Mathematics

Second Quarter – Module 2:

Solving Problems Involving
Polynomial Functions
Mathematics – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Second Quarter – Module 2: Solving Problems Involving Polynomial Functions
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Marialyn Reyes
Editor: Adonis A. Torres
Reviewers: Adonis A. Torres
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Ria V. Omańa
Glenda T. Catacutan
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 Lesson
Solving problems Involving
1 Polynomial Functions

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you acquire skills in solving problems which involve polynomial
functions. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level
of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond
with the textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Solve problems involving polynomials (M10AL-IIb-2).

What I Know

Direction: Find out how much you already know about the topics in this module.
Choose the letter of the correct answer and write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Evaluate xn + 2x + 5 when n=3 and x =2.

A. 30 C. 20
B. 18 D. 17

2. Which of the following is not a polynomial function?

A. f(x) = 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 1 C. f(x) = √7 𝑥 − 2𝑥 6
3
3
B. f(x) = 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥2 D. f(x) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 5
2

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 3. What is the area of a square when its side is 2x + 5 ?
A. 2x2+3x+25 sq. units C. 4x2 + 20x + 25 sq. units
B. 4x +10x+15 sq. units
2 D. 2x2 + 20x + 25 sq. units

4. Find the width of a rectangle if its area is 10 cm2 and its length is 1
more than twice its width ?

A. 4 cm B. 5 cm C. 10 cm D. 2 cm

5. What is the length of the hypotenuse of the triangle when its base is
2x and its height is 1 less than its base.

A. √8𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1 cm C. √8𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1 cm2

B. √4𝑥 2 + 52 + 3 cm D. √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 cm

6. What is the leading coefficient of the polynomial function

f(x)= 3x + x4 + 16 ?
A. 1 B. 3 C. 2 D. 4

7. If you will draw the graph of f(x) = x(x +2)2 , how will you sketch it
with respect to the x-axis?
A. Sketch it crossing both (-2,0) and (0,0).
B. Sketch it crossing (-2,0) and tangent at (0,0).
C. Sketch it tangent at (-2,0) and crossing (0,0).
D. Sketch it tangent at both (-2,0) and (0,0).

8. What are the end behaviors of the graph of f(x) = -2x + x3 + 3x5 -4?
A. rises to the left and falls to the right
B. falls to the left and rises to the right
C. rises to both directions
D. falls to both directions

9. You are asked to illustrate the sketch of f(x) = x3 – 3x5 + 4 using its
properties. Which will be your sketch?

A. B. C. D.

2
 10. A surveyor encounters difficulties in showing a sketch
of the graph of y=2x3+3x2-4x-6. You know that the quickest
technique is the Leading Coefficient Test. You want to help Linus
in his problem. What hint/clue should you give?

A. The graph falls to the left and rises to the right.

B. The graph rises to both left and right.
C. The graph rises to the left and falls to the right.
D. The graph falls to both left and right.

What’s In

Direction: Read and understand the following items. Choose the letter that best
answers each question. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is the leading coefficient of the polynomial function

f(x) = 3𝑥 + 2𝑥 3 + 4 ?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

2. What is the degree of the polynomial function f(x) = 4𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 7

A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 3

3. How should the polynomial function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 5 + 5 be written in

standard form?
A. 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 + 3𝑥 5 + 5 C. 𝑓 (𝑥) = 5 + 3𝑥 + 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 5
B. 𝑓 (𝑥) = 5 + 3𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 𝑥
5 3
D. 𝑓 (𝑥) = 3𝑥 5 + 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 + 5

What’s New

Direction: Read the following problems and answer the question that follow.

1. The area of a triangle is 44m2. Find the lengths of the legs if one of the
legs is 3m longer than the other leg.

Questions:
A. What is asked in the problem?
B. What are given?
C. What is the solution?

3
 2. The top of a 12-foot ladder is 4 feet farther up a wall than the foot is from
the bottom of the wall. How far is the ladder from the bottom of the wall?

Questions:
A. What is asked in the problem?
B. What are given?
C. What is the solution?

What is It

Let’s apply what we have learned from polynomial functions.

The problem-solving strategy we used before for applications that translate to

linear equations will work just as well for applications that translate to polynomial
equations. The following problem-solving strategy in previous lessons will still be
used to solve problems involving polynomial functions.

Step 1:Read the problem. Make sure all the words and ideas are understood.
Step 2:Identify what are asked.
Step 3: Name what we are looking for. Choose a variable to represent
that quantity.
Step 4: Translate into an equation. It may be helpful to restate the problem
in one sentence with all the important information. Then, translate the
English sentence into an algebraic equation.
Step 5: Solve the equation using appropriate algebra techniques.
Step 6: Check the answer in the problem and make sure it makes sense.
Step 7: Answer the question with a complete sentence.

Polynomial Functions can also be applied to following:

A. Genetics

Genetics is the study of the functions and behaviors of genes. Genes are
bits of biochemical instructions found inside the cells of every organism. The
offspring receive a mixture of genes from both parents. This process is the reason
why there is a wide variety of traits that exist in nature such as the colors of
butterflies, the markings on the skins of dalmatians, or the heights of humans.
Geneticists use polynomial functions to calculate the equilibrium allele frequency for
a trait that exhibits underdominance. One of the polynomial functions they use is
𝑓(𝑝) = (𝑠 + 𝑠2 )𝑝3 − (𝑠1 + 2𝑠2 )𝑝2 + 𝑠2 𝑝
Where p and s are the frequencies of two alleles A and a, respectively.

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 B. Deforestation

Apply the concepts of polynomial functions to answer the question in each

problem. Use calculator when needed.

1. Look at the pictures below. What do these tell us? Filipinos need to take the
problem of deforestation seriously.

The table below shows the forest cover of the Philippines in relation to its total
land area of approximately 30 million hectares.

Year 1900 1920 1960 1970 1987 1998

Forest 70 60 40 34 23.7 22.2
cover (%)
Source: Environmental Science for social change, Decline of the Philippines forest

A cubic polynomial that best models the data is given by

26𝑥 3 −3500𝑥 2 −391 300 𝑥+69 717 000

𝑦= ; 0 ≤ x ≤ 98
1 000 000

Where y is the percent forest cover x years from 1900.

A. Using the graph, what is the approximate forest cover during the year 1940?
Answer: is 50%.

B. Compare the forest cover in 1987 (as given in the table) to the forest cover given
by the polynomial function. Why are these values not exactly the same?

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 Solution:
26𝑥 3 −3500𝑥 2 −391 300 𝑥+69 717 000
𝑦=
1 000 000
x = 87
26(87)3 −3500(87)2 −391 300(87)+ 69 717 000
𝑦=
1 000 000
26(658,503)−3500 (7569)−391300(87)+ 69 717 000
𝑦=
1 000 000
17 121 078−26 491 500−34 043 100+69 717 000
𝑦=
1 000 000
26 303 478
𝑦=
1000000
𝑦 = 26.3

26.3 percent as given by the polynomial function while 23.7 percent as

given in the table. The given values are not exactly the same as that of the
polynomial function because there are factors affecting the change of values
such as increase in kaingin practice, illegal logging and others.

C. Do you think you can use the polynomial function to predict the forest cover in
the 2100? Why or why not?

Answer: Yes, because as the polynomial function gives close result to the data
collected as in the table.

Note: There are also other applications of solving problems involving polynomial
functions which include:
1. Graph of functions 4. Area and Volume
2. Number problems 5. Mixture
3. Age problems 6. Rate

It is also interesting to note that solving problems involving polynomial

functions includes derivation of formulas. For example, how will you solve for
a when c2=a2+b2 ? By derivation, solving for a will have a = √𝑐2 − 𝑏2. Hence,
solving for the equation involves deriving of formulas and applying
algebraic techniques.

What’s More

Direction: Solve the problem and write your answer on a separate

sheet of paper.

1. A car manufacturer determines that its profit, P, in thousands of pesos,

can be modeled by the function P(x) = 0.00125x 3 + x – 3, where x represents
the number of cars sold. What is the profit when x = 300?

A. Php 34,047.00 C. Php 30,407.00

B. Php 1,039,500.00 D. Php 10,125,297.00

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 2. The length of the rectangle is 2x - 3 and its width is equal to x - 1. Find the
area of the rectangle if x = 3.

A. 12 sq. units C. 10 sq. units

B. 6 sq. units D. 20 sq. units

What I Have Learned

Let’s check!

Direction: Answer the following questions below.

1. What is the first step in solving word problems?

2. What shall be used to solve an equation?
3. What is the next step after solving the equation?
4. Given the formula c2=a2 + b2, how do you solve for a?
5. In solving for a in no. 4, what do you call it?

What I Can Do

Direction: Solve the problem. Show your solution. Show your illustration and
solution in a separate sheet of paper.

A Mahogany tree is supported by a wire anchored in the ground

6 feet from its base. The wire is 2 feet longer than the height that it
reaches on the tree. Find the length of the wire.

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 Assessment

Direction: Answer all items. Choose the letter that best answers each question.
Write your solution and answer in a separate sheet of paper.

1. A factory owner determines that its profit, P, in thousands of pesos, can

be modeled by the function P(x) =0.005𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 2 , where x represents the
number of garments sold. What is the profit when x = 1000?

A. Php 6,200.00 C. Php 6,002.00

B. Php 6,020.00 D. Php 6,102.

2. A demographer predicts that the population, P, of a town t years from now

can be modeled by the function P(t) =6𝑡 4 − 5𝑡 3 + 200𝑡 + 12 000. What will
the population of the town be two (2) years from now?

A. 12 456 C. 1 245 600

B. 124 560 D. 12 456 000

3. A Health expert predicts that the spread of COVID-19 in the second wave
that infects human being V, of a country in t weeks from now can be
represented by the function V (t) = 𝟖𝒕𝟑 − 𝟏𝟎𝒕𝟐 + 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝒕 + 𝟓 𝟎𝟎𝟎. What will be
the number of infected persons in 5 weeks from now if no vaccine or
action to prevent).

A. 7,520 C. 7, 500
B. 7,250 D. 7, 502

Additional Activities

Direction: Read and analyze the problems below. Write your answer in a separate
sheet of paper.

1. The length of the rectangle is 2x - 3 and its width is equal to x - 2.

Find the area of the rectangle.

2. The distance covered by a bike in meters is given by the expression

2x2-6x -20 . The time taken by the bike in seconds to covered this
distance is given by the expression x - 5. Find the speed of the bike.

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 9
Additional Activities Assessment What’s More
1. C
2. A 1. A
1. 2x2 -7x +6 sq. units 3. B 2. B
2. 2x+4 or 2(x+2)
meters per second What I Can Do
The length of the wire is 10
meters
What I Have What’s New What’s In What I know
Learned 1. 1. B
1. Read the A. length of the legs 2. C 1. D 6.A
problem B. A=44m2, a=x, b=x+3 3. D 2. B 7.C
1
2. Algebraic C. 44m2= (x) (x+3) 3. C 8.B
2
techniques 4. D 9.A
3. Check the 2. 5. A 10.A
answer A. Distance of the ladder from
4. a=√𝑐 2 − 𝑏2 the wall
5. Derivation B. c=12, a=x, b=x+4
C. c2=a2+b2
12 = √𝑥 2 + (𝑥 + 4)2
Answer Key
References

Callanta, M.V., Canonigo, A.M., Chua, A.I., Cruz, et al., Mathematics –

Grade 10 Learner’s Module. Published by the Department of
Education. Printed in the Philippines by REX Book Store, Inc.

Tresvalles, Regina Macarangal, Advanced Algebra, Trigonometry, and

Statistics, Abiva Bldg., 851 G. Araneta Ave., 1113 Quezon City.
Published and Distributed by Abiva Publishing House, Inc.

Website Links:
https://math.libretexts.org/Courses/Monroe_Community_College/MT
H_104_Intermediate_Algebra/6%3A_Factoring/6.6%3A_Polynomial
_Equations

https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/polynomial-equation-word-
problem.html

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education Region VII – Division of Tanjay City

(Office Address) Magallanes St. ,Brgy. Pob. 9, Tanjay City, Negros Oriental

Telephone No.: (035)-415-9360

Email Address: depedtanjaycity@yahoo.com