REPORTED SPEECH (CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT)

* Câu tường thuật là câu thuật lại ý của người nói:

Bill said, “I don’t like this party”
→ Bill said that he didn’t like that party.
* Khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu tường thuật/ câu gián tiếp ta cần lưu ý BA yếu tố chính là
: THÌ, NGÔI , TRẠNG NGỮ
I. LÙI THÌ ( lùi xuống 1 thì )
CÂU TRỰC TIẾP CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT
1. Hiện tại đơn => Quá khứ đơn
V/ Vs/ Ves / am / is / are / don’t + V1 / doesn’t V1 V2 / Ved / was / were / didn’t + V
2. Hiện tại tiếp diễn => Quá khứ tiếp diễn
am / is / are + V-ing Was / were + V-ing
3. Hiện tại hoàn thành => Quá khứ hoàn thành
Have / has + V3/ed Had + V3/ed
4. Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn => Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Have/ has + been + V_ing Had + been + V_ing
5. Quá khứ đơn => Quá khứ hoàn thành
Was / were / V2 / Ved Had + V3/ed
6. Quá khứ tiếp diễn => QKHTTD
Was / were + V-ing Had + been + V-ing
7. Tương lai đơn => Tương lai trong quá khứ
will + V would + V
8. can => could
9. may => might
10. must / need => had to
 Thì QKHT , ought to, could , should, might, used to, would rather, had better… => giữ nguyên

II. ĐỔI NGÔI

TRỰC TIẾP TƯỜNG THUẬT TRỰC TIẾP TƯỜNG THUẬT
I  He / She We  they
me  him / her us  them
my  his / her our  their
mine  his / hers ours  theirs
myself  himself / herself ourselves  themselves

III. ĐỔI TRẠNG TỪ

TRỰC TIẾP TƯỜNG THUẬT
1. This => That
2. These => Those
3. Now => Then
4. Here => There
5. Today => That day
6. Tonight => That night
7. ago => before
 8. yesterday => the previous day / the day before
9. tomorrow => the following day / the day after
10. last…. => the previous….../ the…. before
11. next….. => the following…./the next…../the….after

IV.CÁC MẪU CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT

1. CÂU TRẦN THUẬT
Direct: S + V +(O): “S + V …”
Indirect: S + said + that + S + V ( lùi xuống 1 thì ) …
S + said to O + that + S + V ( lùi xuống 1 thì ) …
S + told O + that + S + V ( lùi xuống 1 thì ) …
Ex: Tom said, ‘I want to visit my friend this weekend”
→ Tom said (that)
She said to me, “I am going to Dalat next week”
→ She told me (that)
2. CÂU HỎI
2.1 Yes/No Question
Direct: S + V + (O): “Aux.V + S + V+ O?”
Indirect: S + asked + ( O) if / whether + S + V ( lùi thì )
wondered
wanted to know
Ex: “Did you go out last night, Tam”, I asked.
→ I asked Tam
2.2 Wh-Question
Direct: S + V + (O): “Wh- + Aux.V + S + V+ O?”
Indirect: S + asked + ( O) Wh- + S + V ( lùi thì )
wondered
wanted to know
Ex: “How long are you waiting for the bus?”, he asked me.
→ He asked me
3. CÂU MỆNH LỆNH
3.1 Câu mệnh lệnh khẳng định
Direct: S + V + O: “V1………”
Indirect: S + asked/told (O) + to V1
Ex: He said to her “Keep silent, please.”
→ He told her
3.2 Câu mệnh lệnh phủ định
Direct: S + V + O: “Don’t + V1”
Indirect:
S + asked/told (O) + not to V1
Ex: The teacher said to the students: “Don’t talk in the class”
→ The teacher told