CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter sets out various stages and phases that were followed

in completing the study. In this section, the research identifies the

procedures and techniques that were used in the collection, processing,

and analysis of data.

3.1 Research Design

The study adopted a descriptive design. Descriptive research is

used to obtain information concerning the status of the phenomena to

describe "what exists" for variables or conditions in a situation. The

technique was appropriate as it involved a careful in-depth study on

social media and body image satisfaction of Grade 11 Humanities and

social science students at Nasugbu East Senior High School.

3.2 Sampling Procedure

In selecting the sample of this study, the researcher uses the

random sampling method using Raosoft sample calculator stratified

sample method to compute the respondents per strata. Wherein the

random sampling method, the research used the total population of 287

as the basis in computing the sample using Raosoft calculator, with 95%

of confidence and 5% margin of error. While in the stratified sampling

method, researchers divide subjects into subgroups called starta based

on characteristics that they share (e.g., race, gender, educational

attainment). This sampling methods may prove to be affected since the

researchers want to know different subgroups or strata based on the

entire population being studied—for instance, if one is interested in

differences among groups based on race, gender, or education and the

drawn from a source that is conveniently accessible. A survey

questionnaire was used in this study with 26 chosen respondents from

five different sections as a sample. The study targets the Grade 11

Humanities and Social Sciences Learners in Nasugbu East Senior High

School.

3.3 Participants of the study

The Grade 11 Humanities and Social Sciences in Nasugbu East

Senior High School have 5 sections, which are Aphrodite, Athena,

Cronus, Hera, Hermes.

 Table 3.1

Participants of the Study

Section Populatio Percentage Sample

Aphrodite 58 20% 33

Athena 55 19% 31

Cronus 59 21% 35

Hera 56 21% 35

Hermes 58 19% 31

287 100% 165

Total

In computing the total sample, the researcher used the Raosoft

sample calculator. The study used 287 as the population and derived

165 learners from Humanities and Social Sciences as samples. The one

section which is Athena have the lowest number of populations in

Nasugbu East Senior High School with 31 respondents that comprise the

0.19% of the total population. And the other four sections which are

Aphrodite, Cronus, Hera and Hermes have the highest same number of

population in Nasugbu East Senior High School with 31 and above

respondents that has 0.20% and above total population.

3.4 Research Instrumentation

Construction. In the study, the designed questionnaire was

developed to assess the relationship between social media and body

image satisfaction among Grade 11 Humanities and Social Science

students at Nasugbu East Senior High School. The questionnaire

comprises two sections: the first gather demographic data, while the

second explores student perception on body image, social media

awareness, and influence. The questions are purposefully crafted to align

with the researcher’s objectives, ensuring clarify and relevance. This

structured questionnaire will provide valuable insights into the students

perception about their awareness between Social Media and body image

satisfaction of Grade 11 academic setting.

Validation. In this study, data collection will employ

questionnaires as the chosen instrument. Ensuring content validity,

which pertains to how comprehensively the instrument measures the

construct of interest, is of paramount importance the questionnaire will

undergo meticulous designed ang pilot testing with a select group from

the target population. This step is crucial to refine the questionnaire,

enhancing its validity and accuracy, and ultimately ensuring that the

data collected for the study is both reliable and representative of the

intended construct.

Reliability. Instrument reliability is a critical aspect, measuring

the degree to which consistent result are obtained upon repeated use.
While absolute reliability is challenging to achieve, a well construct

instrument typically exhibits substantial consistency in its results across

different instances of application. This consistency is known as reliability

and is a hallmark of a quality research tool. The enhance reliability, the

researcher conducted an interview with Mr. Jay R. Bautista, School

Guidance Councilor from Nasugbu East Senior High School, tapping into

his expertise to ensure the instrument design aligns with the study's

objectives and facilitates the consistent collection of valuable data.

3.5 Data Gathering Procedure

Questionnaire Design. Developed a questionnaire consisting of

items that assess student's perception on body image, social media

awareness, and influence.

Utilized a Likert scale format with a range of 1 (Never/Strongly

Disagree) to 5 (Always/Strongly Agree) to allow the participants to rate

their perceptions.

Pre-Testing. Pre-test on a questionnaire on a small sample of the

students (representative of the study population). This helps identify any

ambiguities or issues with the questions.

Sampling. Identified the 165 samples of the study which

comprises Grade 11 Humanities and Social Science students at Nasugbu

East Senior High School.

 Informed Consent. Before data collection, obtained informed

consent from the participants or their legal guardians if they are under

18 years old. Clearly explain the purpose of the study and assure

confidentiality.

Data Collection. Administer the questionnaires to the selected

participants during designated data collection sessions. Ensured a

controlled and quiet environment to minimize distractions and encourage

candid responses. Allowed the participants sufficient time to complete

the questionnaires.

Data Entry. After data collection, enter the responses into a

secure and organized database for analysis. Double-check for accuracy

during data entry to minimize errors.

Data Analysis. Employ statistical analysis methods to examine the

collected data. This includes calculating means, standard deviations, and

correlations between variables. Interpret the data to draw insights into

student’s perception about their awareness between social media and

body image satisfaction.

Reporting. Summarize the findings and include them in the

research report, presenting the results in a clear and organized manner.

3.6 Statistical Treatment

 Before processing the responses, the completed questionnaires

were checked for completeness and consistency. The data were coded to

enable the responses to be grouped into various categories. The findings

were presented using tables, percentages and tabulations. Tables will be

used to summarize responses for further analysis and facilitate

comparison.

For this study, the researcher was interested in determining

perceptions of the relationship between social media and body image

satisfaction of Grade 11 Humanities and Social Science students in

Nasugbu East Senior High School.

The data that has been gathered were treated statistically with the

use of the following statistical tool:

Frequency. It was used to determine the participants responses

about their profile.

Percentage. It was used to find the percentage of the answers

according to the questions presented in the survey. Which was obtained

by multiplying the scale value by the response and dividing the total

weighted scores by the number of respondents multiplied by 100.

Formula:

% = F/N x 100

Where:

F= Frequency

N= Number of Respondents
 100 = Constant Value Factor

Weighted Mean. This was used to determine the number of

responses for each answer according to the population of the

respondents.

Formula:

x=w1x1+w2x2...+wnxnw1+w2...+wn

Where:

x= Weighted Mean

xi=x1, x2, x3=Items given

wi=w1, w2, w3wn=Frequencies corresponding to the given items

The weighted mean was interpreted on the Likert scale method

presented as follows: Levels of Quality

Table 3.2

Five-Point Likert scale on social media and Body Image

Satisfaction of Grade 11 Humanities and Social Science students

at Nasugbu East Senior High School

Rate Options

5 Always

4 Often

3 Sometimes

2 Rarely

1 Never
 Table 3.3

Five-Point Likert scale on social media and Body Image

Satisfaction of Grade 11 Humanities and Social Science students

at Nasugbu East Senior High School

Rate Options

4 Strongly Agree

3 Agree

2 Disagree

1 Strongly Disagree

Z Test - Z-test is a statistical test to determine whether two

population means are different when the variances are known, and the

sample size is large.

Z = (X̄ - μ) / (σ/√n)

Where:
 Z is the Z-test statistic.

X̄ is the sample mean.

μ is the population mean (the known or hypothesized value you are

comparing the sample mean to).

σ is the population standard deviation (the known value).

n is the sample size.

If the alpha (0.05) is greater than the P-value, the null hypothesis

is rejected at a 5% level of significance. If the alpha (0.05) is less than the

P-value, a 1% level of significance is tested, if the alpha (0.01) is less

than the P-Value, the null hypothesis is accepted at a 1% level of

significance, if the alpha (0.01) is greater than the P-value, the null

hypothesis is accepted at 5% level of significance.

ANOVA Single Factor is a statistical technique used to analyze

the differences among group means in a sample. It is commonly used in

research and data analysis to compare the means of three or more

groups to determine if there are statistically significant differences

between them.

Yij = μ + αi + εij

Where:
 Yij represents the observed value of the dependent variable for the

j-th observation in the i-th group.

μ is the overall population mean (the mean of all observations

combined).

αi represents the effect of the i-th group (also called a treatment or

factor level). These are the group-specific effects.

εij represents the random error term, which accounts for

individual variations and measurement errors.

Step 1. Formulate the Hypothesis

Step 2. Collected the data from different groups or samples. Each

group represents a different category or treatment.

Step 3. Organized the data into a clear format, used a table with

one column for each group.

Step 4. Used statistical software like SPSS, R, or Excel to perform

the One Way ANOVA.

Step 5. If the p-value is less than the chosen significance level

(commonly 0.05), reject the null hypothesis. This suggests that there are

significant differences among at least two group means.

If the p-value is greater than the significance level, failed to reject

the null hypothesis, indicating that there is no significant difference

among the group means.