Complex Numbers

Real Imaginary
Part part
- ~
bi
Z- = C +

i = -

Numbers
Simplify Compl e x
Q
Esi
Si 2 -
Si
2 +
I

=
3i)(2-5i)
(2 + si)(2 Si)
-

I . + bi)(a
- 5i) -

4
-

--25 it
 :
&
si+6i
-
-

list
m

4 + 23

- li
29 z = a + bi
I ↳
29 Oai
al b
The modulus- Absolute
/ Value
Size

bi
z = a +
distance
IS
it the
17) the origin
from
Re& -Im
-
-

Z
-
= 4 + 34 1z1 =+ b2a

alm b
a ~

3- ·
(4 ,3)
1)

of ~
k
-

Re

+ye

⑭ E ↑

4 + 32
121 = N

= T6
+9

I Tes
1z1 = 5
 Argand Plane Z =
atbi

alm Rectangular
⑳
c(b)
a
formorigina I

·
of
r b
formcomplet
Sino
= P -

e
----.

Sinox
-
Cost =
Ad
↑ Cost
A
=

b = rSinO
a = rCOSO

bi
Z = a +

Z = rCosO HusinO) i

z = r
[CosO + i sinO]
S
I
-

M
actb
form
=
r = 1z)
Polar
 4 Writee the following
Example
:
numbers in
complex
= #) always polar form
~ it positive
IS
alm
i
①z = 1 +

1 ·, 1
Se
I
-

a= N I
of
b = 1 I Re

r = 12

:
r
= & = r [cosO isinG] +

z
tano =

I
=
r2[cos()) +
isin()
O = tan (1)
π
O =

I
- = 3 + 31

write in z
Polar 2 2
5i7
-

=
z = -
3+
 complex
Multiplication of numbers

(1 + 32) Ex = (2 i)
z ,
=

Find Z , Ez E [2 = -

-
-
=
, Za = C- 1 + 3
-
-
5
i) (2- 54
2
-

-
-
-
2 +5: +6i-15v
=

-
2 + li -
15( )
=

- 2 + 15 +
13 + 11i
-

Zil2
-
-

-
 & = U
,
CCOsQ, +
isind)
Ez =
re (cos Oz
+ iSinO2)

Z
, E2
=
(r ,
(cos0 , +
isinal) (k(coso +isino) ,

=
hi (Costising
i
3 (Cossztising)

iSinGsin
Z
, E2 =
rive
[Cos0 , Cos82+ CosOpiSinO2 + CosOisinG, +

c
O ↑
E1 Ez
[COSO SinGi]
= r U iSinOz +
LosO, -SinO CoSOziSinO,
, , CosOz+ ,

ZiZz =
vVz [CosO , CosOz-SinG, SinOz
+ I
(lost SinOz + lost sig
,

Eiz =
riv
[a (0 , + 827 C
sin (a,
+i +
02] *
O

Example
: E ,
= [Cos (3 f + i Sin (300]
Oz

& = [cos (t + is in
(45)]
Find z , Ez
+43) iSin (30+43)]
<(x3) [cos (30
+

Zi2 =
 z
, Ze = 10
[cos(75) + iSin (75)

z ,
= 6 [cosl +
isin]
E2 = 3 [Cosl] + iSin
[]
Find Z. Ez

El
zz
(0 , -02)
i sin (0 , -

O27]
& = E [cos
+

+ is in (0 , +02)
ziza = Cos W
R250 PM

① Z ,
= 6 [Cosl + is in
]
zz = 3 [CosE +
Isin ]
E , za =
(6 x3)
[cos (t + #) + iSin ( + )]
Zizz = 18
[Cos (4) +i Sin(T
Ziz= 18
[cos(ππ) + iSin
(t)
-

02) + is in(G -Oe

= [Cos (k
-

83[cos(t #)
-

+isin( #3)]
-

+ iSin(
[Cos (24) 4) i)
=
=
2

2
[cos() + isin (i)e

E
= 2
[Cos # - i Sin
2
 De Moivre's Theorem
L We use De Moivre's theorem
the nth
to find power of
number
a complex
+ Sino

- In order to
apply the
De Moirrelstheoremyoueda
polur form .

zv =
r"[Cos(Or) + isinOn]
z = 6
[cos(t) + isin (t)]

4 [cos( ***)
Find
=
-
6
+ + isin (x)]
 & = 1296 [Cos() isin(π)]
+

Example

z = r
[cosO iSin0]
+

rict
 Rodians
converting from degrees
to

↑ = 180

rading
from degrees
to

Converting
(
. = ↑

(2x 7 21
15x 3)
=

15x+ 3) = 21 12x
+
-

7)
< 0
If 5X+3
I 5x + 3 > 0
or -(5x + 3) = 21 -

(2x-)
5) +3 = 2) +2x
-
4
-

5x - 3 = 21 -
2x + 7
52 -
2x) = 21 -
7 -
-
5x + 2x = 28 + 3
B x = I
-5 Buy =3t
-

x = 13
 (5) 2 Find the limita

5
- E

C i
lim

-
~
=
+
E
N
n+ f
in
i= 1

iO
o
i
&
I lim
n-
8

-S D) O
lim
hof lim E
2
Dan
6
+
+ = 0

a
Ennis
·Gr
((1) O
limt
)) = 0

=
jnf(π 5)( +
+
n)
 50(1 n)(2
i)
=
+
+

3
=
5(1 0)(2 0)
+ +

=
5(D)(2)
=
E =
E
8 E
.
[(e)3 1)
+

T 1]
is
+

[ n) +

o [i 2 :
+

i l

Time e Thin
[ inis
-
8[ +
1)
s [cn iD lim[
+ 1)
+

lim a
fin e

in [N 1]
b

lim
In t 2
n2
-
+ 2n +
n2 O
+ line
n+ f
I

In o Lin +
r +
i +

+
t)
+ +
#(n(
+ 0 + 3) + 1
(1
E +
1
=
 G
lim ⑭ = 100

n>
- 8

10
lim 10
=

nt f

O
lim (a b)
+

n>2
-

↓
lim 9 +
lim e
Reso
n> -
-

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