FOUNDATION OF SPECIAL AND INCLUSIVE EDUCATION POST TEST

According to a study, how many people in the word who are forced to be out of their homes?
A. 100 million
B. 65.6 million
C. 100,000 thousand
D. 5 million

Which of the following does the acronym UDL stand for?

A.Unity Declaration for Learning
B.Universal Declaration for Learning
C.United Design for Learning
D.Universal Design for Learning

Bella is a 6th-grade student with an intellectual disability (ID-previously MR) and her teacher is having
difficulty getting her to do her work. Bella says she is not good at doing schoolwork and always fails
anyway. How can the teacher plan for Bella?
A. Ask the 1st-grade teacher for some of her worksheets since Kendall is working about a 1st-2nd-grade level.
B. Give her the same worksheets over and over until she gets it right.
C. Be sure that the work that Bella is receiving is in her Zone of Proximal Development.
D. Concentrate on vocational skills and forget the academics.

How is “disability” being viewed as one of the dimensions of diversity?

A. It is seen as an unnatural part of life.
B. It goes outside the spectrum of diversity.
C. It is a natural part of life and diversity.
D. Less understood and accepted.

A person was diagnosed with cerebral palsy and was given intervention programs based on the capacity
stated in his diagnosis. What model was the basis for this approach?
A. Medical
B. Biomedical
C. Functional
D. Moral

Which of the following is required in order for a disability to be classified as orthopedic impairment?
A. Explanation
B. Evaluation
C. Reports
D. Sight Test

All are examples of typical development. Which DOES NOT belong?

A. Uses future tense in communicating with others.
B. Uses wide range behavior.
C. Can use toilet on her own.
D. Sometimes demanding and sometimes cooperative.

Based from the Individualized Education Program (IEP), students with visual impairment are classified
according to their level of functional vision. Which of the following supports this purpose?
A. To take part in their classroom and understand spoken communication.
B. To implement appropriate classroom accommodations for students with visual impairment.
C. To model what a fluent reader sounds like through focused read-alouds.
D. To provide systematic phonics instruction that incorporates teaching of phonemic awareness.

Which of the following would likely help us achieve acceptance despite of our differences in different
aspects?
A. Ignore those who discriminate.
B. Fight people who tend to be destructive towards others who are different.
C. Establish constant communication and create awareness.
D. Spread love to people who are similar to us.
Which of the following visual impairments below can occur from various factors such as fetal exposure
to infection or for genetic reasons?
A. Cortical Visual Impairment
B. Encourage Independence
C. Congenital Blindness
D. Visual Impairment

A child discovered that her parents decided to separate and with that, she is bothered, she could not
concentrate on her studies and she no longer mingles with people. Which domain greatly affects this
problem?
A. cognitive domain
B. socio-emotional domain
C. biological domain
D. none of the above

Which of the following processes looks into child’s academic, intellectual, psychological, emotional,
perceptual, language, cognitive, and medical development in order to determine areas of strength and
weakness?
A.Collection
B.Evaluation
C.Analysis
D.Determination

Which of the following best describes UDL?

A.It is an approach to teaching and learning which gives all students equal opportunity to succeed.
B.It gives students access to different learning environments.
C.UDL uses one approach to remove barriers in learning.
D.It only targets people who learn and think differently.

Mr. Thompson teaches the 4th grade and has several students in the class with intellectual disabilities.
Josh is one of the students with ID and he is making progress on his IEP goals and objectives; however,
Mr. Thompson thinks that Josh would be happier if he was in a Life Skills classroom. He wants to call the
parents to discuss moving Josh to Life Skills. What requirement of the IDEA guidelines is Mr. Thompson
forgetting?
A. Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)
B. Having an ARD meeting
C. Changing Josh's IEP
D. Asking for an assistive technology device so he will want to be in Mr. Thompson's class

What is the primary technical difference between accommodations and modifications?

A. Accommodations are linked to Section 504 Plans, while modifications are linked to IEP plans.
B. Accommodations are linked to IEP plans, while modifications are linked to Section 504 plans.
C. Accommodations are only given to students with disabilities, while modifications are not.
D. Modifications are only given to students with disabilities, while accommodations are not.

What dimension of inclusive index framework creates a secure, accepting, collaborating, stimulating
community in which everyone is valued?
Creating inclusive cultures
Evolving inclusive practices
Generating special curriculum
Producing inclusive policies

What accommodations may be specific to students with physical disabilities?

A. Oral testing rather than written testing
B. Physical access to the testing site
C. Frequent breaks during the test
D. Additional time to take the test
This is said to be an attempt to increase universal fairness in both public and private education sectors
in terms of instruction. Which is referred to?
A. Secondary Education
B. Primary Education
C. Special Education
D. General Education

When a student has a Dyscalculia, what accommodation is appropriate to given when he/she takes an exam?
A. Allow the use of calculator.
B. Option for oral exam.
C. Use of audio-recorded tests.
D. Use of assistance reader

Which of the following is NOT a sign that a child has ADHD?

A. Daydream a lot.
B. Talk less
C. Lose things a lot
D. Have difficulty getting along with others

Which refers to the normal progression where the child grows by acquiring knowledge, skills, and
behavior called developmental milestones at a certain time frame?
A. Typical Development
B. Atypical development
C. Cognitive-behavior Development
D. Domains of Development

Shawn is an 18-year-old student with a moderate intellectual disability. He is currently working part-
time at the local grocery store and intends to graduate next year. What must be used to ensure that
Shawn has received a coordinated sequence of services to help him be successful after school.
A. The individual education plan (IEP).
B. The individual transition plan (ITP).
C. The vocational adjustment class (VAC).
D. The career and technology education class (CTE).

When conducting a lesson to students with ADHD, which of the following should be done maintain
his/her focus?
A. Ask him/her to perform a task publicly.
B. Let him or her squeeze a rubber ball during lesson.
C. Give general instructions.
D. Keep instructions long but easy.

Meriam can only hear loud sounds such as the sounds an ambulance, train, fireworks, and drum beats.
What type of hearing loss does she have?
A. Mild
B. Moderate
C. Severe
D. Profound

Maria is eight years old, and although she understands some logical principles, she still has a problem
in understanding hypothetical concepts. According to Piaget, Maria belongs to what particular stage of
cognitive development?
A. Sensorimotor Stage
B. Pre-Operational Stage
C. Concrete-Operational Stage
D. Formal Operational Stage

As a teacher, why is there a need to be aware of the issues regarding child labor and child abuse?
A. To help eliminate and prevent these issues and also, to provide appropriate and necessary support to
students who are victim of these.
B. In order to allot more time reflecting about these issues so that we can discuss/argue about better ways to
stop them.
C. To spread information.
D. To show love

In terms of movement and physical development, a four-year old kid shows the following typical
milestones. Which do you think DOES NOT belong?
A. Can jump in place.
B. Can name colors and numbers.
C. Hops and stands on one foot.
D. Shows no interest yet in make believe games.

What kind of class should be developed for visually impaired children?

A. Minimal and Organized
B. Better illuminated
C. Small desktops
D. Lots of classroom decorations

Knowing that child labor and abuse is rampant, which of the following you can do to prevent and
eliminate it?
A. Make children feel it is worthwhile attending your class.
B. Do not encourage children to share matters in their lives.
C. Say Yes to corporal punishment.
D. Establish discipline.

Which of the following shows an atypical development of a child?

A. A five-year old kid speaks very clearly.
B. A four-year old kid knows some basic rules of grammar.
C. A five-year old kid responds superficially.
D. A four-year old kid plays card games.

The following should be taken into account when preparing for a lesson and designing activities for
gifted and talented students. Which does not belong?
A. Ask questions that are open-ended and require thoughtful responses.
B. Look for mentors who can help these students explore their subject of interest more deeply.
C. Design more independent activities and avoid collaborative work because these students are far advanced
than others.
D. Prepare special projects for gifted students who finish class works early.

Jeanna is a student with severe learning disabilities. Which of the following placements is most likely
to be the Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) for her?
A. A separate classroom where she can concentrate on academic skills.
B. Spending all day in the regular classroom with age-appropriate friends.
C. Part of the day in regular education classes and the rest of the day in special education classes.
D. A setting that can best meet her educational needs.

He believed that children take an active role in the learning process, acting much like little scientists as
they perform experiments, make observations, and learn about the world. As kids interact with the
world around them, they continually add new knowledge, build upon existing knowledge, and adapt
previously held ideas to accommodate new information. Who is the famous theorist described?
A. Erikson
B. Piaget
C. Vygotsky
D. Bronfenbrenner

Joselito, a regular sixth grade teacher, is nervous about teaching his biology lesson on the life cycle in his
fifth-grade classroom. His class includes eight students with learning disabilities who do not learn at the
same pace and in the same way as his other students. Which component of teaching in an inclusive
classroom should Mr. Joselito include in his lesson?
A.Acceptance of people's differences
B.Differentiated instruction
C.Parent participation
D.Free education for all

Which among the following is best supported by the statement that development can be positive or negative?
A. Development is focus on growth and flexibility.
B. Development prioritizes maintenance and regulation
C. Development includes growth and decline.
D. Development involves maintenance and decline.

The following are characteristics of Gifted and Talented Children. Which does not belong?
A. wide vocabulary
B. keen observer
C. can read before school age.
D. can observe information rapidly but with quite average memory skill.

Which of the following is an example of articulation disorder?

A. Substitution of sounds such as “wabbit” to “rabbit”.
B. Difficulty in rhythm.
C. Difficulty in timing of speech.
D. Stuttering.

Which of the following BEST describes the term “diversity”?

A. It is one of the biggest threats to humans.
B. An effort to make every person feel belonged.
C. People’s abilities and disabilities which are unique to them.
D. It means differences in race, ethnicity, abilities, age, etc.but despite of these, there is acceptance and respect.

Monica, who is sixth grade teacher, noticed that one of her students’ is showing behaviors and needs
which are uncommon/different in his/her age and level. She is aware that what her student is portraying
is beyond her knowledge and expertise to handle and thus, needs further academic/behavioral support.
To understand the problems in which the student had been exhibiting, and to create appropriate plans to
cater the student’s needs in learning, what should teacher Monica do first?
A. Call a meeting with the student’s parents.
B. Proceed to planning out new instructions.
C. Wait until the student stop exhibiting atypical behaviors.
D. Refer the student to another teacher who is more knowledgeable and skilled.

Which of the following is a specific type of phonological disorder?

A. Apraxia
B. Poor vocabulary
C. Difficulty in articulating inflections.
D. Excessive use of indefinite references.

In terms of instructional materials, a teaches in a UDL classroom would likely to ___________.

A.Provide students with visual aids.
B.Allow students to choose what material/s they want/need in order to learn a lesson.
C.Provide audio text most of the time.
D.Use printed text to support student learning.

Articulation disorders, fluency disorders, and voice disorders are what type of speech impairments?
A. Speech or communication impairment.
B. Specific learning disability.
C. Hearing impairment.
D. Other health impairment.

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about child labor?

A. Most of the children are 5-17 years old.
B. Children work in farms and gold mines.
C. Most of their jobs are dangerous.
D. It is not quite rampant in the Philippines unlike other countries.
In order for the students to become motivated and aware of what they are working to accomplish in the
learning process, the teacher would likely to ______________________.
A.Post goals for every specific lesson.
B.Let students guess what they need to achieve to motivate them.
C.Raffle draw what project students need to finish.
D.Pinpoint from the text what they need to learn.

Kera is one of Ms. Santos’ students in fifth grade who was diagnosed with ADHD. She moves a lot and
easily gets distracted; hence, can’t focus during learning process. What should teacher Santos must do
before a lesson in order to maintain Kera’s concentration during class?
A. List all the activities in the board before starting a lesson.
B. Avoid eye contact with her, so that she will get curious and will tend to listen more.
C. Keep instruction long but easy to understand.
D. Avoid frequent breaks so that she won’t be distracted.

Biblical scripture would refer to the persons with chronic illnesses like leprosy as unclean, while those
considered demonically possessed may actually have mental illnesses. What model was the basis for
this approach?
A. Medical
B. Biomedical
C. Functional
D. Moral

What is complete blindness?*

A. Legal blindness
B. Partially blind
C. Blind at one eye
D. None of the above

Julia is a student who often has difficulty in class. Many times, she refuses to do her work, becomes
the class clown during Language Arts, and can be defiant when working with other students in a small
reading group. Based on the information, what disability/disorder Julia would most likely have?
A. Learning Disability
B. An Emotional Disturbance
C. An Other Health Impairment
D. Mental Retardation/Intellectual Disability

Which model shows that children with and without disabilities learn and play together?
A. Exclusion
B. Segregation
C. Inclusion
D. Special Education

What should be the approach to teach visually impaired children?

A. Teaching students using captions.
B. Using visual stimulus during discussion.
C. Assisting with room arrangements and room familiarization.
D. Keeping unnecessary noise to a minimum.

68. How does a speech or language impairment affect students?

A. It means they can't ever learn to communicate or comprehend things.
B. It makes them lesser than their peers.
C. It makes it harder for them to communicate or comprehend things with others.
D. It makes it hard for them to concentrate.

The following situations show the behaviors of a preschooler in terms of their cognitive development.
Which DOES NOT belong?
A. “That tree pushed the leaf off and it feel down”, says the child.
B. “Someone switched on the thunder”, says the child.
C. “They have the same amount of water even the other container is taller and thinner”, a child remarked.
D. “Why the moon appears at night and not in the morning”, asked the little girl.

Students with language disorders received services in order to improve or develop effective communication
skills. The following are some of the services. Which DOES NOT belong?
A. Helping children who stutter to speak more fluently.
B. Assisting children with voice disorders to improve their voice quality.
C. Helping individuals with aphasia to relearn speech and language skills.
D. Assisting individuals who have illness, surgery, stroke, or injury.

There are quite a lot of reasons why some people’s actions toward others who are different from them
are still quite destructive up until this day - in which some of them are mentioned below. Which do you
think is least likely to be a reason?
A. Different upbringing
B. Conflict in beliefs
C. Mental health issues
D. Differ in physical appearance

Who are identified or considered as a child according to the legislation in the Philippines?
A. Anyone.
B. Those over eighteen years of age but who are unable to fully take care of themselves or protect themselves.
C. Above 20 years old
D. 5 years old only.

What is the best example of an accommodation?

A. allowing a hearing-impaired student to use specialized audio equipment for listening purposes.
B. decreasing the number of required words to be produced on a writing assignment.
C. allowing a student to read a text that is below grade-level compared to the general population.
D. modifying standardized rubric criteria and/or point values.

What is the average IQ of a person?

A. 75
B. 150
C. 100
D. 70

In terms of classroom instruction, this approach in learning under inclusive education helps kids learn
the same material as their peers. What is being referred to?
A.modification
B.accommodation
C.learning
D.facilitating

Which of the following theories described the impact of social experience across the whole lifespan?
A. Socio-cultural Theory
B. Cognitive Development Theory
C. Psychosocial Theory
D. Psychosexual Theory

Karina, an 18-year-old girl with a learning difficulty, wants to live independently in her own home but is
not sure how she can pay rent. If Karina’s situation will be approached through social model, which of
the following solution would likely transpire?
A. She will be supported so that she can pay rent and live in her own home.
B. Her parents can put her in a communal home.
C. She will continue living with her parents.
D. She can live alone without support.

The following are possible causes of intellectual disability. Which DOES NOT belong?
A. Talking late.
B. Difficulty remembering.
C. Behavior problems
D. Logical

This model of disability often suggest habilitation, which refers to help given to those whose disabilities
are congenital or manifested very early in life in order to maximize function. What model is referred?
A. Medical
B. Biomedical
C. Functional
D. Moral

The following statements are TRUE. Which DOES NOT belong?*

A. Hearing impairment occurs when you lose part or all of your ability to hear.
B. Hearing impairments are classified in terms of the severity of the hearing impairment and the type of hearing
impairment.
C. Other terms used to describe hearing impairment are hearing loss, hard of hearing, and deaf.
D. The severity of the hearing loss is categorized based on the maximum sound that can beheard with your better ear.

What model of disability sees disability as either curse or blessing and it characterized by notions of charity
and caretaking?
A. Medical
B. Biomedical
C. Functional
D. Moral

Which of the following best describes a predominantly inattentive student?

A. He/she can’t organize or finish a task.
B. Fidgets and talks a lot.
C. Always restless.
D. Grab things from people or say inappropriate times.

Which statement is true?

A.An accommodation is a change which helps a student overcome or work around a disability, whereas a
modification alters the expectations of what the student is being taught.
B.Both accommodations and modifications alter the expectations of the curriculum.
C.An accommodation can only be made to the class environment.
D.Students with modifications cannot be expected to demonstrate any curriculum expectations at their grade level.

Joe has fluctuating hearing problem. He can hear loud sounds but he has hard of hearing soft sounds.
He uses a hearing aid to help him in his educational performance. What condition does Joe have?
A. Hearing Impairment
B. Visual Impairment
C. Sensory hearing loss
D. Deafness

Erikson noted that when the preschoolers eagerly begin many new activities but are vulnerable to criticism
and feelings of failure, they are experiencing what particular crisis?
A. Identity vs. Role confusion
B. Initiative vs. Guilt
C. Trust vs. Mistrust
D. Industry vs. Inferiority

What does CWC stand for?

A. Councilor for the Welfare of a Child.
B. Continuing Welfare of a Child.
C. Council for the Welfare of Children
D. Care for the Welfare of every Child

Indigenous students generally lack access to educational materials, technology, trained teachers etc.
(education in general) because they usually live quite far from schools. If you are given a chance to
teach indigenous students, which of the following should you do?
A. Set high expectations which they need to achieve as soon as possible.
B. Create culturally -responsive classroom.
C. Stick to traditional instructional materials which they are familiar to.
D. Set low expectations for them.

Which of the following refers to a person who fled his or her home but still within his or her country?
A. Internally displaced
B. Stateless
C. Refugees
D. Runaway

Which of the following statements is TRUE about accommodations?

A.They are not associated with IEP Plans.
B.They allow curricular material to be altered.
C.They require the students to master the same concepts.
D.They are less common than modifications.

Which of the following does IDEA stand for?

A. Inclusive Disability Education Association
B. Individuals with Defect Educational Act
C. Inclusivity of Disability Engagement Action
D. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

What do we call students who have higher abilities?

A. super student
B. extraordinary
C. higher student
D. gifted

If a student, who is in a general classroom setting, shows problems in learning and doing tasks which
are noticeable and concerning, what kind of intervention does a teacher implement, after identifying
the problem, to help the student achieve success in the classroom without entering special education?
A.Referral
B.Pre-referral
C.Placement
D.Recognition

A student has 40db hearing loss range. He is encountering difficulty differentiating letter sounds such
as J and G. What level of hearing loss does he have?
A. Mild
B. Moderate
C. Severe
D. Profound

Which of the following is a positive statement about people with disabilities?

A.They have to be recognized as human beings who should not be discriminated against and should be understood.
B. They have to be separated all the time from others during learning and teaching process so that they can be
comfortable and free from harm.
C. People with disabilities have to be perceived as different at all times to take care of them and become sensitive
on their feelings.
D. They deserved to be home-schooled to be free from biases and bullies.

Which of the following is a disorder that affects movement and muscle posture, and is due to damage
in the brain?
A. Muscular Dystrophy
B. ALS
C. Cerebral Palsy
D. Osteogenesis Imperfecta

To create a flexible learning environment in a UDL classroom, teacher A would likely to ________________.
A.Let students exercise every morning.
B.Create positive learning environment.
C.Provide individual, small, or large group working spaces.
D.Set rules to establish discipline.

When a child has an inability to write well or use his/her fine motor skills even if they should be well-
developed already at his/her age, what type of learning disability is evident?
A. Dyscalculia
B. Dyslexia
C. Dysgraphia
D. Non-verbal

Why type of ADHD does a child has when she/he involves a lot to accidents or injuries?
A. Predominantly Inattentive
B. Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive
C. Combined Hyperactive-Impulsive and Inattentive
D. Out of Focus

Muji was shown genuine affection by his parents and caregivers. Which of the following he is likely to develop?
A. Trust
B. Autonomy
C. Initiative
D. Industry

Which of the following is an example of child labor?

A. A child who is working for another household where he/she cooks, washes clothes/plates/shoes, etc with
little or no pay.
B. 7-year-old child run an errand for his mother.
C. A group of children in school who were asked by their teacher to clean their classroom.
D. A child who was asked to sing during a family event.

Ms. Mica has a new student in her class who has been diagnosed with a learning disability. The student is
having difficulty retaining information. With the help of the special education teacher, Ms. Mica is now
teaching the student mental techniques such as keywords, rhymes, poems, and jingles to use as cues
and to organize information. What do you call with the techniques used?
A. Cognitive behavioral modifications
B. Problem based learning
C. Social stories
D. Mnemonics

It is one of the teachers’ responsibilities to create a plan on how to make their teaching and learning
environment inclusive. The following help teach children with disabilities and establish inclusive settings
to enhance the education of all students. Which DOES NOT belong?
A. Use only standardized assessment so that the family will always know how the child stands in comparison to
children without special needs
B. Use multisensory approaches to learning.
C. Highlight what children can do rather than what they cannot do.
D. Encourage parents to volunteer at school.

WHO distinguishes four types of maltreatment to children. Which of the following DOES NOT include?
A. Physical abuse
B. Sexual Abuse
C. Verbal abuse
D. Psychological abuse

The following are signs that the classroom is inclusive. Which DOES NOT belong?
A.Students’ desks are grouped.
B.There are various visual learning aids.
C.There are technologies such as iPads, pencil grips, braille, apps, etc.
D.Students are well-behaved.
When designing lessons for gifted students, which thinking levels in Bloom's Taxonomy should be focused
more?
A. understanding and analyzing
B. creating and evaluating
C. applying and remembering
D. creating and understanding

Which of the following refers to people who has left the country of their citizenship because they fear
persecution over their race, religion, nationality, beliefs or membership of a particular social group?
A. Internally displaced
B. Stateless
C. Refugees
D. Runaway

Mory is an 11-year-old boy who has severe hearing loss that affects his ability to acquire language. He
cannot hear sounds even with or without hearing aid. What condition does Mory have?
A. Hearing Impairment
B. Visual Impairment
C. Auditory failure
D. Sensory loss

The following are root cause of child labor. Which DOES NOT belong?
A. Parents’ lack of decent work.
B. Financial struggles.
C. No productive work.
D. Leisure

During feedback sessions, a teacher in a UDL classroom would likely to ____________.

A.Talk to students almost everyday to talk about their progress.
B.Give feedbacks in groups.
C.Praise all students even those who are not quite doing well in order to motivate them.
D.Given once a month feedbacking session.

What is an inclusive classroom?

A. One in which every student participates.
B. One in which the student population is culturally diverse.
C. One in which students with and without disabilities work and learn together.
D. One with many teachers.

Which of the following portrays one of the purposes of assessment?

A.Planning appropriate instruction.
B.Providing hobbies.
C.Identifying students’ wants.
D.Creating a program which cater students’ interest.

In Loden’s Diversity Wheel, there were three dimensions that were added to the core dimensions of diversity.
Which of the following was NOT included?
Class
Income
Education
Spiritual Beliefs

Which of the following involves processing and understanding of patterns in a child’s educational, social,
developmental, environmental, medical, and emotional history?
A.Collection
B.Evaluation
C.Analysis
D.Determination
What term do educators use to refer to a severe orthopedic impairment that adversely affects a child's
educational performance?
A. Other health impairments
B. Orthopedic impairments
C. Physical disabilities
D. Cerebral palsy

Which refers to children with an IEP attending a regular classroom for their social and academic benefit?
A. Special Education
B. Mainstreaming
C. Inclusion
D. None of the choices

What psychosocial crisis results in either a feeling of confidence or inadequacy?

A. Trust vs. mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
C. Intimacy vs. isolation
D. Industry vs. inferiority

Which among the statements below is NOT true about human development?
A. The pattern of development is similar and the outcome of developmental processes is the same.
B. The pattern of development is similar but the process of development varies among individuals.
C. The growth of individuals is not the same due to differences in heredity & environment.
D. all of the above.