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    Table for Exam 2

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    1 views2 pages

    Table For Exam 2

    Uploaded by

    raybua

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 2

    Folate B12-cobalamin (made w/ cobalt) B6

    Food Sources Vegetables, Folic acid Animal foods -Animal foods


    HOES -Destroyed: high heat, storage,
    processing
    Digestion -Polyglutamate form -B12 freed by HCl and Pepsin -Plant- pyridoxine (PN)
    -Carboxypeptidases, zinc dep. -Attached to R-protein -Animal- pyridoxal (PL) &
    -Diminish: Acidic, alcoholism, -Attached to IF (parietal cells from Pyridoxamine (PM)
    legumes, lentils, cabbage, oranges, stomach) travel to Distal ileum -Broken down by alkaline
    pancreatic exocrine insufficiency phosphatase-zinc dependent
    Absorption -Proximal small intestine, colon -Distal ileum -Passive diffusion
    -PCFT or passive -Passive -JEJUNUM
    -Becomes THF -May be excreted in bile and -Goes into portal blood
    -In cells exist as THF, 5-methyl THF, reabsorbed= long half-life -PMP and PNP become PLP with
    5,10 formyl THF riboflavin help
    Pathways -serves as methyl donors -Homocysteine and Methionine -AA metabolism- shiff base, unstable
    -AA metabolism Serine-Glycine metabolism bond around a-carbon
    -Choline Degradation -5-methyl THF becomes THF with -Transamination- synthesize
    -Histidine Degradation help of cobalamin, nonessential aa
    -Methionine and Homocysteine -methylcobalamin, homocysteine -AST and ALT
    metabolism with help of methionine synthase -Deanimation -excrete ammonium
    Methionine and SAM synthesis and B12 becomes methionine. -Decarboxylation-remove CO2
    -DNA and RNA RBC -DNA and RNA RBC -Transsulfhydration- cysteine from
    -gene expression -Propionyl-CoA-LmethylMalonyl-Coa- methionine (homocysteine-
    - Pyrimidine synthesis and purine Succinyl-CoA (TCA) cystathionine-cysteine)
    synthesis -accumulation of acid and L-malonyl -transSelenium metabolism
    causes myelin abnormal -Glycogen degradation
    -Tryptophan-niacin
    -Heme
    -Sphingolipids
    -converts THF- 5,10methylene THF
    -Gene expression

    Special notes Methyl-folate trap Methyl-folate trap Homocysteine-cystathionine-


    -deficiency in B12 keeps 5-methyl cysteine
    THF trapped in that instead of
    becoming THF
    -creates higher homocysteine levels
    (CVD)
    -impaired DNA synthesis
    -Folate can overcome B12 deficiency
    by having enough Folic acid, can fix
    the anemia
    -RDA pregnant 400ug, 600DFE
    (neuro tube defects)
    Populations at risk Chronic alcoholism, malabsorptive Older people, vegetarians + vegans, Chronic alcoholism, older adults,
    disorder, pregnant people, parietal cell destruction (pernicious systemic inflammation, L-dopa
    malabsorptive disorder, MTHFR anemia and atrophic gastritis), Parkinsons, isoniazid
    polymorphism, dialysis alkaline pH
    Distal ileum resection, gastric bypass,
    CROHNS and CELIAC
    Deficiency Bright red tongue, glossitis, -Tired, fatigue, skin pallor, Rare, dermatitis, weakness, fatigue,
    shortening of villi in GI tract, hematological and neurological cheilosis, glossitis, angular stoma,
    megaloblastic, macrocytic, systems, neurological (unsteady gait)
    hyperchromic -megaloblastic macrocytic anemia microcytic hypochromic anemia
    -parietal cell destruction
    Toxicity 1000ug none 100mg, >200-neurological problems
    Excess folic acid can mask B12
    deficiency
    N-N Zinc deficiency 500mg Vit C and Cobalt deficiency Change in AA pool
    Synergistic relationship with B12 Niacin dificiency

    N-M Carbamazepine, metformin, oral Proton-pump inhibitors, H2 blockers, Isoniazid, oral contraceptives, L-dopa
    contraceptives, furosemide oral contraceptives, metformin Parkinsons

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