SHEARING STRESSES IN BEAMS:

S
O
If a beam were composed of many thin layers placed on each other, bending

AM
would produce the effect as shown in the figure. Thus, a built-up beam is
weaker compared to solid beam.

R
N
O
YN
E
R
R
G
N
E
Consider a beam loaded as shown;

S
O
AM
R
N
O
YN
E
R
R
G

𝑑𝐹 = 𝜏𝑏𝑑𝑥
N

∴ due to bending (compressive) a horizontal thrust is produced

E
 S
𝐻1 = 𝜎1 𝑑𝐴 ෍ 𝐹𝐻 = 0 +→

O
AM
𝑑𝐹 = 𝐻2 − 𝐻1

𝑑𝐹 = 𝜎2 𝑑𝐴 − 𝜎1 𝑑𝐴

R
𝑀𝑦
𝜎=

N
𝐼
𝐻2 = 𝜎2 𝑑𝐴
𝑀2 𝑐 𝑀1 𝑐

O
𝑑𝐹 = න 𝑦𝑑𝐴 − න 𝑦𝑑𝐴
𝐼 𝑦1 𝐼 𝑦1

YN
𝑀2 − 𝑀1 𝑐
𝑑𝐹 = න 𝑦𝑑𝐴

E
𝐼 𝑦1
R 𝑑𝐹 = 𝜏𝑏𝑑𝑥
R
𝑀2 − 𝑀1 𝑐
G

𝜏𝑏𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑦𝑑𝐴
𝐼 𝑦1
N

𝑀2 − 𝑀1 = 𝑑𝑀
E
‫ = 𝐴𝑑𝑦 ׬‬sum of moment of the differential area 𝑑𝐴 about the neutral

S
O
axis, equals to 𝐴′𝑦.
ത A variation of the product 𝐴′𝑦ത is the symbol 𝑄 ,
which represents the static moment of area or first moment of area.

AM
𝑀2 − 𝑀1 𝑐
𝜏𝑏𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑦𝑑𝐴
𝐼 𝜎1 𝑑𝐴

R
𝑦1

𝑑𝑀 𝑐

N
𝜏= න 𝑦𝑑𝐴
𝐼𝑏𝑑𝑥 𝑦1

O
𝑑𝑀
=𝑉

YN
𝑑𝑥 𝜎2 𝑑𝐴

E
𝑐
න 𝑦𝑑𝐴 = 𝑄
𝑦1 R
R
G

𝑉𝑄
𝜏=
𝐼𝑏
N
E
❑ Shear Flow:

S
▪ Multiplying the shear stress 𝜏 by the width 𝑏, we obtain the quantity

O
𝑞.

AM
▪ It represents the longitudinal force per unit length.

R
𝑉
𝑞 = 𝜏𝑏 = 𝑄 𝑄 = 𝐴′𝑦ത
𝐼

N
❑ Rectangular Section: 𝑉
𝜏= 𝐴′𝑦ത

O
𝑉 𝐼𝑏
𝜏= 𝑄

YN
𝐼𝑏 𝑉 𝑑 1 𝑑
𝜏= 𝑏 −𝑦 𝑦+ −𝑦
𝐼𝑏 2 2 2

E
R 𝜏=
𝑉 𝑑2
2𝐼 4
− 𝑦2 At any section
R
G
N
E
 S
For maximum shear stress, occurs at the neutral axis;

O
AM
𝑉 𝑏𝑑 𝑑
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝑏𝑑 3 2 4
𝑏
12

R
N
3 𝑉 3𝑉

O
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = =
2 𝑏𝑑 2𝐴

YN
E
R
R
G
N
E
Illustrative Problem - 1:

S
Determine the maximum and minimum shearing stress in the web of the

O
wide flange section as shown in the figure if 𝑉 = 100 𝑘𝑁. Also, determine

AM
the percentage of vertical shear force carried by the web.

R
N
O
YN
E
R
R
G
N
E
E
N
G
R
R
E
YN
O
N
R
AM
O
S
E
N
G
R
R
E
YN
O
N
R
AM
O
S
E
N
G
R
R
E
YN
O
N
R
AM
O
S
E
N
G
R
R
E
YN
O
N
R
AM
O
S
Illustrative Problem - 2:

S
A timber beam 80 𝑚𝑚 wide by 160 𝑚𝑚 deep is subjected to a vertical shear

O
force 𝑉 = 40 𝑘𝑁. Determine the shearing stress developed at layers

AM
20 𝑚𝑚 from the top of the section.

R
N
O
YN
E
R
R
G
N
E
E
N
G
R
R
E
YN
O
N
R
AM
O
S
E
N
G
R
R
E
YN
O
N
R
AM
O
S
E
N
G
R
R
E
YN
O
N
R
AM
O
S
E
N
G
R
R
E
YN
O
N
R
AM
O
S
Illustrative Problem - 3:

S
A uniformly distributed load of 200 𝑙𝑏Τ𝑓𝑡 is carried on the entire span

O
of a simply supported beam with the section as shown in the figure.

AM
Determine the maximum length of the beam if the shear stress is limited
to 100 𝑝𝑠𝑖.

R
N
O
YN
E
R
R
G
N
E
E
N
G
R
R
E
YN
O
N
R
AM
O
S
E
N
G
R
R
E
YN
O
N
R
AM
O
S
Illustrative Problem - 4:

S
O
A simply supported beam 120mm wide by 180mm deep and 6m long carries a

AM
uniformly distributed load of 4 𝑘𝑁Τ𝑚 as shown in the figure. Determine
the following;

R
a) The maximum shear stress developed in the beam

N
b) The shearing stress developed at horizontal layer 30mm apart from
top to bottom from a section 1m from the left end.

O
YN
E
R
R
G
N
E
E
N
G
R
R
E
YN
O
N
R
AM
O
S
E
N
G
R
R
E
YN
O
N
R
AM
O
S
E
N
G
R
R
E
YN
O
N
R
AM
O
S
E
N
G
R
R
E
YN
O
N
R
AM
O
S
Illustrative Problem - 5:

S
The manufactured wood beam carries the concentrated loads as shown.

O
Determine the maximum value of 𝑃 if the working stress in shear is

AM
6 𝑀𝑃𝑎.

R
N
O
YN
E
R
R
G
N
E
E
N
G
R
R
E
YN
O
N
R
AM
O
S
E
N
G
R
R
E
YN
O
N
R
AM
O
S
E
N
G
R
R
E
YN
O
N
R
AM
O
S
E
N
G
R
R
E
YN
O
N
R
AM
O
S
Problem Set - 1:

S
O
For the beam shown in the figure, determine the shear stress at a point
30mm above the bottom of the beam at section C.

AM
R
N
O
YN
E
R
R
G
N
E
Problem Set - 2:

S
O
The simply supported beam is constructed of 20mm thick timber boards as
shown. Determine the largest permissible value of the load 𝑤𝑜 if the

AM
working stress in the wood is 1.2 𝑀𝑃𝑎.

R
N
O
YN
E
R
R
G
N
E
Problem Set - 3:

S
O
The beam consists of two S460x104 sections that are welded together as
shown carries a uniformly distributed load of 𝑤𝑜 = 220 𝑘𝑁Τ𝑚, determine

AM
the maximum shear stress in the beam.

R
N
O
YN
Properties of S460x104:

E
𝐴 = 13200 𝑚𝑚2
𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ , 𝑑 = 457𝑚𝑚
𝑊𝑒𝑏 𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠, 𝑡𝑤 = 18.1𝑚𝑚
R
R
𝐹𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒:
G

𝐹𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ, 𝑤𝑓 = 159𝑚𝑚

N

𝐹𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠, 𝑡𝑓 = 17.6𝑚𝑚

E