MOVING LOADS:

In shear and bending moment of beams, maximum bending moment occurs where

S
the shear force is zero; usually zero shears occurs under a concentrated

O
load and so the maximum bending moment.

AM
Structures that usually carries these types of loadings are;
▪ Bridges

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E
▪ Overhead Cranes

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❑ Single Moving Load, the maximum bending moment occurs when the load is
at the center of the beam and maximum shear force occurs when the load

S
O
is near the support (assume to lie on the support).

AM
Position for Maximum Shear Force:

R
Vmax = R1 = R 2

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E
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N
E
Position for Maximum Bending Moment:

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O
AM
R
N
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YN
E
R
R
PL
G

Mmax =
N

4
E
❑ Two Moving Loads:
where:

S
O
Pa = smaller load

AM
Pb = larger load
d = distance between the axle loads

R
P = Pa + Pb

N
Pa < Pb

O
YN
Location of maximum shear occurs when the larger load is over

E
that support.
R
R
The maximum bending moment is given by;
G
N

2
PL − Pa d
Mmax =
E

4PL
Three or More Moving Loads:

S
A truck or other vehicles rolling across a beam or girder constitute a

O
system of concentrated loads at fixed distance from one another. For a

AM
beam carrying three or more loads, the maximum bending moment occurs
under one of the loads.
Consider a series of loads:

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YN
E
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N
E
where:
R = P1 + P2 + P3 + P4 = resultant of the loads

S
e = distance of resultant from P2

O
AM
෍ 𝑀𝑅2 = 0

R
𝑅1 𝐿 = 𝑅 𝐿 − 𝑥 − 𝑒

N
𝑅
𝑅1 = 𝐿 − 𝑥 − 𝑒
𝐿

O
consider the load P2

YN
E
෍ 𝑀𝑃2 = ෍ 𝑀
𝐿
R
R
𝑀𝑃2 = 𝑅1 𝑥 − 𝑃1 𝑎
G

𝑅
N

𝑀𝑃2 = 𝐿 − 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑃1 𝑎
𝐿
E
For moment to become maximum differentiate MP2 with respect to x and equate to zero;
R

S
MP2 = L − x − e x − P1 a
L

O
dMP2 R

AM
= L − x − e 1 + x(−1)
dx L

R
dMP2 R
= L − 2x − e

N
dx L

O
dMP2
=0

YN
dx

E
L − 2x − e = 0

R
L R
L − 2x − e = 0
G
N

L e 1
x= − = L−e
E

2 2 2
Rule: The bending moment under a particular load is maximum when the
center of the beam is midway between that load and the resultant of all

S
the loads then at the span.

O
The maximum shear force occurs at the reaction where the resultant load

AM
is nearest.

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N
O
YN
E
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R
G
N
E
Illustrative Problem:
A truck and trailer combination having the axle loads as shown in the

S
figure rolls across the simply supported beam with a span of 12 meters.

O
Determine the maximum shear force and bending moment and draw the shear

AM
and bending moment diagrams where the maximum moment occurs.

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N
O
YN
E
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N
E
E
N
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E
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YN
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AM
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S
Illustrative Problem:
A truck and trailer combination having the axle loads as shown in the

S
figure rolls across the simply supported beam with a span of 10 meters.

O
Determine the maximum shear force and bending moment and draw the shear
and bending moment diagrams where the maximum moment occurs.

AM
R
N
O
YN
E
R
R
G
N
E
E
N
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E
YN
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N
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E
N
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Problem Sets:

S
1) A truck and trailer combination having the axle loads as shown in the

O
figure rolls across the simply supported beam with a span of 10 meters.

AM
Determine the maximum shear force and bending moment and draw the shear
and bending moment diagrams where the maximum moment occurs.

R
N
O
YN
E
R
R
G
N
E
Problem Sets:

S
2) A truck and trailer combination having the axle loads as shown in the

O
figure rolls across the simply supported beam with a span of 13 meters.

AM
Determine the maximum shear force and bending moment and draw the shear
and bending moment diagrams where the maximum moment occurs.

R
N
O
YN
E
R
R
G
N
E
Problem Sets:

S
3) A truck and trailer combination having the axle loads as shown in the

O
figure rolls across the simply supported beam with a span of 12 meters.

AM
Determine the maximum shear force and bending moment and draw the shear
and bending moment diagrams where the maximum moment occurs.

R
N
O
YN
E
R
R
G
N
E