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‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫• ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٤‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﳓﻤﺪﻩ ﻭﻧﺴﺘﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﻧﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻌﻮﺫ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻭﺭ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻨﺎ ﻭﺳﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻳﻬﺪﻩ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻼ ﻣﻀﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻳﻀﻠﻞ ﻓﻼ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪﹰﺍ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺻ ﱢﻞ ﻭﺳﻠﱢﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴ‪‬ﺪﻧﺎ ﻭﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﳏﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺻﺤﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﹸﻛﻠﱠﻤﺎ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻ ﱢﻞ‬
‫ﺻ ﱢﻞ ﻭﺳﻠﱢﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﲔ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺃﻓﻀ ﹶﻞ ﻭﺃﻛﺜ ‪‬ﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﱢﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﹸﻛﻠﱠﻤﺎ ﹶﻏ ﹶﻔ ﹶﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻓﻠﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺯﻛﻰٰ ﻣﺎ ﺻﻠﱠﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻘﻚ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺻﺪﻕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﲑ ﺍﳍﺪﻱ ﻫﺪﻱ ﳏﻤﺪ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﺷﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ‬
‫ﳏﺪﺛﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﳏﺪﺛﺔ ﺑﺪﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺑﺪﻋﺔ ﺿﻼﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺿﻼﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ ‪] 
       Æ Å‬ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺪ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﺄﻣﺮ ‪ ‬ﻧﹺﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪ ‬ﺑﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪
Q
P  :‬‬ ‫‪، [٩‬‬

‫‪  S

R‬ﻃﻪ‪.[١١٤ :‬‬

‫ﻭﹺﺇ ﱠﻥ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ..‬ﺃﻥ ﳛﻤﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻤ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﻭﻳﻨﺸﺮﻭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻕ ﲢﺼﻴﻞ‬‫ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﲢﻘﻴ ‪‬ﻖ ﹸﻛ‪‬ﺘﹺﺒﻬﹺﻢ ﻭﻧﺸﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻃﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻖ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﻃﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﺘﺒﻮﺍ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺏ ﻣﻌﺪﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺐ ﳎﺪﺩ‬
‫ﳎﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﺘﺤﻘﻴ ﹺﻖ ﻛﺘﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺩﺭﻳﺲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﱯ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﻪ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺷﻴﺨﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﻭﻛﻼﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻭﻗﺮﺃﻩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺫﻟﻜﻢ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺑـ‪$ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.#‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻔﻰٰ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎ‪‬ﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻄﻲ‪ #‬ﺗ ﹾﻘ ﹺﺮ‪‬ﻳﻈﹰﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻠ ﹺﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺎ‪‬ﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻔﻰٰ ‪ $‬ﻣ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﻘﺘﺒﺲ ﺑﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﻪ ‪$‬ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‪) #‬ﺹ‪.(١٦‬‬
 ‫‪٥‬‬

‫ﺱ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻲ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺨﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛﻔﹶﺎﱐ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫» ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﹺﺇﻋ‪‬ﻼﻣ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻘﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻘﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻏ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻩ«)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺃﺳﺄ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻮ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ َ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺃﹶﻫ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻨﺎﻋﱵ ﺑﺄﱐ ﻟﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﹶﻫ ﹸﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪6 789‬א‪
3 45‬א‪
0102‬ع‪ K‬‬

‫ﺏ ﺃﲨﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺄﰐ‪:‬‬
‫ﺠﻌ‪‬ﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺃﺳﺒﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﳑﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬‬
‫‪-١‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﺩ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻪ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻤﺪﺓ‬
‫ﰲ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٢‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﲔ ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟﱢﻠﻬﹺﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻋﲏ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٣‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰎ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪-٤‬ﺍﺷﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻣﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻓﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻧﺎﳍﺎ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬
‫ﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﻫﺬﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٥‬ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺒﻬﻢ؛ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻇﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﹰﺎ ﳑﻦ ﻳﻌﺘﲏ ﺑﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺰﻭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻭﻳﻨﺴﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٦‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﱯ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻮ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻟﹸﻪ‬
‫ﺕ ﱂ ﻳﻘﻠﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﺼﺐ ﻷﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ –ﻻ ﺷﻚ– ﻻ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻳﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺁﺭﺍﺅﻩ ﺍﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪﹰﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺣﱴ ﲣﺮﳚ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﻌﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٧‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﻗﻮﺍ ﹰﻻ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻟﻸﺋﻤﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ‪-‬ﺭﲪﻬﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪.-‬‬
‫‪-٨‬ﺣﺮﺻﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﲨﻌﻮﺍ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﻧﺼﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷﻓﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﰲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﱵ‪.‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻗﺘﺒﺎﺱ ﺑﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺷﺎﻛﺮ ‪ ‬ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻪ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ‪$‬ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‪ #‬ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ )ﺹ‪.(٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻗﺘﺒﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﲨﻠﺔ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ )‪ (٦٨٤/٢‬ﻭﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﻨﻮﻱ )‪..(٢١/١‬‬
‫‪ ٦‬‬

‫‪-٩‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻇﻞ ﳐﻄﻮﻃﹰﺎ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺍﺛﲏ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻗﺮﻧﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺇﻥ ﻧﺸﺮﻩ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﻐﻠﲔ ﺑﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻛﺘﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪-١٠‬ﺍﺷﺘﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﺏ ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ‪$‬ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺃﺻﻮﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻗﺪ ﲨﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﻓﻘﻪ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﻭﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﻓﻘﻬﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻁ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠ ﹺﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭﺏ‪ ‬ﻃﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ ﹺ‬
‫‪-١١‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫‪٧‬‬

‫‪ 5‬א ‪ ;<7‬‬

‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻭﻗﺴﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﻗﺴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﺎﺷﺘﻤﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺷﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺼﻠﲔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﲟﺆﻟﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ؛ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﲰﻪ ﻭﻧﺴﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻭﻻﺩﺗﻪ ﻭﻧﺸﺄﺗﻪ ﻭﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ :‬ﺷﻴﻮﺧﻪ ﻭﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻄﻠﺒﺎﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺷﻴﻮﺧﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪:‬ﳏﻨﺘﻪ ﻭﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻄﻠﺒﺎﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﳏﻨﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﻬﻪ ﻭﻣﺼﻨﻔﺎﺗﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺩﺭﺳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﱰﻟﺘﻪ ﺑﲔ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻧﺴﺦ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ[‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺍﶈﻘﻖ ]ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪-١‬ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٢‬ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٣‬ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻳﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٤‬ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٥‬ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٦‬ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪-٧‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٨‬‬

‫'?>=א ‪ ;<7‬‬
‫ﲟﺸﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺃﺳﲑ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻵﰐ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺿﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻣﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻼ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﳍﺎ ﺑـ)ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻐﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻧﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ )ﺃ( ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺴﻮﺥ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺴﻮﺥ ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﻔﺮﺩﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻣﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻼ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﱐ ﺃﺿﻊ ﲢﺘﻪ ‪‬ﺧﻄ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺘﻘ ﱢﻄﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﲎ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﻔﺮﺩﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ )ﺏ( )ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ( ﻓﺈﱐ ﺃﺿﻌﻪ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻌﻘﻮﻓﺘﲔ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ] [‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻛﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺶ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴ‪‬ﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻌﻘﻮﻓﺘﲔ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺸﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺶ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ ﻳﻮﺿﺤﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﳑﺎ ﺍﻧﻔﺮﺩﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﲢﺘﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺘﻘﻄﻊ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﳑﺎ ﺍﻧﻔﺮﺩﺕ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺺ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ )ﻡ( ﻓﺈﱐ ﻻ ﺃﺷﲑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ )ﻡ( ﻓﺮﻉ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻼ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻕ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﺒﺚ؛ ﻷﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﻊ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺳﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻴﺚ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻨﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳓﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﰲ ﺍﳌﱳ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺷﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺟﺰﹺﻡ ﲞﻄﺌﻪ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﻭﻭﺿﻌﻪ ﺑﲔ ﻗﻮﺳﲔ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ) (‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺶ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﺇﻥ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺞ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻭﺿﻊ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺎﺋﻞ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ )‪ (/‬ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺶ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻣﻨﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺰﻭ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻧﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﱐ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺳﻌﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺰﻭ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻓﻴﻜﺘﻔﻰ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻓﻴﺘﻢ ﻋﺰﻭﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﺷﺮﹰﺍ‪ :‬ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﳋﻼﻑ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٩‬‬

‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ –ﻳﺮﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،-‬ﻭﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺬﺍﻫﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺒﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﹰﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﺰﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﳐﺘﺼﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ ﺑﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺿﺒﻂ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ :‬ﻭﺿﻊ ﻓﻬﺎﺭﺱ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺮﺑﺔ ﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺳﻠﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺻﺤﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺃﲨﻌﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ١٠‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫‪١١‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﲟﺆﻟﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﲰﻪ ﻭﻧﺴﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻭﻻﺩﺗﻪ ﻭﻧﺸﺄﺗﻪ ﻭﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ :‬ﺷﻴﻮﺧﻪ ﻭﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻄﻠﺒﺎﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺷﻴﻮﺧﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪:‬ﳏﻨﺘﻪ ﻭﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻄﻠﺒﺎﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﳏﻨﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﻬﻪ ﻭﻣﺼﻨﻔﺎﺗﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺩﺭﺳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﱰﻟﺘﻪ ﺑﲔ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻧﺴﺦ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ١٢‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﲟﺆﻟﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪،‬‬

‫ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﲰﻪ ﻭﻧﺴﺒﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻭﻻﺩﺗﻪ ﻭﻧﺸﺄﺗﻪ ﻭﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ :‬ﺷﻴﻮﺧﻪ ﻭﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻄﻠﺒﺎﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪:‬ﳏﻨﺘﻪ ﻭﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻄﻠﺒﺎﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﻬﻪ ﻭﻣﺼﻨﻔﺎﺗﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺩﺭﺳﻪ‪.‬‬
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‫א‪;<72‬א‪B‬ول‪W‬א‪ F‬و‪.(١) 7DE‬‬

‫ﻫﻮ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﳉﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﻴﻔﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺣﻠﻘﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ﻣﻮﻻﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨﺴِﺒﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﺟﻢ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻔﺮﺩ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ ‪-‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻃﻠﻌﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ -‬ﺑﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻻﻫﻢ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭ ﹶﻏ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮﻩ‪ ‬ﻳﻨﺴﺒﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﺖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻨﺴﺒﺘﻪ ﻟﻘﺮﻳﺶ ﺃﺻ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺏ ﺇﱃ ‪$‬ﺑﻮﻳﻂ‪ #‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻗﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻯ ﺻﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺍﻷﺩﱏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﺎﻗﻮﺕ ﺍﳊﻤﻮﻱ‪$" :‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻳﻂ‪- #‬ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻢ ﰒ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪ -‬ﻗﺮﻳ ﹲﺔ ﺑﺼﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﺼ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﺏ ‪$‬ﺑﻮﺻﲑ‬
‫ﻀﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﱃ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﳘﺎ ﻳﻨﺴﺐ ﺃﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻀﺎ‪ :‬ﻗﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻮﺭﺓ ‪$‬ﺳﻴﻮﻁ‪ #‬ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻌﻴﺪ ﺃﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﻳﺪﺱ‪ ...#‬ﻭ‪$‬ﺑﻮﻳﻂ‪ #‬ﺃﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﳌﺪﺭﺱ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ")‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ )ﺕ‪ ،(٢٣٥/٩) (٣٢٧ :‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ )ﺕ‪ ،(٥١٤/١) (٣٤٧ :‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺓ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻟﻠﻜﻨﺪﻱ )ﺕ‪) (٣٥٥ :‬ﺹ‪ (٣٢٠‬ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻟﻠﻨﺪﱘ )ﺕ‪) (٤٣٨ :‬ﺹ‪ ،(٢٦٢‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ )ﺕ‪) (٤٥٨:‬ﺹ‪ ،(٧‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻟﻠﺨﻄﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩﻱ )ﺕ‪ ،(٢٩٩/١٤) (٤٦٣ :‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﱪ )ﺕ‪) (٤٦٣ :‬ﺹ‪ ،(١٦٨‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﺸﲑﺍﺯﻱ )ﺕ‪) (٤٧٦ :‬ﺹ‪ ،(٩٨‬ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺎﺏ ﻟﻠﺴﻤﻌﺎﱐ‬
‫)ﺕ‪ ،(٣٣٩/٢) (٥٦٢ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ )ﺕ‪ ،(١٧٤/١١) (٥٩٧ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺏ ﰲ ‪‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺎﺏ ﻻﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺛﲑ ﺍﳉﺰﺭﻱ )ﺕ‪ ،(١٨٩/١) (٦٣٠ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺛﲑ )ﺕ‪ (١٠٣/٦) (٦٣٠ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ )ﺕ‪ ،(٦٨١/٢) (٦٤٣ :‬ﻭﻓﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﻜﺎﻥ )ﺕ‪،(٦١/٧) (٦٨١ :‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﰲ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻷﰊ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﺍﺀ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﲪﺎﺓ )ﺕ‪ ،(٣٦/٢) (٧٣٢ :‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻤﺰﻱ‬
‫)ﺕ‪ (٤٧٢/٣٢) ،(٧٤٢:‬ﺳﲑ ﺃﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ ﻟﻠﺬﻫﱯ )ﺕ‪ ،(٥٨/١٢) (٧٤٨ :‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻟﻠﺬﻫﱯ )ﺕ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ،(٤٢٢/١٧) (٧٤٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﱪ ﰲ ﺧﱪ ﻣﻦ ﻏﱪ ﻟﻠﺬﻫﱯ )ﺕ‪ ،(٣٢٣/١) (٧٤٨ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺴﺒﻜﻲ )ﺕ‪ ،(١٦٢/٢) (٧٧١ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﻨﻮﻱ )ﺕ‪ ،(٢٠/١) (٧٧٢ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ ﻟﻼﺳﻨﻮﻱ‬
‫)‪ ،(١٤٢/١‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﲔ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ )ﺕ‪ ،(١٥٩/١) (٧٧٤ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺷﻬﺒﺔ‬
‫)ﺕ‪ (٧٠/١) (٨٥١ :‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ )ﺕ‪ ،(٤٦٣/٤) (٨٥٢:‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‬
‫)ﺕ‪) (٨٥٢:‬ﺹ‪ ،(١٠٩٦‬ﺇﻧﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﻤﺮ ﺑﺄﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ )ﺕ‪ ،(٨٥٢:‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﶈﺎﺿﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻣﺼﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ )ﺕ‪ ،(٣٠٦/١) (٩١١ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ )ﺕ‪) (١٠١٤ :‬ﺹ‪،(١٦‬‬
‫ﺷﺬﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﳊﻨﺒﻠﻲ )ﺕ‪ (٧١/٢) (١٠٨٩ :‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺳﺘﻐﲏ ﺑﺈﺛﺒﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﻭﻣﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﻔﺮﺩﺕ ﺑﺬﻛﺮﻩ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﺈﱐ ﺃﻭﺛﻘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(١٠٩٦‬‬
‫‪ ١٤‬‬

‫ﻭﱂ ﺗﺴﻌﻔﻨﺎ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺎﻥ‪.‬‬

‫א‪;<72‬א ‪W&E G‬و‪I‬د‪ #‬و‪ #HE‬وو ‪ K #‬‬

‫ﻳﻮﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺆﺭﺥ ﻟﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻧﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺑﺬﻛﺮ ﻭﻻﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ..‬ﳌﺎ ﹶﻓﺮ‪‬ﻃﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻏﺮﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺒﺨﻞ ﻓﻼ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻨﺎ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺸﺄﺗﻪ ‪ ، ‬ﻓﻜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﳎﻬﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺃﻧﻪ ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻗﺪﻭ ﹺﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑﱢﺜ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻌﻠﻮﻣﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﲡﺘﺬﺑﻪ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪-‬ﺭﲪﻬﻢ ﺍﷲ ﲨﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪.-‬‬
‫"ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﲑﰲ)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ‪$‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻚ ‪ ،# ‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹸﺃ ﹾﻛ‪‬ﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹶﺓ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑﻘﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫@ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‬‫ﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻛﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺎﻣﻲ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬ ‫ﷲ ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﻬﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺮﺃﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎ َﺀ؛ ﺭﺟﺎ َﺀ ﹶﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﺮ‪‬ﻳﲏ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ!‪.‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﲑﰲ‪@ :-‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﺸﻬﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺮﻯ ‪‬ﺭﹾﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ .‬ﻭ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺭﺃﻱ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ!‪...‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﲑﰲ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻞ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ‪$‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﻪ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ :#‬ﺳﺄﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻠﺖ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﺘﻪ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺜﻘﻞ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪$‬ﺳﺄﻟﺖ‪ #‬ﻭ‪$ :‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻀﺎ‪ $ :‬ﺳ‪‬ﺌ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ‪.(٣)"...#‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ )‪.(٥١٣/١‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺎﺏ ﻟﻠﺴﻤﻌﺎﱐ )‪:(٣٣٩/٢‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﻟﻘﺐ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﲑﺍﺯﻱ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ‬‫"ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺃﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﲑﺍﺯﻱ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺷﲑﺍﺯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﲤﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﲤﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻴﺪﻯ‪ ،‬ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻮﻧﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺪ ﺑﺒﻮﻳﻂ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﰱ ﰲ ﺭﺟﺐ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺏ ﰲ ‪‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺎﺏ )‪.(١٨٩/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﺮﻳﺞ‪) ،‬ﺕ‪ ،(٣٣٠ :‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪.(١٨٦/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ )‪.(٦٨٣-٦٨٢/٢‬‬
 ‫‪١٥‬‬

‫ﺐ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬

‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺬﻫ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﻛﺒ ‪‬ﲑ ﺍﻟﺴ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋﻈﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺭ ﳌﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﳛﲕٰ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪‬؛ ﰲ ‪‬ﻛ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﺮ‬
‫ﺏ ﻳﻮﺳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﲟﺼ ‪‬ﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪ‪ " :‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻤﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﻪ )ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ( ﺃﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ")‪.(١‬‬
‫‪‬ﺳﻨ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻼﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺔ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬

‫ﰲ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺪ ﰲ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ﺗﻜﺎﺩ ﲡﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻮﰲ‬
‫ﺍﶈﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﺟﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻔﺮﺩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺤﺤ‪‬ﻪ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍ َﻷ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﳋﻄﻴ ﹺ‬‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩﻱ‪‬؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ﺭﺟﺐ ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‪ :‬ﻭﺷﻬﺪﺕ ﺟﻨﺎﺯﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺒﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳚﺐ")‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﻛﺜ ﹴﲑ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﱐ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺩﻓﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﻴﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﲪﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﰲ‬
‫ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻘﻴ‪ ‬ﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻓﻦ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ"‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﳝﻮﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺃﻳﺘﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻧﺼﺎﻑ ﺳﺎﻗﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻐﻠﻮﻟﺔ ﻳﺪﺍﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ")‪.(٥‬‬

‫א‪;<72‬א ‪ 50W; G‬و‪،LM'N#‬و ' ‪ 7‬ن‪ W‬‬

‫א‪ 2‬א‪B‬ول‪ K 50W‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺇﱃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﳌﺎﺩ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻨﺸﺄ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﳑﺎ ﺃﺛﱠﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘ‪‬ﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺸﻴﻮﺧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺮ‪‬ﻭﻑ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺷﻴﻮﺧﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﻷﻗﺮﺍﻥﹶ‪،‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻓﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺩﺭﻳﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻻﺯ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺓ ﻭ‪‬ﺟﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ ﰲ ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﺳﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﺀ )ﺹ‪.(١٦٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ )‪ ،(٥١٤/١‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ )‪ ،(٣٠٣/١٤‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٠٩٦‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ )‪.(٣٠٣/١٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻈﻢ )‪ ،(١٧٥/١١‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ )‪ (٤٧٦/٣٢‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﲔ )‪.(١٦٠/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺎﺏ )‪ ،(٣٣٩/٢‬ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺏ ﰲ ‪‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺎﺏ )‪.(١٨٩/١‬‬
‫‪ ١٦‬‬

‫"ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻳﺄﺳﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻓﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﺖ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺑﺎ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻟﻚ ﳏﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﺭﺍﻙ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳍﻴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻨﻌﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﱄ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﻟﻴﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻮﺍﺿﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﻪ ﰱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻗﻂ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﻛﺎﳌﻘﺸﻌﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻴﺒﺘﻪ")‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻭﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺪ‪‬ﺙ ﻋﻨﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺑﺸﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨﻴﺴﻲ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫א‪ 2‬א ‪ KLM'N#W&E G‬‬

‫ﺟﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺭﻳﺲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺷﻴﺨﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻔﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻠﻘﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺘﻠﻤﺬ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺧﻼﺋﻖ‪ ،‬ﲪﻠﻮﺍ ﻓﻘﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﻧﺸﺮﻭﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻵﻓﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﹸﻛﹸﺜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻼﻣﻴ ‪‬ﺬ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ‪‬ﻋﺮﹺﻓﺖ‬
‫ﺃﲰﺎﺅﻫﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻭﻭﺍ ﻋﻨﻪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻷﺛﺮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺩﺭﻳﺲ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺯﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﳌﻜﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﳊﺮﰊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮ ﺧﲑ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻯ ﺍﳋﻮﻻﱐ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٨‬ﺻﺎﱀ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺯﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٩‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻣﻲ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٠‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺴﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-١١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ )‪.(٦٢/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺎﺏ ﻟﻠﺴﻤﻌﺎﱐ )‪ ،(٣٣٩/٢‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ )‪ ،(٤٧٢/٣٢‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪.(٤٦٣/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ )‪ ،(٣٧٧/٧‬ﻭﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺑﺸﺮ ﰲ ﺳﲑ ﺃﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ )‪.(٥٠٧/٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪.(٣٠٣/٢‬‬
 ‫‪١٧‬‬

‫‪ -١٠‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١١‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﺼﻴﺼﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٢‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺴﻲ ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٣‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻬﻞ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻀﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻭﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻫﻠﻲ )ﻭ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﲪﻞ ﻛﺘﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺇﱃ ﲞﺎﺭﻯ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٤‬ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻤﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ )‪ ،(٢٩٩/١٤‬ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺎﺏ ﻟﻠﺴﻤﻌﺎﱐ )‪ ،(٣٣٩/٢‬ﻭﻓﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ )‪ ،(٦١/٧‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫)‪.(٤٧٣/٣٢‬‬
‫‪ ١٨‬‬

‫א‪;<72‬א א‪ 4?TWOP‬و‪Q ?S‬א ‪، Q R$‬و ' ‪ 7‬ن‪ W‬‬
‫א‪ 2‬א‪B‬ول‪ K 4?TW‬‬
‫ﺳﻌﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ)‪ ،(١‬ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺅﺍﺩ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺍﱄ ﻣﺼﺮ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻣﺘﺤﻨﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﳚﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﱄ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﲏ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﲞﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺣﻘﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ )‪ ،(٢٢٣/٢‬ﻭﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ )‪ (٢٤٠/٣‬ﻟﻮﻛﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻞ ﺳﻮﺀ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺓ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻷﰊ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺪﻱ )ﺹ‪ (٣٢٠‬ﻭ)ﺹ‪ (٣٢٢‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﺧﻴﺜﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﳌﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ ﺑﺎﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﲨﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺒﻖ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻘﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳏﺪﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻣﺆﺫﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺑﺎﶈﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺮﺏ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻠﺌﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﻥ ﳑﻦ ﺃﻧﻜﺮ ﺍﶈﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ ﺑﺎﻻﻛﺘﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ‪» :‬ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﺭﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻕ«"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪) :‬ﺹ‪ (٣٣٣‬ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺴﻄﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺳﺄﹶﻟﺖ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻧﺪﻣﺖ ﺃﱠﻻ ﺃﻛﻮﻥ ﺳﺄﹶﻟﺘﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻷﱐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺑﲏ ﺑﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﺃﺳﺄﹶﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﻇ ‪‬ﻦ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﻙ ﻭﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻟﻚ )‪ (١٥٦/٤‬ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻋﻴﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ ﺍﻷﺻﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺘﺰﻟﻴﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﻦ ﺑﲏ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻭﺍﳊﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﳍ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺍﻹﻓﺮﻳﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﶈﻦ )ﺹ‪ (٤٥٧‬ﻋﻦ ﺯﻫﲑ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺳ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻨ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺚ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻴﺚ‪‬؛ ﺣﻴ ﹸ‬
‫ﺠﻬ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻲ‬
‫ﻱ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ )‪" :(٢٥/١٦‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹼﻲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﱠﻠﻴ‪‬ﺚ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺑﻦ ﺷﺪ‪‬ﺍﺩ ﺍﻹﻳﺎﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳋﻮﺍ ﹺﺭﺯ‪‬ﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﳓﻮ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺸ ﹺﺮ ﺳﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﲑﺓ ﰲ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻣﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻛﹼﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺎﺋﺐ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻠﻖ ﳊﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﺑﹺﻤﺼﺮ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﲟﺼﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ...‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻌ ﹶ‬
‫ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻴﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﺮﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻄﻮﻑ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲪﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹸﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺠﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﹺﺈﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺇﻧﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺟﻌﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ ‬ﻻ ﺗﺄﺟﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﰲ ﻣﺼﻴﺒﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻇﺎﳌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺅﻭﺱ ﺍﳉﻬﻤﻴ‪‬ﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ‪-‬ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ (٢٢/١٧) -‬ﻭ)‪ ،(٤٢٣/١٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺮﺓ ﰱ ﻣﻠﻮﻙ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‬
‫)‪ (٢٤٦/٢‬ﻟﻴﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﺗﻐﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ )‪ (٢٨٩/٢‬ﻣﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺅﻭﺱ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻬﻤﻴ‪‬ﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢٥٣‬ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﺍﳌﻀﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ )‪] (٣٩/٢‬ﻃﺒﻌﺔ ﻣﲑ ﳏﻤﺪ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺐ ﺧﺎﻧﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﺗﺸﻲ[‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﳌﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺎﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑ ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ »ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺧﺎﻟﻘﻪ« ﻓﺎﻣﺘﺤﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺱ ﻭﻣﻠﺌﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎﺱ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻹﺻﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻀﺎﺓ ﻣﺼﺮ )ﺹ‪ ٤٠٣‬ﻭ‪ ٤٠٤‬ﻭ‪.(٤٠٩‬‬
 ‫‪١٩‬‬

‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺘﺪﻱ ﰊ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻤﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺭﻃﻞ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺪﻱ‪" :‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺛﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺛﲏ ﺍﺑﻦ ﹸﻗﺪ‪‬ﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ ...» :‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺃﰊ ﺩﺅﺍﺩ ﺇﱃ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ ﻳﺄﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﶈﻨﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﻻﻳﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺃﺳ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﻤﻞ ‪‬ﻧﻌ‪‬ﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﲪ‪‬ﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒﻮ‪‬ﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧ‪‬ﺸﻨﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﺪ‪‬ﺙ ﰲ ﲨﻊ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺳﻮﺍﻫﻢ«)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﱪ‪" :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻲ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﳛﺴﺪﻩ ﻭﻳﻌﺎﺩﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺟﻪ‬
‫ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﶈﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬
‫ﻏﲑﻩ")‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﺣﻀﺮﻧﺎ ﳎﻠﺲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺮﺃ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‬
‫ﺼﲏ‬‫ﺨﱢﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻓﻴﻪ‪@ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺳﺄﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﺣﺎﱄ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺎ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﷲ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻜﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻋﺎﺋﻬﻢ؛ ﻓﺈﱐ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﺠﺰﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻟﻪ!‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ‪" :‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﱪ ‪ ‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ﹸﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﺪ ﻭﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺠﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺟﺰﺍﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺻﱪﻩ ﺧ ‪‬ﲑﺍ")‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪" :‬ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻐﻞ ﰲ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ‪‬ﻏ ﱞﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ﱢﻞ‬
‫ﳋ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺑـ‪$‬ﻛﻦ‪ #‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬‫ﷲﺍﹶ‬‫ﻼ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪» :‬ﺇﳕﺎ ‪‬ﺧﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍ ُ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺪ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﻭﺯ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﺭﻃ ﹰ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ‪$‬ﻛﻦ‪ #‬ﳐﻠﻮﻗ ﹰﺔ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻜﹶﺄ ﱠﻥ ﳐﻠﻮﻗﹰﺎ ﺧﻠﻖ ﳐﻠﻮﻗﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺍﷲ ﻷﻣﻮ‪‬ﺗﻦ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺄﰐ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺪﹶﻗ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ« ‪-‬ﻳﻌﲏ‬ ‫ﻗﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺄﻥ ﻗﻮﻡ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺪﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺌﻦ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ َﻷ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ‪.(٥)"-‬‬
‫ﲔ")‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﺼﺪ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ‪" :‬ﻳﺮﺣ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺃﹶﺑﺎ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣ‪‬ﻘﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪ ،(١٦٤/٢‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ )‪ ،(٥١٤/١‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ )‪.(٣٠٢/١٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺓ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻟﻠﻜﻨﺪﻱ )ﺹ‪.(٣٢٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٦٩‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﻮﻱ )‪ ،(٢١/١‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪" :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻲ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﳛﺴﺪﻩ ﻓﺴﻌﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺛﻖ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﲞﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪ ،(١٦٥/٢‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﲔ )ﺹ‪.(١٦٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ )‪ ،(٣٠٢/١٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻈﻢ )‪.(١٧٥/١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪.(١٦٥/٢‬‬
‫‪ ٢٠‬‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ‪" :‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﺣﻀﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ‪ ..‬ﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‬
‫ﻒ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮ ﹶﻝ ﲞﻠ ﹺﻖ‬ ‫ﺕ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻙ«‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺷﺨﺺ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ﱠﻔ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻣﻐﻠﻮﻟ ﹰﺔ ﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹸﻛﱢﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﲤﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺍﳋﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺑـ‪$‬ﻛﻦ‪ #‬ﹶﺃﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘﺮﻯ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺧﻠ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﲟﺨﻠﻮﻕ؟ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻓﺄﺑﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺧﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻼﺋﻖ‪$ :‬ﳌﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ #‬ﻭﻻ ﳎﻴﺐ ﻭﻻ ﺩﺍﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪$ :‬ﷲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻬﺎﺭ‪ #‬ﻓﻠﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳐﻠﻮﻗﺎ‬
‫ﳎﻴﺒﺎ ﻟﻔﲏ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﳚﻴﺐ")‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪" :‬ﻭﺟﺮﻯ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻦ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻋﺠﻴﺒﺔ")‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻛﻨﺎ ﺟﻠﻮ ‪‬ﺳﺎ ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱄ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺗﺮﻭﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﻟﻦ ﳝﻮﺕ ﺇﻻ ﰲ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪﻩ«‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱄ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺗﺮﻭﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻔﺴﺮ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﻓﻴﺨﻄﺌﻪ«‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱄ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻧﻔﻊ ﱄ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮﺩﺩﺕ ﺃﱐ ﺣﺸﻮﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺣﺸ ‪‬ﻮﺍ«")‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮ‪‬ﻯ ‪‬ﻟ ﹸﻜ ﱢﻞ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﺎ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ")‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪» :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﲤﻮﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪ«‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺮﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻗﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ")‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‪" :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻟﻪ ﻛﺮﺍﻣﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﻪ‪» :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﲤﻮﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪ«)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ‪" :‬ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒﻮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻄﻲ‪ ‬ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺻﱪﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺀ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﳏﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻗﻠﺘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﳕﺎ ﻫﻢ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺼﺮ ﺍﳋﹸﺰﺍﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻧﻮﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ‪‬ﺣﻤ‪‬ﺎﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺫﺭﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﳑﻦ ﱂ ﳚﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺒﺘﻞ ﻛﺎﺑﺘﻼﺀ ﺍ َﻷﻭ‪‬ﻟﲔ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﻛﻴ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻔﱠﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﲕ ﺍﻟﹾﺤﻤﺎﱐ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﻭﻳﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﺼﻌﺐ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺷﺮﺫﻣﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺟﺎﺏ ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹲﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺮﻫﲔ‪ ...‬ﲡﹶﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﷲ ‪‬ﻋﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻋﻨﻬﻢ")‪.(٧‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ )ﺹ‪.(٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ -١٠٧/١) = (١٥٦/١‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ )‪ ،(٣٠٢/١٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻈﻢ )‪ ،(١٧٥/١١‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ )‪.(٤٧٥/٣٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٥٧/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﲔ )‪.(١٦١/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﶈﺎﺿﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ )‪.(٣٠٧/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ )‪.(٦٨١/٢‬‬
 ‫‪٢١‬‬

‫א‪ 2‬א ‪Q ?SW&E G‬א ‪ K Q R$‬‬

‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻐﺮﻳﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺮﻯ ﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻣﱰﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﺩﻭﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺜﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﻳ‪‬ﻜ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﺀ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﺟﻠﻪ ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﻈﱠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ؟ ﺫﺍﻙ ﻻ‬
‫ﺷﻚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺩﻋﻰ ﻷﻥ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﺍﶈﺒﺔ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳑﻦ ﺃﺛﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﺨﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﰊ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪" :‬ﺃﺑﻮ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﻟﺴﺎﱐ")‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ‪" :‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﺫﻛﻰ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒﻮ‪‬ﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺧﻞ ‪‬ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺒﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ")‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﺌﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺯﻱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺻﺪﻭﻕ«)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﳜﻪ‪" :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻘﺸ ﹰﻔﺎ")‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ‪‬ﺷ ﹶﻔ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺑﺼﺮﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺛﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ")‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬‫ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺃﻧﺰﻉ ﹺﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪" :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻣﱰﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺭﲟﺎ ﻳﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :-‬ﺳﻞ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﺟﺎﺏ‪ ..‬ﺃﺧﱪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﺴﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ‬
‫ﺣﻠﻘﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﺣﻖ ﲟﺠﻠﺴﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﰊ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ")‪.(٦‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﺸﲑﺍﺯﻱ )ﺹ‪ ،(٩٨‬ﺳﲑ ﺃﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ )‪.(٥٩/١٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ )‪.(٦٨٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﺮﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ )‪.(٢٣٥/٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ )‪ (٥١٤/١‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ )‪.(٣٠٢/١٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ )‪ ،(٣٠٠/١٤‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﺸﲑﺍﺯﻱ )ﺹ‪ ،(٩٨‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ )‪ ،(٤٧٤/٣٢‬ﺳﲑ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ )‪ ،(٥٩/١٢‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪.(١٦٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ )‪ ،(٣٠٠/١٤‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﺸﲑﺍﺯﻱ )ﺹ ‪ ،(٩٨‬ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺎﺏ ﻟﻠﺴﻤﻌﺎﱐ )‪،(٣٣٩/٢‬‬
‫‪‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ )‪.(٤٧٤/٣٢‬‬
‫‪ ٢٢‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺷﻬﺎﺩ ﹸﺓ ﺟﺎ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﻩ ﻭﻗﺮﻳﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﻧﺘﺒﻪ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺇﻻ ﲰﻌﺘﻪ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﻭﻳﺼﻠﻲ")‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﱪ‪" :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﺻﻠ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﲑﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ")‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺐ")‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪" :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺎﳌﹰﺎ ﻓﻘﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻄﻴﻔﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳ‪‬ﺪﱐ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻐﺮ‪‬ﺑﺎ َﺀ ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑﻬ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﹶﻗﺪ‪‬ﻣﻮﺍ ﻟﻠﻄﱠﻠ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ‪" :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻳﺆﺛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻠﺲ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺛﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺯﺍﻫ ‪‬ﺪﺍ")‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺛﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻌﺎﱐ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺑﺮ ﰲ ﺍﶈﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺫﻝ ﺭﻭﺣﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ...‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﻴﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ")‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﺱ ﲞﻠ ﹺﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ‪‬ﻳﺠﹺﺐ‪،‬‬
‫ﺲ ﰲ ﳏﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺣﹺﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺛﲑ‪" :‬ﺻﺎﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ")‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺎﳊ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﻜﺎﻥ‪" :‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ؛ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻋﻘﺪ ﲨﺎﻋﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮﻫﻢ‬
‫ﳊﺎ ﻣﺘﻨﺴ ﹰﻜﺎ ﻋﺎﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‬
‫ﳒﺎﺑﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﺺ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﻯ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ‪ ...،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺯﺍﻫ ‪‬ﺪﺍ")‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪" :‬ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺣﻠﻘﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ﱡﻞ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﺴﻮﺑﲔ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ")‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ﱡﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩﻱ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ ﺇﻧﻪ "ﺃﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻣﻨﻪ")‪.(٢‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ )‪ ،(٣٠٠/١٤‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﺸﲑﺍﺯﻱ )ﺹ‪ ،(٩٨‬ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﻭﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ‪-‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ‪ -‬ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻈﻢ )‪ ،(١٧٤/١١‬ﻭ‪‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ )‪.(٤٧٣/٣٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ )‪ ،(٤٧٥/٣٢‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪ ،(٤٦٣/٤‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﲔ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ‬
‫)‪.(١٦٠/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﺀ )ﺹ‪.(١٦٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻢ )‪.(١٧٤/١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺎﺏ )‪.(٣٣٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ )‪.(١٠٣/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻭﻓﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ )‪.(٦٢-٦١/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺩﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٤٨‬‬
 ‫‪٢٣‬‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪" :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪﻭ ﹰﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺯﺍﻫﺪﹰﺍ ﺭﺑﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻬﺠﺪﹰﺍ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻜﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ")‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪" :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﹰﺍ ﳎﺘﻬﺪﹰﺍ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻛﺒﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺮ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﰊ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺳﻨﺔ")‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻼ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﹰﺍ ﺯﺍﻫﺪﹰﺍ ﻓﻘﻴﻬﹰﺎ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﹰﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﻇﺮﹰﺍ ﺟﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ‪" :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﺟﻠﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﻏﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﻟﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺠﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻼﻭﺓ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗ ﹶﻔ ﱠﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ")‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺺ ﹺﺑ ‪‬‬

‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺇﺫﺍ ﲰﻊ ﺍﳌﺆﺫﻥ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻏﺘﺴﻞ ﻭﻟﺒﺲ ﺛﻴﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﻣﺸﻰ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺒﺲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ؟ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺩﺍﻋﻲ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺟﻊ ﻋﺎﻓﺎﻙ ﺍﷲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﻧﻚ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﱐ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺟﺒﺖ ﺩﺍﻋﻴﻚ ﻓﻤﻨﻌﻮﱐ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪" :‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻘﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﶈﻨﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺳﻨﻨﻪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١١١/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١١٢/١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺳﲑ ﺃﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ )‪.(٥٩/١٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﱪ ﰲ ﺧﱪ ﻣﻦ ﻏﱪ )‪.(٣٢٣ / ١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪.(١٦٢/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪ ،(١٦٥/٢‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﺳﻨﻮﻱ )‪.(٢٢/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(١٠٦٩‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ )ﺹ‪ ،(٣٥٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﺫﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﳐﻠﻮﻕ«‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻛﺎﻓﺮ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻟﻪ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻯ ‪‬ﻓ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﻭﺃﻗﻮﺍﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺳﻨﻨﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻞ )‪" :(٧٣٧-٧٣٦/٥‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ‪ ...‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮﻩ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻋﻔﺮﺍﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻓﺤﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﻜﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ...‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺟﺎﺯ ﻟﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ"‪.‬‬
 ٢٤
 ‫‪٢٥‬‬

‫‪ # V‬و‪ 7‬د‪ #‬و‪ W UN59‬‬

‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻜﺎﺩ ﲡﻤﻊ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺯﻫﺪﻩ ﻭﻭﺭﻋﻪ ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺩﺗﻪ ﻭﺻﻼﺣﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﱪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﻳﺼﻔﻪ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻘﺸ ﹰﻔﺎ")‪.(١‬‬
‫ﳊﺎ ﻣﺘﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺯﺍﻫ ‪‬ﺪﺍ")‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺼﻔﻪ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺻﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﺎﺑﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺀ‪ ،‬ﻳﻮﺻﻲ ﺑﻄﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺧﲑ‪‬ﺍ ﺣﱴ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﶈﻨﺔ‪" ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻦ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺄﰐ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺣﺲ ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺪﱐ ﺣﱴ ﲤﺴﻪ ﻳﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺃﺕ ﻛﺘﺎﰊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﺄﺣﺴﻦ ﺧﻠﻘﻚ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺣﻠﻘﺘﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻮﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺧ ‪‬ﲑﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺜ ‪‬ﲑﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ‬
‫ﺃﲰﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻳﺘﻤﺜﻞ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ـﻬﺎ" ‪.‬‬
‫ـﱵ ﻻ ‪‬ﻴﻨـ‬
‫ـﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟـ‬
‫ـﺮﻡ ﺍﻟـ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺗﻜـ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـﻲ ﻳﻜﺮﻣﻮ‪‬ـ‬
‫ـﻲ ﻟﻜـ‬
‫ـﻢ ﻧﻔﺴـ‬
‫ـﲔ ﳍـ‬
‫ﺃﻫـ‬

‫"ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺟﻲ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺇﺫﺍ ﲰﻊ ﺍﳌﺆﺫﻥ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻏﺘﺴﻞ ﻭﻟﺒﺲ ﺛﻴﺎﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺸﻰ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺒﺲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ؟ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺩﺍﻋﻲ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺟﻊ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻓﺎﻙ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﻧﻚ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﱐ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺟﺒﺖ ﺩﺍﻋﻴﻚ ﻓﻤﻨﻌﻮﱐ")‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﳑﻦ ﻳﻔﱵ ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺇﻥ ﺻﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺧﺎﻟﻒ ﻓﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺻﻲ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺷﻴﺨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻷﺛﺮﻡ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ‪" :‬ﻛﻨﺎ ﰲ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻓﻘﺮﺃ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﺿﺮﺑﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺎﺳﺮ ‪ ، ‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫ﺻ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺿﺮﺑ ﹰﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫ﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺿﺮﺑﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﺿﺮﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ)‪ ،(٥‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ )‪ (٥١٤/١‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ )‪.(٣٠٢/١٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ )‪.(٣٠٠/١٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ )‪ ،(٣٠٢/١٤‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ )ﺹ‪ ،(٩١‬ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻈﻢ )‪،(١٧٥/١١‬‬
‫ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪.(١٦٥/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﺸﲑﺍﺯﻱ )ﺹ‪.(٩٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ )‪ ،(٣٤٧‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٣٦٨‬‬
‫‪ ٢٦‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺿﺮﺑﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﱄ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺭﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺬﻭﺍ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﻮﱄ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪" :‬ﻭﳑﻦ ﺣﻜﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﺍﻹﻓﺘﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺧﻼﻑ‬
‫ﻧﺼﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻛﻲ" )‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻉﰱ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ‪" :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻯ ﺗﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﺩﻭﻧﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻨﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻼﻭﺓ ﻻ ﳝﺮ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻏﺎﻟ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﺣﱴ ﳜﺘﻢ")‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﻮﻱ‪" :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻘﺸﻔﺎ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﲑ")‪.(٤‬‬

‫א‪;<72‬א‪ >[WW' X‬و'‪  # ?Z‬و‪Y&$   4N5‬د‪ K 83‬‬

‫[> ‪ W‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻋﻠﻮ ‪‬ﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺸﹶﺄ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﺎﻟﻜ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺍﺳﺘﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺑﺪﺃ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ ﱡ‬
‫‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻮ‪‬ﻟﲔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬﻩ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺬﻳﻦ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷﺮﻳﻦ ﻟﻌﻠﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍ ﹸﳌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﳑﻦ ﲨﻊ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ "ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ‬ﻭﻓﻘﻬﺎﺋﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﲔ ﰲ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺼﻮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺧﻄﱠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬
‫ﲨﻊ ﺃﻣ ‪‬ﲑ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺑ ‪‬ﺮ؛ ﻣﺜﻞ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ‪ ..‬ﺑﻌﺚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪، ‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪-‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :-‬ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺃﻧﺰﻉ ﳊﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﰊ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ")‪.(٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ )‪ ،(٦٨٢-٦٨١/٢‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ )‪ ،(٤٢٤/١٧‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﲔ‬
‫)‪ ،(١٦٢/١‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ )ﺹ‪.(٥٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ ٨٨/١‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪.(١٦٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﺳﻨﻮﻱ )‪.(٢١/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ )ﺹ‪.(٧‬‬
 ‫‪٢٧‬‬

‫ﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻳ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﺋ ‪‬ﻤ ﹲﺔ ﺗﻔﺮﻗﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺸﺮﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻢ‬

‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬
‫"ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻔﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻵﻓﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﲟﻜﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻣﻜﲔ")‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ‪" :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻯ ﺗﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﺩﻭﻧﻪ")‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪" :‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﺫﻛﻰ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺛﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻛﺎﺋﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻩ ﺑﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ؛ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺚ")‪. (٣‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺒﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﲡﺪﺭ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺒﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺳﻨﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻟﻸﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻮﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠﻪ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ)‪ (٥‬ﻗﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﺫﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ‬
‫ﺃﺑﺎ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪» :‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﳐﻠﻮﻕ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻛﺎﻓﺮ«"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻟﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻯ ‪‬ﻓ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﺃﻗﻮﺍﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺳﻨﻨﻪ؛ ﰲ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻞ‪" :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ‪ ...‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮﻩ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻋﻔﺮﺍﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻓﺤﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﻜﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺟﺎﺯ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ")‪.(٦‬‬
‫'‪ W # ?Z‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﻳﺴ ‪‬ﲑ")‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ‪" :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﹸﻛ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪.(١٦٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪.(١٦٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ )‪.(٦٨٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ )‪ ،(٤٧٢/٣٢‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪ ،(٤٦٣/٤‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(١٠٩٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ )ﺹ‪.(٣٥٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺳﻨﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‪ -‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻞ )‪.(٧٣٧-٧٣٦/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ )‪ ،(٥١٤/١‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ )‪ (٣٠٢/١٤‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﻱ ﰲ ‪‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫)‪ ،(٤٧٦/٣٢‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺗﻪ )‪ (٦٨١/٢‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ " :‬ﻭ‪‬ﻗﺪ ﻛﺘﺐ ‪‬ﺷﻴ‪‬ﺌﺎ ﻛﺜﲑﺍ "‬
‫ﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﻒ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٢٨‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﱘ‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ »ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ«‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ »ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ«‪،‬‬
‫»ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋﺾ«)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺍﻥ ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﻟﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺃﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻛﺮﳘﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ، ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ »ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ«)‪ ،(٢‬ﻗﻠﺖ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ‪ :-‬ﻭﻗﻔﺖ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭ")‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﺴﺐ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ »ﻛﺸﻒ ﺍﻟﻈﻨﻮﻥ«)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺗﺒﻌﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ »ﻫﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻓﲔ«)‪ (٥‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫»ﺍﻟﱰﻫﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﻴﺔ« ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ‪ ،‬ﻭﲰﻴﺎﻩ ﲜﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﺴﺒﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﻢ ‪-‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻃﻠﻌﺖ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ -‬ﻓﺎﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻭﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪Y&$   4N5‬د‪ W 83‬‬
‫ﺟﻠﺲ ﰲ ﺣﻠﻘﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﻼﻑ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﳌﺎ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﲪﻞ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﻨﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻣﻘﻴﺪﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺃﺋﻤ ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮﻗﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ‪" :‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻔﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﺸﺮﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻵﻓﺎﻕ")‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻠﻘﺘﻪ ﻓﻴﺬﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫‪" : ‬ﳌﺎ ﻣﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻮﰲ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻳﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﳎﻠﺲ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻟﻠﻨﺪﱘ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢٦٢‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻛﺸﻒ ﺍﻟﻈﻨﻮﻥ )‪ ،(١٦٢٥/٢‬ﻫﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻓﲔ )‪.(٥٤٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺏ »ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ« ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﱘ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺳﺖ )ﺹ‪ (٢٦٠ :‬ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ »ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ« ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻋﻔﺮﺍﱐ ﻭﳛﺘﻮﻱ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ،"...‬ﰒ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺘﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻧﺴﺦ »ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ« ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ )ﺹ‪ (٢٦١ :‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻟﻠﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩﻱ‪" :‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ »ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ«"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪.(١٦٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻛﺸﻒ ﺍﻟﻈﻨﻮﻥ )‪.(١٩٤٣-١٩٤٢/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻫﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻓﲔ )‪.(٥٤٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ )ﺹ‪.(٧‬‬
 ‫‪٢٩‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺣﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺣﻖ ﲟﺠﻠﺴﻪ ﻣﻨﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻤﻴﺪﻱ ‪-‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﲟﺼﺮ‪ -‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﺣﻖ ﲟﺠﻠﺴﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﳛﲕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﰊ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‪ :‬ﻛﺬﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳊﻤﻴﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﻛﺬﺑﺖ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺖ ﻭﻛﺬﺏ ﺃﺑﻮﻙ ﻭﻛﺬﺑﺖ ﺃﻣﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﻀﺐ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺮﻙ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻓﺠﻠﺲ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﻃﺎﹰﻗﺎ ﺑﲔ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﳎﻠﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳚﻠﺲ")‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪  ،‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺣﲔ ﻣﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﲟﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻠﻘﺔ؛ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﻳﻘﻌﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺍﳊﻠﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ«‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻋﺘﺰﻝ‬
‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎ‪‬ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ")‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺘﲔ ﺇﻥ ﺛﺒﺘﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﻤﻴﺪﻱ ﺑﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺘﻬﻢ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺧﱪﻫﻢ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﳊﻠﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ )‪ ،(٣٠١/١٤‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﱪ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٦٨‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﺸﲑﺍﺯﻱ )ﺹ‪ ،(٩٨‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪.(١٦٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﲔ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ )‪ ،(١٦١/١‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪.(١٦٤/٢‬‬
‫‪ ٣٠‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪،‬‬

‫ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻒ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﱰﻟﺘﻪ ﺑﲔ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻧﺴﺦ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

 ‫‪٣١‬‬

‫א‪;<72‬א‪B‬ول‪W‬א‪a8‬א `‪6 4‬و‪^ 47DE_ 7S‬א‪ K\ ]2‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﻗﺪ ﲰ‪‬ﻰ ﻛﺘﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﻬﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ‪$‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﺄﻟﻮﻓﹰﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻣﻀﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆﱢﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﺑﺼﻔﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻃﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺴﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻨﺴﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﻪ ﻓﻴﻘﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻷﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺗﻌﺪﺩﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺷﺘﻬﺮ ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪$‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﺃﲰﺎﺋﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫‪$‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ ،#‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﳌﺎ ﺻﻨ‪‬ﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺮﺿﻪ ﻭﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﲝﻀﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ؛ ﺇﺫ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺮﺉ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻳ‪‬ﻜ‪‬ﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪$‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻭﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ‪ ،#‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ)‪ (٢‬ﻣﻦ ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﲰﻴﻬﻤﺎ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﲰﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﰲ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺮﺓ‪ ..." :‬ﰲ‬
‫ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ ﻋﻦ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ )‪ ،(١٤٨/٤ ،٩١/٤ ،٢٦٠/١‬ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﰲ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻮﱄ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﺋﻲ‬
‫)ﺹ‪.(٢٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪ ،(١٦١/٢‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺷﻬﺒﺔ )‪ ،(٧٠/١‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﲔ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ )‪.(١٥٨/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ )‪ (٢٨٩/٨ ،٢٣٧ ،٨٣/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٢٦٣/٢‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪.(٨٨/٥‬‬
‫‪ ٣٢‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،(١)"...‬ﻭﲰﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ ..." :‬ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ")‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪$‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻭﺻﺎﺣﺒﻴﻪ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻟﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪$ :‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.#‬‬ ‫‪-٥‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪$ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،#‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ‪$‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.#‬‬ ‫‪-٦‬‬

‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ‪: ‬‬

‫ﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺷﻚ ﰲ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻜﱡﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺃﻥ ﹶﺃ ﹾﺫ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﻒ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﻭﻛﺘﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺰﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﺭﺩ ‪‬‬
‫• ﻓﻼ ﺗﻜﺎﺩ ﲡﺪ ﺷﺎﻓﻌﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃﱠﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﹸﻛ ﱠﻞ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻘ ﹶﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﳋﺮﺟﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻼﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺣﺎﻁ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻨﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻛﺘﻔﻲ ﺑﺬﻛﺮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻋﺰﻭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﻍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺼﻮﺻ‪‬ﺎ ‪$‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‪.#‬‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﲑﺍﺯﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﲔ ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-٥‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺰﺍﱄ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-٦‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-٧‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-٨‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ )‪ ،(٢٨٩/٨‬ﻭﺑﻨﺤﻮﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﻷﰊ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳉﻮﻳﲏ )ﺹ‪.(٧٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٣١/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺪ ﲰﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ )‪.(٨٤/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺳﺘﺄﰐ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻮﻝ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺒﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ؛ ﺃﻋﲏ‪$ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.#‬‬
 ‫‪٣٣‬‬

‫‪ -٩‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٠‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١١‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﻭﰲ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-١٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﰲ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-١٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻣﲑﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-١٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﺪ‪‬ﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-١٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٦‬ﻭﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٧‬ﻭﺍﻹﺳﻨﻮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺭﻛﺸﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺑﻴﲏ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-١٩‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﺍﳍﻴﺘﻤﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-٢٠‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻣﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺘﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺷﺮﻭﺣﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-٢١‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺼﲏ ﰲ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-٢٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺷﺒﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﻇﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻣﻴﺎﻃﻲ ﰲ ﺇﻋﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻛﺜﲑ ‪-‬ﺭﲪﻬﻢ ﺍﷲ‪ ،-‬ﺑﻞ ﻻ ﺃﻇﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﹰﺎ ﳑﻦ ﻳﻌﺘﲏ ﺑﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻋﺰﻭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻭﻳﻨﺴﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺗﺮﺟﻢ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫• ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫• ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪ ..." :‬ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ‪) -‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ( ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ")‪.(١‬‬
‫• ﻭﳑﺎ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻏﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺘﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻭﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺛﻨﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺑﻜﻨﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪" ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻒ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﹶﺃﻟﱠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٥٨/١‬‬
‫‪ ٣٤‬‬

‫ﻭﻛﺜ ‪‬ﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺈﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻸﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻻ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺣﻘﱠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻛﺘﺎﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﲰﻪ )ﻛﺬﺍ(‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻨﺎ؟‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻫﻮ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺳﲑﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻭ ﹰﺓ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﻛﺎﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺣﺮﺻﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻃﻠﻌﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺎﻗﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﺟﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺭﲟﺎ ﺃﻓﺪﺕ‬
‫ﰲ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﻭﺻﺤﺔ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﰐ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻮﻻﺕ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪-‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺜﲑﹰﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﲝﺮﻭﻓﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.-‬‬

‫‪Mefe‬אא `‪Z4c0e6 4‬א ‪9& d07‬م‪Z4c‬א ‪OP‬؟ ‬

‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻫﻮ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﳒﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺮﻭﻳﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩﻱ؟ ﻓﻬﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺃﻭ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ؟!‬
‫ﻳﻘﻔﺰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻫﻦ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﻊ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﻘﺪﺡ ﰲ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﻩ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩﻱ ‪-‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ -‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻭﻱ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻜﺎﺩ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺗﺼﺮﳛﹰﺎ ﺑﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻠﺠﻮﺍﺏ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﳌﺎ ﲨﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﳑﺎ ﲰﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﳑﺎ ﻋﺮﻓﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻟﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻮﻣﻪ‪..‬‬
‫ﻗﺮﺃﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻴﺨﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ؛ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﺒﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻠﺒﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺛﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﲝﻀﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺮﺃ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺩﻭ‪‬ﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﻋﻠﻮﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻭﺍﻓﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪-‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻮﻏﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﻝ ﻭﺻﺤﺢ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ -‬ﳌﺎ ﺣﺼﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﺃﻯ ﻭﻣﺴﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻮﺯ‪‬ﺍ ﻷﻥ ﻳﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ؛ ﺇﺫ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ؛‬ ‫ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺇﻻ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ﹲﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺟﺎﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻤﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﺠﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺣﻴﻨﺌ ‪‬ﺬ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﺴﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺻﻨﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻛﺜﲑ ﳑﻦ ﺗﺮﺟﻢ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﻫﻢ ‪$‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ #‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ‪$‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ #‬ﻳﻨﺴﺐ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺟﺎﻣﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻌﻠﻮﻣﻪ ﻭﺃﻗﻮﺍﻟﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻨﺴﺐ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺟﺎﻣﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﺴﺐ ﻟﻠﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻛ ﱟﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺭﺍﻭﻳ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻫﻮ ﺭﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪-‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪$‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ -#‬ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬﻩ‪..‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺼﻠﻨﺎ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٣٥‬‬

‫ﻭﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪:‬‬
‫"ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺩﺭﻳﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ‪." ‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺭﺍﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫‪$‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﰊ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺩﺭﻳﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ‪.# ‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫"‪$‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ #‬ﺭﻭﺍ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺑﻴﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻇﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻭ ﳓﻮﻩ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺃﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺭﺍ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﻒ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺮﺃﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻓﻌ‪‬ﻲ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺻ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ -‬ﲝﻀﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ‪-‬ﺭﲪﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﷲ‪ -‬ﻓﺤﺼﻞ ﲰﺎﻋﺎ ﻟﻠﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬
‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ")‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻘﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻲ‪" :‬ﳌﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻧﻘ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﳐﺘﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻗﺮﺃﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﲝﻀﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ؛ ﻓﻠﻬﺬﺍ ﻳﺮﻭﻯ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ‬‫ﺻ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ")‪.(٢‬‬

‫א‪ ;<72‬א ‪ RU W&E G‬א `‪ 6 4‬א ‪ R$‬و'?‪ 4g hP 4 i‬א [ ‬
‫א  ‪ K&$‬‬
‫ﻂ ﻭﳐﺘﺼﺮﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺷﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﻼﻫﺎ ﻣﱰﻟﺔ‬‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﻛﺜﲑ ﹲﺓ ﺟﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻮ ﹴﻝ ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺘﻮﺳ ‪‬‬
‫ﹸﻛ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺣﻮﺕ ﺍﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩﺍﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻤﺖ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻓﺎﺿﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ )‪.(٦٨٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﺳﻨﻮﻱ )‪.(٢١/١‬‬
‫‪ ٣٦‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻋﺮﻓﻨﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻋﺮﻓﻨﺎ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺃﻥ ‪$‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ #‬ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺴﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺣﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻟﻜﻼﻣﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺷﻴﺨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺿﻔﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ﱡﻞ ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﻭﺍ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ..‬ﻋﺮﻓﻨﺎ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻝ ﺑﲔ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺏ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﺻ ﹲﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﻮ ﹺﻝ ﻣﺬﻫ ﹺ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﻭﻛﻼﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺮﺉ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺄﻗﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﺴﻮﺏ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﳉﺎﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﻭﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ ﻟﻪ ﳑﺎ‬
‫ﲰﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻴﺨﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗﹶﻠﻘﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺷﺎﻣ ﹲﻞ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻪ –ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬
‫‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،-‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﺖ – ﺃﻱ ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ‪ :-‬ﻭﻗﻔﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭ")‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﻷﺻﻢ‪" :‬ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺃﰊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﱄ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺑﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ؛ ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻣﻨﻪ")‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺯﻱ‪" :‬ﻗﻠﺖ ﻷﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮﺕ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺪ‬
‫ﻱ‬
‫ﻱ ﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻋ ‪‬ﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺭﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﰱ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﻔﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻛﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻲ‬
‫ﻚ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻻ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ﻛﺎﺗﺒﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﺮﺃﻱ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻛﺘﺐ ﺭﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻣﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﲰﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﺎﺗﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﺄﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰉ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ ﲟﻜﺔ")‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺍﻫﺘﻢ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻛﺜ ‪‬ﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑﻌﻀ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺄﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻗﻤﺎﻗﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺸﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺎﻋﻲ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻘﻼﱐ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﻲ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﲏ ﻳﺴﻤﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻟﻜﺜﺮﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻀﺎﺭﻩ ﻟﻪ")‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﲰﻌ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪.(١٦٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ )‪ ،(٣٠١/١٤‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ )‪ (٤٧٥-٤٧٤/٣٢‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻗﺎﺿﻰ ﺷﻬﺒﺔ‬
‫)‪.(٧١/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٢٨‬ﺇﻧﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﻤﺮ ﺑﺄﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ )‪.(٣٦٢/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﻤﺮ ﺑﺄﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ )‪ ،(٣٦٢/٢‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﺩﺭﻱ ﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲰﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﲏ ﻳﺴﻤﻴﻪ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺃﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻲ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٣٧‬‬

‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ ‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺄﻟ ﹰﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ " :‬ﻗﺎﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ -‬ﰲ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﹶﺟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻛﹶﻼ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ")‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪﻋ‪ ‬ﻢ ﺑﺎﻷﺩﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺫ‪‬ﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﻟﻠﺨﻼﻑ ﰲ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﺿﺖ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻘﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ )‪ (٥٨‬ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﻣﻦ )‪ (١٠٧‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ )ﺏ(‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺣﺼﻴﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺩﻟﺔ ﻭﺧﻼﻑ ﻓﺘﺤﺼﻞ ﱄ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺄﰐ‪:‬‬
‫ﰎ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺀ )‪ (٨٠٣‬ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﲦﺎﳕﺎﺋﺔ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﰲ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ؛ ﻭ ﹸﺫﻛ‪‬ﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ ﻧﺼﻔﻪ‪ -‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ (٢٥٦‬ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﰲ )‪ (١٢٤‬ﻣﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻬﺮﺓ )‪ (٤٠٥‬ﻣﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ )‪ (٣١‬ﻣﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ )‪ (٢٢‬ﻣﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ )‪ (٨١‬ﻣﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ )‪ (١٤٠‬ﻣﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺃﻗﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﰲ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲤﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﺍﺿﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺄﺗـﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﹸﺫ ‪‬ﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﻗﻮ ﹲﻝ ﻟﻠﺼﺤﺎﰊ ﺍﳉﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ‪ ‬ﰲ )‪ (١‬ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﹸﻛﺮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻟﻠﺼﺤﺎﰊ ﺍﳉﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ‪ ‬ﰲ )‪ (١‬ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﹸﺫﻛﺮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ‪ ‬ﰲ )‪ (١‬ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﹸﺫﻛﺮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ‪ ‬ﰲ )‪ (٢‬ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﹸﻛﺮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ‪ ‬ﰲ )‪ (٣٥‬ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﹸﻛﺮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ‪ ‬ﰲ )‪ (١٠٩‬ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﹸﻛﺮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻋﻲ ‪ ‬ﰲ )‪ (٢٥‬ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﹸﻛﺮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ‪ ‬ﰲ )‪ (٦‬ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ ﰲ )‪ (١‬ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﰊ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ‪ ‬ﰲ )‪ (١٠‬ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻄﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ )ﺹ (‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﺔ )ﺹ‪ ،(٣٢٨‬ﳎﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻯ )‪.(٢٦٦/٣٥‬‬
‫‪ ٣٨‬‬

‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺒﺎﱐ ‪ ‬ﰲ )‪ (١‬ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺣﻜﻲ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺑﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﰲ )‪ (٦٤‬ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺍﺓ ‪$‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪:#‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﻯ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﹸﻛ ﱞﻞ ﻣﻦ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ -٢ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ -٣ ،‬ﻭﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ )ﺃ( ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﻷﺻﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑﻱ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺑﺎﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻜﹶﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺮ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﺑﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﻦ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ذא‪ g‬ن‪Z4c‬א ‪LM>P& d07‬א [‪hPR‬א `‪4‬א  ‪ R،$‬ذא‬

‫‪YkR4$'lmfn D' o‬א‪eM2‬؟ ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺒﺎﺩﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﻦ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﳒﺪ ﲨﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﰲ ‪$‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ #‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺃﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻘﺼ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻭﳐﺎﻟﻔﹰﺎ ﳌﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﻠﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺗﻪ ﻭﻧﻔﺎﺳﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻧﺔ ﰒ ﳜﺎﻟﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﰲ‬
‫ﲨﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪﻭﺍ ﻏﲑﻩ؟؟‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ )‪.(٢٦٠/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ )‪.(١٠٣/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻹﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻛﻮﻻ )‪.(١٠٨/٧‬‬
 ‫‪٣٩‬‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﱰﻟﺘﻪ ﺑﲔ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﻻ ﻳﻨﺎﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﻃﻼﻗﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺸﻮﺵ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ؛ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺃﻧﻨﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﻈﺮﻧﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺂﻻﻑ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﳒﺪﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﻘﻮﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺫﺍ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻮ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺢ ﺩﺍﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺍﳌﻌﱪﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪$ :‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ،#‬ﻭ‪$‬ﳐﺘﺼ ‪‬ﺮ‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺰﱐﱢ‪ ،#‬ﻭ‪$‬ﳐﺘﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،#‬ﻭ‪$‬ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ‪ ،#‬ﻭ‪$‬ﺍﻷﻣﺎﱄ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺗﺘﻔﻖ ﰲ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﺗﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ؛ ﺇﺫ ﺇﻥ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻗﻮﻻ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻳ‪‬ﺘﻮﻫﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻧﺮﻯ ﻛﺜ ‪‬ﲑﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ؛ ﺇﺫ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺤﻴﺺ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﰲ ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺷﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻌﺎﺭﺿ‪‬ﺎ ﻷﳘﻴﺘﻪ‪ ..‬ﻟﺴﻘﻄﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﻓﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺇﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ؛ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺧﺎﺻ‪‬ﺎ ﲟﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ‬ ‫‪-٥‬‬
‫ﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ..‬ﻭﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻻ ﺇﺷﻜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺇﻥ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻣﻘﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﻼﺯﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﻮ ﳑﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻇﻨﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺃﻭﺟﻪ ﻻ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﺗﻨﻘﻴﺢ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻏﲑ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ؛ ﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔﺘﻪ‬
‫‪ ٤٠‬‬

‫ﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻷﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﳜﺎﻟﻔﻪ‬
‫ﺺ ﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ؟‬
‫ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻛﻼﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻧﻔﻴﺴ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﻮﻱ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ‪$‬ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻗﺪ ﹶﺃﱠﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﲔ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ‪ -‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﺄ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻬﻮ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﳓﻮ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺷﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‪:‬‬
‫"ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺧﺎﻟﻔﺎ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪ -‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ؛ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺫﻫﻼ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺑﺎ ﲟﺎ ﻭﺟﺪﺍﻩ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺟﺪ‪‬ﺍ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ﱂ ﻳﻘﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ‪» :‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻛﺬﺍ«‪» ،‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﻧﺼﻪ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻛﺬﺍ« ﻭﳓﻮ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﻘﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻂ؛ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺸﺪﺓ ﻭﺭﻋﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﺯﻩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻌﻢ‬
‫ﻇﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺑـ‪$‬ﺍﻷﻡ‪ #‬ﻭ‪$‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ #‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﺘﺒﻌﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ ﰲ ‪$‬ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ‪ #‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ‪$‬ﺍﻷﻡ‪ #‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﻣﺘﺎﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ")‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺟﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪ -‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺎ ﻓﺎﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺟﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺃﻭﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﺃ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺣﻜﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺇﻧﻨﺎ ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺭﺃﻳﻨﺎ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤ‪‬ﺎ ﳍﻤﺎ ﳜﺎﻟﻒ ﻧﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ..‬ﺣﻜﻤﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺨﻄﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﺘﺮﺟﻴﺤﻬﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﻟﻸﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﳑﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺫﻭ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻛﱪﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﺕ‬ ‫‪-٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻟﻪ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻧﻈﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻻ ﲣﻔﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻻ ﻳﻌﲏ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘ ﹰﺔ ﺃﻭ ﳐﺎﻟﻔ ﹰﺔ ﳍﺬﺍ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫‪-٨‬‬
‫ﻟﺬﺍﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺇﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ )‪.(١٠٣-١٠٢/١‬‬
 ‫‪٤١‬‬

‫ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺟﺢ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺟﺢ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‪.‬‬

‫‪0UVN5‬אא ‪0U9hPrst‬אلא‪ 'q‬مא  ‪&$‬א‪Y4p2‬א‪ HD2‬‬

‫א ‪0‬א‪ Wk‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ ﲤﺎﻡ ﺣﻞ ﺍﻹﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻌﺪﺩﺕ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪:‬‬
‫ﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﺄﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺎﺳ ‪‬ﺦ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻥ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺎﳍﻤﺎ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻣﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺭﺟﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺑﺄﻱ ﻗﺮﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺟﻴﺢ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻘﺪ‪‬ﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓﻴ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﺭﻙ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺃﺻﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻬﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺮﻳﺞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺃﻣﺎ ﻏﲑ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻬﺪ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻘ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻓﲔ ﺑﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﳛﺼﻞ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﺑﻄﺮﻳ ﹴﻖ‪ ..‬ﺗﻮﻗﻒ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﻟﻐﲑ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻬﺪ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ ﺍﳌﻨﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻛﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑﻩ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ‪‬‬‫‪ -١‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻠﲔ ﻟﻠﻘﻮﻝ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺩﺏ ﺍﳌﻔﱵ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﱵ )‪ ،(٦٠/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(١١٠/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١١١/١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺩﺏ ﺍﳌﻔﱵ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﱵ )‪ ،(٦٤/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(١١٢/١١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ،(٦٤‬ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ ﻟﻺﺳﻨﻮﻱ‬
‫)‪ ،(١٠١/١‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٠/١‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٠/١‬‬
‫ﺤﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ‪ ..‬ﺍﻋﺘﱪ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺩﺏ ﺍﳌﻔﱵ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﱵ )‪ ،(٦٥/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ :(١١١/١‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﳚﺪ ﺗﺮﺟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻠﲔ ﻟﻠﻘﻮﻟﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻠﲔ ﻟﻠﻮﺟﻬﲔ؛ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻣﻘﺪﻡ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﳉﻴﺰﻯ ﻭﺣﺮﻣﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺬﺍ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﰊ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﱂ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﳊﻘﺘﻪ ﺃﻧﺎ؛ ﻟﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﻓﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٤٢‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﲟﺎ ﻭﺍﻓﻖ ﺃﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺬﺍﻫﺐ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ)‪.(١‬‬

‫‪ -٤‬ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﺑﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﺪ ﹸﺫ ‪‬ﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﺑﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﻣ ‪‬ﻈ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﲞﻼﻑ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺮﺍﺩﺍ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺑﺎﺑﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪" :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺴﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺨﲑ ﻓﻴﻌﻤﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻔﱵ ﺑﺄﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﺷﺎﺀ؛ ﺑﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪:‬‬
‫• ﺇﻥ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ ..‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻧﺎﺳﺦ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻘﺪﻡ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻭﺇﻥ ﺫﻛﺮﳘﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﲨﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺭﺟﺢ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺭﺟﺤﻪ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻭﺇﻥ ﲨﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻷﺣﺪﳘﺎ ‪-‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﻮﺿﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ -‬ﺃﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺣﺎﳍﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺟﺢ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺘﻌﺮﻓﹰﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻪ ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﺍ ﺍﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﰲ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻪ ﺃﻫﻼ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺨﺮﻳﺞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺃﻫﻼ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﻨﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺮﻳﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺋﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﳚﺪ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺘﻮﻗﻒ")‪.(٣‬‬

‫‪ c78‬א‪N` 6 <VB‬مא  ‪ &$‬‬

‫ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺳﺎﺋﻼ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺳﺒﺐ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺃﻥ ﹸﻛ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧﺔﹲ؟‬
‫ﻭﻟﻠﺠﻮﺍﺏ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻧﻘﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺷﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺳﻲ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‪$ :‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،#‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺩﺏ ﺍﳌﻔﱵ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﱵ )‪ ،(٦٦/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١١١/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١١٢/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺩﺏ ﺍﳌﻔﱵ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﱵ )‪.(٦٠/١‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺪﺕ ﻛﺜﲑ‪‬ﺍ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ »ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ«‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺎﺭﳜﻪ ﻭﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺪ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﺗﻄﺒﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺧﲑ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٤٣‬‬

‫ﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺗﻜﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺼﻮﺹ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫"ﰒ ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻔﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﺼﻔﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ..‬ﻗﺪ ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﺧﻠﻞ ﻛﺜﲑ‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻷَﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺔ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷَﺻﻠ ﹺ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﲔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﲔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﳜﺘﻠﻔﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻛﺜﲑﺍ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﻘﻠﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺼﺤﺤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺻﺎﺭﺕ‬
‫ﳍﻢ ﻃﺮﻕ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺮﺍﻗﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﺮﻯ ﻫﺆﻻ ِﺀ ﻳﻨﻘﻠﻮﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﻬﻢ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﻘﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻫﺆﻻ ِﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺘﺒﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹲﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﹲﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻓﻼ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺮﺟﻌﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﻨﻘﻮﻥ ﺗﺼﺎﻧﻴﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ؟‪.(١)" ...‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺳﺒﺐ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺻﺮﺡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﻮﻱ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺼﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪$‬ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ‪" :#‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪﻧﻴﺠﻲ‪» ...‬ﻭﻛﺜﲑ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﺎ ﳜﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻌﺪ ﹺﻡ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ«‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ")‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﻮﻱ‪" :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﰲ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺐ ﻣﺴﺎﺋ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻮﺍ ﹴ‬
‫ﻹﻣﺎﻣﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﺃﻥ ﹸﻛ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺜﲑ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺗﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﻏﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ‪ ...‬ﻓﻠﻬﺬﺍ ﻗ ﱠﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﳍﺎ")‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻘﻮﺩﻧﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬

‫א‪N45‬א ?‪0P9##YD‬א‪Z4c6 4g6‬א ‪ & d07‬‬

‫ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ )ﺃ( ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ )ﺏ( ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﻛﺒﲑ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪﺕ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ )ﺃ( ﻭﻓﺮﻋﻬﺎ )ﻡ(؛ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻋﺘﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﻭﺃﺣﺴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻻ‬
‫ﺃﺩﺭﻱ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺥ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺟﺘﻬﺪﻭﺍ ﰲ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻪ ﹶﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺭﺃﻭﻩ ﲝﺎﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ ﺍﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩﺍ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺻﻨﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺗﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻓﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﻳﺴﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﰲ ﻧﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻗﺪﱘ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﻮﻱ ﻗﺪ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ )ﺹ‪ ،(٤٨‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ .‬ﻁ ﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﺃﲪﺪ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ )‪.(١٠٣/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ )‪.(١١٤/١‬‬
‫‪ ٤٤‬‬

‫ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ‪$‬ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ‪" :#‬ﰒ ﺇﻧﲏ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺫﻛﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﻓﺄﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﲝﺮﻭﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺒﺎﻟﻐ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻪ؛ ﻓﺄﺫﻛﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﰒ ﺑﺎﺑﻪ ﰒ ﺇﻥ ﺍﺗﺴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻓﺒﻌﺪﺩ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻗﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺜﲑ‬
‫ﺟﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻋﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ ...‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻜﺮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ‬
‫ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻛـ‪$‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،#‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻪ ﲟﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﺕ ﻻ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ")‪.(١‬‬

‫א ‪`4‬א‪u$PY3‬א‪Z4cYfn D2‬א ‪ & d07‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻠﻔﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﺮﺍﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻤﻪ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ -‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺎﻥ‪،‬‬‫‪ -١‬ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﰲ ﺗﺮﺍﺟﻢ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺬﻛﺮ ‪-‬ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺑﲔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‪‬ﺍ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﺈﱐ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ‬‫ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻗﺪ ﹸﺫ ‪‬ﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟ ﹸﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﺬ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﹸﺫ ‪‬ﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﺈﱐ ﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺷﲑ ﰲ ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺶ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫)ﻛﺬﺍ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫' ‪Me780e‬אא ‪`4‬א‪3‬؟ ‬
‫ﻱ ﺃﻥ ﳒﺪ ﺳﺒﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺣﱴ ﻧﺜﺒﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﻴﺚ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺗﻔﻘﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺗﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻛﺘﺎ‪‬ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﺜﹺﺒ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺿﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﳌﺼﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ‪‬ﻳﹾﺜ‪‬ﺒﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻜﺬﺍ ﺃﹶﱠﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﺎﻧﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺒﺐ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﱄ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺎﻣﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﲡﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻣﻨﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﺇﺫ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮﺍﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺇﳕﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﺣﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﺟﻬﻮﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻧﻨﺴﻰ ﺃﻥ ‪$‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ #‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ )‪.(١٠٣/١‬‬
 ‫‪٤٥‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻗﺪ ﻧﻀﺠﺖ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺼﻌﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻒ ﺣﻴﻨﺌ ‪‬ﺬ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﺬ ﱡﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ ﻣﺴﺄﻟ ‪‬ﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻳﻘ ‪‬ﺔ ﺗﺪﻭﻳ ﹺﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﳑﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺳﺒﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﹶﺃﱠﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟ ﹶﺔ ﰲ ﺩﺭﻭﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﺮﺭ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﺗﺒﻌ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﳎﺎﻟ ﹺ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬

‫א‪;<72‬א ‪DEW; G‬א‪0 p2‬طوא ‪ K >?'vS04‬‬

‫‪‬ﻭﻓﱢﻘﺖ ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻧﺴﺦ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﳏﻔﻮﻇﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻣﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻼ ﺑﺘﺮﻛﻴﺎ ﺑﺮﻗﻢ )‪ ،(١١٨٩‬ﺗﻘﻊ ﰲ )‪ (١٩٦‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﻮﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ )‪ (٢٣‬ﺳﻄﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺮ ﻳﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﺑﲔ )‪ (١١-٩‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ ،٦٢٥‬ﲞﻂ ﻧﺴﺨﻲ ﻧﻔﻴﺲ ﻭﻣﻴﻞ ﻣﺘﻘﻦ‪ ،‬ﺎ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﲟﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺀ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻻ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻣﺰﺕ ﳍﺎ ﺑـ)ﺃ( ؛ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻷﻥ ﺃﺑﻮﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﹰﺎ ﺟﻴﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﲞﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬
‫ﺢ‬
‫ﺻﺤ‪ ‬‬
‫)ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﺼﺤﺤﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪" :‬ﻗﹸﻮﹺﺑ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ"‪.‬‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﺼ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﹺ‬
‫ﺻ ﹺﻞ ﹺﺑ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺭ ﺍ ِﻹﻣ‪‬ﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷَ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺑﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺯﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻳﺮﻭﻱ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﹰﺎ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺎﺭﺓ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺎﺭﺓ ﻳﺸﺮﺡ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻏﺮﻳﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ) | (‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﳍﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻼﻓﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪:‬‬
‫»ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺩﺭﻳﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ‪«‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻑ ﲤﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﺮﻭﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻘﺮﻭﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﻛﺘﺐ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪﻭﻳﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻻ ﺷﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻑ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫• ﳐﺘﺼﺮ‪ .....‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻦ‪.......‬‬
‫• ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬
‫‪ ٤٦‬‬

‫• ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﻋﺠﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﲑ ﺑﺎﺑﻦ ﻭﱄ ﺍﷲ ﻏﻔﺮ ﺍﷲ ﳍﻢ‬
‫ﻭﻟﺴﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻠﻚ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺳﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻠﻮﱐ‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻑ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﺍﱄ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺁﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺒﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳊﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻷﺧﻮﺓ ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﳌﺎ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺽ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﳉﻠﻮﺱ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺁﺛﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﻭﺍﳋﻤﻮﻝ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﺠﺒﻪ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﻭﺍﳉﻠﻮﺱ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻠﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﻐﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺻﻨﻒ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻳﻨﺴﺐ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺻﻨﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﻳﻨﺴﺒﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺰﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺗﺼﺮﻑ ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮﻩ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲞﻂ ﳐﺎﻟﻒ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ ﻷﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﳌﻜﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻑ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫• ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ‪ ‬ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺭﺿﻴﻌﲔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪.‬‬
‫• ‪ ......‬ﻷﰊ ﳛﲕ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﺸﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬
‫ﲰﻌﺖ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ‪ .....‬ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﲏ‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﻛﺘﺐ‪ :‬ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﻛﺘﺐ‪ ...... :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﻓﺼﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﻼ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺁﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺧﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻔﻪ ﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻓﻘﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻯ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳋﲑ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﲑ ﺑﺪﺍﻣﺎﺩ ﺯﺍﺩﺓ ﻋﻔﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻋﻦ ﺃﺳﻼﻓﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﻼﻓﻪ ﺳﻨﺔ؟؟؟؟؟‬
‫ﰒ ﻛﺘﺐ ﲜﺎﻧﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺴﺨﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﲑ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳋﲑ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻋﻔﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
‫ﰒ ﻛﺘﺐ‪ :‬ﻧﻘﻠﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻝ‪..........‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺇﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ )‪ ،(١٨٨/٢‬ﻗﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ )‪.(٣٨١/٢‬‬
 ‫‪٤٧‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺗﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ‪-‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ ‪.....‬‬

‫" ﻭ‪$‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ #‬ﺭﻭﺍ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺑﻴﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻇﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﳓﻮﻩ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺃﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺭﺍ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﻒ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺮﺃﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻓﻌ‪‬ﻲ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺻ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ -‬ﲝﻀﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ‪-‬ﺭﲪﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﷲ‪ -‬ﻓﺤﺼﻞ ﲰﺎﻋﺎ ﻟﻠﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬
‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ")‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺐ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺴﺨﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﲑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺰﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪."١٣٢٥‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﳏﻔﻮﻇﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻨﺒﻮﻝ ﺑﺮﻗﻢ )‪ (١٠٧٨‬ﺗﻘﻊ ﰲ )‪ (١٠٧‬ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‪،‬‬

‫ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺳﻬﺎ )‪ ٢٧ × ١٩‬ﺳﻢ( ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﻮﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ )‪ (٣١‬ﺳﻄﺮﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺮ ﻳﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﺑﲔ‬
‫)‪ (١٦-١٤‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،٨٦٨‬ﲞﻂ ﻧﺴﺨﻲ ﻧﻔﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻏﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﺮﻭﻡ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺂﻛﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺃﻋﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻧﺎﺳﺨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﹸﺃ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺿ ‪‬ﻊ ﺃﺑﻮﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺷﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻮﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻣﺰﺕ ﳍﺎ ﺑـ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺯﻱ؛ ﺇﺫ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺍﺗﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﳏﻔﻮﻇﺔ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﺮﻗﻢ )ﻃﻠﻌﺖ‪ (٢٠٨-‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﳌﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻠﻢ )‪ ،(٣٩٤١‬ﺗﻘﻊ‬
‫ﰲ ‪ ٤٣٠‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﺍﻗﻊ )‪ ٢١٥‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ‪ ٤ + ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﻓﻬﺎﺭﺱ(‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﻄﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ١٩ :‬ﺳﻄﺮﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺮ ﻳﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﺑﲔ )‪ (١٤-١٢‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻼﻓﻬﺎ ﺧﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﻭﻧﻘﺶ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﻒ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﳊﺴﻴﲏ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺍﳊﺴﻴﲏ ‪.١٣٣٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺳﺦ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺰﺍﱐ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮﻩ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ )‪.(٦٨٤/٢‬‬
‫‪ ٤٨‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺃﻟﻒ‬

‫)‪.(١٣٢٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻑ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻣﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻼ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻼﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻣﺰﺕ ﳍﺎ ﺑـ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٤٩‬‬

‫ﻧﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‬
‫ ‬
‫‪ z‬ذج'‪x‬א ?‪D‬א‪  X‬‬
‫‪ ٥٠‬‬

‫ﻏﻼﻑ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻣﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻼ )ﺃ(‬

‫‪٥١‬‬

‫ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻣﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻼ )ﺃ(‬

‫‪ ٥٢‬‬

‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻣﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻼ )ﺃ(‬

‫‪٥٣‬‬

‫ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬

‫‪ ٥٤‬‬

‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ )ﺏ(‬

‫ﻏﻼﻑ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ )ﻡ(‬

‫‪٥٥‬‬

‫ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬

‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ )ﻡ(‬

‫‪ ٥٦‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪:‬‬
‫ ‬ ‫ﶈﻘﱠﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻨﺺ‪ ‬ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﻼ[‬
‫]ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
 ‫‪٥٧‬‬

‫‪

‬‬
‫   !  "   ‪[ #‬‬
‫]        ‪     ,‬اﷲ         ‬

‫‪6 4gz‬א > ‪Fxk3‬ز‪ E‬‬

‫ﺇﺩﺭﻳﺲ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪:(٤‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫‪) -١‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻫﻼﻝ)‪ ،(١‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺩﺭﻳﺲ )ﺑﻦ‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ]ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ[ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ)‪ ،(٦)(٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺷﺎﻓﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻑ‪،‬‬
‫ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻴﻨﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻋﻦ‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﱯ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻢ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ، ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :(٨‬ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﱂ ﺃﺟﺪ ﻟﻪ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﻗﻔﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ‪‬ﺫ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻔﻲ )ﺹ‪ (٣٦١‬ﻭﻧﺴﺒﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﳍﻼﱄ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺛﻐﺮ ‪‬ﺳﻠﹶﻤﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻳﺮﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺷﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﲑﻱ ﻭﻧﻈﺮﺍﺋﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺗﻜﺮﺭﺕ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪" :‬ﺑﻦ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺩﺭﻳﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﳊﻨﻈﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٥‬ﺃﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳊﻔﱠﺎﻅ ﺍﻷﺛﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻀﻞ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺧﻴﺜﻤﺔ ﺯﻫﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﻖ ﺳﻮﺍﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،٢٧٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ )‪ (٣٩٠-٣٨١/٢٤‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪ (٥٠٢-٥٠٠/٣‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٨٢٤‬ﺳﲑ ﺃﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ )‪.(٢٦٩-٢٤٧/١٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﻣﻮﻻﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ ﺍﳌ ‪‬ﺆ ﱢﺫ ﹸﻥ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﺍﻭﻱ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻷﻣﻬﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﺛﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺘﲔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ )‪ (٨٩-٨٧/٩‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٣٢٠‬ﺍﻟﺴﲑ )‪-٥٨٧/١٢‬‬
‫‪.(٥٩١‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻧﺪﺭﻱ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺭﺍﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ )ﺏ( ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻏﲑ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ ﱂ ﹸﺃﹾﺛﹺﺒﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺃﻧﺎ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ" ﺇﱃ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺃﻧﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٥٨‬‬

‫‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺛﹶﻼﹰﺛﺎ؛ ﹶﻓﹺﺈﻧ‪ ‬ﻪ ﻻ‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﺍ ِﻹﻧ‪‬ﺎ ِﺀ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐ ِ‬
‫ﻆ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﹶﻼ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﺇﹺﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻘ ﹶ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ‪.(٧)#‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪﺭﹺﻱ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺑ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰉ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﳍﻼﱄ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﰲ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٠٧‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﺛﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻓﻆ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺣﺠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺗﻐﲑ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﺑﺄﺧﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑﻤﺎ‬
‫‪‬ﺩﱠﻟﺲ؛ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ .١٩٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٣٩٥‬ﺍﻟﺴﲑ )‪.(٤٧٥-٤٥٤/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻓﻆ‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٠‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ ،٥١ :‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺟﻼﻟﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺇﺗﻘﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ .١٢٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﲑ )‪ (٣٥٠-٣٢٦/٥‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(٨٩٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺪﱐ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﲰﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﲰﻪ ﻭﻛﻨﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺑﻀﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻭﺧﻠﻖ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﺛﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺜﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﰲ ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ، ٩٤‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ .١٠٤ :‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪،(٥٣٢-٥٣١/٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(١١٥٥‬‬
‫ﻒ ﰲ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﻢ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﻛﺜﲑ‪‬ﺍ‪،‬‬‫)‪ (٥‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﱐﱡ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﻢ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻧﻪ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺨﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺧﻴﱪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺰﻡ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ، ‬ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﰲ‬
‫ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ، ٥٧‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ ، ٥٨ :‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ ،٥٩ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﲦﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ )‪ (٤٤٤-٤٢٥/٧‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪.(٦٠٣-٦٠١/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻐﺴﻠﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٣٣/٢‬ﻭ‪ ،(٥٣‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺗﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،(١٦٢) ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪$ :‬ﻓﻠﻴﻐﺴﻞ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻭﺿﻮﺋﻪ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻟﻔﻆ ‪$‬ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ‪،#‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍ ‪‬ﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻠﻔﻆ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻛﺮﺍﻫﺔ ﻏﻤﺲ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺿﺊ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻮﻙ ﰲ ﳒﺎﺳﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺀ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻏﺴﻠﻬﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ‪ ،(٢٧٨) ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻭﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺘﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (٧٢٨٠ :٢٢٥/١٢‬ﻭﺍﳊﻤﻴﺪﻱ )‪ ،(٩٥١ :٤٢٢/٢‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻧ‪‬ﻌﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺍ ﹺﺭﻣ‪‬ﻲ )‪،(٧٦٦ :٢١٦/١‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻫﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺛﻼﺛﺘﻬﻢ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ ،(٢٧٨‬ﻭﻗﹸﺘﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﻭﻳﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪$ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻤﺘﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،(١ :٦/١) ،#‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﺰﻭﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﳝﺔ )‪.(٩٩ :٥٢/١‬‬
 ‫‪٥٩‬‬

‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮ َﺀ‬ ‫)‪‬ﻟ ﹸﻜ ﱢﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ﹺﻦ‪ (٢‬ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻘ ﹶ‬
‫ﻆ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﻧﻮﻣﻪ؛ ﻗﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻓﹸﺄ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻟ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﲢﺖ ﺇﺯﺍﺭﻩ ﻓﻘﻂ)‪] ..(٤‬ﺃﻥ[ ﻳﻐﺴﻞ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ)‪ (٥‬ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻬﻤﺎ)‪ (٦‬ﰲ ﻭ‪‬ﺿﻮﺋﻪ)‪(٧‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺇﻻ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﹰﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮﺗﲔ)‪ ،(٩‬ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﻐﺴﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﺻ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺩﺧﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻭ‪‬ﺿﻮﺋﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺳﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﻐﺴﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻮﺩ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﻚ )‪ (١١‬ﻭ‪‬ﺿﻮ َﺀ ‪‬ﻩ)‪(١٢‬؛‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﳒﺎﺱﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﳒﺎﺳ ﹲﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺩ ﹴﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻮ ﹴﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺟﻴ ﹴﻊ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻹﻧﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﹶﺩﺧ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ]ﻓﻴﻪ[ ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ﱠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻠﺘﲔ)‪ (١٤‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﻼ ﹺﻝ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ﹴﺮ ‪-‬ﻭﻗﺪﺭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎ ُﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ)‪ ..-(١‬ﻓﻴﻨﺠﺲ)‪ (٢‬ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪.(٣) ‬‬
‫ﲬﺲ ‪‬ﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ﹴ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺣﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳌﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻠﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻠﻮﻟﺔ؛ ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻈﻬﲑﺓ؛ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺗﺎﻧﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺄﰐ ﲟﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻠﻮﻟﺔ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻈﻬﲑﺓ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺠﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ )ﺹ‪ ،(٨٤٠‬ﳐﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪ ،(٤٨٥‬ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )ﺹ ‪.(٤٢٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻨﺠﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﻳﻐﺴﻠﻬﺎ" !‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٥٣/٢‬ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺏ )ﺹ‪.(٦٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﺮﻳﺐ‪" :‬ﻳﻐﺴﻠﻬﻤﺎ" ﰲ ﻛﻼ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪" :‬ﺃﺩﺧﻠﻬﻤﺎ" ﺑﺪﻝ "ﺃﺩﺧﻠﻬﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﺍﺛﻨﲔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ( ﻭﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﺮﻳﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٥٣/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٥٨/١‬ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻘﻦ )‪- (٢٥٦/١‬ﻭﻋﺰﻳﺎﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،-‬ﻛﱰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٥٢/١‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﺮﻳﺐ )‪ (٤٢/٢‬ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٥٣/٢‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﺍﺣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﰲ ﻫﺎﻣﺸﻬﻤﺎ‪" :‬ﻟﻌﻠﻪ‪ :‬ﺭﺍﺋﺤﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﺭ ﹸﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﺙ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ )‪ ،(٢٠٣/٢‬ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ )‪.(١٢١٧/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺿﻠﻌﻪ‪ :‬ﺫﺭﺍﻉ ﻭﺭﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ‪ ٣٠٧ :‬ﻟﺘﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻴﺔ )ﺹ‪ ،(٣٢‬ﺍﻹﻳﻀﺎﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪.(٣٠٧‬‬
‫‪ ٦٠‬‬

‫ﻚ ﹺﺇﻻ ﹶﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻐﲑ)‪ (٦‬ﻃﻌ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻭ‬

‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ‪‬‬‫ﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ)‪ (٥‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٥‬ﻓﺄﻣ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (٤‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﲬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ﹴ‬
‫ﻟﻮ ﹲﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺭﻳ ‪‬ﺢ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﻭﺳﻮﺍ ٌﺀ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺎ ُﺀ ﻣ‪‬ﻌﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ)‪ (٨‬ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫ﺏ‪] (١٠‬ﹶﺃﻫ ﹺﻞ[ ﺍﳊﺠﺎ ﹺﺯ‪ ،‬ﻛﺒﺎﺭ‪.(١٢) (١١)/‬‬
‫ﺏ )ﻛﻘﺪ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﻮﺿﺊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻤﻀﻤﺾ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻨﺸﻖ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻐﺴﻞ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ‬
‫‪] -٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﹶﻓﹸﺄ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ‪/١)/،‬ﺏ( ﻭﻳﻐﺴﻞ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ‪] ،‬ﻭﳝﺴﺢ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ[‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻐﺴﻞ ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ)‪(١‬؛ ﳌﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺼﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻗﻴﺎ ‪‬ﺳﺎ ﳌﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻨﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻊ ﻗﺮﺑﺘﲔ ﻭﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪١١/٢‬ﻭ‪ (٢٣‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺞ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻼﻝ ﻫﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻠﺔ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﺮﺑﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﺮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﲬﺲ ﻗﺮﺏ ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻗﻠﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺘﺎﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﲬﺲ ﻗﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ : ‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻗﻠﺘﲔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳛﻤﻞ ﳒﺴ‪‬ﺎ‪ #‬ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻗﻠﺘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﳛﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺲ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١١/٢‬ﻭ‪ ،(٥٤-٥٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ،(١٨٥/١‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻮﰊ )‪.(٥٢/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪$ : ‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻗﻠﺘﲔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳛﻤﻞ ﳒﺴ‪‬ﺎ‪ #‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٠-٩/٢‬ﻭ‪٢٢‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ ،(٢٣‬ﻭﺃﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٤٦٦٥ :٢١١/٨‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﺠﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ،(٦٣) ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺠﺴﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،(٦٧) ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ ٥٢‬ﻭ‪ ،(٣٢٨‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺠﺲ )‪ ،(٥١٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫‪" : ‬ﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﳝﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ ﻭﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﱪ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﻭﻗﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﲔ"‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺮﺭ )ﺹ‪.(٣٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎﺀ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻧﻘﻂ ﺃﻭﳍﺎ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﺘﻐﲑ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺘﻐﲑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٢/٢‬ﻭ‪.(٥٤‬‬
‫ﺽ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٤٥٥/٣٥‬‬ ‫ﲔ‪ :‬ﻇﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺮ ﺗ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺟﺎ ﹺﺭﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻷﺭ ﹺ‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻣﺎ ٌﺀ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ‪‬ﻧﺼ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪" :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺏ ﻛﻘﺮﺏ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻨﺠﺲ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫‪ ، ‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﲬﺲ ﻗﺮﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻨﺠﺴﻪ؛ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻣﻌﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﻘﺮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺎﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٢‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١١/٢‬‬
 ‫‪٦١‬‬

‫‪ -٩‬ﻭﳝﺴ ‪‬ﺢ ﺭﺃ ‪‬ﺳﻪ‪‬؛ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ‪‬ﲟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﻡ ﺭﺃﺳ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻔﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﰒ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮﺩ‪‬ﳘﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﺪﺃ ﻣﻨﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٠‬ﻭﳝﺴ ‪‬ﺢ ﹸﺃ ﹸﺫ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‪‬ﳘﺎ ﻭﺑﺎﻃﻨ‪‬ﻬﻤﺎ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﺼﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺧﻲ)‪ (٦‬ﹸﺃ ﹸﺫ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺎ ًﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺓ ﺳﻮﻯ ﻣﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﻷﺫﻧﲔ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١١‬ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺳﻮﺍ ٌﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٢‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹸﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﰲ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٣‬ﻭﻻ ﳝﺴﺤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋ‪‬ﻤﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺔ)‪ (٨‬ﻭﻻ ﲬﺎ ﹴﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻮﺿﺄ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺇﻻ ) ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﹰﺓ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﺓﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮ‪‬ﺗﲔ ﻣﺮ‪‬ﺗﲔ‪ (٩‬ﺇﻻ ﺃ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺴ ﹺﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻀﺎ َﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﳘﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ)‪.(١٠‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א‪R2‬وא‪ ?48I‬قوא‪9 PrD2‬سوא‪ 3 RX‬‬

‫‪) -١٥‬ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :(١١‬ﻣﻦ)‪ (١‬ﲤﻀﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻨﺸ ‪‬ﻖ ﰲ ﹶﻏﺮﻓ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ‪‬ﺓ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ‬
‫ﺐ ﺇﱄ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻔﺮﻳﻘﻬﻤﺎ)‪ (٢‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٦٩/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )‪ ،(٧٥‬ﻛﱰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﲔ )‪.(٥٣/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ )‪ ،(١٥٩‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺻﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﻭﻛﻤﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،(٢٢٦) ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٦٩-٦٨/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻠﻴﺚ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻠﻴﺚ ﰲ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٨/٢‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺪﻝ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ‪ ‬ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٥٩/٢‬ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺏ )‪.(٦٠‬‬
‫ﺼّﻤﺎﺥ‪– :‬ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺴﺮ‪ -‬ﺧﺮﻕ ﺍﻷُﺫﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﺫﻥ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﲔ ﻟﻐﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻟﺴﻤﺎﺧﻴﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪.(٣٢٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٥٩/٢‬ﻭﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻌﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ )ﺹ‪ (٤٦٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ؛ ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻷﺫﻧﲔ ﺛﻘﺐ ﻏﲑ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻢ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻒ ﻭﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺛﻘﺐ ﺍﻷﻧﻒ ﻏﲑ ﺛﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻢ‪ ..‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﻟﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪‬ﺍ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٥٨/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮﺗﲔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻣﺮﺓ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٦٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺑﺪﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٦٢‬‬

‫‪ -١٦‬ﻭﲤﺴ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹸﺓ ﺭﺃﺳ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹸﻛﱠﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﺴ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹸﺓ ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳﻬﺎ)‪ (٤‬ﲢ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﲬﺎﺭﹺﻫﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺼ ﹶﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴ ‪‬ﺢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺳﻮﺍ ًﺀ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺣﱴ ﺻﱠﻠﻰ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺟﻨ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﳌﻀﻤﻀ ﹶﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺸﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٧‬ﻭﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺾ ﻭﺟ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻪ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﺾ ﺭﺟﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﻴ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -١٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﺴ ‪‬ﺢ ﺭﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻞ)‪ (٧‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫ﺐ ﹺﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺘﺪﺉ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮ َﺀ ﻣﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹶﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﻭ ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻗﺮﻳ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺿﻮﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻄﺎﻭﻝ)‪ (٩‬ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٩‬ﻭﺳﻮﺍ ٌﺀ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳﻌ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‪ ..‬ﱂ‬ ‫‪ -٢٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻫﻮ ﱂ ﻳﺰﺩ )ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﺴﻞ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ ، ‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻦ )ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍُ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ)‪(١٣‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﺄ ﺧﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻣﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﲡﺰﺋﻪ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺗﻔﺮﺩﳘﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﳉﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞﹸ؛ ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٥٤/٢‬ﻭﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ،(٧٥‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺭﺟﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ،(٧٥‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(١٢٣/١‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ )ﺹ‪ ،(٣٧٩‬ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻣﲔ ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ ،(٦٦/١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺃﺋﻤﺘﻨﺎ؛ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ ...‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ ..‬ﳏﻤﻮ ﹲﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍ َﻷﹶﻗﻞﱢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﳏﻤﻮ ﹲﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻛﻤﻞ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻤﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٨/٢‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٥٤/٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(١٨٩/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻏﺴﻞ"‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻻﺓ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺟﺒﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٦٥/٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(١٣١/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻄﺎﻭﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳚﺰﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻭﺍﺟﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٦٥/٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(١١٧/١‬‬
 ‫‪٦٣‬‬

‫ﺍﷲ‪  (٢‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ ) ‪‬ﺟ ﱠﻞ ﺛﹶﻨﺎﺅﻩ‪ (٣‬ﺑﺪﺃ )ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‪ (٤‬ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ]ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻘﲔ[‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﺴﹶﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻧﺴﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﻭﻏﺴﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺺ‬
‫‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﻟ‪‬ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺭﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ‪ /‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ‪ ..‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺧﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ ﹶﻞ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﻴ ‪‬ﻪ‪/‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ﹴﻞ ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﺃﹶﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺭﻣ ‪‬ﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ؛ ﻓﻜﻤﺎ ﻻ ﳚﺰﺉ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻣﻲ ﺍﳉﻤﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﹶﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ؛ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ]ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ[؛ )ﻓﺈﻥ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..(٩‬ﺃﹶﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‪‬ﻩ؛ ﻛﺎﳉﻤﺎﺭ ﺳﻮﺍ ًﺀ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﻭﻏﲑ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﲪ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺯﻳ ‪‬ﺪ‬ ‫‪(١١‬‬
‫‪ -٢١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪) :‬ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ]ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻲ[)‪ ،(٢‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻘﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻭﱠﻗﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺜﻲ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﻋﻤﺮ ]ﺑﻦ[ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪$ : ‬ﹺﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺍ َﻷ ‪‬ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻝ ﹺﺑﺎﻟﻨ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪.(٥)#‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺮﺽ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.  :‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٣‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲨﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻓﻌﻞ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٦٥/٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﺳﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪﺃ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﻭﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻲ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻠﻐﻲ ﻃﻮﺍﻓﹰﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺪﺅﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﲪﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﺍﻷﺯﺩﻱ ﺍﳉﻬﻀﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﱃ ﺁﻝ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﺯﻡ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،٩٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻬﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﺃﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺯﻣﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﳊﺠﺎﺯ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﲪﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٧٩‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﺛﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺛﺒﺖ ﻓﻘﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪ ،(٤٨١-٤٨٠/١‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(٢٦٨‬‬
‫‪ ٦٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﻖ ﺳﻮﺍﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﺠﺔ ﺛﺒﺖ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ١٤٤‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﺛﺒﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪،(٣٦٠/٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(١٠٥٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺮﻭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺛﻘﺔ ﺟﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ١٢٠‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ )‪ (١٢٤/١‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(٨١٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻘﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﺑﻦ ﳏﺼﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺜﻲ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﳛﲕ )ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻛﻨﻴﺘﻪ(‪ ،‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺙ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺜﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺍﳌﺎﺯﱐ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﺛﺒﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺳﲑ ﺃﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ )‪،(٦١/٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(٦٨٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻔﺺ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺑﻦ ﻧﻔﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﻬﻮ ‪‬ﺭ‪ ،‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺐ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ ﻓﺘﺤ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﻓﺮﺟ‪‬ﺎ ﳍﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻞ ﺑﺜﻼﺙ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺘﻞ ﺷﻬﻴﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ .٢٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ )‪ ،(١١٤٤/٣‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(٤٨٤/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺐ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻫﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ (٣٨٩٨) ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻣ‪‬ﺴﺪ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻦ ﲪ‪‬ﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﳊﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺭﻗﻢ )‪(٦٩٥٣‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﲪ‪‬ﺎﺩ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪$ ‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻴﺔ‪(١٩٠٧) #‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﲨﻊ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﲪ‪‬ﺎﺩ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﲪ‪‬ﺎﺩ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﲪ‪‬ﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺋﺲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﱠﻠﻘﹰﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﱂ ﻳﺮﻭﻩ ﰲ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻖ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳉﺰﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ )‪ ،(٢٦١-٢٦٠/١‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪$ :‬ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻴﺔ‪ ، #‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬
‫"ﺇﳕﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬
‫ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ‪$‬ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻴﺎﺕ‪ #‬ﺛﻠﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪.(١٦٣/١‬‬
 ‫‪٦٥‬‬

‫‪ | -٢٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ)‪ (١‬ﹶﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ‪ :‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻨﱯ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻋﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻘﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻭﱠﻗﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪، ‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣﹾﺜﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺿﹶﺄ ﻻ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﺑ ‪‬ﻮﺿﻮ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬ﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ (٦)/‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭ ﹶﺓ؛ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺗﱪ ‪‬ﺩﺍ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫‪ -٢٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ)‪ (٥‬ﺗﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﻣﺎﻃﺔ ﻏﺒﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻼ ﹰﺓ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻧﺎﻓﻠ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺟﻨﺎﺯ ﹰﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻗﺮﺍﺀ ﹶﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭ ﹶﺓ‬ ‫‪ -٢٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻒ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣﺼﺤ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻧﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻩ ﳉﻨﺎﺯ ‪‬ﺓ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑ ﹸﺔ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻧﻮﻯ ﻟﻠﻄﻬﺎﺭ ‪‬ﺓ ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺯﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻌﻨﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻨﱯ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺛﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻌﺒﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﲏ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ‬‫ﲔ ﻭﺍﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﻋﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣﻌ ﹴ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﻻ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ٢٢١‬ﲟﻜﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪-٤٣٣/٢‬‬
‫‪ ،(٤٣٤‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(٥٤٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﻷﺻﺒﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺒﲑ ﺍﳌﺘﺜﺒﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﺃﺻﺢ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ؛ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ ،٩٣‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ .١٩٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ )‪.(٩١٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺒﺎﱐ ﻋﻨﻪ )ﺹ‪ ،(٩٨٣ :٣٤١‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺂﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻨﱯ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﳊ‪‬ﺴﺒﺔ‪ ،(٥٤) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪$ : ‬ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻴﺔ‪.(١٩٠٧) #‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/١‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٦٣-٦٢/٢‬ﻭ‪ ،(٨٩‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٩/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﻷﰊ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ )ﺹ‪ ،(٣٤٣-٣٤٢‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﻠﱠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٦٣-٦٢/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٧٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٦٣-٦٢/٢‬ﻭ‪.(٨٩‬‬
‫‪ ٦٦‬‬

‫‪ -٢٧‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻐﺴ ﹸﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺑﺔ‪ ..‬ﻣﺜﻞ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﻨﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א‪ D4mI‬ل'‪x‬א(? ‪ P‬‬

‫‪) -٢٨‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ‪ :(٤‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﳉﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺑﻐﺴ ﹺﻞ ﻳﺪﻳ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﻐﺴﻞ ﻓﺮﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫]ﰲ[ ﺍﳌﺎ ِﺀ‪ ،‬ﰒ ‪‬ﺧﱠﻠ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﺃﺻﻮ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﺿﹸﺄ ﻣﺜ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻭﺿﻮ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﻠﺼﻼ ‪‬ﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺭﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﺃﺻﺎﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻞ ﺇﱃ ﹸﺃﺻﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺷﻌ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺎ ِﺀ ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ؛ ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻢ ﺭﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺙ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﺮﻓﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻌ ﹺﺮ)‪ ،(٦‬ﰒ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻪ ﺛﻼ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﹶﻇ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻦ ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﺴ ﹸﻞ ﹸﺃ ﹸﺫ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻇﺎﻫ ‪‬ﺮﳘﺎ ﻭﺑﺎﻃ‪‬ﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺴ ﹺﻞ؛ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺼﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻲ)‪ (٩‬ﹸﺃ ﹸﺫ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺓ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﰒ ﻳﻐﺴ ﹸﻞ ﺳﺎﺋ ‪‬ﺮ ﺟﺴ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ)‪.(١٢) (١١‬‬
‫ﺴﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺄﺧ ﹸﺬ ]ﻣﺎ ًﺀ[ ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩‬ﻭﹶﺃﹶﻗ ﱡﻞ ﻣﺎ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ)‪ (١٣‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺴﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻢ‪/٢)/‬ﺏ( ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺑﺎﳌﺎ ِﺀ‬
‫ﹸﻛﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(١٤‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ)‪ (١‬ﻟﻠﺮﺟ ﹺﻞ)‪ (٢‬ﺿﻔﺎﺋ ‪‬ﺮ)‪ ، (٤)/(٣‬ﺃﻭ)‪ (٥‬ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃ ‪‬ﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ ‪‬ﺟﻨ‪‬ﺒﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﳑﺘﺸﻄﺔ؛ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻓﺎﺿﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺳﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﻨﺎ‪ ..‬ﺗﻀﻐﻂ)‪ (٦‬ﺍ ﹸﳌﺸﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻔﺎﺋﺮ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺃﺻﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺋﺾ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻬﺮﺕ‪ ..‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺐ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ،(٤٩/١‬ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻌﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ )ﺹ‪.(٣٤٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٨٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺳﻘﻄﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﻌﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺷﻌﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﺴﻤﺎﺧﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٨٨/٢‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺷﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٨٦/٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﲤﺰﻕ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٨٥/٢‬ﻭ‪ ،(٨٩‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(١٨٨/١‬‬ ‫)‪(١٤‬‬
 ‫‪٦٧‬‬

‫ﺴ‪‬ﻠﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻏﺴﻼﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻣﺎ‬

‫ﺴﻼ ﺃﺭ ‪‬ﺟﹶﻠﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﳜﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣١‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﻏﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺴﻠﻬﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫ﳜﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻐﺘﺴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺿﻮﺋﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﻴﻀﺎ)‪ (٩‬ﺍﳌﺎ َﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻠ ‪‬ﺪﳘﺎ)‪ ..(١٠‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﳘﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪ ‬ﺮﺍ )ﻭﺍﻏﺘﺴﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،(١١‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻧﻐﻤﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -٣٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺩﺧ ﹶﻞ ﺍﳉﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ‬
‫ﱄ ﻟﻮ ﺗﻮﺿﺄ ﻭﺿﻮ َﺀ ‪‬ﻩ ﻟﻠﺼﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪ ‪‬ﺧﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪] ،‬ﰒ[ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺴ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﹸﻛﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺣﻴ ﹸ‬ ‫‪ -٣٣‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐﺇﹼ‬
‫ﺱ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻮﺿﺄ‪،‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻞ ﺍﳌﺎ ُﺀ ﺇﱃ ﹸﺃﺻﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺷﻌ ﹺﺮ ﺍﳉﺴ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺃ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻠﻐﺎﻥ)‪ (١٣‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻇﻬ ﹴﺮ ﻭﺑﻄ ﹴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﱢﻠ ﹸﻞ ﺷﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ؛ ‪‬ﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﱢﻠ ﹾﻞ ﺷﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﻳﺪﻳ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ‪ ‬ﺮﺍ‪) ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻓﺎﺽ‪ (١٥‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺇﻓﺎﺿ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻴﻘ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻭ)‪ (١٤‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻗﺪ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﹸﺃﺻﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺷﻌ ﹺﺮ ﺭﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﱃ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ)‪.(١٧‬‬ ‫‪ -٣٤‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﳚﺰﺋﻬﺎ )ﻣﺎ ﳚﺰﺉ ﺍﳉﻨﺐ‪ ،(١٦‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﳉﻨ ﹺ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺾ ﻧﺴﺠ‪‬ﺎ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺮ‬
‫ﻀﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻌ ﹴ‬
‫)‪" (٣‬ﺿﻔﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪ :‬ﺫﻭﺍﺋﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻀﻔﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﺿﻔﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﺫﺍ ﹸﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫)ﺹ‪.(٥١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٤‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﻀﻐﺖ !‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٨٦/٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(١٨٩/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٨٦/٢‬ﻭ‪.(٩٥‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻮ ‪‬ﻥ ﻟﻐ ﹲﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻠ ﹲﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺛﺒﺎ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻳﻔﻴﺾ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﻳﻔﻴﻀﺎﻥ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺏ‪ ‬ﲝﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺛﺒﺖ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﻷﺛﺒﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻌﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺥ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺻﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪.(٢٢٢/١) .‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺟﻠﻮﺩﳘﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻏﺘﺴﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٨٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺒﻠﻐﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪) :‬ﻭ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺄﻓﺎﺽ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٨٦/٢‬‬
‫‪ ٦٨‬‬

‫ﺐ ﹶﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﺘﺴ ﹶﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺮ ﻣ‪‬ﻌﻴﻨ ﹰﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻭ ﺩﺍﺋﻤ ﹰﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻛﺪ ]ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ‬
‫‪ -٣٥‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﻟﻠﺠﻨ ﹺ‬
‫ﳚﺮﻱ[ ‪) ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﻌﻞ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ (٢‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﺠﺲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻮﺍ ٌﺀ)‪ (٣‬ﻗﻠﻴ ﹸﻞ ﺍﳌﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻛ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻛﺜ ‪‬ﲑ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻏﺘﺴﺎ ﹶﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮ ﹶﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ)‪(٤‬؛ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﺾ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺋ ﹺ‬
‫ﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺿﻮ ِﺀ ﺑﻔﻀ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳉﻨ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٣٦‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ)‪ (٨‬ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪@ :‬ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺎ ُﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻪ ﻧﺒ ‪‬ﻊ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ | -٣٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ)‪ (٧‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ‪ :‬ﲰﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﰊ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹴ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺎ ُﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻛ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻧﺒﻊ ﻟﻪ!‪.‬‬

‫‪W'Y6 P‬א ‪ gM‬‬

‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺑﺒﻄ ﹺﻦ ﹶﻛ ﱢﻔ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻔﻀ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ]‪‬ﺎ[؛‬ ‫‪) -٣٨‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ (٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺬ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺎﻫ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﳚﺮﻱ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺮ )ﺹ‪ ،(٦٠‬ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(١٨٠/٣٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻭ ﹰﺓ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(١٩٥/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٢٢٧/٢‬ﻭ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻢ‪ ،(٢٣٩) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻛﺪ‪ ،(٢٨١) ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻻ‬
‫ﻳ‪‬ﺒﻮﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﻛﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋ ﹺﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﳚﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳ‪‬ﻐﺘﺴ ﹸﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪$ :‬ﻣﻨﻪ‪.#‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺗﻮﺿﺄ ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٦٤/٢‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(١٨٧/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٨٧/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻭﻳﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰉ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺍﻷﺻﺒﺤﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰉ ﺃﻭﻳﺲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﱐ )ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺧﺖ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺴﻴﺒﻪ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٣٩‬ﻗﺮﺃ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺟﻮ‪‬ﺩﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺳﻮﺍﻫﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻕ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻄﹶﺄ ﰲ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳ ﹶ‬
‫ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،٢٢٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﺻﺪﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺳﲑ ﺃﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ )‪ ،(٣٩٥-٣٩١‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪ ،(١٥٧/١‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(١٤١‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٦٩‬‬

‫ﻕ ﺛﻮﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﻀ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪ /‬ﺇﻟﻴﻪ؛ ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ]ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ[ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺎﻫ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٣٩‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﻈﻬ ﹺﺮ ﹶﻛ ﱢﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﻑ ﹶﺃﺻﺎﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻇﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﹺﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻈﻬ ﹺﺮ ﹶﻛ ﱢﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺒﻄﹺﻨﻬﺎ؛ ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺎﻫ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﹺﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺿﻮﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺩﻭﻧﻪ ﺣﺎﺋ ﹲﻞ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺑﻄﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻒ‪ ..(٤)/‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٤١‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﻫﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻟﺰﻣﺘﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻓﻀﻰ ﺑﺒﻄﻦ ﻛﻔﻪ‪ ..‬ﻷﻥ )ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺿﺄ‪ ،(٧)#‬ﻭﺍﻹﻓﻀﺎ ُﺀ‪ ..‬ﹺﺑ‪‬ﺒ ﹾﻄ ﹺﻦ‬
‫ﹺﺇﱃ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺍﷲ‪  (٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﹺﺇﺫﺍ ﹶﺃﻓﻀﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ﹺﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ‬
‫ﻒ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻈﺎﻫ ﹺﺮﻫﺎ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﹶﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ‬
‫ﺏ ﺑﺒﻄ ﹺﻦ ﹶﻛ ﱢﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻭﺿﻮﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺛﻮ ﹴ‬
‫ﺲ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٤٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻩ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﻟﺜﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٤/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٤-٣‬ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺏ )ﺹ‪ ،(٦٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٧١-٧٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٥‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٤-٤٣/٢‬ﻭﺃﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٨٤٠٤ :١٣٠/١٤‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ )‪،(١١١٨ :٤٠٢/٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ )‪ ،(٨٩٠٩ :٣٧٢/٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ ،(١٣١/٢‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺲ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ‪ ،(٤٤٥) ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ ،(١٣٢/١‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ‬
‫)‪ ،(١٣٦/١‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﺴﺮﺓ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺻﻔﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﱪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ )‪:(١٩٥/١٧‬‬
‫"ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ‪ ..‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ )‪ (١٢٣٥ :٢٣٧/٣‬ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﲔ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳊﺒﲑ )‪ ،(٣٤٧/١‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺷﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٤/٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٥/١‬‬
‫ﺴﻬﺎ ﺑﺒﺎﻃﻦ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺳﺠﻮﺩﻩ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﺎﺡ )‪،(٢٤٥٥/٦‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻱ‪" :‬ﺃﻓﻀﻰ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻻﺭﺽ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٢٤٢/٣٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٦/٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٥/١‬‬
‫‪ ٧٠‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺲ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ]ﺃﻭ ﹸﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺩﺑ ‪‬ﺮﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺱ ﻫﺬﺍ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ‬
‫‪ -٤٣‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﹺﺇ ﱠﻥ ﻗﻴﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ‪..‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺑﻌﻀ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌ ﹴ‬
‫ﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﻰ ]ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ[ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﱯ[‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ)‪(٣‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺃﻧﺜﻴﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺑﻄﻴﻪ)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﻟﻴﺘﻴﻪ ]ﺇﱃ[ ﻣﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻭﺿﻮﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٤٤‬ﻭ]ﻣﻦ[ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺭ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٤٥‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻭﺿﻮ َﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﻞ ﻃﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﻭ ]ﺷﺮﺏ[ ﺷﺮﺍ‪‬ﺑﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א‪%rD2‬א‪ hX‬‬

‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫‪) -٤٦‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ (٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﳝﺴ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﺛﻼﺛ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﺎ ﹴﻡ ﻭﻟﻴﺎﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻘﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﻠﺔ)‪(٩‬؛ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪.(١١)/ (١٠) ‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﺇﳕﺎ ﳛﺴﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺣﲔ‬
‫ﺙ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺜ ﹺﻞ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٤٧‬ﻭﳛﺴﺐ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺣﲔ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺪ ﹸ‬
‫ﳝﺴﺢ)‪ ،(١٢‬ﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺣﲔ ﻳﻠﺒﺲ)‪ ،(١٣‬ﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺣﲔ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺲ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﻭ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٤/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٥/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﺑﻄﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٤/٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٦-٣٥/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٦/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٤‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪١٥٢/١‬ﻭ‪.(١٥٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٧٦/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٩‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(٩٨/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٧٥-٧٤/٢‬ﻭﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٩‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮﺓ ‪. ‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻔﲔ‪ ،(٢٧٦) ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﺟﻌ ﹶﻞ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ ‬ﺛﻼﺛ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﹴﻡ ﻭﹶﻟﻴﺎﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻦ ﻟﻠﻤ‪‬ﺴﺎﻓ ﹺﺮ ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻟﻴﻠ ﹰﺔ ﻟﻠ ‪‬ﻤﻘﻴ ﹺﻢ‪.#‬‬ ‫ﺍِ‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٢‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻠﺒﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳝﺴﺢ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٧١‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃﻛﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛ ‪‬ﺔ ﹶﺃﻳﺎ ﹴﻡ ﻭﻟﻴﺎﻟﻴ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮ ﹴﻡ ﻭﻟﻴﻠ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﳌﻘﻴ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫‪ -٤٨‬ﻓﺈﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻴﺎﻫﺎ ﳌﺎ‪ (٣‬ﺯﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩﺍ ﹸﻛ ﱠﻞ ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ) ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ‬ ‫ﲔ ﰲ )ﺍﻟﺴﻔ ﹺﺮ ﻭﺍﳊﻀ ﹺﺮ‪ (٥‬ﹺﺇﻻ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻃﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻔ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٤٩‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ‬
‫ﳋ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺿﹶﺄ)‪ (٨‬ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮﻯ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻬﺎ ﺍ ﹸ‬ ‫ﻒ ﰒ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﳋ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ ﹶﻞ)‪ (٧‬ﹺﺇ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﻯ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﺟﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﰒ ﹶﺃﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻬﺎ ﺍ ﹸ‬ ‫ﺿﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺧ ﱠﻔ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍ َﻷ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻝ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻞ)‪ (٩‬ﻃﻬﺎﺭ ﹶﺓ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ﹺﻞ‬
‫ﳋ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮﻯ‪ ..‬ﻓﹺﺈ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻻ ﳚﻮ ‪‬ﺯ‪/٣)/‬ﺏ( ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻤﺴ ‪‬ﺢ؛ َﻷ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻟﹺﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲﺍﹸ‬
‫ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮﻯ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﺉ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻮﺿﻮ َﺀ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺐ ﹺﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٥٠‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻟﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﺧ ﱠﻔﻴﻪ ﰒ ﻣﺴ ‪‬ﺢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﰒ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻬﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﱂ ‪‬ﻳﻔﻌ ﹾﻞ ﻭﻏﺴ ﹶﻞ ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻬﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺢ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(١١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٧٦/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٩‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٥١٢-٥١١/١‬ﻛﱰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٥٧/١‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬
‫)‪ ،(٩٩/١‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‪" :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻋﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺛﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺣﲔ ﳝﺴﺢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳊﺪﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﻲ ﳓﻮﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺩﺍﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺟﺢ ﺩﻟﻴ ﹰ‬
‫"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻘﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺼﻠﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﲟﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٧٦/٢‬ﻭ‪ ،(٧٧‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻀﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺇﺣﺪﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻐﺴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﻮﺿﺄ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﻜﻤﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٧٢-٧١/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٩‬ﻛﱰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٥٨/١‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪،(٩٦-٩٥/١‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺢ ﻟﺒﺲ ﺧﻔﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﹸﻃ ‪‬ﻬ ﹴﺮ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﺴ ‪‬ﺢ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ"‪.‬‬
‫ﱐ ﺧﻼﻓﹶﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪":‬ﻛﻴﻔﻤﺎ ‪‬‬‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺰ ﱡ‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺼ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ ﻣﻦ "ﺍﻷُﻡ" )‪ ،(٣٣٠/٨‬ﻭﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‬
‫)ﺹ‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺾ ﻭﺿﻮﺅﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٧٨/٢‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٧٢‬‬

‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ)‪(١‬؛ ﳌﺎ ]ﻗﺪ[ ‪‬ﺭ ﹺﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺴﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻬﻤﺎ ﹺﺑ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٥١‬ﻭﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻞ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﺟﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ‪-‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺧ ﱠﻔﻴ ‪‬ﻪ‪- ،‬ﺃﻭ ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﰒ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻨﺎﺯ ‪‬ﺓ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺿﹶﺄ ﻭﺧﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺗﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻓﺮ‪ -(٤)/‬ﺧ ﱠﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﻠﺠﻨﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪-‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮ ﹺﻡ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﻴ ﹺﻢ‬
‫ﳋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲﺍﹸ‬
‫ﻼﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻟ ﱠ‬
‫‪] -٥٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ [:‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ﹺﺰ ‪‬‬
‫ﳉ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﻦ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻜ ﱢﻞ ﻣﻮﺿ ﹴﻊ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺴﻞ ﰲ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺞ)‪ (٨‬ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻴﺒﻪ)‪ (٥‬ﻻ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹺﻞ ﺍ ﹸ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ ‪‬ﺓ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻔ ﹺﺮ‬
‫ﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻀ ﹺﺮ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﳋ ﱠﻔ ﹺ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴ ﹺﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍ ﹸ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
‫‪] -٥٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ [:‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎ ﹸﻝ ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﺴﺎ ُﺀ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺻﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻛﱰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٦١/١‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٥٥٣/١‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻘ ﹶﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓﹶ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻧﺼﻪ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ )‪" (٥٥٧/١‬ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﺬﺍﻫﺐ‪ ...‬ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﻻ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻏﲑﻩ؛ ﺑﻞ ﻃﻬﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﳛﺪﺙ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﱂ ﳜﻠﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻗﻮﻯ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻱ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٥٥٣/١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ )‪" :(٥٥٦/١‬ﰒ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻴﻪ ﻏﺴﻞ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄ ّﹺﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﻏﺴﹶﻠﻬﻤﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻃﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﻻ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ"‪.‬‬‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﱰ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﲔ ﻓﻐﺴﻠﻬﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﻫﻞ ﲡﺐ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻻﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻻ؟‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ )‪ (٤٣ :٣٧-٣٦/١‬ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ‬ﺑﺎ ﹶﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﻮﺿﺄ ﻓﻐﺴﻞ‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺧ ﱠﻔ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﰒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﲔ ﺩﺧ ﹶﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺠ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﻭﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﻣﺴﺢ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻲ ﳉﻨﺎﺯ ‪‬ﺓ ‪‬ﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٦٧/٢‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ (٨٤/١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺻﺤﻴ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻘﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٦‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﺼﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٧٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻺﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﺠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻛﱰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﲔ )‪ (٥٧/١‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(١٠٠-٩٩/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺻﻔﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٧٣‬‬

‫ﺼﱠﻠﻰ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﲢﻀﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬

‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳ ﹺﻦ؛ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﺧ ﱠﻔ‪‬ﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻄﻬ ﹺﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺑ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻴ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٥٤‬ﻭﺗﱰ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺑﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﺩﻟﻔﺔ‪،‬‬‫ﻭﻟﻠﺠﻤﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﺇﻥ ﺣﻀﺮ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟ ﹸﻄﻬﻮ ﹺﺭ ﺩﺧﻮ ﹺﻝ ﻣﻜ ﹶﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍ ﹺﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﲎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻊ ﻳ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻣﻦ)‪ (١‬ﲢﺖ ﺍ ﹸ‬
‫ﳋ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٥٥‬ﻭﻳﺄﺧ ﹸﺬ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳝﺴ ‪‬ﺢ‪ ..‬ﺍﳌﺎ َﺀ ﺑﻴﺪﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺮﺳﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹰﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹰﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﻠ ﹸﻎ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ ]ﺇﱃ[ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﲔ ﺣﺬﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬
‫] ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ[ ﹶﻓﻮ‪‬ﻗ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﳝﺴ ‪‬ﺢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٥٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺰﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﳝﺴﺢ ﻇﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺧ ﱠﻔﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﹶﺟﺰﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻩ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺻﻼﱠﻫﺎ)‪ (٦‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺴ ﹺﺢ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺢ ﹶﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﻛ ﱠﻞ ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٥٧‬ﻓﹺﺈﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺢ ﹶﺃﺳ ﹶﻔﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א ‪ aR4‬‬

‫‪) -٥٨‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ (٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹺ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳌﺎ َﺀ ﰲ ﺳﻔﺮﻩ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ؛ ﻭﺳﻮﺍ ٌﺀ ﻗﺼ ‪‬ﲑ‬
‫‪(١٠‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔ ﹺﺮ ﻭﻃﻮﻳﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﺎﻟﺴﻔﺮ ]ﰲ ﻗﺼﺮ[ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ)‪(٩‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ )ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺴ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ..‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ)‪ ،(١) (١٢‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺤ ‪‬ﺪﻭﺍ)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ﹺﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِﷲ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﻭﺍ)‪ (١١‬ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٠‬ﻛﱰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٦٠/١‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ ،(٩٨/١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪:‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﻤﺲ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﻀ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﻛ ﱠﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﲢﺖ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺍﳋﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﱠﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻴﻤﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻌﻪ‪،‬‬‫"ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﰒ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻴﻤﲎ ﺇﱃ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻌﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٠‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(٩٨/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺻﻠﱠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٠‬ﻛﱰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﲔ )‪.(٦١/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﺼﻼﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺟﺪﻭﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١١‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺮ )ﺹ‪.(١١١‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﺍﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﻴﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻓﺮﺍﺳﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺑﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﻣﻴ ﹰ‬
‫‪ ٧٤‬‬

‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫)‪] (٣‬ﻓﻴﻪ[ ﻣﻄﻠ ‪‬ﻖ‪]  ®¬ «  ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،٤٣ :‬ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ ،[٦ :‬ﹶﻓ ﹸﻜ ﱡﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻗ ‪‬ﻊ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﺳ ‪‬ﻢ ﺳﻔ ﹴﺮ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﳌﺎ ُﺀ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ[)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪] -٥٩‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺳﻔ ﹴﺮ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻔ ﹺﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ﹺﻢ ﺑﺈﻋﻮﺍ ﹺﺯ ﺍﳌﺎ ِﺀ[؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳ ﹴﻖ ﻳﺪﺭ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻪ‪ /‬ﺍﳌﺎ ُﺀ‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪] -٦٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺣﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ[‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻄﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﺑﺎﳌﺎ ِﺀ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺓ‬ ‫ﺨ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﺮ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ)‪ (٧‬ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ]ﺍﻟﻮﻗ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﲟﻌﺮﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃﻭ ﹺﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺁﺧ ﹺﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ‪ ،  ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪-٣٦٢/٢‬‬
‫‪ ،(٣٦٣‬ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻚ )‪ (١١ :١٤٨-١٤٧/١‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺎﱂ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭ)‪ (١٢‬ﻭ)‪ (١٤‬ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭ)‪ (١٥‬ﺑﻼﻏﹰﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒ‪‬ﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ ،(٥٢٨-٥٢٤/٢‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪-٤٤٣/٢‬‬
‫‪ ،(٤٤٦‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪.(١٣٦/٣‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳊﺒﲑ )‪ (١١٧/٢‬ﻋﻦ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‪" :‬ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹶﺓ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺮﻓﺔ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻻ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺇﱃ ‪‬ﻋﺴ‪‬ﻔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﱃ ﺟﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻒ‪ ،#‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﺌﻞ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺸﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺴﲑﺓ ﻟﻴﻠﺘﲔ ﻗﺎﺻﺪﺗﲔ ﺩﺑﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﺳﲑ‬
‫"ﻭﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﻣﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻞ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٦٣٦/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﱂ ﳚﺪﻭﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻴﻤﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٩٧/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٧‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ ،(٢٨٦/١‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(٢٦٢-٢٦١/١‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ‪) ،‬ﺹ‪ ،(٩٠٨‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺣﻜﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻘﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫)‪ ،(٢٨٦/١‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﳚﻮﺯ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﻍ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﺼﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﲔ‪ ...‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﳚﻮﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ...‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪» :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺳﻔﺮ ﻳﻘﺼﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ« ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺟﻌﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻗﺼﲑ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﳑﻦ ﺳﻠﻚ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ‪-‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ‪ -‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﲑ ﻛﺎﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٣٥١/٢‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺤﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﲏ )‪.(٣١١/١‬‬
‫ﺐ ﰲ ﻫﺎﻣﺶ )ﻡ( ﻭﲞﻂ ﻣ‪‬ﻐﺎﻳ ﹴﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺼ‪‬ﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﹸﻛ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﻴﻞ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ"‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﳍﺎ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺇﳊﺎﻕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‪" :‬ﻭﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻗﺼﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﻭﻃﻮﻳﻠﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﻓﻠﻴﺆﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ"‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻓﻠﻴﺆﺧﺮ"‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٧٥‬‬

‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﺖ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﺧ ﹺﺮ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪(١‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﰲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹺﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻗ ‪‬‬ ‫ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳ ﹴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﰲ ﺁﺧ ﹺﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٦١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺓ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺘﻮﺿﺄ ]ﺑﻪ[ ﳌﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٦٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ )ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﻴﺲ‪ (٣‬ﻳﻄﻤﻊ ]ﻓﻴﻬﺎ[ ﲟﺎﺀ ﻭﻻ ﲟﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺓ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹺﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ‪ (٨)/‬ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺃﻭ‬
‫‪ -٦٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻪ ﰲ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻄﻠﺒﻪ ﻓﻠﻢ)‪ (٦‬ﳚﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ)‪ (٧‬‬
‫ﺤﻮ ﹴﻝ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻚ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺣﲔ ﺗﻴﻤﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻏ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﺰﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﺽ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺭﺣﻞ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٦٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﱂ ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻭﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ‪@ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺳﺄﻟﺘﻨﺎ ﻣﻨﻌﻨﺎﻙ!‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‪@ :‬ﺃﻋﻄﻴﻨﺎﻙ!؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﺌ ‪‬ﺮ ﺗﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ)‪ (١٢‬ﺇﱃ ﺟﻨ ﹺ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓ ﹺﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﱪﻛ ﹸﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿ ﹺﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫‪ -٦٥‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺒﻠﻐﻪ)‪ (١٣‬ﻗﺒﻞ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ]ﺑﻪ[‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٩٨-٩٧/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٠١-٣٠٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٨-٧‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٠٢-٣٠٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﱂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٧‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٩٨/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٨‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٣٠٥-٣٠٤/٢‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺛﻮﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٨٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺒﻠﻐﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٧٦‬‬

‫‪] -٦٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪" ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪» :‬ﺇﻥ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ«‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺻﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ[)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٦٧‬ﻭﹺﺇﻥ ﻃﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻓﻘﺎ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﳌﺎ َﺀ ﻓﻠﻢ ‪‬ﻳﻌﻄﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮﻯ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻣﺒﺎ ‪‬ﺣﺎ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﺣﺎﺋ ﹲﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ‪..‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ‪‬ﺗﹶﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺒ ﹴﻊ ﺃﻭ)‪ (٣‬ﻧﺎ ﹴﺭ ﺃﻭ)‪ (٤‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹴﻞ‪ (٥)/‬ﺻﺎﺋ ﹴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍ َﻷ ﹾﻏﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﻭﺍﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﰲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹺﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻭﺁﺧ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻩ ]ﺫﻟﻚ[؛ ﻷ ﱠﻥ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺑﺌ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮﺷﺎ ِﺀ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻻ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎﺋﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪ -٦٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﹶﺃﻋﻮ ‪‬ﺯ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﳌﺎ َﺀ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﹶﺃﺻﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﳌﺎ ُﺀ‬
‫ﺸ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﺛﻴﺎﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ﺑﻌ ﹺ‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻞ ﺇﱃ ﹶﻃ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﹺﺑ‪‬ﻨﺰﻭ ﹴﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﺎﺋﻬﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﺄ ]ﺑﻪ[‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻞ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫ﰒ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﺼ‪‬ﺮﻩ)‪ (١٠‬ﻭﻳﺘﻮ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٦٩‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (١‬ﱂ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺁﺧ ﹺﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺘﻴﻤﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٩٨/٢‬ﻭﻧﺼﻪ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺑﺌﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻗﺮﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﻋﺎﺩ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﹰﺎ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪" :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺮ ﺃﺻ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ‪ ...‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪» :‬ﻻ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ«‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪» :‬ﲡﺐ ﺍﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ«‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻷﻭﻝ‪ ..‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺮ ﺧﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ ..‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻭﺟﻪ‪ ...‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‪ ..‬ﻭﺟﺒﺖ ﺍﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ؛‬
‫ﻟﺘﻘﺼﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻔ‪‬ﻴ ﹰﺔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﲡﺐ؛ ﻟﻌﺪﻡ ﺗﻘﺼﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪.(٣٠٦/٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٢‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٩٩/٢‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳ‪‬ﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻮﺯ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﺟ ﹸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹺﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀُ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺯًﺍ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻮﺯ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻲ ُﺀ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺣﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٢٥١/١٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺷﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﹶﺒﻞﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺷﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺮﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻗﻌﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(١٥٤/٣٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺼﺮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٩٨/٢‬‬
 ‫‪٧٧‬‬

‫ﺐ ﹺﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ)‪] (٢‬ﻭﻻ‬

‫ﺖ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﹺﺭﺷﺎ ٌﺀ ﰲ ﺁﺧ ﹺﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖﻭ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٧٠‬ﻓﺈﻥ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹺﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ[‪.‬‬
‫ﻉ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺘﺮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪ -٧١‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻮﺯﻩ ﭐﳌﺎ ُﺀ ﻣﻦ ﭐﳌﺴﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ‪/٤)/‬ﺏ( ﻓﺄﺻﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻣﺎ ًﺀ ‪‬ﻳﺒﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻳﻪ ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺟ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺳﻔﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺟ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﺫ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﻴ ‪‬ﻤﻢ ﻭﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻣﻜﻨﻪ ﭐﳌﺎ ُﺀ ﺑﺈﻋﻄﺎﺋﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺇ‪‬ﺗﺒﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﭐﳌﺎ ِﺀ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺻﺎﺣ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻔ ﹺﻲ ﭐﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ)‪..(٧‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ ﲦﻨﻪ)‪ ..(٦‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻄﻪ ﺻﺎﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﳌﺎ ِﺀ ﺇﻻ ﹺﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺇ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،(٨)/‬ﻭﭐﻟ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٧٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﭐﳌﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺤﺮﻑ ﺇﱃ ﭐﳌﺎﺀ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺮ‪‬ﺑﻬﺎ؛ ﺑﭑ َﻷﻣ ﹺﺮ‬
‫ﻑ‬
‫ﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﭐﻻﻧﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﻰ ﭐﻟﻄﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﭐﳋﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺨﱡﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﭐﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻀﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﭐﻟ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺪﺓ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭﭐﻟﻌﻠﺔ ﺑﺒﺪﻧﻪ ﻭﺩﺍﺑﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﭐﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﭐﻟ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ)‪.(١٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻴﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺑﺘﻴﺎﻋﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﺎﺀ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٨‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٩٨/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻋﻄﻴﻪ ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻳﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺘﻴﻤﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻨﻌﻪ!‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٩٨/٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(٢٠٩/١‬‬
‫‪ ٧٨‬‬

‫ﺐ ﭐﳌﺘﻴﻤ ﹺﻢ ﺍﳌﺎ َﺀ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺎ ِﺀ ﳝﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻭﴰﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‬
‫‪ -٧٣‬ﻭﻃﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﻠﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺳﻬﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻻ ﺣﺎﺋﻞ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻧﻈﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺒ ﹴﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻛﺪﻳﺔ)‪ (١‬ﻭﻻ ﻏﲑﻩ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﻨﺎ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻫﻮ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫‪ -٧٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ﺣﺎﺋ ﹲﻞ ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻈ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﻗﺮﻳ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳓﺮﺍﹸﻓ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﻟﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪-‬ﻟﻘﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ -‬ﰲ‬
‫ﺐ ﭐﳌﺎ َﺀ ﻓﻮﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃﻭ ﲢ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻭ ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻣﺎ ًﺀ ﻗﺮﻳ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃﺗﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻄﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﳑﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﻨﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﺇﻻ ﭐﻻﳓﺮﺍﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻀﺮ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﻨﺎ)‪ ..(٣‬ﻓﺎﻟ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﳚﺰﹸﺋﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٧٥‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﱪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻳﻈﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﻳﻈﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻢ ﲟﻴﺎﻩ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﻟﻠﻄﻠﺐ‬
‫ﳝﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻭﴰﺎ ﹰﻻ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺧﻠﻔﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻓﻀﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺄﺕ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻧﻈﺮﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺟﺒﻞ ﻭﻛﺪﻳﺔ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺮﻳ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﻻ )ﻳﻀﺮ ﺑﻪ‪ (٥‬ﻓﻴﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ)‪ (٦‬ﺗﺮﻙ ‪‬ﺧﱠﻠ ﹰﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﳋﻼ ﹺﻝ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ‬
‫ﺐ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ؛ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳌﺎ َﺀ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﳚﺪﻩ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ)‪ (٧‬ﺗﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻠ ﹺ‬
‫‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٧٦‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‪ /‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓ ﹺﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ﻟﻄﻠ ﹺ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻛﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ﺿﺮ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻟﻮ ‪‬ﻋﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎ َﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿ ﹺﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻴﺎﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺐ ﻓﻼ)‪ (٥‬ﳚﺪ ﭐﳌﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﭐﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﭑﻟﻨﻈﺮ)‪ (٦‬ﻭﭐﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﺬﺍ)‪ ..(٤‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﭐﳌﺎ َﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﻄﻠ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻐﻠﻴﻈﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺷﻲﺀ‬
‫ﺻ ﹾﻠﺐ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﲔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﶈﻜﻢ )‪ ،(١٠٣/٧‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٣٨٠/٣٩‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ ،(٢٩٠/١‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ )ﺹ‪.(٩٠٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺻﻔﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ )ﺹ‪ ،(٩٠٥‬ﻭﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﲟﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻀﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺰﻕ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٩٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻔﺔ‪ :‬ﺇﺗﻴﺎﻧﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼﺪ‪‬ﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃﺗ‪‬ﺎﻫ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﹰﺓ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺧﺮ‪‬ﻯ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٣١٧/٤‬‬
‫ﻭﭐﻧ‪‬ﺘﺎ‪‬ﺑﻬ‪‬ﻢ ﭐ‪‬ﻧﺘ‪‬ﻴﺎﺑ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﺇﹺﺫﺍ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻃﻠﺐ ﭐﳌﺎﺀ ﰲ ﭐﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﭐﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٧٩‬‬

‫‪W6 P‬א ‪0e '$Z‬؟ ‬

‫‪) -٧٧‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ (٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﹺﺑﻨ‪‬ﻮﺭﺓ)‪ (٨‬ﻭﻻ ﺯﹺﺭﻧﻴﺦ)‪ (٩‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻛ‪‬ﺒﺮﻳﺖ)‪) (١٠‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫)‪(١٤‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬ ‫‪(١٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻃﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻚ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻨﱪ ﻭﻻ ﺣﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﺴﺤﻮﻗﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺧﺰﻑ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻣﺴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﻟﺆﻟﺆ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻗﻮﺕ‪/‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻷﲪ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻴﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺯﺍ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻗﻮﻗ ‪‬ﺔ)‪(١٦‬؛ ‪-‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﳋﺰ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(١٥‬‬
‫ﺃﲪﺮ ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺓ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﲟﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ )‪ ،(٩٠٥‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪$ :‬ﻻ ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳉﺒﻞ ﻷﻥ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺸﻘﺔ‪."#‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺮ" ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ"‪ ..‬ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ ،(٢٩٠/١‬ﻭﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ‪ ..‬ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٢٨٨/٢‬ﻭﺍﳍﻴﺘﻤ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٣٠/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻷﻣ ‪‬ﺮ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺔ ‪-‬ﻣﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﻔﻌﻮﻝ‪ .-‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(١٢١-١٢٠/٣٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪. ( ٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺑﻀﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﺠﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺲ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻏﻠﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺧﻼﻁ ﺗﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺯﺭﻧﻴﺦ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻹﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )ﺹ‪ ،(٥١٥‬ﻭﰲ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ )‪" :(٢١٤/١‬ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﲑ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻲ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺾ ﻭﺃﲪ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﺃﺻﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﺏ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﶈﻜﻢ‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟﺰﹺﺭﻧﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﺑﻜﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﺣﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﺑﻴ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ ،(٣٣٦/٥‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪ ،(٢٦٣/٧‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ )‪.(٢١٤/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻫﻮ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﹸﻮﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٥٤/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺎﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٩‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﻟﺆﻟﺆ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺎﻗﻮﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﲞﺰﻑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻟﻄﱡﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻵ ‪‬ﺟﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻃﺒﻴ ‪‬ﺦ ﺍﻟﻄﱢﲔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻐﺔ ﻣﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺭﻭﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﶈﻜﻢ )‪،(٢٤٦/٩‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪ (٢٨٩/٣‬ﻭ)‪.(٢٩/١٠‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺃﹶﲪ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺗﺼﺒﻎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﻴﺎﺏ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﶈﻜﻢ )‪ ،(٥٢٥/٥‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺍ ﹶﳌﻐ‪‬ﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ ﹶﳌﻐ‪‬ﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﻃ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ ،(١٤٢/١٤‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ )‪.(٣٤٥/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(١٠٦/٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٢٣٠/١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ،(٨٤‬ﻛﱰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﲔ )‪.(٨٧/١‬‬
‫‪ ٨٠‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫]ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻚ ﭐﻻﺳ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﭐﺳ ‪‬ﻢ ﺻﻌﻴﺪ‪ -(١)،‬ﻭﻻ ﺯﻋﻔﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﻻ ﹶﺫ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻤﺎ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺱ)‪ [(٣‬ﻭﻻ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻮﺍﻩ ﭐﻟﻄﻴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱠﻄ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﺦ ﺃﻭ)‪ (٤‬ﻏ ﹺﲑ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻳﺰﻳ ﹸﻞ‬
‫ﻕ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻴ ﹴﺮ ﹺﺑ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٧٨‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺑﭑﻟﺼﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﭐﳌﺨﻠﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺼﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﭐ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻢ ﭐﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ)‪.(٧‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﻲ ِﺀ)‪ (٦‬ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺗﺮﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٧٩‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﹺﺑﺎﻟ ﱡﻄﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻭﻛ ﱢﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺿﺮﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ]ﻳﺪﻙ[ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺏ؛ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪ (٩‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﻭ ﺛﻮ ﹴ‬
‫‪ -٨٠‬ﻭﺑﻜ ﱢﻞ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍ ﹺ‬
‫ﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺒﺎ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﻩ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﻪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻌﻠﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٨١‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳊﺼﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺏ ﺍﻷﲪﺮ)‪ ،(١‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ‬
‫ﻁ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻇ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﳊﺼ ﹺﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺴﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﺮﺍ‪‬ﺑﺎ ﳐﻠﻮﹰﻗﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻄﺒﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﳒﺎﺳﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٠٥/٢‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻣﻦ ﹶﺃﺧ‪‬ﻼﻁ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﶈﻜﻢ )‪،(٤٥/١٠‬‬
‫ﺠﻤ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﱢﻴﺐ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﱢﻴ ﹺ‬
‫ﺼ ﹺ‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﻦ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟ ﱠﺬﺭﹺﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸﺓ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ )‪ ،(١٥٧/٢‬ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٣٦٧/١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻮﺭ‪‬ﺱ‪ :‬ﻧﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﺎﻟﺴﻤﺴﻢ ﻳﺼﺒﻎ ﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ )‪ ،(١٧٢/٥‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٨/١٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻭ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٠٦/٢‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻢ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﻨﻀ‪‬ﺠ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳊ ‪‬ﻢ ﻧﹺﻲ ٌﺀ ‪ -‬ﹶﻛﻨﹺﻴ ﹴﻊ‪ :-‬ﱂ ﲤﺴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻄﺒ‪‬ﺦ‪ ،‬ﺃﹶﻭ ﹸﻃﺒﹺﺦ ﺃﹶﺩﱏ ﻃﹶﺒﺦﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﻴﹶﺄ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﹺﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﹺﺫﺍ‬
‫‪‬ﻳﻨﻀ‪‬ﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﳊ ‪‬ﻢ ﹺﻧ ‪‬ﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺤﺬﻓﻮﻥ ﺍﳍﻤﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﹶﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﳍﻤﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﻠﱠﱭ ﺍﳌﹶﺤ ﹺ‬
‫ﺾ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ‪‬ﻧﻀ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺞ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪ .(٤٧٧-٤٧٦/١‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺮﺍﺩ‪‬ﻩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﱡﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻲ ِﺀ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﱂ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(١٠٦/٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭ ﻓﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻜﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻁ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱢﻠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺘﺴﻜﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﹺﺑﺴ‪‬ﺎ ﹲ‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻟﱠﻠﺒ‪‬ﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫)‪.(١٢٨/٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(١٠٥/٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(٢٣١/١‬‬
 ‫‪٨١‬‬

‫‪ -٨٢‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺲ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ﺲ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺮﻳ ‪‬ﺢ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﺪﻯ ﻭﻻ ﺍﳌﻄ ‪‬ﺮ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫‪ -٨٣‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‪ (٤)/‬ﻳﺰﻳ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺳ ﹶﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻤ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻳﺰﻳﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﻟﻴﻄﻬﺮ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﺜ ‪‬ﲑﺍ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﺜ ‪‬ﲑﺍ ﻛﺎﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﺎ ﲢﺘﻪ ﳑﺎ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺰﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻲ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ‪/٥)/‬ﺏ( ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺳﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﺑﻪ)‪(٧‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﰊ ﹶﺫﻧﻮ‪‬ﺑﺎ ﺃﻭ ﹶﺫﻧﻮﺑﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺀ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍ َﻷﻋﺮﺍ ‪‬‬

‫‪k3 >‚6 P‬א‪ Q 2‬‬

‫‪) -٨٤‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ (٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪] :‬ﺃﺻﻞ[ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ]ﻋﻠﻰ[ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ)‪ ،(١١) (١٠‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫)ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻧﻘ ﹴﻊ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ِ‪‬ﻣﺴﻘﺎ ‪‬ﺓ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺓ‬
‫ﰲ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ؛ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪(١٠٥/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(١٠٧/٢‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪ " :‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﻐﺒﺎ ﹴﺭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٠٥/٢‬ﻭ‪ ،(١٠٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ،(٨٤‬ﻛﱰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﲔ )‪.(٨٦/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٣‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺣﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳚﻮﺯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٠٧/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١١٠/٢‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ‪ ، ‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﺃﻣﺮ ﹺﺑﺬﹶﻧﻮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ﹴﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺀ ﻓﺄﻫﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،#‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﰲ )‪ (١١١/٢‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻧﺲ ‪ ‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﺻﺒﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﻟﻮ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺀ‪.#‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻧﺲ ‪ ، ‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺻﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ ،(٢٢١‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻝ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪،‬‬
‫)‪.(٢٨٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﺮﻗﻢ )‪ (٢٢٠‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ‪. ‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻃﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٥/٢‬ﻭ‪(٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٨٢‬‬

‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺻﺤﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ)‪ (٥‬ﻣﻄ ﹴﺮ ﰲ)‪ (٦‬ﺣﻮ ﹴ‬
‫ﺽ؛ ﺻﻐ ﹴﲑ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺒ ﹴﲑ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺣﻮﺽ ﲪﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‬
‫ﻚ ﹸﻛﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺋ ‪‬ﺰ ‪-‬ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﳒﺎﺳﺔ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ)‪(٩)/ (٨‬؛ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻴﺘﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻡ ﺃﻭ ﲬﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻮﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺟﻴﻊ‪-‬‬
‫ﺑﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫]ﻓﺎﻟﻮﺿﻮ ُﺀ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﺋ ‪‬ﺰ‪ ،‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮﺍ)‪ (١٠‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻴ ﹴﺮ[ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﲬﺲ ﻗﺮﺏ ﺗﻮﺿﺄ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -٨٥‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳒﺎﺳﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﲬﺲ ﻗﺮﺏ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮﺿ‪‬ﺄ ﺑﻪ)‪ ،(١٢‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳﻐﺴﻞ‬
‫ﺏ)‪ ،(١٣‬ﻏﻴ‪‬ﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻃﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺭ ‪‬ﳛ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻮ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﺑﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺛﻮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺛﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ‪ ..‬ﻏﺴﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﲬﺲ ﻗﺮﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻣﻦ ﲬﺲ ]ﻗﺮﺏ[ ﻓﻮﻗﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ]ﻣﻦ[ ﺍﻷﳒﺎﺱ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ﻃﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺭ ‪‬ﳛ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻟﻮ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ)‪.(١٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺮﹲﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻄ ‪‬ﺮﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘﻬﺎ ﹸﻛﱠﻠﻬﺎ ﺣﺠﺎﺭ ﹲﺓ ﺳﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻠﺒ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻠﻴﻈ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﹶﺃﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﳊ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍ َﻷ ‪‬ﺭﺿ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺣﺮﺓ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﶈﻜﻢ )‪.(٥١٩/٢‬‬
‫ﺏ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺳ ﹺﻢ ﻭﻏ ﹺﲑﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﶈﻜﻢ )‪ ،(٤٨٨/٦‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺨ ﹸﺬ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍ ﹸﳌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍ ‪‬ﳌَﺴﻘﺎﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﹶﻮ ‪‬‬
‫)‪.(٢٩١/٣٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭﺿﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ "ﻋﻠﻰ" ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺇﳊﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﰲ ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺶ‪" :‬ﻳﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﻃﺮﻳﻖ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ )ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ"‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﶈﻜﻢ )‪ ،(٢٢٩/١‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ )‪ ،(١٠٧/٥‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺎ ُﺀ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻗ ‪‬ﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٢٧٢/٢٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٦/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺎﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٠‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﺘﻐﲑ‪‬ﺍ ﺑﻄﺎﻫﺮﹴ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﻧﻔﻜﺎﻙ ﻋﻨﻪ؛ ﻛﺎﻟﻄﺤﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﻭﳓﻮ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺣﱴ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﲬﺲ ﻗﺮﺏ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٦/٢‬ﻭ‪. (٢١‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٨/٢‬ﻭ‪ ،(٩‬ﻛﱰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٢/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺛﻮﺑﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٩/٢‬ﻭ‪ ،(١١‬ﻛﱰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﲔ )‪.(٢١/١‬‬
 ‫‪٨٣‬‬

‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺎ ِﺀ‪..‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﺠﺴ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻇﺎﻫ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪ -٨٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻉ)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﲢ‪‬ﺘﻬﺎ؛ )ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ﱂ ﻳﻨﺠﺲ ﺍﳌﺎ ُﺀ‪ (٦‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﲬﺲ ﻗﺮﺏ‬
‫ﺖ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺟﻴﻔ ﹰﺔ‪ (٤‬ﹶﺃﻥ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬‬
‫)ﹶﺃﺣﺒﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺑﺘﻐ‪‬ﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺢ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﳑﺎ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﳒﺎﺱ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﳉ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻏ ﹺﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺄﺓ)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﻐ ﹺﲑ‬ ‫‪ -٨٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٨‬ﱂ ﻳﻘﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﳒﺎﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻄﻮ ﹺﻝ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚﰲﺍﹶ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻷﳒﺎﺱ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ)‪ (١٠‬ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﻣﻨﻪ؛ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﲬﺲ ﻗﺮﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -٨٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮ ﺯﻋﻔﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺴﻚ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﱪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﺼﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻥ)‪ ،(١٢‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺩﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻧﺒﻴﺬ ﺣﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ٌﺀ ‪‬ﺑ ﱠﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺧﺒ ‪‬ﺰ)‪ ،(١٣‬ﺃﻭ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ِﹶﻗ ﹾﻄﺮﺍﻥ)‪ ،(١٤‬ﺃﻭ)‪ (١٥‬ﻣﺎ ُﺀ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﹺﺯ ﹾﻓﺖ)‪،(١٦‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺴﺘﺠﺴﺪ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻣﺴﺘﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ‪ :‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﺠﺴﺪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺟﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﺣﺒﺒﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﱰﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻨﺠﺲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٩/٢‬ﻭ‪.(٢٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﳊ ‪‬ﻤﹶﺄ ﹸﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﲔ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﻨﱳ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﶈﻜﻢ )‪ ،(٤١١/٣‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٢٠٠/١‬‬‫)‪ ( ٩‬ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٢١/٢‬ﻛﱰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﲔ )‪.(١٩/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﹶﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﹸﻥ‪ :‬ﺿﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﺩﻫﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ )‪.(٦١/١٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺧﺒﺰ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻟ ِﹶﻘ ﹾﻄِﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻑ ﻭﻛﺴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺴﻜﲔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻑ ﻣﻊ ﻛﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﻋﺼ‪‬ﺎﺭ‪‬ﺓ ﺍ َﻷ‪‬ﺑﻬ‪‬ﻞ ﻭﺍ َﻷ ‪‬ﺭﺯﹺ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﻠﹸﺐ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٤٤٣/١٣‬‬
‫ﺤﻮﹺﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳ‪‬ﻄﺒ ‪‬ﺦ ﻓ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﻨﻮ‪‬ﺑ ﹺﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﲦ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺃﻭ ﻭ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻕ ﻟﻠﺨﻤﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ )‪ ،(٢٤٩/١‬ﺗﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻟﻘﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎ ‪‬ﺭ‪ ،‬ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﺃﹶﺳﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺰ‪‬ﻗﺎ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺰ ﹾﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٥٢٨/٤‬‬
‫‪ ٨٤‬‬

‫ﺃﻭ ﳓﻮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻐﻠﺐ)‪ (٢) (١‬ﻟﻮ ﹸﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻃﻌﻤﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺭﳛﻪ ﻟﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺿﹶﺄ ﺑﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿﹸﺄ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺗﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻃﻌﻤﻪ ﻭ‪ /‬ﺭﳛﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫‪] -٨٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﱂ ﻳﻐﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻢ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺢ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻳﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻑ ﹺﺇﱃ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ‪‬ﻩ؛ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ٌﺀ ﻣﻄﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ)‪ (٥‬ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻻ‬
‫‪] -٩٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻛ ﱡﻞ)‪ (٤‬ﻣﺎ ٍﺀ ﻣﻀﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺲ)‪ (٦‬ﻭﻣﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ )ﻭﻣﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﻟﺰﻋﻔﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺠ ﹺﺮ‬
‫ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻔﺮ ‪‬ﺩﺍ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﺮ ﹾﻓ ﹺ‬
‫ﻕ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺇﺿﺎﻓ ‪‬ﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺷﻲﺀ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ ،(٨)/‬ﻭﻏ ﹺﲑ ‪‬ﻩ)‪ ..(٩‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﺑﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﭐ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﺎ ٍﺀ ﳐﻠﻮ ﹴ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻓﻐﻠﺖ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻧﻘﻄﻬﺎ ﺑﺘﺤﺘﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺜﻨﺎﺓ ﻓﻮﻗﻴﺔ ﰒ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪" :(٦٧‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻀﺮ ﺗﻐ‪‬ﻴﺮ‪ ‬ﻻ ﳝﻨﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻣﺘﻐ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ﲟﻜﺚ ﻭﻃﲔ ﻭﻃﺤﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺮﻩ‬
‫ﻭﳑﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻣﺘﻐﲑ ﲟﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﻛﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﺩﻫﻦ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(٢١/٢‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺻﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺩﻫﻦ ﻃﻴﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻟﻘﻲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻨﱪ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻮﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺫﻭ ﺭﻳﺢ ﻻ ﳜﺘﻠﻂ ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻓﻈﻬﺮ ﺭﳛﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﺗﻮﺿﺄ ﺑﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﳐﻮﺿ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺴﻚ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺫﺭﻳﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻳﻨﻤﺎﻉ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺼﲑ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺭﻳﺢ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺘﻮﺿﺄ ﺑﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻣﺎﺀ‬
‫ﳐﻮﺽ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺀ ﻣﺴﻚ ﳐﻮﺽ ﻭﺫﺭﻳﺮﺓ ﳐﻮﺿﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎ ِﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴ ﹺﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﳜﺘﻠﻂ ﺑﻪ؛ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻨﱪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﳐﻮﺿ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ )ﺹ‪ (٢١٩‬ﺃﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﱪ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻫﻦ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻏﻴ‪‬ﺮﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻬﺮ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﻐﲑ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﱪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻫﻦ‪ ..‬ﺗﻐﲑ ﳎﺎﻭﺭﺓ ﻻ ﺗﻐﲑ ﳐﺎﻟﻄﺔ؛ ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ ﱂ ﳝﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ" ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٢-٢١/٢‬ﻭ‪ ،(٣٢‬ﻛﱰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪.(١٩-١٨/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﺮ ﹾﻓﺲ‪ :‬ﺑﻘﻠ ﹲﺔ ﻣﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻮﻝ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﶈﻜﻢ )‪ ،(١٦٢/٧‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٤٤١/١٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮ ﻭﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺰﻋﻔﺮﺍﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١١‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﳓﻮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٨-٧/٢‬ﻭ‪ ،(٢٢-٢١‬ﻛﱰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﲔ )‪.(١٨/١‬‬
 ‫‪٨٥‬‬

‫‪u[?d '6 Pz‬א ‪ƒ08Q010‬א ‪„n‬وא ‪07‬ل‪ x‬‬

‫ﺼﻰ)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻭ ﺭﻳ ‪‬ﺢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮﺝ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ – ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺝ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﺑ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺩﻭ ‪‬ﺩ)‪ (١‬ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٩١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ‪) .. -‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ()‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ؛ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻊ)‪ (٥‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﺭﺟﻴ ‪‬ﻊ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤﹸﻠﻬﺎ ﺭﻳ ‪‬ﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻨﻔﺶ ﻭﳜﺮﺝ)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺑﻮ ﹲﻝ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﳜﺮﺝ)‪.(٦‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א‪ Q †?48I‬‬

‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﺝ ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋ ﹸ‬ ‫ﻁ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎ ﹶﻝ ﻓﻠﻢ)‪ (٨‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫‪) -٩٢‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ (٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶ‬
‫ﺕ)‪.(١١‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻮ ﹸﻝ ﳐﺮﺟ‪‬ﻪ)‪ ..(١٠‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑﺜﻼﺛ ‪‬ﺔ ﹶﺃﺣﺠﺎ ﹴﺭ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻘ‪‬ﻴﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﺭﺟﻴﻌﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻣﻜﻨﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻼ ﺃﻥ ﳝﺲ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ‪ ..‬ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﹶﺄ ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٩٣‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﳝﻜﻨﻪ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺩﺑﺮﻩ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺿﻮﺋﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺰﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺤﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺫﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺲ‪ (١٢‬ﺫﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮ ُﺀ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫)ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺩﻭﺩ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﺼﺎﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﺨﺮﺝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﺺ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻲ‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٠/٢‬ﻛﱰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٣٠-٢٩/١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(٤/٢‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺗ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﻖ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻷَﺻﺤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﱂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻳﻌﺪﻭﺍ"‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٥١-٥٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٤٩/٢‬ﻭ‪ ،(٥٠‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ،(٧٢‬ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺏ )‪.(٩٧/١‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻏﲑ ﺭﺟﻴﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﹸﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻴﻊ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺙ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ‬
‫)‪.(٧٢/٢١‬‬
‫ﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪ ٨٦‬‬

‫‪] -٩٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻴﻤﻢ ﰒ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺠﻰ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺠﺎﺀ[)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺢ)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻝ ﺑﺜﻼﺛ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﺣﺠﺎ ﹴﺭ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻘ‪‬ﻴﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﺭﺟﻴﻌﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٩٥‬ﻭﳚﺰﺉ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹶﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻍ)‪ (٧‬ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹴﺭ‬
‫ﻍ ﺃﻭ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﻣﺪﺑﻮ ﹴ‬ ‫ﻑ)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺗﺮﺍ ﹴ‬
‫ﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺟﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺫ ‪‬ﻛ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﺪﺑﻮ ﹴ‬ ‫ﻕ ﺃﻭ)‪ (٥‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٩٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﺴﺢ)‪ (٤‬ﲞﺮ ﹴ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪ (٨‬ﻣﻦ ﲨﻴ ﹺﻊ ﺍ َﻷﺷﻴﺎ ِﺀ‪ ] (٩)/‬ﹸﻛﻠﱢﻬﺎ[ ﺍﻟﱵ ‪‬ﺗﻨﻘﻲ)‪ (١٠‬ﹺﺇﻧﻘﺎ َﺀ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺭ ‪‬ﺓ‪] ..‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻩ[)ﺯ( )‪.(١١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪- ،(١١٣/٢‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ -‬ﻭﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ ،(٥٤/١‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻮﰊ )‪(٤٥/١‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‪" :‬ﻭﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺠﺎﺋﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٥١/٢‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻮ ﹲﻝ ﺛﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺠﺎﺀ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪- ،(١١٣/٢‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ -‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٧٣/١‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﻣﺒﻴﺢ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺇﺑﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺎﻧﻊ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ )ﺹ‪ (٦١٧‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺟﺰﺍﺀ‪ -‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﻢ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺒﻴﺢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﺄﺷﺒﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﻤﻪ ﺑﺼﻼﺓ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳝﺴﺢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳝﺴﺢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﻡ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﺰﻑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺟﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻲ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺪﺑﻮﻍ ﻻ ﳚﺰﺉ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺠﺎﺀ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪،(٥٠/٢‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻃﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺮﺍ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪" :(١٠٧/١‬ﺃﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺲ ﺑﻨﻈﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻌﻈ ﹺﻢ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﹺﺇ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺠﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﳉﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﳉﺎﻑ؛ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺣﺮﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﻣﺘﻨﺎﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺠﺎﺀ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﺎﻍ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﳚﻮﺯ‪ ...‬ﻭﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﻊ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺄﻛﻮﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﻨﺸﻔﹰﺎ ﻏﲑ ﳏﺘﺮﻡ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳉﻠﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺳﺔ ﻏﲑ ﳏﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻓﺼ‪‬ﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻠﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﺎﻍ‬
‫ﺩﺳﻢ ﻏﲑ ﻧﺸﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﺑﻎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻧﺸﺎﻑ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻌﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ )ﺹ‪،(٦٠٧‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﳚﻮﺯ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﳋﺮﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪" :(٧٢‬ﻭﰲ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﳊﺠﺮ‪ ...‬ﺟﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺩﹺﺑ ﹶﻎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﲑﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺟﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ‬
‫)‪ " :(٤٣/١‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﻡ ﺍﻹﺟﺰﺍ ِﺀ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺪﺑﻮﻍ‪ ..‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻄﻌﻮﻡ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺏ )‪ ٩٦/١‬ﻣﻊ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٣‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ ﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻘﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٩/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٣/١‬‬
 ‫‪٨٧‬‬

‫ﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٩٧‬ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻌﻈ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻍ‪] ..‬ﰲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻈ ﹺﻢ[‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ‪‬ﺩﹺﺑ ﹶﻎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﻣﺪﺑﻮ ﹴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺬﻛ ‪‬ﻲ‬ ‫‪ -٩٨‬ﻭﭐﳉﻠ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺄﺱ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ؛ ﻟﻠﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻢ ﻣﻄﻠ ﹰﻘﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫‪ -٩٩‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳﺴ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻰ ﺑﻌﻈ ﹺﻢ ﹶﺫ ‪‬ﻛ ‪‬ﻲ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺔ )‪.(٥) [(٤‬‬
‫‪] -١٠٠‬ﻭﻻ ﹺﺑ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺇﻧﻘﺎ َﺀ‪/٦)/‬ﺏ( ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫‪ -١٠١‬ﻭﻛ ﱡﻞ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ‪-‬ﺳﻮﻯ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﻨﺎ)‪ -(٦‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﳒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻘﻰ‬
‫ﻚ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻩ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﳉﻠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺟﻠﺪ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﺬﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﺬﻛﱠﻰ ﺃﺻ ﹰ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺳﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺳﻲ ‪ ، ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﻋﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﻜﻢ ﻧﺒ‪‬ﻴﻜﻢ ‪ ‬ﹸﻛ ﱠﻞ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﻂ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻮ ﹴﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑﺄﻗﻞ‬
‫ﳋﺮﺍ َﺀ ﹶﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ﹾﻞ‪ ،‬ﻟﻘﺪ ‪‬ﺎﻧﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺴﺘﻘﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻘﺒﻠ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻟﻐﺎﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺣﺠﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑﺮﺟﻴ ﹴﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﻈ ﹴﻢ‪ .#‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﺑﺔ‪.(٢٦٢) ،‬‬
‫ﳊ ‪‬ﻤﻤ‪‬ﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻢ‪ ،‬ﲡﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ‪ :‬ﺣﻤ‪‬ﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﶈﻜﻢ )‪.(٥٥٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٤‬ﺍ ﹸ‬

‫‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﺇﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﲔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﻓﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪" :‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻢ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﺰﺉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺳﺎﻧﻴﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﲔ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﻠﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻔﺘﺖ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺠﺎﺀ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺚ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻬﻲ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺧﻮ‪‬ﺍ ﻳﺘﻔﺘﺖ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ‪ ...‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹸ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺧﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻠﺐ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٣٤/٢‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﲔ"‪،‬‬‫ﺼﹺ‬‫ﺤﺼ‪‬ﻠﻮﻥ ﹺﺑ‪‬ﺘﻨ‪‬ﺰﻳﻞ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (١٠٦/١‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ )‪ ،(٥٩٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪...‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻢ ﻻ ﳛﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻻﻧﻘﺎﺀ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺻﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺳﻮﻯ ﻣﺎﺀ ﻭﺻﻔﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻧﻘﻰ ﺑﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(٥٠/٢‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺠﻲ ﺑﺮﻭﺛﺔ؛ ﻟﻠﺨﱪ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﳒﺎﺱ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺭﺟﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻛﻞ ﺭﺟﻴﻊ‬
‫ﳒﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﻌﻈﻢ؛ ﻟﻠﺨﱪ ﻓﻴﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﲑ ﳒﺲ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﺑﻨﻈﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٨٨‬‬

‫‪rD'6 P‬א ‪9‬س ‬

‫ﺐ‬ ‫‪) -١٠٢‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ (١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺢ ﹺﺑ ﹸﻜ ﱢﻞ ﺭﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﻨﺎ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ)‪ (٣‬ﺭﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪(٤‬؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ [M]  : ‬‬
‫ﹺﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻲ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﳝﺴﺢ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬

‫‪]  N‬ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪.[٦ :‬‬

‫‪ -١٠٣‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪.(٥)  I  :‬‬

‫‪ -١٠٤‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﳚﺰﺉ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺗﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﹶﺄ ﻭﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻤﺎﻣ ﹶﺔ ﻭﻣﺴ ‪‬ﺢ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ)‪ (٧‬ﺭﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻪ)‪] ،(١‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺢ‬
‫‪‬ﻋﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻓﻠ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺑﹶﻠ ﹶﻎ ﺭﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻧﺰ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻢ‪ ..‬ﺇﻻ ﺟﻠﺪ ﺫﻛﻲ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺪﺑﻮﻍ؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺍﳉﻠﺪ ﺍﳌﺪﺑﻮﻍ‪..‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻃﺎﻫ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺠﻲ ﺑﻪ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (١٠٦/١‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻈﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺣﺴﲔ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﺘﻪ )‪ ،(٣١٩/١‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٣٤-١٣٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٥٨/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٧٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺒﻌﺾ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٥٦/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٧٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪  À  :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻣﺴﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﻕ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﻳﺪﻝ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺁﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ ﹶﺃﹾﺛ‪‬ﺒﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪BA  :‬‬

‫‪  N  M  L  K  J  I   H  G  F  E  D  C‬‬
‫‪  QP O‬ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪ ¿ ¾ ½ ¼ » º ¹  ‬‬

‫‪]  p ÁÀ‬ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪.[٦ :‬‬

‫ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺳﻘﻄﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﻔﹰﺎ ‪-‬ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻻ ﻟﺰﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪-‬؛ ﻓﻔﻲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﳚﺰﺉ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺢ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﺰﺉ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺴﺢ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ‪ ..‬ﺃﻥ ﻣﺴﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺪﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﺢ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﺃﺻﻞ ﻻ ﺑﺪﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲟﻘﺪﻡ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٨٩‬‬

‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻏﺴﻞ ﲨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺻﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﺴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻣﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ)‪ ،[(٣‬ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ‪/‬‬
‫ﺱ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻬﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﻭ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﻂ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱞﻞ)‪ (٥‬ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﳚﺰﺉ ﻣﺴ ‪‬ﺢ ﺑﻌ ﹺ‬
‫ﺾ ﺍﻟﺮﺃ ﹺ‬
‫ﳚﺰﺉ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻏ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٩‬ﺇﱃ ﹶﺃﺻ ﹺﻞ ﹸﺃ ﹸﺫ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٨‬ﻭ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -١٠٥‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﻏﺴ ﹶﻞ ﺍ َﻷﻣﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹸﻛﻠﱠﻪ ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻞ ﻣﺎ ﹶﺃﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻌ ﹺﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﳌﺎ َﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺤﻲ ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻏﺴ ﹶﻞ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻍ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺫﻥ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩﻩ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٥٧/٢‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ ،(١٨٩/١‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ ،(٢٣/١‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ ،(٦١/١‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ ،(٢٧٥/١‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻩ ﹸﻛﱡﻠﻬ‪‬ﻢ ﻣ‪‬ﺮﺳ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻄﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮ )ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻊ( ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺴﺢ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺭﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻮﺿﺄ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪" :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺮﺳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻳﻨﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﺻﻮ ﹰﻻ ﰱ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ"‪ .‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٥٧/٢‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻣﺔ‪ (٢٧٤) ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ‪. ‬‬
‫ﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻣﺴﺢ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺴ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺃ ﹺ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﱂ ﺃﺟﺪ ﺭﻭﺍﻳ ﹰﺔ ﰲ ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﳌﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺴﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﻛﻠﻪ‪ ،(١٨٥) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻭﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪.(٢٣٥) ، ‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٢‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺇﻛﻤﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ‬ ‫ﺱ‪ ..‬ﺃﹶﺟﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ﻣﺴ ‪‬ﺢ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ‪-‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ :-‬ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﺟﺐ ﻣﺴﺢ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺃ ﹺ‬
‫ﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻳ‪‬ﻜﻤ ﹶﻞ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﱪﻗﻊ؛ ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳋﻼﻑ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻻ ﳜﻔﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﺴ ﹶﻞ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ﳌﺎ ﻳﺮﺍﻩ ﺻﻮﺍﺑ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ، ‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺫﺍ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﺘ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﹶﻟﺤ‪‬ﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻈﹾﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﺍ ‪‬ﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﹸﻥ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﶈﻜﻢ )‪،(٤٤٤/٣‬‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻲ‪ :‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨﹺﺒ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٤٤٢/٣٩‬‬
‫ﺐ ﭐﻟﻠﱠﺤ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻴﻦﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﭐﻟﻌﲔ ﻭﭐ ُﻷ ﹸﺫ ‪‬ﻥ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺱ ﹺﺇﱃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻛ ﹺ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻢ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﭐﳓﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﭐﻟﺮﺃ ﹺ‬
‫ﻍ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ﹸ‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪ ،(٥٢٤/٢٢‬ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﺎﺡ )‪.(١٣٢٣/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٥٥-٥٤/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺪﻏﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٩٠‬‬

‫ﺤ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺨﱢﻠ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻮﺿﺊ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٧‬ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲ َﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬ ‫‪ -١٠٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟﹶﻠ ‪‬ﺢ)‪ ..(٤‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﭐﳌﺎ َﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺿ ﹺﻊ ﭐ ﹶ‬
‫ﳉﹶﻠ ‪‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א ‪0e\gaR4‬؟ ‬

‫‪) -١٠٩‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ (٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻔﺮﺝ‬
‫ﺑﲔ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻌﻪ)‪(٧‬؛ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺮﻓﻌﻬﻤﺎ ﻏﲑ ﻗﺎﺑﺾ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ)‪ ،(٩‬ﰒ ﻳﻌﻴﺪ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‬
‫ﳝﺴﺢ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﻣﺴﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ)‪ ،(٨‬ﰒ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻘﲔ)‪،(١٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻀﺮﺏ ﺿﺮﺑﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ]ﻛﺬﻟﻚ[)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻓﻴﻤﺴﺢ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٥٥/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ،(٧٤-٧٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٥١/١‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﺎﻥ‪ ...‬ﻓﺎﻷﺻﺢ‬
‫ﺃ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ" ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(١٠٥/١‬ﻭﰲ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪" :(٥١/١‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﺎﻥ ﻭﳘﺎ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻷﺫﻧﲔ ﻣﺘﺼﻼﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺬﺍﺭﻳﻦ ﻟﺪﺧﻮﳍﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﻦ ﻏﺴﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‪ ...‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﻏﲔ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻟﻠﺨﻼﻑ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﻏﺴﻠﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺼ‪‬ﺪﻍ ﰲ ﻧﺼ‪‬ﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﻭﺍﻷﺫﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٥٥/٢‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ ،(١٤٢/١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٧٥‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻋﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺫﻫﺎﺑﻪ ﻋﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻘﺪ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺯﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﻗﻠﻴ ﹰ‬ ‫ﱯ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺃ ﹺ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻌ ﹺﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﻧ ﹺ‬
‫ﳉﹶﻠ ‪‬ﺢ‪ :‬ﭐﳓﺴﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٤‬ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﱯ ﺍﳉﺒﻬ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﻧ ﹺ‬
‫ﺤ ﹲﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﹶﺑﻮ ﻋ‪‬ﺒﻴﺪ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﭐﳓﺴ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟﹶﻠ ‪‬ﺢ ﻭﺟ‪‬ﻠﺤﺎ ُﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﭐﺳ ‪‬ﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﭐﳌﹶﻮﺿ ﹺﻊ ﺟﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻭﳓﻮﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟﻠﹶﻰ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻫﻮ ﹶﺃﺟ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻼ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟﹶﻠ ‪‬ﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺑﻠ ﹶﻎ ﺍﻟﻨﺼ ‪‬‬‫ﺃﹶﻧ ‪‬ﺰﻉ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺯﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﻗﻠﻴ ﹰ‬
‫)‪ ،(٣٥٩/١‬ﺍﶈﻜﻢ )‪ ،(٨٢/٣‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٣٤٢/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٥٥/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٧٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺑ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ،(٨٥‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪.(٢٧٩/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٠٣/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٨٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٦‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ ،(٢٨٠/١‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺎﺭ )ﺹ‪.(٥٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٦‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٢٦٤/١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٨٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٠٤/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٢٦٤/١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٨٥‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺎﺭ )ﺹ‪.(٥٦‬‬
 ‫‪٩١‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻤﲎ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﺑﻄﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﺃﺻﺎﺑﻌﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﻟﻠﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺫﺭﺍﻋﻴﻪ ﻇﻬﻮﺭﳘﺎ ﻭﺑﻄﻮ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ /‬ﺷﻲﺀ ﺇﻻ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻨﺎﺑﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١١٠‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻳﺪﺍﻩ ﺃﻭ‬
‫‪ -١١١‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﺿﺄ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻴﻤﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﳊﻴﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺎﺭﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﹶﻗﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻇﻔﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﻄ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﻣﻮﺿ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪ (٤‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻪ ﺩ ‪‬ﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻐ ِ‬
‫ﺴﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﺲ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺎ َﺀ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺭﺟﻼﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻬﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﺍ ُﻷﻭﱃ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺻﻼ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺾﰲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ﹺ‬ ‫‪ -١١٢‬ﻭﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﰒ ﺍ ﱠﻃﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻊ‬
‫ﺾ)‪ (٩‬ﺑﺪﺧﻮ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺇﹺﺫﺍ ﺃﹶﻛﻤ ﹶﻞ ﭐﻟﺸﻬﺮﻳﻦ ﰲ ﭐﻟﻈﻬﺎ ﹺﺭ ]ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪(٨‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻘ ﹴ‬
‫ﺩﺧ ﹶﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ[ ﰒ ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺭﻗﺒ ﹰﺔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻌﺘﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ (١١)/‬ﻟﻮ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺑﻌﺪﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻮﺿﺄ‬
‫‪‬ﻟﻤﺎ)‪ (١٢‬ﻳﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﭐﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(١٠٤-١٠٣/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٦‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺎﺭ )ﺹ‪.(٥٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪.(٢٦٧/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(١٠٣/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٦‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪.(٢٨٤/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٧/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٥٣/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺩﺧﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(١٠١/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٦‬ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺏ )ﺹ‪ ،(٧٥‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ ،(٣٢٥/١‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٢٤٧/١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ ،(٨٥‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺒﻄﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪" :‬ﻣﻨﻘﻀﻰ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻂ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﻓﻮﻗﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻰ"‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻣﻨﻘﻀﻰ"‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(١٠١/٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(٢٤٧/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺎﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٣‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٩٢‬‬

‫‪ -١١٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﻴﻤﻢ ﰒ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺍﳌﺎ َﺀ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻮﺿﺄ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻻ ﳚﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ َﺀ ﻭﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﳑﺎ ﻭﺻﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﹰ‬‫‪ -١١٤‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﱂ ﳚﺪ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻧﺒﻴ ﹰﺬﺍ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﹸﺄ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮ ُﺀ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﭐﻟﻮﺿﻮ ِﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺾ ‪‬ﻭﺿﻮ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ..‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﻻ ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺘﻘﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ ﺟﺴ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﳒﺎﺳ ﹲﺔ ﺃﻭ ﭐﻧﺘﻘ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١١٥‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﹶﺃﺻﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳﺰﻳ ﹶﻞ )ﳒﺎﺳ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪ ‪‬ﻥ‪ (٥‬ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺳ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰲ ﺟﺴ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ‬
‫ﻚ ﻣﺎ ٌﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﹺﺇﻥ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻖ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻏﺴ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺳ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﺎ ٌﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹶﺓ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﺿﹶﺄ ﺇﻥ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﭑﳌﺎ ِﺀ ﻭﺗﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﱢﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ)‪ (٨‬ﻭﻳﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﱢﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪ -١١٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺳﺔ ﰲ ﺛﻮﺑﻪ؛ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﺮﻳﺎ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ )ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺲ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺟﻨﺐ ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳊﻀﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫‪ -١١٧‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻪ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ‬
‫)‪(٧) (٦‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨﺎﻑ)‪ (٢‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻮﺕ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮﺍﹶﻗﻰ)‪ (٣‬ﻋﱠﻠ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٤‬ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪/‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺏ )‪ ،(٧٦‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ ،(٣٢١/١١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٨٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺩﺧﻮﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(١٠٠/٢‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ ،(٣٢٠/١‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٢٤٧/١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٨٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٩٠/٢‬ﻭ‪ ٩٤‬ﻭ‪ ،(١٢٤‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪.(٢٦٩/١‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺇﻥ‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٩٠/٢‬ﻭ‪ ٩٤‬ﻭ‪ ،(١٢٤‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٧‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ " :‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻡ ﳜﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻏﺴﹶﻠﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻛﻤﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻪ ﳒﺲ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ‬ ‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ..." :(١٢٤/٢‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﻋﺮﻳﺎﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﲝﺎ ﹴﻝ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٢٨٨/١‬ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻇﻬﺮﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻋﺎﺭﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻼ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻳﺼﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺏﳒ ﹴ‬ ‫ﺛﻮ ﹴ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﲡﺐ ﺍﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ )‪ (١٢٣/١‬ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺱ ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﹰﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻤ ﹺﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻑ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﺬ ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﳉﻠﹾﺪ ﳑﺘﻠﺌ ﹲﺔ ﻣﺎ ًﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺩﺍ ٌﺀ ﻣﻌﺮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ﻋﻦ ﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ﰲ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻨ ﱠﻔ ﹸ‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻫﻮ ﭐﺳ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﻘﹸﺮﻭ ﹴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٣٨٠/١٠‬‬
 ‫‪٩٣‬‬

‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺇﻋﺎﺩ ﹶﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﻀﺮ)‪(٨‬؛‬

‫ﻑ ﻫﺬﻳ ﹺﻦ ﺍ َﻷﻣﺮﻳ ﹺﻦ‪ ..‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺧﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻏﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ‪/٧)/‬ﺏ( ﭐﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ)‪.(١٠) (٩‬‬
‫ﺡ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻳ ﹺ‬
‫َﻷ ﱠﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﹶﺃﺑﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١١٨‬ﻭ]ﻗﺪ[ ﻗﻴﻞ‪@ :‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ)‪ :(١١‬ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ ﻭﺍﳉﺪﺭﻱ!‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﳘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﭐﳌﺮﺽ‬
‫ﻚ[)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫ﳊ ‪‬ﻤﻰ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﹶﺷﺒﻬﻬﺎ ‪-‬ﻣﻦ ﭐﻟﺮ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻏ ﹺﲑ ‪‬ﻩ‪ -‬ﻋﻨﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜ ﹶﻞ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫]ﻋﻨﺪﻱ‪ ..‬ﻣﺜﻠﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﭐ ﹸ‬
‫‪ -١١٩‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﺑ ﹲﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻔﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻀﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﺟﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﺨﺎﻑ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻏﻠﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪-‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﻮﺝ‪ ..-‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳜﺎﻑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪" :‬ﻳﺘﺮﺍﻗﺎ"‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻳﺘﺮﻗﺎ"‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻟﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٤‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٩٠/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٨٦‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪ ¶  ´ ³ ² ±  °   ® ¬ « ª © ¨  :‬‬

‫¸ ‪] .  ¾ ½¼ » º ¹‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،٤٣ :‬ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪.[٦ :‬‬

‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٩٠/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٧‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪.(٣٠٦/١‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ﳑﺎ ﻻ ﳜﺎﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﳜﺎﻑ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺇﺑﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱪﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﱂ؛ ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٩٣/٢‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ :(٧‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻴﻤﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻛﺘﺐ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ :‬ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻴﻤﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻌﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ )ﺹ‪ ،(٩٢١‬ﻭﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪،(٣٠٧/١‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٨٣‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ )‪ ،(٤٩/١‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ "ﻓﺨﺎﻑ ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻮﺕ" ﺇﱃ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ " :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺧﻮﻑ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻦ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺎ ﹶﺃﹾﺛ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﹶﻋﻼﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﳑﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ )‪ (٤٩/١‬ﻋﻦ ﻧﺼﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٩٤‬‬

‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻴﺲ ﲟﺮﻳﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﺭﺧﺺ‬ ‫‪ -١٢٠‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺾ ﻭﭐﳌﺴﺎﻓ ﹺﺮ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ]ﻏﲑ[ ﻭﺍﺟﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻳ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -١٢١‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻨﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﻓﺨﺎﻑ)‪ (٥‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳜﺎﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻀﺮ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٢‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﶈﺒﻮﺱ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﲣﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻏﲑ ﺍ‪‬ﺪﻭﺭ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺮﻭﺡ؛‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﻀﺮ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ)‪ (٧‬ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ٍﺀ‪ ..‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤﻤﻮﺍ ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱡﻠﻮﺍ ﻭﺃﻋﺎﺩﻭﺍ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪﺭﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٣‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻣﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳚﺪ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻳﻨﺎ ﹺﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﳌﺎ َﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺎﻑ ﻓﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺘﻴﻤﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺼﻠﻲ)‪ (٨‬ﻭﻳﻌﻴﺪ)‪.(٩‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻷﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺧﺺ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٩٥/٢‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺧﺎﻑ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٩٠/٢‬ﻛﱰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٩٧/١‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ،(١٠٧/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪،(٣٢٠/١‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ )ﺹ‪ ،(٩٢٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٨٦‬‬

‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺪﺭﻭﺍ‬

‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻴﺼﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(٣٣٢/٢‬ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﲢﺼﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﺿﺌﻪ ﺑﺄﺟﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﳚﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ‪ ..‬ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﻭﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﰒ ﻳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺬﺍ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﻭﺻﺮﺡ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﲨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺻﺤﺎﺏ ‪ ...‬ﻭﺷﺬ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٣١٣/١‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﻳﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﻴﻤﻢ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﺟﺪ‬
‫ﻒ ﻟﻨﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻋﺎﺟﺰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ! ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﻏﻠﻂ ﻓﺎﺣﺶ‪ ،‬ﳐﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻭﺟﺒﺖ ﺍﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻨﺪﻭﺭﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ"‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٩٥‬‬

‫‪z‬א‡‪Fxu‬ز‪ E‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٤‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺾ ﹶﻏﺴ ﹸﻞ ﺛﻮﹺﺑﻬﺎ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﺘﻐﺴﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫ﺏ ﹸﻛﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﳌﻮﺿ ‪‬ﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻏﺴﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺻﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﳒﺎﺳ ﹲﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻴﻘﻨﺖ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﻜ ﹶﻞ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٥‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻭﻗﺪ ﹶﺃﺻﺎﺑﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﺑ ﹲﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺘﻮﺿﺄ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺎﻡ ‪‬ﻭﺿﻮ َﺀ ‪‬ﻩ ﻟﻠﺼﻼﺓ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺾ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٦‬ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻄﻮﻝ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﺎﻭ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺣﻴﻀﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﹶﺄ‪‬ﻳﺎ ﹺﻡ‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻀﻬﺎ ﻓﺎﻧﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ‪) ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ‪ (٦‬ﭐﺳﺘﻤﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ]ﺍﻟﺪﻡ[ ﺑﺄﻳﺎﻡ‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻀﻬﺎ ﹶﺃﻛﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﲬﺴ ﹶﺔ‬
‫ﺣﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﲬﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ]ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ[‪) ..‬ﻓﻬﺬﻩ ﹶﺃﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻡ‪ (٩‬ﺣﻴﻀ ‪‬ﺔ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻘﹶﻠ ‪‬ﺔ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﳍﺎ ﺣﻴﻀﺔ)‪.(١١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٤٦/٢‬ﻭ‪.(١٩٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٧٣/١‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪":‬ﻭﺟﺐ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻱ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺏ )ﺹ‪.(٥٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺑﻠﻔﻈﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ )ﺹ‪ ،(٧٨٩‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺾ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﳍﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ؛ ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻮﺀَﻫﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﳉﻨﺐ؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﳜﻔﻒ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﻳﺰﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﻭﻳﻄﻬﺮﻫﺎ؛‬
‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺪ ﱠﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﲬﺲ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‪) :‬ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻧﻘﻄﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺘﻨﻘﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪" (١١‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﺗﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ‪ :‬ﻛﻞ ﺩﻡ ﺗﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻏﲑ ﺩﻡ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﺗﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﳊﻴﺾ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻭﺯ ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤﻰ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑﻩ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻡ ﻓﺴﺎ ‪‬ﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻼ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﺻ ﹰﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃﻡ ﱂ ﻳﺘﺼﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻩ ﻟﺴﺒﻊ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ .(١٣٧/١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪:(١٠٨/١‬‬
‫"ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‪ :‬ﺩﻡ ‪‬ﻋﻠﱠﺔ ﻳﺴﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺮﻕ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﺩﱏ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺫﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﭐﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ ،(٣٦٦-٣٦٥/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(١٤٨/١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٨٨‬‬
‫‪ ٩٦‬‬

‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫‪ -١٢٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (١‬ﭐﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃﻛﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻦ ﲬﺴ ﹶﺔ ﻋﺸ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ..‬ﻧ ﹶﻈ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﹺﺇﱃ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺎﱄ ﻭﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﲢﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻓﻴ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻦ)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﺘﻮﺿﺄ)‪ (٣‬ﻟ ﹸﻜ ﱢﻞ ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤ ِ‬
‫ﻀﻬﺎ ﭐﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿ ﹰﺔ ﻓﭑﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ)‪ (٦‬ﺎ ﭐﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ‪ ..‬ﺃﻣﺴﻜﺖ‬
‫‪) -١٢٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪ /(٥‬ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﱂ ﲢﺾ ﻗﻂ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪﹶﺃ ﺣﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻣﺎ)‪ (٧‬ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﲔ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﭐﻧﻘﻄﻊ ]ﺍﻟﺪﻡ[‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺣﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﹸﻛﱡﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﭐﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺾ؛ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﻭﻟﻴﻠﺔ)‪،(٩‬‬
‫ﻀﻬﺎ ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ﱠﻞ ﺍﳊﻴ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻠﻨﺎ ﺣﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﭐﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﺻﻼ ﹶﺓ ﺃﺭﺑﻌ ﹶﺔ ﻋﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ‪،‬‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻤ ِ‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﻞ؛‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻃ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮﻫﺎ ﲬﺴ ﹶﺔ ﻋﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ؛ ﻭﻫﻮ ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ﱡﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻬ ﹺﺮ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻞ‬
‫ﺼﱢﻠﻲ)‪ (١٣‬ﲬﺴ ﹶﺔ ﻋﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻧﻘﻄﻊ ﺣﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﲬﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﻭﻟﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﻬﺎ‪.‬‬‫ﻋﺸﺮ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻳﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺣﻴ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻮﺿﺄ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ ،(٣٦٤-٣٦٣/١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٨٨-٨٧‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﻣﻜﺮﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺮ" ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٣٦/٢‬ﻭ‪ ،(١٤٧‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١١‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪.(٣٥٤/١‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻃﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻱ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺷﺎ ﱞﺫ ﺿﻌﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺺ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻗﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺷﺎﺫ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(١٤٤/١‬ﻭﭐﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪.(٣٥٤/١‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (١١‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﰒ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺼﻠﻲ!‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٩٧‬‬

‫‪ -١٢٩‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺾ ﲟﺎ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﺮﺏ ﺃﺳﻔﻠﻬﺎ)‪(١‬؛ ﻟﺴﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﷲ‬
‫‪.(٢) ‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﹺﺇﺯﺍ ‪‬ﺭﻫﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻮ ﹺﻡ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٠‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺯﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻬﺎ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٣١‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻗﻬﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﹶﺃﺻﺎ ‪‬‬

‫‪fDm6 P‬א(‪ $R‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٢‬ﻭﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﭐﻏﺘﺴﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻃﻠﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ]ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ[ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ﹺﻮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (١‬ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻨﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻴﺾ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(١٢٩/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ ،(٣١٦/١‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ ،(٣٣٩/١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ،(٨٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫)‪ ،(١١٠/١‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳛﺮﻡ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻮﻁﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪ -‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ؛ ﳋﱪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ؛ ﹺﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺼ‪‬ﺎ ﳌﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺧﱪ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺎﺭ )ﺹ‪ ،(٧٥‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪" :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﻮ ﹲﻝ ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﱘ‬ ‫ﺨ‪‬‬‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ"‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(٣٩٣/٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻗﻮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﱪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﻧﺲ ‪ ‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﭐﺻﻨﻌﻮﺍ ﹸﻛ ﱠﻞ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﺇﻻ ﭐﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،#‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﺱ ﺯﻭﺟﹺﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﺟﻴﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻬﺎﺭ ﹶﺓ ﺳﺆﺭﹺﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺗﻜﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺣﺠﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺾ ﺭﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﳊﺎﺋ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.(٣٠٢) ،‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﱪ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺍﻷﺃﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺳﺄﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪@ : ‬ﻣﺎ ﳛﻞ‬
‫ﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﰐ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺣﺎﺋﺾ؟!‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺭ‪ ،#‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﰲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻱ )‪ ،(٢١٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‪" :‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺟﻴﺪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪$ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﻧﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﺎﺋﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺄﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺎﺷﺮﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﺰ ‪‬ﺭ ﰲ ﻓﻮﺭ ﺣﻴﻀﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺒﺎﺷﺮﻫﺎ‪ #‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻴﺾ‪،‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺾ‪ ،(٣٠٢) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺾ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺭ‪.(٢٩٣) ،‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻧﺔ ‪ ، ‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ )‪ ،(٣٠٣‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٩٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٥٦١/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٣/٢‬ﻭ‪ ،(٤١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٥٦١/٢‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪ ..." :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﺇﲨﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ )ﺹ‪.(٣٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٨٣/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٠‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ ،(٣٠٨/١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٣٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪ ،(٢٩٠/١‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺎﺭ )ﺹ‪.(٤٣‬‬
‫‪ ٩٨‬‬

‫ﺝ‬ ‫ﺲ)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﺭﻋﺎ ‪‬‬

‫ﻑ ﻭﻻ ] ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ[ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﳜﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -١٣٣‬ﻭﻻ ﻭﺿﻮ َﺀ ﻟﻠﺼﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﻴ ﹴﺢ ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﺩ ﹴﻡ ﻭﻻ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ﻭﻻ ﹶﻗ ﹾﻠ ﹴ‬
‫ﲔ)‪(٥‬؛ ﺍﻟﺬﻛ ﹺﺮ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪﺑ ﹺﺮ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺟ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -١٣٤‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻣﻀﻄﺠ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺍﻛ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺎﺟ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺘﻮﺿﺄ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٠‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ ﺹ‪ ١٣٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٩١/١‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺎﺭ )ﺹ‪.(٤٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٠‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ ،(٣٠٨/١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ،(٧٩‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٧٦-٧٥/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘ ﹾﻠﺲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺘﺴﻜﲔ ﺍﻟﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺑﺘﺤﺮﻳﻜﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﻑ ﻣﻞﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻭﻧﻪ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻘﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺎﺩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﻲﺀ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﶈﻜﻢ )‪ ،(٢٣٢/٦‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ )‪ (١٠٠/٤‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٣٩١/١٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺝ ﻭ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٠/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ ،(١١٩/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٦٢/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٧٢/١‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫)ﺹ‪.(٣٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٦/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ ،(١٢٣/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٧٤/١‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﲔ ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪" :(١٢٣/١‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴﺌ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﲔ؛‬
‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺍﻛﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺎﺟﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺒﻄﻞ ﻭﺿﻮﺀُﻩ!‪ ،‬ﻭﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮ َﺀ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺾ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻏﻠﱠ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻌﻈ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍ َﻷ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫ﻱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (١٧-١٦/٢‬ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻩ ﻟﻸﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﻘﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻜﻞ ﺣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ...‬ﻭﺗﺄﻭﻝ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﻧﺼ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻏﲑ ﳑﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﲔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ‪ :‬ﻏﻠﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻟﻴﺲ ﲜﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻳﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﻂ‪،‬‬
‫ﺺ ﻭﻫﻮ ﳏﺘﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻭﻳﻞ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ )ﰒ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ( ﻫﺬﺍ ﻧﺼﻪ ﲝﺮﻭﻓﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﺗﺄﻭﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﻧﻘﻠﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪@ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺟﺎﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺰﺍﻟﺖ ﻣﻘﻌﺪﺗﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ!‪ ..‬ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﺗﺰﻝ‪ ..‬ﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻮﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺘﺄﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺋﻢ ﻏﲑ ﳑﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻋﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺾ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺎﻟﺲ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻦ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﲔ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻧﺴﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺣﻜﻰ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﱴ ﻧﺆﻭﻝ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻣﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺗﺼﺤﻔﺖ ﻣﻦ "ﻓﻠﻴﺘﻮﺿﺄ"‪ ،‬ﺇﱃ "ﻓﻼ ﻳﺘﻮﺿﺄ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ ﰲ "ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ" ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ‪-‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪" -‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻔﻈﻪ –ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ -‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻫﻮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﻘﺒﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﳐﺎﻟﻒ ﳌﺎ ﺣﻜﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‬
‫‪ ، ‬ﻓﺎﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻪ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ‪) ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ‪-٢‬ﺏ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺇﱃ ‪-٤‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ(‪) ،‬ﺹ‪.(٣٩١‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٩٩‬‬

‫‪ -١٣٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (١‬ﻧﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺟﺎﻟ ‪‬‬

‫ﺴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺰﺍﻟﺖ ﻣﻘﻌﺪﺗﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺟﻠﻮﺳﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺎﺋﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٣‬ﻧﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻓﺰﺍﻟﺖ ﻗﺪﻣﺎﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻗﻴﺎﻣﻪ ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺳ ﹺﻦ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ)‪ ..(٧‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺟﺎﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫‪ | -١٣٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺴﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ﱠﻃ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪ (٩) (٨‬ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺽ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺟﺎﻟ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ‪@ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻧﺼﻪ ﲝﺮﻭﻓﻪ!‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺛ‪‬ﻨﻰٰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪@ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻔﻈﻪ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ؛ ﺇﺫ ﻫﻮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ!‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪ :‬ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ )‪ ،(١٣٤‬ﰒ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺮﺓ )‪ ،(١٣٦‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ "‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺳ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ"‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻓﻘﺮﺓ )‪ ،(١٣٥‬ﰒ ﻓﻘﺮﺓ )‪ ،(١٣٨‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻮﻃﺪ" ﰒ ﻓﻘﺮﺓ‬
‫)‪ ،(١٤٠‬ﰒ ﻓﻘﺮﺓ )‪ ،(١٤١‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﻟﻔﻆ "ﺭﺃﻯ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭﻫﻲ ﻟﻔﻆ "ﺃﻧﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻓﻘﺮﺓ‬
‫)‪.(١٣٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٦/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ ١٢٤/١‬ﻭ‪ ،(١٢٥‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(١٨/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٧٤/١‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺎﺭ )ﺹ‪.(٣٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻦ‪ :‬ﹶﺛ ﹶﻘﹶﻠ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ ﻭﺷﺪﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻌﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﻮ‪‬ﻡ‪ .‬ﺍﶈﻜﻢ )‪ ،(٦١٥/٨‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٢٥٥/٣٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٦/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ ،(١٢٢/١‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ )ﻣﻦ ‪-٢‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺠﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺇﱃ ‪ -٤‬ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ( )ﺹ‪" :(٣٩٢-٣٩١‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺧﺮ‪‬ﺝ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪@ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺰﺍﻟﺖ ﻗﺪﻣﺎﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻗﻴﺎﻣﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ! ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﻻ ﻭﺿﻮﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻟﻮ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ @ﻓﺰﺍﻟﺖ ﻗﺪﻣﺎﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮﻩ!‬
‫ﱐ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﻨ‪‬ﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺟﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺭﺍ ﱡ‬
‫ﺯﺍﻟﺖ ﻗﺪﻣﺎﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻬﺬﺍ ﺧﺺ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺾ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪" (٧‬ﺃﻱ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻮﻃﺪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺻﺮ‪‬ﺡ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ" ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻛﺘﺐ ﰲ ﻫﺎﻣﺶ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪" :‬ﻣﻄﺪﺍ"‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻣﻮﻃﺪﺍ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻛﺘﺒﻬﺎ "ﻣﻄﺪﺍ"‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﹸﺻﻠﺤﺖ ﺑﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻭ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺎﻣﺶ )ﺃ(‪" :‬ﻣﻄﺪﺍ ﻳﻌﲏ ﻣﻨﺘﺰﻗﺎ"‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﺼﺪ‪ :‬ﻣﻠﺘﺰﻗﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺎﻣﺶ )ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﻃﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﺜﺒﺘ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻘﻌﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺽ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻭ ﹶﻃ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﻲ َﺀ‪ ،‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻄﺪ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻃﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻃ ‪‬ﺪ ﹰﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ‪‬ﻭﻃ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻣ ‪‬ﻮﻃﹸﻮ ‪‬ﺩ‪ :‬ﹶﺃﹾﺛ‪‬ﺒﺘ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﹶﺛ ﱠﻘﻠﹶﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮﻃﱠ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻮﻃﹸﻮ ‪‬ﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻃ ‪‬ﺪ‪ :‬ﺛﺎﹺﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﶈﻜﻢ )‪ ،(٢٣٠/٩‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ )‪ ،(٢٠٤/٥‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪(٣٠٣-٣٠٢/٩‬‬
‫‪ ١٠٠‬‬

‫ﺴﺎ ﻏﲑ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ﱠﻃ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻓﺮﺃﻯ ﺭﺅﻳﺎ‪ ..‬ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٨‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺟﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ‪/٨)/‬ﺏ( ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ٌﺀ ﺩﺍﻓ ‪‬ﻖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‬ ‫‪ -١٣٩‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺃﻯ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﺎﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻏﺴﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪ ،(٥‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ ﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﻖ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺴﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ؟ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻢ ؟‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ؛ ﹶﺃﻧﺎ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫‪ -١٤٠‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮ ‪‬ﻡ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﹶﺃﻧﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺃﻡ ﻻ؟‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺎ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺭﺅﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -١٤١‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺑﻨﻮ ﹴﻡ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫)‪(١٥‬‬ ‫)‪(١٤‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﺑﻮ ﹴﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ‪/‬‬ ‫ﻂ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻟﻐﺎﺋ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -١٤٢‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﺪﺑﺮﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺎﰲ‬
‫ﻒ)‪ (١‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ)‪(٢‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ)‪ (٣‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‪  ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺭﺁﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﻬ ﹺﺮ‬
‫ﺍ ﹶﳌ‪‬ﺒﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﺧﻔﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ)‪.(٥‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻘﹺﺒ ﹶﻞ)‪ (٤‬ﺑﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﳌﻘﺪ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻴ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٦-٣٥/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ ،(١٢٤/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٧٤/١‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺎﺭ )ﺹ‪.(٣٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻣﻄﺪ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻮﻃﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻛﺘﺒﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﻄﺪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﹸﺻﻠﺤﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٦/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٨٢/٢‬ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ )ﺹ‪.(٣٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٧٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ)‪.(١٧/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٦/٢‬ﻭ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ ،(١٢٥/١‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(١٨/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٧٤/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٧/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﺃﻧﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٦/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(١٨/٢‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺎﰲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﲨﻊ ﻓﻴﻔﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ )‪.(٤٨٥/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ)‪/٤‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ ﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﻒ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻼﺀ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﶈﻜﻢ )‪.(٦٠/٧‬‬
 ‫‪١٠١‬‬

‫‪ -١٤٣‬ﻭﻻ ﳝﺲ ﻣﺼﺤ ﹰﻔﺎ ﻭﻻ ﳛﻤﻠﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻃﺎﻫ ‪‬ﺮﺍ)‪.(٦‬‬

‫‪ -١٤٤‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺍﳉﻨﺐ ﻭﻻ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺾ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﻻ ﳛﻤﻼﻥ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﳌﺼﺤﻒ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٥‬ﻭﳚﺐ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﳋﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﺘﺎﻥ؛ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﱰﻝ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﳋﺘﺎ ﹶﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨﺰ ﹺﻝ ﺍﳌﺎ َﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﻖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻏﺴﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﳋﺘﺎ ﹸﻥ ﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ﹶﺬ ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳﺠﺎﻭ ﹺﺯ ﺍ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٦‬ﻭﻟﻮ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ)‪.(١٣) (١٢‬‬
‫ﺴﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻔﻀ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ؛ ﻟﺸﻬﻮﺓ ﺃﻭ )ﻟﻐﲑ ﺷﻬﻮﺓ‪ ..(١٤‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‬
‫‪ -١٤٧‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ )‪ ،(٢٢٠/١٠‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﰊ ﺍﳉﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺑﻦ ‪‬ﻧﻔﹶﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺪﱐ ‪ ، ‬ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﻠﻮﻏﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺎﺟﺮ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺍﳋﻨﺪﻕ‪ ،‬ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﳌﻜﺜﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺭﻉ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﻹﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ‪ ، ‬ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻲ ﰲ ﻓﺘﻮﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﲟﻜﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫)‪ .(٧٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ )‪ ،(٩٥٠/٣‬ﻭﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(١٥٥/٤‬‬
‫ﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒ ﹰ‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻳﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻪ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺯ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺒﻨﺘﲔ‪ ،(١٤٥) ،‬ﻭﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﱪﺯ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺕ‪ (١٤٨) ،‬ﻭ)‪ ،(١٤٩‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﺑﺔ‪،‬‬
‫)‪.(٢٦٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٥٤٦/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٣‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ )‪ ،(١٤٣/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٧٩/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪.(٧٩/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٣‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ )‪ ،(٣٨٤/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٨٥/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳛﻤﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ )‪.(١٤٥/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٧٩/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ ،(١٤٢/١‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ )‪ ،(٢٠٨/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٨١/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٨١/٢‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ )‪.(٢١١/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٣٧/٢‬ﻭ‪.(٨١‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻏﲑﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ١٠٢‬‬

‫‪ -١٤٨‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻀ‪‬ﻴ ﹰﺔ )ﺍﻟﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،(٣‬ﺃﻭ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒﻠﺖ ﺯﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻬﺎ‪) ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺴﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹸﺓ ﻓﺮﺟ‪‬ﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ -١٤٩‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﺴﺖ ﻓﺮ ‪‬ﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻭ)‪ (٨‬ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒﹶﻠ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻓﺮ ‪‬ﺟﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﻬﺎ)‪ (٧‬ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺛﻮﺏ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻭﺿﻮﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ)‪(١٠‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪f  e d  :‬‬
‫]ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،٤٣ :‬ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ ،[٦ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ $ :‬ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻠ ﹸﺔ ﭐﻟﺮﺟ ﹺﻞ ﭐﻣﺮﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﺴ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺑﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ..‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﭐﳌﻼﻣﺴ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،(١١)#‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﱂ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﺒﻠﻬﺎ؛ ﺇﳕﺎ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻟﺜﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٧/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ ١٢٥/١‬ﻭ‪ ،(١٢٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٧٥-٧٤/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪،(٣٠/٢‬‬
‫ﺺ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺽ ﻭﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﳌﻠﻤﻮﺱ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ‪ :‬ﻧ ﹶﻘ ﹶﻞ ﺣﺮﻣﻠﺔ‪@ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺾ!‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻭﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ‪@ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺾ!‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﶈﺎﻣﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻏﲑﻩ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻓﺮﺟﻬﺎ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‪" :‬ﻓﺮﺟﻪ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ‪ ..." :‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٣٧/٢‬ﻭ‪.(٤٥‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﻣﻦ ﳌﺲ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٧٥-٧٤/١‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻧﻘﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺝ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٤/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ ،(١٢٨/١‬ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ )‪.(٧٥/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺴﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٨/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )‪ (٩٦/٨‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ٣٢/٢‬ﺇﺭﺷﺎﺩ( ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﺹ‪.٣٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٧/٢‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ ،(٦٤ :٤٣/١‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺳﺎﱂ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )‪.(١٣٤/١‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﲟﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ ،(٤٩٦ :١٣٢/١‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪.(٤٥/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪١٠٣‬‬

‫ﻚ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ‬

‫ﺴ ﹾﻞ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺛﻮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻐ ِ‬
‫ﺡ ﺳﺎﺋ ﹲﻞ ﻓﺄﺻﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٥١‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ؛ ﻛﺎﳌﺴﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ ﺗﺘﻮﺿﺄ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﲡﺰﺋﻪ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺋ ﹰ‬
‫ﻟﻜ ﱢﻞ ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺼﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻱ)‪- (٧) (٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬
‫ﻱ)‪ (٥) (٤‬ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹾﺫ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٢‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﻜﺤﻪ)‪ (٣‬ﺍ ﹶﳌ ﹾﺬ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺛﻮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﻜ ﱢﻞ ﺻﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﻟﻜ ﱢﻞ ﺻﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻐﺴﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺻﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺫﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﺍﻝ‪ -‬ﻳﺘﻮﺿﺄ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ؛‪ /‬ﻛﺎﳌﺴﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ )‪.(٩‬‬
‫ﺲ)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‪ (١‬ﺃﻥ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ)‪ (٢‬ﺳ‪‬ﻠ َ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ )ﻣﻌﻤﺮ‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٣‬ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻜﺎﻥ)‪ (٤‬ﻳﺘﻮﺿﺄ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺻﻼﺓ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٨/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٣٢/٢‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻻ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺾ؛ ﻟﻌﺪﻡ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﻼﻣﺴﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ )‪ ،(٤٤٦/١‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﺴﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻓﺮﻳﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺸﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﺘﻔﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺿﻮﺀ؛ ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺴﺪ ﻳﻮﺟﺐ ﻏﺴﻞ ﳏﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺿﻮﺀ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٥٦٠/٢‬‬
‫ﺱ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻴﻨ‪‬ﻪ‪ :‬ﹶﻏﻠﹶﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍﻟﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﻨ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻋ‪‬ﻴﻨ‪‬ﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﹶﻏﹶﻠﺒ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﻌ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(١٩٧/٧‬‬
‫ﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ٌﺀ ﺭﻗﻴ ‪‬ﻖ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﻼﻋﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻀﺮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻟﻐﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ :‬ﺑﺴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍ ﹶﳌ ﹾﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻜﺴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺜﻘﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻛﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻝ ﻣﻊ ﲣﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )‪.(٤٦٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻝﹺ‪ ،‬ﳜﻔﻒ ﻭﻳﺜﻘﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )ﺹ‪،(٥٣٧‬‬
‫ﲔ ﳜﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﺛﺨ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹾﺫﻱ‪- ،‬ﻟﻐﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮ‪‬ﺩﻱ‪ :-‬ﻣﺎ ٌﺀ ﺃﺑﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(١٨٦/٤٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﺘﻮﺿﺄ‪.‬‬
‫ﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺬﻱ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ -‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ )‪ ،(٤٤٦/١‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٢٩٩/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬ ‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪- ،(١١‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫)‪.(٥٦٠-٥٥٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ( ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺍﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﻷﺯﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﻻﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻧﺰﻳﻞ‬
‫ﺙ‪ ،‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﺛﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺪ ﺟﻨﺎﺯﺓ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹲ‬
‫ﺙ ﻋﻦ‪ :‬ﻗﺘﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺭﻉ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺿﻞ‪ ،‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶ‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ١٠٤‬‬

‫‪ -١٥٤‬ﻭﻣﻦ ]ﻛﺎﻥ[ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﺡ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺴﺎﺋﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﭑﻧﻔﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﻨﺼﺮﻑ ﻭﻳﻐﺴﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺟﺴ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﺘﺪﺉ ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹶﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٥‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﳍﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻉ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺣﺶ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺏ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻌﺎﻡ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺟﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺯ)‪ ،(٦‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﲑ ﺍﻟﻄﲑ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻓﻮﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺏ ﳒﺎﺳﺔ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﲬﺲ ﻗﺮﺏ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﺑﻪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻞ ﺳﺒ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪(١‬؛ ﺃﻭﻻﻫﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺧﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ‬
‫‪ -١٥٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻟﻎ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺐ ﰲ ﺇﹺﻧﺎ ٍﺀ)‪ ..(٨‬ﹸﻏ ِ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪.(٣) ‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻼﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﻖ ﺳﻮﺍﻫﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺳﲑ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ )‪ ،(٥/٧‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(٩٦١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ" !‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻻ ﳜﻔﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﺎﻙ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﳋﺰﺭﺟﻲ ﰒ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﰲ ﻛﻨﻴﺘﻪ ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﳌﺎ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺼﻐﺮﻩ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻳﻮﻡ ﺑﺪﺭ ﻓﹶﺮ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﹸﺣ‪‬ﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﺸﻬﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﻨﺪﻕ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻲ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ، ‬ﺃﹶﻣ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﻌﻠﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﰲ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ‪ ، ‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(١٢٦/٢‬‬
‫ﺽ ﺑﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮ ﹺﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺴﺎﻛﻪ؛ ﳊﺪﻭﺙ ﻣﺮ ﹴ‬
‫ﺲ‪ :‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ ﹶﻞ ﻭ‪‬ﻻﻥﹶ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻠﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺳ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )ﺹ‪.(٢٣٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪ :‬ﺳ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ (١٣٧/٢‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ : ‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺳﻠﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﻮﺿﺄ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺻﻼﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﺟﺎﺯ ﱄ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺘﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺣﺪﺛﻬﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺬﻟﻚ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺼﺮﺡ ﺃﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺳﻨﺪﻩ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪.(٢٦٠/١‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ ،(٥٨٢ :١٥١/١‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ ،(٢٠١/١‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﻗﻄﲏ )‪ ،(٢٠٢/١‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪،(٣٥٦/١‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ ،(١٧٤-١٧٣/١‬ﳓﻮﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ‪. ‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(١٣/٢‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٦٩/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٢٥/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(١٤/٢‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٧٠-٦٩/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٢٢/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪١٠٥‬‬

‫‪ -١٥٧‬ﻭﺍﳋﱰﻳﺮ ‪-‬ﻗﻴﺎ ‪‬ﺳﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ -‬ﻳﻐﺴﻞ ﺳﺒ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺳﺒﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٣/٢‬ﻭ‪ ،(١٤‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﺃﻭﻻﻫﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺧﺮﺍﻫﻦ"‪ ،‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﺃﻭﻻﻫﻦ ﺑﺘﺮﺍﺏ"‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ )‪ ،(٣٠٦/١‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٦٦/١‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪" :‬ﺇﺣﺪﺍﻫﻦ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺗﲔ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻏﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺟﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻗﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰱ‬
‫ﺺ ﻭﻗﻔﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰱ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﻛﺘﺒﺘﻪ ﺇﺫ ﺫﺍﻙ ﰱ ﺷﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪) :‬ﰒ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ(‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻛﺘﺒﺘﻪ ﰱ ﺷﺮﺡ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺃﺯﻝ ﺃﻏﺘﺒﻂ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰱ ﺍﳌﻨﺜﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻊ ﲡﺮﺩﻩ ﻟﻐﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ‬
‫ﰱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﰱ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﻫﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺗﻌﻴﲔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻭﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻘﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺟﺎﺏ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﻳﺸﺘﻐﻞ ﺑﺬﻛﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺃﻇﻨﻪ ﻭﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺑﻴﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻣﻔﺮﻭﻍ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﲔ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﰱ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪.(١٦٨-١٦٧/٢‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﺘﻔﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ )‪ ،(١٣/٢‬ﻭﻛﺄﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ ﱂ ﻳﻘﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٦-١٤/٢‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻟﻎ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺐ ﰲ ﺇﻧﺎﺀ ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﻓﻠﻴﻐﺴﻠﻪ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ؛ ﺃﻭﻻﻫﻦ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﺑﺘﺮﺍﺏ‪ ،#‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻐﺴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،(١٧٢) ،‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺷﺮﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺐ ﰲ ﺇﻧﺎﺀ ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﻓﻠﻴﻐﺴﻠﻪ ﺳﺒﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﻭﻟﻮﻍ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺐ‪ ،(٢٧٩/٨٩) ،‬ﺑﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫‪$‬ﻓﻠﲑﻗﻪ‪ ،#‬ﻭﰲ )‪ ،(٢٧٩/٩١‬ﺑﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪$ :‬ﺃﻭﻻﻫﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ‪ ،#‬ﻭﰲ )‪ (٢٨٠/٩٣‬ﺑﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪$ :‬ﻭﻋﻔﺮﻭﻩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ‪،#‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ‪$ :‬ﺃﻭﻻﻫﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺧﺮﺍﻫﻦ‪ #‬ﻓﺮﻭﺍﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(١٦-١٤/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺳﺆﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺐ‪ (٩١) ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻱ )‪" :(٢٧٦-٢٧٥/١‬ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﺑﲔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﺇﺣﺪﺍﻫﻦ‪ ..#‬ﻣﺒﻬﻤﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭ‪$‬ﺃﻭﻻﻫﻦ‪ #‬ﻭ‪$‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‪ ..#‬ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪$‬ﺃﻭ‪#‬؛ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳋﱪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻴﲑ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﲪﻞ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻴﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﳛﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺮﺡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﺮﻋﺸﻲ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻭﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ ﲝﺜﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺹ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ‪$‬ﺃﻭ‪ #‬ﺷﻜﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻭﻱ‪ ..‬ﻓﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺸﻚ‪ ..‬ﺃﻭﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺷﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﺑﲔ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺃﻭﻻﻫﻦ ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺃﻭﻻﻫﻦ ﺃﺭﺟﺢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﻔﻈﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺗﺘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﻏﺴﻠﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻣﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍ ُﻷﻭﱃ ﺃﻭﱃ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻘﻦ )‪.(٣١٣-٣١٢/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(١٧/٢‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ ،(٤٣٦/١‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٦٦/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٦٠٤/٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪: ‬‬
‫"ﻭﺍﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺟﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﻏﺴﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺑﻼ ﺗﺮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ١٠٦‬‬

‫‪ -١٥٨‬ﻭﻳﻬﺮﺍﻕ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻟﻎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳋﱰﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎ ٍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﲰ ﹴﻦ ]ﺃﻭ ﻋﺴ ﹴﻞ[ ﺃﻭ ﻟﱭﹴ ﺃﻭ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ]ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ[ ﺫﺍﺋ‪‬ﺒﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ..‬ﹸﺃﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ]ﻣﺎ[ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻛﻼ ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻛ ﹶﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎﺗﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺆﻛﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﳛﻞ‬ ‫ﺐ)‪ (٤‬ﺯﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﺫﺍﺋ ﹴ‬ ‫‪ -١٥٩‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺄﺭﺓ ﰲ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻴ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻭﺍﳉﻠﻮ ‪‬ﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻄ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻬﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻢ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺢ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳋﺸ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٠‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺛﻮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﻐﺴﻞ ﻣﻮﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺡ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﺻﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﭐﺳﺘﺼﺒﺎ ﹴ‬
‫‪ -١٦١‬ﻭﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ)‪ (٧‬ﲟﻴﺘﺔ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﺴﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺪ ‪‬ﻥ‪ ..-‬ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﺑﻪ ‪-‬ﰲ ﺛﻮ ﹴ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -١٦٢‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻛﺴ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺿ ﹺﻊ ﭐﻟﻮﺿﻮ ِﺀ ﻓﺠﻌ ﹶﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺼﺎﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺧﻮﻑ ﭐﺯﺩﻳﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻠ ‪‬ﺔ ﺧﻮﹰﻓﺎ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ)‪ (١١‬ﻳﱰﻋﻬﺎ)‪،(١٢‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭ)‪ (٩‬ﺟﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨﺎﻑ)‪ (١٠‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻋﻬﺎ؛ ﻟﺘﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻧﻔ ِ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺠﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﳋﱰﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺏ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﺪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٦٠٦/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ ،(٤٣٦/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٦٠٥/٢‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﺿﺎﺑﻂ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺩ‬
‫ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎ ﳝﻸ ﻣﻮﺿ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺎﺋﻊ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻟﻎ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺐ" ﺇﱃ ﻫﻨﺎ‪..‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺗﻪ )‪.(١٦٧/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﺘﺄﰐ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺾ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(١٢١/٢‬‬
‫ﻂ ﺑﻌﻀ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌ ﹴ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍ ﹶﳌﺰﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻳﺨ‪‬ﻴ ﹸ‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٩٩/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﳌﻴﺘﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﺠﺲ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻭﻗﻮ ﹺ‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻭ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳜﺎﻑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٠٤/١‬‬
 ‫‪١٠٧‬‬

‫ﺿﺊ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻭﻻ ﻋﺼﺎﺋﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﺴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺎﺋﺐ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻳﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻻ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺠ ﹺﺰﹸﺋ ‪‬ﻪ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٣‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﳝﺴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﺋﺮ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺛﻮ‪‬ﺑﻪ‪/٩)/‬ﺏ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻞ ﻣﺎ ﹶﺃﺻﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -١٦٤‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﺿﺄ ﰲ ‪‬ﺩﹾﻟ ﹺﻮ ﺟﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻴﺘ ‪‬ﺔ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﻣﺪﺑﻮ ﹴ‬
‫ﻍ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹶﺓ ﹺﺇﻥ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﹶﺃﺻﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﻁ ﺑﭑﻟﻌﺎﺝ)‪ ..(٦‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻞ ﻣﺎ ﹶﺃﺻﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭ‪‬ﭐ ‪‬ﻻ ‪‬ﺩﻫﺎ ﹸﻥ ﻭﭐ ‪‬ﻻ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘﺸﺎ ﹸ‬ ‫‪ -١٦٥‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﭐﻟﻮﺿﻮ ُﺀ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺇﻧﺎ ِﺀ ﻋﺎ ﹴ‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﺔ‬
‫ﺴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺃ ‪‬ﺳﻪ ﻳﺎﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ)‪ ،(٨‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍ ﹸﳌﺸ ﹸ‬
‫ﻂ ﻳﺎﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺛﻴﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻭ)‪ (٧‬ﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺑﺎﳌﻴﺘ ‪‬ﺔ ﰲ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ )‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺑﺴ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺫﹶﺭﻳﺮ ﹲﺓ)‪ (١١‬ﻳﺎﺑﺴ ﹲﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﺇﻻ ﻛﺮﺍﻫﱵ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻔﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،(١٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻳﺎﺑﺴﺔ)‪.(١٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪" :(٢٢٢/١‬ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳊﻨﺎﻃﻲ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳝﺴﺢ ﻭﻳﻜﻔﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٩٢/٢‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٢٢٣-٢٢٠/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٠٥-١٠٤/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻳﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﳝﺴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪(٢٢٣/١‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﰲ ﻭﺟﻮﺑﻪ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ‪ -‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻐ‪‬ﺴﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﹶﺴﺢ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻇﻬﺮﳘﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﺐ؛ ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺒﲑﺓ ﻧﺎﺏ ﻋﻤﺎ ﲢﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻼ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺪﻝ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻛﺎﳌﺴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻒ" ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﺍﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﻟﲔ ﻭﺣﻜﻮﳘﺎ ﲨﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻭﻭ‪‬ﺍ ﻋﻦ ‪$‬ﺍﻷﻡ‪ :#‬ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻴﻤﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻴﻤﻢ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٠٥/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٠-٢٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٠/٢‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢٨٤‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٩٩-٢٩٨/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٩٨/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٠/٢‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ )ﺹ‪.(٢٨٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺎﺑﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻦ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ )‪.(١٤٦/٢‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺰﺑﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲤﺴﻪ ﻳﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢٨٤‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٢٩٨/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٤/١‬‬
‫‪ ١٠٨‬‬

‫‪] -١٦٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ[‪ :‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ)‪ (١‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ)‪ (٢‬ﺭﻃﺒ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻞ ﻣﺎ ﹶﺃﺻﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﹶﺃﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺇﻥ‪ (٣)/‬ﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﺍﻷﻛ ﹶﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ)‪(٧) (٦‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪ -١٦٧‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮ َﺀ ﺑﺂﻧﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻀ ‪‬ﺔ ﹸﻛﱢﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻫ ﹺ‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﻧﺎ ‪‬ﺭ‬ ‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ‪‬ﺑ ﹾﻄﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ..‬ﹺﺇ‪‬ﻧﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻭ[ ﭐﻟ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﰲ ﺁﹺﻧ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ]ﭐﻟ ﱠﺬ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﭐﱠﻟ ‪‬ﺬﻱ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻢ‪.(٩)#‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻧﺪﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٥‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٩٨/٢‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻷﻛﻞ ﻟﺬﻫﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٣٠/٢‬ﻭ‪ ،(٣١‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٩٠/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٤٤/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٣٠٥/١‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻫﺔ ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺮﱘ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٠٧/٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺟﻮﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻡ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ‪ ، ‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٠/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﺑﻄﻨﻪ ﻧﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺔ ﹺﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﰲ ﺇﻧﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﻟﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺷﺮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺁﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ‪ ،(٥٦٣٤) ،‬ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﺍﱠﻟﺬﻱ ﻳ‪‬ﺸﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺟﻬﻨ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﲢﺮﱘ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻭﺍﱐ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺏ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﺑﻄﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻧﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺟﻬ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،#‬ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺔ ﹺﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﰲ ﺁﻧﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،(٢٠٦٥/١) ،‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻳﺸﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‪ ،#‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ ﱠﺬﻫ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺏ ﰲ ﺁﻧﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻬﺮ‪$ :‬ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻳﺄﻛ ﹸﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺸﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻷﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻬﺮ"‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﺮﻗﻢ )‪$ :(٢٠٦٥/٢‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﺑﻄﻨﻪ ﻧﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ‪.#‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺏ ﰲ ﺇﻧﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻫﺐ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻀﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﳕﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪$ :‬ﻻ ﺗﺸﺮﺑﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺁﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺄﻛﻠﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺻﺤﺎﻓﻬﺎ؛ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﳍﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ‪ ،#‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻃﻌﻤﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻛﻞ ﰲ ﺇﻧﺎﺀ ﻣﻔﻀﺾ‪ ،(٥٤٢٦) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﲢﺮﱘ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪.(٢٠٦٧/٥) ،‬‬
 ‫‪١٠٩‬‬

‫‪z‬א ‪FxaR4‬ز‪ E‬‬

‫‪ -١٦٨‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻜ‪‬ﺘﻮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ‪‬ﻳﺠﺰﺋﻪ ﺇﻻ ﹺﺑﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺔ)‪(١‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻮﻯ ]ﹺﺑ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ[ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑ ﹶﺔ ﻣﻔﺮﺩ ﹰﺓ‪) ..‬ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﻚ ]ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ﹺﻢ[ ﻧﺎﻓﻠ ﹰﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻭﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻧﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﳚﻮﺯ‪ (٢‬ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻗﺒﻠﹶﻬﺎ ﻭ)‪ (٦‬ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫‪ -١٦٩‬ﻭﹺﺇﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻮﻯ ﹺﺑ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑ ﹶﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠ ﹶﺔ)‪] (٤‬ﲨﻴ ‪‬ﻌﺎ[‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻩ ﺃﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﺭﻛﻌﱵ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺼﱠﻠﻰ‬
‫ﷲ ‪- ‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﻇﻦ‪ -‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ)‪(٧‬؛ ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﹶﻓ َ‬
‫ﻸ ﱠﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﻟﻪ)‪ (١١‬ﳐﺎﻟ ﹰﻔﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒﹶﻠﻬﺎ ﺳﻨ ﹲﺔ‪ ..‬ﻟﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﻴﺎ ‪‬ﺳﺎ‬
‫)ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ‪ (٢‬ﺃﲨﻌﻮﺍ)‪ (٣‬ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ]ﻋﻠﻴﻪ[‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٩٩/٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٢٣٦/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٢٤٤/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١١٠/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ‪.‬‬
‫ﺺ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻋﻠﻰ‪ :‬ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﻞ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ‪‬ﻧﺼ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻠﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﲔ‪ :‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻻﻥ؛ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺺ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻣﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ‪" :‬ﻓﺘﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻨﻔﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(١٠٠/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٧‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٢٥٣/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(١١١-١١٠/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ‬
‫)‪ ،(١٦٦/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ٢٥٨/٢‬ﻭ‪ ،(٢٥٩‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ )‪.(٢٤٥/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻧﺎﻓﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪) (٥‬ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻷﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ ،(١٦٥/١‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٢٣٧/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٢٥٩/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ .(١١٠/١‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪:‬‬
‫" ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻜ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ"‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﺎﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪" :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻞ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺴﺘﺒﻴﺢ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻗﻄﻌ‪‬ﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‪" :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﻟﻠﻨﻔﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١١١/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺻﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﱂ ﺃﺟﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﱂ ﳚﺰﻡ ﺑﺜﺒﻮﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ١١٠‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ‪‬ﺓ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬

‫‪ -١٧٠‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺘﲔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻟﺼﻼ ‪‬ﺓ‬
‫ﭐﻟ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﻠﺼﻼﺓ ﭐﻷﺧﺮﻯ)‪(٦‬؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ) ‪‬ﺟ ﱠﻞ ﹶﺛﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻩ‪]  ¼ » º ¹  :(٧‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،٤٣ :‬ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪،[٦ :‬‬
‫ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻷﺣﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﻃﻠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻟ ﹸﻜ ﱢﻞ ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﻭﺻﻔﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﺻﻼﺗﲔ ﺑﺘﻴﻤ ﹴﻢ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٧١‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﳌﺎ ِﺀ‪.(١٢‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﹶﺓ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹾﻞ )ﻃﻠ ﹺ‬
‫‪‬‬

‫ﺐ    ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﹶﻓﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹺ‬

‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ؟‪.‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺎ ٌﺀ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻃﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿ ﹴﻊ ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -١٧٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻛﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻳﻄﻠ ‪‬‬

‫ﺐ‪ ،‬ﰒ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻄﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻊ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﲟﺎ ٍﺀ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ‬

‫‪‬ﻳﺼﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٣‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ    ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ‬
‫ﺨﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ /،‬ﰒ ﳚﺪﻩ)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺎ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﺪ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫)ﺃﻥ ﻟﻮ ﺭﺁﻩ‪ (١٦‬ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ]ﺃﻥ[ ﻳﺼﲑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻩ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻩ ﺁﺧ ‪‬ﺮﺍ)‪.(٢) (١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺧﻼﻓﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳌﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ ،(١٦٨/١‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٢٥٠/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(١١٦/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٢٥٥/٢‬ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٩٩/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪. :‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٩٩/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٩٩/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳌﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﻘﺮﺓ ﺭﻗﻢ‪.(٣٢) :‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﺃﻟﻮ ﺭﺍ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‪" :‬ﺃﻥ ﻟﻮ ﺭﺃﻯ"‪.‬‬
 ‫‪١١١‬‬

‫‪ -١٧٤‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ)‪ (٣‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺻﻼﺓ؛‬
‫ﻭﺳﻮﺍﺀ)‪ (٤‬ﺻﻼﺗﲔ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺳﻔﺮ)‪ ،(٥‬ﺃﻭ)‪ (٦‬ﻓﺎﺋﺘﺘﲔ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﻗﻀﺎﺀﳘﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٥‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﻦ‪$ :‬ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﻴﻤ‪ ‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻟ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ‪.(٩)#‬‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﺼﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻲ‬
‫ﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﺮﹶﺃ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﺤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺼﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓ ﹶﻞ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ -١٧٦‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ)‪ (١٠‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺯ ‪‬ﺓ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻴﻤﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻣﺼﺤﻒ ﺃﻭ ﺟﻨﺎﺯﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺎﻓﻠﺔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺰ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ]ﺑﻪ[‬
‫ﻒ ﻭﺍﳉﻨﺎﺯ ‪‬ﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠ ‪‬ﺔ)‪.(١٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑ ﹰﺔ)‪(١٤‬؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑ ﹶﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻴﻤﻤﻪ ﻣﻊ ]ﻗﺮﺍﺀ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ[ ﺍﳌﺼﺤ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺁﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٩٩/٢‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٩٩/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٧٦/٢‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٩٩/٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٢٣٨/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ١١١/١‬ﻭ‪.(١١٦‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ : ‬ﻓﺮﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ ،(٢٢١/١‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ ،(٣٣/٢‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﻳﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺻﻼﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﺤﺪﺙ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﻘﺒﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻤﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻲ )‪ (٢٢١/١‬ﻭﺿﻌ‪‬ﻔﻪ ﻭﺿﻌ‪‬ﻒ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ‪ : ‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﺃﺟﺪﻩ؛ ﺑﻞ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﲞﻼﻑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻭﻯ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪:٢١٥/١‬‬
‫‪ ٨٣٥‬ﻭ‪ ،(٨٣٦‬ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻳﺘﻴﻤﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﲡﺰﺋﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﳛﺪﺙ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ (١٦٠/١‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻻ ﻳﻨﻘﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺍﳊﺪﺙ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ ﰲ ﺍﶈﻠﻰ )‪ (١٢٨/٢‬ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪.٢٣٦ :‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻧﻮﺍﻓﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪- ،(٢٥٧/٢‬ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ -‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٥٧/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٩٩/٢‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ )‪ ،(٢٤٤/١‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٢٣٩/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(١١١/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٢٣٧/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١١٠/١‬‬
‫‪.(٢٥٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫)‪/٢) (١٥‬‬
‫‪ ١١٢‬‬

‫ﺲ َﻷ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻳﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﹺﺇﻻ ‪‬ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﻳ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫‪ -١٧٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺘﲔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﻮﺍﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ)‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﺎ ِﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺩﺧﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹶﺓ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻃﻠ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -١٧٩‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺘﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﻶﺧﺮ ‪‬ﺓ)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﺻﻼ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻋﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﳌﺎ ِﺀ ﳍﺎ ﹺﺑ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ﹴﻢ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ]ﺃﻥ[‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ )ﺑﺎ ُﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ..(٣‬ﻓﺼﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﱢﻠﻲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﹶﺓ ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﻃﻠ ﹺ‬
‫‪‬ﻳﺮﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﺻﻼ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٠‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﺎ ﻓﺎﺋﺘﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺠﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﹶﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﹺﺑ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ﹴﻢ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ (٤‬ﺻﻼ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺒﻞ)‪ (٥‬ﻃﻠ ﹺ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬ ‫‪ -١٨١‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻪ ﺃﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺻﻼ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺘﻬﺎ)‪.(٦‬‬

‫‪ -١٨٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺎ؛ ﺇﳕﺎ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪-‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﻳﻨﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻗﺴﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ -‬ﻷﻥ ‬
‫ﺼﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ]ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ[ ﻧﻮﺍﻓ ﹶﻞ)‪ (٨‬ﻛﺜﲑ ﹰﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹶﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠ ‪‬ﺔ)‪ (٧‬ﹶﺃﺟﺰﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻩ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻴﻤﻢ ﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻧﻮﺍﻓﻞ)‪ (٩‬ﻛﺜﲑ ﹰﺓ؛ ﻧﻮﺍﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٤‬ﻭﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ )‪ (١‬ﻳﺪ ‪‬ﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟ ﹶﺔ ﻗﺒﹶﻠﻪ؛ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺗﻌﺠﻴ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ﹺﻢ ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪﺧﻮ ﹺﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﻳﺼﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺁ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮﺍ)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺒﻞ)‪ (٣‬ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻠﺘﻔﺘﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺼﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻃﻠﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻸﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻭﱃ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻘﺪ!‪" ،‬ﻭﺣﺬﻑ ‪$‬ﺃﻥ‪ #‬ﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﻗﻴﺎﺳ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﰲ‬
‫ﺇﻋﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ؛ ﻓﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮﻭﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺭﻓﻌﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺬﻓﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻫﺐ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺬﻓﺖ ﺑﻘﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﳘﻊ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﻣﻊ )‪ "(١٧/٢‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺷﺎﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ )ﺹ‪.(٤٩‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٢٥٩/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١١١/١‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﻼ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻧﻮﺍﻓ ﹰ‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﻼ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻧﻮﺍﻓ ﹰ‬ ‫)‪( ٩‬‬
 ‫‪١١٣‬‬

‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺃﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﻳﺪﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺎﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ‪ ..‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻀﺔ‪/١٠)/‬ﺏ( ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬

‫ﻧﻮﺍﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺘﲔ‪ ..‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ﹺﻢ‬ ‫‪ -١٨٥‬ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ )ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻮ‪ (٦‬ﻧﻮﻯ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑ ﹰﺔ ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ﹺﻮ ﻧﺎﻓﻠ ﹰﺔ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻧﻮﺍﻓ ﹶﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ)‪ (٨‬ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻧﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ؛ ﻧﻮﺍﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺘﲔ‪ ..‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ‬
‫]ﺍﳌﺎﺀ[ ﻟﻶﺧﺮﺓ)‪ (٩‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻟﻸﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻗﻴﺎ ‪‬ﺳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ،(١٠)/‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﳚﺪ‪ ..‬ﺗﻴﻤﻢ ﳍﺎ ﻛﺎﻷﻭﱃ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﳍﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ)‪ (١١‬ﻭﺣﻀﺮ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻴﻤﻢ ﳍﺎ ﻭﻧﻮﻯ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ)‪ (١٢‬ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﻭﻓﺮﺿﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ؛ ﻷﻥ  ﻳﺰﻋﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻪ ‪-‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻯ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ)‪) -(١٤)/(١٣‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺎﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺠﺰﺋﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(١٦‬‬
‫ﺗﻴﻤﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫‪ -١٨٦‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻷﺣﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪(١٥‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺼﱠﻠﻰ)‪ ..(١‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﱂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺟﺰﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺃﻧﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻧﺎﻓﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٥‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٢٠‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺳﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺎﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ" ﺇﱃ ﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ١١٤‬‬

‫‪ -١٨٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٣‬ﺗﻴﻤﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹶﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻩ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪،(٤‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹺﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻲ)‪ (٥‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻋﻮﺯ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻳﻄﻤﻊ ﺑﻪ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻌﺠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٨‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻢ ﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ‪‬ﻧ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻲ)‪ (٧‬ﻋﻦ ﺻﻼ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﻻ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﺑﻪ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﱡﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺻﻼ ﹸﺓ ﻧﺎﻓﻠ ‪‬ﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭﺗﺄﺧﺮﺕ)‪ (١١‬ﺻﻼ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (١٢‬ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫‪ -١٨٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﻴﻤﻢ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ )‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﺜﲑ)‪ ..(١٣‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ)‪.(١٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺻﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٩٩/٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٢٥٨/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(١١٩/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٧٥/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ ،(٢٩٠/١‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٢٥٩/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(١٢٠/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪.(٢٧٦/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﺎ" ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺭﲰﺖ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﻰ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٢٦٠/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(١٢٠/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٢٧٥/٢‬ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٢٧٧/٢‬ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲢﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻧﺎﻓﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻓﺘﺄﺧﺮ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺻﻠﻮﺍﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺎ ﻭﺟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٢٠/١‬‬
 ‫‪١١٥‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א ‪ kNZ‬‬

‫‪ -١٩٠‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺯﺍﻟﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ)‪.(١‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺯﺍﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪ ﹺﺭ‬ ‫‪‬ﻇ ﱡﻞ ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﻣﺜﹶﻠﻪ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٩١‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٢‬ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﺎﺭ)‪ (٦‬ﻇ ﱡﻞ ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﻣﺜﹶﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺯﺍﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ‪/‬‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫‪‬ﻇ ﱡﻞ ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٣‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٤‬ﻭﻭﻗﺖ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ‪ :‬ﻏﻴﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗ‪‬ﺘﺎ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻻ ﺗﺆﺧﺮ)‪ (١٢‬ﻋﻨﻪ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻝ ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻈﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺣﺪﻭﺛﻪ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻮﺍﺀ ﻇﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻮﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻴﺄﰐ‬
‫‪‬ﺫ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﻗﺮﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٨٠/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(١٥٨-١٥٧/٢‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٣٦٨-٣٦٦/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٨٠/١‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﻣﺜﻠﻪ"!‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻝ ﻟﻠﻘﺪﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(١٦١-١٦٠/٢‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٣٦٩-٣٦٨/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(١٨٠/١‬ﻭﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٣٦٩/١‬ﻭﺟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻹﺻﻄﺨﺮﻱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﺎﺭ ﻇﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﻣﺜﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺆﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(١٦٢/٢‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ٣٧٠/١‬ﻭ‪ ،(٣٧١‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳝﺘﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻏﻴﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(١٨١-١٨٠/١‬ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ١١٦‬‬

‫‪ -١٩٥‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻝ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﻣﻐﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻖ ‪ -‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﳊﻤﺮﺓ)‪ -(١‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻐﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٦‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺛﻠﺚ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺣ ﹲﺔ ﲟﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺄﻭﻳﻞ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻣﺘﻌﺬﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﳑﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺧﺰﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺎﰊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺰﺍﱄ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺣﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﻔﱴ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺟﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻋﻠﱠﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ‪$‬ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ‪ #‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﺒﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﻞ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪$‬ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ‪ #‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‬
‫ﺚ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪..‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹸ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ .(٣٥-٣٤/٣‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ‪" : ‬ﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻣﺴﺄﻟ ‪‬ﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ‬ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﱘ ﻭﺟﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻉ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺜﲎ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﳓﻮ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻳﻔﱴ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺪ ‪‬ﱘ ﻣﺮﺟﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﳜﺘﻠﻔﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻛﺜ ﹴﲑ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ"‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﺋﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜ ‪‬ﺮﻫﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺜ ‪‬ﲑ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ‪‬‬‫"‪‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺴﺐ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺒﻖ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﹰﺎ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫"ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﶈﻘﻘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺰﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﻨﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ"‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﺣﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻭﻭﺟﺪﻧﺎ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﺃﻓﺘﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ ..‬ﲪﻠﻨﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﺟﺘﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺩﻫﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ؛‬
‫ﻟﻈﻬﻮﺭ ﺩﻟﻴﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﳎﺘﻬﺪﻭﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﺄﻓﺘﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﲔ ﰲ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ‪-‬ﻳﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ‪ : -‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪﻫﻢ ﻟﻠﻘﺪﱘ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺇﺫﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩﺍ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﺟﺘﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ"‪" ،‬ﻭﺍﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻮﳍﻢ‪@ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‬
‫ﺺ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﺬﻫ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮﺟﻮ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻻ ﻓﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ!‪ ..‬ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﱘ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﱘ ﱂ ﳜﺎﻟﻔﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ‪‬ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻔﱴ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ‪ ...‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﻃﻠﻘﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻣﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻟﻜﻮﻥ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ" ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ .(١١٠-١٠٨/١‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﳑﺎ‬
‫ﻳ‪‬ﻔﱴ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻃﻠﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﻋﺪ ﹰﺓ ﺃﻋﺰﻭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٣٧٢/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٨١/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(٣٧٢/١‬‬
 ‫‪١١٧‬‬

‫‪ -١٩٧‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﺣﺴﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪.(٣)(٢) ‬‬

‫‪ -١٩٨‬ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ)‪ :(٤‬ﺍﻃﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٩‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺳﻔﺎﺭ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻷﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ‪‬؛ ﻣﺴﺠ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ (٧‬ﲨﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ)‪ (٨‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺴﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﻗﻮ ﹴﻡ ﰲ ﻧﺎﺩﻳﻬﻢ)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺴﺠ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫‪ -٢٠٠‬ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻛﱢﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹺﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ؛‬
‫ﺼﱡﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻀﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ‪ ..‬ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺼ ﱟﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻴﻞ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٥٧/٢‬ﻭ‪ ،(١٦٤‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ ،(٣٧٢/١‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٣٧٢/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٨٢/١‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﺃﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﻌﺸﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻤﺘﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺛﻠﺚ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﱃ ﻧﺼﻔﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺯ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻃﻠﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٣٧٢/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٨٢/١‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(١٦٥-١٦٤/٢‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺄﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻔﻮﺕ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ" –ﻳﻌﲏ ﺛﻠﺚ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪.-‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻧﺲ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺧ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﺻﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺻﻠﹼﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻧﺎﻣﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻧﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺮﲤﻮﻫﺎ‪ .#‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ (٥٧٢) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺄﺧﲑﻫﺎ‪.(٦٤٠) ،‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪$‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﻠﻴﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺖ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،#‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ‪.(٦١٢) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٦٥/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )‪ (١٠٤/٨‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ (٣٧٣/١‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٣٧٣/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٨٢/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪" :‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻔﻮﺕ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻄﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻔﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺯ‪ :‬ﺇﱃ ﻃﻠﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﺻﻄﺨﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺯ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻔﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.،(١٦٥/٢‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٣٧٤-٣٧٣/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪(١٨٢/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺴﺎﺟﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺩﻳﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺒﻴﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳌﺼﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺼﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٣‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٣٧٨/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٨٣/١‬‬
‫‪ ١١٨‬‬

‫ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪]  `_ ^ ]  :/ ‬ﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،[٧٨ :‬ﻭﺩﻟﻮﻛﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻣ‪‬ﻴﹸﻠﻬﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ‬

‫ﺟﻞ ﺛﻨﺎﺅﻩ‪ ]  C  B A  :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ ،[٢٣٨ :‬ﻭﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺗﻌﺠﻴﻠﻪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪:‬‬

‫ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻗ ﹺﻢ ‪]  QP‬ﻃﻪ‪.[١٤ :‬‬

‫‪ -٢٠١‬ﻭﻷﻥ ﺗﻌﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﺽ)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﺧﲑﻫﺎ؛ ﳌﺎ ﳛﺪﺙ ﰲ ﺗﺄﺧﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻞ ﺩﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺕ)‪ (٤‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭ)‪ (٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻠﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪/‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺭﺿﻮﺍ ﹸﻥ ﭐﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻮ ﭐﷲ‪ ،(٨)#‬ﻭﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﺲ)‪ (١‬ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺒ ﹺﺢ‪،‬‬
‫‪$ :‬ﹶﺃﻭ‪ ‬ﹸﻝ ﭐﻟﻮﻗ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ )‪ (١٩ :١١/١‬ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺲ‪ :‬ﺯﺍﻟﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻮﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺩﹶﻟ ﹶﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ ،(٢٠/٢‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ )ﺹ‪ ،(٣٤٤‬ﻭﳐﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٩٤‬ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )ﺹ‪:(١٦٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ )‪.(١٦٤/١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋﺾ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻬﻤﻠﺔ ﻻ ﻣﻌﺠﻤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٢١‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ )‪ ،(١٦٥/١٠‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٣‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ )‪ ،(١٦٤/١٠‬ﺑﻐﲑ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﺍﳊﺠﺞ ﻭﺃﻭﻻﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﰒ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪$‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺭﺿﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﷲ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺇﺫ ﺳﺌﻞ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪.#‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ‪ ،(١٧٢) ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ‬
‫)‪ ،(٢٤٩/١‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ ،(٤٣٥/١‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ (٢٨٩-٢٨٨/٢‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﺌﻞ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻫﺬﺍ؟ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ"‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ‬
‫)‪ ،(٢٨٧/١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻔﻴﻪ‪ ...‬ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﲪﺪ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺬﺍﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﻳﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ )‪.(٢٦/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪" :(٢٨٩/٢‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﻴﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻨﻜﺮ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﺿ ‪‬ﻌﻔﻪ ﳛﲕ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛ ﱠﺬﺑﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﺄﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ"‪.‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪١١٩‬‬

‫ﺲ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﻊ ﭐﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ]ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎ ُﺀ)‪ (٢‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘﹶﻠ ﱢﻔﻌﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ‪‬ﻃ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ﹾﻓ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻐﹶﻠ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻨﺼﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻘﻊ ﭐﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ[ )‪ (٤‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٢‬ﻓﺘﻌﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ؛ ﳌﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﺖ؛ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﳊ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﺼﻼ ‪‬ﺓ؛ ﹶﻓﹺﺈ ﱠﻥ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺓ ﭐ ﹶ‬
‫ﳊ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‪‬ﺑ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﺩﻭﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﭐﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺑﺘﺄﺧﲑ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ]ﺇﻟﻴﻪ[‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪$‬ﺇﹺﺫﺍ ﭐ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺪ ﭐ ﹶ‬
‫ﺕ ﰲ ﺷﺪﺓ‬
‫ﳊ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯ)‪ (٨‬ﻭﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪ ..‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﺢ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻢ‪(٦)#‬؛ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ)‪ (٧‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻣﺆﺫﻳﺔ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ، ‬ﰲ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻨﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ‬
‫ﺼ ﱟﻞ)‪ (١‬ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺿﺮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﰲ ﺗﻌﺠﻴﻠﻬﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ‬‫]ﰲ[ ﻧﺎﺩﻱ)‪ (٩‬ﻗﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻏﻠﺐ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺘﺎﺑﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺪ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻘﻦ ﰲ ﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )‪" :(٩٠/١‬ﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻃﺮﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﲪﺪ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺃﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﻣﺮﻓﻮ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻪ ﻳﺼﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﺮ"‪ .‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻔﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )‪ ،(٢٥٨/١‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﰲ ﺑﻠﻮﻍ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻡ )ﺹ‪.(٥٦‬‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺲ‪ :‬ﻇﻠﻤﺔ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻄﺖ ﺑﻀﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﺲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻐﻠﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﹸﻓ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻐﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ) ‪ ،(٩٥٦/٣‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ )‪.(٣٧٧/٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹸﺓ ﺑ ‪‬ﻐﹶﻠ ﹴ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ‪ ، ‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ ،(٥٧٨‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻜﲑ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺒﺢ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﺲ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ ،(٦٤٥‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ )‪.(١٦٢/١٠‬‬
‫ﺨ ﱞﻞ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﲎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﺇﻻ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻏﲎ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻓﺼﺎﺭ ﺇﺛﺒﺎ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(١٣‬ﻭﺭﺿﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺴﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺼﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻠﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ‪ ، ‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﺑﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﰲ ﺷﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮ‪ ،(٥٣٦) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻹﺑﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﰲ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﳊﺮ ﳌﻦ ﻣﻀﻰ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﳊﺮ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ‪ ،(٦١٥) ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٥٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٦٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ١٢٠‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺗﺄﺧﲑﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﻮﺳﻌ ﹰﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬

‫ﺐ ﺇﱄ؛ ﻭﻣﻌﲎ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫‪ -٢٠٣‬ﻭﺗﻌﺠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻓ ﹰﻘﺎ )ﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻨﺘﺎﺑﻮ‪‬ﺎ‪(٤‬؛ ﻛﺘﻮﺳﻌﺘﻪ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺗﲔ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﺮ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺪ ‪‬ﻳﺠﻤﻊ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻷ ﱠﻥ ﻭﺣ ﹶﻞ ﺍﳌﻄ ﹺﺮ ‪-‬ﻗﻠﻴﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻛﺜ ‪‬ﲑ ‪‬ﻩ‪ -‬ﻣﺆ ‪‬ﺫ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻛﺜ ‪‬ﲑ ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﺆ ‪‬ﺫ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﺍﻷﻏﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ‬ ‫‪ -٢٠٥‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻻ ‪‬ﻳﺆﺫﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼﱠﻠﻰ ﰲ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﳊﺮ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻏﲑﻩ ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﺩ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٦‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א‪B‬ذאن ‬
‫‪ -٢٠٧‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪/١١)/‬ﺏ( ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳﻨﺎﺩﻯ ﻟﻠﺼﻼﺓ)‪ (٩‬ﺇﻻ ﻋﻨﺪ)‪ (١٠‬ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ)‪(١‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺪﺍﺀ ﳍﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳌﺼﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(١٥٩/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٣‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ ،(٣٧٨/١‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٣٨٠/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٨٤/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﺘﺎﺑﻮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻹﺑﺮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺭﺧﺼﺔ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺗﺒﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻠﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ‪: ‬‬
‫"ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﺍﻹﺑﺮﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺷﺎ ﱟﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺑﺮﺍﺩ ﺭﺧﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻮ ﲢ ‪‬ﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﺸ ﱠﻘﺔ ﻭﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﰲ‬
‫ﺖﰲ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹺﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺑﺮﺍﺩ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﺇﻗﺎﻣ ﹶﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹺﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺱ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻊ ﻟﻠﺤﻴﻄﺎﻥ ‪‬ﻇ ﱞﻞ ﳝﺸﻲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻃﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍ َﻷ ‪‬ﻭ ﹺﻝ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ"‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٣٨١/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٨٤/١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﹶﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺷﺎ ﱞﺫ‪ ..‬ﻫﻮ ﻧﺼ‪‬ﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻗﻮ ﹲﻝ ﻻ ﻭﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺃﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻧﺼ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻫﺬﺍ؛ ﻓﻔﻲ ﻭﺻﻔﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺬﻭﺫ ﻧﻈﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺆﺫﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺆﺫﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٣٨١/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٨٤/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪١٢١‬‬

‫‪ -٢٠٨‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﻧﺎﺩﻯ ﻟﻠﺼﻼﺓ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‪ (٣)/‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ)‪ ،(٤‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٩‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺫﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ)‪ (٥‬ﺭﺍﻛ‪‬ﺒﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٠‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ﱠﺫ ﹸﻥ ﻟﺸﻲ ٍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓ ﹺﻞ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳ ﹺﻦ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺴﻘﺎ ِﺀ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻮﻑ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪ ﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺻﻼﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ ﱠﺫ ﹶﻥ ﻟﻠﱵ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻞ ﺻﻼﺓ ﻓﺎﺋﺘﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻣﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ)‪  (١‬ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳋﻨﺪﻕ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٨٢/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ، ‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺃﺫﺍﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﻰ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﳜﱪﻩ )‪ (٦١٧‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﳛﺼﻞ ﺑﻄﻠﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﺡ )‪ .(١٠٩٢‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪(١٨٢-١٨١/٢‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٦‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٨٣/٢‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺳﻔﺮﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٨١/٢‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺩﻓﻌ ﹰﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹰﺓ‪ ..‬ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺆﺫﱢﻥ ﻟﻐﲑ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﻗﻀﺎ َﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺋ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻞ ﻳﺆﺫﻥ ﻟﻸﻭﱃ؟ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﻘﻴﻢ ﳍﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺆﺫﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺟﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻳﺆﺫﻥ ﻭﻳﻘﻴﻢ ﻟﻸﻭﱃ ﻭﺣﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻴﻢ ﻟﻠﱵ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﺎﺱ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ ﱠﺫ ﹶﻥ ﻭﺃﹶﻗﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﻣﻞ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃﻗﺎ ‪‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ "ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻞ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(١٩٢/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٢‬ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺏ )ﺹ‪ ،(١١١‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٩٢-٩٠/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ ،(٩٢‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺗﻪ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(١٩٧/١‬ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺆﺫﻥ ﻟﻠﻔﺎﺋﺘﺔ؛‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻪ ﻛﺜ ‪‬ﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ" ﻭﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬‫ﺻ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫)‪" :(٩٢/٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺻﺤﺎ‪‬ﺑﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﺣﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ :‬ﺣﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ‪ :‬ﺣﻖ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳ‪‬ﻔﱴ ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺻﻼﺓ ﻓﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﰒ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٢‬ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺏ )ﺹ‪،(١١١‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(١٩٧/١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(٩٢/٣‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻭﺍﱃ ﺑﲔ ﻓﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻭﻣﻘﻀﻴﺔ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ ﱠﺫ ﹶﻥ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺆﺫﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ ١٢٢‬‬

‫ﺻﱢﻠﻲ‪‬؛ ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ‬

‫‪ -٢١١‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ ﳌﻦ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺻﻼ ﹰﺓ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻗﺪ ﹸﺃ ﱢﺫ ﹶﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﳍﺎ ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﻼ‬ ‫ﲡﺰﺋﻪ)‪(٤‬؛ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﺍﳌﺴﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱢﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺻﻼ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﻗﺪ ﹸﺃ ﱢﺫ ﹶﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻗﺎﻣ ﹲﺔ‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﻘﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱢﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻼ ﺃﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺇﻗﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺪ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺃﺫﺍﻥ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠ‪‬ﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ -٢١٢‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﺆﺫﻥ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﺭ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ]ﻗﺪ[ ﺃﺫﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٣‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺆﺫﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺟﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺠ ﹺﺮ‪) ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪(١‬؛‬ ‫ﺾ ﺍﳌ ‪‬ﺆ ﱢﺫﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ﹸﻞ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺠﺮ)‪ ،(٩) (٨‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٤‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳﹶﺜ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﱢﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺼﻼ ‪‬ﺓ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭ‪‬ﻟ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺠ ﹺﺮ؛ ‪‬ﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ﱢﺫﻧﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺇﻃﻼ ﹺ‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺠ ﹺﺮ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﺆﺫﻧ‪‬ﺎﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ)‪(٦‬؛ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ﱢﺫ ﹸﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻵﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺇﻃﻼ ﹺ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(١٩١/٢‬ﻭﺃﲪﺪ )‪ ،(١١١٩٨ :٢٩٣/١٧‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ ﻟﻠﻔﻮﺍﺋﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ‪ ،(٦٦١) ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻣﻲ )‪ ،(١٥٢٤ :٤٣٠/١‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﳝﺔ )‪ ،(٩٩٦ :٩٩/٢‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ‬
‫)‪،(٢٨٩٠ :١٤٧/٧‬ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ ‪ ، ‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪:(٩١/٣‬‬
‫"ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﻼ ﹰﻻ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﰒ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﰒ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﰒ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﺫﺍﻧ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳚﺰﻳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺆﺫﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻳﻘﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺼﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٨٥/٢‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ..‬ﺃﺣﺒﺒﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺫﻥ ﻭﻳﻘﻴﻢ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﻰ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻮﻳﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﻗﻮﻝ‪$ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺧﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ‪ #‬ﰲ ﺃﺫﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ‪-‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ -‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺜﻮﻳﺐ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺴﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺆﺫﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪$‬ﺣﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺣﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺡ‪ #‬ﻣﺮ‪‬ﺗﲔ‪ ،‬ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﺧﺎﺻ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ‪: ‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺮﻩ ﰲ‬
‫"ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺜﻮﻳﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪$ :‬ﺣﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺣﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺡ‪ #‬ﻣﺮﺗﲔ‪ ،‬ﺑﲔ ﺍﻹﺫﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ‪ ..‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ ﶈﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ )ﺹ‪.(٨٣‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﳕﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻲ‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﻣﹶﺜ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻮﻳﺐ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺆﺫﻥ ﰲ ﺃﺫﺍﻧﻪ ﻟﻠﻔﺠﺮ‪$ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺧﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ‪ #‬ﻣﺮﺗﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﺩﺍ ﹴ‬
‫ﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺍ َﻷﻣ ﹺﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳌ ‪‬ﺆ ﱢﺫ ﹶﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ $ :‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺏ‪ ..‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺟﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺭﺟﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻳﺜﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﺜﻮﻳ‪‬ﺒﺎ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﺛﺎ ‪‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪١٢٣‬‬

‫ﺐ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﳚﺰﺉ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ -‬ﻭﻫﻮ ]ﺍﻟﻨﺪﺍﺀ[ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‬
‫‪ -٢١٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺪﺍ ُﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺭﺓ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻤﹶﻠ ﹰﺔ ﺣﲔ ﳚﻠﺲ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ‪/‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﺫﻧﻮﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻔﺘﺤﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻷﺫﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺴﻤﻊ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻓﻴﺄﺗﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﻏﻮﺍ‪ ..‬ﺧﻄﺐ ]‪‬ﻢ[ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٦‬ﻭﳝﻨﻊ ]ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ[ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ ]ﰲ[ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻉ ﺃﻭ)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺳﺎﺀ ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳﻔﺴ ‪‬ﺦ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺦ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹺﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻲ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫‪ | -٢١٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ)‪ (١٣‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ..#‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺩﻋﺎﻫﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪$ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺧﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ‪ ..#‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﻛﻼ ﹴﻡ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻩ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻮﻳﺐ ﲟﻌﻨ‪‬ﻰ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺆﺫﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ‪@ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺭﲪﻜﻢ ﺍﷲ!‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﳓﻮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﹸﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺮ )ﺹ‪ ،(٨٠‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ )‪.(٢٢٦/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺆﺫﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻤﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﺘﺄﻫﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٨٢/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺆﺫﻧﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(١٨١/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ، ،(١٣‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻂ ﻣﻐﺎﻳ ﹴﺮ ﻭﺻﻐ ﹴﲑ ﻭﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺢﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﻘﻠﻪ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﻛﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻘﺮﻭﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﲞ ﱟ‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‪" :‬ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪" :‬ﻟﻴﺴﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻴﺄﺗﻮﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻪ ﲝﺮﻭﻓﻪ"‪،‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٩٠/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(١٣٢/٣‬ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻱ )‪ (٣٩٥/٢‬ﰲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺆﺫﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﲝﺜﻪ ﻟﻌﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﺫﻧﲔ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٩٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ١٢٤‬‬

‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﰲ ﺻﺤﺮﺍ َﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﺩﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺆﺫ ﹲﻥ‪] ..‬ﺃﻥ[ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ﱢﺫ ﹶﻥ ﻟﻠﺼﻼﺓ)‪،(١‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻟﻠﺮﺟ ﹺﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٨‬ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺻﻮﺗﻪ)‪(٢‬؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ‪‬ﻳﺮﻭﻯ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺴﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﺻﻮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺣﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﻻ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﺇﻻ ‪‬ﺷ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﻟﻪ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺔ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٩‬ﻭﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪$ -٢٢٠‬ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ‪ ،‬ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ‪$ ،#‬ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ‪ ،‬ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ‪.#‬‬
‫‪$ -٢٢١‬ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ‪$ ،#‬ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ‪.#‬‬
‫‪$ -٢٢٢‬ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳏﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪$ ،#‬ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳏﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪.#‬‬
‫‪- -٢٢٣‬ﰒ ﺗﺮﺟﻊ ﻭﲤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻮﺗﻚ‪-‬‬
‫‪$ -٢٢٤‬ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ‪$ ،#‬ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ‪.#‬‬
‫‪$ -٢٢٥‬ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳏﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪$ ،#‬ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳏﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪.#‬‬
‫‪$ -٢٢٦‬ﺣﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪$ ،#‬ﺣﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.#‬‬
‫‪$ -٢٢٧‬ﺣﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺡ‪$ ،#‬ﺣﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺡ‪.#‬‬
‫‪$ -٢٢٨‬ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ‪ ،‬ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ‪$ ،#‬ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ‪.(٤)#‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٩‬ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺡ‪$ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺧﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ‪$] ،#‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺧﲑ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ[‪ ،(١)#‬ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ‪ ،‬ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(١٩٥/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(١٩٥/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٩٥/٢‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺴﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﺻﻮﺗﻚ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﻦ ﻭﻻ ﹺﺇ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺇﻻ ﺷﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﻟﻚ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪،#‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺪﺍﺀ‪ ،(٦٠٩) ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﺮﺭ ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٣٢٩٦) :‬ﻭ)‪ .(٧٥٤٨‬ﻭﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺲ ﻭﻻ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ‪.#...‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪ ...$ :‬ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﻦ ﻭﻻ ﺇﹺﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻟﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﺍﳊﺠﺮ‪ #‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ ﻭﺛﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﳌﺆﺫﻧﲔ‪ (٧٢٣) ،‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪:‬‬
‫‪$‬ﻻ ﻳﺴﻤﻌﻪ ﺟﻦ ﻭﻻ ﺇﻧﺲ ﻭﻻ ﺷﺠﺮ ﻭﻻ ﺣﺠﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺷﻬﺪ ﻟﻪ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪" :‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﳝﺔ‬
‫)‪ (٣٨٩ :٢٠٣/١‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﺻﻮﺗﻪ ﺷﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻣﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺟﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺇﻧﺲ ﺇﻻ ﺷﻬﺪ ﻟﻪ‪،#‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ (٢٣٢/٢‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(١٨٦/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١٢‬‬
 ‫‪١٢٥‬‬

‫‪ -٢٣٠‬ﻭﺍﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪$ -٢٣١‬ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ‪ ،‬ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ‪.#‬‬
‫‪$ -٢٣٢‬ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ‪$ ،(٢)#‬ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳏﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪.#‬‬
‫‪$ -٢٣٣‬ﺣﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪$ ،#‬ﺣﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺡ‪.#‬‬
‫‪$ -٢٣٤‬ﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪$ ،#‬ﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.#‬‬
‫‪$ -٢٣٥‬ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ‪ ،‬ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ‪$ ،#‬ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ‪.(٣)#‬‬
‫ﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﺑﺎ ﳏﺬﻭﺭﺓ)‪.(٥)(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٦‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹺﻭ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﺫﻧﻮﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻓﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺃﻓﻀﻠﻬﻢ)‪(٧) (٦‬؛ ﻻ ﱢﻃﻼﻋﻬﻢ‬
‫‪ -٢٣٧‬ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻭﻗﺎ‪‬ﻢ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ]ﺃﻓﻀﻞ[ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﱪ)‪(٥‬؛‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻧﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻠﻮﺍ‪‬ﻢ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻟﻠﻘﺪﱘ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻮﻳﺐ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳐﺎﻟﻒ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﻴﻞ ﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﳑﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﻔﱴ ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻧﺺ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺮﻯ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳑﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﻔﱴ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﱘ ﻭﺍﻓﻘﻪ ﺟﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪،(١٨٧/٢‬‬
‫ﺱ ﻗﻮﻟﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﹶﻭﱃ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪" :‬ﻫﻮ ﺳﻨﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ ":‬ﻗﻴﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮﻭﻥ" ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(١٩٩/١‬ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﻭﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(١٠١/٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪$ :‬ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ‪ #‬ﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٨٧/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )‪.(١٠٥/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﺬﻭﺭﺓ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﺱ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﲑ ﺑﻦ ﻟﻮﺫﺍﻥ ﺍﳉﻤﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ‪ ، ‬ﻏﻠﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺍﲰﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﳐﲑﻳﺰ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺃﺑﺎ ﳏﺬﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺆﺫﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﲟﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﻷﺫﺍﻥ ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺷﻌﺮ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﻋﻢ ﺃﻻ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺮﻙ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻵﺧﺬ ﺷﻌﺮﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ ‬ﻭﺩﻋﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﱪﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﲟﻜﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ )‪ ،(١٧٥١/٤‬ﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(٢٧٨/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٨٦-١٨٥/٢‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺻﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ )‪.(٣٧٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻓﺎﺿﻠﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٨٤/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ ١٢٦‬‬

‫ﻟﻸﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺭﻭﻳﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻤﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪..‬‬
‫ﺱ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﭐﻟﻨﺪﺍ ِﺀ ﻭﭐﻟﺼﻒ‪ ‬ﭐ َﻷﻭ‪ ‬ﹺﻝ ﰒ ﱂ ﳚﺪﻭﺍ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻟﻮ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﭐﻟﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺢ‪َ ..‬ﻷ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻫﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻮﺍ‪.(٦)#‬‬
‫ﺱ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﭐﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺸﺎ ِﺀ ﻭﭐﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﺒ ﹺ‬
‫ﹶﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻠﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﭐﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ‪/١٢)/‬ﺏ( ﺍ َﻷ ‪‬ﻭ ﹺﻝ ﻭﺷﻬﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺸﺎ ِﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺒ ﹺﺢ؛ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹺﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒ ﹸﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻥ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٨‬ﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪. ‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٩‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﲰﻊ ﺍﳌﺆﺫﻥ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻘ ﹾﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻓﹺﺈ ﱠﻥ ﻟﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻷﺟﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ)‪.(٨‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻼﻃﻼﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺻﻼ‪‬ﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )ﺹ‪.(١٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪" :‬ﺃﺣﺐ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ ‬ﺍﻏﻔﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺫﻧﲔ‪ ،#‬ﻭﺃﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻀﻤﺎﻥ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻷﺫﺍ ﹶﻥ؛ ﳌﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪$ :‬ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٠٥/٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ " :(١٣‬ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﻤﻨﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺫﻧﻮﻥ ﺃﻣﻨﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺭﺷﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﻔﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺫﻧﲔ‪." #‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ‪ ، ‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‪،(٦١٥) ،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺗﺴﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻮﻑ ﻭﺇﻗﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻓﺎﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻻﺯﺩﺣﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺃﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﻭﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪.(٤٣٧) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٩٨/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ‪ ‬ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ ‪ ، ‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﺫﺍ ﲰﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،(٦١١) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺆﺫﻥ ﳌﻦ‬
‫ﲰﻌﻪ ﰒ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﰒ ﻳﺴﺄﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ )‪ .(٣٨٣‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‬
‫)‪.(١٩٧-١٩٦/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ‪ : ‬ﻓﺮﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪:‬ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪:‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﺫﺍ ﲰﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺩﻱ‪ (٦١٢) ،‬ﻭ)‪ (٦١٣‬ﻭﰲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﳚﻴﺐ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﲰﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٩٧/٢‬ﻭ‪.(١٩٨‬‬
 ‫‪١٢٧‬‬

‫‪' '(١)L6 P‬א ?‪Q D‬و' >‪Yx‬א‪B‬ذאنوא‪ ' Uq‬‬

‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫‪) -٢٤٠‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ (٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎ َﺀ)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺗﻘﻮﻡ‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎ َﺀ ﻭﺗﻘﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺳ ﹰﻄﺎ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺃﻥ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﺳﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺳ ﹰﻄﺎ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤١‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎ ِﺀ ﹶﺃﺫﺍ ﹲﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺇﻗﺎﻣ ﹲﺔ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻓﺈﻥ )ﹶﺃ ﱠﺫ ﱠﻥ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ‪ ..(١‬ﱂ ﺃﻛﺮﻩ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪(٢‬؛ َﻷ ﱠﻥ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ (٣‬ﺍ َ‬
‫ﷲ ‪.(٤) ‬‬ ‫ﲤﺠﻴ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﻛﺮﻩ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٦‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٢٢/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٢٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٢٢/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )‪.(١١٧/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺃﰊ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺰﻭﻣﻴﺔ ‪ ، ‬ﺗﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪‬‬
‫ﰲ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﳑﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﳝﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻭﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺎﺟﺮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺒﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﻗﺪﻣﺎ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﻫﺎﺟﺮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﳉﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﺐ ﻭﺇﺷﺎﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻓﻮﺭ ﻋﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺻﻮﺍﺏ ﺭﺃﻳﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺯﻳﻨﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﻮﻫﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﰲ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀَﻫﺎ ﻧﻌﻲ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ‬
‫‪ ، ‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﰲ ﻭﻓﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺃﻣﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻣﻮ‪‬ﺗﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ )‪ ،(٣٤٠/٦‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫)‪.(٤٠٤/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺆﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﻮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٢١/٢‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ )‪ ،(٥٠٨٢ :١٤٠/٣‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪-٨٨/٢‬‬
‫‪ ،(٨٩‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ ﰲ ﺍﶈﻠﻰ )‪ (٢٢٠-٢١٩/٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﻛﺎﻟﺬﻫﺐ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺤﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ١٧٢/٤‬ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ُ‪‬ﺃﺣ‪‬ﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗ‪‬ﻘﻴ ‪‬ﻢ"‪،‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٨٤/٢‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺃﺫﺍﻥ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ )‪" :(١٨٥/٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(١٢‬ﻭﺃﺣﺐ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﻴﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ ١٢٨‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹸﺓ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ)‪(٦‬؛ ﻷﻥ‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬

‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﺻﻮﺍ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻦ ﺑﺎ َﻷﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٢‬ﹶﻏ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧﻲ ﻻ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬﻰ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮ ‪‬‬

‫)‪O36 P‬א ‪Yxd‬א ‪ (٧kNZ‬‬

‫‪) -٢٤٣‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ (٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﹶﻛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ)‪ ..(٩‬ﺭﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ‪‬ﺣ ﹾﺬ ‪‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻨ ‪‬ﻜ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻛﻊ‪ ..‬ﺭﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻓﻊ ]ﺭﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻪ[ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ‪ ..‬ﺭﻓﻌﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ ﺭﻛﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻔﺮﻍ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺴﺠﻮﺩ‪) ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٤‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺪﺗﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻫﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ‪ ،(١٣) (١٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ )‪ (١٤‬ﻣﻌﲎ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹺﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪.(١٥) ‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪" :‬ﺃﺫﻧﻮﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻗﺎﻣﻮﺍ"‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪" :‬ﺃﺫﻧﻮﺍ ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻣﻮﺍ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٨٤/٢‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﻳﺆﺫﻧﻮﺍ ﻷﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﻻ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‪" :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺫﻧﺖ ﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﱂ ﳚﺰ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﺫﺍ‪‬ﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳝﺠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪. :‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﺘﺴﻤﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٨٥-١٨٤/٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻊ ﺻﻮﺍﺣﺒﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺫﻧﺖ‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٣٤/٢‬ﻭ‪ (٢٣٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻫﻮﻱ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻟﻠﺴﺠﻮﺩ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٣٨/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﰲ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ، ‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﱪ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻛﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻓﻊ‪ ،(٧٣٦) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﺣﺬﻭ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺒﲔ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ‪ ،(٣٩٠) ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪١٢٩‬‬

‫‪0U6 P‬لא‪?&Z2‬א‪q‬אم ‬
‫‪) -٢٤٥‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ ،(١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﱢﻠﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪$ :‬ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﻭﲝﻤﺪﻙ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﲰﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﻏﲑﻙ‪$ ،(٢)#‬ﻭﺟﻬﺖ ﻭﺟﻬﻲ ﻟﻠﺬﻱ ﻓﻄﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺣﻨﻴ ﹰﻔﺎ ﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻤﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﺻﻼﰐ ﻭﻧﺴﻜﻲ ﻭﳏﻴﺎﻱ ﻭﳑﺎﰐ ﷲ ﺭﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻣﺮﺕ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪$ ،(٤)#‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﻟﻚ ﺃﺳﻠﻤﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻚ ﺁﻣﻨﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻛﻠﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﺃﻧﺒﺖ‪/.(٥)#‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﺭﻙ‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٦‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻟﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﱢﻠﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍ ﹺﻡ ﻭﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ)‪(٦‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻚ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ)‪(٩‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻔﺘﺢ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﹶﺓ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍ ﹺﻡ‪ ..‬ﹶﻛ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪.(٢٣٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺛﺎﻳﺘﺔ ﰲ )ﻡ( ﺩﻭﻥ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺮﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ، ‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ‪ ،(٨٩٩) ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪" :‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‪" :‬ﻣﺴﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎ"‪ ..‬ﱂ ﺗﺮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﻲ ﰲ ﺁﻳﺔ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻧﻌﺎﻡ ﺭﻗﻢ‬
‫‪.٧٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٢٤٠/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺣﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻗﺼﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﻗﻴﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،(٧٧١) ،‬ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ‪. ‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ‪ ، ‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺠﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫‪ ،(١١٢٠) ، r  q  p o n m  ‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻗﺼﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﻗﻴﺎﻣﻪ‪.(٧٦٩) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٤١/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺘﺢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٤١/٢‬‬
‫‪ ١٣٠‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א(>‪
    .P‬و‪U‬א‪kQ‬א‡‪ R‬‬

‫‪) -٢٤٧‬ﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ (١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ] ‪ :[ ‬ﻭﳚﻬﺮ ﺑـ‪        :‬‬

‫ 
 ﻗﺒﻞ )ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ (٢‬ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ]ﻭﺟﻬﺮ[‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ)‪(٦‬؛‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬

‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﻊ ﹺﺇﻣﺎ ﹴﻡ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٨‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﺮ ﹶﻛﻬﺎ ﺗﺎﺭ ‪‬ﻙ‬
‫ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺮﹸﺃ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﹺﺑﹸﺄﻡ‪ ‬ﭐﻟ ﹸﻘﺮﺁ ‪‬ﻥ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻲ‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ $ :‬ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ!‪) ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪@ :(٨‬ﭐ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﺮﺃ ‪‬ﺎ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺝ‪ ،#‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ)‪@ :(٧‬ﹺﺇﻧ‪‬ﻲ ]ﺃﹶﺣﻴﺎﻧ‪‬ﺎ[ ﺃﹶﻛﻮ ﹸﻥ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺧﺪﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ!)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹶ‬
‫ﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺎ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻔﺴﲑﻩ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﲰﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ‪‬ﺷ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺗﻔﺴ ﹺﲑ ‪‬ﻩ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ‪‬ﻩ ﳑﻦ ]ﱂ[ ﻳﺴﻤﻌﻪ)‪.(١٠‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪" :‬ﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ ﻣﻦ "ﺍﻷُﻡ" )‪.(٣٣٠/٨‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٤٤/٢‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻭﻱ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺐ ﻣﻮﱃ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻫﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ ﰲ ﲣﺮﻳﺞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٤٤-٢٤٣/٢‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺑﲔ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﻭﻱ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬
‫ﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﳛﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻣﻜﻨﻪ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﻗﺮﺃ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻴﺴﺮ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ (٣٩٥‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺻﻼﺓ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺧﺪﺍﺝ ‪-‬ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ‪ -‬ﻏﲑ ﲤﺎﻡ‪ ،#‬ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻷﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ‪:‬‬
‫@ﺇﻧﺎ ﻧﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻡ!‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ!‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﺑﻔﺎﲢﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ (٨٢١) ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺐ ﻣﻮﱃ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺯﻫﺮﺓ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪) ،‬ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ( ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ ، :‬ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺇﱐ ﺃﻛﻮﻥ ﺃﺣﻴﺎ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻐﻤﺰ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ‪‬ﺎ ﻳﺎﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ«‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲰﻌﻪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪١٣١‬‬

‫ﺻﻼ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺮﺃ ]ﻓﻴﻬﺎ[ ﹺﺑﹸﺄ ‪‬ﻡ ﭐﹾﻟ ﹸﻘﺮﺁ ‪‬ﻥ‪.(١)#‬‬
‫ﻱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪$ : ‬ﻻ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٩‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ﹺﻭ ‪‬‬
‫‪] -٢٥٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ[ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ)‪ :(٢‬ﻭ َﻷ ﱠﻥ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻔﺺ ﺑﻦ ‪‬ﻏﻴ‪‬ﺎﺙ)‪– ،(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ -‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ‪‬ﺟﺮﻳﺞ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻠﻴﻜﺔ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﻡ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ‬

‫ﻗﺮﺃ ﺑﺄﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺑﺪﺃ ﺑـ‪ 
      :‬ﻳﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺁﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺮﺃ  ‪
H]
G
F‬‬
‫ﺕ)‪.(١) (٦‬‬
‫‪  [I‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪﻫﺎ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﺔ ﺁﻳﺎ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ ‪ ، ‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻀﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﻭﻣﺎ ﳚﻬﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﺎ ﳜﺎﻓﺖ‪ ،(٧٥٦) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﳛﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻣﻜﻨﻪ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﻗﺮﺃ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻴﺴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ ،(٣٩٤‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٤٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻮ ﺣﻔﺺ ﺑﻦ ‪‬ﻏ‪‬ﻴﺎﺙ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻠﻖ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻌﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﰲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺶ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٤‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ ،١٩٥ :‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫ﻼ ﰲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢٦٠‬ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻘﻴﻪ ﺗﻐﲑ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﻗﻠﻴ ﹰ‬
‫)‪.(٢٠٠/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻦ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ﹴﺞ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻱ ﻣﻮﻻﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﻧﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﳎﺎﻫﺪ ﻳﺴﲑ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺭﺑﺎﺡ ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﺎﻧﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻢ ﺳﻮﺍﻫﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﺻﻐﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﱂ ﳛﻔﻆ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،١٥٠ :‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻘﻴﻪ ﻓﺎﺿﻞ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺪﻟﺲ ﻭﻳﺮﺳﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪ ،(٦٢٤‬ﺗﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ )‪.(١٦٩/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻠﻴﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻲ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﳊﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺿﻴﺎ ﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﻣﺆﺫﻧﺎ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ‪ :‬ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﻭﺃﻡ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺧﻠﻖ ﺳﻮﺍﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﻯ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺨﺘ‪‬ﻴﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻄﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،١١٧ :‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻘﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ )‪ ،(٢٥٦/١٥‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٥٢٤‬ﺗﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ‬
‫)‪.(١٠١/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ (٣٦٢/٢‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﻔﺺ ﺑﻦ ‪‬ﻏﻴ‪‬ﺎﺙ ﻓﺮﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ ،(٥٢٠/٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺣﻔﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﰲ‬
‫ﱐ )‪،(٩٣٧ :٣٩٢/٢٣‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ )‪ ،(٦٩٢٠ :٣٥١-٣٥٠/١٢‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍ ﱡ‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ١٣٢‬‬

‫‪ -٢٥١‬ﻭﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻋﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﻼﻝ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻋﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻒ ﹶﺃﰊ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﺑـ‪
        :‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺑﻦ )ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ (٣‬ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤﺮ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ ،(٣٥٦/١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﲔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪(٣٦٣-٣٦٢/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﲟﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺞ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻔﻈﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﺃﰊ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ "ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻳﻘﺮﺃ‪ :‬ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﺣﺮﻓﹰﺎ ﺣﺮﻓﹰﺎ" ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ" ﺑﺪﻝ‪" :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ "ﻳﻘﻄﻌﻬﺎ ﺣﺮﻓﹰﺎ ﺣﺮﻓﹰﺎ" ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ "ﻭﻳﻘﻄﻌﻬﺎ ﺣﺮﻓﹰﺎ ﺣﺮﻓﹰﺎ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺁﻳﺔ ﺁﻳﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ‪ ،(٤٠٠١) ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺞ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻠﻴﻜﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻡ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﺕ ‪-‬ﺃﻭ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ -‬ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ $ ‬ﺑﺴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ #‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ﱢﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﻗﺮﺍ َﺀ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺁﻳ ﹰﺔ ﺁﻳ ﹰﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﻠﻔﻆ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﳑﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺞ؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﳝﺔ )‪:٢٤٩-٢٤٨/١‬‬
‫‪ (٤٩٣‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ (٣٥٦/١‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ (٤٤/٢‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺮﻯ )‪ (٢٤٨/١‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪" :‬ﻗﺮﺃ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌﺪ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﺁﻳﺔً‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ﺁﻳﺘﲔ‪] ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺁﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺁﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪ :‬ﺇﻳﺎﻙ ﻧﻌﺒﺪ[ ﻭﺇﻳﺎﻙ ﻧﺴﺘﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲨﻊ ﲬﺲ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻌﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺟﻌﻠﺘﻪ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻌﻘﻮﻓﺘﲔ‪ ..‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﳝﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ‪-‬ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ‪ -‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ )‪ ،(٣٠٧/١‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،(٣٦٣-٣٦٢/٢) ،‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺇﻳﺎﻙ ﻧﻌﺒﺪ ﻭﺇﻳﺎﻙ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺘﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻫﺪﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻁ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺻﺮﺍﻁ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﻧﻌﻤﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻐﻀﻮﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘﻄﱠ ‪‬ﻌﻬﺎ ﺁﻳ ﹰﺔ‬
‫ﺁﻳ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﺪ‪‬ﻫﺎ ‪‬ﻋﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﺪ‪ ‬ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﺁﻳﺔً‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ )ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ(" ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪" :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﲨﻠﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺞ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﻄﺮﻕ ﻭﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺭﻭﺍﺀ )‪ (٣٤٣ :٥٩/٢‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻡ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪" ‬ﻗﺮﺃ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﻭﻋﺪﻫﺎ ﺃﻳﺔ" )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻫﻲ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻄﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺄﺛﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﲑ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻔﻬ‪‬ﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﻋﺎﳌﻬﺎ ﻭﺭﺋﻴﺴﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺙ ﻋﻦ‪ :‬ﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺭﺑﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺠﻼﻥ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺷﻴﺨﻪ‪ -‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻭﻫﺐ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﻼﺋﻖ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪@ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺃﻓﻘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ!‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻓﻘﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﰲ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،٧٥‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪،(٨١٧‬‬
‫ﺗﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ )‪.(٢٢٤/١‬‬
 ‫‪١٣٣‬‬

‫ﷲ‬
‫ﺾ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻓ ﹺﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﹶﺃﻧﺎ ﹶﺃﺷﺒ ‪‬ﻬ ﹸﻜﻢ ﺻﻼ ﹰﺓ ﺑﺮﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻔ ﹺ‬
‫‪.(٥)# ‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺴ ﹾﻜﺴ‪‬ﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﱃ ﺑﲏ ‪‬ﺟﻤ‪‬ﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻄﺎﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﳉﻤ‪‬ﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍ ﹸ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ :‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻘﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،٣٩‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ ،(٢٩٣‬ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﺕ )‪.(٢٦٥/٦‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﺧﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‬‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺜﻲ ﻣﻮﻻﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺑﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﻣﺮﺳ ﹰ‬
‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﻘﱪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪ :‬ﺻﺪﻭﻕ ﱂ ﺃﺭ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ ﰲ ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻔﻪ ﺳﻠﻔﹰﺎ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺟﻲ ﺣﻜﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻂ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ ،١٣٠‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳋﻤﺴﲔ ﺑﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٣٩٠‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪ ،(٤٨/٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫)‪" :(٢٨٥/٢‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻱ ﻗﺪ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺨﻠﻴﻂ ﳛﻴﻲ ﻭﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﱃ ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﲰﻲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﺮ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳚﻤﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻜﲑ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﺞ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪ :‬ﺛﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ )‪ ،(٤٨٨/٢٩‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(١٠٠٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ      
 ‪ ،(٩٠٥) ،‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﳝﺔ )‪ (٤٩٩ :٢٥١/١‬ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ‬
‫)‪ (٦٨٨ :٣٤٢/١‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺣﻴﻮﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ )‪:١٠٤/٥‬‬
‫‪ (١٨٠١‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ )‪ (١٧٩٧ :١٠٠/٥‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺣﻴﻮﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ (٣٥٧/١‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﲔ ﻭﱂ ﳜﺮﺟﺎﻩ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ ،(٤٦/٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻭﻫﻮ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺷﻮﺍﻫﺪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ )‪ ،(٥٨/٢‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ ،(٣٦٩/٢‬ﻭ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﺣﺘﺠﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ )‪" :(٢٦٧/٢‬ﻫﻮ ﺃﺻﺢ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺭﺩ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ‪" :‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻻ ﻋﻠﺔ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻟﺘﺄﻭﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻨﻪ‪-‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻏﲑ ﺻﺮﻳﺢ ]ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻮﻉ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ[ ﰲ ﺛﺒﻮﺕ ﺍﳉﻬﺮ؛ ﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﲰﺎﻉ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ‪-‬‬
‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ -‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﳐﺎﻓﺘﺘﻪ؛ ﻟﻘﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﻬﺬﻩ ﺗﺘﻔﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﹸﻛﱡﻠﻬﺎ"‪] .‬ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﺔ ‪/١٣٨‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ ،(١٢٩٤‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻠﻲ ﰲ )‪ ،(٧٧٠/٢‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﳏﻘﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺖ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪" :‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻏﲑ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‬
‫‪ .‬ﰒ ﻭﺟﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﻁ‪ .‬ﻃﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﻮﺽ ﺍﷲ )‪ (٢٥١/٣‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺮﺭ )ﺹ‪" :(١١٠‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﳝﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻭﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ١٣٤‬‬

‫‪ | -٢٥٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ)‪ (١‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﻬﺮ ﺑـ‪ 
      :‬؛‬
‫ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‪/١٣)/‬ﺏ( ‪ ‬ﻭﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﺻﺤ‪‬ﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﱠﻞ ‪‬ﺫ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪" :‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ" ﻭﺿﻌﻔﻪ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﻥ )‪(٣٠٤/٣‬‬
‫ﻭ)‪.(٣٠٦/٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﲤﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻨﺔ )ﺹ‪ ..." :(١٦٨‬ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﶈﺪﺛﲔ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻋﻞ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺬﻭﺫ‪ ،‬ﻭﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻭﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻭﻫﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ...‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻃﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﻠﻌﻲ ﰲ @ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻳﺔ!‬
‫ﻓﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ )ﺹ‪" :(١٦٩‬ﻭﺍﳊﻖ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺮﻳﺢ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺻﺢ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﺭ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻧﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﻗﻔﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺫﻛﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﲣﺮﻳﺞ ﻛﺘﺎﰊ ‪$‬ﺻﻔﺔ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫‪ #‬ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻇﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ‪ ‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﳚﻬﺮ‬
‫‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﲨﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﺭﻳﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻠﲑﺍﺟﻊ ‪$‬ﻓﺘﺎﻭﻯ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،(٨١/١) #‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﻨﻊ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ ﻣﻨﺼﻒ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﻠﻌﻲ )‪" :(٣٣٥/١‬ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﻩ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺪﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻝ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﳑﺎ ﺗﻔﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﻫﻢ ﲦﺎﳕﺎﺋﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻭﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺛﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳚﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻋﺮﺽ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ )‪" (٣٣٧/١‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻓﻘﺮﺃ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ"‪ ..‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﲰﻊ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ‬
‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﱪ ﻧﻌﻴﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻗﺮﺃﻫﺎ ﺳﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﲰﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ ﰲ ﳐﺎﻓﺘﺔ ﻟﻘﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻭﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﰲ ﻗﻴﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﻗﻌﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺭﻛﻮﻋﻪ ﻭﺳﺠﻮﺩﻩ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ )‪" (٣٣٨/١‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﻷﺷﺒﻬﻜﻢ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺑﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﹶﺃﺻ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﻫﻴﺌﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺸﺒﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﰲ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ‪ (٧٤٣) ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻔﺘﺘﺤﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺑـ‪ ، I

H
G
F  :‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺣﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ ﳚﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ‪ (٣٩٩) ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺻﻠﻴﺖ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪١٣٥‬‬

‫ﻀﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳜﺘﺎﺭﻩ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻐ ﱠﻔﻞ)‪ ،(٢) (١‬ﻭﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ)‪ (٤) (٣‬ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻳ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﺃﲰﻊ ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ      
 ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٤٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻐ ﱠﻔﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ ،‬ﺻﺤﺎﰊ ﺟﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ‬
‫ﳌﻤﻦ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻏﺼﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﺓ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻄﺮﻑ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻐﻔﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺜﻬﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻔ ﱢﻘﻬﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،  ،‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒ ﱠﻜﺎﺋﲔ‪ .‬ﺳﲑ ﺃﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ )‪.(٤٨٤-٤٨٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﳉﻬﺮ ﺑـ‪ (٩٠٨) ، 
      :‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬

‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻐﻔﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻐﻔﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﲰﻊ ﺃﺣﺪﻧﺎ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ      
 ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ $ :‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺃﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻗﺮﺃ ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪ ‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﲰﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﹶﺃﰊ ﺑﻜ ﹴﺮ ﻭﺧﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﺧﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺧﻠ ‪‬‬

‫      
 ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﳉﻬﺮ ﺑـ    ‬

‫ 
 ‪ (٢٤٤) ،‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻐﻔﻞ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﺴﻦ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﻙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ‪ ،(٨١٥) ،‬ﻭﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (٢٠٥٥٨ :١٧٥/٢٤‬ﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ‪$‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪#‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻔﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻨﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳏﻘﻘﻮ ﺍﳌﺴﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺣﺴﻦ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻲ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬ﱪﹶﺃﺓﹸ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﺒﻌﺚ‬
‫ﺑﺄﺭﺑﻊ ﺳﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮﺕ ﺧﺪﳚﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺳﺒﻊ ﺳﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺐ ﻧﺴﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﱂ ﻳﻨﻜﺢ ﺑﻜ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﹰﺓ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﻫﺎ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺗﺴﻊ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﰲ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺑﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻓﻦ ﰲ ﺣﺠﺮ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺖ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺩﻓﻨﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻴﻊ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ )‪ ،(١٨٨١/٤‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(٢٣١/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﳚﻤﻊ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﺘﺘﺢ ﺑﻪ ﻭﳜﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ‪ ،(٤٩٨) ،...‬ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻳﺴﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺑـ‪.I

H
G
F  :‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺘﲔ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﺼﺤﻒ ﻣﻦ "ﳔﺘﺎﺭﻩ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ١٣٦‬‬

‫‪ | -٢٥٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ)‪ :(١‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬

‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﺳﺮ ﻭﺟﻬﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٢) -٢٥٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬

‫‪ -٢٥٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪‬ﺟ ﱠﻞ ﹶﺛ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻩ)‪ [´

³]
²
±
°

®  :(٣‬‬

‫]ﺍﳊﺠﺮ‪ ،[٨٧ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ)‪(٤‬؛ ﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻭﳍﹸﺎ)‪.
      :(٥‬‬

‫ﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ)‪] (٦‬ﺃﻧﻪ[ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻳ ‪‬‬

‫ﺨـﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ  
‬ ‫‪ -٢٥٦‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ﹺﻭ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻮ‪‬ﻓ‪‬ﻴﻮﻥ)‪.(٨‬‬

‫‪ -٢٥٧‬ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ         
‪ ،‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ]ﷲ[‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ)‪.(٩‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺛﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎ ﹰﺓ ﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻫﺎ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻧﺼ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﰲ‬
‫)ﺏ(‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻧﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﺳ ‪‬ﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺟﻬﺮ ﺑﺄﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻄﱪﻱ )‪ ،(١٣٢/١٧‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٢٤٤/٢‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ (٩٠/٢‬ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﲑ ‪. ‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺑﻦ ﻏﺎﻓ‪‬ﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﳍﺬﱄ‪ ،‬ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ، ،‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﲟﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ ﻟﻴﺨﺪﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﺎﺟﺮ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺗﲔ؛ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺒﺸﺔ ﻭﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺪ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﹸﻛﱠﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﺷﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ )‪ ،(٢٨٠/٣‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ )‪.(٩٨٧/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ (٤١١/١‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳜﻔﻲ        
‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﺫﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪$‬ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ﻟﻚ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ‪."#‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ ﶈﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ )‪ ،(٣/١‬ﺑﺪﺍﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﺋﻊ )‪.(٢٠٤/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٤٧/٢‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ (٢٦٠٨ :٩٠/٢‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ (٤١٢/١‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪١٣٧‬‬

‫‪] -٢٥٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ[ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺫﺭ)‪ (١‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ ﲰﺎﻩ)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻦ‬
‫)‪(٦) (٥‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺰﻯ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫]ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ[)ﺯ( ]ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ[ ﺑﻦ‪/‬‬
‫]‪ [‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﳚﻬﺮ ﺑـ‪.(٨) 
      :‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ ،(٤٣/٢‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ (٣٧٥/٢‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ "ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺪﻉ      
‬

‫‪ ،‬ﻳﻔﺘﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺑـ‪."
      :‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﹶﺫ ‪‬ﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺯﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳍ ‪‬ﻤﺪﺍﱐ‪ ،‬ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫﱯ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺫﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﰲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﰊ ﻭﺍﺋﻞ‬
‫ﻭﲨﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺗﻐﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﺻﺮﻭﺍ ﺻﻐﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪ :‬ﺛﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻹﺭﺟﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٧١٨‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪.(٢٢٣/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﹶﺫ ‪‬ﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫﱯ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ‪ :‬ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺷﺪﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺑﺰﻯ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺶ‪ ،‬ﻭﲨﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﺻﺮﻭﺍ ﺻﻐﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪ :‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﻋﺎﺑﺪ ﺭﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻹﺭﺟﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٣١٣‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ‬
‫)‪.(٥٧٩/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺮﻳﺞ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﹶﺫ ‪‬ﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺑﺰﻯ ﺑﻼ ﻭﺳﺎﻃﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺒﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٧‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺑﺰﻯ"‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺑﺰﻯ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺑﺰﻯ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻫﻮ‪" :‬ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺑﺰﻯ"‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ ﺯﺩﺕ "ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑﺰ‪‬ﻯ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻋﻲ ﻣﻮﻻﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﻮﰲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺍﺛﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺘﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺩﻋﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺛﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٣٨٢‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪.(٢٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑﺰ‪‬ﻯ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻋﻲ ﻣﻮﻻﻫﻢ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﻮﰲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺻﻐﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ‪-‬ﻭ ﹸﻛﱡﻠﻬ‪‬ﻢ ﻛﺒﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻋﻬﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺟﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﳌﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺴ‪‬ﻔﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﺭﺉ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺎﱂ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﺯﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ )‪ ،(٨٢٢/٢‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(٢٣٨/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ (٤١٢/١‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳐﻠﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺫﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺃﺑﺰﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺟﻬﺮ ﺑـ‪ ، 
  :‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ (٤٨/٢‬ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ (٣٧٢/٢‬ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ )ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻮﻉ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺮﻭ( ﺑﻦ ﺫﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺑﺰﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ١٣٨‬‬

‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻄﺎﺀ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺫﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻱ ﹶﺃﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٩‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ﹺﻭ ‪‬‬
‫‪ ، ‬ﹸﻛﱡﻠ ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﳚﻬﺮﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺑـ‪          :‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫ﻒ ﺭﺟﺎ ﹴﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎ ﹺ‬
‫‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬

‫
 )‪.(٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺻﻠﻴﺖ ﺧﻠﻒ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻓﺠﻬﺮ ﺑـ‪ ، 
      :‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻛﺄﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﰊ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ"‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺫﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ )‪ (٣٧١/٢‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪" :‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،" ‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﺤﺎﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ )‪ (٢٠٠/١‬ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺫﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺑﺰﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺻﻠﻴﺖ ﺧﻠﻒ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ‬ﻓﺠﻬﺮ ﺑـ‪،
       :‬‬

‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﰊ ﳚﻬﺮ ﺑـ‪." 
      :‬‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻳﺔ )‪" (٣٥٦/١‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﳐﺎﻟﻒ ﻟﻠﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﳚﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﳉﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻄﺤﺎﻭﻱ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪..‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﻻ ﳚﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺑـ‪ ،
      :‬ﻓﹺﺈﻥ ﹶﺛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﹰﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﺣﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻥ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻳﺔ )‪" :(١٣٥/١‬ﻭﻳﻌﺎﺭﺿﻪ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻧﺲ"‪.‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺛﻴﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰉ ﺭﺑﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻴﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺷﻌﺒﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﺎﻧﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﲬﺲ ﻭﲬﺴﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺻﻐﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪ :‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٠٨٩‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪.(٤٤٥/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺭﺑﺎﺡ‪ -‬ﻭﺍﲰﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﻠﻢ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ﻣﻮﻻﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻘﻴﻪ ﻓﺎﺿﻞ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻛﺜﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﺗﻐﲑ ﺑﺄﺧﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﺜﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺕ‪ :‬ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ١١٤‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(٦٧٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ )ﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳉﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻪ(‪ ،‬ﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﻠﻌﻲ ﰲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻳﺔ )‪ (٣٥٧/١‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪..." :‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺣﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺭﺑﺎﺡ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺻﻠﻴﺖ ﺧﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﳚﻬﺮﻭﻥ ﺑـ‪،
      :‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺭﺑﺎﺡ ﱂ ﻳﻠﺤﻖ ﻋﻠﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻔﻪ ﻗﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﺿﻌﻔﻪ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ" ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪" (٣٧١/٢‬ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪١٣٩‬‬

‫ﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﹼﺎﻑ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻋﻦ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ )‪ (٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٠‬ﻭ]ﻗﺪ[ ‪‬ﺭ ﹺﻭ ‪‬‬

‫    
 ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺮﺃ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ)‪.(٦‬‬

‫ﺼ ﱟﻞ)‪ (١‬ﺧﻠﻒ ﺇﻣﺎ ﹴﻡ)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺧﻠﻔﻪ ‪-‬ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺳ ‪‬ﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‬
‫‪ -٢٦١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﻬﺮ ﰲ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺴﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪ -‬ﺑﹸﺄ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ‪‬ﻥ ﻭﺳﻮﺭ ‪‬ﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻭﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ‪‬ﻥ ﰲ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ)‪.(٥) (٤‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،"‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﻠﻌﻲ )‪" (٣٥٧/١‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺬﺏ ﰲ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﳉﻬﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻌﺔ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺍﳉﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﺃﻛﺬﺏ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺋﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺿﻌﻮﺍ‬
‫ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﳉﻬﺮ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﻬﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﺻﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻓﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﳉﻬﺮ ﳒﺪ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻴﻊ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻋ ﹼﻄﺎﻑ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﺨﺰﻭﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺪﱐ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺻﻔﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻧﺎﻓﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﺘﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫‪-‬ﺃﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ‪ ،-‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪ :‬ﺻﺪﻭﻕ ﻳﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٦٨٠‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪.(١١٢/٣‬‬
‫ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ ﻣﻮﱃ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻋﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪ :‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻓﻘﻴﻪ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺳﲑ ﺃﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ )‪ ،(٩٥/٥‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(٩٩٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺍﺑﻦ"‪ .‬ﻓﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪" :‬ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺒﺴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺀ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ (٢٦٠٨ :٩٠/٢‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺞ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺪﻉ    ‬

‫   
‪ ،‬ﻳﻔﺘﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺑـ‪ ،
      :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪،(٢٤٧/٢‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪(٣٧٥/٢‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍ‪‬ﻴﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺞ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺪﻉ      
 ﻷﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺫﻛﺮ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﺭﻭﻭﺍ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺟﻬﺮﻩ ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﲨﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ"‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﲑ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪ (٤٣/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺤﺎﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‬
‫)‪.(٢٠٠/١‬‬
‫‪ ١٤٠‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺼﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻭﻟﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﳌﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺧﺮﺗﲔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﳌﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‪:‬‬
‫| ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ :‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻡ ﻟﻠﻔﺎﲢﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﲡﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻬﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﳏﻴﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ‪. ‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﲡﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﻻ ﲡﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻬﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ –ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ -‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺘﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٢٣٣/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ ،(١٣٩/٢‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ،(٣٢٠/٣‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪،(١٩٤/٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٤٩٢/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٣٢١/٣‬ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ )‪ ،(٢٤١/١‬ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺏ )‪ ،(١٩٥/١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ‪" :‬ﻭﺃﺻﺤﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﲡﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ ...‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﻤﻌﻪ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ‬ﻓﻨﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﲰﺎﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ ﳛﺘﻤﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺇﻻ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﺻﺮﳛﺎ ﺑﺎﳊﻜﻢ‪.‬‬
‫| ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﺣﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺀ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭ ‪‬ﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺄﻣﻮﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻡ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻬﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻬﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ،(٣٥٠/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٣٥٠/٣‬ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺏ )‪.(٢٠٠/١‬‬
‫| ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﻟﻐﲑ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻭﹶﻟﻴ‪‬ﲔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٢٣٣/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٦‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪.(٣٥٠/٣‬‬
‫| ﺭﺍﺑﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺘﲔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻳﲔ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺼﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(٣٥١/٣‬ﻭﺻﺤﺤﺖ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ ﻭﺑﻪ ﺃﻓﱴ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻔﱴ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻮ ﻗﺪﳝ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻧﺼﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٥٠/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٦‬ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺏ )‪.(٢٠٠/١‬‬
 ‫‪١٤١‬‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ)‪(٢‬؛‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻭﻳﺮﻛﻊ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﻼ‬
‫‪ -٢٦٢‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺭﺍﻛﻊ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪$ : ‬ﹺﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﭐﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺆ‪‬ﺗﻢ‪ ‬ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻪ؛ ﹶﻓﹺﺈﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻊ‪..‬‬ ‫‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻘﻮﻝ )ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻓﹶﭑ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻌﻮﺍ‪.(٤)#‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٣‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﻗﺮﺃ ﺑﹸﺄ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻩ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫‪ -٢٦٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﺗﺮﻙ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ        
‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺣﺮﹰﻓﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ)‪(٧‬؛‬

‫ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ ﰒ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺳﻄﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺮﺃﻩ)‪..(١١‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺎﻫ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪،(٨)-‬‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻗﺮﺍﺀ ﹶﺓ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ‪‬ﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ)‪ (٩‬ﻗﺮﺃ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ‬
‫‪ -٢٦٥‬ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻧ ﱠﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﻓﻌﻞ )ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.(٢) (١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٢٥٦/٢‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ ﻣﻦ "ﺍﻷُﻡ" )‪ ،(٣٢٤/٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ ،(٣٩٠/٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪،(٢٠٢/١‬‬
‫ﺲ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٣١٧/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ .(٢٤٣/١‬ﻭﱂ ﺃﺟﺪﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﺻﺮﳛ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﺍﻛ ‪‬ﻊ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺘﻜﻦ ﺻﻼ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺧﺎﻟﺼ ﹰﺔ ﷲ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٢٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ‪ ، ‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﻣﻦ ﲤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،(٧٢٢) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪.(٤١٧) ،‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٤٤/٢‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ )‪.(٢٤٢/١‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ –ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :-‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺗﺴﻘﻂ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﻛﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻘﻂ ﻓﺮﺿﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺻﺤﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺗﺴﻘﻂ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٢٤٤/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٤٤/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺮﺃ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ١٤٢‬‬

‫‪ -٢٦٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﻠﻬﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ)‪ (٤‬ﹸﻛﱢﻠﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻋﺎﺩ‪‬ﺗﻬﺎ‪ /‬ﹸﻛﱢﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﳊ ﱠﺬﺍﺀ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ‪‬ﻗﻼ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﺔ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻋﻦ‬
‫‪ -٢٦٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ‪‬ﺯﺭ‪‬ﻳﻊ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻋﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫]ﳏﻤﺪ[ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻋﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻬﺪ ﺫﺍﻙ؛ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﻢ‪$ :‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺅﻭ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ‪.(٩)#‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ $ :‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺮﹾﺃ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ﹺﺑﹸﺄﻡ‪ ‬ﭐﹾﻟ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﺮﺁ ‪‬ﻥ ﰲ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫] ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻔﻲ[ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃﻧﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﺮﹸﺃ؟« ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺟﺎ‪‬ﺑﻮ ‪‬ﻩ ﹺﺑ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٤٤/٢‬ﻭ‪ ،(٢٤٨-٢٤٧‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ )‪ ،(١٠٩/٢‬ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ )‪.(٢٤٣/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻌﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﺭﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﲪﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻬﺪﻱ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﺛﺒﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺍﺛﻨﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﲦﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪ ،(٤١٢/٤‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(١٠٧٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﻮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﳊﹶﺬﱠﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳌﹶﻨ‪‬ﺎﺯﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﱃ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﱃ ﺑﲏ ﻣ‪‬ﺠﺎﺷ‪‬ﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﹶﺬﱠﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﭐﺣﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ‪ ،‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﻳﺮﺳﻞ‪ ،‬ﺭﺃﻯ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻘﻴﻖ ﻭﺃﰊ ﺭﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻄﹶﺎﺭﺩﻱ ﻭﺃﰊ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﲨﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﳊﻤ‪‬ﺎﺩﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﻱ ﻭﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﻭﺧﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪ ،(٥٣٤-٥٣٣/١‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ ﺹ)‪.(٢٩٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﳉﺮﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻗﻼﺑﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﲰﺮﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺟﻨﺪﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﰊ ﺯﻳﺪ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ ﻭﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﳊﺬﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺭﺟﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺳﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﱃ ﺃﰊ ﻗﻼﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ )‪١٠٤‬ﻫـ(‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫‪‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪.(٢٣٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻫﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﱃ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ‪ :‬ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﺟﺎﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻄﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻗﻼﺑﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪ ،(٥٩٩/٣‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(٨٥٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﱂ ﺃﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻭﺟﺪﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻔﻈﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻠﻔﻈﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﺭﻳﻊ ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺟﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺴﺪﺩ )‪-١٠٦٩ :٧٧/٢‬ﺍﲢﺎﻑ ﺍﳋﲑﺓ ﺍﳌﻬﺮﺓ( ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺛﻨﺎ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﺭﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪ :‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﻰ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﺃﺗﻘﺮﺅﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ؟‪ #‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺴﻜﺘﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫‪$‬ﺗﻘﺮﺅﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ؟‪ #‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪@ :‬ﺇﻧﺎ ﻟﻨﻔﻌﻞ!‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﻔﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﺑﺄﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪،#‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪١٤٣‬‬

‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﻋﻦ ]ﻭﻫﻴﺐ)‪ ،(١‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻗﻼﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ [‬
‫‪] -٢٦٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ[‪ :‬ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﺃﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ)‪  (٤‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺟﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ )ﺹ‪ (٧٣ :٦٠‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻥ ﻋﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﺭﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫)‪ (٨٣/٣‬ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﺭﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺎﺑﻌﻪ‪ :‬ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ ،(٢٧٦٦ :١٢٨-١٢٧/٢‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪(١٨٠٧٠ :٦١١/٢٩‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺁﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ )‪ (٢٠٦٠٠ :٢٠٥/٣٤‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ )‪ ،(٢٣٤٨١ :٤٦٥/٣٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ (١٦٦/٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺟﻴﺪ ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻗﻼﺑﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﲟﺤﻔﻮﻅ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ ،(٨٤-٨٣/٣‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﺘﺮﻙ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﲰﺎﺋﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﻻ ﻳﻀﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺎﺭﺿﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺃﺻﺢ ﻣﻨﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺎﺑﻌﻪ‪ :‬ﺷﻌﺒﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪.(٢٠٧٦٥ :٣٦٤/٣٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺎﺑﻌﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻔﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﱐ )‪ -١٠٦٩ :٧٧/٢‬ﺇﲢﺎﻑ ﺍﳋﲑﺓ ﺍﳌﻬﺮﺓ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻭﻫ‪‬ﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺠﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻫﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﻟﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﻻﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﺑﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺙ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻳﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻃﺎﻭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﺒﻘﺘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻬﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﺼﺮ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﺛﺒﺖ؛ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺗﻐﲑ ﻗﻠﻴﻼ‬
‫ﺑﺄﺧﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻧﻈﲑ ﲪﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺬﻳﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪ ،(٣٣٣/٤‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(١٠٤٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻮﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﲤﻴﻤﺔ ﻛﻴﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺨﺘﻴﺎﱐ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﱃ ﻋﱰﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﱃ ﺟﻬﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺃﻯ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﳉﺮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﲪﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻫﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﰊ ﻗﻼﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺶ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺘﺎﺩﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊ ‪‬ﻤﺎﺩﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﺎﻧﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﻖ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ ،‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺣﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺒﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻪ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪ ،(٢٠٠/١‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(١٥٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ (٨٣/٣‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﲟﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪ ،.‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪...‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻭﻫﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻗﻼﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ (٢٧٦٥ :١٢٧/٢‬ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻗﻼﺑﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻷﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‪$ :‬ﺃﺗﻘﺮﺅﻭﻥ ﺧﻠﻔﻲ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻗﺮﺃ؟‪ #‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺴﻜﺘﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺳﺄﳍﻢ ﺛﻼﺛﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻳﺎﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ! ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﻔﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﻘﺮﺃ ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﺑﻔﺎﲢﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺳﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،#‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪(١٦٦/٢‬‬
‫ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﲪﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ )‪ (١٨٥٢ :١٦٢/٥‬ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻗﻼﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ١٤٤‬‬

‫ﻒ ﹺﺇﻣﺎ ﹴﻡ)‪ (٢‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﳚﻬﺮ)‪ (٣‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃﻥ‬

‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ‪ (١‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ )ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻟ ﹸﻜ ﱢﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﺮﹶﺃ ﺑﹸﺄ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺳﻜﺘ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺮﹶﺃ)‪(٤‬؛ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪.(٥)‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٠‬ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ)‪ (٦‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻋﻲ)‪.(٨) (٧‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ‪-‬ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ‪" :-‬ﲰﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﱪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻗﻼﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﲰﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺎﻥ –ﲨﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ -‬ﳏﻔﻮﻇﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ (١٦٦/٢‬ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻗﻼﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺴﺎﻥ )‪.(٣٣٢/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺟﻬﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٣٦٢/٣‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٤٩٢/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٤٣/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻋﻦ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤﺮ‪‬ﺓ ‪ ، ‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺘﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ‪(٧٧٩) ،‬‬
‫ﻭ)‪ ،(٧٨٠‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺘﺘﲔ‪ ،(٢٥١) ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺳﻜﺘﱵ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،(٨٤٤) ،‬ﻭﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (٢٠٢٤٥ :٣٨٧/٣٣‬ﻭﰲ )‪.(٢٠٢٦٥ :٣٩٥ /٣٣‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ )‪ (٣٣٦/١‬ﺑﺎﻻﻧﻘﻄﺎﻉ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ ﲰﺮﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻦ ﻋﻦ ﲰﺮﺓ‪ " :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ‪$‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ #‬ﻣﻦ ﳛﻤﻞ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻋﻦ ﲰﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﻳﺼﺤﺢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﺖ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪ :-‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﲏ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳊﺒﲑ )‪ ،(١٦٤/٢‬ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )‪ ،(٣٧٣/١‬ﻭﺿﻌﻔﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ )‪:٢٥/٢‬‬
‫‪.(٥٤٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺸﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﺪﺙ ﻋﻦ‪ :‬ﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺭﺑﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﳐﻴﻤﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﺪﺍﺩ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﻖ‪ .،‬ﺣﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺷﻌﺒﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻼﺋﻖ‪ ،‬ﺳﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﺑﲑﻭﺕ ﻣﺮﺍﺑﻄﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺳﺎﺋﻠﻪ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ )‪،(١٧٨/١‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(٥٩٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ٣١٣-٣١٢/٣‬ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ( ﻭﺍﳌﻐﲏ )‪.(٢٦٠/٢‬‬
 ‫‪١٤٥‬‬

‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ؛ ﺻﻼ ﹶﺓ ﺟﻬ ﹴﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻼ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺮ)‪ ..(١‬ﻓﻠﻴﻘﺮﺃ )ﰲ ﺍ ُﻷﻭﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻡ‬

‫‪ -٢٧٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ‪‬ﻥ‪ (٢‬ﻭﺳﻮﺭ ﹰﺓ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﰲ)‪ (٤‬ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ)‪ (٥‬ﺑﹸﺄ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ‪‬ﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺄﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‬

‫ﻀ ﹺﻞ ﻭﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻦ ﱄ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬

‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫
‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻩ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﺎﺩ ﹸﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א [א‪kNVYkQ‬א ‪r7Z‬و‪  elm‬‬

‫ﺼ ﹺﻞ)‪ ،(٨) (٧‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ‬
‫‪) -٢٧٣‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ (٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﹸﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺒ ﹺﺢ ﺑﻄﻮﺍ ﹺﻝ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺤﻮ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﺑﻘﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻔﺼﻞ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ‪
A  :‬‬

‫‪ ، B‬ﻭﳓﻮ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻣﻌﺎﺫ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺳﺮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺧﺮﺗﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹸﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗﺼﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭ؛‬
‫ﺼ ﹸﻞ‪ ...‬ﻭﺍ ﹸﳌ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫)‪" (٧‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ﱡﻄ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﳌﺌﻮ ﹶﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ ﹸﳌ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻟﻜﺜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﺒﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺴﻮﺥ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻩ‪ :‬‬
‫ﺼﹰ‬‫‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ  ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺃﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ‪ ...‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻭﻟﻪ ﻕ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﱪﻫﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﹸﻗ ﹾﻞ ﹶﺃﻋ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﺫ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ )‪.(٢٤٦-٢٤٤/١‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺠﺮﺍﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﳋﺘﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺩﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٩٨‬‬
‫ﺻ‪‬‬‫ﻟﻜﻦ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭ"ﻃﻮﺍﻟﻪ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻔﺼﻞ‪ :-‬ﺇﱃ  ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﺳﺎﻃﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ :‬ﻗﺼﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﻣﺎ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ" ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺗﻘﺎﻥ )‪.(٢٢٢/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٢٤٨/١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٩٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺑﻄﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﻔﺼﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٢٤٨/١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٩٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(١٨‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﳓﻮ‪‬ﺍ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻘﺮﺅﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺣﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ١٤٦‬‬

‫ﺱ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٤‬ﻭﳚﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﳚﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺑﺘﻠﻘ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٢٧٥‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﹶﻛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ]ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ[ ﻟﻺﺣﺮﺍ ﹺﻡ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻜ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﻜﺖ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺣﺮﻡ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ؛ ﱂ ﻳﻔﺮﻍ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻗﺒﹶﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﹶﻛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﺴﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﺇﺣﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻣﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٧‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ)‪ (٨‬ﻓﻬﻮﻯ)‪ (٩‬ﺑﺎﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﺮﻍ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﻨ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﺮﻛﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺭﻛﻮﻋﻪ)‪،(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٨‬ﺃﻭ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ )ﻳﻨﻮﻳﻪ ﻟﻺﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪ (١١‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ؛ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪/١٤)/‬ﺏ( ﳚﺪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺭﺍﻛ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻜ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀﻙ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﻔﺼﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ ،(٢٤٨/١‬ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٩٨‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺑﺄﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﺍﳌﻔﺼﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(١٨‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ‪ :‬ﺑـﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻬﺎ"‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻔﺼﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٢٤٨/١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٩٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(١٨‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻭ)ﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀﻙ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﻮﻥ("‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺑﺄﻭﺳﺎﻃﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٢٤٨/١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٩٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺷﻜﻰ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻮﻝ‪ ،(٧٠٥) ،‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﻓﻠﻮﻻ ﺻﻠﱠﻴﺖ ﺑـ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺢ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺭﺑﻚ ﺍﻻﻋﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﺿﺤﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻳﻐﺸﻰ؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻭﺭﺍﺀﻙ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﻭﺫﻭ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ‪.(٤٦٥) ،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺐ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ،(١٣٤/٤‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(١٣٤/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٢٩١/١‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ )‪.(٤٣٠/١‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ ،(١٧١/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٢٥‬ﻛﱰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٢٤٧/١‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪(٣٩٢/٢‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺮﻣﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻮﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٢٢٨/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٢٥٦/٣) ،(٢٤٦/٣‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﱂ ﺗﻨﻌﻘﺪ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﻓﺮﺿ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﻼ‪ ..‬ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ"‪.‬‬‫ﺍﻧﻌﻘﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻧﻔ ﹰ‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻻﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪١٤٧‬‬

‫ﺗﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ )ﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪ ،(٣) (٢‬ﻭﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﻠ ﹺﻎ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﺒﲑ ﹰﺓ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻼﻡ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﻳﺒﺘﺪﺉ ﺇﺣﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ )ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻌﺘﺪ ﹲﻝ‪ (٦‬ﻻ ﻳﻬﻮﻱ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﻮﻳﻪ‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﻘﻄﻊ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﺑﺈﺣﺮﺍ ﹴﻡ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﻨﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﺮ ‪‬ﺩﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﻭ ‪‬‬

‫‪Y6 P‬א ‪h'H4‬و‪0U‬ل‪OF$W‬א"‪ #L‰x2‬‬

‫‪ (٨)/ -٢٧٩‬ﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪~ ±  :‬‬
‫ ]ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ‪ [٧ :‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺁﻣﲔ‪ ..‬ﻗﺎﻝ)‪ (١٠‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻔﻪ‪$ :‬ﺁﻣﲔ‪ ،(١١)#‬ﻭﻗﺎﳍﺎ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﹺﺇﻥ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ )‪.(١٢‬‬

‫‪ -٢٨٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪» :‬ﲰﻊ ﺍﷲ ﳌﻦ ﲪﺪﻩ«‪ ..‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ﻭﻟﻚ)‪ (١‬ﺍﳊﻤﺪ«)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻔﻪ‪:‬‬
‫»ﲰﻊ ﺍﷲ ﳌﻦ ﲪﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ﻭﻟﻚ)‪ (١‬ﺍﳊﻤﺪ«)‪ ،(٢‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺳﻮﺍ ًﺀ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻟ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺇﻥ)‪ (٣‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﻣﻌﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪" :‬ﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑﻩ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑﻩ"‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٢٢٨/٢‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ ،(١٧١/٢‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ﲡﺰﺋﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺽ ﻭﻫﻞ ﲡﺰﺋﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻞ؟ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٧٤/١‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﻨﻌﻘﺪ ﻓﺮﺿ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻧﻔ ﹰ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻘﻄﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٢٢٨/٢‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﹶﻛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﻫﺎﻭﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻠﺮﻛﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻯ ﺗﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﻩ ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧ ﹴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺣﻴﻨﺌ ‪‬ﺬ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٧٤/١‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻨﻌﻘﺪ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﻧﻔ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺿ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻘﺘﻀﺎﻩ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻌﺘﺪ ﹰﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٧‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٢٤٩/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٥٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٥٧/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١٤‬‬
‫‪ ١٤٨‬‬

‫ﺐ ﹺﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ | -٢٨١‬ﻗﺎﻝ)‪ (٥‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ‪ :‬ﻳﻘﻮﳍﻤﺎ ﲨﻴ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺛﻨﺎ )ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ (٧‬ﺑﻦ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﱐ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫‪ | -٢٨٢‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺛﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻋﲔ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻋﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ)‪ ،(١‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ »ﲰﻊ ﺍﷲ ﳌﻦ ﲪﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ﻭﻟﻚ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ«‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻡ »ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ﻟﻚ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ« ‪.(١)#‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٥٧/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪(٢٥٧/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺘﲔ‪" :‬ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺟﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺟﻢ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﻔﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺻﺎﱀ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﺍﱐ؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻴﻮﺥ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮﻭ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺧ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻭﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﻔﺎﺭ‪" :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﺍﳊﺮﺍﱐ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻷﻥ ﺃﺧﻮﻳﻪ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﻟﺪﺍ‬
‫ﲝﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﻢ ﺛﺮﻭﺓ ﻭﻧﻌﻤﺔ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺳﲑ ﺃﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ )‪ ،(٤٣٩/١٠‬ﻓﺎﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﻔﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﺪﺙ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺮﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﺍﱐ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﻓﺮﻳﻘﻲ ﺍﳌﻮﻟﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻭﻣﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﲰﻊ‪ :‬ﲪﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﳍﻴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻻﺛﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﻖ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﳉﻼﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺸﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺛﻘﺔ ﺛﺒﺘﺎ ﻓﻘﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﻩ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﰲ ﲟﺼﺮ ﰲ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻣﺌﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺳﲑ ﺃﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ‬
‫)‪ ،(٤٣٨/١٠‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(٦١٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻋﲔ ﺍﳉﺰﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﱃ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﲨﺎﻋﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ ﳛﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﻋﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﲬﺲ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻭﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٩٧٨‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪.(١٧٠/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻫﻮ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻄ ﹺﺮّﻑ ﺑﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﰲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﻭﺃﰊ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪ‪‬ﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻮﺍﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺸﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﺎﺿﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﺻﺮﻭﺍ ﺻﻐﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٩٤٨‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪.(٩٠/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﺣﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻌﱯ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪١٤٩‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א(‪0‬س‪Y‬א ‪ kNZ‬‬

‫‪) -٢٨٣‬ﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ‪ (٢‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﳚﻠﺲ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﻲ ﰲ ﺟﻠﻮﺳﻪ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺪﺗﲔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﻗﺪﻣﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ)‪ (٣‬ﺑﺼﺪﻭﺭ ﻗﺪﻣﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ‪‬ﺭ ﹺﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﲨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﻓﻘﻴﻪ ﻓﺎﺿﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻜﺤﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺃﻓﻘﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﳓﻮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﲔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٤٧٥‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪.(٢٦٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ )‪ (١٣/٣‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻡ ﻳﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻐﲏ )‪ ١٨٦/٢‬ﻭ‪ (١٨٩‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﳜﺘﺺ ﺑـ‪@ :‬ﲰﻊ ﺍﷲ ﳌﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٣٩٣/٣‬ﻧﻘ ﹰ‬
‫ﲪﺪﻩ! ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﳜﺘﺺ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻡ ﺑـ‪@ :‬ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ﻭﻟﻚ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ! ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ( ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺵ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺪﺗﲔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦٦/٢‬ﻭﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﻠﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﺒﻴﻪ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻹﻗﻌﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ -‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‪" :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻌﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﲔ" ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪.(٣٧/٣‬‬
‫ﻒ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ )‪ ،(٣٧/٣‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ ،(٢٢٤/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٢٦٠/١‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﰲ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺷﺎ ﱟﺫ ﺿﻌﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻀﺠﻊ ﻗﺪﻣﻴﻪ ﻭﳚﻠﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺪﻭﺭﳘﺎ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٤١٤/٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ )‪" :(٤١٦/٣‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻠﻮﺱ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺪﺗﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ،(٥١٧/١‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ،(١٧١/١‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ‬
‫ﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻗﻌﺎﺀ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪ ،(١٥٢/٢‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﻳﻦ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ )‪ ،(٣٨٠-٣٧٩/١‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻫﻮ ﻧﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﻫﻨﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ‪ :‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻹﻗﻌﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﲔ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ ،(٥٣٦‬ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺎﻭﺱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻗﻌﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻠﻨﺎ ﻟﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﻧﺎ ﻟﻨﺮﺍﻩ ﺟﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‪" :‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻧﺒﻴﻚ ‪ ،" ‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﲟﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ" ﰒ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬
‫)‪ (٣٧/٣‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ (٢٨٥/١‬ﻣﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﻭﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ‪ .. ‬ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘﻌﻮﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺪﺗﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ‬
‫)‪ ٣٠٢٩ :١٩١/٢‬ﻭ‪ (٣٠٣٣‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﻗﻌﺎﺀ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ )‪" :(٣٨/٣‬ﳛﺘﻤﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ١٥٠‬‬

‫ﺠ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺢ)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺳﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻌﻞ ﻣﺮﻓﻘﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻛﺒﺘﻴﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٤‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٥‬ﻭﺍﳉﻠﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ (٣) :‬ﻳﻨﺼﺐ ﺭﺟﹶﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺜﲏ ﺭﺟﹶﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﻠﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٦‬ﻭﺍﳉﻠﺴﺔ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ‪ (٥) :‬ﻳﻨﺼﺐ ﺭﺟﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻠﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻔﻀﻲ ﺑﻮﺭﻛﻪ‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﻗﺪﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ ﻣﺒﻄﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺻﺪﺭ‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﳜﺮﺝ ﻗﺪﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﻧﺎﻓﻠ ﹰﺔ ‪-‬ﻓﻄﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺳﺠﻮﺩ‪‬ﻩ‪ -‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﲟﺮﻓﻘﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻛﺒﺘﻴﻪ؛‬
‫ﻟ‪‬ﻄﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺠﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٨‬ﻭﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﻲ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺳﺠﻮﺩﻩ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺭﻣﻰ ﺑﺒﺼﺮﻩ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻪ‪ ../‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﻔﻴ ﹰﻔﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳋﺸﻮﻉ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ‪ ..-‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻮﺩ ﻟﻠﺘﺸﻬﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﲰﺮﺓ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪ ..‬ﰲ ﺍﻹﻗﻌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻓﺴﺮﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺟﻠﻮﺱ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﺘﻴﻪ ﻧﺎﺻ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﻓﺨﺬﻳﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺇﻗﻌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺐ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﲟﺎ ﺭﻭﻳﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﻊ ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻊ ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻳﻀﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﺘﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﺒﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻀﻊ ﺭﻛﺒﺘﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﲨﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻨﺢ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﻳﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻔﺘﺮﺷﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﺎﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻛﻔﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺼﲑﺍﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺟﻨﺎﺣﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ )‪.(٣٠٥/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٢٦٣/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٤‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪.(١٠٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ "ﺃﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺵ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺟﻠﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٢٦٧/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٦١/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﺃﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺻﺪﻭﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻄﺒﻮﺣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻄﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃﹾﻟﻘﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ‪ .‬ﳐﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪ ،(٦٢‬ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )ﺹ‪.(٥٢‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻪ‪ :‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻄ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺭﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺜﲎ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺴﺒﻮﻕ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﺠﻮﺩ ﺳﻬﻮ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦٧/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )‪ (١٠٨/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٦١/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٠٤‬ﻛﱰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﲔ )‪ ،(١٧٢/١‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪ ،(١٧٦/٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ،(١٨٠/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪١٥١‬‬

‫‪ -٢٨٩‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻠﺘﻔﺖ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﳝﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻭﻻ ﴰﺎ ﹰﻻ)‪.(١‬‬

‫‪ -٢٩٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺣﺮﻡ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻭﺟﻠﺲ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ‪ ..‬ﻗﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺑﻼ ﺇﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﺑﺈﺣﺮﺍﻣﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺑﺪﺃ ﺑﺎﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﻓﻠﻢ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻭﻫﻮﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺟﻠﺲ ﺑﻪ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺇﺣﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻣﺎ ﺟﻠﺲ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﺘﺪﺃ ﺇﺣﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻣﻌﺘﺪ ﹰﻻ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﺴﻼﻡ)‪(٤‬؛‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺑﲔ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻌﻪ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻋﺪﻝ ﻇﻬﺮﻩ؛ ﻭﻻ‬
‫‪ -٢٩١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻛﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻛﺒﺘﻴﻪ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﺪﻋﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﻨ‪‬ﻴﺎ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻋﺘﺪﻝ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٣‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ )ﻳﻄﻤﺌ ‪‬ﻦ ﺭﺍﻛ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﺘﺪﻝ ﺭﺍﻓ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺮ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﱂ‪ (٢‬ﻳﻄﻤﺌ ‪‬ﻦ ﺟﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٥٤٦/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪" ،(١٠٩‬ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﻔﺎﺕ ﻻ ﳊﺎﺟﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٠١/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻭﱄ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻼ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻜﱪ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﱪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻏﲑ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ‪ ..‬ﺍﻧﻌﻘﺪﺕ ﻧﺎﻓﻠﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﲡﺰﺉ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٢٢٨/٢‬ﻭﺳﺒﻘﺖ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻗﺮﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﻌﻘﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﰲ ﺣﻘﱢﻪ ﻧﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٢٨/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٢٥٥/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )‪ ،(١٠٧/٨‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪.(١٠١‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٤‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪.(١٠١‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٢٥٦/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٤‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪.(١٠١‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٥٨/٢‬ﻭ‪ ،(٢٦٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٤‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٠١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٩٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻘﺮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪. (٢‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﱂ ﻳﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺭﺍﻛﻌ‪‬ﺎ" ﺇﱃ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ..‬ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻤﺄﻧﻴﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٢٦٢/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٩٩‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ١٥٢‬‬

‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٥‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ)‪ (١‬ﻭﻧﻮﺍﻩ ﺑﻘﻠﺒﻪ ﻭﱂ ﳛﺮﻙ)‪ (٢‬ﺑﻪ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻪ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺑﺄﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺴﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻧﻮﺍﻩ ﺑﻘﻠﺒﻪ)‪ ،(٧‬ﺃﻭ)‪ (٨‬ﻗﺮﺃ ﺑﹸﺄ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫)ﺃﻭ ﺑـ‪ 
       :(٥‬ﻭﻧﻮﺍﻩ ﺑﻘﻠﺒﻪ)‪ ،(٦‬ﺃﻭ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﱠﻠﻰ)‪] (١٠‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ[‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ‪‬ﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺀ ﹶﺓ ﲤﺘﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﲟﻔﻬﻮﻣﺔ؛ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪ ..(٩‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﻳﻠﻔﻆ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳉﻠﺴﺘﲔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻳﻘﺒﺾ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻊ ﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺼﱢﻠﻲ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻛﺒﺘﻴﻪ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ‬
‫‪ -٢٩٦‬ﻭﻳﻀﻊ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻳﺸﲑ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺒﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻳﺒﺴﻂ ﻛﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺨﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻤﺄﻧﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺪﺗﲔ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٢٦٢/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٥‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٠٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪ ،(٤١٨/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ،(٩٩‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﺣﱴ ﻳﻌﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻋﻀ ﹴﻮ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‪ :‬ﺗﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲢﺮﻙ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ )‪ ،(٩٢/٢‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٢٥٦/٣‬ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺣﺠ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻤﺮ ﹰﺓ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃ ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻠﻔﻆ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﺎﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻻ ﺗﺼﺢ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻄﻖ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ‪ .‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﻭﺭﺩﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﻚ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﱂ ﺃﺭﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺮﺃ ﺑﺄﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﱂ ﳛﺮﻙ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺑﺄﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ" ﻭﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﳌﺎ ﹸﺃﹾﺛﺒﹺﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻭ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٢٥١/٢‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﰲ ﺻﺪﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ؛ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﻄﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(٢٥٦/٣‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﻴﺢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﺟﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻧﻔﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﳛﺴﺐ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻊ ﻭﻻ ﻋﺎﺭﺽ؛‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﺭﻓﻊ ﲝﻴﺚ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﺗﻔﻖ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(٢٥١/٢‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﲤﺘﻤﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺒﲔ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺃﺟﺰﺃﺗﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻄﻴﻖ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﺃﻛﺮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﻣﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻡ ﺃﺟﺰﺃ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻳﻘﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺮﺃ ﻣﺎ ﲡﺰﺋﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺻﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١١‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٣‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻀﻌﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺨﺬﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ :(٤١٥/٣‬ﻳﻀﻌﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺨﺬﻳﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺮﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻛﺒﺘﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪١٥٣‬‬

‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻓﺨﺬﻳﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫‪ -٢٩٧‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻛﱢﻠﻬﺎ ﺳﻮﺍ ٌﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻠﻮﺱ؛ ﻏﲑ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻀﻢ‬
‫ﺾ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﺾ ﺍﻟﻠﺤ ﹺﻢ ﹺﺇﱃ ﺑﻌ ﹴ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻟ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺗﺼﻠﻲ ﻣﻜﺸﻮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻭﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٨‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺱ؛ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﺖ ﻭﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻜﺸﻮﻑ ‪-‬ﺇﻻ ﻭﺟﻬﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺼﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻉ‪ ..-‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩﺕ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻉ ]ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ[ ﻭﺍﳋﻔﺾ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ‪ ..‬ﻛﺮﻫﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ؛‬
‫‪ -٢٩٩‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻛﻮ ﹺ‬
‫‪$ : ‬ﹺﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﭐ ِﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺆ‪‬ﺗﻢ‪ ‬ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،(٢)#‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳﹺﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﱄ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﻮﻝ‪/١٥)/‬ﺏ( ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٢٦٧/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١١٥‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٤‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٤٣٣/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ ،(٢٦٢/١‬ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻳﻀﻌﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺨﺬﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ‪" :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪﻳﻦ ﲨﻴ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﻊ ﻳﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺨﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺨﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﺸﺮ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﻭﳚﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﲝﻴﺚ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺭﺅﻭﺳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺒﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﺒﺾ ﺍﳋﻨﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﺼﺮ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺳﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺒﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻹ‪‬ﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺒﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳋﻨﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﺼﺮ ﻭﻳﺮﺳﻞ ﺍﻹ‪‬ﺎﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺒﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻹ‪‬ﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٢٦٧/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٥‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٠٤‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ )‪ ،(١٣٢/٢‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪،(٤٣٢/٣‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٤٣٤-٤٣٣/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٠١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٢٦٧/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٥‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪.(١٠٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٢٦٧/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٥‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٣٣/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻀﻢ!‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٢٦٤/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٦‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٠٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺃﰊ ﺷﺠﺎﻉ )ﺹ‪ ،(٧٣‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪.(١٥١/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻷ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(١٩٩/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٦‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺃﰊ ﺷﺠﺎﻉ )ﺹ‪.(٧٤‬‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪ ‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻧﺺ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ‪-‬ﻋﺎﻓﺎﻧﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺇﻳﺎﻛﻢ‪ -‬ﻭﻻ ﳜﻔﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺳ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮ ﹺﻡ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻄﻠﻘﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻫﺔ ﻭﻳﻘﺼﺪﻭﻥ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(١٣٠/٤‬ﻭﳛﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ١٥٤‬‬

‫ﷲ[ ‪‬ﺭﹾﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻪ‬

‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ]ﭐ ُ‬
‫ﺸﻰ ﭐﻟ ‪‬ﺬﻱ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺭﹾﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﹺﺇ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ‪‬‬‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ)‪ (٣‬ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ :‬ﹶﺃﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺁﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ)‪.(٦) (٥‬‬
‫ﺱ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹴﺭ‪ ،(٤)#‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻜ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺭﹾﺃ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ؛ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﺮﱘ ﺳﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﺮﻛﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ‬
‫ﺼﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ"‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪" (٣٩٩/٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﻛﺮﺍﻫﺔ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﻛﻦ ﻛﺮﺍﻫﺔ ﲢﺮﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﺢ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ‪ ...‬ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ ﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻫﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﺍﳍﻴﺘﻤﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﺟﺮ )‪" :(٢٨٣-٢٨٢/١‬ﻭﻣﺬﻫﺒﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﳎﺮﺩ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳍﻮﻱ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻣﻜﺮﻭﻩ ﻛﺮﺍﻫﺔ ﺗﱰﻳﻪ‪ ...‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺳﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﺮﻛﻦ‪ ...‬ﺣﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺒﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻤﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﹲﺓ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﺮﻛﻨﲔ‪ ...‬ﺑﻄﻠﺖ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻪ ً‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﲟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﳚﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺛﺮ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﲝﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺅﻩ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﺍﻏﻪ –ﺃﻱ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ -‬ﻣﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(١٣٠/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٣٦٩/١‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(٣٩٢/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ‪‬؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﰒ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺻ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺻ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﺣﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹴﺭ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﲢﺮﱘ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‬
‫)‪ ،(٦٩١‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺩ‪$ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻮ‪‬ﻝ‪ #‬ﺑﺪﻝ ‪$‬ﳚﻌ‪‬ﻞ‪.#‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺠﻮﺩ ﻭﳓﻮﳘﺎ‪ (٤٢٧) ،‬ﲟﺜﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﺍ ِﻹﻣ‪‬ﺎﻡ‪ #‬ﺑﺪﻝ ‪$‬ﹺﺇﻣ‪‬ﺎﻣ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،#‬ﻭ‪$‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻦ ﱄ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﻣﻨﻪ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﻧﻪ ‪‬ﺳﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ﺇﹺﻣﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺇﻥ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺑﺒﻄﻼﻥ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻷﻧﻪ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﻤ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻄ ﹲﻞ ﻟﻠﺼﻼﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺈﻋﺎﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺗ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮ ﹺﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﻟﻪ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ ‪-‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪:-‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻦ‪ :‬ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﺸﺮﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﻪ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻔﺮﻍ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﳚﺘﻤﻌﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺴﺒﻖ ﺑﺮﻛﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺭﻛﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﺒﻄﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ؛ ﻋﻤﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻬﻮ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻭﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺫ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺗﻌﻤﺪ ﺑﻄﻠﺖ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٣٢/٤‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻖ ﺑﺮﻛﻦ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﺒﻄﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹶﺓ ﰲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﳏﻴﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ‪ ."‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٣٧٣/١‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫"ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺻﺢ ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻜ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٣٣/٤‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪١٥٥‬‬

‫ﻚ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻻ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ‬

‫‪ -٣٠٠‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﹺﺇﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹶﺓ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪6 P‬א ‪ (٣>4‬‬

‫ﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍ ﹸﳌﺒﺎ ‪‬ﺭﻛﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫‪) -٣٠١‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ (٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ ]ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ[‪$ :‬ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﻴﺎ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎ ‪‬ﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪/‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻭﺑﺮﻛﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻼ ‪‬ﻡ‬ ‫ﺕ ﷲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻼ ‪‬ﻡ)‪ (٥‬ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻲ ﻭﺭﲪ ﹸﺔ ﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﱠﻄ‪‬ﻴﺒﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﹶﻠﻮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭ)‪ (١‬ﺃﻥ ﳏﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ ،(٢)#‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻭﻯ ﺍﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﺱ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﲔ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃﺷﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃﻥ ﻻ ﹺﺇﻟﻪ ﹺﺇﻻ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﷲ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍِ‬
‫)ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪.(٢)  (١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻖ ﺑﺮﻛﻨﲔ‪ :‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒﻄﻞ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﺎ ﹴﱂ ﺑﺘﺤﺮﳝﻪ؛ ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳ‪‬ﺒﻄﻞ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٣٣/٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(١٩٦-١٩٥/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٢٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٣٧٣/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(١٣٤-١٣٢/٤‬ﲢﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ)‪.(٣٥٥/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٥٣/٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ١٩١/٢‬ﻭ‪ ،(١٩٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ١٢٥‬ﻭ‪ ،(١٢٦‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪٣٤١/٢‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ ،(٣٥٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٣٠/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(١٩١/٢‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ،(٣٤١/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٣٠/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٢٦٣/١‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻏﲑﻩ )ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ( ﻭ )ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺎﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﲔ( ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺗﺸﻬﺪ ﲟﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‬
‫‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٨‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ "ﺃﺷﻬﺪ" ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ (٥٤/٣‬ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻟﻔﻆ‪" :‬ﺃﺷﻬﺪ"‪،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﺑﺈﺛﺒﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻳﺮﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻳﺴﻤﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻛﺜﲑ‪‬ﺍ‪:‬‬
‫‪$‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪#‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٢٦٩/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٢٦٣/١‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪ ،(١٦٢/٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻮ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻬﺪ ﲟﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ س ﺟﺎﺯ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ" –ﻳﻌﲏ ﺗﺸﻬﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ١٥٦‬‬

‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪.(٤) ‬‬

‫‪ | -٣٠٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ‪ :‬ﻭﳔﺘﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א ‪ &ZR ktD‬‬

‫‪ -٣٠٣‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﻲ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﳓ ‪‬ﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻉ ﻃﻮ ﹰﻻ)‪،(٥‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﳚﺪ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺮﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﺼﻼﺗﻪ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺓ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٤‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻧﻮ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺘﺮﺗﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﻠﻰ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٥‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻼﺓ )ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﲔ‪ (٨‬ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺳﺘﺮﺓ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻂ ﺍ ﹸﳌﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺧﻄ‪‬ﺎ)‪(٢‬؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻊ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺨﱡ‬‫‪ -٣٠٦‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ (٣٠٢/١‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.(٤٠٣) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ‪ ،(٨٣١) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ‬
‫ﱯ ﻭﺭﲪ ﹸﺔ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺃ‪‬ﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻴﺒﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻠﻮﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﺕ ِ‬‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،(٤٠٢) ،‬ﻭﻟﻔﻈﻪ‪" :‬ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﺤﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﹶﺷﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﹶﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﳏﻤﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟ ‪‬ﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺮﻛﺎﺗ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﻗﺪﺭ ﺛﻠﺜﻲ ﺫﺭﺍﻉ ﻓﺼﺎﻋﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٢٢٦/٣‬ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺏ )‪ ،(٤٣٦/١‬ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ :(٢٩٤/١‬ﻗﺪﺭ ﻣﺆﺧﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ "ﺍﻷُﻡ" )‪ ،(١٢٣/١٠‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٩٤/١‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ "ﺍﻷُﻡ" )‪ (١٢٣/١٠‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻧﻮ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪،(٢٩٤/١‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٢٦/٣‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻳﺪﻧﻮ ﲝﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺫﺭﻉ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑـﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ "ﺍﻷُﻡ" )‪ ،(١٢٣/١٠‬ﻭﰲ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ )‪ (٤٣٩/١‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﻭﺭ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺻﻠﻰ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻭﺳﻨﻦ ﺣﺮﻣﻠﺔ‪ :-‬ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺰﺍﱄ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ‪" :‬ﻭﻧﻔﺎﻩ –ﺃﻱ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ‪ -‬ﰲ ‪$‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ #‬ﻻﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺿﻌﻔﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻃﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲨﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪١٥٧‬‬

‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺑﺎﻣﺮﺃ ‪‬ﺓ ﻭﻻ ﺩﺍ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺔ)‪.(١‬‬

‫‪ -٣٠٧‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٢٩٥-٢٩٤/١‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٢٢٦/٣‬ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺏ )‪ ،(٤٣٦/١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ "ﺍﻷُﻡ" )‪" :(١٢٤/١٠‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ‪-‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ -‬ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﳋﻂ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳋﻂ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻂ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﳚﺪ ﻋﺼﺎ‪ ،(٦٨٩) ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﳌﹸﺼﻠﱢﻲ )‪ ،(٩٤٣‬ﻭﺃﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٧٣٩٢ :٣٥٤/١٢‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﳝﺔ )‪:١٣/٢‬‬
‫‪ (٨١١‬ﻭﻋﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻣﻀﻄﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ )‪ (٢٣٦١ :١٢٥/٦‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ‬
‫)‪ (٥٣٥/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ ،(٢٧٠/٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ )‪" :(٢٧١/٢‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪@ :‬ﻭﻻ ﳜﻂ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺧ ‪‬ﻄﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻓﻠﻴﺘﺒﻊ! ﻭﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻋﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﻨﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﰲ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻭﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ :(٢١٧/٤‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳋﻂ‪ ...‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻭﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺼﻪ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(٢٢٦/٣‬ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﻂ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﲢﺼﻴﻞ ﺣﺮﱘ ﻟﻠﻤﺼﻠﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺪﻣﻨﺎ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﰲ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﳊﻼﻝ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﳓﻮ‬
‫ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻀﻄﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺑﻠﻮﻍ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻡ )ﺹ‪" :(١٨٥ :٧٢‬ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺣﺴﻦ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳊﺒﲑ )‪" :(٦٨١/١‬ﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﲏ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﱪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺬﻛﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺿﻌﻔﻪ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪@ :‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﳜﻂ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺧ ‪‬ﻄﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ!‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺳﻨﻦ ﺣﺮﻣﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﺖ –ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪ -‬ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ ﻣﺜﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻟﻠﻤﻀﻄﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻮﺯﻉ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪﱘ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﺘﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(٢٢٧/٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪@ :‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﻻ ﺩﺍﺑﺔ!؛ ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﻈﺎﻫﺮ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺭﲟﺎ ﺷﻐﻠﺖ ﺫﻫﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﺭﺍﺣﻠﺘﻪ ﻓﻴﺼﻠﻲ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺘﻪ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ‬ﱂ ﻳﺒﻠﻐﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻻ ﻣﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺘﻌﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺻﺎﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ‬ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﺢ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ )‪ (٤٣٧/١‬ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﳛﺼﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ ﻳﻨﺎﰲ ﺧﺸﻮﻋﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ١٥٨‬‬

‫ﻼ ﺃﻭ )ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺩﺍﺑﺔ‪] (١‬ﺃﻭ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ[ ﳝﺮ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ)‪(٢‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﲔ‬

‫‪ -٣٠٨‬ﻭﻟﻴﺪﺭﺃ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻉ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﺗﻔﺴﺪ)‪ (٣‬ﺻﻼ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٩‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﺩﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺭﺍﻛ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‪ ..‬ﹶﻛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﻜﻦ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻛﺒﺘﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻤ ﱠﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﺭﺍﻛ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ | -٣١٠‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ)‪ (٦‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺛﻨﺎ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺁﺩﻡ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ‬
‫ﻁ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﱀ)‪ /،(١‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ) ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺰ ﹶﺓ()‪ ،(٢)(١‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﰲ ﺻﺤﺮﺍ َﺀ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓﹶﺄﹾﻟ ﹶﻘﻰ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺑﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٢٩٥/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٢٨/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻔﺴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ "ﺍﻷُﻡ" )‪ ،(١٢٥/١٠‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٢٢٩/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٩٥/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٢٥٦/٢‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ ﻣﻦ "ﺍﻷُﻡ" )‪ ،(٣٢٤/٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ ،(٣٩٠/٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪،(٢٠٢/١‬‬
‫ﺲ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٣١٧/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٢٤٣/١‬ﻭﱂ ﺃﺟﺪﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﺻﺮﳛ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻳ‪‬ﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﺍﻛ ‪‬ﻊ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺘﻜﻦ ﺻﻼ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺧﺎﻟﺼ ﹰﺔ ﷲ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٢٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻄ‪‬ﻨﺎﻓﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﰲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﱃ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺧﺎﹶﻟﻴ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﲏ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﻨﺎﻓﺴﻲ ﻭﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺯﺭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺒﺎﺭﺍﻵﺧﺬﻳﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺒﻊ ﺍﻷﺗﺒﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﻭﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ‪ ،‬ﺛﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪ ،(١٩٠/٣‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(٧٠٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺁﺩﻡ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﰲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﱃ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﲪﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﲏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺻﻐﺎﺭ ﺃﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﺣﺎﻓﻆ ﻓﺎﺿﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪ ،(٣٣٧/٤‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫)ﺹ‪.(١٠٤٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻲ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺣﻴﺎﻥ‪ -‬ﺑﻦ ‪‬ﺷ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﳍ ‪‬ﻤﺪﺍﱐ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺑﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ‪ :‬ﺃﰊ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﺑﻦ ‪‬ﺪﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻛﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺃﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻘﻴﻪ ﻋﺎﺑﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺸ‪‬ﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺳﲑ ﺃﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ )‪ ،(٣٦١/٧‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(٢٣٩‬‬
 ‫‪١٥٩‬‬

‫)‪Y6 P‬א(‪ (٤$R‬‬

‫‪ -٣١١‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺖ)‪ (٥‬ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺯﺍﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٢‬ﻭﺍﳌﺸ ‪‬ﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﹶﺃﻓﻀﻞ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻧﺪﺍ ُﺀ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺼ ﹺﺮ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿ ﹴﻊ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﳉ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺧﺎﺭ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ‪‬ﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐﺍﹸ‬
‫‪ -٣١٣‬ﻭﲡ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻴ‪‬ﺖ)‪ ،(٩‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮ ﹺﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻳ ﹺﺢ)‪(١٠‬؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪
G
F
E

D  : (١) ‬‬
‫ﺍﳌ ‪‬ﺆ ﱢﺫ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬

‫‪]  M

L
K
J

I
H‬ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،[٩ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ]ﺳﻌﻴﺪ[ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ)‪.(١)(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﲪﺰﺓ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﺮﻳﺞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﰲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﱃ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺷﺮﻳﺢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰉ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺰﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﻱ ﻭﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﺻﺮﻭﺍ ﺻﻐﺎﺭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺻﺪﻭﻕ ﺭﲟﺎ ﻭﻫﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ )‪ ،(٦٣٦/٢٢‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫)ﺹ‪.(٧٦٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ (٢٧٨/١‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺁﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻠﻘﻲ ﺳﻮﻃﻪ ﰒ‬
‫ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻭﻗﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٨٦/٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٤٦‬ﻭ)ﺹ‪.(٤٧‬‬
‫ﻉ‪ ...‬ﱂ ﺗﻔﺴﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٩٤/٢‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺆﺗﻰ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺸﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪ ...‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺳﻌﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﻚ ﻟﻪ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٧‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﻭﱂ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٨١/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٨٢/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٤٤‬ﻭ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٨٢/٢‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻁ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﺍﺕ ﻫﺎﺩﺋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ﻏﺎﻓ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺩﺍ ﺷﺮﻃﹰﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.  :‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺰﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻫﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺨﺰﻭﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﲨﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻼ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺃﻗﻀﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻲ ﺭﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ‪ :‬ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻣﺮﺳ ﹰ‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ١٦٠‬‬

‫‪ -٣١٤‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺆ‪‬ﺗﻰ)‪ (٢‬ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻣﻴﺎﻝ)‪.(٤) (٣‬‬

‫‪ -٣١٥‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻻ ]ﻋﻠﻰ[ ﻏﲑ ﺍﶈﺘﻠﻤﲔ‬
‫ﲨﻌﺔ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺷﻬﺪﻭﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃ‪‬ﻢ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﻟﻴﻐﺘﺴﻠﻮﺍ ‪-‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ -‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺷﻬﺪﻭﻫﺎ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻮﺍ‬ ‫‪ -٣١٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﺮ ﻣﺴﺠ ‪‬ﺪ )‪ (٩‬‬
‫ﺻﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳉﻤﻌ ﹸﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ)‪ (١٠‬ﳚﺰﺉ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌﻮﺍ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻡ)‪ (١‬ﺍﳉﻤﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﲨﻌ ﹰﺔ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﻮ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﻢ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻻ ﳚﺰﺉ ﺃﻗﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻴﺪﻭﺍ ﻇﻬ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﺃﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٧‬ﻭﺃﻱ ﻗﺮﻳﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺣ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟ ‪‬ﻐﺎ‪ ..‬ﻭﺟﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺻﱡﻠﻮﺍ ﺃﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺃﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ)‪ (١‬ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ)‪ ..(٢‬ﱂ ﳚﺰﺋﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﱂ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﲨﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪» :‬ﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﲔ«‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﲔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺳﲑ ﺃﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ )‪ ،(٢١٧/٤‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪.(٤٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٨٢/٢‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﻐﲏ )‪ (٢٤٤/٣‬ﻋﺰﺍ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺑﺄﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﻓﺮﺳﺦ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺆﺗﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﳌﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻗﺪﺭ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺛﻠﺚ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺦ؛ ﻓﺎﻟﻔﺮﺳﺦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻣﻴﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻴﻞ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ‪ ١٨٤٨ :‬ﻣﺘﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻔﺮﺳﺦ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ‪ ٦٢٤٤ :‬ﻣﺘﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ )‪ ،(٦٣٩/١١‬ﺍﻹﻳﻀﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪.(٧١‬‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻨﺎﺑﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪ ،(٢٣٣/١‬ﺍﳌﻐﲏ )‪.(٢٤٤/٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٧٦/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٤٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٣٢‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٧٦/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٤٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٣٢‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٩٦/٢‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺴﺠﺪﻳﻦ ﳚﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﳎﺰﺋﺔ ﳌﻦ ﺻﻼﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٨٤/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٤٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٣٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٨٤/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٤٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٣٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٧٩-٣٧٨/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٤‬‬
 ‫‪١٦١‬‬

‫ﻀﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﺣ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟ ‪‬ﻐﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ)‪ (٥‬ﻣ‪‬ﻈﺎﱡﻟ ‪‬ﻬﻢ)‪ (٦‬ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٨‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺑﺎﺩﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﻢ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ)‪ (٤‬ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺾ؛ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﲟﺘﻨﺎﺑﺬ ‪‬ﺓ)‪ (٧‬ﻣﺘﺒﺎﹺﻳ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﻃ‪‬ﻨﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻌﻨﻮﻥ)‪ (٨‬ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺐ ﺑﻌ ﹴ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺟﻨ ﹺ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺃﻗﺤﻄﻮﺍ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﻏﺒﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﳋﺼﺐ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﻭﺟﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -٣١٩‬ﻭﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺇﻣﺎ ﹴﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﺍﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻭﱠﻟﻮﺍ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺐ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﺼ ﹴ‬
‫ﺨ‪‬‬‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱠﻞ ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺩ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪ -٣٢٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺑﺬﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺿ ‪‬ﻊ‬
‫ﲨﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﻴﺴﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭ ‪‬ﻣﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﹶﻇﻌ‪‬ﻦ)‪/١٦)/(١‬ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺗﺼﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٧٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﻣﻈﺎﳍﻢ"‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﳛﺘﻤﻞ "ﻣﻈﺎ‪‬ﻢ" ﻭ"ﻣﻈﺎﳍﻢ"‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻈﺎ‪‬ﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ‪" :‬ﺍ ‪‬ﳌﻈﹶﻠﺔ ﺑﻜﺴﺮ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﺳﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺒﺎﺀ‪ ...‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺮﻱ‬
‫ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﹶﻈﻠﺔ ﻓﺮﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﰊ ﺑﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﳚﻴﺰ ﻛﺴﺮﻫﺎ‪ ...‬ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﹶﻈﺎﻝ"‬
‫)ﺹ‪ ،(٣١٥-٣١٤‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪.(٣٥٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺑﺬﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ ﹴﻊ ﺃﻭ ﲢﻮ ﹴﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎ ٍﺀ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ٍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻠ ‪‬ﺪ‪ .،‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻀﻮ ﹺﺭ ﻣﺎ ٍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻃﻠ ﹺ‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﹶﻇ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻦ‪ :‬ﺫﻫﺐ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺭ ‪‬ﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ )ﺹ‪ ،(٦١٦‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪ ،(٣٦٣-٣٦٢/٣٥‬ﳐﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪.(٣٥٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺤﻄﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﲡﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺼﺢ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻰ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ‪$‬ﺍﻷﻡ‪ .#‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ‬
‫)‪ ،(٣٧٩/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٤٤‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٣٦٨-٣٦٧/٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﻡ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻠﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻬﻢ ﺷﺘﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻴﻔﹰﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﺗﺼﺢ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﲔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺷﺘﺎﺀ ﻭﺻﻴﻔﹰﺎ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻰ‬
‫ﳎﺘﻤﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌﺾ‪ .. -‬ﻓﻘﻮﻻﻥ‪ ،‬ﺣﻜﺎﳘﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﻍ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﱄ ﻭﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﻲ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ؛ ﺃﺻﺤﻬﻤﺎ‪- :‬ﺑﺎﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ‪ -‬ﻻ ﲡﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺼﺢ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﲡﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﺗﺼﺢ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪﻧﻴﺠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻨﺤﻮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ ،(٣٠٢-٣٠١/٤‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘ ﹰ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺏ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ١٦٢‬‬

‫‪ -٣٢١‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻙ )ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﺭﻛﻌ ﹰﺔ‪ ،(٢‬ﻓﺴﺠﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ )ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺳﺠﺪﺗﲔ‪ ..(٣‬ﺃﺿﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ)‪ (٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﱂ ﻳﺪﺭﻙ ﺇﻻ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﻭﺳﺠﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺪﺓ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ..‬ﺻﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٣٢٢‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺮﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ)‪ (٨‬ﻓﺴﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺭﻛﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ..‬ﺭﻛﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﺃﻟﻐﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﻭﭐ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻛﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺭﻓﻊ ]ﺭﺃﺳﻪ[ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻛﻮﻉ‬
‫ﻭﭐ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﻀﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ)‪.(١١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٧٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺳﺠﺪﺗﲔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٢٦/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﺠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٢٦/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٤٦‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﱠﻠ ﹶﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ "ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺪﺭﻛﹰﺎ ﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﺑﻜﻤﺎﳍﺎ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﺴﺠﺪ ﺳﺠﺪﺗﲔ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲨﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﻛﻮﻋﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٤٢٦/٢‬ﻭ‪ ،(٤٢٧‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻗﺎﻋﺪ ﹰﺓ ﻣﻔﺎﺩ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻬﻰ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺣﱴ ﺳﺒﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺻﻼﺓ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﻳﺪﺭﻙ ﻣﺎ ﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻠﺤﻖ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺮﻛﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻳﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﻳﺮﻛﻊ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻭﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻓﺎﺗﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٤٥‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻪ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺭﻛﻊ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻳﻔﺮﻍ ﳑﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻗﻀﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻓﺎﺕ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻌﺘﺪ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺒﻌﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ )ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ( ﻗﻠﺖ ﺃﻧﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ؛ ﻗﻴﺎ ‪‬ﺳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ ﺇﳕﺎ ﳛﺴﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﺈﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﻘﻂ ﺑﺴﻘﻮﻁ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪) :‬ﺇﻥ ﺳﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﺭﻛﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ(‪ ،‬ﻭﰱ ﻫﺬﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ َﻷ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺩﻟﻴ ﹲﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﷲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ"‪.‬‬
 ‫‪١٦٣‬‬

‫‪ -٣٢٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ‪ ..‬ﺍﻋﺘﺪ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻗﻀﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺪﺭﻛﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﻘﺾ)‪ (١‬ﺃﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻪ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﻟﻐﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻭﺍﺗﺒﻌﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﻀﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﻍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٣٢٤‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺭﺍﻛ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﻓﺄﺣﺮﻡ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﺍﻛﻊ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺫﻫﺐ ﻟﲑﻛﻊ ﻓﺮﻓﻊ‬
‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﻛﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﺪ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﻘﺾ ﺑﺪﳍﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫]ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ[ ﺭﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺴﺠﺪ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺍﻏﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫ )‪.(٦‬‬ ‫
‬ ‫‪ -٣٢٥‬ﻭﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺑﺴﻮﺭﺓ ‪ # I $‬ﻭ 
‬

‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(٧‬‬

‫ﺼﱢﻠﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻧﺎﻓﻠ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٢٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺘﲔ)‪،(١١‬‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺼ ﱢﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﳜﻄﺐ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻞ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ‪/‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٣٢٧‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﱐ)‪ ،(٢) (١‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺳﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹰﻜﺎ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻐﻄﻔﺎ ﱠ‬
‫)‪.(٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻴﺼﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٢٧/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪(٤٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺭﻓﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺴﺠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼ ﱢﻞ ﻇﻬﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﺭﺑﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٢٥/٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺪﺭﻙ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٢٤/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٩٨/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪(٤٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٨‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻴﺼﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٠٠/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٤٦‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﺃ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺘﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺳﻠﻴﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ١٦٤‬‬

‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳓﺮﻓﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٣٢٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﺃﻧﺼﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ)‪(٥‬؛ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣﻨ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﹶﻗﺮ‪‬ﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﺼ ﱢﻞ)‪ (٩‬ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼ ﱢﻞ)‪ ..(٨‬ﻓﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻄﻌﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ؛ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٢٩‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (١٠‬ﺯﺍﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -٣٣٠‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻃﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ)‪.(١) (١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﷲ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺳﻠﹶﻴﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻫﺪﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻄﻔﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺣﺪﻳﹶﺜ ‪‬ﻪ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ؛ ﺣﻴﺚ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﳜﻄﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﻠﻴﻚ ﻗﺪ ﺟﻠﺲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺮﻛﻊ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ )‪ ،(١٤٣٧/٣‬ﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ )‪ ،(٢٨٩/٢‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(١٣٨/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٩٩/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﳜﻄﺐ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ‬
‫ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺘﲔ‪ ،(٩٣١) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﳜﻄﺐ‪ ،(٨٧٥) ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺑﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﳜﻄﺐ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻼﻥ؟‪ #‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﻛﻊ‪ ،#‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺪ ﱠﻝ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٦‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪$ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﺮ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﳋﺰﺭﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺍﳋﻨﺪﻕ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﻯ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑ ﹴﻊ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻓﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻴﻊ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ )‪ ،(٢١٣/٢‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(٦٥/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٠٠-٣٩٩/٢‬ﻭﺍﳊﻤﻴﺪﻱ )‪ ،(٧٤١ :٣٢٦/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺘﲔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﳜﻄﺐ‪ ،(٥١١) ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺣﺚ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺧﻄﺒﺘﻪ‪ ،(١٤٠٨) ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﻦ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﳜﻄﺐ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ ،(١١١٣‬ﻭﺣﺴﻨﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺪﻝ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤١٨/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٢٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺼﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻴﺼﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٦٥/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ؛ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(٣٦٦/٤‬ﺍﻷﺻﺢ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﲢﺮﳝﻪ"؛ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪١٦٥‬‬

‫)‪kNV6 P‬א(‪ (٢$R‬‬

‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﺭ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -٣٣١‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ /‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﲡﺐ‬
‫ﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻤﻦ ‪‬ﻳﺴﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﺍ َﺀ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬ﺆ ﱢﺫ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٣٢‬ﻭﻻ ﲡﺐ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﻀﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﲡﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‬
‫ﻼ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺣ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟ ‪‬ﻐﺎ )ﻭﳛﻀﺮﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﻀﺮ‪ ..‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٣٣٣‬ﻭﲡﺐ‬
‫ﻼ[ ﻭﺣﻀﺮﻭﺍ‬
‫ﲨﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ]ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻼ[‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ]ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ)‪ (٨‬ﻭﺃﺣﺮﻣﻮﺍ)‪ (١‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯﺕ ﺻﻼ‪‬ﻢ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫"ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ؛ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٧٦/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﳚﻮﺯ؛ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻭﺣﺮﻣﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٦٥/٤‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" (٣٧٥/٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺳﻔﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﺃﺣﺐ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ )‪" :(٣٧٦/٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﺰﻣﺘﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(٤٥‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻃﻠﻊ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺼﻠﻴﻬﺎ"‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪،(١٤٥‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٦٥/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺇﱃ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺳﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ )ﺃ(‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺷﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺏ‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻰ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ" ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﰲ )‪/٩٤‬ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‪" :‬ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﺻﻼﺓ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲡﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﳚﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﳛﻀﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺮﻣﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ١٦٦‬‬

‫‪] -٣٣٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﲔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ)‪(٢‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﻭﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﳉﻤﻌ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ..‬ﺻﻼ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌ ﹶﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﻼﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪] -٣٣٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﲨﺎﻋ ﹰﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻓﺎﺗﺘﻬﻢ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪] -٣٣٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺧﻄﺐ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻫﻢ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ]ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ[ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻮﺍ)‪ (٥‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ..‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٣٣٧‬ﻭﻻ ﲡﺰﺉ ﺻﻼﺓ)‪ (٧‬ﺣﱴ ﳜﻄﺐ ﺑﺄﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻭﳛﺮﻡ ‪‬ﻢ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ؛ ﺍﳊﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٣٣٨‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﺒﺖ‬
‫)ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻣﺴﺎﻓ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ..(١١‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -٣٣٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨﻄﺐ ﻭﺃﺣﺮﻡ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﻧ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﻮﺍ ﺇﻻ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺼﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻀﻮﺍ ﺇﻻ ﺭﺟﻠﲔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ‪] ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺁﺧﺮ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ)‪.(١٤)(١٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻧ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ[ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻔﺮﻏﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻼ‪‬ﻢ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٣٤٠‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ]ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ[ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺄﺭﺑﻌﲔ ]ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٣٧٩/٢‬ﻭ‪.(٣٨٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٧٧/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٤٥‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺻﻠﹼﻮﺍ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﲟﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺻﻠﻮﺍ ﻣﻌﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻼﱠﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺼﱢﻠﻴ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﺗﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻓﺎﺗﺘﻪ‪ ..‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﱠﻠ ﹶﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ‪$‬ﺍﻷﻡ‪ #‬ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻗﺒ‪‬ﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﻀﺎ ًﺀ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻳﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﻳﺼﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٧٧/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٨٠/٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٥-٤٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﻫﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٥-٤٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺟﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻ ﹾﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺇﻻ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٨٠/٢‬ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻻ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪١٦٧‬‬

‫ﺼﱠﻠﻰ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺐ؛ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻒ ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ ﻣﻦ ﹶﻏﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﱠﻠﻰ ﺧﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪] -٣٤١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻪ؛ ﺃﻣ ‪‬ﲑﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺃﻣﲑ‪.(٤) (٣)/‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ (٥‬ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓ ﹺﺮ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﺼﱠﻠﻰ ﺧﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪] -٣٤٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ [:‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٤٣‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪) :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪ ..(٧‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﻫﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﺩﺍ ﹲﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺷﻬﺪﺍﻫﺎ‪) (٩) ،‬ﻭﻳﺆﺟﺮﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭﲡﺰﺉ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺷﻬﺪﺍﻫﺎ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -٣٤٤‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻓﺄﺷﻐﻠﻪ)‪ (١‬ﺷﻐﻞ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ..‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪(٢‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺗﺼﻠﻰ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪] ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ [:‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬
‫]ﺃﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ[)‪/١٦)/ (١‬ﺏ(‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٨١-٣٨٠/٢‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٤٥‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪" :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﺑﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﰒ ﺍﻧﻔﻀﻮﺍ‪ ..‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﺻﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﹰﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﲨﻌﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳍﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﹶﺄﺩﺍﺅﻩ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ..‬ﻛﺄﺩﺍﺋﻬﻢ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﳑﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻮ ﺻﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻢ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﰒ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ‪ ..‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﻮﺍ ﻭﺣﺪﺍ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺟﺰﺃ‪‬ﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻁ ﺑﻘﺎﺋﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﲤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪" :(١٣٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻧﻔﻀﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ..‬ﺑﻄﻠﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻗﻮﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻻ؛ ﺇﻥ ﺑﻘﻲ ﺍﺛﻨﺎﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺇﻣﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٩٤‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٨٣/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺴﺐ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ"‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﻓﺮﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٨٣/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺆﺟﺮﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٨٣/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺷﻐﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٨٦/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ١٦٨‬‬

‫‪ -٣٤٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ؛ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻭﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪(٢‬؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺻﻼﺓ ﻗﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺣﻴ ﹸ‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪] -٣٤٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻧﺴﻲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺬﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻀﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻧﺴﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻀﺮ‬
‫ﻀ ﹴﺮ)‪(٣‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺼﺔ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪﻯ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻬﺎ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻓﺬﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺻﻼ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹺﺮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻔ ﹺﺮ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ)‪ (٦‬ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻲ‬ ‫ﳊ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٣٤٧‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﺻﻼ ﹶﺓ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﱯ‬
‫ﱯ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳊﻀ ﹺﺮ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‪.(٧)#‬‬
‫‪$ ‬ﹺﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺷﻚ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹸﻛﻢ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﭐﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻘ ﹺ‬
‫ﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ )ﺑﻠﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ‪ (١‬ﻏﲑ ﺃﻣﲑ‪ ..‬ﲡﺰﺉ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻒ ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ ﹶﺃﻣ ﹴﲑ ﹶﺃﻭ ﻣﺄﻣﻮ ﹴﺭ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻐﱢﻠ ﹴ‬
‫‪ -٣٤٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹸﺓ ﺧﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﲡﺰﺉ ﺧﻠﻒ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -٣٤٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﲟﺼ ﹴﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﺟ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻝ؛ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣﻬ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﱄ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﻴﺎ)‪ (٤‬ﻣﻌﺰﻭ ﹰﻻ ﻓﺼﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪(٣٨٦/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٨٦/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٤٦‬ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻣﱴ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻤﻬﺎ ﻇﻬﺮ‪‬ﺍ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٦١/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٦١/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٤٣‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻷﻥ ﻋﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺫﻫﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﺔ‪ ..‬ﺫﻫﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺯﺍﻝ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺫﻫﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺼﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪" :‬ﺃﺭﺑﻌﹰﺎ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻊ ﲣﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﹸﺛﻘﱢﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ "ﺃﺭﺑﻊ" ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋ ﹰﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ ﻟﻪ‪ ،(٥٧١) ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ ‪ ، ‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺷﻚ ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺪﺭ ﻛﻢ ﺻﻠﻰ؟ ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ ﺃﻡ ﺃﺭﺑﻌ‪‬ﺎ؟‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﻄﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻚ ﻭﻟﻴﱭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻘﻦ‪."...‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺑﻠﺪ ﻭ"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٨٣/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٧‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﱄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
 ‫‪١٦٩‬‬

‫‪fDm6 P‬א(‪ $R‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺐ)‪(٣‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻮﺍﺟ ﹴ‬ ‫‪ -٣٥٠‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻻ ﳚﻲﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹾﻞ‪ ،(٥)#‬ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﳉ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﺔ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫ﭐﹸ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ $ :‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺟﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﻌﺬﺭ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻤﺮ)‪ (٨‬ﺣﲔ ﱂ ﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺴﻞ؛ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻠ ﹺﻢ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺟ‪‬ﺒﺎ‪    ..‬ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﱯ ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺄﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺴﻞ‪ ..‬ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻮﺍﺟ ﹴ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫‪] -٣٥١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﺄﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺟﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ‪ ..‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻔﻪ ﻗﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ)‪(١‬؛ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ )ﺑﺄﻧﻪ(‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ)‪.(٤)[(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٨٤/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻨﻈﻒ ﺑﻐﺴﻞ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٨٣/٢‬ﻭ‪ ،(٣٩٥‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ٤٥‬ﻭ‪ (٤٨‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﻳﻮﻡ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ، ‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﱯ ﺷﻬﻮﺩ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ؟ )‪ ،(٨٧٧‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﻐﺘﺴﻞ‪#‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺏ‪ :‬ﻫﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻏﺴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،(٨٩٤) ،‬ﻛﻠﻔﻆ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ (٨٤٤/٢) ،‬ﻛﻠﻔﻈﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺯﺍﺩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢١‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪ ..." :‬ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ، ‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪،...‬‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﻪ‪ ، ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ ،(٨٧٨‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪$ :‬ﺇﺫ ﺩﺧ ﹶﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﲔ‪ ،#‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ ،(٨٤٥‬ﻭﺻﺮﺡ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭﻳﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ‪ . ‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٨٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٤١/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٣٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ‪ :‬ﺑﺄﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻝ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٩‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻧﺎﺳﺦ ﻟﻔﻌﻠﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ )‪،(١٣٦/٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﻳﺞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﻐﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ١٧٠‬‬

‫)‪kNVY5Š6 P‬א(‪ (١$R‬‬

‫‪ -٣٥٢‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ]‪ :[ ‬ﻭﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺖ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻨﻪ‬
‫ﰲ ﻭﻗ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﳜﻄﺐ‪ ..‬ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺘﲔ؛ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻹِﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﺄﻣ‪‬ﺮﻩ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬
‫]ﺫﻟﻚ[)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٣٥٣‬ﻭﻻ ﳜﻄﺐ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺇﻻ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺤﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺇﻳﺎﻫﻢ)‪(٥‬؛ ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫‪ -٣٥٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺧﻄﺐ ﺟﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ‪ /‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺻﺤﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺧﻄﺐ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٣٥٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺧﻄﺐ ﺧﻄﺒﺘﲔ)‪ (١‬ﻭﱂ ﳚﻠﺲ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪(٢‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﱂ ﳜﺮﺝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﳉﻠﻮﺱ ﻭﻳﺼﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﲨﻌﺔ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺘﻪ ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ )ﺏ( ﰲ )‪/٨٢‬ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪" :‬ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺩﺧﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﹶﻛﹶﺄ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﻭﻻ ﳝﻜﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺘﲔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﱠﻠ ﹶﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻟﺌﻼ ﻳﻔﻮﺗﻪ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ"‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٠٠/٢‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‬
‫‪ ،(١٤٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺇﻥ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٠٥/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٤٦‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٤٠‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٣٨٣/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٢٦/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٣٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٠٧/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٣٨٤-٣٨٣/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٦/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ، ‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،(٩٢٠) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺘﲔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻠﺴﺔ‪ ،(٨٦١) ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‬
‫)‪.(٤٠٦/٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺘﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٠٧/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٣٨٤/٤‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳉﻠﻮﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪،(٢٧/٢‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻁ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺘﲔ ﻭﺍﳉﻠﻮﺱ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٨٤/٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﺟﻠﻮﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺑﲔ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺘﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٤٠٧/٢‬ﻭ‪.(٤١٠‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
 ‫‪١٧١‬‬

‫‪ -٣٥٦‬ﻭﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ]ﺍﺳﻢ[ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ‪ ..‬ﺃﻥ ﳛﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪، ‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻮﺻﻲ ﺑﺘﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ)‪ (١‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﳛﻤﺪ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﱢﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﻳﻮﺻﻲ ﺑﺘﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺪﻋﻮ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٣٥٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﳉﻠﻮﺱ ﺣﲔ ﺭﻗﻰ)‪ (٥‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٣٥٨‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺘﻢ)‪ (٧‬ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺘﺎﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ)‪(١‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻓﺨﻄﺐ ﻭﻗﺮﺃ ﻭﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﻈﻬ ﹺﺮ ﺍﻵﺧ‪‬ﺮ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺣﱴ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻵﺧ‪‬ﺮ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻇﻬ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‬
‫ﺝ ﻭﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺧﺮﻭ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪] -٣٥٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻟﻮ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﻛﺮﻫﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ‬
‫ﺽ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻀﻬﻢ؛ ﻷﻥ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻼ ﹺﻡ ﻓﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺁﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﲡﺐ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﰲ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺘﲔ ﺃﻳﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺺ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻣﻮﺍﻓ ‪‬ﻖ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﲡﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﲡﺰﺉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﲡﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﲨﻴﻌﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﲡﺐ ﰲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﻞ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﰲ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﻛﻮ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﻔ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻈ ‪‬ﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٣٨٩/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٣٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﳛﻤﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤١٠/٢‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﺑﺘﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٤٦‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫)ﺹ‪ ،(١٤١-١٤٠‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٣٩٠-٣٨٨/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٣٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺮﻗﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﻠﻮﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٤٠٨/٢‬ﻭ‪" :(٤١٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺫﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﺫﻥ‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﰒ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ‪ ...‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٣٩٩/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪.(٣١/٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻭﺟﻴﺰ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤١٢/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٦‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪- (٤١٩/٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﲝﺮﻭﻓﻪ‪ ،-‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٤٧‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٣٩٤/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٩/٢‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫‪ ١٧٢‬‬

‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻤﻴﺖ ﺳﻨﺔ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ‪ ..‬ﺭﺟﻮﺕ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٦٠‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻋﻄﺲ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ‬
‫‪ -٣٦١‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﺃﺿﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﻬﻢ ﻭﻫﻢ ﺟﻠﻮﺱ‪ ..‬‬
‫ﺃﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٣٦٢‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺳﺠﺪ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺳﺠﺪﺗﲔ ﺃﻡ ﻻ‪ ..‬ﺳﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ]ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ[‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ]ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ[‪ ..‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺳﺠﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺿﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﺳﺠﺪﰐ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﺭﻛﻌ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٦٣‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﺄﻣﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ)‪ (٦‬ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺭﻛﻊ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﰒ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﻗﻀﻰ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺳﺠﻮﺩﻩ‪ ..‬ﺗﺒﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺳﺠﻮﺩﻩ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺮﻛﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ (٧)،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﺒﻌﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻛﻊ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻗﻀﻰ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺭﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺳﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﺴﺠﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﺟﻠﺲ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻓﺘﺸﻬﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪ ..‬ﻗﺎﻡ ﻓﻘﻀﻰ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ‪/١٨)/‬ﺏ( ﺑﺴﺠﻮﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﺖ ﻟﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺿﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻢ ﺳﺠﻮﺩ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ‪/،‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٣٦٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺠﺪ ﻟﻸﻭﱃ ﺣﱴ ﺳﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻼﻫﺎ ﻇﻬ ‪‬ﺮﺍ؛)‪ (١‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻳﺘﻢ)‪ (٢‬ﻟﻪ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﺑﺴﺠﺪﺗﻴﻬﺎ‪ (٣)،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﺒﲏ‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ]ﺑﺴﺠﺪﺗﻴﻬﺎ[ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺳﻼﻡ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤١٩/٢‬ﲝﺮﻭﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٤٧‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٣٩٤/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٢٥/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٤٦‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٤٣٢/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(١٢/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪،(١٣٦‬‬
‫ﻛﱰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٢٩٠/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ،(٣٤٥/٢‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٨٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٢٦/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٤٦‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٣٩‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٤٣٢/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٢/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﻣﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(٤٣٥/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺴﻬﻮ ﰲ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺗﺼﺤﻔﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺇﱃ‪" :‬ﺟﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ" !‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٢٧-٤٢٦/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻓﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٢٧/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٩/٢‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٨٢‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
 ‫‪١٧٣‬‬

‫‪ -٣٦٥‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻪ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻪ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﺇﱐ ﻗﺪ ﺑﺪﻧﺖ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻓﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﺳﺒﻘﻜﻢ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ‪ ..‬ﺗﺪﺭﻛﻮﻧﻪ)‪ (٧‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ‪(٩) (٨)#‬؛ ﻓﺈﳕﺎ ﺃﺑﺎﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻤﺄﻣﻮﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﰲ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣٦٦‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺭﻛﻊ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻳﺴﺠﺪ ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺃﻣﻜﻨﻪ ]ﺃﻥ[ ﻳﺴﺠﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﻬﺮ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻞ‪ ..‬ﺳﺠﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٢٧/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٤٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﲝﺬﻑ "ﺃﻥ" ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٢٧/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٢٦/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٦‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ #‬ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺸﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻛﱪﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺳﻨﻨﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ‬
‫ﺖ‪ ،#‬ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ‪$‬ﺑﺪ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪$ :‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ‪‬ﺭ ﹺﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ‪ ‬ﲰﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻷﰊ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ )‪،(١٥٢/١‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ )‪.(١٠٧/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﺪﺭﻛﻮﱐ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪" :‬ﺗﺪﺭﻛﻮﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ (٣٢٦/٤‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ"‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﺃﻇﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺠﺎﺝ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻠﻬﻤﺎ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ ،.‬ﰒ ﺳﺎﻕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ )‪" :(٣٢٧/٤‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،(٦١٩) ،‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﻻ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﺭﻭﱐ ﺑﺮﻛﻮﻉ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺑﺴﺠﻮﺩ؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﺳﺒﻘﻜﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻛﻌﺖ‪ ..‬ﺗﺪﺭﻛﻮﱐ ﺑﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻓﻌﺖ؛ ﺇﱐ ﻗﺪ ﺑﺪﻧﺖ‪#‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺒﻖ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ‪ ،(٩٦٣) ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪:‬‬
‫ﺣﺴﻦ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻣﻲ )‪ ،(١٣١٥ :٣٤٥/١‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﳝﺔ )‪ ،(١٥٩٤ :٤٤/٣‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ‬
‫)‪ ،(٢٢٢٩ :٦٠٨/٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪.(٣٢٦/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٢٧/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(١٨/٢‬ﻭﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ )‪ (٣٢٧/٤‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺎﻟﺴﻲ )‪ ،(٧٠ :٦٩/١‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٢١٧ :٣٤٢/١‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪:٣٩٨/١‬‬
‫‪ ،(١٥٥٦‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ )‪ ،(١٠٤/٤‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ ،(١٨٣-١٨٢/٣‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ ،(٣٢٧/٤‬ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺷﺘﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﺣﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ!‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺧﻼﺻﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ )‪" :(٨١٥/٢‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻘﻦ ﰲ ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٥٢٩/١‬‬
‫‪ ١٧٤‬‬

‫‪ -٣٦٧‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (١‬ﺧﺎﻑ ﺃﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻛﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﺠﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻛﻊ ﻭﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻊ‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻭﻗﻀﻰ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺳﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺳﺠﺪ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ)‪ ..(٢‬ﭐﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻱ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ ﳑﻦ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫‪ -٣٦٨‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺇﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﺣﺮﻡ ﺑﻘﻮﻡ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺭﻋﻒ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪ ..‬ﺻﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻪ )ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻣﻮﻥ ﻭﱂ‪ (١‬ﻳﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪ -٣٦٩‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺣﲔ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ..‬ﺻﻠﻮﺍ ﻭﺣﺪﺍ‪‬ﻧﺎ؛ ﻓﻤﻦ)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﺑﺴﺠﺪﺗﻴﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﺿﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﺪﺭﻙ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ)‪ (٣‬ﺑﺴﺠﺪﺗﻴﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٢٧/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(١٩/٢‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(١٢٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٢٨/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٤٥‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٤٦/٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﳍﺎ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﻼﻑ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ؛ ﺃﻇﻬﺮﳘﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ..‬ﺟﻮﺍﺯﻩ‪- ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ -‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻵﰐ ﻣﺒﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٤٤٥/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٤/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٣٦‬ﲢﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٨٤/٢‬‬
‫• ﺇﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺘﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﺙ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼﻑ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ )‪ (٤٢١/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪ (٤٤٦/٤‬ﻛﱰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٩١/١‬‬
‫• ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻗﺘﺪﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﺙ؛ ﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺣﻀﺮ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﳍﺎ‪ ..‬ﺻﺢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﻓﻪ ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼﻑ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٤٦/٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﳛﻀﺮ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ‪ ..‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪" .:‬ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ؛ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﻓﻪ‪ ...‬ﻭﺃﺻﺤﻬﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻊ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﲨﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪﻻﱏ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﻗﻮﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻨﻊ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺍﺯ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﻗﺮﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٤٤٦/٤‬ﻛﱰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٩٢/١‬‬
‫• ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱂ ﳛﻀﺮ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﻓﻪ ﻭﲤﺖ ﳍﻢ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪ ،(٤٤٧/٤‬ﻛﱰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٩٢/١‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺪﺭﻙ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺩﺭﻛﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘﻤ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻣﻮﻥ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﲨﻌﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻤﻬﺎ ﲨﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﻤﻬﺎ ﻇﻬﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٤/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٤٤٧/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٣٦‬ﻛﱰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٩٢/١‬‬
 ‫‪١٧٥‬‬

‫‪] -٣٧٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺆﻡ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻬﺪ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﺑﺴﺠﺪﺗﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺼ ﱢﻞ)‪ (٥‬ﻣﻌﻪ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺪﺭﻙ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺆﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻡ‪ ..‬ﺻﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺮﻡ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﺋﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ‪ ..‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﳌﻦ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﺑﺴﺠﺪﺗﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻻ ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺼﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﻭﻳﺴﻠﻢ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺑﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺟﻨﺐ ﺳﺎﻫ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ‪/‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪ -٣٧١‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻴﺪ ﻇﻬ ‪‬ﺮﺍ)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ)‪ (٤‬ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻓﺨﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ)‪ (٥‬ﻭﺻﻠﻰ )ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ‪‬ﻢ‪ (٦‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪..‬‬
‫ﱂ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﲡﺰﺋﻪ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺪ ﲤﺖ ﻟﻠﻤﺄﻣﻮﻣﲔ ]ﻣﺮﺓ[‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺃﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪.(٨) (٧‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻥ ﱂ"‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳑﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٢٨/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٤٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٦/٢‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﺗﺼﺢ ﲨﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﻮﺍ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺣﺎﻝ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﻮ ﺍﻧﻔﺮﺩﻭﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻣﺪﺭﻛﲔ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻀﺮ ﺍﻗﺘﺪﺍﺅﻫﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﲟﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻞ"‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺼﻠﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻁ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﻠﹶﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﺍﻗﺘﺪﻯ ﺑﺎﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺪﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٢٩/٢‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٤٥‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪(١٣٦‬‬
‫ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٩٧/١‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﰎ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺑﻐﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٢٩/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (١٥٤/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٠/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣١١/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٣٤‬ﺍﻟﻜﱰ )‪ (٢٧٦/١‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤٤٤/٢‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(١١٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳛﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻤﺎﺩﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻢ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺑﻨﺎ ًﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻌﺪﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٢٩/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪. (١٥٥/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻣﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ ١٧٦‬‬

‫)‪kNV6 P‬א ‪xd$‬وא‪ R>'B‬وא ‪ (١fR$‬‬

‫‪ -٣٧٢‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ)‪ (٢‬ﻷﻫﻞ ﺍﻵﻓﺎﻕ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻟﻠﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﻠﻰ‪ (٤)،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺎﺯﳍﻢ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺆﺫﻥ ﳍﻢ ]ﺃﻥ[ ﳚﺘﻤﻌﻮﺍ)‪ (٥‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٣٧٣‬ﻭﺃﺳﺘﺤﺐ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺫﻥ ﳍﻢ ﺃﻥ ﳚﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﻏﺴﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٣٧٤‬ﻭﺃﺳﺘﺤﺐ ﳍﻢ ]ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ[ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ)‪(٢‬؛ ﺷﻬﺪﻭﺍ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﻰ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﺸﻬﺪﻭﺍ ﺫﻟﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻐﺴﻞ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺃﻥ ﳛﹺﻴ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎ ﹸﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎ ُﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﻟﻴﻠ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ)‪(٤‬؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭﻯ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻐﻔﺮ ﳍﻢ)‪.(١) (٥‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٧٥‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ"‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﰲ‪/٩) :‬ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(٥١٨/٢‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﺭﺧﺺ ﻷﺣﺪ ﰲ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﳑﻦ ﺗﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‬
‫)ﺹ‪" :(٥٠‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ" ﻭﻋﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٦/٥‬ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻋﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺇﲨﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ؛ ﻓﻴﺘﻌﲔ ﺗﺄﻭﻳﻠﻪ‪ ...‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ..‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﻳﺘﺄﻛﺪ‬
‫ﰲ ﺣﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٥٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٥/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٧٠/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪.(١٤١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(٥١٨/٢‬ﻭﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺴﻮﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﲨﻌﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ" ﻭﺍﻵﻓﺎﻕ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ‪ ،‬ﲨﻊ ﺃﻓﻖ‪ ،‬ﳐﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪ (٣٠‬ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ )ﺹ‪.(٦٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﻓﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ .(٤٩٧/٢‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٨/٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪" :(١٤١‬ﻭﻓﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺤﺮﺍﺀ ﺇﻻ ﻟﻌﺬﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻌﻔﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳚﻤﻌﻮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥١٨/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (٦١٢/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٤١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪(٣٨٦/٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٠/٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٨٨/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٠‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪.(٦١٢/٢‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٧٦/٢‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٨٦/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٧٥/٢‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
 ‫‪١٧٧‬‬

‫‪ -٣٧٦‬ﻭﺃﺳﺘﺤﺐ ﺍﻷﻛﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﻭ)‪ (٢‬ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫‪ -٣٧٧‬ﻭﺃﺣﺐ)‪ (١‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﺗﻰ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ ﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺆﺗﻰ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺪﺍ ُﺀ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻌﺔ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٣٧٨‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﺍﳌﺸﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ)‪(٥‬؛ ﳜﺮﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ)‪ (٦‬ﻣﻦ)‪ (٧‬ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ)‪.(٩) (٨‬‬

‫ﺖ )ﻟﻺﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ()‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺧﻄﺒ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳ ﹺﻦ[ )‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫‪] -٣٧٩‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٨٦-٤٨٥/٢‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺩﺍﺀ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻟﻴﻠﱵ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﳏﺘﺴﺒﹰﺎ‪..‬‬
‫ﱂ ﳝﺖ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﲤﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ!‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪.(١١٨/٥‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻟﻴﻠﱵ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ‪ (١٧٨٢) ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﺔ ‪ ‬ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋ‪‬ﺎ ‪$‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻴﻠﱵ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﳏﺘﺴﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﷲ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳝﺖ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﲤﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ :(٥٢١ :١١/٢‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺟﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ )‪ (١٥٩ :٥٧/١‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ )‪.(٥٢٠ :١١/٢‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹺﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺻ ‪‬ﺢ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺇﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﻟﻴﻠﱵ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩ )‪ ":(٢٤٧/٢‬ﰒ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﺷﻲﺀ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )‪ (٤١-٣٧/٥‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻛﻼﻡ ﲨﻊ ﰲ ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﱪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻔﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻐﲏ )‪.(٣٤٢/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٩٣-٤٩٢/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٧٦/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺳﺘﺤﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺆﺗﻰ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ :‬ﻳﺆﺗﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٥١٨/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٩٥/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٥٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺁﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٩٥/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪(٧٧-٧٦/٢‬‬
‫‪ ١٧٨‬‬

‫‪] -٣٨٠‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨ ﱠﻔ ﹸﻞ ﻗﺒﹶﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨ ﱠﻔ ﹸﻞ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻻ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ[ )‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻬﻮﻱ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٣٨١‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﺳﺒ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺗﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﻭﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑﺓ‬
‫‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺎﻡ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ ﻭﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻬﻮﻱ‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ‬
‫‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻠﺮﻛﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﲬ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺮﻛﻮﻉ)‪.(٧‬‬

‫ﺱ[ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒ ‪‬ﲑ ﺣﲔ ﺗﻐﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ :(١) ‬‬
‫‪ -٣٨٢‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﻈﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ]ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ‪‬‬

‫‪]  ¶  ´ ³ ² ± °‬ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ ،[١٨٥ :‬ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥١٤/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٥١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻡ ﻳﺘﻨﻔﻞ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٩٩-٤٩٨/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪،(٥١‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪" :(١٤١‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻞ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻐﲑ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ‪ (٣٨٣) :‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﳌﺼﻠﻰ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻻ ﺑﻌﺪﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻣﻮﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﻜﺒﲑﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻫﻮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٠٧/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٧١/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺮﻡ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺑﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٨٦/٢‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٠‬ﺣﱴ ﳜﺮﺝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪" :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ :‬ﺣﱴ ﻳﻔﺘﺘﺢ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻗﻴﺲ" ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٧٩/٢‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﺮﻍ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺮﺝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ؟ ﻭﻫﻞ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ‬
‫)‪" :(٦١٤/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻗﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﱪ‬
‫ﲢﺮﻡ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮ‪‬ﻡ؛ ﻓﻌﱪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﲟﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻨﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﲔ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﲢﺮﻣﻪ ﻓﺼﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ– ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ‪ ..‬ﻳﻜﺒ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺮﻯ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﺭﺓ"‪.‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪١٧٩‬‬

‫ﺼﱠﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻠﻮﺳﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ‬

‫ﺼﱠﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒ ‪‬ﲑ ﰲ ﳑﺸﺎﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٨٣‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻈ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻐﺪﻭ ﺇﱃ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻓﻴﻔﺘﺘﺢ ]ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ[ )‪.(١‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻻ‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺣﲔ‬ ‫‪ -٣٨٤‬ﻭﺗﻜﱪ‬
‫ﺴ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻉ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹸﻔ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﺪ‪‬ﻭﻥ ﺇﲰﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٨٥‬ﻭﻳﻐﺪﻭ ]ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ[ ﺇﱃ)‪/١٩)/(٥‬ﺏ( ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ]ﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻗﺪ ﺣﻠﺖ[)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﺣﺐ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺮﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﻰ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﺎﺷ‪‬ﻴﺎ)‪ (١‬ﻣﻈﻬ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺄﰐ ﻣﺼﻼﻩ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺍ ﹴﻝ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٣٨٦‬ﻓﺤﲔ ﻳﺄﰐ‪ ..‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﱢﻠﻲ ﺑﻼ ﹶﺃﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻥ ﻭﻻ ﹺﺇﻗﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺑﺘﻜﺒﲑ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ)‪ (٦‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﻍ ﺧﻄﺐ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺒﻄﺊ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺮ ﻛﺎﻟﻔﻄﺮ؛ ﻟﺸﻐﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺬﺑﺎﺋﺤﻬﻢ)‪.(٨‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﳑﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺁﻩ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ –ﺃﻋﲏ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﲔ ﺍﳉﻮﻳﲏ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻜﱪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﺘﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٨٧-٤٨٦/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٨٠-٧٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻜﱪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺣﻴﺚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٨١/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٩٠/٢‬ﻭﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٧٦/٢‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻜﲑ ﳍﺎ ﻟﻐﲑ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٩٥/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٥٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٧٦/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٠١/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٧٦/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﱪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺘﻮﺍﱄ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥١٠/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٧٢/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺧﻄﺒﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﻛﺎ‪‬ﻧﻬ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻛﺄﺭﻛﺎﹺﻧﻬﹺﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٠٥/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٧٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٩٠/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪(٥١‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﺬﺑﺎﺋﺤﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ١٨٠‬‬

‫‪ -٣٨٧‬ﻭﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺮ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺮ؛ ﻳﻜﱪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻖ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﹸﻛﱢﻠﻬﺎ؛ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬‬
‫]ﻓﻴﻜﱪ ﺧﻠﻔﻬﺎ[ ﰒ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٣٨٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ‪$ :‬ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ‪ ،‬ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ‪] ،‬ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ[‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ‪ ،‬ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻦ[)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻜ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎ ُﺀ ﰲ ﺑﻴﻮ‪‬ﻦ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬‫ﺃﻛﱪ‪ (٣) ،‬ﻭﷲ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ‪] ،#‬ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺯﺍﺩ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٨٩‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﻍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ..‬ﺻﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠﻢ ﻭﺟﻠﺲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﳎﺎﻟﺴﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﻗﺎﻡ ﻓﺨﻄﺐ ﻭﺃﻧﺼﺖ )ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻟﻪ‪.(٦)(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٣٩٠‬ﻭﻳﻜﱪ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺒﺘﺪﺉ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺑﺘﺴﻊ)‪ (٧‬ﺗﻜﺒﲑﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﻜﱪ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺑﺘﻜﺒﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﳜﻄﺐ ﻭﻳﻨﺼﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ]ﻟﻪ[‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﻍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ..‬ﺟﻠﺲ ﺟﻠﺴ ﹰﺔ ﺧﻔﻴﻔ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻡ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻜ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹺﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻄﺒ ‪‬ﺔ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﻊ ﺗﻜﺒﲑﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻜ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺑﺘﻜﺒﲑﻩ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﺍﳌﻘﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺻﺒﺢ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻖ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥١٩/٢‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥١‬ﻭﺩﻟﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ "ﻭﺑﻠﻐﻨﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺻﻼﺓ ﲟﲎ؛ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﳍﻢ ﺗﺒﻊ" ‪-‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻟﻠﺤﺠﺎﺝ‪ ،-‬ﻭﰲ ﻗﻮ ﹴﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺒﺢ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﳜﺘﻢ ﺑﻌﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﳏﻴﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪﻻﱐ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪ :‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ" ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﶈﻘﻘﲔ؛ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ"‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٨٠/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣١٤/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﻲ‪" :‬ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ‪ ،‬ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ‪ ،‬ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ‪ ،‬ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺃﻛﱪ‪ ،‬ﻭﷲ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ"‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٨١/٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ "ﻭﺻﻴﻐﺘﻪ ﺍﶈﺒﻮﺑﺔ" ﰒ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" (٥٢٠/٢‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﻮﳍﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٢٠/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٨١/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٤٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٨١/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٠٥/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٧٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥١٢/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٥١‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣١١/١‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ‪$‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ #‬ﺟﻠﻮﺳﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﰲ ‪$‬ﺍﻷﻡ‪ #‬ﺍﻻﻧﺼﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺴﺒﻊ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪١٨١‬‬

‫ﺼﱠﻠﻰ ﺃﻭ ]ﺻﻠﻮﺍ[ ﰲ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎ ِﺀ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﺘﺴﻠﻮﺍ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ؛ ﺷﻬﺪﻭﺍ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٩١‬ﻭﹶﺃﺧﺘﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﻟﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﻮ‪‬ﻢ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫‪kNV6 P‬א ‪zxd$‬وא‪ (٥)xQ [D48I‬‬

‫‪ -٣٩٢‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﻬﺪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﺍﻥ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﺭﺃﻭﺍ ﺍﳍﻼﻝ‪ ..‬ﺃﻓﻄﺮ‬
‫ﻱ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ّ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪّﻻ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻝ‪ ..‬ﺻﻠﻮﺍ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﺪ‪‬ﻻ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﺰﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺼﻠﻮﺍ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺫﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ../‬ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺎﺩ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻛﺎﻟﻮﺗﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ ‪..‬ﱂ ﻳﻌﺎﺩ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻛﺮﻛﻌﱵ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺯﺍﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﺗﻌﺎﺩ)‪،(٢) (١‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻟﻜﺴﻮﻑ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺴﻘﺎﺀ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺫﻫﺐ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻌﺎﺩ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰒ ﻳﻜﱪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺧﻄﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥١٤/٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣١٢/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰲ )‪/٨٣‬ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺇﻥ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻊ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٨٢/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ‬
‫)‪ (٦٢٩/٢‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٥٥/٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٠٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٨٢/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (٦٣٠/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٢‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٥٥/٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(٤٠١/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ..‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﺎﺋﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺸﺮﻉ ﻗﻀﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﻣﱴ ﺷﺎﺀ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪٦٣٠/٢‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ (٣٤٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٥٣٢/٣‬ﻭ)‪ (٣٤/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٣٧/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪١٢١/٢‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ (٤٠١‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٣٧/٢‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٠٥/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﺺ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٨٢/٢‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٥٣٢/٣‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﻗﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻀﻴﺖ ﻓﻬﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻡ ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺎﹰ؟ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ ..‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺆﻗﺖ ﻓﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻣﱴ ﺷﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻋﺘﻨﺎ ٍﺀ ﺑﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪" (٦٢٨/٢‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٣٧/٢‬ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﺃﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٥٣٢/٣‬ﻭ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ‬
‫)‪.(٣٤٤/٢‬‬
‫‪ ١٨٢‬‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺋﻲ ﻫﻼﻝ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻜ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﻓﺮﺍﺩﻯ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ)‪ (٥‬ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٣٩٣‬ﻭﺃﺣﺐ‪/‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻝ ]ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ[‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﻄﻌﻮﺍ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻔﺘﺘﺢ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﻭﻛﻴﻠﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓـ]ﺻﻼﺓ[)ﺯ( ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺘﺘﺤﻮﺍ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪ -٣٩٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ‬
‫ﺻﻼﺓ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺓ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺼﱠﻠﻰ)‪ (٤‬ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳉ‪‬ﺒﺎﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﻭﰲ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٣٩٥‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ]ﺻﻼﺓ[ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﺠﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫‪(٨‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺼﱠﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺴﻘﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﲔ )ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺮ‬
‫‪ -٣٩٦‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﱄ‪) ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﱄ‪ ،(٩‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﱡﻠﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻣﺜ ﹶﻞ ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻮﻑ)‪.(١٠‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺃ ﻭ ﺏ ﻭ ﻡ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٣٧/٢‬ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﺃﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﻌﻞ ﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻋﺎﺭﺽ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٥٣٢/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٣٧/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪ .(١٢٢/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪.(٣٤٥/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٨٣‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﻘﻄﻌﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٨٦/٢‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﺣﱴ ﳜﺮﺝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﺼﻼﺓ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻣﺖ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٨٤/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺼﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﳉﺒ‪‬ﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ ﹶ‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫ﳉﺒ‪‬ﺎﻧﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪.(٩٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺍ ﹶ‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﰲ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٨٦-٣٨٥/٢‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٥٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٧٥/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٤١‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(٤٨/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﱄ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٨٦/٢‬‬
 ‫‪١٨٣‬‬

‫ﺨﻄﺒﺔ‪ ،(١‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﱄ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﱄ‪..‬‬

‫‪ -٣٩٧‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻜﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ) ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻜﱢﻠﻤﻬﻢ ﹺﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﺮﻫﺖ ]ﺫﻟﻚ[ ﻟﻪ؛ )ﻟﻠﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﻻ ﻟﻐﲑﻩ‪.(٣) (٢‬‬
‫ﺼﱠﻠﻰ ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳ ﹺﻦ ﻭﻻ ﺑﻌﺪﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻣﻮﻥ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺼﱢﻠﻲ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﺎ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٩٨‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪] -٣٩٩‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺑﺪﺃ ﺑﺎﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ..‬ﺭﺃﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳋﻄﺒ ﹶﺔ[‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩ ﹲﺓ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٤٠٠‬ﻭﳜﻄﺐ ﺧﻄﺒﺘﲔ ﳚﻠﺲ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﳚﻠﺲ)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٤٠١‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻜ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﺳﺒ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﻭﲬ ‪‬‬
‫‪(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٤٠٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺃ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺻﻼ ﹶﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ‪ ..‬ﹶﻛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﻟﻠﺪﺧﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﻔﺘﺘﺢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻔﺘﺘﺢ )ﰲ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ)‪ $ :(٦‬ﻭﺟ‪‬ﻬﺖ ﻭﺟ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻲ‪ ،(٧)#...‬ﰒ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻜ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﺳﺒ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﺳﻮﻯ)‪ (٨‬ﺗﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺑﺄﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭ ‬

‫‪ ،(٩) DC BA‬ﰒ )ﻳﺮﻛﻊ ﻭﻳﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺘﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﰒ ﻛﱪ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﲞﻄﺒﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﻻ ﻏﲑﻩ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٨٦/٢‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٩/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٧٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻣﲔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻘﺮﺓ )‪.(-٣٨٠‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٩٩-٤٩٨/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٥١٢/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٥١٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺘﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬ﻌﺒ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺟ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻱ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ‪ A‬ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥١٠/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٤١‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪.(٥٤١/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﻛﻊ ﻭﺳﺠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ١٨٤‬‬

‫ﺴﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺑﺄﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭ  
)‪ (١‬ﰒ )ﻳﺮﻛﻊ ﻭﻳﺴﺠﺪ‪ (٢‬ﻭﻳﻘﻒ ﺑﲔ ﻛﻞ ﺗﻜﺒﲑ ‪‬ﺓ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ‬
‫ﲬ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺀ ‪‬ﺓ ﺁﻳ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻗﺼﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻬﱢﻠ ﹸﻞ ﺍ َ‬
‫‪ -٤٠٣‬ﻭﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﹶﻛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ‪] ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻛﻊ[‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ﺭﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﰲ ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ ﺗﻜﺒﲑ ‪‬ﺓ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٤٠٤‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪/٢٠)/‬ﺏ( ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺯﺓ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﹶﻛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﻟﺴﺠﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ)‪] (٣‬ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺪﺍ[‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﻞ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﻑ)‪ (٦‬ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻭﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﺴﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ)‪ (٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﰲ ﺳﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ..‬‬
‫‪ -٤٠٥‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﺍﳋﺴﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ‪..‬‬
‫ﺠ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺑﺪﺃ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﻓﻔﺮﻍ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﳋﺴﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺫﻫﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﳋﺴﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍ ﹺﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ)‪ (٨‬ﻭﺧﻄﺐ ﳍﻤﺎ ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﺴﻮ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﺤ ﱡﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹸﺓ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺫ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻤﻦ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٤٠٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (١‬ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ ﹲﺔ ﰲ ﻳﻮ ﹴﻡ‪ ..‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺣﲔ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻏ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﺮ ﹶﺃﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳌﺼ ﹺﺮ)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺼﺮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺇﱃ ﹶﺃﻫﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺅﻭﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﻮﺩﻭﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ]ﻫﺬﺍ[‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﻟﻪ )‪ (٤‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍ ﹸ‬
‫ﳉ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺔ)‪.(٥‬‬ ‫ﻷﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺼﺮ)‪(٣‬؛ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﺬ ﹴﺭ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻱ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥١٠/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٤١‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪.(٥٤١/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﻛﻊ ﻭﺳﺠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٠٧/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٧٢-٧١/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٤١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٠٩/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٧٢/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٤١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٠٩/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٢٥/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٠٩/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١١٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٠٩/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١١٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٥٠٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻮﻑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻮﻑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻓﺮﻍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﺨﺴﻮﻑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥١٧/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٨٨/٢‬‬
 ‫‪١٨٥‬‬

‫ﺺ َﻷﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﰲ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻤﻦ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ)‪.(٨) (٧‬‬
‫‪ -٤٠٧‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬‬

‫‪fDm6 P‬א(‪$R‬وא ‪ (١)xd$‬‬

‫‪ -٤٠٨‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪$ : ‬ﹺﺇﺫﹶﺍ‬
‫ﺟ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﻛﹸﻢ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﺘﺴِﻞ‪ (٣)#‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﳑﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ‪ (٤)/‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﺗﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻏﺴﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪) -٤٠٩‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﺘﺴﻞ‪ (٦‬ﻟﻠﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭ)‪ ،(٨) (٧‬ﻭﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٤١٠‬ﰒ ﳜﻄﺐ ﻭﻳﻨﺼﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻟﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﻘﻄﻊ ﺗﻜﺒﲑﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺼﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺼﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻣﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥١٦/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٧٩/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٧٩‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﻘﺖ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﰲ )‪/٩‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺯﺍﺩ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪) :‬ﺇﱃ( ﻭﻫﻮ ﻟﻔﻆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٩‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٢٨/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻐﺘﺴﻠﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻐﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻭﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻭﻗﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٧٦-٧٥/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٩٣-٣٩٢/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٢٩/٢‬‬
‫‪ ١٨٦‬‬

‫‪ -٤١١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﻬﻰ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﻭ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ]ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ[ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ‪ ..‬ﻣﻀﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻳﻨﺴﻴﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ‪..‬‬
‫ﺴﻬﻤﺎ‪] ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﻤﺪﺍ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﳘﺎ[)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺼﱢﻠﻴﺎﻥ[ ﻷﻧ ﹸﻔ ِ‬
‫]ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺼﱠﻠﻰ ﻭ ﹶﻛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﺳﺒ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﻭﲬ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٤١٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ‪ ..‬ﺻﻠﻰ)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﻳﺪﻧﻮ)‪ (٣‬ﺇﱃ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻓﺴﻤﻊ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٤١٣‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﻍ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﺒﺘﻪ‪ ..‬ﺍﻧﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﱵ)‪ (٢‬ﻏﺪﺍ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪kNV6 P‬א‪ 0DX‬‬

‫‪ -٤١٤‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳋﺴﻮﻑ ﺳﻨﺔ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٤١٥‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺧﺴﻔﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ‪ ..‬ﻧﻮﺩﻱ)‪$ :(٤‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‪.(٥)#‬‬
‫‪ -٤١٦‬ﻭﺧﺮﺝ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ)‪ (٢‬ﰒ‪ /‬ﺟﺎﺀ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺃﺫﺍﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺗﻌﻤ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﳘﺎ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٠٧/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٤/٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٩٠/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻮ ﺷﺮﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﰒ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ‪ ..‬ﻣﻀﻰ ﰲ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺄﺕ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ :‬ﻳﺄﰐ ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺮﻛﻊ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٤/٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٩٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺼﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٩/٥‬ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻧﻘﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪﻧﻴﺠﻲ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﻰ‪ ..‬ﺟﻠﺲ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﻊ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻴﺔ ﰒ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﻍ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻓﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺻﻼﻫﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻷﺻﺢ ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺗﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٧٤/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٩/٥‬ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪﻧﻴﺠﻲ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥١٨/٢‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﻠﺲ ﻟﺴﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﻍ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﺒﺘﻪ‪ ..‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٥١/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٨٣/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٤٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﺎﺩﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٣٢/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٢‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٥٥‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٥١/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٨٥/٢‬‬
 ‫‪١٨٧‬‬

‫ﺗﻜﺒﲑ ﹰﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹰﺓ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺮﺃ ﺑﺄﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﳓ ﹴﻮ ﻣﻦ ‪$‬ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ #‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺮﺍ)‪ ،(٦‬ﰒ ﺭﻛﻊ‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٤١٧‬ﻓ ﹶﻜ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺛﺒﺖ)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫‪(٢)(١‬‬
‫ﻼ ﳓ ‪‬ﻮﺍ)‪ (١‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﰒ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ )ﺑﺴﻤﻊ ﺍﷲ ﳌﻦ ﲪﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺭﻛﻮ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ﻃﻮﻳ ﹰ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﳜﺮﺝ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٥١/٥‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٥١/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺄ‪‬ﺎ "ﺩﺧﻞ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٥٣٢/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﱪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﻛﺴﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺧﺴﻮﻑ‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﺗﺼﺮﳛﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ )‪ (-٤٢٧‬ﺃﻧﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﳚﻬﺮ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪" :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ‬
‫ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻃﺮﻗﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٥٧/٥‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪،(٥٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪.(٥٦٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳓﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﻴﺢ ﻧﺼ‪‬ﺎﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﺒﺢ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٥٤/٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﺒﺢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺪﺭ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺁﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﺛﻠﺜﻲ ﺭﻛﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﲬﺴﲔ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٥٣٢/٢‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻵﰐ ﻗﺮﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٥٢‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺭﻛﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٥٤/٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﺁﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٥٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ ،(٦٣٦/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ ،(٨٤/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٤٣‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٥٩/٣‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ :(٥٥/٥‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﰲ ﺿﺒﻄﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺁﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﺁﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ ﺍﻹﺳﻔﺮﺍﻳﻴﲏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺰﺍﱄ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﻗﺪﺭ ﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﺁﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺯﻱ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﲬﺲ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺁﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻔﺺ ﺍﻷ‪‬ﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬
‫ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ"‪ .‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﺛﻠﺜﻲ ﺭﻛﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪" :(٦٣٦/٢‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﺒﺢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﲟﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺁﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﺒﺢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﲟﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺛﻠﺜﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﻒ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺛﻠﺜﻲ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻗﻞ‬
‫ﺏ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﲢﺮﻳﻒ؛ ﻓﻠﻌﻠﻪ ﺭﺃﻯ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻓﺤﺴﺒﻪ ﺛﻠﺜﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ ١٨٨‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻼ ﳓ ‪‬ﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﺑﺄﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﳓ ﹴﻮ)‪ (٥‬ﻣﻦ ‪]$‬ﺳﻮﺭﺓ[ ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪ (٦)#‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺮﻛﻊ)‪ (١‬ﺭﻛﻮ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ﻃﻮﻳ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺮﺃ)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﲰﻊ ﺍﷲ ﳌﻦ ﲪﺪﻩ‪ ،#‬ﰒ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﺳﺎﺟ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻓﺴﺠﺪ ﺳﺠﺪﺗﲔ ﺗﺎ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﰒ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻓﻘﺮﺃ ﺑﺄﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﳓ ﹴﻮ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﳑﺎ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺭﻛﻮﻋﻪ‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺘﲔ‪] ،‬ﻳﻘﻴﻢ[ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺳﺠﺪﺓ ﳓ ‪‬ﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﺑﺴﻤﻊ ﺍﷲ ﳌﻦ ﲪﺪﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﻼ ﳓ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺭﻓﻊ‬
‫‪$‬ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ #‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺭﻛﻊ ﺭﻛﻮ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ﻃﻮﻳ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﳓ ‪‬ﻮﺍ)‪ (٢‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﺍ َﺀﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﰒ)‪ (٧‬ﺛﺒﺖ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﰒ ﻗﺮﺃ ﳓ ‪‬ﻮﺍ)‪ (١‬ﻣﻦ ‪$‬ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ #‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺭﻛﻊ ﺭﻛﻮ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ﻃﻮﻳ ﹰ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺘﻜﺒﲑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٥٧/٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ"‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺜﺒﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺮﺃ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﳓﻮ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮ ﹶﺓ ﺃﻭ ﳓﻮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﻧﺼﺎﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﻧﺼﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ ﳓﻮ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﰱ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﳓﻮ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﰱ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﳓﻮ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻭﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺁﺧﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻣﺎﺋﱵ ﺁﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ ..‬ﻗﺪﺭ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﰱ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﻗﺪﺭ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﲔ ﻭﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﺑﻨﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﲨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺳﺎﻧﻴﲔ ﺑﻨﺺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﶈﻘﻘﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎ ﳏﻘﻘﹰﺎ ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻟﻠﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﺑﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪،(٥٢‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٥٤/٥‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٣٧٤-٣٧٣/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٨٤/٢‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٥٩/٣‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(٥٦٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﻛﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳓﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳓﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٣‬ﻭﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٥٥/٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻧﺼﻪ ﲝﺮﻭﻓﻪ" ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻔﻆ‬
‫"ﻳﻘﻴﻢ"‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ‪" :‬ﻳﺴﺠﺪ" ﺑﺪﻝ "ﻓﺴﺠﺪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳓﻮ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺮﻓﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪١٨٩‬‬

‫ﺭﻓﻊ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪$‬ﲰﻊ ﺍﷲ ﳌﻦ ﲪﺪﻩ‪ ،#‬ﰒ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﺳﺎﺟ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺠﺪ)‪ (٣‬ﺳﺠﺪﺗﲔ ﺗﺎ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺘﲔ‪] ،‬ﻳﻘﻴﻢ[ ﰲ‬
‫ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ ﺳﺠﺪ ‪‬ﺓ )ﳓ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﳑﺎ‪ (٤‬ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺭﻛﻮﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﺸﻬﺪ ﻭﺩﻋﺎ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﷲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺏﺍِ‬
‫ﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧ ‪‬ﻮﻓﻬﻢ ﻋﻘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ؛ ﻓﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﺛﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫ ﱠﻛ ‪‬ﺮﻫﻢ ﺍ َ‬
‫‪ -٤١٨‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﻍ‪ ..‬ﺧﻄ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﺟﻞ ﺛﻨﺎﺅﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﺰﻭﻉ ﻋﻦ ﳏﺎﺭﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﻮﺍﻓﻞ ﺍﳋﲑ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺼﱠﻠﻰ ﳋﺴﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﻣﱴ ﺧﺴﻒ ‪‬ﻤﺎ؛ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﻭﰲ ﻛﻞ‬
‫‪ -٤١٩‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺣﲔ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺘﺎ)‪ (٢‬ﺑﻨﺎﻓﻠﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺍﺟﺒﺘﲔ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺳﻨﺔ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٤٢٠‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ)‪ (٥) (٤‬ﻣﺜ ﹶﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻘﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﺳﻮﺍ ًﺀ؛ ]ﺇﻥ[‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﱂ ﺗﻨﺠﻞ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳒﻠﺖ‪ ..‬ﺻﻼﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭ ‪‬ﺧ ﱠﻔ ﹶﻔﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ)‪ (٨‬ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ)‪.(٩‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳓﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳓﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰒ ﺳﺠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳓﻮ ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٢‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٥٥‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٥٤/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٥٨/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٨٥/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻓﺘﺴﻦ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻫﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٢‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٥٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪(٨٣/٢‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٦٦-٦٥/٥‬ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٦١/٣‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪.(٥٦٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﻨﺠﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺻﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٦٦/٥‬ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﲟﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ١٩٠‬‬

‫‪ -٤٢١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ)‪ ..(١‬ﱂ )ﻳﻌﺘﺪ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،(٣)(٢‬ﻭﻗﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻃﻮ‪‬ﻟﻬﺎ ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺴﱢﻠﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻹﺣﺮﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻼﻫﺎ)‪ (١‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﱂ ﺗﻨﺠﻞ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳒﻠﺖ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘﻬﺎ ﻭ ‪‬ﺧ ﱠﻔ ﹶﻔﻬﺎ)‪.(٣) (٢‬‬
‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ )ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﻭﻳﺲ‪@ :(٥‬ﺍﳋﺴﻮﻑ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟ ﹸﻜ ﱡﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫‪ | -٤٢٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺴﻮﻑ‪/٢١)/:‬ﺏ( ﺃﻥ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ!)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﻕ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﺭﻳﺦ!)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﻕ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﺬ ‪‬‬
‫‪ | -٤٢٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ)‪ :(٧‬ﻭﲰﻌﺘﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪@ :‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﺬ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﻛﻌﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻘﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻱ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﲢﺴﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ .(٦١/٣‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٥٦‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪.(٥٦٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﱂ ﺗﻨﺠﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺼﻼﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٦٦/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ ﻛﻼ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺘﲔ؛ )ﺃ( ﻭ )ﻡ(‪" :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﻭﻳﺲ"‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﻭﻳﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﻭﻳﺲ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٦٧‬ﻭﻭﻻﺩﺓ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٥‬ﺃﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺑﻨﺤﻮ ﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﺻﺮ‪‬ﺡ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻤﺎﻉ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﻻ ﺍﻷﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ ﺻﻮﺑﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﺖ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻣﺲ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ )‪ (٣٦٥/٤‬ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ " :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﻭﻳﺲ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﺴﻮﻑ‪ :‬ﺫﻫﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺴﻮﻑ‪ :‬ﺫﻫﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﺴﺒﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٤‬ﻭﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪ (١٩٩/٢٣‬ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪.(٥٥٨/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤﻠ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺬﹾﻕ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻜﺒ‪‬ﺎﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺟﻮﻥ ﲟﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﴰﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺬﹾﻕ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻠﺔ ﹺﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )ﺹ‪ ،(٣٢٥‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(١٢٧/٢٦‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻤﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪ :‬ﲨﻊ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻤﺮ‪‬ﻭﺥ ﻭ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻤﺮ‪‬ﺍﺥ ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺜﻜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﺐ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )ﺹ‪،(٢٦٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٢٨٤/٧‬‬
 ‫‪١٩١‬‬

‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﭐ ﹾﻃ ‪‬ﻤﺲ‪ :‬ﻣﺢ)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ﺏ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﹸﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪ | -٤٢٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ)‪ :(١‬ﻭﲰﻌﺘﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﹸﺍ ﹾﻃﹸﻠ ﹺ‬

‫‪kNV6 P‬א `‪ (٢)0D‬‬

‫ﻑ ﻓﻴﻜﱪ ﰒ‬ ‫‪) -٤٢٥‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ (٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﰲ ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻔﺘﺘﺢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻔﺘﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪-‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ‪ -‬ﺑﺄﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ )ﻭﺑﻨﺤﻮ ﻣﻦ‪ (٤‬ﺳﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ ﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳛﻔ ﹸﻈﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﳛﻔﻈﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺮﻛﻊ ﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺭﻛﻮ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﰒ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﺑـ»ﲰﻊ ﺍﷲ ﳌﻦ ﲪﺪﻩ« ﰒ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺑﺄﻡ‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﻭ)‪ (٥‬ﳚﻌﻞ ﺭﻛﻮﻋﻪ ﻗﺪﺭ ]ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ[ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺁﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﰒ ﻳﺮﻛﻊ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﺛﻠﺜﻲ ﺭﻛﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ)‪ ،(٩‬ﰒ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﻓﻴﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺋﱵ ﺁﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﻗﺪﺭ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻘﺮﺃ ﺑﺄﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﻗﺪﺭ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﺁﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺮﻛﻊ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺁﻳﺔ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ‪ :‬ﳏﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ﻟﻴ‪‬ﻔﺴ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺧﻄﱠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﲔ‪ :‬ﺃﺻﻞ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻛﺄﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺏ ﻳ‪‬ﻄ‪‬ﻠﺴ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻃ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﹶﻃﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻼﻣﺴﺔ‪ ...‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﻃﻠﺴﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺇﺫﺍ ﳏﻮﺗﻪ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ )ﺹ‪ ،(٥٩٨‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٢٠١/١٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺘﲔ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻣﺢ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻠﻬﺎ‪" :‬ﺍﻣﺢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺱ‪ .‬ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(١١٠/٧‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﻭﺃﹶﻣ ‪‬ﺢ‪ ،‬ﺃﹶﻱ‪ :‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻜﺘ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ "ﹸﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺢ"‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺼﺪﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺘﲔ ﺃﻥ)‪ (٣‬ﻳﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ "ﻃﻠﺲ" ﻳﺘﻌﺪﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭ"ﻃﻤﺲ" ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻌﺪﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻃﻤﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻃﻤﺲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺃﺩﺭﻱ ﻣﺎ ﻣﺮﺍﺩﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺱ ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﻣﺤ‪‬ﻰ ﻭﺯﺍﻝ ﹶﺃﹶﺛ ‪‬ﺮﻩ‪ .‬ﻭ ﹶﻃﻤ‪‬ﺴﺘ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺲ ﹸﻃﻤ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺳﺎ‪ :‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻄ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻄ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﻭﺍﻻ ‪‬ﻣﺤ‪‬ﺎﺀُ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﹶﻃ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪﺭ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻄﱡﻤﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﺃﹶﺛﺮ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌﺪ‪‬ﻯ ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌﺪ‪‬ﻯ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﲔ‪ :‬ﺃﺻﻞ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﻮ‬ ‫ﻃﹶﻤﺴﹰﺎ ‪ :‬ﻣ‪‬ﺤﻮﺗ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺃﺯﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﻭﻣﺴﺤﻪ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ )ﺹ‪ ،(٦٠٠‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٢٠٧/١٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﰲ‪/٨٤) :‬ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭﻏﲑ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻭﺑﻨﺠﻮﻡ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰒ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺺ ﺁﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﻴﺢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺑﻘﺪﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻣﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫‪ ١٩٢‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﺑـ»ﲰﻊ ﺍﷲ ﳌﻦ ﲪﺪﻩ« ﻭﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺑﺄﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺁﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺮﻛﻊ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ‬
‫ﲬﺴﲔ ﺁﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﻓﻴﺴﺠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺮﺃ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﺑﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪ -٤٢٦‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭﻯ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺮﺃ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻪ‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺤ ﹴﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﹸﻛﱢﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺭﻛﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺭﻛﻊ)‪ (٧‬ﺑﻨﺤ ﹴﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻻ‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫‪] -٤٢٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ[‪ :‬ﻭﺻﻼﺓ ﻛﺴﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﻛﺼﻼﺓ ﻛﺴﻮﻑ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﳚﻬﺮ ﰲ ﻛﺴﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﳜﻄﺐ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﳋﺴﻮﻑ ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ﻭﻟﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺧﻄﺒﺘﲔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﳜﻄﺐ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﻠﻮﺍ‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ‪ ..‬ﺃﻥ ﳜﻄﺐ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﺣﺪﻫﻢ‪/‬‬
‫ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﳋﺴﻮﻑ)‪.(١٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ‪ ، ‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻮﻑ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻮﻑ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫)‪ ،(١٠٥٢‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻮﻑ ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‪.(٩٠٧) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳓﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺮﻛﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳓﻮ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺮﻓﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺮﻛﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺧﺴﻮﻑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ )‪.(-٤١٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺧﻄﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٣‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪.(٥٦٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٨٤‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٥٨/٥‬‬
 ‫‪١٩٣‬‬

‫ﻒ‪..‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٤٢٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳋﺴﻮﻑ ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ)‪(١‬؛ ﻓﺨﺎﻑ ﻓﻮ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﺑﺪﺃ ﺑﺎﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺪﺃ)‪ (٣‬ﺑﺎﳋﺴﻮﻑ ﰒ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﰒ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ)‪.(٢) (١‬‬
‫‪ -٤٢٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳋﺴﻮﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﳉﻨﺎﺯﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺴﻘﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﺑﺪﺃ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺎﺯﺓ ﰒ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻮﻑ ﰒ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻳﻔﻮﺕ ﻭﻗ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﰒ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺴﻘﺎﺀ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺴﻘﺎﺀ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﳝﻄﺮﻭﺍ‪ ..‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ‪/‬‬
‫ﺧﻄﺐ )ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﻛﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻦ‪ (٥‬ﺧﻄﺒ ﹰﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹰﺓ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻪ‪،‬‬
‫‪ -٤٣٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻮﻑ‪ ..‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﻍ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺀ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺭﻛﻌﺘﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺳﺠﺪﺗﻴﻬﺎ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﳌﺎ ﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﺭﻛﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ)‪ ..(٧‬ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻉ ﺭﻛﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﻭﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﺳﺠﻮﺩﻫﺎ‪ -‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﺪ‬ ‫] ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ[ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺭ ﹾﻛﻬﺎ‪- ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﺟ ﹴﻞ ]ﻓﺎﺗﻪ[ ﺭﻛﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ ﻭﻳﺒﺘﺪﺉ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤٣١‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﹰﺎ)‪ ..(٨‬ﱂ ﻳﻌﺘﺪ ﺑﺘﻠﻚ)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺄﻧﻒ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﺑﺪﳍﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺭﻓﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﻛﻊ ﳍﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ..‬ﺃﻟﻐﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺿﺎﻑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺭﻛﻌﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰒ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٥٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪.(٥٦٦/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٢٢‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﻓﻼ"‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻢ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٣‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪.(١٥٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﺇﻣﺎﻡ"‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻭﱂ"‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫‪ ١٩٤‬‬

‫ﻼ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺇﻣﺎ ﹴﻡ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺁ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﰲ ﺭﻛﻌ ‪‬ﺔ‬
‫‪] -٤٣٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ‬‫ﻣﻦ ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻮﻑ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ؛ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻗﻀﺎﻫﺎ‪) ..‬ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ()‪ (٢‬ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺴﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮ ﹺﻡ ﻭﺇﻥ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﻷﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ )ﻫﺬ()‪ (١‬ﻓﻴﻘﻀﻲ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳋﺴﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ؛ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﺎﻥ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﳌﺎ ﻓﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺭﻛﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﻓﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ[‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺄﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻧﺴﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﰲ ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٤٣٣‬ﻭﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺘﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﲔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﺘﻠﻚ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ)‪- ،(٤‬ﻛﺎﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٥‬ﻧﺴﻲ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﰲ )‪ (٦‬ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ -‬ﻭﺳﺠﺪ‬
‫ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﺃﺗﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﻛﻮﻋﲔ)‪.(٨‬‬

‫‪kNV6 P‬א‪ (٩)Q [D48I‬‬

‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺴﻘﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﳜﺮﺝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻣﱰﻟﻪ‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٤٣٤‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺻﻼﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺷ‪‬ﻴﺎ)‪ (١١‬ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺿ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪ (١‬ﻣﺘﺒﺬ ﹰﻻ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻣﺘﻜﹰﺌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﺱ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺼﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﱠﻠﻰ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺭﻛﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺭﻛﻮﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﰲ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺘﲔ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺳﻼﻣﻪ‪ ..‬ﻗﺎﻡ ﻭﺃﺗﻰ ﺑﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪،‬‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻛﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺭﻛﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺭﻛﻮﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ..‬ﺭﻛﻊ ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ِ‬
‫ﺭﻛﻮﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻸﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘﻤ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﺮﻛﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﹸﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ‪" :‬ﻓﻘﺪﻡ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻮﺑﺘﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻮﺑﺘﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻋﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٥٣٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﱵ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻛﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺏ "ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﰲ )‪/١٠‬ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﰲ ﺻﻼﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٥٤١/٢‬‬
 ‫‪١٩٥‬‬

‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺼﻠﻲ ‪‬ﻢ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ؛ ﻳﻜﱪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺑﺴﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﱪ ﰲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٤٣٥‬ﻓﻴﺘﻘﺪﻡ‬
‫ﲞﻤﺲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ً‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﻬﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ)‪ (١‬ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٤٣٦‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﻍ ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ..‬ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﳋﻄﺒﺔ)‪ (٣‬ﻭﺟﻠﺲ ﰒ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﰲ ﺧﻄﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺴﻮﻑ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﻮﻛﺄ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺱ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺎ ﻓﺨﻄﺐ ﰒ ﺟﻠﺲ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻓﺨﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٤٣٧‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﻍ‪ ..‬ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﺑﻮﺟﻬﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻝ ﻇﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪/٢٢)/‬ﺏ( ﻭﺩﻋﺎ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٤٣٨‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺭﺩﺍ َﺀ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻷﺳﻔﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﺍﻷﳝﻦ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﳝﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻋﺎ ﺍ َ‬
‫ﷲ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎﺭ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﺱ ﹶﺃﺭﺩ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬﻢ؛ ﺃﺳﻔﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻋﻼﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﳝﻦ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﳝﻦ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٤٣٩‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٤٤٠‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ ﰲ ﲢﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺍﺀ‪) :‬ﺍﻷﳝﻦ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ ﻭﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﳝﻦ‪ (١‬ﻓﻘﻂ)‪) ،(٢‬ﻗﻌﻮ ‪‬ﺩﺍ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮﻥ‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺩﻋﻮﺍ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮﻭﺍ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٥٤١/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٤١/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٣‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٥٧‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٧٥/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺘﻘﺪﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺍﻷﻭﱃ" !‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٤٥/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٤‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٥٨‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٧٦/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٩٢/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﺨﻄﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٥٤٦/٢‬ﻭ‪ (٥٤٩‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٤‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٨٢/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٤٩/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٤‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٨٣/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٤٩/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٥٤‬‬
‫ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻷﳝﻦ‪ ..‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘﻪ ﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻌﻜﺲ‪ ..‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻞ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﺃﺳﻔﻠﻪ ‪ ..‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻞ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﻴﺲ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ؟ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺩﺍﺅﻩ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭﺭ‪‬ﺍ ‪-‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻘﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﺜﻠﺚ‪ ..-‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﻔﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ -:‬ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﻧﻜﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ -:‬ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٨٤/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٤٩/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٨٤/٥‬‬
‫‪ ١٩٦‬‬

‫‪ -٤٤١‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﻍ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻋﺎﺋﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻮﺟﻬﻪ؛ ﻓﻮﻋﻈﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﻧﻮﺍﻓﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳋﲑ ﻭ‪‬ﺎﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻧﺼﺮﺍﻓﻪ)‪.(١) (٤‬‬

‫‪kNV6 P‬א‪ (٢)0X‬‬

‫‪) -٤٤٢‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ (٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺻﻼ ﹸﺓ ﺍﳋﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺑﺄﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻥ ﻭﺇﻗﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺔ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺮﻳﻀﺔ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٤٤٣‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪ ..‬ﺗ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻭﻃﺎﺋﻔ ﹲﺔ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﻃﺎﺋﻔ ﹰﺔ ﹺﻭﺟﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺪ ‪‬ﻭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺼﱠﻠﻰ)‪ (٥‬ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ)‪ (٦‬ﻣﻌﻪ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ)‪ ..(٧‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺣﻀﺮﻳﲔ)‪ ..(٨‬ﻓﺮﻛﻌﺘﲔ)‪،(٩‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ‪ ..‬ﻓﺮﻛﻌﺘﲔ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﰒ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﰲ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ)‪،(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﳝﻦ ﻭﺍﻷﳝﻦ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٤٩/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٥٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﻣﺎ ﳚﺰﺉ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﰲ )‪/٩‬ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪" :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ]ﲣﺎﻟﻒ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﳛﻤﻞ ﰲ‬
‫ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻘﻊ[ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﻠﻴﺖ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ‪ ...‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺃﺭﻛﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺳﻨﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﺭﻛﻌﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﻛﺎﻷﻣﻦ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﻴﺖ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ" ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٢٨٨/٤‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﰲ‬
‫ﻁ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺪﺍﺭﻛﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻁ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ )‪ ،(٥٣٩/٥‬ﻭﺟﻌﻠﺘﻪ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﻓﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺻﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺭﻛﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺭﺓ؛ ﻓﻴﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ..‬ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ‪ ..‬ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﺑﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﺗﻘﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ..‬ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٩٢/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﺎﺿﺮﻳﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺮﻛﻌﺘﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺮﻛﻌﺘﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪١٩٧‬‬

‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫]ﻳﻘﺮﺃ[‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺣﻀﺮﻳﲔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ؛ ﻓﻴﺜﺒﺖ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺼﱡﻠﻮ ﹶﻥ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﳝﻀﻮﺍ)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ)‪ (٣‬ﹺﻭﺟ‪‬ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺄﰐ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻷﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ﻭﻳﺘﻤﻮﺍ)‪ (٦‬ﻷﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺟﻠﺴﻮﺍ‬
‫ﲢﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺼﻠﻲ)‪ (٤‬ﺎ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺎ)‪ (٥‬ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺟﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺸﻬﺪ‪ ..‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻢ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٤٤٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٨‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﲝﺬﺍﺀ ﻗﺒﻠﺘﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ‪‬ﻢ ﻛﱢﻠﻬﻢ‪ (٩)/،‬ﻭﺣﺮﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﺠﺪ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ‬
‫ﺴﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺩ‪ ..‬ﺳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺴﺠﺪﻭﺍ ﻣﻌﻪ)‪(١٠‬؛ ﻟﺌﻼ ﻳﻐﺸﻮﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺭﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ﺭﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﳛﺮﺳﻮﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﺗﺒﻌﻮﻩ)‪.(١٢) (١١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﰲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﰲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﺎﺿﺮﻳﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺟﺎﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺃﲤﻮﺍ ﻷﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻓﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‬
‫)‪" :(٤٤٢-٤٤١/٢‬ﻭﺃﺣﺐ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻦ ﹺﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺼﻠﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺼﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﳓﻮ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﻉ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٤٠/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪(٤٨‬‬
‫ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٨‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٣٨‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٩٢/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٩‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺗﺒﻌﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﳓﻮ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺴﻔﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٥٠-٤٤٩/٢‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (١٤٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٣٨‬‬
‫‪ ١٩٨‬‬

‫ﺻﱠﻠﺖ ﻃﺎﺋﻔ ﹲﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺮﺱ‬

‫‪ -٤٤٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪ ..‬ﺣﺮﺳﻬﻢ ﻃﺎﺋﻔ ﹲﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﺠﺪ)‪ (١‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺴﺠﺪﻭﺍ ﻣﻌﻪ؛ ﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٢‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﻭ ﻣﻨﻔﺬ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻌﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﳛﺮﺳﻮ‪‬ﻢ؛ ﻟﺌﻼ ﻳﻐﺘﺎﻟﻮﻫﻢ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٤٤٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺷﺘ ‪‬ﺪ ﺧﻮﹸﻓﻬﻢ‪ (١)/‬ﺑﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﳍﻢ؛ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﺪﺭﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ﱢﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﳝﺎ ًﺀ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺇﳝﺎ ٍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻃﺎﻗﺘﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻃﺎﻗﺘﻪ؛ ﺭﺍﻛ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﻭﻣﺎﺷ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﻭﺳﺎﻋ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﻭﺭﺍﻛ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٤٤٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺘﺢ )ﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ‪ (٤‬ﺳﺎﻋ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﻣﻦ )ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺭﻛﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‪ ..(٥‬ﱂ ﲡﺰﺋﻪ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺭﻛﻮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ﹲﻞ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﺴﺪﺕ)‪ (٧‬ﺻﻼﺗﻪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٤٤٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻓﺘﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻬﺎ ﺭﺍﻛ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﻓﺄﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻨﺰ ﹶﻝ ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻓﺼﻼﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﺗﻪ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹸﻞ)‪ (٢‬ﺟﺒﻬﺘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ)‪،(٣‬‬
‫ﻀ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (١‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺒﻬ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٤٤٩‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺻﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ "ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ( ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺻﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺻﻔﺔ ﲨﻌﺖ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٢٣‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٦٤/٢‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٦٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺮﻛﺐ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳚﺰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻔﺴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٦٧/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٤٦٦/٢‬ﻭ‪ (٤٦٧‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪.(١٥٠‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ )‪" :(٦٤/٢‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﺑﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻧﺰﻭﻟﻪ‪ ..‬ﺑﻄﻠﺖ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺗﻔﻘﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺪﺑﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺍﳓﺮﻑ ﳝﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﴰﺎ ﹰﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻜﺮﻭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺗﺒﻄﻞ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻣﻦ‪ ..‬ﻭﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﱰﻭﻝ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ..‬ﺑﻄﻠﺖ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ"‬
 ‫‪١٩٩‬‬

‫ﻍ ﻟﺴﺒ ﹴﻊ‬
‫ﻒ ﻭﺳﻬ ﹴﻢ ﻭﺭﻣ ﹴﺢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﹶﺫ ‪‬ﻛ ‪‬ﻲ ﻭﻻ ﻣﺪﺑﻮ ﹴ‬
‫ﺡ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺩ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٤٥٠‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﻣﻦ ) ‪‬ﺣﻲ‪‬؛‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺳﻼ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﳑﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ )ﻭﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪-‬ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻲ‪ ..-‬ﻓﹺﺈ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻳﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺔ‬
‫ﺟﻠ ‪‬ﺪ‪ (١‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻈ ﹴﻢ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪.(٥) (٤‬‬
‫‪ -٤٥١‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺎﻫ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪..‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.‬‬

‫)‪kNV6 P‬א‪ (٧0X‬‬

‫‪ -٤٥٢‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ‪ ..‬ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻘﺮﺃ ﻓﻴﻄﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﺮﺃ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻷﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﻛﻊ ﻭﺗﺴﺠﺪ ﻭﺗﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﻨﺼﺮﻑ‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﺮﺃ ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﻓﺘﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﹺﻭﺟ‪‬ﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺄﰐ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺈﺯﺍﺀ‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ‪‬ﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻗﺼﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻀﺮ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﻻ ﻳﺒﺘﺪﺉ ﺑﹸﺄ ‪‬ﻡ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻬ ﹲﺔ ﺑﺒﻴﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺟﺎﺟﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٤٧‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺑﻴﻀﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫)‪.(٢٥٧/١٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪. :‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٥٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻼﺝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺣﻲ ﺟﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺟﻠﺪ ﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﲝﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻭ ﻣﻦ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻌﻀﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٤٥٨/٢‬ﻭ‪.(٤٦٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺴﻘﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ )‪/٩٣‬ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺟﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﺪﺧﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٢٠٠‬‬

‫ﻀﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺮﻛﻌﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻭﻳﺴﺠﺪ ﻭﻳﺴﺠﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻗﻀﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ‪ ..‬ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺍ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻗﺮﺃﻫﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﰒ ﻳﺮﻛﻊ‬
‫ﺴﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻢ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻷﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﺭﻛﻌ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧ ﱠﻔﻔﻮﺍ ﰒ ﺟﻠﺴﻮﺍ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺸﻬﺪﻭﺍ‪ ،‬ﰒ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٤٥٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺻﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ‪/٢٣)/‬ﺏ( ﺃﻭ ﺻﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻢ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺣﻀﺮ‪ ..‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﻍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ)‪ ..(٢‬ﻗﺎﻡ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺛﺒﺖ ﻭﺃﻃﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺣﱴ )ﺗﻠﺤﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪.(٤) (٣‬‬
‫‪ -٤٥٤‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺭﻛﻌ ﹰﺔ ﰒ ﻗﻀﻮﺍ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻗﻀﻮﺍ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ)‪ (٥‬ﻢ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﺑﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴ ﹸﺔ‪ ..‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺗ ﹺﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻬ ﹺﻮ‬ ‫‪] -٤٥٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ[ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺳﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﹰﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺭﺍ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺟﺰﺃ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻔﻪ‪ ) ..‬ﺳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬‬
‫ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.(٨) (٧‬‬
‫ﺳﺠﺪﰐ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ ﻋﺎﻣﺪﻳﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺟﺎﻫﻠﲔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻦ)‪ (١٠‬ﱄ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫‪ -٤٥٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﻮﺍ‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬

‫ﺐ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻗﺮﻳ‪‬ﺒﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩﻭﺍ ﺳﺠﺪﰐ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (١١‬ﺗﻄﺎﻭﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ]ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ[)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫]ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ[)‪.(١‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٤٠/٢‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(٤٨‬ﻓﻴﻘﺮﺃ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﺗﻴﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺄﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻗﺼﲑﺓ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﻛﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٤٠/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺧﻮﻑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻠﺤﻘﻪ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٤٢-٤٤١/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺼﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٤٢/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﺳﺠﺪﺗﲔ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٤٦/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﺮﻙ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺒﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢٠١‬‬

‫‪ -٤٥٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﻬ ‪‬ﻮ‪ ..‬ﺳﺠﺪ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺳﺠﺪ ﻫﻮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺮﺍﻍ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ؛ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﺑﺄﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺠﺪ ﺳﺠﺪﰐ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﻍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻻ ﳚﺰﺉ ﻋﻨﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﺠﺪ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪/‬‬
‫ﺻﻼﺗﻚ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺴﺠﺪﳘﺎ)‪ (٢‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﺳﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﻓﻴﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻻ)‪ (٣‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺎ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٤٥٨‬ﻭ]ﻗﺪ[ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺴﺠﺪﳘﺎ)‪ (٥‬ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫)‪(٨) (٧‬‬
‫]ﰲ[ ﺻﻼﺓ‬ ‫‪ -٤٥٩‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻴﺎﺵ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻗﻲ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ]ﻣﺜﻞ[ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﳌﻌ‪‬ﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٤٦/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٩٣‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ ﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﲟﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﺠﺪﳘﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﻻ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٤٦/٢‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺴﺠﺪﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻳﺴﺠﺪ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ،(١١٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ،(٢١٢/١‬ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫ﻕ ﲟﻦ ﺳﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻗﺘﺪﺍﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﺠﺪ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬ ‫)ﺹ‪" :(١١٢‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺍﻗﺘﺪﻯ ﻣﺴﺒﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﺳﺠﺪ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺻﻼﺓ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ‪،‬‬‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺒﲑﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻳ‪‬ﻔ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﹶﺃﻭ‪ ‬ﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﳘﺎ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﰲ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ"‪ ،‬ﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﻮ ﹲﻝ ﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻪ؛ ﺇﺫ ﻫﻮ ﻧﺼ‪‬ﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻴ‪‬ﺎﺵ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﲰﻪ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺰﺭ‪‬ﻗﻲ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ‪ :‬ﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻋﺎﺵ ﺇﱃ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ‪ . ‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ )‪ ،(٥٥٥/٢‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(٢٤٥/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ ،(١٦٥٨٠ :١٢٠/٢٧‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ‪ ،(١٢٣٦) ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ‬
‫)‪ ،(١٥٤٩‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ‪ :‬ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﻴ‪‬ﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪ :‬ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﲔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )‪.(٧٤٩/٢‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٢٠٢‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﻳﻮﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ)‪ ..(٣‬ﺻﺤﺮﺍﺀ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻃﻼﺋﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ‬
‫‪ ‬ﰲ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻏﲑ ﺧﺎﺋﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬‬
‫ﺵ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﻗ ‪‬ﻲ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺚ ﹶﺃﰊ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٤٦٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ)‪ ..(٤‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ‪‬ﺧﻮ‪‬ﺍﺕ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﲑ)‪.(٦) (٥‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ ..‬ﻛﺮﻫﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ ]ﻟﻪ[)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻻ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫‪ -٤٦١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﺮﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺰ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻳﺒﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﺼﻒ‪ (٢)/‬ﻭﻻﻳﺸﻒ؛ )ﻷﻥ ‪‬ﻲ‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺗﻌﺒﺪ)‪.(٥) (٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ )‪ ،(٢٨٧٦ :١٢٨/٧‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪.(٢٣٨-٢٣٧/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺇﱃ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪ ﰲ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺑﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٤٩/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٩‬‬
‫ﻭﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ‪-‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‪ -‬ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﰲ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﺮﻫﻢ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺒﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﲝﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪(٥١-٥٠/٢‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺟﻮﺭﻱ )‪(٢٤٦/١‬‬
‫ﺼﻠﱠﻰ ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺣﺎﺋﻞ ﳝﻨﻊ ﺭﺅﻳﺘﻬﻢ ﻟﻮ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻫﺠﻤﻮﺍ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٥٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﻮ ﺧ ‪‬ﻮﺍﺕ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺉ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺲ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻲ‪ ،  ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺻﺎﱀ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،.‬ﺷﻬﺪ ﺑﺪﺭﹰﺍ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﲑ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺸﻬﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ )‪ ،(٦٢٥/١‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(٤٥٥/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻐﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻏﺰﻭﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﻉ‪ (٤١٢٩) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺼﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ‪.(٨٤٢) ،‬‬
 ‫‪٢٠٣‬‬

‫‪ -٤٦٢‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ)‪ (٢) (١‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻨﺠﺲ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻏﺼﺒﺘﻪ ﻭﺻﻠﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺣﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺛﻮﺏ ﻏﲑﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻮ ﺳﺮﻗﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯﺕ ﺻﻼﺗﻚ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﻼﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺇﳝﺎ ًﺀ‪ ..‬ﺻ ﱠ‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺼﱢﻠ‪‬ﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫‪] -٤٦٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ[‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺮ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻓ ‪‬ﻤﻨﹺﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹶﺓ ﻓﻘﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﺪﻋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﺎﺩﻫﺎ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪) -٤٦٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺻﻠﻰ‪ (٨‬ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ)‪ (٩‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻀﺮ)‪ ..(١٠‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩﻫﺎ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -٤٦٥‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺑﻮ ﹰﻃﺎ ﺃﻭ ﲢﺖ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻗﺼﲑ ﻻ ﻳﻄﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺣﺒﺲ ﻻ ﳚﺪ ﻣﺎ ًﺀ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍ‪‬ﺑﺎ‪ ..‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻗﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ)‪.(٢) (١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻛﺮﺍﻫﺔ ﲢﺮﱘ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻻ ﳜﻔﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٢٤‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻳﻌﺘﺪ"‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺑﻌﻴﺪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٠٤/٢‬ﻭ‪.(٤٦١‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺃﻃﹾﺮﺍﻓ‪‬ﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(١٣٢/٣٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‪ :‬ﺭ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﻮ ﹺ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻟﺒﺲ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﺷﻪ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪﺭ ﻣﺎ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻣﻨﻪ‪(٥٨٢٨) ،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﲢﺮﱘ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﺎﺀ ﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،(٢٠٦٩/١٤) ،‬ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺃﰊ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺪﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺗﺎﻧﺎ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﳓﻦ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻓﺮﻗﺪ ﺑﺄﺫﺭﺑﻴﺠﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺮ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺑﺈﺻﺒﻌﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﺘﲔ ﺗﻠﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻹ‪‬ﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" (١٩٩/٢‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺭﺓ ﻏﲑ ﳒﺲ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺼﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺻﻠﻰ" ﺃﻭ "ﺃﺻﻼ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٦٨/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺻﻼﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳝﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﻀﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٦٨/٢‬‬
‫‪ ٢٠٤‬‬

‫‪ -٤٦٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ‪‬ﻣﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻮ ‪‬ﻡ)‪ ..(٣‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻀﺎﺅﻩ)‪.(٢) (١‬‬

‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ﹴﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﻴﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻩ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٤٦٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﹸﺃ ﹾﻛ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ ﹺﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻨﺎﳍﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‬ ‫‪ -٤٦٨‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻌﺎﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﻓﻴﺘﺮﺍ َﺀ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﻘﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻨﺎﻟﻮﻫﻢ ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻳﻨﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺮﺍﺀﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺪ ‪‬ﻭ )‪.(٧) (٦‬‬
‫‪ -٤٦٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺻﻠﻮﺍ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﰒ ﺃﻣﻨﻮﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻮﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤٧٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺭﻛﺒﺎ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﻓﺼﻠﻮﺍ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺻﻼ‪‬ﻢ ﰒ ﺃﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﻓﱰﻟﻮﺍ‪ ..‬ﺑﻨﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٤٧١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺻﻠﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺽ)‪] (٩‬ﻋﻠﻰ[ ﻏﲑ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺧﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺮﻛﺒﻮﺍ‪ ..‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺅﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬
‫ﻒ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﺭﻛﺒﺎ‪‬ﻧﺎ ]ﻋﻠﻰ[ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﺏ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ﹲﻞ ﻳﻄﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱰﻭﻝ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٦٨/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٦٨/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٦٨/٢‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﱰﻟﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﳍﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" (٢١٨/٢‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﻃﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻳﻔﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻬﺎ ﻭﺩﻧﻮ ﺍﻟﺰﺣﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺣﻒ" ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" (٤٩‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺋﻒ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٩‬‬
 ‫‪٢٠٥‬‬

‫‪ -٤٧٢‬ﻭﺃﺻﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻓﺘﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻳﻔﺔ ﰒ )ﺣﺪﺛﺖ()‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻳﻔﺔ‪..‬‬
‫‪(١‬‬
‫ﻒ ﰒ ﺣﺪﺙ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‪) ..‬ﻓﻬﻮﻯ ﻓﺼﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻓﻬﺬﺍ)‪ (٢‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﻳﻄﻮ ﹸﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻓﺘﺘﺢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺴﺎﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺒﲎ)‪.(٣) (٢‬‬
‫‪ -٤٧٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ)‪ ..(٤‬ﱂ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺐ ﹺﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻲ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻪ ﻓﺼﱠﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻫﻢ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻮﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﺩﻯ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻼ ﱂ ﳛﺮﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﺑﻄﻠﺖ‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﻘﻮ ﹴﻡ ﺭﻛﻌ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬ ‫‪ -٤٧٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻭ]ﺻﻼﺓ[ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻪ‪/٢٤)/‬ﺏ(؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃﺣﺮﻣﻮﺍ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ :‬ﹺﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﻛﺒ‪ ‬ﺮ‪..‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ﹶﻜﺒ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍ‪ ،(٩)#‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓ َ‬
‫ﻸ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻧﻮﻯ ﺃﻭ ﹶﻝ ﺻﻼﺗ‪‬ﻪ ﺛﺎﻧﻴ ﹰﺔ ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪] -٤٧٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ[‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﹶﻛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﺑﻄﻠﺖ ﺻﻼ‪‬ﻢ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﻜﺒﲑﻫﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪.(١١)/‬‬
‫ﻱ ﺍﳌﻘﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﺎﺋﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﹺﻪ ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﺼﻼﺗﻪ ﺗﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹲﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪] -٤٧٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ[‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﻓﻀﻞ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺑﲏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٦٧-٤٦٦/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻄﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻷﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٩٣‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٢٠٦‬‬

‫‪ -٤٧٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺳﻬﻰ)‪(١‬ﻭﺍﺗﺒﻌﻪ )‪ (٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﻫ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪ ] ..‬ﻓﺼﻼﺗﻪ ﻓﺎﺳﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺗﺒﻌﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻪ[‪..‬‬
‫ﺃﺟﺰﺃﺗﻪ)‪ (٣‬ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤٧٨‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺳﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ﺇﹺﻣﺎﻣ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ ..(١‬ﺑﻄﻠﺖ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺳﻬﻮ‪‬ﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﺼﻼﺗﻪ ﺗﺎﻣ‪‬ﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪] -٤٧٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ[‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﻘﻮ ﹴﻡ ﺳﺎﻫ‪‬ﻴﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺟﻨﺐ‪ ..‬ﻓﺼﻼ‪‬ﻢ ﺗﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ]ﻫﻮ[‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺟﻨﺐ‪ ..‬ﻓﺘﺒﻄﻞ ﺻﻼ‪‬ﻢ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٤٨٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺻﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻢ ﺟﻨ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻭﻫﻢ ﺳﻬﺎﺓ‪ ..‬ﺑﻄﻠﺖ ﺻﻼ‪‬ﻢ)‪.(٦) (٥‬‬
‫‪ -٤٨١‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﺻﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺇﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﺴﺪﺕ ﺻﻼ‪‬ﻢ؛ ﺳﺎﻫ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪] -٤٨٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ[‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺻﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﻀﺤﻚ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺳﺠﺪﺓ ﺳﺎﻫ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ؛ ﹶﻓﹶﺄﺗ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﺼﻼ‪‬ﻢ ﺗﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﻗﻀﺎ ٌﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺬﺭ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫‪ -٤٨٣‬ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺠ ﹺﺮ‪.،(٢)#‬‬
‫ﺼﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻡ[ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﭐﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤ ﹺﻊ ]ﭐﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ : ‬ﻻ ‪‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺻﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﺃﺟﺰﺕ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺟﺰﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﺗﺒﻌﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻛﺄﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻟﻠﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺭﺑﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٢٣١/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٦٥/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ) (‪ :‬ﺳﺎﻫﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٥٣/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ..‬ﺃﻥ ﺻﻼ‪‬ﻢ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻡ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻬﻮﻩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ‪$‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ #‬ﻭﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻮ ﹺ‬
‫)‪ ،(١٥٣/٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (١٥٩/٤‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻹﺣﺮﺍ ﹺﻡ ﺗﻜﺒﲑ ﹶﺓ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﺼﺢ‬
‫ﺻﻼ‪‬ﻢ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳜﻔﻰ ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﱪ ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺼﺢ ﺻﻼ‪‬ﻢ ﺧﻠﻔﻪ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺧﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺎﳊﺪﺙ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺃﻭﱃ ﺑﺎﳋﻔﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢٠٧‬‬

‫‪ -٤٨٤‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺻﻼ ﹲﺓ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﻀﺎ ُﺀ ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﻓﺎﺋﺘ ‪‬ﺔ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫‪$ : ‬ﭐ َﻷﻋ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹸﻝ ﺑﹺﭑﻟﻨ‪‬ﻴ‪ ‬ﺔ‪ ،#‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (١‬ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ ﲟﺜﻠﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪] -٤٨٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ[ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺗﻄﻮﻉ ﺑﺼﻼﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻮﻡ ]ﺃﻭ ﻃﻮﺍﻑ[ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻪ )ﻟﻌﺬﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻐﲑ‪ (٣‬ﻋﺬﺭ‪ ..‬ﺃﺣﺒﺒﺖ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻴﺪ‪] ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻭﺟﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ[؛ ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٤‬ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤٨٦‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻉ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻔﻄﺮ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺣﲔ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ‬
‫ﻗﻀﺎ ٍﺀ ﺗﻘﻀﻴﻨﻪ)‪(٨‬؟‪ #‬ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪» :‬ﻻ«‪،‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺲ)‪ (٥‬ﻓﺄﻓﻄﺮ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻡ ﻫﺎﻧﺊ‪$ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺏ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺣﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ[ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻑ ]ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ[)‪.(٢) (١‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﻣﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻄﺮ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭ]ﺃﹶﻳ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٢٦٤٥٧ :٥٣/٤٤‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪ ،(٢٤٥٤) ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻻ ﺻﻴﺎﻡ ﳌﻦ ﱂ ﻳﻌﺰﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،(٧٣٠) ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ‬ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻫﻮ ﺃﺻﺢ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻠﲔ ﳋﱪ ﺣﻔﺼﺔ ‪،(٢٣٣٨) ، ‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ‪ ،(١٧٠٠) ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﳝﺔ‬
‫)‪.(١٩٣٣ :٢١٢/٣‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪" :‬ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻮﻉ ﺃﺻﺢ"‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ )‪.(٧٩١/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺑﻠﻮﻍ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻡ )ﺹ‪" :(٥٣٢ :١٩٨-١٩٧‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﳋﻤﺴﺔ ﻭﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﻭﻗﻔﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﳝﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﱂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺬﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﻴﺴ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺻﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻝ‪.(١١٥٤) ،‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٧‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﻀﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (٢٦٨٩٧ :٤٦٧/٤٤‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﻡ ﻫﺎﻧﺊ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻗﻌﺪﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺃﻡ ﻫﺎﻧﺊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻌﺪﺕ ﻋﻦ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﺸﺮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪، ‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٢٠٨‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻧﺎﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻡ ﻫﺎﻧﺊ ﻋﻦ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺻﺎﺋﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ‪$ :‬ﺃﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﺗﻘﻀﻴﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ؟‪ #‬ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻀﺮﻙ ﺇ ﹰﺫﺍ‪.#‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺼﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،(٢٤٥٦) ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻧﺎﻭﻟﻪ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻡ ﻫﺎﻧﺊ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺮﺑﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﻓﻄﺮﺕ ﻭﻛﻨﺖ ﺻﺎﺋﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ ‪$‬ﺃﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﻘﻀﲔ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ؟ ‪ ،#‬ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ‪،‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﻄﻮ ‪‬ﻋﺎ‪.#‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻓﻼ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﻓﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﻄﻮﻉ‪ ،(٧٣١) ،‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ )‪ (١٠١/٣‬ﻋﻘﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ )‪" :(٧٣٢‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻡ ﻫﺎﻧﺊ ﰲ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪" :‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲰﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪ :‬ﲰﺎﻙ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻔﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ‪ ...،‬ﻭﳑﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻠﻂ ﲰﺎﻙ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪ ...‬ﻭﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﺼﻮﺭ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳊﺒﲑ )‪.(٤٥٧/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪" :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻲ‪ " :‬ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺣﺴﻦ "‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ ‪‬ﺫ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻔ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﺢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﻜ ‪‬ﺮ‪ .‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‬
‫)‪.(٢١٥/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺭﺑﺎﺡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺑﺄﺳ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﻄﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺻﻴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻀﺮﺏ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻣﺜﺎﻻﹰ؛ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻗﺪ ﻃﺎﻑ ﺳﺒﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻮﻓﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﺴﺐ‪ ،...‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‬
‫)‪ ،(٦٥٦/٢‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ (٢٧٧/٤‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ (٣٤٠/٦‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪.(٧٧٦٧ :٢٧١/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢٠٩‬‬

‫‪Y6 P‬א‪ E١F' 'q‬‬

‫‪ -٤٨٧‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ /‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻛﺮ ‪‬ﻩ)‪ (٢‬ﺇﻣﺎﻣ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻦ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﳛﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻡ‬
‫ﺠ ﹺﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ﺻﻼ‪‬ﺗﻬﻢ)‪،(٥‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻦ ﰲ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ‪‬ﻥ ﳊ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻳﺤﻴ ﹸﻞ )ﻣﻌﲎ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ‪ (٤‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﳊﺎﻧ ﹲﺔ)‪ (٣‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﻋﺠﻤ ‪‬ﻲ ﺃﻭ ﱠ‬
‫ﺴﻦ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ‪‬ﻩ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤِ‬‫ﻭﺃﺟﺰﺃﺗﻪ ﺻﻼ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٤٨٨‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺇﻣﺎﻣ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻼ ﹺﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱂ ﳛﺘﻠﻢ)‪ ، (٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻡ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭ]ﻫﻮ[ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ‪ ..‬ﻓﺼﻼ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺗﺎﻣﺔ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﻏﹸﻼﻡ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﻡ ﻗﻮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ)‪،(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٤٨٩‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ)‪ $ :(٩‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺﺑﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﺫ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﻞ)‪ (١١‬ﺣﲔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻣﻌﻪ ﰒ ﻳﺼﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻘﻮﻣﻪ‪ (١٢)،‬ﻭﺃﻗﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ)‪ (١‬ﻧﺎﻓﻠ ﹰﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﰲ )‪/٨٢‬ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻛﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳊﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٢٦/٢‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪.(١٢٣‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٢٦/٢‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ﻛﺎﰲ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﻌﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻫﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﲞﻼﻓﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻛﺮﻩ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱂ ﳛﺘﻠﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٢٦/٢‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻠﻤ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺍﳉﹶﺮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﺮﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ ﻭﻋﻮﺩﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ‪..‬‬ ‫)‪( ٩‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ؛ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪﻣﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻤﺔ ﺇﻣﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺻﻐﺮﻩ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻛﺜ ‪‬ﺮﻫﻢ ﻗﺮﺁﻧ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺻﻐﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ )‪.(١١٧٩/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻐﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺏ‪ ١٥٠/٥) ،(٤٣٠٢) ،‬ﻁ‪ .‬ﻃﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺓ(‪ ،‬ﲟﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪. (١١‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ‪ ، ‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻭﺻﻠﻰ‪ ،(٧٠١) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ‪ ،(٤٦٥) ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٤٦/٢‬‬
‫‪ ٢١٠‬‬

‫ﺖ ﳍﻢ‬ ‫‪ -٤٩٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺑﻘﻮ ﹴﻡ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻭﻥ ﺃﳛﺴﻦ)‪ (٢‬ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺃﻡ ﻻ ]ﰲ[ ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻌﻴﺪﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹶﺓ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎ ﹰﻃﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ؛ ﻷﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻦ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺤِ‬‫ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕﰲ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﹶﻓﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺮﺃ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃﻋﺎﺩﻭﺍ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪@ :‬ﻗﺪ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮﹾﺃ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٤٩١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺴِﻦ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔﺴﻲ!‪) ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ‪ (٤‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﺣﻀﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﻼ ﺑﻐ ﹺﲑ ﹺﺇﺫ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﱄ‪ ،(٦)/‬ﺃﻭ)‪ (٧‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﱢﻠﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٤٩٢‬ﻭﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻠﻘﻮﻡ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪﻣﻮﺍ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺑﻄﺄ ﺃﻭ ﺷﻐﻞ)‪(٩‬؛‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﲨﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺎﻓﻠ ‪‬ﺔ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻷﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻭﺍ ﹴﻝ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﱄ ﻣﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺧﺮﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺑﲏ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻓﺼﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻑ‬
‫ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪ ﹺﻦ ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻌﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨﺘ‪‬ﻢ‪.(٢)#‬‬
‫ﻏﺰﻭﺓ ﺗﺒﻮﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﺼﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻓﺄﺩﺭﻙ ﻣﻌﻪ)‪ (١‬ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪$
:‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺘﲔ‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳛﺴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٢٧/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮﻧﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٢٧/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٨٢‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﱄ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٩٧/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺪﻱ ‪ ‬؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺩﺧﻞ‬
‫‪‬ﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،(٦٨٤) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺄﺧﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﱂ ﳜﺎﻓﻮﺍ ﻣﻔﺴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﱘ‪.(٤٢١) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻘﺪﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻋﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ ،  ،‬ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﳍﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﺧﱪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﰲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻞ ﺑﻌﺸﺮ ﺳﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﳝﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺎﺟﺮ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺗﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻬﺪ ﺑﺪ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﺮ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﹴ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ؛ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻭﲪﻴﺪ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪،‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٢١١‬‬

‫ﺖ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻭﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﱃ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻼﺓ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫‪ -٤٩٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎ ﹸﻥ ﰲ ﺑﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٤٩٤‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻳﺆﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﻮ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﻡ ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﻗﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻓﺼﻠﻮﺍ ﺑﺼﻼﺗﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺼﻼ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫‪ -٤٩٥‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻟﻨﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺓ)‪/٢٥)/(٤‬ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤٩٦‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ‪ (٥)/‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﺣﲔ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺑﺄﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪‬؛ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺼﱠﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﱯ ‪ ‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺟﺎ َﺀ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﹸﺃﺭﺍ ‪‬ﻩ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﹶﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٤٩٧‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ )ﰲ ﺳﻔﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻀﺮ‪ (٧‬ﺍﺋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤﻮﺍ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺻﻼ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ؛ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﲟﺴﻠﻢ‪ (٩) ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﲟﺴﻠﻢ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩﻭﺍ ﹸﻛ ﱠﻞ ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ‬
‫ﺻﱡﻠﻮﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻪ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱡﻠﻮﺍ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﺸﺮ ‪‬ﻙ )ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ‪ (١١‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﲡﺰﺋﻬﻢ)‪ (١٢‬ﺻﻼ‪‬ﻢ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٤٩٨‬ﻭﻟﻮ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ )‪ ،(٨٤٤/٢‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫)‪.(٢٩٠/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺄﺧﺮ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،(٢٧٤) ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺪﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٢٩٧/٢‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٩٩/٢‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٠٣/٢‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺤﺐ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٢٤‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫)‪.(٩٨/٤‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٥٠‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ ﻗﺮﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰲ ﺣﻀﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻔﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٣٢٠/٢‬ﻭ‪.(٣٣٠‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﱂ ﳚﺰﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٢١٢‬‬

‫‪] -٤٩٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺳﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﺮﻛﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺣﺪﺙ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺴﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺑﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻼﻓ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﻍ‪ ..‬ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬‬
‫ﺴﱢﻠﻢ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻤﻮﺍ ﻫﻢ ﻭﺭﺍ َﺀ ‪‬ﻩ ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺿ ﹺﺢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻼﺓ ﻣﻌﺎﺫ ]ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﻞ[)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٥٠٠‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺻﺎﺣ ‪‬‬
‫‪] -٥٠١‬ﻗﺎﻝ[ ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺭ ﺑﻜﻢ)‪ (٦‬ﺳﺒﻘﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﻳﺘﺼﻨﻊ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺳﺒﺤﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺴﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‪ ..‬ﺟﻠﺲ)‪ ،(٧‬ﰒ ﻳﺘﺼﻨﻊ)‪ (٨‬ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ)‪ (٩‬ﻓﺈﻥ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺒﺤ‪‬ﻮﺍ ]ﺑﻪ[ )‪ (١٠‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌ ﹸﺔ‪ ..‬ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﲎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺘﺴﺒﻴﺤﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﺻﻼﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺭ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫‪ -٥٠٢‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ : ‬ﹺﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺷﻚ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹸﻛﻢ؛ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﷲ)‪  (١٣‬ﻋﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻲ)‪ (١‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ﹴﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﲔ‪ (١٢)،#‬ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻘﲔ‪ ..‬ﺃ ﱠﻥ ِ‬
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠﻰ ﭐﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻘ ﹺ‬
‫‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٢٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺣﺪﺙ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٥٢/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺷﻜﺎ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻝ‪ ،(٧٠٥) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ‪.(٤٦٥) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻫﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﻳﺘﻠﻮﻫﺎ ﺗﺸﻬﺪ ﺃﻡ ﻻ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺼﻨﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻧﺼﻬﺎ‪» :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺻﻼﺓ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺳﺒﺤﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻠﺲ ﰒ ﻳﺘﺼﻨﻊ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ«‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﻡ( ﻣﻊ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺮﻉ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪" :‬ﺟﻠﺲ ﰒ ﻳﺘﺼﻨﻊ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺳﺒﺤﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫)ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﺇﺛﺒﺎ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﳘﺎ ﻳﻔﺴﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﱂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ ﺹ؟‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢١٣‬‬

‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺭﺣﺒﺘﻪ)‪ (٤) (٣‬ﺃﻭ ﻃﺮﻳ ﹴﻖ ﻓﺎﺗﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ‬
‫‪] -٥٠٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﻥ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻳﺮﻯ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻌﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻘﻞ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ؛ ﺑﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﺑﺮﺣﺒﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻔﻮﻑ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ)‪ (٧‬ﳑﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﻪ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯﺕ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺮﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ)‪(١١‬؛ ﻭﺍﻟ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺣﺒ ‪‬ﺔ ]ﻟﻪ[ ﺗﻠﻲ)‪ (٩‬ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫‪ -٥٠٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻘﺔ)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﺗﻪ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫]ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ[ ﻣﺎﺋﱵ ﺫﺭﺍ ﹴ‬
‫ﺼﱠﻠﻰ ﰲ ﹶﺃﺳﻔ‪‬ﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻔﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﳌﺴﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﰲ ﺩﺍ ﹴﺭ ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪] -٥٠٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﻥ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ‪ ..(١٤)/‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ]ﰲ[ ﺃﺳﻔﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻔﻮﻑ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﲟﺘﺼﻠﺔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻓﻮﻗﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺗﺼﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻮﻑ‪ (١)/‬ﺑﺄﺳﻔﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﺗﺘﺼﻞ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻳﺼﺢ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﻭﻟﻮ ﱂ ﺗﺘﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻮﻑ ﻭﻟﻮ ﹶﻛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺑﺸﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﲟﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‬
‫)‪ ٣٣٧/٢‬ﻭ‪ ،(٣٣٨‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﲨﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮ ‪‬ﻡ‪ ..‬ﺻﺢ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺑﻌﺪﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺃﺑﻨﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٢٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﺣﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺣﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﺐ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺒﺴﻄﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢١٨‬ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )ﺹ‪.(١٨٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﺼﻔﻮﻑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٣٨/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﺮﻳﺐ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺣﺎﺋﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٣٨/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻋﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (١٩٨/٤‬ﻛﱰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٤٣/١‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻻ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٢٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٦١/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٢٦‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٢١٤‬‬

‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ]ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺏ[ ﺑﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ‪ ‬ﺮ)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻭ)‪ (٤‬ﻣﺎ ٌﺀ ﻛﺜ ‪‬ﲑ)‪ ..(٥‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٥٠٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﰲ ﺻﺤﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻠﺴﺎﺀ)‪ (٧‬ﻓﺎﺋﺘﻢ)‪ (٨‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﳘﺎ ﺑﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ)‪] ..(٩‬ﺃﺟﺰﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻩ‪،‬‬
‫‪ -٥٠٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻌﺪ ﳑﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﻨﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺏ[‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺄ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﻪ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٥٠٨‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻢ)‪ (١١‬ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﺼﻠﱢ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺠﺮ‪‬ﺎ‪$ :‬ﻻ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻨﺴﻮ ‪‬ﺓ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٥٠٩‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ‪ ..‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ؛ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫ﹺﺑﺼﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ‪ (١٤)#‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ (١٥)/‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ‪‬ﻦ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻭﱂ ﺗﺘﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻮﻑ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٥١‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٣٩-٣٣٨/٢‬ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺮﻁ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺣﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻮﻑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺜﲑﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٣٨/٢‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٧‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺋﺘﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﺫﺭﺍﻉ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٣٨/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻘﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﻋﻄﺎﺀ ‪ ، ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳ‪‬ﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﻘﻠﹶﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻥ ‪‬ﺑﻌ‪‬ﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٣٨/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪ (١١١/٣‬ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻧﺴﻮﺓ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺯﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫‪ ‬ﰲ ﺣﺠﺮ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﺼﻠﲔ ﺑﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻜﻦ ﺩﻭﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺣﺠﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺭﲪﻪ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺠﺮ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺎﻟﺘﻪ‪ ..‬ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ )‪" :(١٩١/٤‬ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﰒ ﺳﺎﻕ ﺳﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺴﻮﺓ ﺻﻠﲔ ﰲ ﺣﺠﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﻻ ﺗﺼﻠﲔ ﺑﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻓﺈﻧﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺣﺠﺎﺏ"‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ (٤٨٨٣ :٨٢/٣‬ﻋﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻤﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻬﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٨٣‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢١٥‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫‪] -٥١٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ :‬ﻣﺄﺛﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺮﺣﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺄﺗﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ[‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻓﺼﻠﻰ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺧﻠﻔﻪ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﻛﺮﻫﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫‪] -٥١١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺻﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﻻ ‪‬ﺗﻌ‪‬ﺪ‪ ،(٦)#‬ﻷﻧﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺓ)‪(٤‬؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮﺓ)‪$ :(٥‬ﺯ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﻄﺮﺏ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ[ ﻭﺻﻼﺓ ﺃﻡ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ؛ ]ﻷﻥ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﺑﺼﺔ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺑﺄﻣﺮﻩ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﻠﻤﻪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻝ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٣٩/٢‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺎﻟﺘﻪ‪ ..‬ﻗﻠﻨﺎﻩ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻟﻠﻘﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﳋﱪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻓﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ‪$‬ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﳋﱪ‪ #‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻟﻌﻠﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺄﺛﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻧﻜﲑ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺪﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٤٥/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫـﻮ‪ :‬ﻧﻔﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﳑﻦ ﻏﻠﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﹸﺫﻛ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣـﻮﺍﱄ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫‪ ، ‬ﺳﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﰲ ‪‬ﺎ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﳑﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﺰﻝ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﱂ ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻓﻀﻼﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ )‪ ،(١٦١٥/٤‬ﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(٣٨/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻛﻊ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ‪.(٧٨٣) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﺑﺼﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﳉﻬﲏ ‪ ، ‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ )‪ ،(١٧١/١٠‬ﻭﺃﲪﺪ‬
‫)‪ ،(١٨٠٠٠ :٥٢٤/٢٩‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ‪،(٦٨٢) ،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‪ ،(٢٣٠) ،‬ﻭﺣﺴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻨﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‪ ،(١٠٠٤) ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ )‪ ٢١٩٨ :٥٧٥/٥‬ﻭ ‪ ٢١٩٩‬ﻭ‬
‫‪.(٢٢٠٠‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺿﻌﻔﻪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻗﺪ ﲰﻌﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻼ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺮﻭﻳﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻫﻼﻝ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﶈﺪﺛﲔ ‪‬ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺑﲔ ﻫﻼﻝ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﻑ ﻭﻭﺍﺑﺼﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺑﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﲰﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﲰﻌﺖ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮﻫ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﲟﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﺖ‪) ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ ...(:‬ﻓﻠﻮ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺍﺑﺼﺔ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻨﺎ )ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮﺓ( ﺃﻭﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﺑﻪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﻗﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ ."...‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ )‪.(١٧٣-١٧٢/١٠‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ‪‬ﺣﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﱪ‪" :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﺑﺼﺔ ﻣﻀﻄﺮﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﻻ ﻳﺜﺒﺘﻪ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ"‪.‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٢١٦‬‬

‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﺼﻼ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﺎﺳﺪﺓ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫‪] -٥١٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٣‬‬
‫‪] -٥١٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟﻠﲔ ﺻﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﺎﺋﺘﻢ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻴﻘﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﹶﻛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ]ﺑﻌﺪﻩ[‪..‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ )ﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﳎﺰﺋﺔ‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٥١٤‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺻﻠﻴﺎ ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﺋﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻜﱠﺎ ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﻓﻠﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺭ]ﻳﺎ ﺃﻳﻬﻤﺎ[ ﹶﺃﺣﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٧‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻌﻴﺪﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ)‪(٨‬؛ ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻡ ﺃﻻ ‪‬ﻳﺤﺮﻡ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻚ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩﺍ)‪ (٩‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻣﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻴﻘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻵﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺣﺮﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬‬ ‫‪] -٥١٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺷ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪﳘﺎ ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻭﺃﺟﺰﺃﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱂ ﻳﺸﻚ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪‬ﺷ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ )‪ ،(٢٦٩/١‬ﺍﶈﺮﺭ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٥٤‬ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳊﺒﲑ )‪.(٩٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﺳﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹴﻢ ﺑﻨﺖ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﻠﺤ‪‬ﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺳﻬﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﲢﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻀﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﰊ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺕ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺃﺳﻠﻤﺖ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻮﻣﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺮﺿﺖ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻐﻀﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﻬﻠﻚ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺧﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺧﻄﺒﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﺮﻛﹰﺎ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺗﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺴﻦ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‪ :‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻘﻼﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺑﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ )‪ ،(٤٠٨/٨‬ﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(٣٤٥/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻧﺲ ‪ ، ‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺼﲑ‪،(٣٨٠) ،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺼﲑ‪.(٦٥٨) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٣٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﺻﻼ‪‬ﻢ ﱂ ﳚﺰﻳﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ( ﻭﺍﻷﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺪﺭﻳﺎ ﺃﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٥٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٥٥/٢‬‬
 ‫‪٢١٧‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱂ ﻳﺸﻚ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ)‪ (١‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻣﺎ ﹸﻛﱢﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﻕ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٥١٦‬ﻭﻟﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻠﻢ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻻ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻏﲑﻩ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪] -٥١٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ [:‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺄﰎ ﺑﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺳﻬﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻔﻊ؛ ﻟﻴﻘﺘﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺭﺍﺀﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪،‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ]ﻭﺭﻛﻊ[ ﻭﺭﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺣﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‪/٢٦)/‬ﺏ( ﺳﻌﺪ ]ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺪﻱ[‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻬﻘﺮﻯ‪ (٩)/‬ﻓﱰﻝ ﻭﺳﺠﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٥١٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ)‪ (١١‬ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -٥١٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻀﺎﻳﻖ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﺠﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﺩﻯ)‪] ..(١‬ﺳﺠﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ[؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻟﺘﻀﺎﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(٣٥٥/٢‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻛﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ‪."..‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ " :‬ﺍ "‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٥٥/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٤٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻫﻮ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺛﻌﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﲑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﲰﻪ ﺣﺰﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻐﲑﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ، ‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﹸﺃ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻲ ﻭﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺪﻱ ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﺯﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ )‪ ،(٣٢٠/٢‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(٣٢٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺣﱴ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺎﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٥٢‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﻮﺡ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﻭﺍﳋﺸﺐ‪ ،(٣٧٧) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﳋﻄﻮﺗﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.(٥٤٤) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٤٣/٢‬‬
‫‪ ٢١٨‬‬

‫ﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺋﺘﻤﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻫﺎﺏ ﻋﻘﻠﻪ‪..‬‬

‫ﻼ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻡ ﻗﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺻﺤﻴ ‪‬ﺢ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﹸﻏ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٥٢٠‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﺴﺪﺕ ﺻﻼ‪‬ﻢ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪] -٥٢١‬ﻗﺎﻝ[ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﺑﻘﻮﻡ ﰒ ﺟﺤﺪ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ؛ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺻﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳉﺤﺪ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻼ‪‬ﻢ ﺗﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺻﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳉﺤﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺼﻼ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﺎﺳﺪﺓ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪] -٥٢٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺑﻘﻮ ﹴﻡ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻻﻥ؛ ﺣﺎ ﹲﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﺗ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﺣﺎ ﹲﻝ‬
‫ﺖ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻌﻴﺪﻭﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﲡﺐ‬ ‫ﲔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎ ‪‬ﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻤﺎ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬﻢ؛ )ﻓﻠﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭﻭﺍ‪ (٨‬ﰲ)‪ (٩‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﺍﳊﺎﻟ ﹺ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻹﻋﺎﺩ ﹸﺓ ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺮﺗ ‪‬ﺪ)‪.(١١)(١٠‬‬

‫‪Y6 P‬א ‪ E١٢FkNZ‬‬

‫ﺽ‬
‫ﺼﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٥٢٣‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ]‪ :[ ‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﻟﺮﺟ ﹴﻞ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠ ‪‬ﺔ ﺛﹸﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻘ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻳﻀ ﹰﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻧﺎﻓﻠ ﹰﺔ ﺇﻻ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠ ‪‬ﺔ ﺇﹺﻻ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﲔ)‪ ،(١‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠﻰ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﻳﻘ ﹴ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﻮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻠﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﻭﺍﺀ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺫﻭ ﻋﺪﻭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﲟﻄﻤﺌﻦ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﶈﻜﻢ ﻭﺍﶈﻴﻂ ﺍﻷﻋﻈﻢ )‪ ،(٣١٦/٢‬ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ )‪ ،(٢٤٢٢/٦‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ‬
‫)‪.(٨/٣٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٤٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻓﺎﺭﻗﻮﺍ ﺇﹺﻣﺎﻣ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﻢ ﺑﺬﻫﺎﺏ ﻋﻘﻠﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﹰﺓ ﻭﺻﻠﻮﺍ ﻷﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﺻﻼ‪‬ﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ‬
‫)‪.(٣٣١/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٣٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺮﺗﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ :‬ﺛﺎﱐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺪﺭﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺪﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺪﺭﻭﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٣٠/٢‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﺣﱴ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﻣ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﻣﺮﺗﺪ‪‬ﺍ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﺣﺮﻑ ﻳﺴﲑﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺴﻘﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﰲ )‪/٩٠‬ﺏ(‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢١٩‬‬

‫ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ‪ ..‬ﻓﺼﻼ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺪ ﹲﺓ)‪(٢‬؛ َﻷ ﱠﻥ ﹶﺃﺻ‪‬ﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘ ‪‬ﺞ‬
‫ﱯ ‪$ : ‬ﭐ َﻷ ‪‬ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻝ ﹺﺑﭑﻟﻨ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪.(٣)#‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﲝﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫)ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ﹺﻮ)‪ (٦‬ﺍ ﹸﳌﻘﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻠﺪ‪ ..‬ﺃﻥ‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﺒﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﹶﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹺﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻲ ﺇﹺﺫﺍ ﺃﹶﻗﺎ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫‪] -٥٢٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ [:‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ‪(٧‬؛ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ]ﺫﻟﻚ[ ﺑﻮﺍﺟﺐ)‪ (٨‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ )‪(٩‬؛ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﺎﻧﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢١٧/٢‬ﻭ‪(٢١٩‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥‬ﻭﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٩٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺏ )ﺹ‪ (٩٦‬ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٩٤‬ﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺏ ﺣﺎ ﹰﻻ ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ )ﺹ‪ (٤٣‬ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪" :‬ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﲝﺎﻟﻪ؛ ﳊﺮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻌﻴﺪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻋﺬﺭ ﻧﺎﺩﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻬ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺎﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻘﻀﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ ﺇﻥ ﺗﻴﻘﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻟﻮ‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﻇﻦ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﻐﲑ ﺍﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩﻩ‪ ..‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﻻ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٩٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢١٩/١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪» :(٢٥٧/٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺗﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺧﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﺑﻼ ﺩﻻﺋﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﺻﺒ ‪‬ﺢ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺣﲔ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻚ«‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ‪ ،‬ﺭ‪) :‬ﻑ‪.( :‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ )ﻡ(‪" :‬ﹶﺃﺗ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻮ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻠﺪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺘﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻟﹶﻪ ﺣﺎﺟ ﹲﺔ ﻳﺮﺟﻮ ﺣﺼﻮﻟﹶﻬﺎ ﻛ ﱠﻞ ﻭﻗﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻮﻗ ‪‬ﻊ ﻓﺮﺍﻏﹶﻬﺎ ﺳﺎﻋ ﹰﺔ ﻓﺴﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ‬ ‫ﺏ ﹺﺇﺫﹶﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (٩‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ )ﻏﲑ ﺍ ﹸﳌﺤ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ ﹺ‬
‫ﻳﻨﻮ ﺇﻗﺎﻣ ﹶﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻳﺎ ﹴﻡ ﻭﻧﻮﻯ ﺍﻻﺭﲢﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺣﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺣﺼﻮﻟ‪‬ﻬﺎ( ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﺃﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ؛ ﻟﻜﲏ ﱂ ﺃﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﻪ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺼﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻳﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ ..‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺼﺮ ﺇﱃ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻳﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﶈﺎﺭﺏ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﺧﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‬
‫ﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﶈﺎﺭﺏ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ (٣٦٨/٢‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪- (٤٢‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ -(١٣٤‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ -(٤٢‬ﺃﻥ ﻏﲑ ﺍﶈﺎﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﻏﲑ ﺍﶈﺎﺭﺏ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺼﺮ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺺ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﻼﺀ ‪-‬ﻧﻘ ﹰ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺼﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺃﻭ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻳﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ : :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٢٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٨٥/١‬‬
‫‪ ٢٢٠‬‬

‫ﺐ ﺣﺮﺏ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﻮﻯ ‪‬ﻣﻘﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺃﺭﺑ ﹴﻊ‬
‫ﲟﻜﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ)‪(١‬؛ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺘ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﺘﺄﻫ ﹺ‬
‫ﺴﻜ‪‬ﻪ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ‪ (١)#‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﺛﹶﻼﹰﺛﺎ ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ‬ ‫ﹶﺃﺗ‪‬ﻢ‪ :‬ﺃﹶﻥ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻳﻘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ﭐﳌﻬﺎﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ﲟﻜﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﻀﺎ ِﺀ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺼﲑ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺼﲑ ﻭﻛﻢ ﻳﻘﻴﻢ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﺼﺮ‪ (١٠٨٠) ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺗﺴﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻳﻘﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﺤﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﺎﻓﺮﻧﺎ ﺗﺴﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻗﺼﺮﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺯﺩﻧﺎ ﺃﲤﻤﻨﺎ‪.#‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻟﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ #‬ﻓﺮﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (٢٧٥٨ :٤٨٣/٤‬ﻋ ﹺﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ ﹺﻦ ‪‬ﻋﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﺱ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪$ :‬ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻲ ‪ ‬ﻣﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃﻗﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫ﲔ‪ ،#‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﱴ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺮ؟ )‪ ،(١٢٣٠‬ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﺒ ‪‬ﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻠﱢﻲ ﺭﻛﻌﺘ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ )‪ (٢٧٥٠ :٤٥٧/٦‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻗﺪﻡ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ ‪‬ﺎ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ (٢٧٢/٤‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺓ ﻟﻔﻆ ‪$‬ﺗﺴﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ .#‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﺑﲔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪$‬ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻳﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..#‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻭﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪$‬ﺗﺴﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻳﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..#‬ﻋﺪﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪$‬ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻳﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..#‬ﻋﺪ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ "ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﻷﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ..‬ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪ (٢٤٠/٤‬ﻭﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ )‪ (٧٣٣-٧٣٢/٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﳍﻤﺎ ‪-‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪-‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺳﻠ ﹲﺔ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ‪$ :‬ﲬﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪.#‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )‪ ،(٢٠٢/١‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ )‪ (٤٦/٢‬ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﲨﻊ‬
‫ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ...‬ﻗﻠﺖ ﻭﻫﻮ ﲨﻊ ﻣﺘﲔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ :‬ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻳﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺻﺢ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺗﺴﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻳﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪(٣٦٨/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٤٢‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﺑﲔ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺃﻭ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪-٢٤٧/٢‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ(‪ ...» :‬ﻓﺎﻷﺻﺢ ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺗﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ ﻳﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ‪) ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ (:‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﱂ ﳛﻚ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ :‬ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺃﻭ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ؛ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺪﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺎ ﺣﻘﻘﻨﺎﻩ؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ«‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ﻳﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﳘﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ؛ ‪‬ﻟ‪‬ﺘﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻫﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﳊﺮﺏ ﻫﻮﺍﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺩﻩ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ‪ ‬ﱂ ﻳﻨﻮ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫ﻟﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٤٢‬ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻬﻴﺔ )‪.(٤٦٤/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻷﻥ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢٢١‬‬

‫ﺡ ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ)‪ ..(٥‬ﺩ ﱠﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺃﺑﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻫﺎﺟﺮﻭﺍ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ]ﷲ[‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ‪/‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺳﻔﺮ)‪(٢‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻛﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﳍﻢ‬
‫ﻕ ﺑﲔ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻔ ﹺﺮ ﻭﺍ ﹸﳌﻘﺎ ﹺﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣﻘﺎ ﹴﻡ‪(٦)/‬؛ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﻮﻯ ﺃﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﰎ)‪(٨) (٧‬؛ ﳍﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻓﺮ ﹴ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ : ‬ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﻴﻦ‪ (١٠)‬ﺩﻳﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﲜﺰﻳﺮ ‪‬ﺓ‬
‫ﻕ)‪ (٣‬ﺑﻌﻀ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﱡﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻬﻢ)‪ (١‬ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ)‪(٢‬؛ ﻓﻜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺏ‪#‬‬
‫ﭐﻟﻌﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺳﻔﺮ‪) ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﻭﺯ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ .. (٤‬ﹶﻓﺤ‪‬ﻜﻤ‪‬ﻪ ﺣﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻡ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻣﻲ ‪ ‬؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺐ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺼﺪ‪‬ﺭ‪ #‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺞ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺟﻮﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﲟﻜﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻧﺴﻜﻪ‪ (٣٩٣٣) ،‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﺛﻼﺙ ﻟﻠﻤﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﲟﻜﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺮﺍﻍ ﺍﳊﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﺓ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺑﻼ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،(١٣٥٢) ،‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺳﻔﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳍﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٩٠‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٢٧‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺃ( ﻭ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٥٣‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﻮ ﹺﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺘﺄﰐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻗﺮﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٦٧/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٤٢‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٣٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٢٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٤٢‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ )‪ ،(٣٧١/٢‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ ،(٤٧٣/٢‬ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ )‪- ،(٣٥٨/٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ‪ -‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٢٤٤/٤‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ ،(٢٠٩/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪،(٤٣٢/٢‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺎ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺒﻘﻴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ )‪ ١٧ :٨٩٢/٢‬ﻭ‪ (١٨‬ﻣﺮﺳ ﹰ‬
‫)‪ ،١٣٥/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٢٠٨/٩‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ ،(٣٥٦/٥‬ﻭﻭﺻﻠﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (٢٦٣٥٢ :٣٧١/٤٣‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﱪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ )‪" :(١٦٦-١٦٥/١‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺂﺕ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﻄﻮ ‪‬ﻋﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﻩ ﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪" :‬ﻭﻭﺻﻠﻪ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳊﺒﲑ )‪.(٣١٦/٤‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٢٢٢‬‬

‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻣﺜ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳌﺪ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬ ‫ﺏ)‪ ..(٥‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺼ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﺐ ﺣﺮ ﹴ‬
‫ﺐ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻗﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﺒﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﻟﺘﺄﻫ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٥٢٥‬ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‪) ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺯﺍ ‪‬ﺩ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،(٨) (٧‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﻻ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﲤﺎﻡ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ )ﺇﻻ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻟﺘﺄﻫ ﹺ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﺼﺮﻭﻥ؛ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻮﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻌﺪ)‪(١‬؛ ﺃﻗﺎﻣﻮﺍ ﺷﻬ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﻴﺔ‪ (٩‬ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺍ ﹸﳌﻘﺎ ‪‬ﻡ)‪.(٤) (٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺻﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ‪ ‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪ ،#‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ ،(٣١٦٨‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﳌﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻳﻮﺻﻲ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،(١٦٣٧) ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﲑ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪.(١٧٦٧) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺄﺟﻠﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ (١٨٦٤ :٦٣/٢‬ﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺃﰊ ﻣﺼﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﳛﲕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(٢٣٩/٤‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻮﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ ،(٩٩٧٧ :٥١/٦‬ﻭ)‪.(١٩٣٦٠ :٣٥٧/١٠‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﺼﺪﻕ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺯﻭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺼﺮﻭﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻛﺄ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﰎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٧‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ﻭﺟﻮﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻻﲤﺎﻡ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺼﺮ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻳﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﺃﻥ ﺍﶈﺎﺭﺏ ﻳﻘﺼﺮ ﺃﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻧﻮﻯ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻳﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٤٢‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ )‪(٣٧٥/٢‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٤١/٤‬‬
‫‪ ،.‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪) :‬ﻻ ﻧﻴﺘﻪ( ﺃﻭ )ﻻ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ( ﻭ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ ،(٤٣٣٩ :٥٣٣/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ ،(١٥٢/٣‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ (٢٧٤/٤‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻳﺔ )‪" (٢١٢/١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ" ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳊﺒﲑ )‪ ،(١١٧/٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪" :‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ )‪ ،(٧٣٤/٢‬ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺭﻭﺍﺀ )‪.(١٢٨/٣‬‬
 ‫‪٢٢٣‬‬

‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺆﻣﺮ‬ ‫‪] -٥٢٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻳﺆﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﱯ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻘﻞ؛ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﺒﻊ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻭﲦﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻃﺎﻗﻪ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ ،(٤٣٥٠ :٥٣٥/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ (١٥٣/٣‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ (٢٧٤/٤‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺘﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺾ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ )‪ ،(٢٧٤/٤‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺒﻠﺪ ﻟﺘﺄﻫﺐ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‪@ :‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﲤﺎﻡ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻡ؛ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻌﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻗﺎﻣﻮﺍ ﺷﻬﺮﺍ ﻳﻘﺼﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻮﻭﺍ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻡ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ )ﺍﶈﺎﺭﺏ؛ ﻻ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻹﻗﺎﻣ ﹶﺔ ﺃﻛﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ؛ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺃﻗﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻷﺟ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﺎﺯ ‪‬ﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴ ﹺﻞ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋ ﹶﺔ ﻓﺮﺍﻏ‪‬ﻪ( ﻭﻇﺎﻫ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﺃﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻗﻮﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ »ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ« )ﻧﻘ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪((٤٢‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺼﺮ ﺇﱃ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻳﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٦٨/٢‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٤٢‬ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﰲ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ((٤٢‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺗﺮﺩﺩ ﺑﲔ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫»ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ« )ﻧﻘ ﹰ‬
‫ﺟﺰﻡ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٨٦/٢‬ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺼﺮ ﺇﱃ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫)‪.(٤٣٥/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺗﺘﻤﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺧﺺ‪ -‬ﺑﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ؛ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻏﲑ ﻳﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻮﻫﺎ؛‬
‫ﻼ‪ ..‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺳﻔﺮﻩ ﺑﺈﻗﺎﻣﺘﻪ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻏﲑ ﻳﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ‪.‬‬‫
ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺃﺻ ﹰ‬
‫
ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﻴﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﲢﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺇﳒﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻭﻗﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺳﻔﺮﻩ ﺑﺈﻗﺎﻣﺘﻪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻳﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻗﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺼﺮ ﺃﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﰲ ﺧﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺟﺮ ﻭﳓﻮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫
ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻪ ﺳﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺳﻔﺮﻩ ﺑﺈﻗﺎﻣﺘﻪ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻏﲑ ﻳﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ )‪ (٣٧٥-٣٧٣/٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٢١٥-٢١٢/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ٢٢٩/٤‬ﻭ‪ (٢٤٢-٢٤١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪-٣٨٣/١‬‬
‫‪ (٣٨٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٨‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ (٨١-٨٠/٢‬ﻓﻴﺾ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ )‪ (١٨١/١‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺠﻮﺭﻱ‬
‫)‪.(٣٨٧/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻻ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﱯ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺒﻴﺔ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺆﻣﺮﺍﻥ ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﺴﺒﻊ ﺳﻨﲔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﳑﻴﺰﻳﻦ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٩‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (١٠٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ .(٩١‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (١١/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (١٢/٣‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ )ﺹ‪ (١٥١‬ﻭﱂ ﺃﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻛﺮ‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٢٢٤‬‬

‫‪ -٥٢٧‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮﺍﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻔﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺻﻠﻰ ﰲ ﺳﻜﺮﻩ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫‪ -٥٢٨‬ﻭﻻ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻐﻠﻮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺍ‪‬ﻨﻮﻥ؛ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻓﺎﻗﻮﺍ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺘﻪ)‪(٣‬؛ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٥٢٩‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺾ ﺗﻄﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮﺍﱐ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﱯ ﳛﺘﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻐﻤﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻨﻮﻥ‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﺑﺮﻛﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﺑﺮﻛﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻴﻘﺎﻥ‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ : ‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻐﺮﺏ‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﻗ‪‬ﺘﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ]ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ[‪#‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻊ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺇﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻌﻞ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩﻩ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻊ ﳑﻴﺰ‪‬ﺍ‪ ..‬ﺃﻣﺮ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﺄﺧﺮ ﲤﻴﻴﺰﻩ‬
‫ﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﺃﻣﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (١٢/٣‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٣٩٣/١‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷ‪‬ﺋﻤ ﹸﺔ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻬﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻷﻭﻻ ‪‬ﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺋﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ"‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪(١٩٠/١‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ )ﺹ‪.(١٥١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺏ ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻜﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺁﲦﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٥٢/٢‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ )ﺹ‪ (١٥١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٨/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٩١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺗﻜﺒﲑﺓ‪ ..‬ﻭﺟﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٥٣/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٨/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٩٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪» ‬ﹸﺃ ﹾﻏ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺬﻫﺐ ﻋﻘﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﺾ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ«‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ ،(٢٤ :١٣/١‬ﻭﺑﺘﺤﻮﻩ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ (٤٧٩/٢‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ )‪،(٣٩١/٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﶈﻠﻰ )‪ (٢٣٤/٢‬ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪.(٢٢٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻔﻴﻘﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺗﻜﺒﲑﺓ‪ ..‬ﻭﺟﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٥٤-١٥٣/٢‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٢٣‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ ،(٩٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٦٩/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٩٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ ،(١٨٧/١‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻁ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻐﺮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ‪ ، ‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‬
‫ﺭﻛﻌﺔ‪ ،(٥٧٩) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪،‬‬
‫)‪.(٦٠٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺠﻌﻞ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢٢٥‬‬

‫ﲟﺰﺩﻟﻔﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﺑﻌﺮﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﻭﻗ‪‬ﺘﺎ ﻟﻠﻈﻬﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﻭﻗ‪‬ﺘﺎ ﻟﺼﻼﺗﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥٣٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺣﺎﺿﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﻭ ﹸﺃ ﹾﻏ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻦ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻣﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺼﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺻﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻮﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﳝﻜﻨﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٥٣١‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺀ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﺏ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺫﻫﺐ ﻋﻘﻠﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﻋﻘﻠﻪ ﻓﺬﻫﺐ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮﺍﻥ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‪/٢٧)/‬ﺏ( ﺍﻷﻏﻠﺐ ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻨﺰﻟﺔ ﺍ ﹸﳌﻐﻤﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٥٣٢‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﹸﻛ ﱠﻞ ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﻓﺎﺗﺘﻪ)‪ (٧‬ﰲ ﺭﺩﺗﻪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺭﺗﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ)‪(١٠‬؛ ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٥٣٣‬ﻭﳛﺴﺐ‬
‫ﻭﺟﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﺍﺭﺗﺪﺍﺩﻩ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﻘﻂ ﻋﻨﻪ)‪ (١١‬ﻣﺎ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﳕﺎ ﳚﺐ ]ﻋﻠﻴﻪ[ ﲟﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺎﱄ ﻭﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺑﻔﻌ ﹴﻞ )ﰲ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،(١٢‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻣﺮﺕ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﺭﺗﺪﺍﺩﻩ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﳌﺰﺩﻟﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﻮﺍ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺽ ﻭﺟﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٩٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪.(١٨٩-١٨٨/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٥٣/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٩١/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻓﻼ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٥٣/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٩١/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻳﺘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٥٤/٢‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٩٠/١‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪.(٥/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﳓﺴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٥٤/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٧٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫‪ ٢٢٦‬‬

‫‪) -٥٣٤‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳛﺐ‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﺲ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﳛﺘﺞ)‪ (٣‬ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫‪] -٥٣٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﻲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﰒ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﻣﻀﻰ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﰒ ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺼﻠﱢﻬﺎ‬ ‫)ﻧﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ‪ (٥‬ﺻﻠﻰ)‪ (٦‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ‪ $ :‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻲ ﺻﻼ ﹰﺓ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﹺﺫﺍ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛﺮ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،(٨)#‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻳﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺩﻱ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺧﺮ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺧﺮ ‪‬‬

‫ﺾ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺮﹶﺃ  ‪ (١٠)  B
A‬ﻭ  ‪  DC B A‬ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ‬

‫‪ -٥٣٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﳌﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ‪ ..‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺇﻻ ﺟﺎﻟ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﳚﺐ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٦٤/٢‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﺗﻌﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥‬ﻭﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪(٩٠‬‬
‫ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٢٧/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ﹺﺑﻤ‪‬ﺮﻭ ‪‬ﻃ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺎ ُﺀ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘﹶﻠﻔﱢﻌﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻠﱢﻲ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺢ ﻓﻴﻨﺼﺮ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﳍﺎ‪$ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪ ‬ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ‪ ،#‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‪،(٨٦٧) ،‬‬
‫ﻳ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮﻓ ‪‬ﻦ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻐﹶﻠ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻜﲑ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺒﺢ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،(٦٥٤) ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٦٥/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺳﲔ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺻﻼﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﻣﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ..‬ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺐ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺇﻥ ﻳﺘﻀﺎﻳﻖ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳌﺆﺩﺍﺓ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٧٠/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ‬
‫)‪ (١٨٩/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٧٥/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٩١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ )ﺹ‪-٩ (١٢٢‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪-٣٧ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﻲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﻓﻠﻴﺼﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺫﻛﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﺼ ﱢﻞ ﹺﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮﻫ‪‬ﺎ«‪ .‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪-٥ (٤٧٧/١‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻲ ﺻ‪‬ﻼ ﹰﺓ ﻓﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ )‪ (٥٩٧‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪» :‬ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪-٥٥ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺘﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﺗﻌﺠﻴﻞ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﺡ )‪ (٦٨٤‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ )ﺹ‪-٧ (٧٣‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ‪-٦ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﻭﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺡ )‪(٣٤٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪-٥ (٤٧٤/١‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪-٥٥ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺘﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﺗﻌﺠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﺡ )‪.(٦٨٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢٢٧‬‬

‫‪ -٥٣٧‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺟﻴﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫‪ -٥٣٨‬ﻭﺍﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﺇﻻ ﻗﻮﻝ)‪$ (٣‬ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ)‪ #(٤‬ﻭ‪$‬ﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ #‬ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺮﺗﺎﻥ)‪.(٧)/(٦)(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٥٣٩‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺪﻭﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺰﻭﻝ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٥٤٠‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻛﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻛﻼ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴ ‪‬ﲑﺍ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻀﺮﻩ)‪(٩‬؛ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫ﺻﱡﻠﻮﺍ ﰲ ﭐﻟﺮ‪ ‬ﺣﺎ ﹺﻝ‪.(١٠)#‬‬
‫‪$ : ‬ﹶﺃﻻ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٥٤١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻓﺎﺗﺘﻪ ﺻﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻱ ﺃﻱ ﺻﻼﺓ ﻫﻲ‪ ..‬ﺻﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻦ)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹶﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ)‪ (١٢‬ﻋﺼ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻇﻬ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻈﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻛﻞ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻓﺎﺗﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ)‪(١‬؛‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﺬﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ‪‬ﺍ ﺣﻴﻨﺌ ‪‬ﺬ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٧٨/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٣٦/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٨٦/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪$ :‬ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ‪.#‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺮﺗﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻭﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻘﻮﻝ‪$ :‬ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ‪ ..#‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻨﻘﺺ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٨٧/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٦٧/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٩١‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺗﺰﻭﻝ ﻗﺪﻣﺎﻩ ﻭﻻ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٨٨/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤‬ﲢﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٦٨/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻀﺮ ﻳﺴﲑﻩ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻋﻤﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٨٨/٢‬ﻭ‪ (١٩٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤١١/١‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(٤٧٠/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﺆﺫﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺩ ﻭﻣﻄﺮ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪$ :‬ﺃﻻ ﺻﻠﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﺎﻝ‪ ،#‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺼﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ‬
‫ﰲ ﺭﺣﻠﻪ‪ ،(٦٦٦) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﺮ‪.(٦٩٧) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٢٢٨‬‬

‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻓﺎﺗﺘﻪ ﺻﻼﺓ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻱ ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ : ‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪/‬‬ ‫ﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪/‬‬
‫ﺻﻼﺓ ﻫﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥٤٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﻧﻮﻯ ﻓﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﰒ ﺍﻧﺼﺮﻓﺖ ﻧﻴﺘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﳚﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻧﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ‬
‫ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺑﻄﻠﺖ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ)‪(٤‬؛ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻭﻗﻒ ﻭﻗﻔﺔ ﻧﻮﻯ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺔ؟‪ ..‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﻮﻓﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ)‪ ..(٥‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ)‪.(٧)(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٥٤٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺮﳝﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺩﺧﻞ‬
‫ﰲ ﺻﻼﺓ)‪ (٩‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‪ #‬ﻭ‪$‬ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ‪ #‬ﻭ‪$‬ﺍﷲ ﺍﳉﻠﻴﻞ‪] #‬ﻭ‪$‬ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﷲ‪ [#‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﺴﻤﻲ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻭ)‪ (١٠‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ)‪ (١١‬ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ؛ ﻭﻫﻮ‪$ :‬ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ‪.(١٢)#‬‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﷲ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺩﺍﺧ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -٥٤٤‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﺍﷲ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ‪ ..#‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﹶﻛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ)‪ (١٣‬ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ)‪.(١٤‬‬
‫‪ -٥٤٥‬ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﳓﻨﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺭﻛﻮﻋﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺳﺠﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻃﺎﻗﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ)‪.(١٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٢٥/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٧٧/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٢٨‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٥٥‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٢٥/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٤٩/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٢٥/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻧﺎﻓﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٢٥/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٢٦/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٢٧/٢‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ‪ .‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٥٣/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٢٧/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٥٣/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٧٧/٢‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٣/٢‬‬
 ‫‪٢٢٩‬‬

‫‪ -٥٤٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺭﺍﻛ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﻓﻜﱪ ﺗﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻝ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ‪..‬‬
‫ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٥٤٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﱪ ﻣﻨﺤﻨ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٥٤٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﹶﻛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺧﻠﻂ)‪] (٣‬ﺗﻜﺒﲑﺓ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺽ[ ﺑﺘﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﻧﺎﻓﻠﺔ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٥٤٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﱪ ﺛﻨﺘﲔ)‪(٥‬؛ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹰﺓ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﺠ ﹺﺰﹸﺋ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﳛﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ‬
‫‪ -٥٥٠‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﱂ ﳛﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻟ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻜ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﷲ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٥٥١‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٥٥٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﳛﺴﻦ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ)‪ ..(٩‬ﱂ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﳑﺎ ﳛﺴﻦ‬
‫ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﺰﻳ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺰﺩ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٢٨/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٢٨/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺧﻠﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٢٨/٢‬‬
‫‪ .‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺛﻨﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﻘﻮﻃﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻓﲔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ؛ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﱪ ﺗﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﻟﻺﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻟﻠﺮﻛﻮﻉ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٧٤/١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪.(١٢٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٣١/٢‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٢‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪.(١٠٠‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﺠﺰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ ﻭﻋﺠﺰ ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ..‬ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺗﻨﻘﺺ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺗﻰ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٤٥/١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٩٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٤٤/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻏﲑﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٣١/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٢‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٠‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺳﺒﻊ ﺁﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻊ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٤٥/١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٩٨‬‬
‫‪ ٢٣٠‬‬

‫ﻱ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﻘﺪ ﹺﺭ ﺁ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٥٥٣‬ﻭﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻗﺼﺮﺕ ﺍﻵﻱ ﺃﻭ ﻃﺎﻟﺖ‪ ..‬ﻳﻘﺮﹸﺃ ﺳﺒ ‪‬ﻊ ﺁﻳﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ‪‬ﻥ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺻﻼ ﹸﺓ)‪ (٢‬ﻧﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﲡﺰﺉ‪/٢٨)/‬ﺏ( ﺻﻼ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﺤِ‬‫‪ -٥٥٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﺤﺴِﻨﻮﺍ‪ (٣)/..‬ﺃﹶﺟﺰﹶﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﺻﻼ‪‬ﺗﻬﻢ)‪.(٥) (٤‬‬
‫ﺧﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﹺﺫﺍ ﹶﺃﺣ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺗﺮ ‪‬ﻙ‬ ‫‪ -٥٥٥‬ﻭﻻ ﲡﺰﺉ ﺻﻼ ﹲﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺘﺸﻬﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﱯ ‪ ..(٧ ‬ﺃﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺃﻧﻪ ‪‬ﻋﱠﻠﻤ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹶﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﹶﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ‪$ ،‬ﻗﻞ)‪ :(١٠‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺻﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻝ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ ،(١١)#‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﲝﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻋﺒﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ‪‬ﺓ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺚ)‪ (١٣‬ﻋ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻲ)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺍﻓﺘﺘﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻓ ﹴﻊ)‪ (١٢‬ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٢٣١/٢‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﻞ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻁ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻌﺪﺩ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ؟ ﺇﻥ ﻗﺼﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬
‫ﲞﻼﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻛﺂﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻻ ﺗﻐﲏ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺇﺷﻜﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٥٦‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٣٢/٢‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٣‬ﻛﱰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٣١/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﺴﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٧١/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪(٣٢‬‬
‫ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ ٩٨‬ﻭ‪ (١٠٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٦١/١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٠١‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ ،(٢٦٩/١‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ (٣٧٩/٢‬ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎﺩﳘﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺸﻬﺪ ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻓﻠﻴﻘﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺻﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻝ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺻﻠﻴﺖ ﻭﺑﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻭﺗﺮﲪﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻝ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺇﻧﻚ ﲪﻴﺪ ﳎﻴﺪ" ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪" :‬ﺭﺟﺎﻟﻪ ﺛﻘﺎﺕ ﺇﻻ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺛﻲ ﻓﻴﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ"‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳊﺒﲑ )‪.(٦٣٠/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ ﻣﻮﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺳﻠﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺗﺒﻪ ﻭﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻭﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ‪ :‬ﺛﻘﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪ ،(٩/٣‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(٦٣٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢٣١‬‬

‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺣﲔ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬ ‫‪ -٥٥٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺇﻋﺎﺩ ﹶﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪(٣‬؛ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﲝﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺘﲔ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٥٥٧‬ﻭﻻ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺄﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ ]ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫[ ﺣﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻻ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺄﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪#‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﳍﺎﴰﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺇﺳﻼ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺜﺔ ﺑﻌﺸﺮ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﰊ ﰲ ﺣﺠﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻔﺎﺭﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻬﺪ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺇﻻ ﻏﺰﻭﺓ ﺗﺒﻮﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻪ ﺑﻨﺘﻪ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻗﺒﻪ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ‪ :‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻘﻞ ﻷﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻘﻞ ﻟﻌﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻛﺜ ‪‬ﲑﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﻟﺪﺍﻩ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺷﺘﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﻭﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﺪﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﹸﻗﺘ‪‬ﻞ ﰲ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺪﺓ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ‪ :‬ﲬﺲ ﺳﻨﲔ ﺇﻻ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﻧﺼﻒ ﺷﻬﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ )‪ ،(١٠٨٩/٣‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫)‪.(٤٦٤/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻗﺼﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﻗﻴﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،(٧٧١) ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪ ‬ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻭﺟﻬﺖ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻬﻲ‪) ...‬ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ( ﰒ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ‪$ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﻏﻔﺮ ﱄ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﻭﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﺕ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺳﺮﺭﺕ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﻠﻨﺖ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺳﺮﻓﺖ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﲏ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻡ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﺆﺧﺮ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﺖ‪.#‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﺠﺪﺗﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ ﻟﺘﺮﻛﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٧١/٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٣٢‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (١٠٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ٢٦١/١‬ﻭ‪ (٣٠٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٠١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﲝﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺯﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻠﻴﻒ ﻟﺒﲏ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﻭﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺸﺐ ﺍﻷﺯﺩﻱ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺯﺩ ﺷﻨﻮﺀﺓ ﻭﲝﻴﻨﺔ ﺃﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻑ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺑﻞ ﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﺯﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺯﺩ ﺷﻨﻮﺀﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺝ ﻭﺣﻔﺺ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﻭﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫)‪ ،(٧٩/٣‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(١٨٢/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﱂ ﳚﻠﺲ ﻟﻠﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮﻥ ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻛﻌﱵ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻀﺔ‪ ،(١٢٢٥) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‪.(٥٧٠) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﲢﺖ ﺑﺎﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻬﺮ ﺑـ      
 ﻭﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺻﺮﻡ ﺑﻦ ﻓﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﳋﺰﺭﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻘﻴ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﺍﻓﻞ ﺑﲏ ﻋﻮﻑ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﺰﺭﺝ‪ ،‬ﺁﺧﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺃﰊ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٢٣٢‬‬

‫ﺖ‬
‫ﻒ ﺇﻣﺎ ﹴﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺣﺪ‪‬ﻩ‪ ..‬ﺑ ﹶﻄﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٥٥٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﻌﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﺗﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ‪‬ﻥ ﻭﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﳛﺴﻨ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺻ‪‬ﻼﺗ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺇﹺﻥ ﺗﻌﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺳﻬﻰ ﺑﺘﺮﻙ      
‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﹶﺎﺗ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬

‫‪ -٥٥٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺳﻬﻰ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻊ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﻋﻦ        
‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪..‬‬

‫ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺗﻠﻚ‪ (٢)/‬ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥٦٠‬ﻭﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ)‪(٣‬؛ ﺟﻬﺮ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺑﺄﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﳚﻬﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺁﻳﺔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﺎﻵﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ)‪(٤‬ﻳﺄﰐ ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫‪ -٥٦١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ﱠﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﺰﻟﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻪ)‪(٧‬؛‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺑﻘﻠﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺑﻘﻠﺒﻪ ﺣﱴ ﳛﺮﻙ‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٥٦٢‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﺰﺉ ]ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ[ ﺃ ﹾﻥ ﻳ‪‬ﺤ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟﻠﺼﻼﺓ‬
‫ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺧﺒﺎﺏ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻛﻨﺎ ﻧﻌﺮﻑ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ ﳊﻴﺘﻪ‪.(٨)#‬‬
‫‪ -٥٦٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﳊ ‪‬ﻦ ﰲ ]ﻗﺮﺍﺀ ‪‬ﺓ[ ﺃ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ‪‬ﻥ ﳊ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﳛﻴ ﹸﻞ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻔﻪ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﳊﻦ ﰲ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﺗﻪ؛ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺣﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻬﺪ ﺑﺪ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻭﺍﳋﻨﺪﻕ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺎﻫ ‪‬ﺪ ﹸﻛﱠﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻓﻀﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻭﱄ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻠﺴﻄﲔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ )‪ ،(٨٠٧/٢‬ﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫)‪.(٥٠٥/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٩١‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲢﺮﻙ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٢٩/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ٢٢٩/١‬ﻭ‪.(٢٤٢‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ‪.(٧٦٠) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٤٢/١‬ﺍﻟﻜﱰ )‪ .(٢٣١/١‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٢٦/٢‬ﺃﻥ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻻ‬
‫ﳛﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺼﺢ ﲟﻦ ﳛﺴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻠﺤﻦ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢٣٣‬‬

‫ﺭﻛﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﺒﺢ ﻭﺭﻓﻊ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﰒ ﻋﺎﺩ ﻓﺮﻛﻊ ﻟﻴﺴﺒﺢ)‪ ..(٣‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺧﻄﺄ)‪(٤‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٥٦٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺩﺭﻛﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻌﺘﺪ ‪‬ﺎ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ (٦) -٥٦٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺗﻔﺴﺪ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺯﺍﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻪ)‪(٧‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﻴﺢ‪ (٨)/‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻳﻔﺴﺪ ﺭﻛﻮﻋﻪ)‪.(١٠)/(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٥٦٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺭﻛﻮﻉ)‪ (١١‬ﺃﻭ ﺳﺠﻮﺩ)‪ ..(١٢‬ﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻓﺮﻛﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺠﺪ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫‪ -٥٦٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻛﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﰒ ﺳﻘﻂ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻌﺘﺪﻝ ﺻﻠﺒﻪ ﰒ ﻳﻬﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺴﺠﻮﺩ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻨﺎﳘﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪. :‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﺗﺒﻄﻞ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﺬﻭﺭ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺎﳌﹰﺎ ﺑﺘﺤﺮﱘ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﺑﻄﻠﺖ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻫ ﹰ‬
‫)‪.(١١٤/٤‬‬
‫ﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍ ﹺﻝ ﺣﻜﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺻ‪‬ﻼﺗ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻟﻐ ‪‬ﻮ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﳏﺴﻮ ﹴ‬
‫)‪َ (٥‬ﻷ ﱠﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٥٦/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١١٤/٤‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺪﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍ ﹺﻝ ﻻ ﲢﺴ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٢٩‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" (٢٥٦/٢‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻛﻊ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﺒﺢ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻋﺎﺩ ﻓﺮﻛﻊ ﻟﻴﺴﺒﺢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻠﺖ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﲏ ﰲ @ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﻡ! )‪ ١١٧/١‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪" :‬ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻳﻮﻫﻢ ﺃﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻗﻮﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ؛ ﺑﻞ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺎﻣﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ..‬ﺑﻄﻠﺖ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﻫﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﺗﺒﻄﻞ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺎﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٥٧‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﻛﻮﻋﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺳﺠﻮﺩﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻛﻊ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳌﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﰒ ﻳﺘﺎﺑﻌﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٥٦/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٧٣/١‬‬
‫‪ ٢٣٤‬‬

‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫‪ -٥٦٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻧﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﰒ ﺳﻬﻰ ﻓﺄﺣﺮﻡ‬
‫ﻗﺮﻳ‪‬ﺒﺎ‪ ..‬ﺟﻠﺲ ﻓﻔﺮﻍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﻭﺳﺠﺪ ﳍﺎ ﻟﻠﺴﻬﻮ ﻭﺍﺑﺘﺪﺃ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﻄﺎﻭﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻴﺎﻣﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺭﻛﻊ ﻭﺳﺠﺪ ﳍﺎ‪ ..‬ﺑﻄﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥٦٩‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻮ ﺳﻬﻰ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺣﱴ ﺩﺧﻞ ﰲ ﻧﺎﻓﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﻗﺮﻳ‪‬ﺒﺎ‪..‬‬
‫ﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻭﺃﲤﻬﺎ ﻭﺳﺠﺪ ﻟﻠﺴﻬﻮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻄﺎﻭﻝ ﻭﺭﻛﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﺑﻄﻠﺖ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻴﺪﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺙ ﻭﻗﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻇ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺎﻡ)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻧﺴﻲ)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ‪،‬‬
‫‪ -٥٧٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﰲ ﺛﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻗﺮﻳ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ ..‬ﺭﺟﻊ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺟﻠﻮﺳﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻳﻮﻡ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ )‪(٨) (٧‬؛‬
‫‪ -٥٧١‬ﻭﻻﻳﻀﺮﻩ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﺳﺎﻫ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﻗﻠﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﲑﺟﻊ ﻭﻳﺒﲏ ﻭﻳﺴﺠﺪ ﺳﺠﺪﰐ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﻄﺎﻭﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ)‪.(٩‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺐ ﺃﹶﻥ ﻳﻌﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻓﻴﻌﺘﺪ ﹶﻝ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍ ﹶﻝ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻂ ﰲ ﺭ‪‬ﻛﻮ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺃﹶﻥ ﻳﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺪﻝﹶ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺭﻛ ‪‬ﻊ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻃﻤﹶﺄﻥﱠ‪ ،‬ﱠﰒ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻘ ﹶ‬
‫ﻉ ﺭﻛﻦ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٥٦/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٥١/١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻛﻮ ﹺ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺣﺮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻗﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻨﺴﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٧٤/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٤٣/٤‬ﻭﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﺮﺑﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﱰﻝ ﺑﺬﻱ ﺧﺸﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻮ ﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﲔ ﺧﺰﺍﻋﻲ‬
‫ﺣﻠﻴﻒ ﻟﺒﲏ ﺯﻫﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻗﺘﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺑﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﺵ ﺣﱴ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻬﺪﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﳌﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻬﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺧﻴﱪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺪﺭ ﺑﺄﻋﻮﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﻳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺬﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﲔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ )‪،(٤٧٥/٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(٢٣٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺳﺠﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺠﺪﺗﲔ‪ ،(١٢٢٧) ،...‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ ﻟﻪ‪،‬‬
‫)‪.(٥٧٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٨١/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٤/٤‬‬
 ‫‪٢٣٥‬‬

‫‪ -٥٧٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺩﺧﻞ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﺴﻬﻰ ﻭﺍﻧﻘﻠﺒﺖ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻗﺮﻳ‪‬ﺒﺎ‪ ..‬ﺑﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺳﺠﺪ ﻟﻠﺴﻬﻮ ﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﻗﻴﺎﻣﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﻄﺎﻭﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫‪ -٥٧٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺎﻭﻝ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﱂ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺣﲔ ﺳﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻣﺴﺄﻟﺘﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٥٧٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ)‪ :(٦‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﺼﺮﻑ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻋﺎﻑ ﺃﻭ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﺯ)‪ (٧‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﻮﻝ‪/٢٩)/‬ﺏ( ﺃﻭ ﻏﺎﺋﻂ‪ ..‬ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺙ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻭﱠﻟﻰ ﻇﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ]ﻋﻦ[ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ؛ ﳊﺪ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٥٧٥‬ﻭﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻭﱠﻟﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪ (١)/‬ﻭﻇﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻤﺖ ﻭﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﺎﱂ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻄﺎﻭﻝ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﻠﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" (٤٣/٤‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻭﻗﺼﺮﻩ؛ ﻭﰱ ﺿﺒﻄﻪ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ ﻭﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ؛ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻼ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻛﺜﲑ‪‬ﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﺜﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﰲ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻑ؛ ﻓﺎﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪﻭﻩ ﻗﻠﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻊ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪﻧﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻗﺪﺭ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻭﻧﻪ‪ ..‬ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﺳﺤﻖ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺯﻱ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﱪ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ"‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺺ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﺙ ﻭﺣﺮﻛﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﻭﺝ ﺣﱴ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﳋﻼﺀ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺯ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﺍﳋﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻏﻤ ‪‬ﺰ ﺍﳊﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻘﺮﻗﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻗﺮﻗﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺯ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻊ ﳚﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﰲ ﺑﻄﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﳚﺪ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﺯﺍ ﰲ ﺑﻄﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻏﻤ ‪‬ﺰﺍ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﺙ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(١٥٤-١٥٣/١٥‬‬
‫ﺺ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪(٦٦/٢‬‬
‫ﺙ‪ ..‬ﺑ ﹶﻄﻠﹶﺖ ﺻ‪‬ﻼﺗ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﳊ ‪‬ﺪ ﹸ‬ ‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶ‬
‫ﺙ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﺃﹶﻭ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪ ﹺﱘ ﻭﻗﻮ ﹲﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﹶﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ -‬ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٦/٢‬ﻭﺫﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺭﺟ‪‬ﻮﻋ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ : -‬ﺃﹶﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺙ ﺑﻐ ﹺﲑ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﹺﻩ ﹶﻛﺄﻥ ﺳﺒﻘﹶﻪ ﺍﳊﺪﺙﹸ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻳﺘﻄﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﻳﺒﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻼﺗ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻠﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻌﻰ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﺒﻄ ﹸﻞ ﺻ‪‬ﻼﺗ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﹺﻥ ﺃﹶﺣﺪ ﹶ‬
‫ﺝ ﺇﻟﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﲢﺼﻴ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳌﺎ ِﺀ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻜﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺣﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻭﻳﺸﺘﺮ ﹸ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻭﺗﻘﻠﻴ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎ ﹺﻝ ﲝﺴ ﹺ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٥/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٧١/١‬ﻛﱰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﲔ )‪ (١٧٩/١‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ،(١١٨/٢‬ﻭﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﺙ ﺇﻻ ﺇﻥ ﲢﻮ‪‬ﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٢٣٦‬‬

‫ﻑ)‪ (٤‬ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬

‫ﱯ ‪ ‬ﺍﻧﻔﺘ ﹶﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ]ﺻﻠﻰ[ ﻗﻂ ﺇﻻ ﺳﺎﻫ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﻓﺒﲎ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -٥٧٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ)‪ :(٣‬ﻭﻻ ﻧﻌﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ‪ (٥‬ﹶﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﺑ‪‬ﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﻀ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻭﱠﻟﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺻﻼﺗ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫)ﻭﻻ ﻧﻌﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ؛ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﻦ ﳐﺮﻣﺔ)‪.(٧)(٦‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ ‬ﻻ ﲡﺰﺉ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺑﻐﲑ‬
‫‪ -٥٧٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﺃﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﹸﻃﻬﻮﺭ‪.(٩)(٨)#‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٥٨‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٧٤/٢‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٤-٤٣/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﻦ ﳐﺮﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻧﻮﻓﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺪ ﲟﻜﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﺑﺴﻨﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻭﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﻭﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﲟﻜﺔ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﳊﺼﲔ ﺑﻦ ﳕﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺔ ﰲ ﺟﻴﺶ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺓ ﹶﻓ ﹸﻘ‪‬ﺘﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻪ ﺣﺠﺮ‬
‫ﺠ ﹺﺮ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﻞ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﳊ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺠﻴﻖ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﰲ ﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(٣٩٩/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻪ ‪ ‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٢٨/٢‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٦/٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ ،(٣٤٢/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ (٢٥٧/٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰱ ‪$‬ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ‪@ :#‬ﻟﻮﻻ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻟﺮﺃﻳﺖ‬
‫ﻑ ﺃﻭ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ‪‬ﻩ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ ﰱ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ!‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻑ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻟﺮﻋﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺃﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﺟﻊ ﰱ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﻦ ﳐﺮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﷲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫)‪ ،(١٧٤/٣‬ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪..." :‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﱳ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ (١٧٤/٣‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ‪."...‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺎﻣﺶ )ﺃ( ﺣﺎﺷﻴ ﹲﺔ ﱂ ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻊ ﻗﺮﺍﺀ‪‬ﺎ ‪-‬ﺇﻻ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‪ :‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ‪-‬؛ ﻟﺼﻐﺮ ﺍﳋﻂ ﻭﻟﺴﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ؛ ﺇﺫ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﻧﺎﺳﺦ )ﻡ( ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻃﻬﻮﺭ‪ ،(١٣٥) ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ‪ ، ‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪:‬‬
‫‪$‬ﻻ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺻﻼﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺘﻮﺿﺄ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،(٢٢٤) ،‬ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ، ‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﻻ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻃﻬﻮﺭ‪.#‬‬
 ‫‪٢٣٧‬‬

‫ﻒ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬؛ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺳﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﹶﻧ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺟﺒﻬ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ‬
‫‪ -٥٧٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﳉﺒﻬ ﹸﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﺟﺒﻬ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﳚﺰﺋﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺳﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺒﻬ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺃﻧ ‪‬ﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٥٧٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺳﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻮ ﹺﺭ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻤﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺔ)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﻀ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٥٨٠‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺳﺘﺮ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺜﻮﺏ ﻓﺼﻠﻰ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ‪.(٦)(٥)/‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺼﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺒﺴﻮﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‬ ‫‪ -٥٨١‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺠﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺄﺱ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺃﺳﻪ ﺃﻭ ﲜﺒﻬﺘﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻭﻳﺮﺗﻔﻊ)‪ (١١‬ﻣﻌﻪ ﻻ‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٥٨٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٩‬ﺳﺠﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻮﺏ ‪‬ﻣﻌ‪‬ﺼﻮﺏ‬
‫ﻳﻔﺎﺭﻗﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -٥٨٣‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻌﺘﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻴﻪ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺬﻳ ﹺﻦ ﻭﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻭﻳﻔﻀﻲ ﺑﻮﺭﻛﻪ‬
‫‪ -٥٨٤‬ﻭﳚﻠﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻵ ‪‬ﺧ ﹺﺮ ﺟﻠﻮ ‪‬ﺳﺎ ﳚﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦٠/٢‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٥٦-٢٥٥/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦٠/٢‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٥٥/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﻛﻮ ‪‬ﺭﺍ‪ :‬ﻻﺛﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻭ ﹴﺭ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﶈﻜﻢ ﻭﺍﶈﻴﻂ ﺍﻷﻋﻈﻢ )‪(١٣٦/٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ )‪ (٨٠٩/٢‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ )‪ ،(٢٠٨/٤‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٧٥/١٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺟﺒﻬﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦٠/٢‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٥٦/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٩٢‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦٠/٢‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٥٦/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻞ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺑﺎﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻀﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٥٦/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻐﺼﻮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺮﻓﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٥٦/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻠﺴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦٩/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٦١/١‬‬
‫‪ ٢٣٨‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻷﺭﺑﻊ ﺳﺠﺪﺍﺕ؛ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﺳﺠﺪﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﺱ‬
‫‪ -٥٨٥‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﻍ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﰒ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻧﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﲤﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺛﻨﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﺮﻛﻌﺘﲔ ﻣﻊ ﺳﺠﻮﺩﳘﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٥٨٦‬ﻭﺳﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻬ ﹺﻮ ﹸﻛﱡﻠﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ)‪.(٥)(٤‬‬
‫‪] -٥٨٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻧﺴﻲ ﺃﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻊ ﺳﺠﺪﺍﺕ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﺘﻬﻦ ﻫﻲ‪ ..‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺰﻟﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍ َﻷ ‪‬ﺷﺪ‪‬؛‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺓ)‪ (٧‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷُﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺠﺪﺗﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜ ﹸﺔ ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺗﻤ‪‬ﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣ‪‬ﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬‬‫ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻩ)‪ (٦‬ﻧ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺳﺠﺪﺓﹰ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﹶﺄﺿ‪‬ﻔﻨﺎ ﺇﹺﱃ ﺍﻷُﻭﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜ ‪‬ﺔ ﺳﺠﺪ ﹰﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﺘﻤﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻄﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺪ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ؛‬
‫ﻒ‪ /‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﺳﺠﺪ ﹰﺓ ﻳﺴﺠﺪ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺘﻤﺖ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻉ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻀﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻷﻧﻪ ﺳﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﺮﻛﻌﺘﲔ ﺑﺴﺠﻮﺩﳘﺎ ﻭ]ﺳﺠﻮﺩ[ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ‪.(١٠) (٩)/‬‬
‫‪ -٥٨٨‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ ‬ﹺﺇﺫﹶﺍ ‪‬ﺷﻚ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﻛﹸﻢ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﻠﻰ ﭐﻟ‪‬ﻴﻘ‪‬ﲔ‪ ، #‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ‬
‫ﻼ ﺗﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺳﺠﺪ ﹰﺓ ﺛﹸﻢ ﻗﺎ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺱ ﱂ ﳜﺘﻠﻔﻮﺍ ﻟﻮ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹰ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻷُﻭﹶﻟﻰ ﹺﺑ‪‬ﺘﻤ‪‬ﺎﻣ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺬﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﺮ ‪‬ﻙ)‪ (١١‬ﻗﺮﺍ َﺀﺗ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﺘ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺍ َﺀ ‪‬ﺓ)‪.(١٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺟﻠﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺭﻙ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦٧/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٦١/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻧﺎﺳﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻓﺘﺘﻢ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‪ ...‬ﻓﺘﺤﺼﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪(١١٧‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٧/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣١‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١١٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١١٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٣٠/١‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﻭﻫﻲ ﺑﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﲏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﲏ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻧﺼﻮﺹ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺰﻭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٥٩‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﲏ ﰲ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻪ ﻟﻸﻡ )‪ (٢٤٩/١‬ﻋﻦ ﲨﻊ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻣﻊ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﺣﺮﻑ ﻳﺴﲑﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٧/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺗﺮﻙ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٦-٤٥/٤‬‬
 ‫‪٢٣٩‬‬

‫ﺏ ﻓﺼﻼﻫﺎ ﺃﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﻭﺳﻬﻰ ﺑﺄﺭﺑﻊ ﺳﺠﺪﺍﺕ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺎﺕ‪ ..‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺰﻟﻨﺎﻫﺎ؛ ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻨﺎﻩ ﰲ‬
‫‪ -٥٨٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺳﻬﻰ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻐﺮ ﹺ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺳﻬﻰ ﺳﺠﺪ ﹰﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺳﺠﺪﺗﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻤﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﻤﻤﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺳﺠﺪﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﺼﺎﺭﺕ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻀﻴﻒ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﺳﺠﺪﺓ ﻳﺴﺠﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺘﺘﻢ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﻭﺳﺠﺪﺗﻴﻬﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻍ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻭ ﹶﻝ ﺻﻼﺗ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﺮ ﹶ‬ ‫‪ -٥٩٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺩﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﰲ ﺁﺧ ﹺﺮ ﺻﻼﺗ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ‪ ..‬ﻗﻀﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻘﹶﻪ )ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﻪ‪ ،(٥) (٤‬ﻭﻗﺮﹶﺃ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﺑﺄ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ‪‬ﻥ ﻭﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﺎﺗﻪ)‪(٦‬؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫ﻀﻮﺍ‪ ،(٧)#‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ)‪ (٨‬ﻋﻠﻰ ]ﻣﺜﻞ[ ﻣﺎ ﻓﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼﱡﻠﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻓﺎ‪‬ﺗ ﹸﻜﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﭑ ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬
‫‪$ : ‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩ ﹺﺭ ﹾﻛ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻚ ﺣﲔ‬
‫‪ -٥٩١‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠ ﹸﺔ ﰲ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺩﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﳚﻌﻠﹸﻪ ﺃﻭ ﹶﻝ ﺻﻼﺗ‪‬ﻪ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳ ﹸ‬
‫)‪(١٠)(٩‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪]$ :‬ﻣﻦ[ ﱂ ﻳﺪﺭ ﺃﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺃﻡ ﺃﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﱭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻘﲔ‪ ،#‬ﻓﺄﺧﱪ‬
‫ﱯ ‪) ‬ﻋ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺪﹶﺃ‪ (١‬ﺑﺎﻷﻭﱃ ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﻢ)‪ (١‬ﻟﻪ ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜ ﹶﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻼ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺄﺿﻔﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻﺕ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺎﺑﻂ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﲢﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻖ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﻮﻁ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺩﺧﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٠‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٣١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (١١٧/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٢٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻭﻫ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺎﰲ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻀﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﺁﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﺻﻼﺗ‪‬ﻪ؛ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﹸﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺀ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭ ‪‬ﺓ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ..‬ﻟﺌﻼ ﲣﻠﻮ ﺻﻼﺗ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺀ ‪‬ﺓ‬
‫ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٠‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٣١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (١١٧/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٣٨٧/١‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﺎ ‪‬ﺭ‬
‫ﱐ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺃﺻﺢ ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺰ ﱡ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻗﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺻﻠﻪ –ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪.-‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ‪ ، ‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺴﻌﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺄﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻜﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺭ‪ ،(٦٣٦) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﺇﺗﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺑﻮﻗﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻜﻴﻨﺔ‪.(٦٠٢) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺧﱪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﳌﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺑﺘﻤﺎﻣﻬﺎ‪ ...‬ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻭﲤﺖ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ"‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﺣﺮﻑ ﻳﺴﲑﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٢٤٠‬‬

‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ؛ ﺃﻭ ﹸﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺩﺭ ‪‬ﻙ)‪ ..(٢‬ﺃﻭ ﹸﻝ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻢ)‪ (٣‬ﻟﻪ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ (٤)/،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ‪ ..‬ﺁﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﺻﻼﺗ‪‬ﻪ!‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﻣﺮ‪‬ﻩ ﺃﻥ )ﻳﻌﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻥ‪ (٥‬ﻳﻨﻮﻱ )ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬
‫ﰒ ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺔ‪ (٦‬ﰒ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﰒ ﺃﻭﱃ‪.‬‬
‫ﻒ)‪ (٨‬ﻧﻴ ﹸﺔ )ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮ ﹺﻡ‪/٣٠)/‬ﺏ( ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ‪(٩‬؟ ﻗﻴﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫‪] -٥٩٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪) [:‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :(٧‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﺃﻥ ‪‬ﺗﺨﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﻙ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ ﻓﺼﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻪ ﰒ ﻗﻀﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻓﺎﺗ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺃﺩﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎ ‪‬ﺫ ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ)‪(١٠‬؛ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﺣﲔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪‬‬ ‫‪$‬ﻗﹶﺪ ‪‬ﺳﻦ‪ ‬ﹶﻟﻜﹸﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺎﺫ ﻓﹶﺎﺋ‪‬ﺘﻤ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﺑﹺﻪ‪ ،(١٢)#‬ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻌﺎﺫ‪/‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ ﰒ ﻳﺼﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻘﻮﻣﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ : ‬ﻣﻦ ﻳﺘﺼﺪﻕ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪﺭﻙ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٩٢‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻳﻌﻘﺪ ﺑﺄﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﰒ ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ ﺏ ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ .‬ﻭ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳜﺎﻟﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٥٠/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٦٦/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٢٢١٢٤ :٤٣٦/٣٦‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺍﻷﺫﺍﻥ‪ ،(٥٠٧) ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‬
‫)‪.(٢٩٦/٢‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ )‪" :(١٠٩/٢‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ"‪.‬ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺤﻪ ﰲ‬
‫)‪ (٥٠٤/١‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ )‪" :(٤٢٧-٤٢٦/٢‬‬
‫ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ؛ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻤﺎﱐ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٦٠‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺼﺪﻕ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢٤١‬‬

‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﻴﺼﻠﻲ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،(١)#‬ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ]ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ[)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺻﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺑﻄﺎﺋﻔﺘﲔ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ﺳﺎﻫ‪‬ﻴﺎ؛‬
‫ﺩﺧ ﹶﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺳﺒ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺮﻛﻌﺔ‪‬؛ ﻓﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﲬ ‪‬‬ ‫‪] -٥٩٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺗﺒﻌﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺳﻬﺎ)‪ ..(٥‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﺕ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺻﻼﺗ‪‬ﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﺗﺒﻌﻪ)‪ (٧‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻬ ﹺﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ)‪ (٩‬ﲬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺳﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺑ ﹶﻄﻠﹶﺖ ﺻﻼﺗ‪‬ﻪ)‪(٨‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻗﺪ ﺃﺑﺎ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻫ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﻭﻳﻌﺘﺪ ﺑﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺣﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﻬﻰ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺣﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺻﻼ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﺪ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﺍﻹﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ‪ ..‬ﻳﻌﺘﺪﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻔﻪ؛ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺗﺒﻌﻮﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ ،(٣٤٢٧ :٢٩٤/٢‬ﻭﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (١١٠١٩ :٦٣/١٧‬ﻭ)‪ ،(٤٠٨ :٧/١٨‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻣﺮﺗﲔ‪ ،(٥٧٤) ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﻗﺪ ﺻﻠﻲ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺓ‪ ،(٢٢٠) ،‬ﻭﺣﺴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﳝﺔ )‪ ،(١٦٣٢ :٦٣/٣‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ )‪ (٢٣٩٧ :١٥٧/٦‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ‬
‫)‪ (٢٠٩/١‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪.(١١٥/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻮ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﰲ ﻧﺴﺒﻪ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺻﻐﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺭﻳﲔ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﱂ ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺑﺪ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ﻭﻻ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ؛ ﻣﻨﻌﲏ ﺃﰊ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺷﻬﺪ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻏﺰﻭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺪ‬
‫ﻒ ﺑﺼﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻋﻤﺮﻩ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑ ﹴﻊ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﲔ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪ ، ‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻜﺜﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻟﻠﺴﻨﻦ‪ ،‬ﹸﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(٣٠٧/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻗﺼﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ‪ ،(٨٤٠) ،‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٤٨/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺳﺎﻫﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﺒﻌﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣١٣/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺼﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﺒﻌﻮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻼ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٢٤٢‬‬

‫‪ -٥٩٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﺒﻌﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺣﲔ ﺳﻬﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺄﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ‪ ..‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﺒﻌﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﺗﺒﻌﻮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻮﺣﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﺼﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻧﺒﻴ‪‬ﻪ ‪ ‬ﺗﻨﺎﻫﺖ‬
‫ﺾﺍُ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻋﻬﻢ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺽ؛ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺻﻞ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺍﺋﻀ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﻤ‪‬ﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻊ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩ ‪‬ﺓ)‪ ..(٤‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ (٥‬ﻟﻠﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻳﻌﻴﺪ)‪.(٦‬‬

‫)‪‹iŒ '6 P‬א ‪fs‬وא‪2‬א‪k‬א ‪ (٧ kNZ‬‬

‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻴ ‪‬ﻖ‬ ‫‪ -٥٩٥‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ)‪ (٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﳚﺰﺉ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹶﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺷﻌﺮ‪‬ﻫﺎ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺘﺮ‪‬ﻫﺎ)‪ ،(١٠) (٩‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑ ﹸﻎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻐﻄﻲ ﻇﻬﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ﻗﺪﻣﻴﻬﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺍﳋﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻴ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺘ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺻﺪﺭ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪.(٤) (٣)/‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻔﺴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺄﺻﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﺒﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﺎﻣﺪﺍ‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ‪."...‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﻣﺎ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺍﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﻣﺎ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ( ﰲ )‪/١٠‬ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﺘﺘﺮ ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٠٣/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٨‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺗﺮ ﺻﻔﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﲝﻴﺚ ﻻ ﳛﻜﻲ ﻟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﺓ"‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٨٤/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٧٦/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻈﻬﺮ ﻗﺪﻣﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺟﻬﻬﺎ ﻭﻛﻔﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٩٩/٢‬ﻭ‪ (٢٠١‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٢٩‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ .(٢٨٣/١‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺑﺎﻃﻦ ﻗﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻌﻮﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﺘﺘﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٣١‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(٢٠٣/٢‬ﻭﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ ﺃﻻ ﺗﺼﻠﻲ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺟﻠﺒﺎﺏ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺫﻟﻚ –ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻉ ﻭﺍﳋﻤﺎﺭ‪ -‬ﻭﲡﺎﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺌﻼ ﻳﺼﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻉ"‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٧٧/٣‬‬
 ‫‪٢٤٣‬‬

‫)‪ ،(٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺰ ‪‬ﺭ ﺃﺯﺭﺍﺭ‪‬ﻩ ﻭﱂ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬

‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺇﺫﹶﺍ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺯﺭ‪‬ﺍﺭ‪‬ﻩ‬
‫ﺱ ﺑﺼﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹺﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻮ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٥٩٦‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﺯﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﻭﻻ ﺳﺮﺍﻭﻳﻞ‪ ،(٣)/‬ﻭﺻﻠﻰ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ)‪(٥) (٤‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺮﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻙ ]ﹶﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺔ[‪.(٦)#‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ $ :‬ﺯﺭ‪ ‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹺﺑ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻟﻠﺨﻴﻼﺀ)‪ ،(٢)(١‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﻝ ﻟﻐﲑ‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٥٩٧‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﻝ‬
‫ﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻴﻼﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺧﻔﻴﻒ)‪(٤‬؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪» :‬ﹺﺇ ﱠﻥ ﹺﺇﺯ‪‬ﺍﺭﹺﻱ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻘ ﹸ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﻢ‪.(١)#‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹺﺇ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﻯ ‪‬ﺷ ﱠﻘ ‪‬ﻲ« ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪$ :‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺯﺭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺯﺍﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻛﻼ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻌﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٠٢/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٨٤/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٦١‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻊ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﺳﻄﻪ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻳ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﺭ ﺟﻴﺒ‪‬ﻪ ‪-‬ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ‪ -‬ﺃﹶﻭ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻓﹶﺎﻟﻮﺍﺟ ‪‬‬
‫)‪َ (٥‬ﻷ ﱠﻥ ﻋﻮﺭﺗ‪‬ﻪ ﺗ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻯ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻛﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺐ ﹺﺑﺸ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ﻳ‪‬ﻠﻘﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘﹶﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٠٣-٢٠٢/٢‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٨٤/١‬‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻴ ﹺ‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٠٢/٢‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﰲ ﻗﻤﻴﺺ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪،(٦٣٢) ،‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﺴﻨﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﰲ ﻗﻤﻴﺺ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ )‪ ،(٧٦٥‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ ،(٢٥٠/١‬ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﻛﻮﻉ ‪. ‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﱠﻠﻘﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻴﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ )‪ ٧٩/١‬ﻁ‪.‬‬
‫ﻃﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺓ( ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﻛﻮﻉ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻩ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺑﺸﻮﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ‬
‫ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻈﺮ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺘ ‪‬ﺮ‪ :‬ﹶﺃﺭﺧﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ )‪ ،(٣٣٣/١١‬ﳐﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪.(٢٦٤‬‬ ‫)‪ (٧‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(١٨١/٣‬ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﻳﺴ ‪‬ﺪﻝ ﻭﻳﺴ ‪‬ﺪﻝ ﺑﻀﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻝ ﻭﻛﺴﺮﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺳﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺼﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻴﻼﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ .‬ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻱ )‪ (٢٦٣/١٠‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻔﻠﺢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻉ )‪ (٥٩/٢‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺨﻴﻠ ﹸﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎ ﹺﻝ ﻭﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍﻟﻜ ‪‬ﱪ‬
‫ﳋ‪‬ﻴﻼﺀ‪ ..‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻜ ‪‬ﱪ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺣﺠﺮ ﺍﳍﻴﺘﻤﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﺟﺮ )‪ (٣٠٢/١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﺍ ِﹸ‬
‫ﺱ"‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ )‪" :(٢٥٩/١٠‬ﺍﻟﺒ‪‬ﻄ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﺨﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﺬﻣﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺷﻤ‪ ‬ﺮ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻮﺑ‪‬ﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺤﻘﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ﹺ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻐﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ( ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﻜﺮﻭﻩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (١٨٢/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٦٩/٢‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ (١٩٦/٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻱ )‪" :(٢٦٣/١٠‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﺎﻝ ﻟﻐﲑ ﺍﳋﻴﻼﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﲢﺮﳝﻪ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﺪ ﰲ‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٢٤٤‬‬

‫‪ -٥٩٨‬ﻭﻳﺘﻘﻲ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ] ‪‬ﻣﻦ[ ﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺣﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺜﻮﺑﻪ ﲢﺖ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻟﻐﲑ ﺍﳊﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻔﻀﻲ ﺑﻴﺪﻳﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﻼﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﰲ ﺫﻡ ﺍﻹﺳﺒﺎﻝ ﳏﻤﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻘﻴﺪ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﳛﺮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮ ﻭﺍﻹﺳﺒﺎﻝ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻴﻼﺀ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪" :(٦٣/١٤‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻧـﺰﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﲔ ﻓﻬﻮ ﳑﻨﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﺨﻴﻼﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﳑﻨﻮﻉ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻊ ﲢﺮﱘ ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻤﻨﻊ ﺗﻨـﺰﻳﻪ "‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺍﻛﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺭﻱ )‪ ،(٥٣/٢١‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﺮﻳﺐ )‪(١٦٦/٨‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﻱ )‪ (٢٩٧/٢١‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻳﻦ )‪ (٣٥١/٦‬ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﻳﺔ )‪ (٣٣٣/٥‬ﺑﺬﻝ ﺍ‪‬ﻬﻮﺩ )‪ ،(٤١١/١٦‬ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻔﻠﺢ ﰲ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ )‪ (٤٩٢/٣‬ﻋﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬
‫»ﺍﶈﻴﻂ« ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ‪. ‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻱ )‪ ٥٩٠/٢‬ﻭ‪.(٥٩١‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳊﻨﺎﺑﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻐﲏ )‪ (٢٩٨/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻉ )‪ (٦٠/٢‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ ﲢﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻼ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﲢﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ »ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ« ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﳜﻒ ﺧﻴﻼﺀ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ َﻷﻭﱃ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ )‪ (٤٩٢/٣‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ ‪ ‬؛ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻫﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ‪ :‬ﺟﺮ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺩ ﺍﳋﻴﻼﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻛﻼﻡ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﲪﻬﻢ ﺍﷲ‪ ...‬ﻓﻬﺬﻩ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ"‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ )‪" :(٤٩٣/٣‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺗﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ‪ ‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﲢﺮﳝﻪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻜﺮﺍﻫﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻋﺪﻣﻬﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺮﺟﻢ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ )‪ ،(٢٨٢/٢‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺟﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺳﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺭ ﺯﺟﺮ ﺣﺘﻢ ﻟﻌﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﳋﻴﻼﺀ ﻓﻤﱴ ﻋﺪﻣﺖ ﺍﳋﻴﻼﺀ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺑﺈﺳﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺭ ﺑﺄﺱ" ﻭﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﻛﺎﱐ ﰲ ﻧﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻃﺎﺭ‬
‫)‪.(١١٢/٢‬‬
‫ﻱ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ١٨٢/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٣٣٨/٤‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ )‪ (٢٦٣/١٠‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻘ ﹶﻞ ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪.(١٥٩/٣‬‬
‫ﺏﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻨﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ‪ ‬ﺇﺫ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ @ﺑﺎﺏ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ﺇﺯﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻩ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ‪‬ﺧﻴ‪‬ﻼﺀ!‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪ ‬ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺑ‪‬ﻜ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ‬
‫ﻼ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺗﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺠ ‪‬ﺪ‪#‬‬ ‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ﺛﻮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺠ ﹰ‬
‫ﱯ ‪ ‬ﻓﻘﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﻭﳓﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫‪$ ‬ﺧﺴﻔﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﻣﺄ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﺮﻳﺐ )‪.(١٧٣/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ )‪ (٣٦٦٥‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪.(٢٠٨٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳏﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻜﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢٤٥‬‬

‫‪z‬א ‪Y0>D‬א ‪xkNZ‬‬

‫‪] -٥٩٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺳﻬﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ؛ ﻧﻘﺼﺎ‪‬ﻧﺎ)‪ (٢‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺳﻬ ‪‬ﻮﺍ)‪ (٣‬ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪ (٤‬ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪ ..(٥)/‬ﻓﺴﺠﺪﺗﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ ﲡﺰﺉ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺗﺸﻬﺪ ﻭﺳﻼﻡ‬
‫)‪.(٨‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٦١/٢‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺿ ﹺﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﻇﻬﺮﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ‪ .‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪(١٠٢‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣ ﹺ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳ ﹺﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻛﺒﺘ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٥٦/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٠٢/٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﳚﺐ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺒﺘﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﲔ ﻗﻄﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻻ ﳚﺐ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻗﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻹﳚﺎﺏ‪ ..‬ﻛﻔﻰ ﻛﺸﻒ‬
‫ﺾ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٥٧/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٠٥/٣‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌ ﹴ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﻭ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺳﻬﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/١٠‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‪:‬‬
‫• ﺳﺠﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﻭﻟﻠﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻟﺘﺮﻙ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭ ﻭﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٧١/٢‬ﻭ‪(٢٧٢‬‬
‫ﲟﻔﻬﻮﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣١‬ﲟﻔﻬﻮﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١١٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١١٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪(٢٩٨/١‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٥١/٤‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ٤١/٤‬ﻭ‪ (٥٢‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ )ﺹ‪.(١٦٩‬‬
‫• ﺇﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ ﻭﻛﺜﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺳﺠﺪﺗﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٤٦/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١١٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣١٠/١‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٦١/٤‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٦٢/٤‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ )ﺹ‪.(١٦٩‬‬
‫• ﳏﻠﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣١‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١١٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١١٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪(٣١٥/١‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٤١/٤‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ )ﺹ‪.(١٦٩‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٢٢/٨‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﺠﺪ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﺺ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻠﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٧٢/٢‬ﰲ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﰒ ﺳﻠﻢ ﻧﺎﺳﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪ ...".‬ﺇﻥ ﻗﺮﺏ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻓﻜﱪ ﰒ ﺟﻠﺲ ﻭﺗﺸﻬﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺳﺠﺪ ﻟﻠﺴﻬﻮ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ" ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ –ﺑﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﲏ‪ (٢٤٦/١) -‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٢٤٦‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٦٠٠‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ )ﻓﺴﺠﺪ ﳍﻤﺎ‪ (١‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬؛ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﻱ )ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :(٤‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺷﻚ ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺠﺪﺗﲔ ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺃﻡ ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‪] ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﱭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻘﻦ[)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺠﺪ‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺭ ﻛﹶﻢ ﺻﻠﻰ؛ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪ (٣)#‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﲏ‪" :‬ﰲ ﲨﻊ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻣﻊ‪ » :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪" :‬ﺳﺠﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﺼﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺳﺦ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺳﺦ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺴﻮﺥ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺳﺠﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺳﺠﺪ ﻟﻠﺴﻬﻮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪ ..‬ﺗﺸﻬﺪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺳﻠﻢ« ﻫﺬﺍ ﻧﻘﻞ ﲨﻊ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻣﻊ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺸﻬ‪‬ﺪ؟‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻞ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻷَﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :-‬ﺃﹶﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺸﻬﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺠﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ ﺳﺠﺪﺗﲔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" (٧١/٤‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ؛ ﺃﺻﺤﻬﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﺸﻬﺪ" ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪(١١٢‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣١٥/١‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ (٥٥١/١‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ )ﺹ‪ .(١٦٩‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ"‪ ...‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺳﺠﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺗﺸﻬﺪ ﻟﻠﺴﻬﻮ ﰒ ﺳﻠﻢ" ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﲏ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ‪-‬ﺑﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﻪ‪" :(٢٤٧/١) -‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﲨﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺠﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻭﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ ﻭﺟﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻏﲑﻩ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" (٧٢/٤‬ﺇﻥ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﻳﺴﺠﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻫﻞ ﻳﺘﺸﻬﺪ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﲔ‪ :‬ﺣﻜﻤﻪ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺳﺠﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻼﻭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﻪ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﻭﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻭﺍﺩﻋﻲ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺴﺠﺪﳘﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﲝﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺳﺒﻖ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﻭ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ( ﻭﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﲏ ﻟﻸﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﺏ ﻭ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻴﺴﺠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﺎﺗﲔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺗﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﲏ ﰲ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻪ ﻟﻸﻡ )‪.(٢٤٧-٢٤٦/١‬‬
 ‫‪٢٤٧‬‬

‫‪kl7`#6 P‬א‪q‬אموא ‪ 0>D‬‬

‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻲ ﺗ‪‬ﻜﺒﲑ ﹶﺓ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍ ﹺﻡ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ ﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ‪..‬‬
‫‪ -٦٠١‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺻﹼﻠﻰ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺉ ﹺﺇ ‪‬ﺣﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﻭﻟﻴ‪‬ﻠ ﹺﻎ‬
‫ﻣﱴ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺒﺘﺪ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻓﺴﻮﺍﺀ ٌ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﻘﻄ ‪‬ﻊ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺍﻏﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹶﺓ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٦٠٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﻧﺴ ‪‬ﻲ ﺇﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ)‪ (٧‬ﺗﻜﺒﲑ ﹶﺓ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍ ﹺﻡ‪ ..‬ﻗﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﻣﱴ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻐﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭ ﹾﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﳑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﭐﺑﺘﺪﺃ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹶﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺣﲔ ﳛﺮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪ ..(١٠‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﻘﻴﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ‬ ‫‪ -٦٠٣‬ﻭﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹾﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺭ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﹶﻠﻰ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹰﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺛﻨﺘ ﹺ‬
‫ﲔ ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻼ ﹺﻡ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﺠ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ (١١‬ﺳﺠﺪﺗ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٦٠٤‬ﻭﻟﺴﺠﺪﰐ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ ﺗﺸﻬﺪ ﻭﺳﻼﻡ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻘﻄﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻴﻠﻐﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٢٧/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٢٧/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٠٠/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺇﻣﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٢٧/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰒ ﻳﺴﺠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣١‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١١٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١١١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٠٨/١‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪(٣٩/٤‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٢/٤‬‬
‫ﲏ ﰲ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻪ ﻟﻸﻡ )‪ (٢٤٧/١‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﺒﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﺴﺠﺪﰐ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ ﺃ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪ ..‬ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻩ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﺠﺪ ﺳﺠﺪﰐ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺘﺸﻬﺪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺃﺭ‬
‫ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻻ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﺠﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﰲ ﺻﻮﺭﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻞ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﻩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﳑﻜ‪‬ﻨﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٢٤٨‬‬

‫ﺱ‪/٣١)/‬ﺏ(‬
‫‪ -٦٠٥‬ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﳛﻤﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻔﻪ ﹸﻛ ﱠﻞ ﺳﻬ ﹴﻮ ﺩﺧ ﹶﻞ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ؛ ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻼ ﹺﻡ ﺳﺎﻫ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﻠﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼ ﹺﻡ ‪‬ﺳﺎ ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻴﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﺒﲑ ﹸﺓ ﺍ ِﻹ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﹺﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻘ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﹺﻡ‪ ،(١)/‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎ ﹺﻡ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻠﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﻞ)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻨﻬﻢ)‪.(٥)(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺮﺍﺀ ﹸﺓ ]ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻡ[ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ‪‬ﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳜﺮﺝ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ (٦‬ﻟﻠﺴﻬ ﹺﻮ ﺳﺠﺪ ﹰﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺠﺪﺗ ﹺ‬
‫ﺐ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺳﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺳﻬ ﹴﻮ ﻓﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﺪ ﹺﺭ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٦٠٦‬ﻭﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴ‪‬ﻘﲔﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺳﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﻠﺴﻬ ﹺﻮ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺛﻼﺙ‪ ..‬ﺭﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ‬
‫‪ -٦٠٧‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﻬﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻼ ﹺﻡ ﺃﻭ)‪ (٨‬ﻋﻦ ﺭﻛﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻼ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺭﻛﻌﺘ ﹺ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻬ ﹺﻮ ‪‬ﻩ‪ (٩‬ﰒ ﻳﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ)‪.(١١)(١٠‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﻓﺘﺸﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﰒ ﺳﺠ ‪‬ﺪ )ﺳﺠﺪﺗ ﹺ‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳ‪‬ﺒﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜ ‪‬ﱪ ﰒ ﺟﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٦٠٨‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (١‬ﺗﻄﺎﻭﻝ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻟﻠﻜﻼﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻩ)‪ ..(٢‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻟﻠﻜﻼﻡ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺳﺎﻫ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﻟﻨﻘﺺ)‪ (١‬ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪] ..‬ﺑﲎ[ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﻳ‪‬ﺒﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﻦ)‪ (٢‬ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﺳﺎﻫ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٦٢‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣١‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١١٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳛﻤﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١١١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣١١/١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪" :(١١٦‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻷﺭﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﺳﺠﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ ﰲ ﺟﱪﻫﺎ ﺑﻞ ﳚﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺭﻙ" ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(٢٧٢/٢‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻓﺴﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺣﱴ ﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺸﻬﺪ ﻫﻮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺳﺎﻫﻴﺎ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﳐﺮﺟﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺮﺏ‪ ..‬ﺩﺧﻞ ﻓﻜﱪ ﰒ ﺟﻠﺲ ﻭﺗﺸﻬﺪ ﻭﺳﺠﺪ ﻟﻠﺴﻬﻮ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ" ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻻ ﳛﻤﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺳﺠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٣١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺳﺠﺪﰐ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺳﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻓﻴﺒﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻄﺎﻭﻝ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٣/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﺴﻬﻮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﺏ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﻟﺴﻬﻮﻩ"‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢٤٩‬‬

‫‪ -٦٠٩‬ﻭﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻛﹸﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ﻟﺼﻼ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻭ ﹶﻗ ﱠﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﺴﻮﺍﺀ‪] ،‬ﻭ[ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﺠﻮﺩ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎ ﹺﻡ ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺃﹶﻥ ﻳﻌﺘﺪ ﹶﻝ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﺭﺟﻊ‬
‫ﰲ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺳﺎﻫ‪‬ﻴﺎ؛ ﻓﺈ ﹾﻥ ﺫﻛ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫‪ -٦١٠‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺛﻨﺘ ﹺ‬
‫ﻓﺠﻠﺲ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻋﺘﺪﺍﻟﻪ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﻣﻀﻰ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﻠﻮﺱ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﺳﺠﺪ‬
‫]ﺳﺠﺪﰐ[ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ)‪ (٨‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﺴﻲ‪ ..‬ﻣﻀﻰ ﰲ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻭﻗ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٦١١‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺴ ‪‬ﻲ ﺻﻼ ﹰﺓ ﹶﻓ ﹶﺬﻛﹶ ‪‬ﺮﻫ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﰲ ﺻ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﻏﲑﹺﻫﺎ ﻭﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺟﺰﺃﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﺴﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦١٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪] (١‬ﻛﺎﻥ[ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺩﺧﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳜﺎﻑ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺣﻀﺮﺕ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻴﺒﺪﺃ ‪‬ﺎ ﰒ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﳜﺎﻑ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺎﻟﱵ ﻧﺴﻲ ﰒ ﻳﻌﻴﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻜﻤﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰲ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺳﺠﺪﺗﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻭﻫﻞ ﻳﺴﺠﺪ ﻟﻠﺴﻬﻮ؟ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﻇﻬﺮﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺴﺠﺪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺻﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺎﺭ )ﺹ‪ -(١٢٠‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ :(٥٩/٤‬ﺇﻧﻪ‬ ‫)‪ ،(٣٠٥/١‬ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ‪-‬ﻧﻘ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﺢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ؛ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١١١‬ﺗﺒﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺮﺭ )ﺹ‪ :(٤٥‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻮﺩ‪ ..‬ﺳﺠﺪ ﻟﻠﺴﻬﻮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻮﺩ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺴﺠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ‪ ..‬ﰎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻠﻮﺳﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺳﺠﻮﺩ ﻟﻠﺴﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(٢٧٣/٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺟﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺑﻌﺪﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺾ‪ ..‬ﻋﺎﺩ ﻓﺠﻠﺲ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺘﻢ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﺠﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻓﻴﺤﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩ ﻟﻠﺠﻠﻮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﺎﻣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻋﺎﳌﹰﺎ ﺑﺘﺤﺮﳝﻪ‪..‬ﺑﻄﻠﺖ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٥٧/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (١١١-١١٠‬ﺍﶈﺮﺭ )ﺹ‪.(٤٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﺴﻬﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٧٣/٢‬ﺍﶈﺮﺭ )ﺹ‪) (٤٥-٤٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ .(١١١-١١٠‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٥٧/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٢٥٠‬‬

‫ﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻴ ﹺﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎ ﹺﺭ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺾ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻛﺜﲑ ‪‬ﺓ ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺎﻫ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﻘ ﹺ‬
‫ﻁ ﰲ ﺻﻠﻮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٦١٣‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶ‬
‫ﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺒ ﹺﺢ ﻭﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺼ ﹺﺮ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺑﺈﻗﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﻟﻜ ﱢﻞ ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﰲ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻧﺎﻓﻠ ﹰﺔ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﺜ ﹺﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺟﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﱵ ﺍﻟﻔﺠ ﹺﺮ )‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺗ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﻭﻻ ﺭﻛﻌ ﹺ‬
‫ﺼﱢﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (٥‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻻ ‪‬ﻳﺼ‪‬ﻠﻲ)‪ (٦‬ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ‪ (٧)/‬ﰲ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗ‪‬ﺘﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦١٤‬ﻭﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻧﺴ ‪‬ﻲ ﺻﻼ ﹰﺓ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﺣﻀﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻧﺴ ‪‬ﻲ ﺻﻼ ﹶﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺻﻼﺓ‪/‬‬
‫‪ -٦١٥‬ﻭﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻧﺴ ‪‬ﻲ ﺻﻼ ﹶﺓ ﺣﻀ ﹴﺮ ﹶﻓ ﹶﺬ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺳ‪‬ﻔ ﹴﺮ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺳﻔ ﹴﺮ ﻓﺬﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺣﻀ ﹴﺮ‪ ..‬ﺻ‪‬ﻼﻫﺎ ﺻ‪‬ﻼ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﺣﻀ‪‬ﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪lZ[#6 P‬א‪  D2‬‬

‫‪ -٦١٦‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﺇﹺﻻ ﺃﹶﻥ ﻳ‪‬ﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻔﺮ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﻳ ‪‬ﺪ‪..‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﺎﳍﺎﴰ ‪‬ﻲ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻣﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﲦﺎﻧﻴ ﹰﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٧٣/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٧٤/٣‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻑ ﻣﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﺘ‪‬ﻘﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﺮﻩ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼ ‪‬‬
‫"ﺍﻷُﻡ" )‪ (٥١٥/٨‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ "ﺍﻷُﻡ" )‪ ،(١٠١/١٠‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٩١‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٧٧/٤‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪. (٧٨/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٩٢/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٩٢‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٦٤/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﺻﺢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﻦ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺗﺒﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪ (٧٨/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١١٦‬ﻭﰲ ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪" :(٢٣٧/١‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﻗﺖ ﻛﺎﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﺤﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺗﺐ‪ ..‬ﻧﺪﺏ ﻗﻀﺎﺅﻩ ﺃﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ"‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ٣٦‬ﻭ‪ (٣٧‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺗﺮ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻀﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ ﻭﺭﻛﻌﺘﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﻻ ﺗﻘﻀﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺾ‪ ،‬ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﺼ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺢ‪ ..‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ﹺ‬
‫ﺼﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﺑﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﲏ )‪ ) (٢٦٢/١‬ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻲ (‪ ...‬ﹺﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻓﹶﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹺﻮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ؛ َﻷ ﱠﻥ ﹶﺃﺑ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ‬‫ﺠ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺗﻘﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟ ﱡﻈ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ..‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ﹺ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﻌﺘ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ﹺﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﹺﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻓﹶﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﻌ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﻟ ﹺﻮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺸ‪‬ﺎ ِﺀ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﹶﺎ ﹶﺓ ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻜﺘ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺑ ﹸﺔ"‬
‫ﺼﻠﹶﺎ ﹸﺓ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹸﺃﻗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻴﻘﻀﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻴﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺣﺪﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٦٣‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٣٢‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢٥١‬‬

‫ﺝ ﺑ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﺃﻭ ﲝ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﰲ ﺑﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﳎﺘﻤﻌﺔ‬

‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳ ‪‬ﺔ)‪(٢‬؛ ﺧﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻮ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٦١٧‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ﺣﱴ ﳜﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ)‪ (٦‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻣﻈﺎ ﱢﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺩﻱ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻈﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﺤﱴ)‪ (٣‬ﳚﺎﻭﺯ ‪‬ﻣﻈﺎﱢﻟﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺩ)‪ ..(٥‬ﻓﺤﱴ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٦١٨‬ﻭﻳﻘﺼﺮ ﰲ ﺭﺟﻮﻋﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺪﻧﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺔ ]ﺃﻭ[ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻣﻈﺎ ﱢﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ)‪ (١‬ﺭﺍﺟ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﺎﳍﺎﴰﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ :(١٣٣‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٦٢/٢‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ :(٤١‬ﺳﺘﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﻣﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ )ﺹ‪ (١٨٤‬ﺳﺘﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻓﺮﺳﺨ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﺣﱴ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻫﺎﴰﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺹ ﻛﻠﱢﻬﺎ ﺷ ﹲﺊ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﻣﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(٢١١/٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺬ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺳﺘﺔ ﻭﺍﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ‪ ..‬ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺳﻮﻯ ﻣﻴﻞ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﻭﻣﻴﻞ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ‪ ...‬ﻓﻼ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺑﲔ ﻧﺼﻮﺻﻪ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪.(٤٥٣/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷَﺭﺽ‪ :‬ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ﻣﻨﺘﻬ‪‬ﻰ ﻣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛ ﱡﻞ ﺛﻼﺛ ‪‬ﺔ ﹶﺃﻣ‪‬ﻴﺎﻝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮﺳ‪‬ﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﺿﻴﻒ ﺇﱃ ﺑﲏ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳍﺎﴰﻲ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺑﲏ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺩﻭﻩ ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻴﻞ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ )‪ ١٨٤٨‬ﻡ( ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺦ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ )‪ ٥٥٤٤‬ﻡ(‪ .‬ﻓﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ )‪ ٨٨٧٠٤‬ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ )‪ (٦٣٥/١١‬ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )ﺹ‪ (٤٨١‬ﺍﻹﻳﻀﺎﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺎﻳﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ )ﺹ‪ ٦٤‬ﻭ‪ (٧١‬ﻣﻌﺠﻢ ﻟﻐﺔ ﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ )ﺹ‪(٤٤١‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺳﲑ ﻳﻮﻣﲔ ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻟﲔ ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺑﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻓﺮﺳﺨ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﺇﺫ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﻫﺎﴰﻴ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺦ‪ :‬ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻣﻴﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺟﻮﺭﻱ )‪-٣٩٢/١‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﺳﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﻣﻴ ﹰ‬
‫‪ (٣٩٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٨٥/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٥٨/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺣﱴ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٦٣/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٢‬‬
‫ﺡ ﺭﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻄ ﹺﻦ ﺇﺑﻞﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ٌﺀ‬
‫ﺻﺒﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻭﻧﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﻄ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬‬‫ﳊﱠﻠ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﺮﺍﻓﻘ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﻠﻌ ﹺ‬
‫ﻓﺄﻭ ﹸﻝ ﺳﻔ ﹺﺮ ﺳﺎﻛ ﹺﻦ ﺍﳋﻴﺎ ﹺﻡ‪ :‬ﻣﺠ‪‬ﺎﻭﺯ ﹸﺓ ﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﺧ‪‬ﺘﺼ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٥٢-٢٥١/٢‬‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻄ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪" :‬ﻳﻨﺒﺖ" ‪-‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻬﺎ‪ -‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﲟﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﻭﻳﺒﻌﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪" :‬ﻳﻨﺒﺚ"‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﲟﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻈﻬﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٤٦٤/٢‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺩﻱ‪ ..‬ﻓﺤﱴ ﻳﻨﺒﺖ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﱰﻟﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﲔ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" (٣٦٣/٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺩ‪ ..‬ﻓﺤﱴ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺩ‪ ..‬ﻓﺤﱴ ﻳﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﱰﻟﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٣٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٥٢-٢٥١/٢‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ )ﺹ‪.(١٨٤‬‬
‫‪ ٢٥٢‬‬

‫‪ -٦١٩‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ‪ ..‬ﺃﰎ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ‬
‫‪ -٦٢٠‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻮ ﻣ‪‬ﻘﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺃﹶﺭﺑ ﹴﻊ ﻭ)‪ (٤‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ)‪ (٥‬ﻧﻴﺘﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻀﻲ ﳎﺘﺎ ‪‬ﺯﺍ)‪ ..(٦‬ﻓﻬﻮ)‪ (٧‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﻳﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﺧﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﹺﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﻓ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﳎﺘﺎ ‪‬ﺯﺍ)‪ (٨‬ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ‪] (٩)/‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ[ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ]ﰲ[‬
‫ﻏﲑﻩ ‪‬ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺃﺭﺑ ﹴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻳﻘﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﹺﻧ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ‪ ..‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(١)(١١‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﲟﺼﺮ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻓﺮﺳﺨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﺐ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
‫ﳉ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٦٢١‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍ ﹸ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺮ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻓﺮﺍﺳﺦ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ‪ -‬ﻣ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺯﺍ ﳋﺮﻭ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﹺﱃ ‪‬ﻣ ﱠﻜ ﹶﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺎ ‪‬ﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻛﺒﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﳉ ‪‬ﻤﺎﻟﲔ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٥٨/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٨‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺟﻊ‪ ..‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺳﻔﺮﻩ ﺑﺒﻠﻮﻏﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺮﻁ ﳎﺎﻭﺯﺗﻪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ًﺀ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﱰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٥٧/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/١٠‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻧﺘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪. :‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺃﻱ‪" :‬ﺑﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳉﺐ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻰ‪" :‬ﺑﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺝ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ "ﺑﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﰲ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﻧﻴﻒ( ﻭﺍﻵﻥ ﺍﺗﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﰲ ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻱ‪ ٢٠) :‬ﻛﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻵﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻋﲏ‪@ :‬ﺑﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺝ!‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪» :‬ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻋﻆ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ« ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺮﻳﺰﻱ‬
‫)‪ (٤٨٩/١‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺑﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳉﺐ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﺑﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﲝﺮﻳﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺯﻣﻨﻨﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳓﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺝ؛ ﻟﱰﻭﻝ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﲑﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺞ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺰﻭﳍﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩ ‪‬ﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻋﻤﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﲑﺓ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﲤﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺰﺀ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﺠﻴﱯ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ‬ ‫ﺽ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ ...‬ﻫﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻧﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﳍﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺽ ﺟﺐ ﻋﻤﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ" ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﰲ )‪ (/‬ﺑﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﱪﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﳓ ﹺﻮ ‪‬ﺑ ﹺﺮﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋ‪‬ﺮﻓﺖ ﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹰﻻ ﲜﺐ ﻋﻤﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﻴﻞ ﳍﺎ ﺃﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺑﱪﻛﺔ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ‪ ...‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺣﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﱪﻛﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﺰﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﻭ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛﺮ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﺯﻣﻲ‬
‫ﰲ »ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﻟﻔﻈﻪ ﻭﺍﻓﺘﺮﻕ ﻣﺴﻤﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻜﻨﺔ« )‪.(١٩٢/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺶ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﱂ ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻊ ﻗﺮﺍﺀ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‪" :‬ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﳉﺐ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢٥٣‬‬

‫ﺱ ﻓﻴﺨﺮﺟﻮﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤﻮﺍ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺮﲢﻠﻮﺍ ]ﻣﻦ[ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻬﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ؛‬

‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﺍ ﹸﳌﻘﺎﻡ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺘﻜﺎﻣ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ)‪،(٥‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳉﺐ ﺳﻔ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﺗﻘﺼﺮ‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺣﲔ ﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻣﱰﳍﻢ ﻟﻺﻗﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻮﻭﺍ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬

‫ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻬﲔ ﻻ ﻳﻨﻮﻭﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ‪-‬ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻠﻮﺍ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﻮﺍ‪ -‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ ]ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻬﲔ[ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ‪ ..‬ﻗﺼﺮﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺃﺻﺤﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﲑﻫﻢ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺑﻄﺆﻭﺍ‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬

‫)‪.(١)(١٠)(٩‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺼﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ؛ ﻛﻤﻦ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺳﻔﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﻃﻮﻳ ﹰ‬
‫)ﻣﺼﺮ=ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ( ﻳﺮﻳﺪ )ﻣﻜﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺑﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳉﺐ(‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ )ﺑﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺝ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻡ ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺼﺮ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓ ﹶﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺮﻛ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻗﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳉﺐ )ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ( ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺤﻴﻨﺌ ‪‬ﺬ ﻳﺒﺘﺪﺉ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺧﺺ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻣﺎ ﳛﺘﺎﺟﻮﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺟﺰﺍﻩ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﺎ ﻭﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺧﲑ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٦٤/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (٤٣٠/٢‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٤٥٧/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪.(٢١٧-٢١٦/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻨﻮﻭﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻄﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (٤٣٠/٢‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ ٤٥٧/٢‬ﻭ‪ (٤٦٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٨٦/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪٢١٦/٤‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ .(٢٢٩‬ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺔ )ﻫﻢ( ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭﻟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺯﺍﺋﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﱂ ﺃﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﲑﺍﺯﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٢٢٥/٤‬ﻗﺮﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻣﻮﺍ‬
‫ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺣﱴ ﳚﺘﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﻭﳜﺮﺟﻮﺍ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ ﳍﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﱂ ﻳﻘﻄﻌﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻧﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﻳﻮﻣﲔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﳚﺘﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﺳﺮﻧﺎ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ ﳍﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺼﺮﻭﺍ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﻄﻌﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻔﺮ"‪.‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٢٥٤‬‬

‫‪ -٦٢٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻧﺎﺏ)‪ (١‬ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪-‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ‪ (٢)/‬ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﻠﺖ ﳍﻢ @ﻳﻘﺼﺮﻭﺍ!‪ -‬ﺣﺎﺟ ﹰﺔ ﻓﺮﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ﺑﻌﻀ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺻﻼ ﹲﺓ)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﺫﺍﻫ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺟﺎﺋ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪ ..‬ﻗﺼﺮ‪/٣٢)/‬ﺏ( )‪ ،(٤‬ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬‫ﺃﻫﻠ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﺼﺮ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ )ﻳﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻮﻯ‪ (٥‬ﰲ ﺭﺟﻮﻋ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﳌﻘﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﰲ ﺃﻫﻠ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹺﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻣﻘﺎ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫ﻉ‪ ..‬ﻗﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓﹶ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﹶﻥ ﻳﻨﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﻴﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﻂ ﺃﻭ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٦٢٣‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻔ ﹴﺮ)‪ (١‬ﺑﺄﻫ ﹴﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎﺷﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻮﺍﺋ ﹶ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺑ ﹴﻊ ﰲ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺿﻊ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ )‪" :(٢٢٩/٤‬ﻟﻮ ﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻣﻮﺍ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﻘﺘﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﺳﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﺭﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﻭﺗﺮﻛﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ ﳍﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﱂ ﳚﺰﻣﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱴ ﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻧﻨﺘﻈﺮﻩ ﻳﻮﻣﲔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﳜﺮﺟﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻧﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﺟﺰﻣﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻔﺮ"‪ .‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻋﺰﻭ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ )‪ ،(٤٦٥/٢‬ﻭﱂ ﺃﺭ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﳍﺎ‪ ..‬ﻫﻮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﺮﺩﺩ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻮﺍﺻﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﳘﻪ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﲑﺍﺯﻱ‪" :‬ﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﱂ ﻳﻘﻄﻌﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻔﺮ"‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩ ﰲ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٦٤‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻓﺎﺭﻕ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻠﺪﻩ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻗﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﳊﺎﺟﺔ‪ ..‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺼﺮ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﺮﺧﺺ‬
‫ﰲ ﺭﺟﻮﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﺘﺮﺧﺺ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻓﺎﺭﻗﻬﺎ ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪.(٢١١/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٢١٢/٢‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﺭﻡ ﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ »ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ« ﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﺫﺍﻫﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺟﺎﺋﻴ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺩﺧﻞ‪ ..‬ﻻ ﻳﻘﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(٢٢٨/٤‬ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪﻧﻴﺠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﺮﺧﺺ ﰲ ﺭﺟﻮﻋﻪ ﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺷﺎﺫ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ" ﻭﻭﺻﻔﻪ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٨٢/١‬ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‪ :‬ﺷﺎﺫ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻜﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺧﺺ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﻗﻮ ﹲﻝ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪$ :‬ﻭﺟﻪ‪ #‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺻﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺬﻭﺫ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻗﺼﺮﻩ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﻟﻠﻌﻮﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﺻﻮﻟﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻘﺼﺮ ﻗﻄﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻮ ﻧﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺳﻔﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٦٩/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٨٣/١‬‬
 ‫‪٢٥٥‬‬

‫ﷲ‪  (١‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺪﻣ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻜ ﹶﺔ ﻭﳍﻢ ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﹶﻫﻠﻮﻥ ﻭﺩﻭﺭ‪..‬‬

‫ﺏ )ﺭﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫‪ -٦٢٤‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺃﺻﺤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫)ﻓﻴﻘﺼﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.(٣) (٢‬‬
‫ﺝ ﰲ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﹶﺃﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ)‪.(٦) (٥‬‬
‫‪ -٦٢٥‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﺎﳌﺸﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟ ﹸﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﻼ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﻼ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﻘﻒ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺷﺎﺀ ﻭﳚﺒﺬ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -٦٢٦‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﱂ ﳚﺪ ﻣﺪﺧ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -٦٢٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺭﺟﻞ)‪ (٨‬ﺑﺎﻣﺮﺃﺓ‪ ..‬ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺧﻠﻔﻪ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ‪ ..‬ﺟﻌﻞ )ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹶﻞ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻒ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺧﻠﻔﹶﻪ‪ (٢‬ﻭﺟﻌ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﳝﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹶﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻔﻪ‪ ،(١) (١٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﺭﺟﻠ ﹺ‬
‫ﲔ ﻭﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ‪ ..‬ﺟﻌ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ ﰲ )ﺻ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺧﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹶﺓ ﰲ ﺻ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻮﻑ ﰒ ﳛﺮﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﺗﻌﺘﺪﻝ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﺎﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ‬
‫‪ -٦٢٨‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻮﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﺧﱪﻭﻩ ﺃﻥ ]ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻮﻑ[ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺕ‪ ..‬ﺃﺣﺮﻡ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ﱠﻛ ﹶﻞ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺭﺟﺎ ﹰﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻘﺼﺮﻭﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٦٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﱃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(٢٧/٤‬ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺒﻄﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻣﻜﺮﻭﻩ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ‪ ...‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻪ‬
‫ﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩﺓ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" (١٨٩/٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﳚﺪ ﻓﺮﺟﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺳﻌﺔ ﻓﻔﻴﻪ‪ ...‬ﻗﻮﻻﻥ؛ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﻳﻘﻒ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ‪‬ﺍ ﻭﻻ ﳚﺬﺏ ﺃﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ؛ ﻟﺌﻼ ﳛﺮﻡ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﻪ ﲨﻬﻮﺭ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ‪:-‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺒﺬ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻳﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٣٣/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٤٠‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٢٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٥٩/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻔﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﻦ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٢٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٥٩/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻔﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٣١/٢‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٢٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٥٩/١‬‬
‫‪ ٢٥٦‬‬

‫‪ -٦٢٩‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺿﺤﻚ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻟﻠﻜﻼﻡ ]ﻋﺎ ﹰﳌﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻭﺿﻮﺀ‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺿﺤﻚ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻟﻠﻜﻼﻡ[ ﻭﻟﻠﻀﺤﻚ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻫ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﻷﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺴ ‪‬ﲑﺍ ‪-‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻛﻼ ﹺﻡ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻳﻮﻡ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻟﻠﻜﻼﻡ ﺳﺎﻫ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﻟﻨﻘﺼﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ..-‬ﺑﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻭﺳﺠﺪ ﺳﺠﺪﰐ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺜ ‪‬ﲑﺍ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א‪ 7[48‬لא [‪ 7‬‬

‫‪ -٦٣٠‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﲟﻜﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻻ)‪ (٦‬ﳝﻜﻨﻪ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻓﺤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻪ‪ (٧)/‬ﻭﺑﲔ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺣﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﳏﺒﻮﺱ ﰲ ﻇﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﻩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻮﻝ)‪ (٨‬ﺑﻴﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺑﲔ ﺭﺅﻳﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﻀﺮﺕ ﺻﻼﺓ)‪ ..(١‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻏﻠﺐ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﰒ ﻳﻌﻴﺪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻣﻜﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﰲ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺧﻄﺄ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪ (٣)/،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ]ﺫﻟﻚ[ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ؛‬
‫ﻚ)‪ (١‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠ ‪‬ﺔ)‪(٢‬؛ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ]ﺫﻟﻚ[ ﻛﺎﻥ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺷﻚ ﻫﻞ ﺗﻮﺿﺄ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻞ ﺻﻼﺗ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٤‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻂ ﻷﻭﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺘﺪﻝ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ )ﺏ( ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ )‪ (٤٤ :١٥٨/١‬ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺬﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ ،(٢١/٢‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ‬
‫)‪ (٢٤٣٨ :٤٧/٢‬ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺬﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪.(٣٣٠/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ (٢٤٣٩ :٤٨-٤٧/٢‬ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻻ ﻳﻜﱪ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻌﺘﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻮﻑ‪،‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ﹼﻛ ﹸﻞ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺭﺟﺎ ﹰﻻ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٧/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٧٢/١‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﺣﺬﻓﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ )ﺑﺄﻥ ﺣﺎﻝ( ﺑﺪﻝ )ﻓﺤﺎﻝ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٦٥‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳛﻮﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٣٣‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢٥٧‬‬

‫ﺃﻡ ﻻ ﺃﻭ)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻞ ﺃﺣﺮﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻻ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﻍ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺿﺊ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺮﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ )ﻳﻨﻔﻌﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ (٤‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ )‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﲟﻜﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﻭﻇﻦ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﰒ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻘﻦ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
‫)ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٦٣١‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﻰ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻬﺪﻳﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪ ..‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻏﻠﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻬﺪﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ]ﰲ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﺗﻠﻚ[ ﺃﻭ)‪(٧‬ﱂ ﻳﺼﺐ؛‬
‫ﻷﻧﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻚ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻣﻜﺔ ﰲ ﺻﺤﺮﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﲝﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﳑﻦ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪ -٦٣٢‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﺯﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻬﺘﺪﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪ ..‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻏﻠﺐ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺃﻋﺎﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﺼﺒﻬﺎ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻳﻘﲔ ﻭﻻ ﺍﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢١٦/٢‬ﺇﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺒﺲ ﰲ ﻇﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻛﺎﻷﻋﻤﻰ ﻳﺘﺄﺧﻰ ﻭﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻭﻳﻌﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ )‪ (٢١٢/٢‬ﺇﻥ ﺻﻠﻰ ﰲ ﻇﻠﻤﺔ ﺣﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻇﻠﻤﺔ ﰒ ﺷﻚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺧﻄﺄ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﻼ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺇﻥ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺧﻄﺄ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻌﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻫﻮ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ )‪ (٢١٣/٢‬ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻏﻤﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻏﻠﺐ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺃﻋﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٥٦/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٢٥٧‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻗﻮﱄ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﺘﻔﻊ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻘﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢١٢/٢‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٥٠٢/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻜﺮﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺑﺄﻥ ﲢﻴ‪‬ﺮ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳝﻜﻨﻪ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢١٦/٢‬ﻭ)‪ ،(٢٥٧/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٩٥‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(٥٠٢/١‬‬
‫‪ ٢٥٨‬‬

‫‪ -٦٣٣‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ (١)/‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺼ ‪‬ﲑﺍ ﺑﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻬﺘﺪﻯ ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻝ ﻭﻣﻬﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳏﺒﻮ ‪‬ﺳﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻏﻠﺐ ﻭﻳﻌﻴﺪ)‪،(٢‬‬
‫ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﺼﺒﻬﺎ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻚ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٦٣٤‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺻﻠﻰ ﳑﻦ ﻳﺒﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋ ﹶﻞ ﻭﻇ ‪‬ﻦ)‪ (٤‬ﹶﺃﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺩﻻﺋ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺮ ﹶ‬
‫ﻍ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻼﺗ‪‬ﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﺮﺃﻯ‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ‪]-‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻻﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺻﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﱵ‪/‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ[‪ -‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳌﺎ ﻓﺮﻍ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ)‪ (٧‬ﺍﳉﺪﻱ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ)‪ (٨‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻴﻘﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺻﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺎ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻴﻘﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳉﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻴﻘﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ؛ ]ﻷﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻘﲔ ﺻﻮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ[)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٦٣٥‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻘﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻕ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﺮﻳﺎ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﺯﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ‪/٣٣)/‬ﺏ(‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻩ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٦٣٦‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺇﻥ ﺻﻠﻰ ﲟﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻩ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/١١‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢١٦/٢‬ﻭ)‪ (٢٥٧/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٩٥‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٥٠١-٥٠٠/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻈﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺄﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٦٦‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻴﻘﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" (٢١٦/٢‬ﺃﺣﺒﺒﺖ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ" ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٩٧‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪ (٥٠٥-٥٠٤/١‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(٤٥٦/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢١٦/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢١٩/١‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٥٠٣/١‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٤٥١/١‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﳏﻤﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻇﻬﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺧﻄﺄ ﺍﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﻳﻘﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﳉﻬﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻴﺎﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺳﺮ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﲑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢١٢/٢‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٥٠٣/١‬‬
 ‫‪٢٥٩‬‬

‫‪ -٦٣٧‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﺮ ﰒ ﻳﺴﺘﻴﻘﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺒﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪..‬‬
‫ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻩ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٦٣٨‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺼﺮ ﺑﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﻴﻘﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﺩﻻﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻓﺮﻍ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻻﺋﻞ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻓﺄﺷﻜﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻈﻦ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺩﻻﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ]ﰒ[ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﻴﻘﻦ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ)‪] (٢‬ﹺﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ[ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺁ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٦٣٩‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﺧﻲ)‪ (٤‬ﺇﱃ ﺇﺣﺎﻃﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﺧﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺄﺧﻲ ]ﺁ ‪‬ﺧﺮ[‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺗﺄ ‪‬ﺧﻰ ﺁﺧ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ‪) ..‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻴﺲ‪ (٥‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﻴﻘﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ ..‬ﻏﲑ ﺩﻻﺋﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻘﲔ ﻻ ﺷﻚ ﻓﻴﻪ؛ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻬﺘﺪﻯ ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﳒﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻕ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٦٤٠‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺻﻠﻰ ﰒ ﻋﻠﻢ )ﺑﻌﺪﻣﺎ ﺻﻠﻰ‪ (٣‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮﹰﻗﺎ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻪ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﳓﻮ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻮﻝ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺀ‬
‫]ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﳓﻮ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ[ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻕ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﻄﺆﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﻻ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺳﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢١٤/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٩٥‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٥٠٣/١‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺻﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺁ ‪‬ﺧﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺃﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٩٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٩٥‬ﻛﱰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﲔ )‪ (١٣٩/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢١٩/١‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(٥٠٥/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﱵ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﱵ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٥٠٣/١‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫‪ ٢٦٠‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺉ ﺍﳌﺮ َﺀ‬
‫ﳚﺰ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻮﻝ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﳓﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺻﻼ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ]ﰲ[ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ]‪$ :[ ‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻕ ﻭﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻗﺒﻠﺔ‪ (٢)#‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬
‫‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻪ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺎﺗﲔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺀ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﻀﻪ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻪ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻕ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻪ‪/‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﲜﻤﻴﻊ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ )ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪] (٢‬ﻭ[ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺒﻌﻀﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺏ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪) :‬ﻻ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ )‪ ،(٨ :١٩٦/١‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ (٣٦٣٣ :٣٤٥/٢‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ ،(٣٦١/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ)‪.(٩/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" (٢٠٣/٣‬ﺻﺢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ‬ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻕ ﻭﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻗﺒﻠﺔ‪ ،(٣٤٤) ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﻦ‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﺛﺮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ )‪" :(٣٤٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﳏﻤﺪ ‪-‬ﻳﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪ -‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺍ ﹶﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻷﺧﻨﺴﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﻘﱪﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺃﻗﻮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻌﺸﺮ ﻭﺃﺻﺢ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ‪" :‬ﻗﻮ‪‬ﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻞ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺑﺔ ﻗﻮﳍﻢ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺢ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺻﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻻ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪ ،(١٠١١) ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪.(٣٦٢/٢‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺭﺟﺐ ﰲ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻪ )‪" :(٢٩١-٢٨٩/٢‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺮﻓﻮ ‪‬ﻋﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﲪﺪ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﻥ ﰲ ﺃﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪﻩ ﺿﻌ ﹰﻔﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ...‬ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻋﻦ ﳝﻴﻨﻚ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺮﻕ ﻋﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﺭﻙ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ"‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺭﺟﺐ‪ " :‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﺻﺤﻴ ﹴﺢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ )ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻞ ‪ (٣٣/٢‬ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻃﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ ...‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺯﺭﻋﺔ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻭﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺤ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻮﹰﻓﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺮﺭ )ﺹ‪" :(١٠٢‬ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮ‪‬ﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻮﻍ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻡ )ﺹ‪،(١٦٥ :٦٦‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﺤﺢ ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺭﻭﺍﺀ )‪.(٣٢٤/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٦٧‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢١٤/٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(٤٥٦/١‬‬
 ‫‪٢٦١‬‬

‫ﺃﻭ ﲝ ﹴﺮ ‪-‬ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬

‫ﺲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﻄﺒﻖ‬
‫ﺖ ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺳﻔ ﹴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺣﻀ ﹴﺮ ﰲ ﺣﺒ ﹴ‬
‫‪ -٦٤١‬ﻭﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻗ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻏﺮﻳ ﹰﻘﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺘﻴ ﹰﻔﺎ‪ -‬ﺃﻭ ﺣﺎﺋ ﹴﻞ)‪- (٣‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ‪ -‬ﻭﱂ ﳚﺪ ﻣﺎ ًﺀ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺮﺍ‪‬ﺑﺎ ﻳﺘﻴﻤﻢ)‪ (٤‬ﺑﻪ ‪-‬ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺟﻨ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﺃﻭ ﳒﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‪ (٦)/‬ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﳒﺲ‪ -‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺩﻣﻴﲔ ﺃﻭ ]ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪-‬ﳌﺎ‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭ[ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻥ ﻣﻄﻴ ﹰﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺼﻼﺓ‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻞ‪ -‬ﻭﻻ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ)‪ (٨‬ﺃﺣﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺼﻞ ﻛﻴﻒ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻏﲑ ﻣﺘﻴﻤﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﻣﻜﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎ ‪‬ﲝﺎ ﺃﻭ)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻮﻣﹰﺌﺎ ﻭﺳﺎﺟ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻭﻏﲑ ﻣﺘﻮﺿﺊ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻗ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺃﻭ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻗﺪﺭ؛ ﺟﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻭﻻﻥ )‪ (٥‬ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻞ )ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩ‪ (٦‬ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻭﻻ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﺼﻠﱢﻲ ﻛﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٦٤٢‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ؛ ﺍﳌﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٦٤٣‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﻞ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻀﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ]ﻭﺣﻀﺮ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ..‬ﺗﻴﻤﻢ ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﻭﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪.(١) (٩)/‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻼ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﺎﺋ ﹰ‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﻴﻤﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٣٤‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺽ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺘﻮ ﹴ‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺗﻠﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٦٨-٤٦٧/٢‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٨٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٨٦‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ٣٢٢/٢‬ﻭ‪.(٣٢٣‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٧٦/٢‬ﻭ‪ ١٧٧‬ﻭ‪ (١٧٨‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٣٢٤/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٣٤/١‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/١١‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ ﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫‪ ٢٦٢‬‬

‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٦٤٤‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ؛ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ[ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻀﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ ﺍﳉﺪﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﳜﺎﻑ)‪ (٤‬ﺇﻥ ﻣﺲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﻋﻠﺘﻪ)‪ ..(٥‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﺼﻠﻰ)‪.(٧)(٦‬‬
‫ﻓﺤﻀﺮ‬ ‫ﲔ ﺍﳌﺎ ِﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻀ ﹺﺮ ﺑﺸﻲ ٍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٦٤٥‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺣﻴ ﹶﻞ ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ..‬ﺗﻴﻤﻢ ﻭﺻﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (١‬ﻗﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺩﻣﻴﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻣ ﹴﺮ‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻊ ﻭﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﳜﺎﻑ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻠﻒ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺇﻥ ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫‪ -٦٤٦‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺟﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎ ِﺀ ﻣﺜ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ﹺﺭ )ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻬﺎ‪ -(٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻮ ﹲﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﺠﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻴﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻳﺼﻠﻲ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٦٤٧‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻱ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻱ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻋﻮﺯﻩ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﻗﺎ‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻣﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺒﺴﻮﻩ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‪/‬‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﻨﻌﻪ ﺍﻵﺩﻣﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﻨ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﻻ ﳜﺎﻑ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪. (٨٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺟﺪﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳉﺮﺡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺨﺎﻑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺻﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪. (٨٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﳌﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺷﺒﺎﻫﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳛﻮﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٢٥/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٧٩/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٦٨‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢٦٣‬‬

‫ﺤﻮ ﹲﻝ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻢ ﰒ)‪ (٣‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﻭﺃﻋﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺃﻣ ‪‬ﺮﺍ)‪ (١‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻻ ﳜﺎﻑ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ)‪ (٢‬ﻭﺍﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪.‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א‪ D4mI‬ل'‪x‬א‡‪ u‬‬

‫‪ -٦٤٨‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٤‬ﻃﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﻀﻬﺎ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺃﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﺻﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٦٤٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﺻﻠﺖ)‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ‪/٣٤)/‬ﺏ( ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦٥٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ]ﺭﻛﻌﺔ[ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺇﻃﻼﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ ..‬ﺻﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻛﻌﺔ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٦٥١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻭ]ﻛﺎﻥ[ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﺃﻭ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺇﻃﻼﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺣﲔ ﺭﺃﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺮ ﻓﻠﻢ ﺗﻔﺮﻍ)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻦ ﹸﻏﺴﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻏﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻃﻠﻊ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺣﲔ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺮ؛‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻃﻠﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ ..‬ﺻﻠﺖ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬
‫ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﳑﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ)‪.(٦‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ (٣٨٥/١‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪(٣٨٦/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺻﻠﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ :‬ﻳﻔﺮﻍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻃﻠﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﳕﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺻﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻹﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺗﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺪﺭ‬
‫ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٣٨٧/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٦٩/٣‬‬
‫‪ ٢٦٤‬‬

‫‪ -٦٥٢‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻐﻤﻰ ]ﻋﻠﻴﻪ[ ﻳﻔﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻨﻮﻥ ﻳﻔﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮﺍﱐ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻏﺮﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻛﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺇﻃﻼﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﺑﺮﻛﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٦٥٣‬ﻭﻻ)‪ (٢‬ﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ]ﺣﺎﺋﺾ ﻭﻻﻏﲑﻫﺎ[ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹸﺓ ﺻﻼ ﹰﺓ ﻓﺤﺎﺿﺖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺟﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻏﻤﻲ)‪ (٤‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ]ﺃﻥ[ ﳝﻜﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫‪ -٦٥٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﺼﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻣﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻮﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ]ﺃﻥ[ ﲢﻴﺾ‬
‫ﻭﳚﻦ ﻭﻳﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﻠﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩﻭﺍ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫‪)6 P‬א ‪ [7Ddfs‬א‪ 'q‬م‪u$7P(١‬א ‪ kNZ‬‬

‫‪‬ﻳﻘﹸﻮ ‪‬ﻡ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻲ ٍﺀ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬ﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﹶﻼ‬
‫‪ -٦٥٥‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍ ِﻹﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﹺﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‪.(٤)(٣‬‬ ‫ﻍ ﺍ ِﻹﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﻡ ) ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘ ﹺ‬ ‫‪‬ﻟ ﹶﻘﻀ‪‬ﺎ ِﺀ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﻻ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻓﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٦٥٦‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻓﺎﺗ‪‬ﻪ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‪ (١)/‬ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﹺﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺮﹸﺃ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﲟﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻛﺄﻭﻝ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﳉﻠﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻘﻪ ]ﺑﻪ[‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﳉﻠﻮﺱ ﻛﺂﺧﺮ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(٣٩٢/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻏﻤﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٤٢‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ (٣٨٩/١‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٣٩٠/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٧١/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٩٠/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﻡ‪) :‬ﱂ ﻳﻘﻢ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺘﺴﻠﻴﻤﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﻡ‪) :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻤﺘﲔ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﲏ ﰲ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻪ ﻟﻸﻡ )‪ (٣١١/١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﰲ ‪$‬ﲨﻊ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻣﻊ‪ #‬ﰲ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻘﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﺃﺣﺐ ﻟﻮ ﻣﻜﺚ ﻗﻠﻴﻼ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﻬﻮ ﺳﺠﺪ ﻓﺴﺠﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺒﻮﻕ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻤﱵ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﻮﺯ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٤٥/٢‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(٤٠٦/٢‬‬
 ‫‪٢٦٥‬‬

‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻐﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎ ِﺀ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻳﺆﺧ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻐﺮ ﹺ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄ ﹺﺮ ﺍﻟﻈﻬ ﹺﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼ ﹺﺮ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺗ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٦٥٧‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻭ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎ َﺀ ﺑﺄﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻥ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﺇﻗﺎﻣﺘﲔ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻻ ﻧﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﻳﻘﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎ َﺀ ﻭ)‪ (٥‬ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﳌﻐﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﰲ)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺟﺎﺋ ‪‬ﺰﺍ)‪.(١‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹸﺓ‪-‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱢﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ‪‬ﻼ ﹰﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹰﺓ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ‪-‬ﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ‪/‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹺﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻲ ﺃﹶﻥ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٦٥٨‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹺﺇﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻟ ﹾﻠ ﹸﻔ ‪‬ﺮﹶﻗﺔ‪‬؛ ‪‬ﻟﺌﹶﻼ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﺫ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺗﲔ؛ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﻟﻪ ﺇﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺭﺍﺗﺐ‪‬؛ ‪‬ﻭﹺﺇ‪‬ﻧﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻛﺮﹺ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻠﱡﻮﺍ ﹺﺑﹺﺈﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹴﻡ ﹶﻏ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻩ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﺻ‪‬ﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﻛﹶﺎﻧ‪‬ﺖ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺼﱢﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻼ ﹶﺓ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻴﹺﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ‪‬ﺟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﺛﹸ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٦٥٩‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٦٩‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻨﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٥٧/٢‬ﻭ‪ (١٦٦‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٣٦‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٦٠/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٣١‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻠﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻭﺗﺆﺧﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰒ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰒ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٩٢/٢‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٥١٢/٨‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٥٥/٤‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺭﺍﺗﺒﺔ‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﺑﻄﻞ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٦٧/٢‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫ﺠﻤ‪‬ﻊ( ﻓﺰﺍﺩ )ﺑﲔ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪) :‬ﺑﲔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻭﻛﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺳﺦ ﻗﺮﺃ )‪‬ﻳﺠ‪‬ﻤﻊ( ﻫﻜﺬﺍ )‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ .(٢٩٢/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (١١٩/٤‬ﻭﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻛﺸ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﶈﻴﻂ )‪ (٣٨٥/٤‬ﲢﺖ‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﺋﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﺒ ‪‬ﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‪‬؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻨﻬﻰ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪(٥٦٢/٨‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (١٢٠/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٤٣/١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪.(١١٩‬‬
‫‪ ٢٦٦‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א‪ 'q‬مŽ ‬

‫ﺙ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﻭﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ‪‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘﺪ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫‪ -٦٦٠‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﹶﺻﺎﺑ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹲ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻓﹸﺮﺍﺩﻯ‪ ..‬ﺃﹶﺟﺰﺃﹶ‪‬ﻢ ﺻﻼﺗ‪‬ﻬﻢ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮ ﹺﻡ ﻭﺑﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٦٦١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -٦٦٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ‪ (٣)/‬ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﻭﻗﺪﻣﻮﺍ ﻷﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٦٦٣‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ)‪- ،(٥‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪.(٦)-‬‬
‫ﻼﱂ‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺃﹶﺣﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺃﹶﻥ ﻳﺘﻘﺪﻡ‪‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫‪‬ﺧﹶﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪ -٦٦٤‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻳﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﺣﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣﻌ ‪‬ﻪ )ﻓﺘﺒﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ‪‬ﻡ‪ ..(٢‬ﹶﺃﻋ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃﻋ‪‬ﺎﺩ‪‬ﻭﺍ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٤٢٨/٢‬ﻭ‪.(٤٧٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٤٢٨/٢‬ﻭ‪ (٤٧٧‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٣٨/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ)‪/١٢‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ ﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٢٨/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﱪﺍﻣﻠﺴﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٣٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ (٢٦٧/٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(٢٦٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ‪. :‬‬
‫ﻭﲢﺘﻤﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﺼﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‪ :‬ﻓﺘﺒﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٧٨/٢‬ﻭ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ ٥٠٦/٢‬ﻭ‪.(٥١٠‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪) :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻷﺟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (١٣٩/٤‬ﺃﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻭﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺭﺑﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳜﺎﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻔﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﻣﻠﺘﺰﻡ ﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻌﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ؛ ﻓﻴﻘﻊ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪- :‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﰉ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ‪ :-‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻔﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻔﻪ ﰲ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪- :‬ﻭﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﲔ‪ :-‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﻑ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﻡ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺎ"‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ (١٣/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(٢٦٨/٢‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٢٦٧‬‬

‫ﺼﱢﻠ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﻟﻨﻔﺴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ )ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴ ﹶﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜ ﹶﺔ‪ (١‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻝ ﻣﺎ‬
‫‪ -٦٦٥‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺗﻪ؛ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﺼﻠﻲ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ)‪ (٢‬ﳚﺰﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﰒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﰒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﰒ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٦٦٦‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻋﺎﺩ‪‬ﻢ؛ ﻓﻸ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﺣﺮﻣﻮﺍ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﻬﻢ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ (٤)/‬ﺑﺈﺣﺮﺍﻣﻪ ﻓﻴﺒﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ)‪ (٥‬ﻫﻮ ﻛﺎﳌﺼﻠﻲ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺣﺮﺍﻣﻬﻢ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﻒ‬
‫ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿ ﹺﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎ ﹺﻡ ]ﻭﻛﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ؛ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻊ‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٦٦٧‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳﻄ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﻼ ﹶﺓ ﻗﺎ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋﱠﻠ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ..‬‬
‫ﺃﹶﻣ ﹶﻜ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ[ )‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺇﳝﺎ ًﺀ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪ -٦٦٨‬ﻭﻳﺮﻛ ‪‬ﻊ ﻭﻳﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﻌ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺃﺧﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉﹺ‪ ،‬ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣ ﹸﺊ ﺑﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺩ)‪ (٢‬ﺑﺎﻷﺭ ﹺ‬
‫ﺽ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪..‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷﺭ ﹺ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪ -٦٦٩‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎ ﹺﻡ ﻭﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺩ‬
‫ﺃﻋﺎﺩ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﻫﻨﺎ )ﺃﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ( ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﲣﺮﳚﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻗﻮ ﹲﻝ ﻻ ﻭﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻘﱡﻪ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(٤٧٨/٢‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻋﻤﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻠﺐ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺑﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺄﻧﻒ‪ ..‬ﻓﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻼﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻪ ﳑﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺪﺭﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﺪﺙ‪ ..‬ﳎﺰﺋﺔ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٧٨/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٧٠‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﳕﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﱠﻠ ﹶﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٧٨/٢‬ﺑﻌﻠﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﺻﻠﻮﺍ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﻃﻠﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺘﺮﺑﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻌﺪ ﻣﻔﺘﺮﺷ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ( ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﻳﻘﻌﺪ ﻣﺘﺮﺑﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ .(٢٠٢/٤‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٧٦/٢‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٧٧/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ٢٠٣/٤‬ﻭ‪.(٢٠٧‬‬
‫‪ ٢٦٨‬‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﳚﻠﺲ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﻲ‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬

‫‪ -٦٧٠‬ﻭﳚﻠﺲ ﰲ ﺗﺸﻬﺪﻩ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺪﺗﲔ ﻭﰲ ﺟﻠﻮﺳﻪ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺪﺗﲔ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻛﺒﺘﻴﻪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﺮﺑﻊ )ﻭﻫﻮ ﻻ ﻳﻄﻴﻖ‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‪/٣٥)/‬ﺏ(‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦٧١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٦٧٢‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ]ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ[ ﺟﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺽ‪ ..‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﺍﻷﳝﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻳﺮﻛﻊ ﻭﻳﺴﺠﺪ ﺇﺷﺎﺭ ﹰﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪ ﹺﺭ ﻃﺎﻗ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺭﺟﻼﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻮﺟﻬﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﻣﺄ ﺇﺷﺎﺭ ﹰﺓ ﺑﻮﺟﻬﻪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٦٧٣‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ‪ ..‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﻳﺴﺠﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺃﺻﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ‬
‫‪ -٦٧٤‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﻲ ﺟﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﺔ)‪ (٤)(٣‬ﺃﻭ)‪ (٥‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻬﺎ)‪ ..(٦‬ﻓﻼ)‪ (٧‬ﺑﺄﺱ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ)‪ (١‬ﰲ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻳﺴﺠﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟ ﹸﻄ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٧٦/٢‬ﻭ‪ ١٧٧‬ﻭ‪.(١٧٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٠٢/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻟﻴﻄﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﻳﻄﻴﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(١٧٧/٢‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٢٠٦/٤‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٠٦/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٧٨/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻄﻨﻔﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻠﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﺀ‪ :،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﻨﺎﻓﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﹶﻗ ﹸﺔ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻨﺎﻓﺲ ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﺒﺴﻂ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻴﺎﺏ ﻭﳊﺼﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻌﻒ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺫﺭﺍﻉ‪ ..‬ﻃﻨﺎﻓﺲ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ )‪ ،(١٤٠/٣‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ‬
‫)‪.(٢١١/١٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻠﻔﺴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢٦٩‬‬

‫‪ -٦٧٥‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ]ﻟﻴﺴﺠﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ[ ﺃﻭﻣﺄ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ] ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ[ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﳑﺎ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻮﻣﺊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٦٧٦‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ ﰒ ﱂ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳓﻨﺎﺀ)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ ﻭﻗﺼﺮ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ]ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﳋﻔﺾ[‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺉ ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹶﺓ ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﹶﻭﻟ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺒﺘﺪ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﻴﻐﺴﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫‪ -٦٧٧‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ‪‬ﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﺼﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺿﻮ َﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦٧٨‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﲎ ﺍﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻑ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺧﺎﻟﻔﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﻦ ﳐﺮﻣﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺭﻋﻒ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻗﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﻮ ﹺﺭ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ؛ ]ﻷَﱐ[ ﻻ‬
‫ﺏ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﺒﺘﺪﺉ‪ ،(٧)#‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺃﺻﺤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺧﻼﹰﻓﺎ)‪ (١‬ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻛ ﱠﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻭﱠﻟﻰ ﹶﻇ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠ ‪‬ﺔ‪ (٢)/‬ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﻋﻒ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮﱢﻟﻲ ﻇﻬﺮﻩ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦٧٩‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺑﻄﻨﻪ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﺯ ﻓﺎﺣﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻭ)‪ (٤‬ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺭﻳﺢ ﻓﺎﻧﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺒﺘﺪﺉ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٧٨-١٧٧/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻌﻠﻬﺎ )ﰲ( ﺃﻭ )ﻣﻦ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳓﻨﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٧٧/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻐﺴﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ )‪ (٤٦ :٣٨/١‬ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻋﻒ‪ ..‬ﺍﻧﺼﺮﻑ ﻓﺘﻮﺿﺄ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻓﺒﲎ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ ،(٣٦١٢ :٣٣٩/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ ،(٢٥٦/٢‬ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ )‪.(١٧٢/٣‬‬

‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬

‫ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٧١‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺿﻮﺀ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﻡ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫‪ ٢٧٠‬‬

‫ﺧﺎﻟﻔﻪ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٦٨٠‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻳﺒﲏ‪ ،(١)#‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻮﺭ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻳﺒﺘﺪﺉ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﻮﺭ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﺑﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ‪‬ﻭﱠﻟﻰ ﻇﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺒﺘﺪﺉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦٨١‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻪ ﺭﻋﺎﻑ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﻐﺴﻞ ﺃﻧﻔﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺩﺧﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ )ﻛﻞ ﺻﻼﺓ‪ (٣‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺪ ﻣﻨﺨﺮﻳﻪ ﻟﻜﺜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺴﺠﺪ‬ ‫‪‬ﻣﻨﺨﺮﻳﻪ ﺑﺸﻲ ٍﺀ ﻭﻳﺴﺠﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪/،‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻮﻣﺊ ﺇﳝﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦٨٢‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٦٨٣‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﺮﹸﺃ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﺍﻛﻊ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٦٨٤‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺟﻨ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺘﻮﺿﺊ ﺳﺎﻫ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﻴﺪﻭﺍ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺍﺗﺒﻌﻮﻩ ﻭﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺍﺗﺒﻌﻮﻩ‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﻋﺎﳌﲔ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﺗﺒﻌﻮﻩ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻋﺎﳌﻮﻥ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﻌﻴﺪﻭﻥ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ ٣٦٠٦ :٣٣٨/٢‬ﻭ‪ ،(٣٦٠٧‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ ،(٢٥٧-٢٥٦/٢‬ﻭﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻔﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻥ ﺻﺢ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻻﻧﺼﺮﺍﻑ ﺑﺎﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺯ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﳊﺪﺙ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻀﻰ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٣٦‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٦٤/٢‬ﻭ‪. (٢٦٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٥٤/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٨٦/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٢٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٢٩/٢‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ (١٦١/٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(١٦٢/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻟﻘﻮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٢٩/٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(١٥٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢٧١‬‬

‫)ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮﺍ‪ ..(١‬ﻓﻼ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪] ،‬ﻭﺳﻮﺍ ٌﺀ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ ﻓﺎﻧﺼﺮﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺛﺒﺖ؛ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻳﺒﻨﻮﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺻﻠﻮﺍ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺟﻨﺐ ﻭﻻ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺘﻮﺿﺊ[)‪.(٣‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٦٨٥‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺻﻼﺓ‪ (٤)/‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ]ﻗﺪ ﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ[‪ ..‬ﻣﻀﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻭﺃﺟﺰﺃﺗﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺟﺰﺃﺕ)‪ (٦‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺗﻰ ﺑﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﺴﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א ‪(٧)x‚ $'YkNZ‬א‪ fPq‬‬

‫‪(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٦٨٦‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﻰ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﻃﻦ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻹﺑﻞ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺻﻠﻰ )ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺭﺟﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻗﻴﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺳﺠﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺭﻛﺒﺘﻴﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﳍﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺑﻌﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺼﻼﺗﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺎﻣﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪(٢‬؛ ﻟﻨﻬ ﹺﻲ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻲ ‪ ،(٣) ‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬ﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺳﺠﻮﺩﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻴﺎﻣﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺭﻛﺒﺘﻴﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﳍﺎ ﻭﺃﺑﻌﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﺼﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ‪ :‬ﻳﺒﻨﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٢٩/٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(١٦٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ)‪/١٢‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ ﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺟﺰﺃﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺟﺰﺃﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻨﺤ‪‬ﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﺑﺔ؛ ﻟﻴﺸﺮﺏ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٠٩-٢٠٨/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٧٨/١‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻋﻄﺎﻥ ﲨﻊ ﻋﻄﻦ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻨﺤﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺷﺮﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻓﺘﱪﻙ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﰒ ﳝﻸ ﺍﳊﻮﺽ ﳍﺎ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻓﺘﻌﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻄﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻮﺽ ﻟﺘﺸﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺮ )ﺹ ‪.(١٠١‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺟﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢١٠-٢٠٩/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٧٩/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٠٨/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٧٨/١‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺳﺄﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ :‬ﺃﺻﻠﻲ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺍﺑﺾ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻢ؟‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﲰﺮﺓ ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪ ،#‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺻﻠﻲ ﰲ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻻ‪ ،#‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﻣﻦ ﳊﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ‪،‬‬
‫)‪.(٣٦٠‬‬
‫‪ ٢٧٢‬‬

‫ﺡ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻢ ]ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮ[)‪(٤‬؛ ﻏﲑ ﺃﱐ ﻻ ﺃﻛﺮﻩ ]ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ[ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ (٥)/‬ﰲ ‪‬ﻣﺮﺍﺡ‬

‫‪ -٦٨٧‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ )ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ (٦‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﳍﺎ ﻭ ﺃﺑﻌﺎﺭﻫﺎ)‪(٧‬؛ ﻹﺑﺎﺣﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﳍﺎ ﻭﺃﺑﻌﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪‬ﻣﺮﺍﺡ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻢ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫‪ -٦٨٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻚ)‪.(١٤‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺣﺼ ‪‬ﲑﺍ)‪ (١٢‬ﺃﻭ ﺛﻮ‪‬ﺑﺎ)‪ (١٣‬ﻓﺼﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟﺰ‪‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻩ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ)‪ (١١‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬

‫‪k3 >‚6 P‬א‪3B‬ض ‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻷﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﳒﺎﺳ ﹶﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺻﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺬ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٦٨٩‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﳌﺎ ِﺀ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻯ)‪ ،(٣)(٢‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺰﻳﻠﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺻ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ)‪ (٣)(٢‬ﺃﻭ ﹶﺫﻧ‪‬ﻮﺑ‪‬ﺎﻥ)‪/٣٦)/(٤‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺀ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍ َﻷ ‪‬ﻋﺮ‪‬ﺍﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻲ ﺫﹶﻧﻮ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢١٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٠٩/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٧٩/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﺮﺍﺡ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻢ‪ :‬ﻣﺄﻭﺍﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺮ )ﺹ ‪(١٠٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢١٠-٢٠٩/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٧٩-٢٧٨/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٧٢‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﺑﻌﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٠٩/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٧٨/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻃﺮﺡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺣﺼﲑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺛﻮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٧٩/١‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻘﱪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪. :‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ )ﺹ‪ ،(٩٨٤‬ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )ﺹ‪ ،(٤٨٩‬ﳐﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪.(٥٦٢‬‬
 ‫‪٢٧٣‬‬

‫ﺙ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹶﺓ)‪.(٦‬‬

‫‪ -٦٩٠‬ﻭﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶ‬

‫‪6 P‬א ‪ #0‬‬

‫‪ -٦٩١‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ﺳﻨ ﹲﺔ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﺭﻛﻌﺘﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺠ ﹺﺮ ﺳﻨ ﹲﺔ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳ ﹺﻦ‬
‫ﻑ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺴﻘﺎ ُﺀ ﺳﻨ ﹲﺔ ﻣﺆﻛﺪ ﹲﺓ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺴﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻈﻬ ﹺﺮ‬
‫ﲔ ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﻈﻬ ﹺﺮ ﻭﺭﻛﻌﺘ ﹺ‬
‫ﱯ ‪ ‬ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺭﻛﻌﺘ ﹺ‬
‫ﻱ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٦٩٢‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ )ﺑﻌﺪ )ﺍﳉﻤﻌ ‪‬ﺔ(‪.(٢)[(١‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎ ِﺀ ﻭﺭﻛﻌﺘ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ ]ﻭﺭﻛﻌﺘ ﹺ‬
‫ﲔ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳌﻐﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻛﻌﺘ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٦٩٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺴﻮﻑ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺴﻘﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﹶﺃﻭﻛﺪ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﻴﺪ)‪.(٢)(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١١٢/٢‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٥٨‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ ‪ ٦٧‬ﻭ‪.(٨١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺫﻧﻮﺑ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺫﹶﻧﻮﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﳑﻠﻮﺀ ﹰﺓ ﻣﺎﺀً‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﻭﺗﺆﻧﺚ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٣‬ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟ ﹶﺬﻧ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )ﺹ‪ (١٧٦‬ﳐﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪ (٢٠٧‬ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‪) :‬ﺫ ﻥ ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺫﻧﻮﺑﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺻﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،(٢٢٠) ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ‬
‫‪ ، ‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻝ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ (٢٨٥) (٢٨٤‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻨﺪﳘﺎ )ﺃﻭ ﺫﻧﻮﺑﺎﻥ(‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺍﳉﺰﻡ ﺑﺈﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﱠﻧﻮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺤﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﻪ‪ .‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ ،(١٨١/٢‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﳋﻼﻑ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻭﺭﻱ )ﺹ‪.(٨٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٥٠/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١١٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٥٠/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١١٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٥٠/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١١٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ‪" :‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‪ :‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ، ‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ ،(٩٣٧‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻗﺼﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺗﺒﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋﺾ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﻦ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﻦ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ .(٧٢٩‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٥٠/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١١٦‬‬
‫‪ ٢٧٤‬‬

‫‪ -٦٩٤‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺗﺮ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻛﻊ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﻛﻊ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﺴﻼﻡ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٦٩٥‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻃﻠﻊ ]ﻟﻪ[ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﺗﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺻﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﺼ ﱢﻞ ﻧﺎﻓﻠ ﹰﺔ)‪ (٦‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٦٩٦‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﺗﺮ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰒ ﺍﻧﺼﺮﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٦٩٧‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﺗﺮ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﰒ ﺑﺪﺍ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻧﺎﻓﻠ ﹰﺔ‪..‬‬
‫ﺼ ﱢﻞ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻼ ﰒ ﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻴﺆﺧﺮ ﻗﻠﻴ ﹰ‬

‫‪ -٦٩٨‬ﻭﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺘﲔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺗﺮ ﺑـ‪ 
      :‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬‬

‫‪ ، CB A‬ﻭﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺑـ‪ DC B A  :‬ﻭ ‪ U T‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٥٠/٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻓﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﺮﺩ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ ﻣﻨﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٣٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻣﻦ "ﺍﻷُﻡ" )‪ ،(٥٥٧-٥٥٤/٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪" :(١١٥‬ﻭﳌﻦ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻣﺎﻟ ‪‬‬‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﺑﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺸﻬﺪﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺗﲔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٢٨/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻵﺧﺮ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺃﻡ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻵﺧﺮ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ؟‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٥٠٨/٣‬ﺃﻥ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﺗﺮ ﻃﻠﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﱄ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳝﺘﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻓﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ" ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﻧﺼﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﻀﻴﻪ ﺃﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٣٨/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ٥٠٩/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥١١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٢٩/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺼﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢٧٥‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻡ‬ ‫ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹶﻏ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﺐ ﹺﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫‪  W  V‬ﻭ ‪ .. s  r   q  p‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ..(٣)/‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫‪] -٦٩٩‬ﻭﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﰲ ﺭﻛﻌﱵ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ‪  CB A  :‬ﻭ ‪..DC B A‬‬

‫ﺐ ﹺﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺮﺃ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ[)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬

‫‪] -٧٠٠‬ﻭﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﰲ ﺭﻛﻌﱵ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪  CB A  :‬ﻭ ‪ DC B A‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬

‫ﻗﺮﺃ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻊ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ[)‪.(٦‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﻛﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫‪] -٧٠١‬ﻗﺎﻝ[‪ :‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺩﺧ ﹶﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﺃﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺻﻼﺓ‬
‫ﺭﻛﻌﱵ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﻟﲑﻛﻌﻬﻤﺎ)‪] (١٠‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ[ )ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻠﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪.(١)(١١‬‬

‫‪ (٢) -٧٠٢‬ﻭﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺑـ ‪ C B A‬ﻭ ‪ ..D C B A‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﹺﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺮﹶﺃ ﻏﲑ‪‬ﳘﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٧٣‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٥١١/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٣٢/١‬ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﺭ )‪.(١٦٢/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٣٨/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٣٨/١‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺪﺧﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (١٣٩/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪. (٢٣٥/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺮﻛﻌﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻄﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼ ﱢﻞ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﺗﻐﺮﺏ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺭﻛﻌﱵ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ‪-‬ﻛﺴﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﻗﺘﺔ‪ -‬ﺗ‪‬ﻘﻀﻰ ﺃﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ .(٥٣٢/٣‬ﻭﺗﻔﻌﻞ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ؛ ﻷﻥ ﳍﺎ ﺳﺒﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٨٥/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﳓﻮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٢٧٦‬‬

‫‪ | -٧٠٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ)‪ (١‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺭﻛﻌﱵ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎ ُﺀ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﻮﺕ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺒﺪﺃ‪/‬‬ ‫‪ -٧٠٤‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻓﺎﺗﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ؛ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻗﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻗﻨﻮ‪‬ﻢ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺷﻔﺎﻉ ﰲ ﻗﻨﻮﺕ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٧٠٥‬ﻭﻳﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺘﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺗﺮ ﰲ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ)‪.(٧‬‬

‫‪z‬א ‪%f?4‬א א‪xP‬‬

‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ‪ (٨‬ﰲ ﻣﺜ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹸﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻻ ﺗﻘﺼ ‪‬ﺮ)‪ ..(١‬ﺗ‪‬ﻨ ﱠﻔ ﹶﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪] -٧٠٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ[‪ :‬ﻭﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺳﺎﻓ ‪‬ﺮ )ﺳﻔ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺑ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺑﺘﻪ؛ ﰲ ﳏﻤﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺩﺍﺑﺔ)‪.(٣)(٢‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢) (١‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻣﺜ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺳﻔ ﹴﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺳﻔﺮ ﺗﻘﺼ ‪‬ﺮ‬ ‫‪ -٧٠٧‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﻨﻔ ﹸﻞ ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﻬ ﹺﺮ ﺩﺍﺑ ‪‬ﺔ ‪/‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹸﺓ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺄﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺁﻫﺎ ﰲ ﻧﺴ ﹴﺦ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺛﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﺗﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٣٧‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺄﰎ ﲟﻦ ﻳﺼﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻭﻳﺢ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(٣٥٠/٢‬ﻭﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻠﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﻻ‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﻳﺄﰎ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﻣﻔﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﻳﺒﺘﺪﺋﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﻴﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰎ ﲟﻦ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻭﻳﺢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ‪ .‬ﻧﺺ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٥٠-٣٤٩/٢‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻗﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺮﺽ ﺑﺎﳌﺘﻨﻔﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٩‬ﺣﻜﻰ –ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﹰﺎ‪ -‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ ﺧﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻓﺼﻠﻰ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ ﻹﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(١٦٨/٤‬ﻭﻟﻮ‬
‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻭﻳﺢ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٦٨/١‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٧‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٥٠٦/٣‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺳﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺼﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺑﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﻡ ﻗﺼﲑ‪‬ﺍ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢١٩/٢‬ﻭ‪ ،(٢٢١‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪(٢١٣/٣‬‬ ‫ﺃﻱ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﻔﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﻃﻮﻳ ﹰ‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ .(٢١٤/٣‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﺳﻔﺮ ﻭﻻ ﻟﻄﻮﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢٧٧‬‬

‫ﱄ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹺﺇ ﹼ‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ﹴﻞ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﺍﻷﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٧٠٨‬ﻭﻳﻮﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻌ ﹺﲑ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﰲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ]ﺇﻻ[‬
‫ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻣﺮﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ٍﹴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫‪ -٧٠٩‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑ ﹰﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ)‪.(٨‬‬ ‫ﺴﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﱰﻝ ﻓﻠﻴﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺽ)‪ (٧‬ﺟﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﶈﻤﻞ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺑﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/١٣‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺼﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ‪ . ‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﲑﻭﺍﱐ )ﺹ‪ ٢١٠-٢٠٩‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﱐ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻘﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢١٣/٣‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺟﻌ ﹶﻞ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺳﺎﻧﻴﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺁﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ؛ ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﲔ؛ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﳜﺘﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ -‬ﻭﺃﺻﺤﻬﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳜﺘﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻭﲨﺎﻋ ﹲﺔ‬
‫ﻚ ﻻ ﻗﻮ ﹲﻝ ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺐ ﻣﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﳚﻮﺯ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﲑ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ..‬ﺣﻜﺎﻳ ﹲﺔ ﳌﺬﻫ ﹺ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺳﺎﻧﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﹲﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻜﺎﻳ ‪‬ﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٥٠/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٢٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺟﺰ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻔﺔ ﺇﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻭﺃﰎ ﺍﻷﺭﻛﺎﻥ –ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‪ -‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑﺔ ﺳﺎﺋﺮﺓ؛ ﻓﻼ ﺗﺼﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﰲ »ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ« ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٤٣١-٤٣٠/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢١٠/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٢٢/٣‬‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﻓ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟ ‪‬ﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﻲ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺷﺮﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻨ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹶﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻔ ‪‬ﺔ –ﻛﺎﻟﻐﺰﺍﱄ ﻭﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﲔ‪-‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺇﻗﺎﻣ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻀ ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺼﻠ ‪‬ﺢ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍ ﹺﺭ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٤٣١-٤٣٠/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻁ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﹰﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﺷﺘﺮ ﹶ‬
‫)‪ (٢٢١/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٠٩/١‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪.(٤٢٩/١‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪" (٤٣١/١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﹰﺓ ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ‪) ...‬ﺃﺻﺤﻬﻤﺎ( ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﶈﻜﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ »ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ« ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ‬
‫ﳚﻮﺯ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺳﲑ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑﺔ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺏ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﲑ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﲞﻼﻓﻪ؛ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﲟﺜﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﱪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻬﻴﻤﺔ ﳍﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﲑ؛ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻜﺎﺩ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﲑ ﺗﺴﲑ؛ ﺍﺫ ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﳍﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﺍﱄ‪ -‬ﻭﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﲔ ﱂ ﻳﺰﻳﺪﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﳌﺼﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍ ُﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﱢﻠﻤﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺄﻣﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪" :‬ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﻭﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﲔ ﱂ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﺍ‪ "...‬ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻮﺑﺘﻪ ﺑﺈﻋﺠﺎﻣﻬﺎ )ﻳﺰﻳﺪﺍ( ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺴﺠﻢ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٢٧٨‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻄﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ)‪،(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬

‫ﺴﺎ؛ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ)‪ (١‬ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﻋﻠﺔ؛ ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫‪ -٧١٠‬ﻭﻟﻠﻤﺮﺀ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠ ﹶﺔ ﺟﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻢ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ‬
‫ﲔ ﺁﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﱠﰒ ﳜ ‪‬ﺮ ﻟﻠﺮﻛﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﻉ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻓﻴﻘﺮﹶﺃ ﺑﻨﺤ ﹴﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﻭﺭﻛﻊ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺟﺎﻟﺲ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧١١‬ﻭﺻﻼ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻴ ﹺﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎ ﹺﺭ ﻣﺜﲎ ﻣﺜﲎ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﳊﻀﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻳﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﲔ ﻛﻞ ﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﺑﺴﻼﻡ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٧١٢‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺩﺧ ﹶﻞ ﻣﺴﺠ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻓﻠﲑﻛﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﳚﻠﺲ)‪(٦‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﲢﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﺎﻥ‪.(١) (٧)#‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺻﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٣٩/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ )ﺹ‪-١٩ (٢٢٠‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺠﺪ‪-٢٠ ،‬ﺏ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﰒ ﺻﺢ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺧﻔﺔ ﲤﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺡ )‪ (١١١٨‬ﻭ )‪ ،(١١١٩‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪-٦ (٥٠٥/١‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻗﺼﺮﻫﺎ‪-١٦ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﻋﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻭﻓﻌﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺎ ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻋﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﺡ‬
‫)‪.(٧٣١‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ )‪ (٣٢/٤‬ﻭ)‪ (٣٣/٤‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ )‪.(٣٣٨/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٧‬ﻭﻳﺴﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٥٤١/٣‬‬
‫ﺽ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻔ ﹴﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١١٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻭﲢﺼﻞ ﺑﻔﺮ ﹴ‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ ‪$‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻠﺲ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ‪ ،#‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺠﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻉ ﻣﺜﲎ ﻣﺜﲎ‪ ، (١١٦٣) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻗﺼﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﲢﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺑﺮﻛﻌﺘﲔ‪.(٧١٤) ،‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﲏ ﰲ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(٢٦٥/١‬ﻭ»ﲢﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﺎﻥ« ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻖ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﺘﻤﻞ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪." ‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ )‪ (٣٦١ :٧٦/٢‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺫﺭ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺟﺎﻟﺲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺫﺭ ﺇﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺠﺪ ﲢﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻥ ﲢﻴﺘﻪ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﻛﻌﻬﻤﺎ‪ #‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺷﻌﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﺭﻧﺆﻭﻁ‪ :‬ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺟ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﰱ ﺍﳊﻠﻴﺔ )‪ ،(١٦٦/١‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ ،(٥٩٧/٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺪﻱ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺜﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺣﺪ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٦٥/١‬ﻣﻊ ﻋﺰﻭﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻭﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻃﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻧﻘ ﹶﻞ ﻫﺬ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﹶﺓ ﲝﺮﻭﻓ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺗﺮﺗﻴ ﹺ‬
 ‫‪٢٧٩‬‬

‫‪ -٧١٣‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﺫﺍﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﻧﺎﻓﻠﺔ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪(٤) (٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳊﺞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺠﺪﺓ‪/‬‬ ‫‪] -٧١٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ[‪ :‬ﻭﺳﺠﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ]ﺃﺭﺑﻊ[ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺳﺠﺪﺗﺎﻥ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻔﺼﻞ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ  ﺹ  ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﻲﺀ)‪.(٧‬‬

‫‪ -٧١٥‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﹶﺃ ﺳﺠﺪ ﹰﺓ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺼ ﹺﺮ ﻭﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟﺼﺒ ﹺﺢ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺠ ﹺﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺴﺠﺪ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﺠﺪ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﻃﺎﻫ ‪‬ﺮﺍ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻳﺴﺘﻤﻊ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻪ‬ ‫‪ -٧١٦‬ﻭﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﲰ ‪‬ﻊ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ]ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ[ ﺳﺠﺪﺓ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺠﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺴﺠﺪ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺳﺠﻮﺩﻩ‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﻊ‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﺴﺠﺪ ﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻓﺴﺠﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺴﺠﺪ ﻣﻌﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٨١/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٩٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٣٤/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪. (٤٠٢/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺸﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٧٤‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٠‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١١٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١١٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣١٨/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٩٢/٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢١٤/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤١٥/٨‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٠‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١١٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪(١١٣‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٩٢/٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢١٤/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣١٨/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٥٢-٥٤٧/٨‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٠‬ﺃﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻔﺼﻞ ﺳﺠﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺳﺠﺪﰐ ﺍﻻﻧﺸﻘﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﺴﺠﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﻧﻔﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺗ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣١٨/١‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢١٤/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٩٢/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٠‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١١٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١١٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٩٣/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣١٨/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻓﻼ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻣﺖ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٩١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٨٦/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١١٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢١٧/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٩/١٠‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١١٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢١٦/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻤﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١١٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢١٦-٢١٥/١‬‬
‫‪ ٢٨٠‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺳﺠﺪﺓ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ‬
‫]ﻭﻣﻦ ﲰﻊ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﺠﺪ ﺃﻭﻛﺪ ]ﰲ[ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻟﺲ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ[ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺠﺪ ]ﺑﺴﺠﻮﺩﻩ[ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺳﺠﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺴﺠﻮﺩﻩ)‪ (٢‬ﺣﺴﻦ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮ‬ ‫‪ -٧١٧‬ﻭﺳﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻜ ﹺﺮ ﺣﺴ ‪‬ﻦ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻠ ﹶﻎ‪/٣٧)/‬ﺏ( ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹶﻞ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ)‪ (٥‬ﳑﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻣ ﹴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﻠﻮﻯ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺑﺘﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺎ ﻏﲑ‪‬ﻩ ﻓﲑﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﺷﻜ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﷲ‬
‫‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﺣﺴﻦ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٧١٨‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،(٨) ‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ )‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﻋﻤﺮ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪. ‬‬
‫‪ -٧١٩‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٧٢٠‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺳﺠﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﻻ ]ﰲ[ ﺳﺠﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﺗﺸﻬﺪ)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻻ ﺳﻼﻡ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١١٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢١٦/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺴﺠﻮﺩﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١١٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢١٦/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١١٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴ ‪‬ﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤١٦/٨‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١١٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢١٨/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺳﺠﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ‪ ،(٢٧٧٤) ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮﺓ ‪ ‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻪ‪ ..‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﺳﺎﺟ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺷﺎﻛ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﷲ!‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻙ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ @ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀﻩ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺳﺮﻭ ﹴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﲑ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺳﺠﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ‪ ،(١٥٧٨) ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺠﺪﺓ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ‪ ،(١٣٩٤) ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ ،(٢٧٦/١‬ﻭﺣﺴﻨﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺇﺭﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫)‪.(٢٢٨-٢٢٧/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ ،(٥٩٦٣ :٣٥٨/٣‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ ،(٤٨٢/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ (٣٧١/٢‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫)‪ ،(٣١٩/٣‬ﻭﺿﻌﻔﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺭﻭﺍﺀ )‪.(٣٠٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ ،(٤٨٣/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ (٣٧١/٢‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪.(٣١٩/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٢‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ – (١١٤‬ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻼﻭﺓ‪ -‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١١٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢١٩/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢١٦/١‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢٨١‬‬

‫‪ -٧٢١‬ﻏﲑ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻫﻮﻯ ﻟﻠﺴﺠﻮﺩ)‪ (٢‬ﳍﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﻫﻮﻯ ]ﺑﻪ[ ﺑﺘﻜﺒﲑ]ﺓ[ ﻭﺭﻓﻊ ﺑﺘﻜﺒﲑ]ﺓ[)‪.(٣‬‬

‫‪   ْ 5‬‬
‫‪
aD#xYz6 P‬א‪ 'q‬م
و '‪ x‬‬
‫ﺱ ﻭﻳﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ)‪ (٥‬ﻣﻦ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻔﺮ ‪‬ﺩﺍ‪..‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٧٢٢‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻤﺘﲔ‪$ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻭﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﷲ‪ #‬ﻋﻦ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ‪$ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻭﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﷲ‪ #‬ﻋﻦ ﴰﺎﻟﻪ)‪.(٧) (٦‬‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫‪ -٧٢٣‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬؛ ﺭﻭﻯ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﳍﻤﺪﺍﱐ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ)‪ ،(١‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭ‬ ‫‪(١٠‬‬
‫)ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺭﺟﻞ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﻌﻤﺘﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪ .‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢١٧/١‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﺴﺠﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١١٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢١٦/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺳﻼﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺳﻼﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﺎﺭﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٧٨/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٨‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٧٧/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﻹﻓﺮﻳﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﺍﺩﻩ ﰲ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﺧﻲ ﻭﲨﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﳍﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﱄ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻼ ﺻﺎﳊﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ ﳌﺮﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪ :‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﰲ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ‬
‫)‪ ،(٥٠٥/٢‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(٥٧٨‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻟﻌﻠﻬﺎ‪" :‬ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﳍﻤﺪﺍﱐ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﰲ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﻣﻜﺜﺮ ﻋﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﺃﻯ‬
‫ﻋﻠ‪‬ﻴﺎ ‪ ‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﳜﻄﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ‪ :‬ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺭﻗﻢ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﻭﻋﺪﻱ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻭﺧﻠﻖ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ .‬ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺙ ﻋﻦ ﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﺷﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺶ ﻭﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﻱ ﻭﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ ﻭﺧﻼﺋﻖ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺻ ‪‬ﻮﺍﻣﹰﺎ ﻗ ‪‬ﻮﺍﻣﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘ ﹰ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻗﺒﻪ ﻏﺰﻳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻮﻡ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﺎﻙ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫‪‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪ ،(٢٨٤/٣‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(٧٣٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻔﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﰲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﺑﻦ‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٢٨٢‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻘﻤﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻳﻜﱪ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﻭﻗﻴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻌﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ‪$ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻭﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﷲ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﺭﻩ‪$ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻭﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﷲ‪،#‬‬
‫ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﻳﺮﻯ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﺧﺪﻳﻪ ﻛﻠﺘﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﻔﻌﻼﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.(٤)/(٣)#‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡﹺ؛ ﻓﺈﹺﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﻍ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻼﻣﻪ‪ ..‬ﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ‬
‫‪] -٧٢٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺧﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﴰﺎﻟﻪ؛ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ]ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭ[ )ﰲ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻤﻪ‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ)‪(٢‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺃﺭﻃﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺶ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺃﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪ .‬ﺬﻳﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ )‪.(٥٣٠/١٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﰲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺧﻲ ﻋﻠﻘﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻘﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ‪ :‬ﺑﻼﻝ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺧﺘﻪ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻌﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺩﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﲪﺪ ﺛﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳋﲑ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ )‪.(٢٣٣/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻘﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺷﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﻮﰲ ﺧﺎﻝ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺪ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻭﳊﻖ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﲰﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻔﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﺒﻞ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺛﺒﺘﹰﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﻘﻞ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺧﲑ ﻭﻭﺭﻉ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﰲ ﻫﺪﻳﻪ ﻭ ‪‬ﺩﱢﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﲰﺘﻪ ﻭﻓﻀﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ )‪ ،(٤٨/١‬ﻭ‪‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪.(١٤٠/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (٣٦٦٠ :١٧٤/٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳛﲕ ‪-‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻥ‪ -‬ﻋﻦ ﺯﻫﲑ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪ ،(٩٩٦) ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ (٢٩٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ‪ (١٣٢٢) ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ )ﺹ‪،(٢٠٩ :٦٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ )‪ (١٩٩٣ :٣٣٣/٥‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٧٥‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٧٨/٢‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(٢٧٨/٢‬ﻭﻳﻨﻮﻱ –ﺃﻱ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮ ‪‬ﻡ‪ -‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺘﲔ ﻛﺎﻥ"‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫)‪.(١٧٨/١‬‬
 ‫‪٢٨٣‬‬

‫ﳚﻮﺯ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺭﺩﻙ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻠﻢ)‪ (١‬ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﺳﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ‪ #‬ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‪$ :‬ﺳﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ‪ #‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪








  :(٢)‬‬

‫ ]ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪.[٨٦ :‬‬

‫ﺱ‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﻣﺴﺠ ‪‬ﺪ‪/‬ﲨﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﻻ ﰲ‬

‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ )ﺻﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﰲ ﳎﻠ ِ‬
‫‪] -٧٢٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺜﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹺﺇﻟﹶﻲ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﺸﲑ ‪‬ﺓ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫‪] -٧٢٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﻭﰲ »ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ«‪ :‬ﳚﻠﺲ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﳚﻠﺲ؛ ﻓﻜﻨﺎ ﻧﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ (٥)/‬ﻟﻴﻨﻔﺬ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ[)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٧٢٧‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٨‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺜﺒﺖ)‪ (٩‬ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎﺀ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٧٢٨‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺩﺧ ﹶﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﻓﻮﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺟﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ‪‬ﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺤﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻭﻟﻴﺠﻠﺲ ﻣﻌﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻼ ﺗﻜﺒﲑ ﻓﻘﻀﻰ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﻪ ﰲ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺠﻠﺲ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺮﺍﻍ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺘﲔ ﺍﻵ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ ]ﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ[‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﻘﻢ ﺑﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ)‪ (١‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ﱠﻞ ‪‬ﺫ ﹾﻛﺮ‪‬ﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻧﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺜﺒﺖ ﻟﻴﻨﺼﺮﻓﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٨‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٨٣/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/١٣‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٨٧/٢‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٨٩/٢‬ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٨‬ﻭﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(١٨٣/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﺜﺒﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٨٩/٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ " :‬ﻭﺃﺳﺘﺤﺐ ﻟﻠﻤﺼﻠﻲ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ‪‬ﺍ ﻭﻟﻠﻤﺄﻣﻮﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻴﻼ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺃﻱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﻪ ﰲ ﺟﻠﻮﺳﻪ ﻟﻠﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﺍﻻﻭﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺠﻠﺲ ﻣﻌﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٢٨٤‬‬

‫‪ (٢) -٧٢٩‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﺎﻹﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א ‪ [7Ddfs‬א‪ 'q‬م‪u$7P‬א ‪ kNZ‬‬

‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ ﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺳﺒﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺮﻛﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻤ ‪‬ﻊ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺧﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٧٣٠‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺲ)‪ (٤‬ﻓﺴﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﺳﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ‪..‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻧﻐﻤﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻈ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺳﱠﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﻘﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺳﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ﳛﻤﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﺘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ]ﺑﻘﻴﺖ[ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ‪..‬‬
‫ﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺇﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﻗ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﺝ ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺧﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺧﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ‪‬ﻣﻌﺎﺫ ﻓﺼﻠﻰ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ؛ َﻷ ﱠﻥ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺧﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻍ‪.‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶ‬
‫‪ -٧٣١‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﺳﹼﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻭﻫﻮ)‪ (١‬ﺭﺍﻛ ‪‬ﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺎﺟ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ..‬ﺃﻟﻐﻰ ﲨﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﺑﺘﺪﺃ‬
‫ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﺗﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺀ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺭﻛﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﺳﺠﻮﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺒﻮﻕ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻜ‪‬ﺒﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺟﻠﻮﺳﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺟﻠﻮﺳﻪ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ‪‬ﺍ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﻜﱪ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﺮﺩ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼﻑ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(٢٦٢/١‬‬
‫ﺠﻮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ﹺﻊ((‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﲏ ﰲ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣١١/١‬ﻋﻦ )) ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹺﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٢٠-٢١٩/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣١١/١‬ﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﲨﻊ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻣﻊ‪ .‬ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪ :‬ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﹺﺭﻭ‪‬ﺍ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ‪‬ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﹶﺃﺑﹺﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﺠ‪‬ﺎﺭ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺩ‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺳﺠ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ﹴﻞ ﹶﻓﹺﺈ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟﹺﺈﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﺭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻛ ‪‬ﻊ ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﺴﹺﺒ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﺮﻛﹸﻮ ﹴ‬ ‫ﻒ ﺍﹾﻟﹺﺈﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﻡ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ‪‬ﻳﻌ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﺾ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺭﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒﹶﻠﻪ‪ ‬ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺉ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹺﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻊ ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺠ ﹺﺰ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬‫ﺳ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﺬ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﻠﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺓ ﺇﻟﱠﺎ‬
‫ﺠ ﹺﺰﹸﺋ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﺍﹾﺋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺭﻛﹸﻮ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﺠ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳﻜﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺇﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻛﻌ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹺﺇﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺳ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺟﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹺﺇﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘﹺﺒﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‪.‬‬‫ﹶﺫ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺠﻠﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻗﺪ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﺪﺃ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺇﺷﻜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺘﺄﰐ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٦٤/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﳌﺴﺒﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻇﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻗﺪ ﻓﺮﻍ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢٨٥‬‬

‫‪N8x%>8x'6 P‬م‪9 E‬و‪ d‬‬

‫‪ -٧٣٢‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﻬﻰ ﻋﻦ ]ﺳﻼﻡ[ ﻧﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﺣﱴ ﺩﺧﻞ ﰲ ﻓﺮﻳﻀﺔ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮ‪ (٢)/‬ﻗﺮﻳ‪‬ﺒﺎ‪ ..‬ﺟﻠﺲ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠ ﹶﺔ ‪-‬ﺇﹺﻥ ﺷﺎ َﺀ‪ -‬ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺸﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﺳﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﺳﺠﺪ ﹺ‬
‫ﰐ ﺍﻟﺴﻬ ﹺﻮ ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻼ ﹺﻡ ﻭﺩﺧ ﹶﻞ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻀ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺈﺣﺮﺍ ﹴﻡ ﺟﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺪ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﻭﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ‪ :‬ﻭﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﰊ‬ ‫‪ | -٧٣٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ ..‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﻭﺍﺑﺘﺪﺃ ﺇﺣﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻣﺎ)‪ (٦‬ﺟﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧٣٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺳﻬﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻼﻡ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺣﱴ ﺩﺧﻞ ﰲ ﻧﺎﻓﻠﺔ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‪/٣٨)/‬ﺏ(‬
‫ﻗﺮﻳ‪‬ﺒﺎ‪ ..‬ﺭﺟﻊ ﻓﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﻭﺳﺠﺪ ﺳﺠﺪﰐ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻮ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﲤﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﻌﺪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٧٣٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺎﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﺗﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺳﺎ ‪‬ﻩ)‪ (٨‬ﻟﻠﺴﻼﻡ)‪ ،(١٠)(٩‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ @ﺑﹸﺄ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟ ﹸﻘﺮ‪‬ﺁ ‪‬ﻥ« ﻭ ‪  D  C B A‬ﺃﻭ @ﺑﹸﺄ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟ ﹸﻘﺮ‪‬ﺁ ‪‬ﻥ« ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻃﻮ‪‬ﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻞ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻮﺩ ﰒ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻡ ﻳﻜﻔﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ؟ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺻﺤﻬﻤﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻮﺽ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﻟﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﻓﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٦٤/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٧٦‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﳓﻮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺇﺣﺮﺍﻣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﳓﻮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺳﺎﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺳﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٣/٤‬‬
‫‪ ٢٨٦‬‬

‫ﺑﻼ ﻋﻘﺪ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ‪) ..‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﻄﺎﻭ ﹰﻻ ‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺎﻭ ﹺﻝ ‪-‬ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎ ِﺀ ﻭﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﻧﺴ ‪‬ﻲ ﺭﻛﻌ ﹰﺔ‪ :-‬ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺭ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ ‬ﺫﻭ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳ ﹺﻦ ﻭﺭ ‪‬ﺩ)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٥) (٤‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﹶﻛﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗ ‪‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א ‪Y?D‬א(? ‪ E٦Fin‬‬

‫‪ -٧٣٦‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺼﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﺰ ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺣﻀﺮﺕ؛ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺻﻼﺓ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ)‪ (٧‬ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ)‪.(٩) (٨‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﻄﺎﻭﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺭﺩﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺎﻭ ﹺﻝ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﻘﻮﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﰲ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﻘﻠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٤٣/٤‬ﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺘﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﱄ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ‪-‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻯ‪ -‬ﻧﺼ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻗﻮ ﹲﻝ ﻻ ﻭﺟﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ ﻧﺴﺐ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺭﻛﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻭﻧﻪ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﺴﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻏﲑ ﺻﺮﻳﺢ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﺒﻖ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪" :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺎﻭﻝ ‪-‬ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪ : -‬ﻣﺎﱂ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺣﲔ ﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻗﺪﺭ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻣﺴﺄﻟﺘﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺎﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﱪﺓ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪" :(٢٤٤/٢‬ﻓﺎﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﻔﺼﺎﻝ ﰒ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻇﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻑ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﲣﻠﻞ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻳﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻞ ﺍﻟﻈﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺿﺮﺏ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ ﻗﺼﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺴﻴﻪ ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺼﺎﻝ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٣/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪) :‬ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﰲ ]‪/٥٤‬ﺏ[ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺎﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎﻑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻱ ﻓﻼ ﺗﻜﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٣٧/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٦٠‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﳑﺎ ﻓﺎﺗﺖ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﺍﱄ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (٤٩/٣‬ﺍﶈﺮﺭ )ﺹ‪ (٨٤‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٧٠/٥‬‬
 ‫‪٢٨٧‬‬

‫‪ -٧٣٧‬ﻭﻳﻜﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ ﺃﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪ (٢) (١‬ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺗﻜﺒﲑﺓ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫‪ -٧٣٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧٣٩‬ﻭﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺑﺄﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ‪$‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﺒﺪﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﻳﻚ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳏﺴ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺰﺩ ﰲ ﺇﺣﺴﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﹰﺌﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،(٢)#‬ﻭﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺑﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٦٠٥/٢‬ﻭ‪ (٦٤٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٦٠‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪" (١٦٦‬ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻊ ﺃﺭﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﺗﺼﺢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬
‫ﺇﻻ ‪‬ﻦ"‪ .‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (٥٥/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٨٧/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٦١٠/٢‬ﻭ‪ (٦٤٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٦٠‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (٥٥/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٨٨/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ ﺭﻛﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻭﻻ ﲡﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٥٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ )‪ (١٢٥/٢‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (١٩١/٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(٤٣٥/٢‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﻯ ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺟﺰﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ )ﺹ‪ ١٢٩‬ﻁ‪ ٣‬ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺭ(‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺮﺭ )ﺹ‪ (٨٤‬ﺗﺒﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻬﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ‪‬ﻧﺼ‪‬ﲔ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺰﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻔﱴ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ )‪ (١٧١/٢‬ﻭﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(٣١٩/١‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" (٦٤٦/٢‬ﻭﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺑﻔﺎﲢﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" (٦٠‬ﰒ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺑﻔﺎﲢﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﰒ ﻳﻜﱪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪" :(١٦٦‬ﺭﻛﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ " :(٦١٢/٢‬ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺐ‪ ‬ﺇﹺﺫﺍ ﹶﻛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺯ ‪‬ﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺮﹶﺃ ﺑﺄ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ‪‬ﻥ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻷُﻭﱃ ﰒ ﻳﻜ ‪‬ﱪ ﰒ‬
‫ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻐﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﺎﺕ ﰒ ﳜﻠﺺ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺖ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ" ﻫﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻨﺼﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻳﻘﺮﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ " ‪‬ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ –ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺮﺭ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ ﻭﻭﺍﻓﻘﻪ ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،-(١٩٢/٥‬ﺃﻡ ﺟﺎﺀ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻻﺷﺘﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﻨﻮﻥ؛ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﺎﺕ –ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﺼﺮﻩ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ، -‬ﻭﺑﻨﺎ ًﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻨﺎ ًﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎ ﺍﻷﺍﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻮﺍﺯﻡ ﻓﺎﺳﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﻌﺪﻡ ﺗﻌﲔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺃﺳﲎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪" :(٣١٩-٣١٨/١‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪-‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ -‬ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ‪ -١‬ﺧﻠﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻛﺮ‪ -٢ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺭﻛﻨﲔ ﰲ ﺗﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ... ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺧﻔﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺃﻭﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺫﺭﻋﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻧﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٣٦/٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤٧٢/٢‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺍﱐ )‪ (١٣٦/٣‬ﻭﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ )‪.(١٧١/٢‬‬
‫‪ ٢٨٨‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺎﺕ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﳚﺘﻬﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺖ‬

‫ﻭﻳﻜﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‪$ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﻻ ﲢﺮﻣﻨﺎ ﺃﺟﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻔﺘﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪.(٦)#‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪﻳﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٥٢‬ﻭ ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (/٣‬ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ‬
‫)‪ ،(١٩٥/٥‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" (٦١٢/٢‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﻙ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﻣﺘﻚ"‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪" :(١٣٩/٣‬ﻭﰲ ﻧﺺ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪) :‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﻙ("‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫ﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﻦ ﳎﻤﻮ ﹺ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ " :(١٩٧/٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﱄ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘ ﹶ‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩ ‪‬ﺓ ﺩﻋﺎ ًﺀ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺤ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺫﻛ ‪‬ﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ )‪ (١٧٢/٣‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٨/٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻣﻊ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦١٢/٢‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٦٠‬ﻭﺍﶈﺮﺭ )ﺹ‪ (٨٥‬ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (١٩٥/٥‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪ (١٩٧/٥‬ﻭﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٣٨/٣‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٥٢‬ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ‪-‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ -‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺑﺄﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﰒ ﻳﻜﱪ ﰒ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﺎﺕ ﰒ ﳜﻠﺺ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺖ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﺆﻗﺖ ﻭﺃﺣﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ ...‬ﰒ‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮﻩ" ﻓﻴﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦١٢/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٦٠‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٦٦‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺭﻛﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻼﲡﺰﺉ ﰲ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪ (١٩٤/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٥٢‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٣٦/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻧﺪﺑ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ . ‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦١٢/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٦٠‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪ (١٩٥-١٩٤/٥‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٣٧/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺖ ﺭﻛﻦ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦١٢/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٦٠‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪(١٥٢‬‬
‫ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ،(١٣٧/٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(١٩٦/٥‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﺟﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻻ ﳚﺰﺉ ﰲ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺨﺼﻴﺼﻪ ‪‬ﺎ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﻭﺍﺗﻔﻘﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻌﲔ ﳍﺎ ﺩﻋﺎﺀ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﺫﻛﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪ ،(١٩٩/٥‬ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (٥٧/٣‬ﻭﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ )‪ (١٧٢/٣‬ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ‬
‫)‪ (١٩٨/٥‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٩٩/٥‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪" :(٥٧/٣‬ﰒ ﻳﻜﱪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﻳﺴﻠﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﳛﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﱪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﻏﻔﺮ ﳊﻴﻨﺎ ﻭﻣﻴﺘﻨﺎ ﻭﺷﺎﻫﺪﻧﺎ ﻭﻏﺎﺋﺒﻨﺎ ‪ .‬ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﲔ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ‪ :‬ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ﺁﺗﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻨﺎ ﻋﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﲟﺤﻜﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺴﻨﺎ"‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻏﲑ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٢٨٩‬‬

‫‪ -٧٤٠‬ﰒ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﻋﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﺭﻩ)‪.(١‬‬

‫‪ -٧٤١‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ ﺩﻋﺎﺀ)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻊ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٧٤٢‬ﻭﻟﻴﺴﻠﻢ)‪ (٤‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻔﻪ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻤﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒ ﹺﲑ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺪﺧ ﹾﻞ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ ]ﺑﻼ ﺗﻜﺒﲑ[)‪ (٥‬ﻓﻴﻜﱪ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ‪.(٦)/‬‬
‫‪ -٧٤٣‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻓﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" (٦٠‬ﰒ ﻳﻜﱪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﰒ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ" ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺩﻋﺎ ًﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﱂ ﻳﺼﺮﺡ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪" :(٧٠/٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﻟﲔ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺣﺎﻟﲔ؛ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻭﺃﻏﻔﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻮﺍﺟﺐ" ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٩٩/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺭﻛﻦ ﻻ ﺗﺼﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٩٩/٥‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٠٠/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٥٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤٧٢/٢‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪ (٤٤/٢‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺍﱐ )‪.(١٣٥/٣‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ »ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ«‪ ،‬ﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪ (٢٠٠/٥‬ﻭﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٢٧/٢‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٦٠‬ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٤٦/٢‬ﺻﺮﺡ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻤﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ "ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﴰﺎﻟﻪ" ﻭﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺁﺧﺮ‬
‫)‪ (٦١١/٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ‪ ...‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻤﺘﲔ" ﻭﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪" :(١٦٧‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪...‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻤﻴﺘﲔ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(٦٠٦/٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺯﺓ"‪ .‬ﰒ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(٤١٧/٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ« ﻓﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻗﻴﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ« ﺃﻭ »ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻠﺪﻧﺎ« ﻓﻬﻮ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ‪." ‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (٥٩/٣‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺰﺍ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻧﻘ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ‪ :‬ﳛﺘﻤﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺔ ﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﲪﻠﻨﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻓﻤﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‬
‫ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﺮﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪" :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪ ..‬ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﲝﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺑﺪﺍﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﺋﻊ )‪.(٣١٣/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﱪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻓﻴﻜﱪﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻜﱪ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﱪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻄﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٧٧‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٢٩٠‬‬

‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪ ،(٣‬ﰒ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬

‫ﺴ ﹰﻘﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪ -٧٤٤‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﻘﺾ‬
‫ﻳﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧٤٥‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ)‪ (٤‬ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺖ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪] -٧٤٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﻜﱪ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ[)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٧٤٧‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﺮ ‪‬ﻙ)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹶﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﳑﻦ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ)‪ (٨‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺮﺍ)‪ (٩‬ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻓﺎﺟ ‪‬ﺮﺍ)‪.(١١)(١٠‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻘﺾ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٠٢/٥‬‬
‫)‪" (٢‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﺘﺘﺎﺑﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻦ" ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٠١/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ؛ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺒﻮﻕ ﻳﺘﺪﺍﺭﻙ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑﺍﺕ ﺑﺄﺫﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺼﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (١٥٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٢٨/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٠٢/٥‬ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ "ﻫﺬﺍ ﻧﺼﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻧﻘﻠﺘﻪ"‪.‬ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻻﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺏ ﻭﻋﺪﻣﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫)‪.(٧٢-٧١/٣‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٢٦/٢‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٦١-٦٠‬ﻭﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٨‬ﺍﻷَﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﻭﱂ ﳛﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٢٦/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٦١-٦٠‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪(١٦٧‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (٦٢/٣‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٧١/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٢٨/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٠٤/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ :‬ﻳﺘﺮﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ »ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ«‪ :‬ﺗﺘﺮﻙ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﻭ@ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ!‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﳏﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻷﻥ ﻛﺘﻮﻥ )ﻟﻠﻘﺒﻠﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬

‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺮ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﺟﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ )‪ ،(٤٠٧/٥‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻻ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺼﻠﹼﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ٢٢٢/٥‬ﻭ‪٢٢٩‬‬ ‫ﻧﺺ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٤٩‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﶈﺪﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟ ﹺﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ (٢٣٠‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﶈﺪﻭﺩ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ "ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (١٥٤‬ﻭﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٤٨/١‬ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٢١٧/٥‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢١٨/٥‬ﲢﺮﱘ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻭﺍ ﻏﲑﻩ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢٩١‬‬

‫‪ -٧٤٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ)‪ (١‬ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﺰ؛ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺒﻴﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎ ُﺀ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪ (٢)/‬ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠ ﹶﺔ ﺻ ﹰﻔﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻨﺐ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺳﻄ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﻣﺴﺘﻮ‪‬ﻳﺎ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺧﻠﻔﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ]ﺧﻠﻔﻬﻢ[ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٧٤٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ )ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺻﺒﻴﺎ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﻭﺭﺟﺎ ﹰﻻ‪ ..(٥‬ﻓﺎﻟﺼﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧٥٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ)‪ (٦‬ﺻﺒﻴﺎ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﻭﻧﺴﺎ ًﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪] -٧٥١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﻧﺴﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ[‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳛ‪‬ﻨﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻜ ﱠﻔﻦ ﻭ‪‬ﻳﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺭﻯ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ)‪ (٧‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﱠﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ َِ‪‬ﺳ ﹾﻘ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٧٥٢‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﺎﺓ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ‪-‬ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻞ)‪ (٨‬ﺻﺎﺭ ‪‬ﺧﺎ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﻬﻞ‪ ..-‬ﻏﺴﻞ ﻭﻛﻔﻦ ﻭﺣﻨﻂ ﻭﺻﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٩‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٣٩‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٢٦/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٦٠‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٦-١٦٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٤٨/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺻﺒﻴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻬﻞ‪ .‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺻﺎﺡ‪ .‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٤٩/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻂ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻬﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﻏﺴﻠﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻬﻞ ﺃﻭ ﳜﺘﻠﺞ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻐﺴﻞ ﻭﻳﺼﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﺝ ﻭﻻ ﻏﲑﳘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺣﺎﻻﻥ‪-:‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺼﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻐﺴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ..‬ﳚﺐ ﻏﺴﻠﻪ ﻭﻻ ﲡﺐ ﻭﻻ ﲡﻮﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻗﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻐﺴﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪.(٢١٥-٢١٤/٥‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٩٥/٢‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٩‬ﻭﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٥-١٦٤‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻂ ﻳﻐﺴﻞ ﻭﻳﻜﻔﻦ ﻭﻳﺼﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﻬﻞ ﻏﺴﻞ ﻭﻛﻔﻦ ﻭﺩﻓﻦ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ )ﺹ‪ (٢٠٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٥٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٤٩/١‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺟﻮﺭﻱ )‪.(٤٦٩/١‬‬
‫‪ ٢٩٢‬‬

‫‪ -٧٥٣‬ﻭﺃﻭﻟﻴﺎ ُﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ‪‬ﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺼﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﺣﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ)‪(١‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺪ)‪ ..(٤‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺃﹶﻭﹶﻟﻰ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﳍﺎ ﻭﱄ ﻋﺼﺒﺔ‪..‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺼﺒﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻋﺼﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﺴﺎﻭ‪‬ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺬﻟﻚ)‪ (٦‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺣﺮﺝ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﳏﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫‪ -٧٥٤‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﱯ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪] :‬ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ[ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺍﷲ؛ ]ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻠﻴﻢ)‪ ..[(١٠‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺼﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﺴﺒ‪‬ﻴﺎ )ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ‪ (١١‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻮﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﹺﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺣ‪‬ﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪ -٧٥٥‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻃﻔ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٧٥٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (١‬ﺳﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﺑﻮﻳﻪ‪) ..‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﻩ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻓﺪﻳﻨﻪ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺃﺑﻮﻳﻪ‪.(٣)(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﱃ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺴﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(١٧٨/٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺣﻖ ﻟﻠﺰﻭﺝ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺯﺓ" ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٤٧/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪] .(٤٨٩/٢‬ﺯ[‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻳ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻌﺼﺒﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﰲ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٤٧/١‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺬﺍﻙ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻣﺪﺧ ﹶﻞ‬
‫ﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻭ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﳌﺼﻨ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (/٢‬ﻭﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ " :(٣٤٧/١‬ﻭﹶﺃﺷﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ﺳﻜﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻓ ﹺﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﳏﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﻐﺴ ﹺﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻔ ﹺ‬
‫ﻚ‪ ،‬ﲞﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ‪‬ﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻭﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﺎﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﻣﻘﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ" ﻭﻫﻮ ﳐﺎﻟﻒ ﻟﻨﺼﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺗﻜﺮﺭ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﳏﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻟـ‪" :‬ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ" ﻭ "ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻢ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﺔ‪ :‬ﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻏ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﺷﺘﺪ ﺷﺒﻘﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ‪) .‬ﺹ‪.(٣٦٨‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻊ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦٨/٩‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٣٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤٢٣/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٤٣١/٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻮﻉ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢٩٣‬‬

‫‪ -٧٥٧‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﺎﳉﻠﻮﺱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺯﺓ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫ﺴ ﹸﻞ)‪ (٦‬ﻭﻳﺪﻓﻦ ﰲ ﺛﻴﺎﺑﻪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٧٥٨‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬‬
‫‪] -٧٥٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﱰﻉ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻛﻞ ﺟﻠﺪ ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﻀﻰ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺮﻙ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ[‪.(١) (٨)/‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻐﺴﻞ‬ ‫‪ -٧٦٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﲪﻞ ﻭﻋﺎﺵ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻜﻔﻦ ﻭﳛﻨﻂ ﻭﻳﺼﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ ..." :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﺳﻮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﺘﺒﲔ ﱄ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻠﻬﺎ‪" :‬ﻓﺪﻳﻨﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪" :‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦٨/٩‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٣٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤٢٣/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٣٢/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﻮﺿﻊ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻭﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٤٠/١‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٢٤٠/٥‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪ (٢٤١/٥‬ﺍﻹﻗﻨﺎﻉ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ )‪.(١٥٦/١‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﹺﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺯ ﹶﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﻮﻣﻮﺍ‪،‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻮﺿ ‪‬ﻊ‪ ،#‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺗﺒﻊ ﺟﻨﺎﺯﺓ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻘﻌﺪ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻦ ‪‬ﺗﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻛﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ‪ ،(١٣١٠) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﺠﻨﺎﺯﺓ‪.(٩٥٩) ،‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ‬ﻳﺮﻯ ﻧﺴﺦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻵﻣﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ‪ ‬ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺯﺓ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﰒ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﻤﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺻﺤﺖ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ ﺇﻻ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪ ] ‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ (٩٦٢‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺷﺄﻥ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﺰ‪» :‬ﺇﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻡ ﰒ ﻗﻌﺪ«[ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺻﺮﳛ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺦ ﺑﻞ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻧﺴ ‪‬ﺦ َﻷﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﳏﺘﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻮﺩ ﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٤١/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻐﺘﺴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٩٦/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٩‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٣-١٦٢‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ (٤٢٢/٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٤٢٢/٢‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ‬
‫)‪ (٢٢٠/٥‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٢١/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١١٨/٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٤٩/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٥٤‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٢٠/٢‬‬
‫‪ ٢٩٤‬‬

‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٧٦١‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻗﺘﻴﻞ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ )ﻋﺪﻭ ﻣﻦ‪ (٣‬ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺝ)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻭ ﺣﺮﺍﺏ‬
‫‪ -٧٦٢‬ﺃﻭ ﻏﺮﻳﻖ)‪) (٦‬ﺃﻭ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ‪ (٧‬ﺃﻭ)‪ (٨‬ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﻜﻔﻨﻮﻥ ﻭﻳﺼﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ)‪،(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٧٦٣‬ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺮﻙ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -٧٦٤‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﻐﺴﻞ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ‪ (١١)/‬ﻭﺗ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ ﺃﻭ ﲬ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٧٦٥‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ)‪ (١٣‬ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﻮﺭ)‪ (١٤‬ﺇﻥ ﺗﻴﺴﺮ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻴﺴﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺣﺮﺝ‪،‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻌﺎﺵ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺎﺑﻂ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺷﻬﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻐﺴﻞ ﻭﻳﺼﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٩٨/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٩‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٣‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ (٤٢٢/٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٤٢٤/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ (١١٩/٢‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٢٢٠/٥‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٢١/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﻋﺪﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٠٠/٢‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ (٤٢٢/٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٤٢٤/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١١٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺧﺮﺍﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﻏﺮﻗﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﲟﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٩٨/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٩‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٣‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ (٤٢٢/٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٤٢٥/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪.(١١٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٩٨/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٩‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ (٤٢٢/٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٤٢٣-٤٢٢/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١١٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٧٨‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٤١/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٠٢-١٠١/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺧﲑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻓﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪" :(١٢٨/٥‬ﻭﳚﻌﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﻮﺭ" ﻓﻌﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪(١٣٦/٥‬‬
‫ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﻮﺭ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻏﺴﻠﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ ...‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ‪ ...‬ﻓﻐﺮﻳﺐ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻟﻨﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻏﺮﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٢٩٥‬‬

‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬

‫ﰒ ﻳﻮﺿﺄ ﻭﺿﻮﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ﺟﻮﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪﹸﺃ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٧٦٦‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻏﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎﻣﻠﹸﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﺎ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻳ‪‬ﻐﺴ ﹸﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﻦ ﺭﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻪ‪/٣٩)/‬ﺏ( ﻭ‪‬ﺗﻨ ﱠﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﻼﺓ)‪ ،(٤‬ﰒ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ ﺃﻭ ﲬ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻛ ﱡﻞ ﹶﺃ ﹰﺫﻯ ﻭﻭﺳ ﹴﺦ)‪ (١٠‬ﺑﺒﺪﻧﹺﻪ)‪ (١١‬ﻭﺭﺃﺳ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫ﲨﻪ)‪ (٧‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍ ﹺﺟ‪‬ﺒﻪ)‪ ،(٩)(٨‬ﻭﳝﺎ ﹸ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻇﻔﺎﺭ‪‬ﻩ ﻭﺑﺮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ)‪ (١‬ﺛﻴﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺮ ﻋﻮﺭﺗﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٧٦٧‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﻮﺭ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻏﺴﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٤٢/٢‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٥٧‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪(١٠٢/٢‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٣٥/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻥ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭﲢﺘﻤﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻄﻨﻪ ﺇﻣﺮﺍﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﺑﻠﻴﻐ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٤٢/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٠٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﻮﺿﻮﺋﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٤٢/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٠٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(٥٧‬ﺃﻗﻞ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﺣﺐ‪ ..‬ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻻﻧﻘﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﺨﻤﺴ‪‬ﺎ"‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" (١٠١/٢‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﺴﻠﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﲢﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻓﺔ‪ ..‬ﺯﺍﺩ" ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ‬
‫)ﺹ‪.(٢٠٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻨﻘﻰ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﳏﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻷﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺟﻢ‪ ،‬ﲨﻊ ﺑ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟﻤ‪‬ﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﺷﺎﺟﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺟﺐ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺭﺅﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻇﻬﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻒ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺒﺾ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﺾ ﻛﻔﻪ ﻧﺸﺰﺕ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻔﻌﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ )‪ ،(٤٦/١٢‬ﳐﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪.(٥٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ؛ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﺭﺍﺟﺒﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻠﻲ ﺍﻷﻧﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﺑﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺃﺻﻮﻝ‬ ‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﹺﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﻗﺼﺐ ﺍﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺟﻢ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ )‪ (٤١٣/١‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ‬
‫)‪.(٤٨٧-٤٨٦/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﻭﺳﺦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻴﺪﻳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٤٠/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٧‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (١٢٨/٥‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (١٣٢/٥‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺟﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺟﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﱰﻉ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﳏﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺎﺀ ﻭﻟﻠﻴﺎﺀ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٢٩٦‬‬

‫‪ -٧٦٨‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻔﻀﻲ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺮﺟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺧﺮﻗﺔ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫‪ -٧٦٩‬ﻭﳛﺸﻲ)‪ (٤‬ﻛﻞ ﺛﻘﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﻘﻄﻦ)‪(٥‬؛ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﺮ ﻭﺍﻷﺫﻧﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺨﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻢ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٧٧٠‬ﻭﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﻄﻦ ﻳﻮﺍﺭﻳﻪ)‪ (٧‬ﺇﻥ ﺗﻴﺴﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧٧١‬ﻭﳚﻌﻞ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺳﺠﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻓﻮﺭ ﺇﻥ ﺗﻴﺴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼﺣﺮﺝ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹶﺓ ﺯﻭﺟ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻐﺴ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹶﻞ)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٧٧٢‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﻐ ِ‬
‫ﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻐ‪‬ﺴﻞ)‪(١١‬؛ ﺇﻥ ﺻﺢ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫‪ -٧٧٣‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻏ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻞ ﺍﳌﻴ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﺴﻞ ﰲ ﻗﻤﻴﺺ ﻳﻠﺒﺴﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﻏﺴﻠﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٤٠/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٦‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (١٦١‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ )ﺹ‪ (٢٠٢‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (١٢٤/٥‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (١٢٥/٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤٤٤/٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٣٢/١‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺮﺩ ﻭﻳﻐﺴﻞ ﺑﻼ ﻗﻤﻴﺺ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺮﺍﻩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻗﻮ ﹲﻝ ﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٦٤٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٤١/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٦‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٦١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٢٧/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﳛﺘﺸﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﻄﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٤٣/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٨‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٥١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤٦٤/٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(٣٣٩/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻮﺍﺭﻯ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٤٣/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١١٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٧‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ١١٣/٥‬ﻭ‪.(١١٥‬‬
‫ﻼ ﱂ ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓ ‪‬ﺔ‬
‫ﺖ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﰲ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩ ‪‬ﻩ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺴ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳌ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹺﻞ ﻣﻦ ﹸﻏ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" (٨٣/٢‬ﺇ‪‬ﻧﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻨﻌﲎ ﻣﻦ ﺇﳚﺎﺏ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺜ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﻭﺟﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮ َﺀ‬ ‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺜ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻣﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻨﻌﲏ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﻨﻌﲏ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓ ‪‬ﺔ ﹶﺛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹶﺛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ" ﻭﻭﺿﺢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺖ ﻣﻔﻀﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻟﻴ ‪‬ﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﹺ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﺍﳌﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫)‪" :(١٣٣/٢‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻘﻮ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻬﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺻﺎﱀ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﺃﰊ ﺻﺎﱀ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﻣﻮﱃ ﺯﺍﺋﺪﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﺪﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺻﺎﱀ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻤﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﱵ‬
‫ﺑﺈﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﻣﻮﱃ ﺯﺍﺋﺪﺓ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﱵ ﺑﺄﰊ ﺻﺎﱀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺛﻘﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٢٩٧‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(٥٩٢/٢‬ﻭﺃﺣﺐ ﳌﻦ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﰲ‬
‫ﺠﺴ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﻣﻮﺗﺎﻛﹸﻢ« "‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ »ﻻ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(٢١‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ .. ‬ﻗﻠﺖ ﺑﻪ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٧٣‬ﺳ‪‬ﻨ ﹰﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (١٤٣/٥‬ﻋﺰﺍ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(١٤٤/٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺎﻥ؛ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺻﺢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻡ ﻻ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻮ ﺻﺢ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﲪﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ؛ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﺟﺐ ﺇﻥ ﺻﺢ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﺴﻨﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻏﺴ‪‬ﻞ ﻣﻴ‪‬ﺘﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﻐﺘﺴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﲪﻠﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮﺿ‪‬ﺄ‪،#‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٧٧٧٠ :١٨٧/١٣‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ‪ ،(٣١٦٢) ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ‪ ،(٩٩٣) ،‬ﻭﺣﺴ‪‬ﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ‪ ،(١٤٦٣) ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ (٣٠٢/١‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ )‪.(١١٦١ :٤٣٥/٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ )‪" (٩٤٢-٩٤١/٢‬ﺿﻌﻔﻪ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺴﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ‪ ...‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﻠﻲ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺣﺪﻳﹰﺜﺎ ﺛﺎﺑ‪‬ﺘﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﻣﺮﻓﻮ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﻗﻂ‪،‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺣﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹲ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ‪ :‬ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‪ ...‬ﻓﺮﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ )‪.(٣٥١/٥‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻋﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ )ﺹ‪" (١٤٣-١٤٢‬ﺳﺄﻟﺖ ﳏﻤﺪ‪‬ﺍ –ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪ -‬ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ »ﻣﻦ ﻏﺴﻞ ﻣﻴ‪‬ﺘﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﻐﺘﺴﻞ«‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻬﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺻﺎﱀ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﻣﻮﱃ ﺯﺍﺋﺪﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻻ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺬﺍﻙ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )‪" :(٦٠/١‬ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﺴﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ ﻭﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺎﻭﺭﺩﻱ‪ :‬ﺧﺮﺝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻟﺼﺤﺘﻪ ﻣﺌﺔ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﲏ ﻭﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳛﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺷﺒﻪ ﻭﻗﻔﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﺴﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﺍﳊﺒﲑ )‪" :(٣٧٢-٣٧٠/١‬ﻋﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﳋﱪ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ" ﰒ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺑﻜﺜﺮﺓ ﻃﺮﻗﻪ ﺃﺳﻮﺃ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺴ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﲢﺴﻴﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪ :‬ﻃﺮﻕ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻗﻮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﺣﺘﺞ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻭﱂ‬ ‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﻠﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻗﻒ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻗﺪﻣﻮﺍ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ ...‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺟﺎﺏ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺥ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺟﺰﻡ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﺑﻮ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺪﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ‪-‬ﰒ ﺳﺎﻕ ﺳﻨﺪﻩ‪ -‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪" : ‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻏﺴﻞ ﻣﻴﺘﻜﻢ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻏﺴﻠﺘﻤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﻣﻴﺘﻜﻢ ﳝﻮﺕ ﻃﺎﻫ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻨﺠﺲ‪،‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٢٩٨‬‬

‫‪ -٧٧٤‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺗﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﻦ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ؛ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺃﻭ)‪ (١‬ﲬﺲ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫‪ -٧٧٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺣﺮﺝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ]ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺎﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﳚﻮﺯ ﳍﻢ‬ ‫ﲟﺎ‬ ‫‪ -٧٧٦‬ﻭﻳﻜﻔﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺣﺮﺝ[)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٧٧٧‬ﻭﻳﻜﻔﻦ)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻠﺒﺴﻦ)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻓﺤﺴﺒﻜﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻐﺴﻠﻮﺍ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻜﻢ"‪ ...‬ﻓﺎﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻓ‪‬ﻴﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺪﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺴﻞ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﻷﻳﺪﻱ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺻﺮﺡ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪- :‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪ -‬ﻭﻳﺆﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻨﺪﺏ ﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ )ﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ )‪ (٤٢٤/٥‬ﰲ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺨﺮﻣﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺖ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪$ :‬ﻛﻨﺎ ﻧﻐﺴﻞ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ ﻓﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﱄ ﺃﰊ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‪،‬‬‫ﻣﻦ ﻳﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﻭﻣﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻐﺘﺴﻞ‪#‬؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺷﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﳛﺪﺙ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺨﺰﻭﻣﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻭﻫﻴﺐ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﺖ )ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ(‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﺎ ﲨﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺑﲔ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪$ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﳋﱪ‪ #‬ﻟﺴﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻨﻔﺮ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢٥٣-٢٣٦‬ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﺤﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﺰ )ﺹ‪.(٧٢-٧١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺃﻛﻤﻠﻪ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٤٣/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٨‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٣‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪(١٥١/٥‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (١٥٣/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٥٠‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ )‪" :(١١١/٢‬ﻓﻠﻮ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺇﱃ ﲬﺴﺔ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ‪ ...،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻤﺴﺔ ﻣﻜﺮﻭﻫﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٤٣/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٨‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (١٥٤/٥‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (١٥٥/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٥١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﺒﺴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٥٠‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٣٦/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٥٥/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻠﺒﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢٩٩‬‬

‫‪ -٧٧٨‬ﻭﻳﻜﻔﻦ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﳐﻴﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻴﺎﺏ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ)‪ (١‬ﻟﻠﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻳﺪﺭﺝ ﻓﻴﻪ)‪ (٢‬ﺇﺩﺭﺍ ‪‬ﺟﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧٧٩‬ﻭﳝﺴﺢ ﺑﺜﻮﺏ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ)‪ (٣‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻐﺴﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ)‪ (٤‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧٨٠‬ﻭﻳﻄﺮﺡ ﺍﻟ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﻤﺤ‪‬ﺔ)‪- (٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺤﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻳﺮﺓ‪ -‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛـﻞ ﺛﻮﺏ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﺭﺝ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٧٨١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺇﻻ ﺛﻴﺎﺏ ﳐﻴﻄﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧٨٢‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻨﻂ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﱪ ﺇﻥ ﺗﻄﻮﻉ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪،‬‬
‫‪ -٧٨٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔﻦ ﻭﺍﳊﹶﻨﻮﻁ)‪ (٧‬ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ‪ ..‬ﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﺭﺟﻼﻩ ﰲ‬ ‫‪ -٧٨٤‬ﻭﳛﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﺍﻷﳝﻦ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -٧٨٥‬ﻭﻳﻠﻘﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻳﻜﻔﻦ ﰲ ﺇﺯﺍﺭ ﻭﻟﻔﺎﻓﺘﲔ؛ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺛﻮﺍﺏ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻤﻴﺺ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻤﺎﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٤٣/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٨‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (١٦٣‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (١٥١/٥‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٥٣/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٦٤٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺬﺭﹺﻳﺮ ﹸﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻔﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﹸﻥ –ﻛﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ -‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﻤﺤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻥ –ﺑﺘﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﻭﺿﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺗ‪‬ﻔﺘ‪‬ﺢ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ :-‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٨٣١‬ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٦٢/٧‬‬ ‫ﻃ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٤٤/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٨‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٥١‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٣٩/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(٤٦٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺑﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﳊﺎﺀ ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺣ‪‬ﻨﺎﻁ‪ :‬ﺑﻜﺴﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﳜﻠﻂ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺩﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪.(١٥١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١١٠/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٥١‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٣٨/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(٤٦٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٠‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪. (٤٣٦/٢‬‬
‫‪ ٣٠٠‬‬

‫‪ -٧٨٦‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﳌﻦ ﻳﱰﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﱪ ﻋﺪﺩ)‪ (٢‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺗﺮ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫‪ -٧٨٧‬ﻭﻻ ﲡﺼﺺ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻮﺭ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺒﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺤﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﻼﻩ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫‪ -٧٨٨‬ﻭﻳﱰﻝ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ ﰲ ﻗﱪﻩ‪/‬‬
‫ﻼ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﺳﹰ‬
‫‪] -٧٨٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﻣﻦ ﲪﻞ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ ﻓﻴﺤﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘﻪ ﺍﻷﳝﻦ ﰒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ ﰒ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﰒ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﻭﳛﻤﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺯﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﺩﻓﻨﻬﺎ[)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -٧٩٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﻴﻤﻢ )ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻟﻠﺠﻨﺎﺯﺓ‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺾ ﻭﺿﻮﺀﻩ‪) ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹶﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﺍﳊﻀﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪" (١‬ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺗﻜﻠﻴﻒ ﻓﻌﺴﺎﻩ ﻻ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﻪ ‪‬ﺎ"‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٦٠‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٤٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٦١‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٩‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٥٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٧/٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٥٣/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲡﺼﺺ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳚﺼﺺ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ )ﺃ( ﲢﺘﻤﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﲡﺼﻴﺺ ﺍﻟﻘﱪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ‪" :‬ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻀﻪ ﺑﺎﳉﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺒﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﳘﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﻐﲏ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٦٤/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٨‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٥٨‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٦٤/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٧٩‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪ .‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﱃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺯﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﱪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﺑﺈﺯﺍﺀ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻗﺪﻣﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﱪ ﰒ ﳜﺮﺝ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺶ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻟﻴﺴﻠﻢ ﳌﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﱪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٦١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٥٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٥٢/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٥/٣‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺍﱐ )‪ (١٦٨/٣‬ﻣﻨﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ )‪.(٣٧٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﲪﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺯﺓ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩﻳﻦ ‪-‬ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻀﻌﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘﻴﻪ ﻭﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺧﺮﺗﲔ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻼﻥ‪ ..-‬ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٠٢/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٩‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٥١‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪ (٣٤٠/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٦٦/٢‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻓﻮﺟﻪ ﲪﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٩‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪ (٣٤٠/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٦٦/٢‬‬
 ‫‪٣٠١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﲜﻨﺎﺯﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻛﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﻙ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٢٦/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٧‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺟﺎﺯ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻏﲑﻱ‪» :‬ﻳﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﻟﻠﺠﻨﺎﺯﺓ ﳋﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺕ«‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻟﻔﻮﺕ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﱂ ﳚﺰ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻟﻔﻮﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﻛﺪ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺩﻭﻧﻪ ﺃﺑﻌﺪ"‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (١٥٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤٨٢/٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢١٧/١‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﳋﻼﻑ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻴﻤﻢ ﻟﻠﺠﻨﺎﺯﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﻴﻒ ﻓﻮ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺟﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻳﻦ )‪.(٢٤٥/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٣٠٢‬‬

‫)‪6 4g‬א ‪ (١k gi‬‬

‫‪ -٧٩١‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪

  :(٢) ‬‬

‫





  ]ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪.[١٠٣ :‬‬ ‫
‬ ‫

‬ ‫
‬ ‫

‬

‫‪] -٧٩٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ )ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪$ :  (٣‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺃﻭﺍﻕ ]ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻕ[ ﺻﺪﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﲬﺲ)‪ (٤‬ﹶﺫ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺩ)‪ (٥‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ ﺻﺪﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺃﻭﺳﻖ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮ ﺻﺪﻗﺔ‪.(٦)#‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫‪ -٧٩٣‬ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺳﻘﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌ ﹰ‬
‫ﺳﻘﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻀﺢ‪ :‬ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ‪.(٨)#‬‬
‫‪] -٧٩٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪) [:‬ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ‪ (٩‬ﰲ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺍ‪ :‬ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ)‪.(١٠‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ )‪/٥٠‬ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲬﺴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﺙ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺸ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠ ﹾﻔﻈﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻣﺆ‪‬ﻧﺜ ﹲﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﱠﺬ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﻨﺘﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘﺴ‪‬ﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﹶﻟ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻈﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻟ‪‬ﻨﻌ‪‬ﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺛﲑ )‪ (١٧١/٢‬ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )ﺹ‪]] .(١٧٧‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬
‫)‪[[(٧٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ ‪ ، ‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﲬﺲ‬
‫ﺫﻭﺩ ﺻﺪﻗﺔ‪ ،(١٤٥٩) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‪ ٩٧٩) ،‬ﻭ‪ (٩٨٠‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﻘﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻱ‪ (١٤٨٣) ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪$ : ‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺍ؛ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻚ ﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ﻭﺣﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﻮﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‪ .#‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪:‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٣٠٣‬‬

‫‪ -٧٩٥‬ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﰲ)‪ (١‬ﺳﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺷﺎ ﹰﺓ‪ :‬ﺷﺎ ﹲﺓ«)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺽ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫‪ -٧٩٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻓﺘﺠﺐ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﰲ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ؛ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﳚﻌﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺷﻬ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ)‪ (٦)،(٥‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ﹺ‬
‫ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺣﻮﻝ ]ﻣﺮﺓ[‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﻪ)‪ (٨‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺰﻛﱢﻴﻪ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻢ)‪ (٧‬ﹺﺇﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻧ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ‬ ‫‪ -٧٩٧‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ﱠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺑﻠﻮﻍ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻡ )ﺹ‪ ١٧٤‬ﻁ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﲑﻱ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻤﺔ‪ ،(١٥٧٣) ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺭﻓﻌﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺷﺎﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ )ﺹ‪.(١٩٣‬‬
‫ﺽ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹺﺭﻕ ﺻﺪﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ )ﺹ‪ " :(١٩٢:‬ﻭﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺪﻗﺔ؛ ﺇﻣﺎ ﲞﱪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﱂ ﻳﺒﻠﻐﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻣﺎ ﻗﻴﺎ ‪‬ﺳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺭﻕ ﻧﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻛﺘ‪‬ﻨﺰﻭﻩ ﻭﺃﺟﺎﺯﻭﻩ ﺃﲦﺎ‪‬ﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻌﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻩ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﰲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻢ‪ ،(١٤٥٤) ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪ ‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ‪@ ،‬ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﻓﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ‪‬ﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ )ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪$ (:‬ﻭﰲ ﺻﺪﻗ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻨ ﹺﻢ ﰲ ﺳﺎ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﲔ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺸﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻭﻣﺎﺋ ‪‬ﺔ‪ :‬ﺷﺎ ﹲﺓ‪.#‬‬
‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﺽ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻧﺎﻧﲑ؛ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻋﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺽ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺘﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛ ﱡﻞ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﻓﻬﻮ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺮﻭﺽ‪ :‬ﺍ َﻷﻣﺘﻌ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺧﹸﻠﻬﺎ ﻛﻴ ﹲﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻭﺯ ﹲﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻘﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺮ )ﺹ ‪،(١٥٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٣٩١/١٨‬‬
‫ﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻁ ﺍﳊﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٣/٣‬ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺏ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٥‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ )‪ (٨٨/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ١٦٨‬ﻭ‪(١٧٠‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٨٤/٢‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٨٢/٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٩٤/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪. (٩٦/٣‬‬
‫ﺯﺍﺩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٧‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮﺽ‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺮ )ﺹ ‪.(١٥٨‬‬
‫ﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻘ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺿﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺽ ﻟﻠﻌﺮﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٠٢-١٠١/٣‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٩٨/٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪(٣٩٨/١‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪(١٠٤/٣‬‬
‫‪ ٣٠٤‬‬

‫‪ -٧٩٨‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ﱠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺋﱵ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻣﺎﺋﱵ)‪ (٣‬ﺩﺭﻫﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٧٩٩‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻧﻘﺼﺖ )ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺘﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ‪ (٥‬ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ)‪ ،(٦‬ﹶﻗ ﱠﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻭ ﹶﻛﹸﺜ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ)‪.(٨) (٧‬‬
‫‪ -٨٠٠‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﻳﻦ ﻭ]ﻛﺎﻥ[ ﻟﻪ ﻋ ‪‬ﺮﺽ ﻭﻗﺎﻳ ‪‬ﺔ)‪ ،(٩‬ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻋ ‪‬ﺮﺽ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺨﺮﺝ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺜ ﹶﻞ ﻣﺎﻟ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‪/‬‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ]ﲡﺐ[ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ)‪(١٠‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻧﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺎ ﹸﻝ ﹸﺃ‪‬ﺗﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺲ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺎ ﹺﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺑﻌﻴﹺﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﻮ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١٤‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺿﻪ‪/٤٠)/‬ﺏ( ﲬﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻼ ﺭﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻛﻠﱠﻬﻢ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٠٢/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٧‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ٢٦٣/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٢٦٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٨٩/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪. (٨٥-٨٤/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺋﺘﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٠٠ /٣‬ﻭ‪ (١٠٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٨٩/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٨٥-٨٤/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﱵ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٠٠/٣‬ﻭ‪ (١٠٢‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٦٣/٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٨٩/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٨٤/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺯﺍﺩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻓﺎﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻻ ﳝﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٣٠/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٧٨‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٨٤‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ‬
‫)‪ (٣١٧/٥‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٣١٧/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٧٤‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﲔ ‪ :‬ﳝﻨﻊ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪(٧٨‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣١٧/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٨٠‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺩﻓﻊ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٣٠٥‬‬

‫ﺃﻭﺳﻖ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﻻ ﳛﺴﺐ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ‪ ..‬ﻳﺰﻛﻴﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٨٠١‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺩﻳﻦ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺰﻛﻴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻗﺒﻀﻪ‪ ..‬ﺯﻛﺎﻩ ﺑﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﲔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻗﺎﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻏﺎﺋ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٨٠٢‬ﻭﺃﹸﺣﺐ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻠﻲﺀ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺴﺒﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﳜﺮﺝ ﺯﻛﺎﺗﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ ] -٨٠٣‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﺤﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﻓﺴﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳑﻦ ﻳ‪‬ﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺮ)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻭ ﳑﻦ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺮ‪) ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ()‪ (٦‬ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﳜﺮﺝ ﺯﻛﺎﺗﻪ[‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٨٠٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺟﺎﺭﻳ ﹰﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺩﺍ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ﻟﻠﺴﻜﲎ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻐﱠﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻓﺮ ‪‬ﺳﺎ ﻳﺮﻛﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫) ‪‬ﺣﺠ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭﺍ)‪ (٧‬ﻟﻴﺴﺘﻨﺘﺠﻬﺎ‪ (٨‬ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟ ِﹸﻘ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﺔ ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻠﺔ ﻓﺒﺎﻉ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ]ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻨﲔ[‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪ (٩‬ﺣﱴ ﳛﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻋﻪ)‪.(١٠‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺇﻟﺰﺍﻣﻬﻢ؛ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻻ ﳝﻨﻊ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻭﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﺎﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﻼﻑ؛ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺧﺎﻟﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﻱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺛﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﺃﲪﺪ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻬﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺪﺍﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﺋﻊ )‪ (٦/٢‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺩﻳﺮ )‪ (٤٨٠/١‬ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻬﺪ )‪ (٤٨٤/٢‬ﺍﳌﻐﲏ )‪.(٢٩١/٢‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﺘﺠﺐ ﺗﺰﻛﻴﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٣٢/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪(٥٠٦/٥‬‬ ‫ﺴﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺇﻻ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﺬ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٧٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤١٠/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٣١/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﺗﻴﺴﺮ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٣٢/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٧٨‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٥٠٦/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (١٧٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤١٠/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٣١/٣‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﺐ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٥٠٦/٥‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﺣﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺆﺟ ﹰ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻌﲔ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ‪ :‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﳊ‪‬ﺠﺮ ‪-‬ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺴﺮ‪ :-‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺍﻷﻧﺜﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﲨﻌﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺣﺠ‪‬ﻮﺭ ﻭﺃﺣﺠﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )ﺹ‪.(١٠٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﺣﺠﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﲦﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٢٢/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٦٦/٢‬‬
‫‪ ٣٠٦‬‬

‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬

‫ﻟﻠﻘﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﺫ‬ ‫‪ -٨٠٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻯ ﺑﺸﻲ ٍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫)ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‪ (٤‬ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﻴﺔ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٨٠٦‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻯ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﳑﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻩ)‪ (٦‬ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﻴ ﹶﺔ)‪ (٧‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳊﻮﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﺤﻜﻤﻪ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﻴﺔ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٨٠٧‬ﻭﻻ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﰲ ﻏﻠﺔ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ]ﺇﺟﺎﺭﺓ[ ﻋﺒﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻏﻠﺔ ﲦﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﻌﺖ ﺑﻌﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺮﺽ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺍﺀ)‪ (١٠‬ﺳﻔﻦ‪ ..‬ﺣﱴ ﳛﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﲡﺐ)‪](١١‬ﻟﻪ[‪ (١٢)/‬ﻭﻭﺟﻮﺑﻪ)‪ (١٣‬ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻳﻮﻡ ﻳﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻮﻡ ﻳﻌﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﺀ)‪ ،(١٤‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻛﺮﺍﺀ)‪ (١٥‬ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺏ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺒﺾ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﺀ)‪.(١٧) (١٦‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻏﲑﺭ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺻﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻨﻴﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٢٤/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٧٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٦٦/٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٩٨/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(١٠٢/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ‪ .‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻳﻪ‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﻘﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٢٥/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٧٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٦٧/٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٩٨/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(١٠٢/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺮﺽ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻟ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﺓ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻜﺮﺍ ُﺀ‪ :‬ﺃﺟﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺎﺟﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﶈﻜﻢ ﻭﺍﶈﻴﻂ ﺍﻷﻋﻈﻢ )‪.(١٣٤/٧‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﺍ‪ .‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲡﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٥٠‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ( ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻮﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ -‬ﻭﻗﺒﺾ ﺃﺟﺮ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻞ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻀﻪ؟ ﺃﻡ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻛﻞ‬‫)‪ (١٧‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﹶﺃﺟ‪‬ﺮ ﺩﺍﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ –ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺟﺮﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻀﻰ ﻻ ﻣﺎﻳﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﲔ؟‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ –ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :-‬ﻻ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺮﺝ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮ ﰲ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٧٨‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٣٠٧‬‬

‫‪ -٨٠٨‬ﻭﻻ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮﺍﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮﺍﱐ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺣﻮ ﹰﻻ‬
‫ﲟﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪] -٨٠٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺃﻫ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ )‪ (٢‬ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻮﻥ ﻏﲑ ﺑﻠﺪﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ[)‪.(٣‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺃﹶﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟ ﱢﺬ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻨﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻳﺖ‬ ‫‪] -٨١٠‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻘ ﹾﻄﹺﻨﻴ‪‬ﺔ)‪ (٥‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ)‪.[(٦‬‬
‫‪] -٨١١‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺑﻠﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ[‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٨١٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ]ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ[‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺃﺭﺿﻨﺎ ﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﺈﳕﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺻﺎﳊﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ)‪.(٧‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺐ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ ﻭ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‪– .‬ﻭﻟﻌﻠﻬﻢ ﻳﻘﺼﺪﻭﻥ ﻧﺼﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻳﺰﻛﻲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻀﻪ‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٢٢/٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻻ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﰲ ﻏﻼ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﱴ ﳛﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﻮﻝ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻱ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻬﺎ"‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٧٨‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ‬
‫)‪ (٥٠٨/٥‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٥٠٩/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٧٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤١٢/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٣٤/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(٢٢/٥‬ﻻ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٧٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪(٤٠٨/١‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٢٥/٣‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٨٩/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٥٢٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٤٧/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٩١/٨‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﺮﺭﺕ )ﻣﻦ( ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻘ ﹾﻄﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴﺔ ‪-‬ﺑﻜﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻑ ﻭﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻑ ﻟﻐﺔ‪ :-‬ﺍﺳﻢ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻟﻠﺤﺒﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻄﺒﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺒﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺎﺗ ﹸﺔ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﱪ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﲑ‪ ،‬ﲰﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻘﻄﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻗﻄﻦ ﺇﺫ ﺍﻗﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻼﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺺ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺯ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺧﻦ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ )‪ ،(٣٤٣/١٣‬ﲢﺮﻳﺮ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٠٩‬ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ‬
‫)ﺹ‪.(٤١٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٩١/٥‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ ،(٤٦ :٢٨١/١‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺳﺎﱂ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻨﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻧﺼﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ؛ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﺜﺮ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ ٩٥/٦‬ﻭ‪ ١٠١١٤ :٩٧‬ﻭ‪ ١٠١١٧‬ﻭ‪ ،(١٠١١٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻐﲏ )‪ ٢٢٩/١٣‬ﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻲ( "ﺍﺷﺘﻬﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺻﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪. (٤٩٠/٥‬‬
‫‪ ٣٠٨‬‬

‫‪ -٨١٣‬ﻭﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻟﺴﻴﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ)‪ (١‬ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺪﻩ)‪.(٣)/ (٢‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻗﻮ‪‬ﻡ)‪ (٥‬ﰲ ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻂ)‪ [(٤‬ﺃﻭ ﺟﺎﺭﻳ ﹰﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺿﺎ ﺣﺮ ﹰﺓ ]ﺃﻭ ﺣﻮﺍﺋ ﹶ‬
‫‪ -٨١٤‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺩﺍ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺝ)‪ (٦‬ﺯﻛﺎﺗﻪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٨١٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻏﻠﺔ )ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻴﻌﻬﺎ‪ ..(٨‬ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﳚﺐ)‪ (٩‬ﻟﻪ)‪./(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٨١٦‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﺘﻖ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ]ﻟﻪ[ ﻭ)‪ (١١‬ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﻣﺎ ﹰﻻ)‪ ..(١٢‬ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﻞ )ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺑﻪ‪ (١٣‬ﺣﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻳﻌﺘﻖ)‪.(١٤‬‬
‫‪ -٨١٧‬ﻭﻳﺰﻛﻲ)‪ (١٥‬ﺃﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﺎﻣﻰ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺻﻐﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺍ)‪.(١٦‬‬
‫‪ -٨١٨‬ﻭﻻ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﰲ ﺣﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﺨﺬﻭﻧﻪ ﻟﻠﺒﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻩ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻋﺎﺭﻭﻩ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٧/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٧٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٥٠/٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤٠٨/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٢٥/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٨١‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ‪" :‬ﺣﻮﺍﺋﻄﺎ"‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﳑﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٢٢/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٧٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٦٧/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﻴﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲡﺐ‪ .‬ﺃ‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٢٢/٣‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻋﺮﺿ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪" (١٧٠‬ﻭﺍﻷﺻﺢ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻭﲦﺮﻩ ﻣﺎﻝ ﲡﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺣﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ" ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ (٢٦٩/٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٩٩/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٠٥/٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" (٣٤/٦‬ﺃﺻﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﲔ‪ :‬ﺃﹶﻧﻪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺎ ﹶﻝ ﲡﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺻﺢ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺣﻮﳍﺎ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٦٦/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٦٧‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٦٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٥٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺰﻛﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٦٦/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٦٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٤٩/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪. (١٧٤‬‬
 ‫‪٣٠٩‬‬

‫‪ -٨١٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﲣﺬ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺣﻠ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﺭﻳﺔ )ﺃﻭ ﻟﻠﻜﺮﺍﺀ‪ (٢‬ﻭﻟﺒﺴﻪ)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺗﻪ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٨٢٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﲣﺬ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ)‪ (٥‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻄ ﹶﻘ ﹰﺔ)‪ ،(٦‬ﺃﻭﺣﻠﱠﻰ ﻣﺼﺤ ﹰﻔﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻴ ﹰﻔﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪‬ﺭ ﱠﻛ‪‬ﺒﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺸﺠﺐ)‪ (١١‬ﺃﻭ‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٨٢١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﲣﺬ ﺭﺟﻞ)‪ (٨‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺁﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺫﻫﺐ)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺳﺮﺝ)‪ (١٢‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻛﺐ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﺩ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫‪ -٨٢٢‬ﻭﻻ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﰲ ﻟﺆﻟﺆ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻨﱪ ]ﻭﻻ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ[ ﻭﻻ ﻣﺴﻚ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺣﺪﺛﺖ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻈﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺒﺎﻉ)‪ (١٥‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺑﺜﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﻮﻝ)‪.(١٦‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٠٨/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٦١/٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٩٠/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٨٩/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﺀ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﻟﺒﺴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﲣﺬ ﺣﻠﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺣ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻴﺆﺟﺮﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻴﻌﲑﻩ ﳑﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﻼ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٦١/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٩٠/٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٩١/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍ ‪‬ﳌ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻄﻘﹶﺔ‪ :‬ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺪﺩﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻄﻚ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٤٢٤/٢٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٠٧/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ١٦٧‬ﻭ‪ (١٦٨‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ٣٩٢/١‬ﻭ‪ (٣٩٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(٩٣/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺴﺤﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﺸﺠ‪‬ﺐ‪ :‬ﺧﺸﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺛﻘﺔ ﻳﻔﺮﺝ ﺑﲔ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻤﻬﺎ ﺗﻨﺼﺐ ﻓﻴﻨﺸﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﻴﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺳﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﱪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻟﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍ ‪‬ﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ )‪ (٤٨٤/١‬ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )ﺹ‪.(٢٥٠‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" (٢٦٣-٢٦٢/٢‬ﻭﰲ ﲢﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺠﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻔﺮ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺃﺻﺤﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ ﻭﻧﺺ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻭﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٠٨/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٦٠/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪. (١٦٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺪﺙ‪ .‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺪﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺒﺎﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٠٨/٣‬ﻭ‪ (١٠٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٦٠/٢‬‬
‫‪ ٣١٠‬‬

‫‪ -٨٢٣‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ]ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ[ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻪ ﻭﳜﺮﺝ ﺯﻛﺎﺗﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٨٢٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﺤﱴ ﻳﺒﻴﻌﻪ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺑﺜﻤﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٨٢٥‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺪﻥ ﺫﻫ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻭ ﹺﺭﹰﻗﺎ)‪ ..(١‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻛﺎﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻮﻝ)‪.(٤)(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٨٢٦‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﺎ ﳚﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‪ ..‬ﺯﻛﺎﻩ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪] -٨٢٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺛﻮﺭ)‪ :(٦‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻚ[)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٨٢٨‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺎﺯ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻛﺎﺯ‪ :‬ﺩ ﹾﻓ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫ﻕ )ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺽ‬
‫‪ -٨٢٩‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ)‪ (١‬ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻓﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹺﺭ ﹺ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪ (٢‬ﻭﺍﻵﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ]‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ[ ﻓﻴﺨﺮﺝ ﲬﺴﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻀﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﻮ ﹰﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﻋﻨﻪ –ﺃﻱ‪:‬ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ -‬ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺛﻖ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﷲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ" ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪" (٤٤/٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﺐ ﺣﱴ ﳛﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﻮﻝ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺍﳊﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١١١/٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪" (٤٤/٦‬ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ" ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٤٣/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ (٢٨٢/٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٩٤/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٩٧/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺛﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﱯ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﻴﺘﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺛﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻟﻘﺐ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﰊ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﻭﻛﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ‪ ،‬ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ‬
‫)‪.(٦٤/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ :‬ﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﺨﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪" ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﻭﺍﳋﻠﻒ"‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٤٤/٦‬ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻬﺪ )‪ (٥١٠/٢‬ﻣﻮﺍﻫﺐ ﺍﳉﻠﻴﻞ )‪ (٣٣٤/٢‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(٤٥٦/١‬‬

‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١١٥/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪. (١٦٩‬‬

‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١١٥/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪. (١٦٩‬‬
 ‫‪٣١١‬‬

‫‪ -٨٣٠‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ)‪] (٤‬ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ[‪ :‬ﻭﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺷﻲ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻣﺮﺓ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫‪z‬ز‪k g‬א‪ xfPq‬‬

‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﺓ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫‪ -٨٣١‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﲬﺲ ﺫﻭﺩ)‪ (٦‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ ﺻﺪﻗﺔ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﲬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﲬﺲ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻋﺸ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺷﺎﺗﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١١) (١٠‬‬
‫‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﺷﻴﺎﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺙ ﺷﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺇﱃ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫)‪(١٧‬‬ ‫)‪(١٦‬‬ ‫)‪(١٥‬‬ ‫)‪(١٤‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﳐﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺑﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺎ‬
‫ﲬ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺑﻨﺔ)‪ (١٨‬ﳐﺎﺽ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﺑﻦ ﻟﺒﻮﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ)‪ (١‬ﺇﱃ ﲬﺲ‪/٤١)/‬ﺏ( ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﺳ‪‬ﺘﺎ)‪ (٢‬ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻛﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺎﺯ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ ﻻ ﻏﲑ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪" :‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﺒﲔ ﱄ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻭﺟﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺃﺟﱪﻩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺪ ﻟﻪ ﳋﻤﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻐ‪‬ﺎ ﲦﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻠﻎ"‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١١٨/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٨٦/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪. (١٦٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺩﻭﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٩/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٠‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪. (٣٦٩/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ .‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺒﻠﻎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٨٢‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺮﺭ ﰲ )ﻡ( ﰲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻴﺔ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ )ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺒﻠﻎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺑﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻐﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲬﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻨﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻨﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٣١٢‬‬

‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺍﺑﻨﺔ)‪ (٣‬ﻟﺒﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﲬﺲ)‪ (٤‬ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﺳﺘ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (٥‬ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﻘﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺳﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺟﺬﻋﺔ ﺇﱃ ﲬﺲ)‪ (٧‬ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ)‪ (٨‬ﺳﺘ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﺎ ﻟﺒﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﻘﺘﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﻛﻞ ﲬﺴﲔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺣﻘﺔ‪ (٩)/‬ﻭﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻨﺔ)‪ (١٠‬ﻟﺒﻮﻥ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫)‪(١٣‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﳐﺎﺽ ﻭﻻ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻟﺒﻮﻥ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ‬ ‫ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ ﺑﻨﺖ‬ ‫‪ -٨٣٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﺷﺎﺀ)‪.(١٤‬‬
‫)‪(١٥‬‬
‫ﻓﻮﻗﻪ‪..‬‬ ‫‪ -٨٣٣‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﺪ ]ﻋﻨﺪﻩ[ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﳘﺎ)‪.(١٨‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ)‪ (١٧‬ﺷﺎﺗﲔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻕﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﻭﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺍﳌﺼﺪ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺬﻩ)‪ (١٦‬ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٦٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٦١‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٧٠/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻨﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲬﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲬﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺳﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻐﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲬﺴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٥١‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻨﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٠/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٠‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪(٣٦٩/١‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺃﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺮ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٣٧‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٣٥٢-٣٥٠/٥‬ﻭﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٥٢/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻨﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٦/٣‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٣٦٧/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٥٦/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٣٦٧/٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺃﺻﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﲔ!‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﱵ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺬ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٨/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪. (١٦١‬‬
 ‫‪٣١٣‬‬

‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬

‫ﺏ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺧ َﹶﺬ ﻭﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﺳﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻠﻢ‬ ‫‪ -٨٣٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻭﺟﺒﺖ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ؛ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﳘﺎ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺁﰐ ﲟﺎ ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺗﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫ز‪k g‬א ?‪a‬وא ‪ [7‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻋﻴﺔ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ)‪ :(٧‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٨٣٥‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺻﺪﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺷﺎﺓ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫]ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻞ‪[١٠ :‬‬ ‫‪ u t %s‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﺷﺎﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺷﺎﺗﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎﺋﱵ ﺷﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﺷﺎﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺛﻼﺙ ﺷﻴﺎﻩ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ)‪ ،(٨‬ﰒ ﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ‪ :‬ﺷﺎﺓ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﺛﻼﺛﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺗﺒﻴﻊ ﺟﺬﻉ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫‪ -٨٣٦‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺟﺬﻋﺔ)‪ (١٢‬ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ)‪ (١)/(١٣‬ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺴﻨﺔ ﰒ ﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﺛﻼﺛﲔ‪ :‬ﺗﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ :‬ﻣﺴﻨﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺟﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﱂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺳﻔﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺟﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٩/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٦١‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺷﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺷﺎﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻭﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﺷﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﺒﻠﻮﻏﻬﺎ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺷﺎﺓ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٤/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪.(١٥٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺯﻛﺎﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺒﻠﻎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ (٣٤٠/١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٨/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺒﻠﻎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٣١٤‬‬

‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫ﺸ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻖ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﻨ ﹺﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻨﻢ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٨٣٧‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٨٣٨‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺹ ]ﺷﻲﺀ[ –ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ)‪ (٥‬ﻣﺎ ﳚﺐ)‪ (٦‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ)‪. /(٧‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺭﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺭﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫‪ -٨٣٩‬ﻭﺍﳋﻠﻄﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻨﻢ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺍﳋﻠﻄﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻢ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻻ ﳚﺐ‬ ‫‪ -٨٤٠‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﺣﺼﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻄﺎﺀ ﻣﺎ ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ؛ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻭﳋﻠﻄﺎﺋﻪ ﻣﺎ ﳚﺐ)‪ (١٣‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ)‪ (١٤‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ)‪ (١‬ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺷﺎﺓ ﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ‪ :‬ﺛﻼﺛﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ‪ :‬ﻋﺸﺮﺓ؛ ﻓﺘﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﺎﻉ ﻭﺭﺑﻊ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٨٣‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٣/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٥٢/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٤/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٦٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٥٣/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻀﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﲨﻬﻮﺭ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﻛﺎﻟﻮﻗﺺ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺻﻤﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﳜﺘﺺ ﺑﺄﻭﻗﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺑﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺺ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻀﺘﲔ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﻮﻩ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺏ‪ .‬ﺍ‪.‬ﻫـ‪ .‬ﺑﺘﺼﺮﻑ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٥٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺒﻠﻎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲡﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻳﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻀﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢١/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٥٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ "ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻨﻢ" ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺻﺢ ﺣﺬﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩﻩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻄﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻢ ﻛﺎﳋﻠﻄﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٤/٣‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻈﻬﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٧٢/٢‬ﺍﶈﻠﻲ )‪.(١٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲡﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲡﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲡﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٣١٥‬‬

‫‪ -٨٤١‬ﻭﺍﳋﻠﻄﺎﺀ)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻼﻥ)‪- (٤‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ -‬ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻳﻌﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻏﻨ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﻋﻲ)‪ ،(٤) (٣‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﺼﺎﻝ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺡ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪﹾﻟ ﹺﻮ‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧﻬ‪‬ﻢ ﺧﻠﻄﺎ ُﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺤ ﹺﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮﻋﺎ ُﺀ)‪ (١‬ﻣﻔﺘﺮﻗﺔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﻄﲔ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٣٥/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٣٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٧١-١٧٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﳋﻠﻄﺔ ﻧﻮﻋﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﻭﺃﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺷﻴﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﹰﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻧﺼﻴﺐ ﺃﺣﺪﻫﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ –ﻭﺳﻴﺬﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪.-‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺧﻠﻄﺔ ﺟﻮﺍﺭ ﻭﺃﻭﺻﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻤﻴﺰﺓ ﻣﺘﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﳎﺎﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ –ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻘﺼﺪﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ‪.-‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻛﻮﻥ ﳎﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﻧﺼﺎﺑ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺼﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻧﺼﺎﺑ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﻓﻠﻮ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺯﻳﺪ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨﻠﻄﺎ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺑﺘﺴﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﻛﺎ ﺷﺎﺗﲔ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺗﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺃﺛﺮ ﳋﻠﻄﺘﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻛﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺨﺎ‪‬ﻟﻄﲔ ﳑﻦ ﲡﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ؛ ﻓﻠﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻛﺎﻓﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺃﺛﺮ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻄﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﺍﳋﻠﻄﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﲞﻠﻄﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻭﺭﺓ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩ ﰲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻣﺄﻭﺍﻫﺎ ﻟﻴﻼﹰ‪ -٢ ،‬ﺍﳌﺸﺮﺏ؛ ﲝﻴﺚ ﻻ ﲣﺘﺺ ﻏﻨﻢ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻭﻏﻨﻢ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻏﲑﻩ‪ -٣ ،‬ﺍﳌﺴﺮﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲡﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﰒ ﺗﺴﺎﻕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺮﻋﻰ‪ -٤ ،‬ﺍﳌﺮﻋﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺮﻋﻰ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‪- ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ -٥ ،-‬ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﳜﺘﺺ ﻏﻨﻢ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻉﹴ‪ -٦ ،‬ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻞ‪ -٧ ،‬ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫ﺤﻠﹶﺐ‪ -‬ﻭﻻ ﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻠﺐ ‪-‬ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ، -‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ ﺍﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﻻ ﺇﻧﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﻠﺐ – ﺍ ‪‬ﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳋﻠﻄﺔ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٧٢-١٧٠/٢‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٣٠/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤١١-٤٠٩/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٧١/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳛﻠﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ .(١٧٢/٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺇﻧﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺏ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻻ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ‪ .‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٣٠/٣‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﺏ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻃﻪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٧١/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﺻﺢ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻃﻪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٧١/٢‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﻋﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‬
‫‪ ٣١٦‬‬

‫‪] -٨٤٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﺓ ﻭﺑﻌﺾ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﺼﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻧﻔﺮﺩﻭﺍ ﰲ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺧﻠﻄﺎﺀ[)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٨٤٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﺷﺮﻳﻜﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺷﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻢ ﺧﻠﻄﺎﺀ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺭﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ‪ ..‬ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺷﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٨٤٤‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹺﺭ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٨٤٥‬ﻭﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺷﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺻﻔﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺯﻛﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﺎﺋﻤﺔ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﻋﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺮﻋﻰ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ]ﺃﻛﺜﺮ[ ﻋﻴﺸﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻒ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﻨﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪ :‬ﻓﻼ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺝ)‪ (٨‬ﺯﻛﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٨٤٦‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻤﻊ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻔﺘﺮﻕ)‪ (٩‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﳎﺘﻤﻊ ﺧﺸﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ (١) -٨٤٧‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﻧﻔﺮ‪ :‬ﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻣﺎﺋ ﹸﺔ ﺷﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜ ﱢﻞ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﳚﻤﻊ ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺷﺎﺓ ﻓﻨﻬﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻇﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﻕ ﲨﻌﻮﺍ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺷﻴﺎﻩ؛ ﻟﺌﻼ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻕ‪ (٢)/‬ﺧﺸﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٧١-١٧٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻟﻌﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﺎﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻫﻲ ﺧﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﻮﻉ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٣/٣‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٨٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪(١٧٠/٢‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٤٠٦/٥‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ٤٠٧/٥‬ﻭ‪.(٤٠٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٤/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٣‬ﺍﶈﻠﻲ )‪ (١٤/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٥١/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﺮﺝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٥/٣‬ﺍﶈﻠﻲ )‪.(١٢/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺯﺍﺩ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻫﻨﺎ‪" :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳍﻤﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻷﻥ ﻻ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٣١٧‬‬

‫‪ -٨٤٨‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻼﻥ)‪ (٤‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳍﻤﺎ ﻣﺎﺋﺘﺎ)‪ (٥‬ﺷﺎﺓ ﻭﺷﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻧﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﻄﲔ؛ ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺛﻼﺙ ﺷﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﻇﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﻕ ﻓﺮﻗﻮﺍ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺷﺎﺓ؛ ﻓﻨﻬﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻳ‪‬ﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﳎﺘﻤﻊ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٨٤٩‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ)‪ (٧‬ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﻟﻴﻚ ‪-‬ﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻤﺎ)‪ (٨‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪/٤٢)/‬ﺏ( ﺃﻭ ﻧﺼﺮﺍﻧ‪‬ﻴﺎ)‪ .. -(٩‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻠﻚ)‪ (١٠‬ﻋﺒﺪﻩ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺰ)‪) (١٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺄﻥ ﻭﺍﻹﺑﻞ‪ :(١‬ﺍﳉﺬﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺄﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -٨٥٠‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺆﺧﺬ‪/‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﱠﺜﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻨﻬﻮﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٨٤‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٥/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٧٠/٢‬ﺍﶈﻠﻲ )‪.(١٢/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺋﱵ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٧٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻧﺼﺮﺍﱐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٥٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٥١‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻹﺑﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺄﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٥/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٠‬ﺍﶈﻠﻲ )‪ (٤/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٥٣/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﺬﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺄﻥ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﻤﻠﺖ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪(١٦٠‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺰ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﻤﻠﺖ ﺳﻨﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٠‬ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )ﺹ‪.(٨٠‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﻤﻠﺖ ﲬﺲ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻭﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٣٦٥/٨‬ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )ﺹ‪.(٨٠‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻘﺔﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﺬﻋﺔﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﱂ ﺗﺴﺘﻜﻤﻞ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﺳﻨﲔ؛‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﺰﺉ ﰲ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ‪ :‬ﺑﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﻢ )ﺍﻟﺜﻨﻴﺔ( ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٣١٨‬‬

‫‪ -٨٥١‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ)‪ (١‬ﺻﻐﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ)‪ (٢‬ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ )ﺇﻻ ﺻﻐﲑ‪(٣‬؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺟﺬﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺛﻨﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﺄﺧﺬﻫﺎ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٨٥٢‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑﻰ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﻻ ﺍﳌﺎﺧﺾ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻻ ﺍﻷﻛﻮﻟﺔ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﻻ ﻓﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻢ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﻄﻮﻉ ﺭﺏ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﺃﺧﺬ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺆﺧﺬ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﻣﻬﺎﺕ ﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﰒ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﻣﻬﺎﺕ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬ ‫‪ -٨٥٣‬ﻭﻳﻌﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺨﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻭﻟﺪﺕ‪ ..‬ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺻﻐﲑﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣١-٣٠/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٦٧/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٣‬ﺍﶈﻠﻲ )‪ (١٠/٢‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪ (٢٢٧/٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٥٨/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮﺑ‪‬ﻰ –ﺑﻀﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺀ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪ : -‬ﻫﻲ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﲰﻴﺖ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺮﰊ ﻭﻟﺪﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﳍﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ؟ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﱃ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻳﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻻﺩ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﱃ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ ﻷﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻈﻬﺮﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﺍﳍﻴﺘﻤﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﱪﺓ ﺑﻜﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺣﺪﻳﺜ ﹰﺔ ﻋﺮﻓﹰﺎ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٦٥‬ﲢﺮﻳﺮ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٧‬ﺩﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٣‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٣٩٨/٥‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪(٢٢٧/٣‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٥٩/٣‬ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )ﺹ‪) (٧٩‬ﺭ ﺏ ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺩﻧﺖ ﻭﻻﺩ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٦٥‬ﲢﺮﻳﺮ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٧‬ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )ﺹ‪.(٤٦٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﺓ ﻟﻸﻛﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٦٥‬ﲢﺮﻳﺮ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٧‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٣٩٨/٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪ (٣٧٦/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٥٩/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺪ ﻟﻀﺮﺍ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﲢﺮﻳﺮ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ )ﺹ‪.(١٠٧‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺘﺼﻮﺭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻢ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺫﻛﻮﺭ‪‬ﺍ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٦٥‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٣٥٤/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٦٦/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٦٥‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٧٩‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٥/٣‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٣٩٨/٥‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ٣٦٢/٥‬ﻭ‪ (٤٠٠‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (١٦١‬ﺍﶈﻠﻲ )‪ (١١/٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٧٦/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٥٩/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺨﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٩/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٣٠‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٦٥‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٣٣٨/٥‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٤٠/٥‬‬
 ‫‪٣١٩‬‬

‫ﻕ)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺲ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ﹲﺔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٨٥٤‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺆﺧﺬ)‪ (١‬ﺫﺍﺕ ‪‬ﻋُﻮﺍﺭ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﻓﻀ ﹶﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻛﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﺄﺧﺬﻩ)‪ (٦‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﻫﺮﻣﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺟﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮﻳﻀﺔ‪ ..‬ﺃﺧﺬ‬ ‫‪ -٨٥٥‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﺘﻪ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻋﻮﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﻕ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ)‪ (٩‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻜﱢﻠ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﻐﲑﻫﺎ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫)‪(٢)(١‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﲑ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﺎﺓ‪..‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﺴﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ ﺟﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫‪ -٨٥٦‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ)‪ (١‬ﻟﻪ ﲬﺲ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ؛ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﲑﺍ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﹸﻗﹺﺒ ﹶﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﺸﺎﺓ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺆﺧﺬ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪(٣٥٥/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌُﻮﺍﺭ –ﺑﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﻭﺿﻤﻬﺎ‪ :-‬ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺐ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٨٨/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺲ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" (٣٥٤/٥‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺲ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﳌﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﳊﻖ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ؛ ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﺪ ﻟﻀﺮﺍ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺗﱪﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ ﺟﺎﺯ‪ ...‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻭﻳﻠﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺆﺧﺬ‪ ...‬ﺗﻴﺲ ﻭﻻ ﻫﺮﻣﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﻕ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻛﲔ ﻓﻴﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ‬ﲝﺮﻭﻓﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﺔ ﳎﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻦ؛ ﺃﻋﲏ‪ :‬ﺣﻖ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﺆﺧﺬ ﺇﻻ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ ﻗﺪ ﺭﺿﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٢٨/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪" :(١٧٩‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﺎ ﳚﻮﺯ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺿﺤﻴﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺫﻥ" ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٣٨٨/٥‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ١٦٤/٢‬ﻭ‪ ١٦٥‬ﻭ‪ (١٦٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٧٥/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﻲ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٥٥/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﺄﺧﺬ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٣٥٥/٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻧﺼﻪ ﲝﺮﻭﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺘﺼﻮﺭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺫﻛﻮﺭ‪‬ﺍ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ١٦٤/٢‬ﻭ‪ ١٦٥‬ﻭ‪.(١٦٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳉﺮﺑﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٦/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٦٤‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٣٨٧/٥‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٣٨٨/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪ (٣٧٥/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٥٧/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲬﺴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٣٢٠‬‬

‫‪ -٨٥٧‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ )ﻋﻨﺐ ﻭﲤﺮ‪ (٤‬ﺃﻭ ﺣﺐ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺪﺧﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻳﺄﻛﻠﻮﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ؛ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﻠﻎ‬
‫ﲬﺴﺔ ﺃﻭﺳﻖ ﻓﺼﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٨٥٨‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ)‪ (٦‬ﳑﺎ ﺗﺴﻘﻴﻪ)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ)‪ (٨‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﺴﻘﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻘﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻀﺢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٨٥٩‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺳﻖ‪ :‬ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ﺑﺼﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪.(٢) ‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺴﻮﺍ‪ .‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻻﺳﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻳﺴﻮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﳝﺎﺛﻞ ﻭﻳﻌﺎﺩﻝ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ –ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ‪ -‬ﻭﺃﻧﻜﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ‪ :‬ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻮﺍﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼ ﹺﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﻱ‪ :‬ﻗﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮ‪‬ﺍﺀ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭ»ﻻ ‪‬ﻳﺴ‪‬ﻮﻯ« ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬‫ﺴﻮ‪‬ﻯ!‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮ‪‬ﺍ ُﺀ ‪:‬ﱂ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ @‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻞ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﻛﻼ ﹺﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﻟﹼﺪﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﺡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻴﺢ ﺑﺈﻧﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺣﻜﺎﻫﺎ ‪‬ﺷﺮ‪‬ﺍﺣ‪‬ﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﻴﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻻ ‪‬ﻳﺴ‪‬ﻮﻯ‪ ..‬ﺃﻧﻜﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻫ ‪‬ﲑ ﻭﺻ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﺻﺤﻴﺤ ﹲﺔ ﻓﺼﻴﺤﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻟﻐ ﹸﺔ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯﻳ‪‬ﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﺑﺘ‪‬ﺬﺍﳍﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻠﺨﺼ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻭﺗﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪ ،(٣٣٠-٣٢٩/٣٨‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )ﺹ‪.(٢٤٥‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻜﺮﺭﺕ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻼﻣﺔ ﻟﻐ ﹲﺔ ﳛﺘﺞ ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪..‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٧/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٦١/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲦﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٧٦/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٧٨‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٤٣٧/٥‬ﻭ‪ (٤٧١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ٤٣٩/٥‬ﻭ‪.(٤٧١‬‬
‫ﻓﻼ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﺠﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺒﻮﺏ ﺇﻻ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﺘﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﺪﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﲡﺐ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﰲ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺏ ﻭﻫﻮ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺃﻭﺳﻖ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٣٧-٤٣٦/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺳﻘﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻘﻴﻪ‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٩٦-٩٥/٣‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٤٤٣/٥‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٤٤/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٧٦/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٤٣٩/٥‬ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٣٢١‬‬

‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺧﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﲑ‪/‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪ -٨٦٠‬ﻭﺍﳊﺒﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲡﺐ‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺯ ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺺ ]ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﺱ[ ﻭﺍﳉﻠﺒﺎﻥ)‪ (٤‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻮﺑﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻮﻝ)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺒﻮﺏ‪ ..‬ﺗﺆﺧﺬ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﳛﺼﺪ ﻭﻳﺼﲑ ﺣ‪‬ﺒﺎ)‪.(٩) (٨‬‬
‫‪ -٨٦١‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﺼﺪﻗﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺭﻓﻌﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍ‪ ‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﹶﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺄﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﲦﺎﺭﻩ ]ﺇﻻ[ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺃﻭﺳﻖ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪ -٨٦٢‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﺮﺹ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺎﺋﺤﺔ)‪ ..(١٢‬ﻓﻼ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫‪ -٨٦٣‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺹ‪ /‬ﺃﺧﻄﺄ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳚ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻳﻜﻴﻞ‪ ..‬ﺣﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﺳﻘﻂ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳚﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٨٥‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﳉﻠﻴﺒﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺆﺧﺬ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٩٢/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٧٣‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٩٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ٣٨٣/١‬ﻭ‪ (٣٨٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٧٣/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٦٦/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺑ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺣﻠﻒ‪ ..‬ﺧﻠﹼﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻧﻜﻞ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻭﻻ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺃﳝﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻣﺴﻨﻮﻧﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٢٤‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٨٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪(٣٤٠/٢‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺍﱐ )‪.(٢٣٤/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﳋﺮﺹ‪ :‬ﺣﺰﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﺐ ﲤﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪ .‬ﺩﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪(١٦٥‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺐ‪ ..‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٤٥٩/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٦٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺋﺤﺔ‪ .‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺣﺎﲝﺔ‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٨١/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٦٢/٥‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺪﻕ‪‬؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺯﻛﺎﹲﺓ ﻫﻮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻣﲔ" ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٦٤/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٨٦/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٧٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ " :‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٣٢٢‬‬

‫ﺹ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩﻯ ﺯﻛﺎﺗ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﻼ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺧﺮﺹ)‪ (١‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳋﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٨٦٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺹ ﻓﺈﳕﺎ ﳜﺮﺹ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻹﺯﻫﺎﺀ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺹ ﺍﳋﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٨٦٥‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٨٦٦‬ﻭﻳﻄﻴﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺨﻠﺔ ﻓﻴﻘﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺴ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﰒ ﻳﻘﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﻃ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﰒ ﻳﻘﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﲤ ‪‬ﺮﺍ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺹ)‪ (٥‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﻂ ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺄﻛ ﹸﻞ ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﻭﺃﻫﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻻ ﳜﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﳊﺎﺋ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٨٦٧‬ﻭﻳﺘﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﻟﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٨٦٨‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﳔ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﻃﺐ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳛﺴﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻂ‬
‫ﺤﱡ‬ ‫ﺹ ﲟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻗﻮ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﺎﺩ ﹰﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎ ﹴﱂ ﺑﺎﳋﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺹ ﻛﺎﻟﺮﺑ ﹺﻊ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺒﻞ؛ ﻟﻠﻌﻠ ﹺﻢ ﺑﺒﻄﻼ ‪‬ﻥ ﺩﻋﻮﺍﻩ؛ ﻟﻜﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻂ ﺍﳋﺎﺭ ﹺ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﻏﻠ ﹶ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﳌﻤﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻮ ﺍﻗﺘﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﹸﻗﹺﺒ ﹶﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻧﺪﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﺗ ﹺﻬﻢ ‪-‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ‪-‬؛‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﻏﻠ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻪ ﲟﺤﺘ ‪‬ﻤﻞ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺭﻩ ﻛﻮﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﰲ ﻣﺎﺋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺸ ﹺﺮ‪ ..‬ﹸﻗﹺﺒ ﹶﻞ ﻭﺣﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺪﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻜ ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺇﻥ ﺗﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﺨﺮﻭﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﻴﺪ ﹶﻛ‪‬ﻴﹸﻠﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٦‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﻷﻥ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٢٦١/٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٨٨/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٨٣/٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳜﺮﺹ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٨٦/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٦٥/٥‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﺪﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٨١/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٧٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٤٥٩/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٦٥‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٨١/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٧٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٥٩/٥‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳜﺮﺻﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ؛‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﺇﺩﺧﺎ ﹸﻝ ﲨﻴ ﹺﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺨ ﹺﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨ ﹺ‬
‫ﺐ ﰲ ﺍﳋﺮﺹ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٧٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪.(١٦٥‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ :‬ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﳔﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﳔﻼﺕ ﻳﺄﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٤٦٠/٥‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ (٢٧٥/٣‬ﻭﻋﺰﻳﺎﻩ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‪$ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﺮﺻﺘﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﺨﺬﻭﺍ ﻭﺩﻋﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﺗﺪﻋﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ‪ ..‬ﻓﺪﻋﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻊ‪ ..#‬ﻓﺤﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻭﺗﺒﻌﻪ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ‪ -‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ :‬ﺗﺮﻛﻬﻢ ﻟﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ‪-‬ﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﺮﻭﺹ‪-‬؛ ﻟﻴﻔﺮﻗﻪ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﺃﻗﺎﺭﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺟﲑﺍﻧﻪ ﻟﻄﻤﻌﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺷﺠﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺧﺮﺹ‪ ،‬ﲨﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻹﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﻴﺐ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٨٠/٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ،(٣٨٧/١‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٦٠/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" (٢٥٣/٢‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﻛﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ" ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳋﺮﺹ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ (٣٧٤/١‬ﳛﺮﻡ ﺍﻷﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳋﺮﺹ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٣٢٣‬‬

‫‪ -٨٦٩‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮ ﻛﻠﻪ ]ﺻﻨﻒ[ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﻴﺐ ﺻﻨﻒ)‪.(١‬‬

‫‪ -٨٧٠‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻘ ﹾﻄﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻀﻢ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ،‬ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﺓ)‪.(٣) (٢‬‬
‫‪ -٨٧١‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻤﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﺗﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻱ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻋﺬﻕ ﺑﻦ‬
‫‪ -٨٧٢‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﺣﺒﻴﻖ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻫﻮ)‪ (٧‬ﺃﺭﺩﺃ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﻻ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺸﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻂ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻮﺓ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻬﺎ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫‪ -٨٧٣‬ﻭﻻ ﳜﺮﺹ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺐ)‪ ،(١١‬ﳜﺮﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ )ﺣﲔ()‪ (١٢‬ﻳﻄﻴﺐ‬
‫‪ -٨٧٤‬ﰒ ﳜﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻪ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻴﻀﻢ ﺭﺩﻳﺌﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻴﺪﻩ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٨٤/٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٧٤/٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٨٤/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٩١/٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٨٤/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٧٤/٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٨٤/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﲢﺮﻳﺮ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ )ﺹ‪ (١٧٩‬ﺍﻟﱪﱐ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٧٨/٣‬ﻋﺬﹾﻕ ﺑﻦ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺒﻴ‪‬ﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﺬﻕ ﺑﺮﺣﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺫﻝ‪ .‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺼﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭ ﻭﻋ ﹾﺬﻕ ﺑﻦ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴﻖ‪..‬‬
‫ﳉ ‪‬ﻌﺮﻭﺭ ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒﺮﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟ ﹶﻜﹺﺒﻴﺲ‪ ..‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻮﺩ ﲤﺮﺍﻥ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺩﺋﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺮ )ﺹ ‪.(١٥٠‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٧٨/٣‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﻨﺲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﻠﻜﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﳊﺒﻮﺏ ﻧﻮﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ..‬ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﺴﺮ‬
‫ﺝ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺨ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﳊﺼﺔ‪ ..‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﻛ ﱟﻞ ﻗﺴﻄﹸﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﺴﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺼﺤﻴ ‪‬ﺢ ﺃﻧﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻂ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ (٧٤/٣‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٧٥-٧٤/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٤٧/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٨٧/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٥٩/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪" :‬ﺣﱴ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٩٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٦٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٨٦-٨٥/٣‬‬
‫‪ ٣٢٤‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺑﻘﻲ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺃﻭﺳﻖ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺋﺤ ﹲﺔ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳋﺮ ﹺ‬ ‫‪ -٨٧٥‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮ ﹶﺓ‬
‫ﻓﺼﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓﹸ؛ ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ‬ ‫ﲔ )ﺷﺮﻛﺎ َﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ (٦‬ﺧﻠﻄﺎ ُﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٨٧٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻳﺒﻠ ﹾﻎ ﲨﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﻣﺎ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﻻ ﲬﺴ ﹶﺔ ﺃﻭﺳ ﹴﻖ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٨٧٧‬ﻭﻻ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻛﻬﺔ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺭﻃﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﺎﺑﺴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻮﻝ)‪ (٩‬ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﻗﺼﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﰲ ﺟﻮﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﺗﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ]ﰲ[ ﻟﻮﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ]ﰲ[ ﹺﺟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻮﺯ)‪) ،(١٠‬ﻭﻻ ﺣﺐ ﻛﺘﺎﻥ‪] ،(١١‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻬﺎ[ ﻭﻻ‬
‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺯﻳﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺟﻠﺠﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﹸﺠﻞﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ)‪ (١٢‬ﺯﻳﻮ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﺃﲦﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳊﻮﻝ‪/‬‬
‫)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٨١/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٨٦‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٦٢/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺷﺮﻛﺎﺋﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺧﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٧٧/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٦٧‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺧﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺻﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﲔ –ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪ .-‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٩٠‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪(٤٢٩/٥‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٦٢/٣‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٦٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺯﺍﺩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺟﻮﺯ‪.‬‬
‫ﳉﻠﱠﻮﺯ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪﻕ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )‪.(٩٥‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪) :‬ﻭﻻ ﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﻞ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺿﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻌﻘﻮﻓﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺯﺍﺩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٨٦‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٨٦/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٨٩-٨٨‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (١٩٠‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ (٥٠/٣‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٥١/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪-٢٣١/٢‬‬
‫‪.(٢٣٢‬‬
 ‫‪٣٢٥‬‬

‫‪6 P‬ز‪k g‬א  ‪ (١)L‬‬

‫‪ -٨٧٨‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ‪ :‬ﺻﺎﻉ؛ ﺑﺼﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬؛ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻨﻄﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ)‪(٢‬؛ ﻋﻦ ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ‪‬؛ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻧﺜﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳚﻤﻊ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ ﺑﻴﻮﻣﲔ)‪/٤٣)/(٤‬ﺏ()‪(٥‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺚ ﺑﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٨٧٩‬ﻭﺃﺳﺘﺤﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻌ ﹶ‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪ ..‬ﺑﻌﺚ ﺑﻪ ﺣﲔ ﻳﻄﻠﻊ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٨٨٠‬ﻭﹺﺇ ﹾﻥ ﺃﹶﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﹶﺟﺰﺃ ﻋﻨﻪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٨٨١‬ﻭﳜﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﻱ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٨٨٢‬ﻭﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﳊﻨﻄ ﹶﺔ ﺇﹺﺫﺍ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻳﺄﻛ ﹸﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌ ‪‬ﲑ )ﻭﺍﻟﺬﺭ ﹶﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﺭ ‪‬ﺯ‪ (٩‬ﺇﻥ)‪ (١٠‬ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺄﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺄﻛﻞ ]ﻣﻨﻪ[)‪.(١٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٥٢‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ( ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٧٠/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٦٠/٣‬ﻭ‪ (١٦٧‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٨٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٣٧/٨‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤١٦/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﻄﻠﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" (١٧٦/٣‬ﻭﺃﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻦ ﲡﻤﻊ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ" )‪" (١٧٧/٣‬ﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﺪﻳﻚ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻄﺮﺣﻬﺎ" )‪. (١٨٠/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٧٢/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺯ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٧١/٣‬ﻭ‪.(١٧٤‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﻗﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﺕ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﺘﺨﲑ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺎﺱ‪..‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍ‪‬ﺰﺋﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻭﺟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺃﺻﺤﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﻗﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٣٢٦‬‬

‫‪ -٨٨٣‬ﻭﺍﳊﻨﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮ‪ ..‬ﺃﺣﺐ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺇﱄ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ﺝ ﺯﻛﺎ ﹶﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻄ ﹺﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻀﻤﻦ ﻧﻔﻘﺘﻪ؛ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺎﺩﻡ ﳍﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻋﻦ‬
‫‪ -٨٨٤‬ﻭﳜﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﳑﻠﻮﻛﻴﻪ)‪ (٣‬ﻏﺎﺋﺒﻬﻢ)‪ (٤‬ﻭﺣﺎﺿﺮﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﲔ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٨٨٥‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺁﺑ ﹰﻘﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻢ)‪ (٦‬ﰲ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٨٨٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﻣﺎ ﹲﻝ ﻭﻟﻠ ‪‬ﻮﹾﻟ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺎﺭ ﻣﺎ ﹲﻝ‪ ..‬ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ)‪،(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﺧﺎﺩﻣﻬﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻣﺔ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻌﲔ ﻗﻮﺕ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ "ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮ" ﻭ"ﺍﻷﻡ"؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺃﺩﻯ ﳑﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺘﺎﺗﻪ" ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺄﻭﻟﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﻮﺗﻪ ﻗﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻳﺘﺨﲑ ﺑﲔ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻗﻮﺍﺕ ﻓﻴﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﲑ ﻗﻮﺗﻪ ﻭﻏﲑ ﻗﻮﺕ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻠﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﰲ "ﺍ‪‬ﺮﺩ" ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻭﺭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺎﻭﺭﺩﻱ‪ :‬ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﻗﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٩٥/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٠٣/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪(١٧٣‬‬
‫ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٠٦/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﱪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ؛ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻭﺧﲑ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﱪ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺎﻭﺭﺩﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﱪ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٩٧-٩٦/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺗﺄﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻋﻤﻦ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻗﻴﻘﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٦٧/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳑﻠﻮﻛﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻏﺎﻳﺒﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٦٧/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٧٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٠٣/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻷﻧﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (١٠٨/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪(٢٩٧/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٦٣/٣‬ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٧٢‬ﻭﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤٠٤/١‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﲨﻊ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٦٣/٣‬‬
 ‫‪٣٢٧‬‬

‫‪ -٨٨٧‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﰲ ﺧﺎﺩﻣﻪ ‪-‬ﺃﺟ ‪‬ﲑﺍ)‪ (٢‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺟﲑﺓ‪] -‬ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ[)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ)‪ ،(٦‬ﺍﻟﻐﲏ‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٨٨٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ]ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ[‪ :‬ﻭﺍﳉﺰﻳ ﹸﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟﺎ ﹺﻝ ﺃﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﲔ)‪ ..(٤‬ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﲑ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﺃﺧﺬ)‪ (٧‬ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ)‪ (٨‬ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﻳ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٨٨٩‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٨٩٠‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ]ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ[ ﻋﻦ )ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪  (١١‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻤﻦ)‪،(١٢‬‬
‫ﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺳ ﹺﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺴ ﹺﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﺑﺄﻳﻠﺔ)‪ (١٣‬ﺩﻳﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﻳﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺍ)‪ ،(١٤‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﻭ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﲝﻜﻤ ﹺ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻻ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﺮﺓ ﻣﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻣ ﹰﺔ ﻟﻐﲑﳘﺎ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٧٣/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٩٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺟﲑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٦٨/٣‬ﻭ‪" (١٧٠‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺄﺟﺮ ﻻﺑﻨﻪ ﻣﺮﺿﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ ."...‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤٠٣/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٩٤/٢‬‬
‫ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ‪ ..‬ﺛﻼﺙ‪ :‬ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﺠﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٩٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻠﲔ ﺍﻻﺣﺮﺍﺭ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤١٣/٥‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٦٢٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٥٢٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٤٥/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻗﻠﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٢٥/٥‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٦٢٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣١١/١٠‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٥٢٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(٩٢/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺣﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٤٢٦/٥‬ﻭ‪ ٤٢٧‬ﻭ‪ (٤٧٤-٤٧٣‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٦٢٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٥٢٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٤٦/٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٩٠/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤١٥/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٥٢٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٤٦/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺝ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ‪ ،(٣٠٣٨) ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ ،(٦٢٣‬ﻭﺣﺴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ )‪ ،(٤٨٨٦ :٢٤٤/١١‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ ،(٣٩٨/١‬ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ‬
‫)‪(٤٢٤/٥‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺑﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ :(٤٢٤/٥‬ﺑﺄﻳﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٢٥/٥‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪.(١٩٥/٩‬‬
‫‪ ٣٢٨‬‬

‫‪ -٨٩١‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ)‪ (١‬ﺑﻼﺩﻫﻢ ﺍﻓﺘﺘﺤﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻠﺢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺍﳌﻮﺳﺮ ]ﻛﺬﺍ[ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﲑ ﻛﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﺠﻮﺯ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺧﺬ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٨٩٢‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺴﺎ ِﺀ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﺔ‪ (٤)/‬ﻭﻻ ﺻﺒﻴﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﻫﻢ ﺟﺰﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﺼﱯ‪ ..‬ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺣﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٨٩٣‬ﻭﻻ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻛﺮﻭﻣﻬﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻮﺍﺷﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﺍﲡﺮﻭﺍ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺿﻬﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺆﺧﺬ)‪/(٨‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٨٩٤‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺷﻲﺀ ﰲ ﲡﺎﺭﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﳑﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٨٩٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﲡﺮﻭﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻠ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ..‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺻﺎﳊﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻴﻌﻮﺍ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪ .‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٤١٣/٥‬ﻭ‪ (٤٢٦‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٦٢٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪(٣١٢/١٠‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٥٢٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٤٨/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٢٨/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٥٢٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٤٨/٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺮﻳﺞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ (١٩٥/٩‬ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪.(٤٣ :٢٧٩/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٨٧‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤١٥/٥‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٦٢٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٥٢٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٤٥/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٢/٥‬ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻣﺖ ﰲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻑ )‪.(١٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺆﺧﺬ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٧٤/٥‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٦٢٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٢٠/١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﺩﺩﻫﻢ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺷﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯ‪ ..‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﺎ ﺻﺎﳊﻬﻢ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺷﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٧٤/٥‬ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻩ ﺍﻥ ﻻ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﻟﻜﻢ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺟﺰﻳﺘﻜﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻗﻤﺘﻢ‬
‫ﰲ ﺑﻼﺩﻛﻢ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺘﻢ ﺑﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻏﲑ ﲡﺎﺭ‪ ...‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺘﻢ ﺑﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﺩﻭﺍ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﲡﺎﺭﺍﺗﻜﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﻠﻜﻢ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺎﻡ ﲜﻤﻴﻊ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺷﺌﺘﻢ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯ"‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٩٢/٥‬ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﳊﺠﺎﺯ( ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٧٢-٣٧١‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٦٢٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٢٠/١٠‬‬
 ‫‪٣٢٩‬‬

‫‪ -٨٩٦‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻨﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻨﻄﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ)‪ (٢‬ﻣﻦ)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻟﻴﻜﺜﺮ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ)‪ ٥‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻓﺼﺎﳊﻮﻫﻢ)‪ (٦‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻭﺍ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٨٩٧‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ)‪ (٨‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺼﺖ‪ ..‬ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٨٩٨‬ﻭﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻣﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﺎﳊﻬﻢ)‪ (١٠‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫)‪(١٣‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫‪] -٨٩٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﲡﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﳊﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ ﻳﺆﺧ ﹸﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺻﺎﳊﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻗﺪﻣﻮﺍ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪ ..‬ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺮ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺒﻴﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﲞﻼﻑ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﻣﻦ ﲡﺎﺭﺗﻪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ (٣١٩/١٠‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٤٧/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻈﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٩١/٥‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪.(٦٢٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﳝﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺼﺎﳊﻮﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺼﺎﳊﻮﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﻭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﹸﺮﺷﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻔﺺ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺪﱐ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺸﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺣﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺷﺞ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﻣ‪‬ﻪ ﺃ ‪‬ﻡ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﱄ ﺇﻣﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻳﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﰲ ﰲ ﺭﺟﺐ ﺳﻨﺔ )‪ .(١٠١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺳﲑ ﺃﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ )‪ ،(١١٤/٥‬ﻭ‪‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪.(٢٤٠/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ (٢٠ :٢٥٥/١‬ﻋﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺯﺭﻳﻖ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺘﺐ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺻﺎﳊﻮﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺼﺎﳊﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﺆﺧﺬ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٧٢‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪(٦٢٥‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٢٠/١٠‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٤٧/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺻﺎﱀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٣٣٠‬‬

‫‪ -٩٠٠‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ﱠﹼﻞ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﻢ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٩٠١‬ﻭﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﻋﻮﺯ)‪ (٤‬ﺫﺍﻙ)‪ (٥‬ﻓﻮﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٩٠٢‬ﻭﺇﻳﺜﺎﺭ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ‪] ..‬ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ[‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٩٠٣‬ﻭﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺃﻗﺎﺭﺑﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﳏﺎﻭﻳ ‪‬ﺞ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﳑﻦ)‪ (٧‬ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ)‪ (٨‬ﻧﻔﻘﺘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺆﺛﺮﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻏﲑﻫﻢ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﻮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺳﻰ)‪ (١٠‬ﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺇﺟﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ‪] ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ]ﻛﺎﻥ[)ﺯ( ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶ‬
‫ﻂ‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫‪ -٩٠٤‬ﻭﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺟﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﺎﻭﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺃﻋﻮﺍﻧﻪ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻗﺪﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪ ﹺﺭ ﻋﻨﺎ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﻠﻪ[‪/‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ)‪.(٥) (٤)/(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٧٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣١٩/١٠‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٥٢٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٤٧/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ .(٣١٩/١٠‬ﻭﻫﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﻡ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺔ؟‬
‫
















‬ ‫

‬ ‫

‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪‬ﺟ ﱠﻞ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺰ‪:‬‬
‫





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ª

©

¨
§
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¢‬‬
‫]ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ[‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺼﺮﻓﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٧٧/٣‬ﻭ‪ ١٨١‬ﻭ‪ (٢٠٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٢٩/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٣٧٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٧٧/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ٢١٠/٦‬ﻭ‪.(٢٣٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻮﺍﺷﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﲦﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﺼﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﺟﺒﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٣٧٠‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮ‪ .‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻄﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٥٢‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٣٣١‬‬

‫‪6 P‬ز‪k g‬א  )‪ (٦‬‬

‫‪ -٩٠٥‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﺯﻛﺎ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻄ ﹺﺮ ]ﺻﺎﻉ[ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺮﺟﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٩٠٦‬ﻭﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﳝﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ ﻭﺧﺎﺩﻡ ﳍﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺎﺭ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳍﻢ‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻦ ﺧﺎﺩﻣﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺎ ﻣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺧﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ ﻓﻴﺨﺮﺝ‬
‫ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٩٠٧‬ﻭﳜﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺭﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺻﻐﲑﻫﻢ‪/٤٤)/‬ﺏ( ﻭﻛﺒﲑﻫﻢ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﻧﺜﺎﻫﻢ ﻭ]ﻋﻦ[ ﻣﺪﺑﺮﻳﻪ‬
‫ﺇﻥ)‪ (٩‬ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻛﺎﻓﺮ ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺔ‪‬؛ ﺭﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ ﹸﻏ‪‬ﻴﺐ‪‬؛ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭ ‪‬ﺓ‬ ‫‪ -٩٠٨‬ﻭﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺭﻗﻴﻖ‪‬؛ ﺣﻀﻮ ‪‬ﺭ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻌ‪‬ﺘﻬ‪‬ﻢ)‪ (١٢‬ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺝ‪‬؛ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺣ ‪‬ﻲ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺒﻠ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻮ‪‬ﺗﻪ‪ (١٣)/،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (١٤‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺰﻛ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺰﻛﻲ‬
‫ﲔ ﺇﱃ)‪ (١‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ﹴﻞ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺃﻭﻻ ‪‬ﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺭﻗﻴ ﹺﻖ ﺭﻗﻴ ‪‬ﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺰﻛﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻣﻬﺎ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻨﺎﻳﻪ‪ .‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻏﻨﺎﻩ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺟﺰﺍﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٨٨‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٩١/٣‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (١٦٧/٦‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٦٨/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﰲ )‪/٨٤‬ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺘﺨﺮﺝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺪﺑﺮﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺧﻀﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٢٥/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٧٦/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﺟﻌﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪٨٤‬؟‪/‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ( ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻋﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٣٣٢‬‬

‫‪ -٩٠٩‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ)‪ (٣‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣﹶﻠ ‪‬‬

‫ﻚ ﺃﹶﻭ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻟﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﰲ ﻣ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻜ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻋﻴﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺁﺧ ﹺﺮ ﻳﻮ ﹴﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻬ ﹺﺮ‬
‫ﺖ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺯﻛﺎ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻄ ﹺﺮ)‪.(٥‬‬ ‫ﺖ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﺸﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ]ﻣﻦ[ ﻟﻴﻠ ‪‬ﺔ ﻫﻼ ﹺﻝ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ‪ ..‬ﻭﺟﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺭﻣﻀﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻓﹶﻐﺎﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎ ﹸﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻜ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٩١٠‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻏﺼ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٩١١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻫﺐ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ)‪ (٧‬ﻟﺮﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﰲ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻫﻞ)‪ (٨‬ﻫﻼﻝ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ‪ ..‬ﺃﻭﻗﻔﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺯﻛﺎﺗﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻗﺒﻀﻪ ﺇﻳﺎﻩ‪ ..‬ﺯﻛﺎﻩ ﺍﳌﻮﻫﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻪ ﺇﻳﺎﻩ‪ ..‬ﺯﻛﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻫﺐ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﻫﻼ ﹸﻝ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺰﻛﺎ ﹸﺓ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺎ‪‬ﻟﻪ‪‬؛ ﻳ‪‬ﺒﺪﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﻦ‬ ‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻫ ﱠﻞ‬ ‫‪ -٩١٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻮﺻ‪‬ﺎﻳ‪‬ﺎ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫ﺹ ‪‬ﺎ)‪] (١٣‬ﺃﻫﻞ[ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪﻳﻦ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٩١٣‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﳛﺎ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺗﻜﺮﺭﺕ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﱃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٦٣/٣‬ﻭ‪.(١٦٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻜﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻏﺎﺑﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٦٣/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٧٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤٠٢/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١١٠/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٦٤/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻫﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﻔﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٦٤/٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻓﻄﺮﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻫﺐ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(١٠٤/٦‬ﻟﻮ ﻭﻫﺐ ﻟﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻓﻘﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻫﻞ ﻫﻼﻝ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺾ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳝﻠﻜﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻄﺮﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻑ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺘﺒﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﻄﺮﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﻫﻮﺏ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﻭﺭﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻫﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻓﺤﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٦٨/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨١‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٥٥٣/٢‬ﻭ)‪(١٧٠/٣‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ٢٠٠/٢‬ﻭ‪ (٣٠٦‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ١٠٢/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٢٢٦‬ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (٢٠٩/١‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬
‫)‪ (٣٥٦/١‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣/٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٧/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٣٣٣‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻫﻼ ﹸﻝ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻗﻮﺗﻪ ﻭﻗﻮﺕ ﻋﻴﺎﻟﻪ ﻳﻮﻣﻪ ﻭﻟﻴﻠﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ‬ ‫‪ -٩١٤‬ﻭﹺﺇﺫﹶﺍ ‪‬ﻫ ﱠﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻋﻨﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﺃﺩﺍﻫﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻋﻨﻬﻢ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٩١٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﺃﺩﺍﻫﺎ)‪.(٧)(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٩١٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ‪] (٨)/‬ﻟﻪ[ ﺇﻻ ﻗﻮﺗﻪ ﻭﻗﻮ‪‬ﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٩١٧‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ)‪ (١٠‬ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰒ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳏﺘﺎ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﻭﺿﺎﺕ )ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻉ()‪.(١٢)(١١‬‬
‫‪ -٩١٨‬ﻭﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻱ ﻗﻮﺕ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻏﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻨﻄﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﲑ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﺲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﻴﺐ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫‪ -٩١٩‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻋﻦ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ‪ ..‬ﺃﺩﻯ ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﻋﺎ)‪.(١٤‬‬
‫‪ -٩٢٠‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ )ﺩﻗﻴ ﹰﻘﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺳﻮﻳ ﹰﻘﺎ‪.(٢) (١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٢٢٥/٦‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٥٥٣/٢‬ﻭ)‪ (١٧٠/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ١٠٢/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٢٢٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪٢٠٠/٢‬‬
‫ﻭ‪.(٣٠٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻫﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺩﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٦٦/٣‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٦٣/٦‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٦٥/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻫﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٦٦/٣‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٦٣/٦‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٦٥/٦‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٨٩‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٦٦/٣‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٦٣/٦‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٦٥/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺆﺩﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ :‬ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻉ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪ :‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻄﻮ‪‬ﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٦٦/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٠٥/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٧٤/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٧٤/٣‬‬
‫‪ ٣٣٤‬‬

‫‪ -٩٢١‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫‪ -٩٢٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٤‬ﺃﺩﻯ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺃﻗ ﹰﻄﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺍ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٩٢٣‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﺰﺉ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺻﺎﻉ ﺣﻨﻄﺔ ﻭﻧﺼﻔﻪ‪ /‬ﺷﻌﲑ)‪.(٧)(٦‬‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﺃﺳﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺍﺀ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﻓﻄﺮﻩ‪ ..‬ﻗﺴﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪ -٩٢٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻗﺴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻛﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺏ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﺗﺒﻮﻥ‪ -‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭﻣﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻱ)‪ (١١‬ﺻﻨﻒ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻄﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﳚﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﻘﻪ ]ﻓﻴﻬﺎ[)‪.(١)/(١٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺳﻮﻳﻘﹰﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٧٢/٣‬ﻭ‪ (١٧٤‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٩٤/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٧٤/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٩٤/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٧٤/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٨٢‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﺈﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﻗﻂ؛ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ ] ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ )‪ (١٥٠٦‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪[(٩٨٥‬‬
‫»ﻛﻨﺎ ﳔﺮﺝ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ ﺻﺎﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻌﺎﻡ‪ ...‬ﺃﻭ ﺻﺎﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﻂ« ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻟﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻫﲑ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻓﺮﻕ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﻗﻂ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﻀﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪" :(٢٠٥‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻷﻗﻂ ﺇﻻ ﻟﻠﺒﺪﻭﻱ" ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺎﻭﺭﺩﻱ‪" :‬ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﻀﺮ ﻻ‬
‫ﳚﺰﺋﻬﻢ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ"‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺷﺎﺫ ﻓﺎﺳﺪ ﻣﺮﺩﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٩٢/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﻌﲑ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٧٥/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٩٨/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺴﻤﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٧٥/٣‬ﻭ‪ (١٧٧‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻷﻥ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﻭﺳﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻔﺔ ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪:(٤١٨‬‬
‫"ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﺳﻬﻢ"‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(١٦٥/٦‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻔﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ ﺃﻭ ﻭﻛﻴﻠﻪ‪..‬‬
‫ﺳﻘﻂ ﻧﺼﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﺐ ﺻﺮﻓﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﲔ ﺇﻥ ﻭﺟﺪﻭﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﳚﻮﺯ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺻﻨﻒ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﻪ‪ ..‬ﺿﻤﻦ ﻧﺼﻴﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻻ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ‪-‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ -‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٧٥/٣‬ﻭ‪ (١٧٧‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٦٥/٦‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٣٣٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻓﺄﻱ ﺻﻨﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﱂ ﳚﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﻘﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ" ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪" :‬ﻓﺄﻱ ﺻﻨﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻄﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﳚﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﻘﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ( "ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻮﻑ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻮﻑ‪...‬‬
‫‪ ٣٣٦‬‬

‫‪6 4g‬א ‪ Z‬م‪ (١)L‬‬

‫‪ -٩٢٥‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪$ : ‬ﺻﻮﻣﻮﺍ ﻟﺮﺅﻳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻓﻄﺮﻭﺍ ﻟﺮﺅﻳﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻏﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﺄﻛﻤﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ)‪ (٢‬ﺛﻼﺛﲔ‪.(٣)#‬‬
‫ﺑﺄﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﻳﻦ)‪ ،(٦)(٥‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﻦ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻣﺴﻠﻤﲔ)‪،(٨‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٩٢٦‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼﺎﻡ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻔﻄﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻋﺪﻟﲔ)‪.(٩‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﰲ )‪/٥٣‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ، ‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﳍﻼﻝ ﻓﺼﻮﻣﻮﺍ‪ ،(١٩٠٧) ،...‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺻﻮﻡ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﳍﻼﻝ‪.(١٠٨٠) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﻮﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻭﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٣‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٢٠٩‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ )‪ (٤١٢/٣‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٢٨٣/٦‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٨٥/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٣٤٥/٢‬ﻭﺳﻴﺄﰐ‬
‫ﺺ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻳﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٣٢/٣‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﻄﻮﺭ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﺍﻥ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(١١٨/٨‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺐ‪ ‬ﹺﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻲ ﻟﻮ ﺻﺎﻣﻮﺍ ﺑﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﻻ ﻣﺆﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ؛ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﹶﺃﺩ‪‬ﻭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ‪ ..‬ﺭﺟﻮﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺟﺮﻭﺍ ﺑﻪ‪ ...،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﺭﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺼﺎﻡ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺸﺎﻫﺪﻳﻦ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(٨٣‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺷﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺅﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﺪ ﹲﻝ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ..‬ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻟﻸﺛﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ‪ ...‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻐﻴﺐ ﺇﻻ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﺍﻥ" ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ )ﺹ‪ (٨٦‬ﺃﻥ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﻋﺪﻻﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٤١٢/٣‬ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٢٨٣/٦‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٨٥/٦‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﺎ ﺭﺟﻠﲔ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٢٨٤/٦‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٨٦/٦‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ (٤٠٩/١‬ﻣﻐﲏ‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪] .(٤٢١/١‬ﺯ[‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﺳﻖ ﻭﺍﳌﻐﻔﻞ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻗﻮﳍﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼﻑ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٨٦/٦‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‬‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٣٢/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٣‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢٠٩‬ﻭﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﳌﺎﻭﺭﺩ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪( ٩‬‬
‫)‪ ،(٤١٢/٣‬ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻌﺰﻭ‪‬ﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﲝﺮ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ )‪.(٢٦٩/٤‬‬
 ‫‪٣٣٧‬‬

‫‪ -٩٢٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺷﻬﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻼﻝ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻔﻄﺮﻳﻦ‪ ..‬ﺃﺣﺒﺒﺖ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻟﺰﻣﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻀﻮﺍ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺖ ﳍﻢ ﺍﻹﻣﺴﺎ ‪‬ﻙ )ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ‪ (٢‬ﻭﺟﻪ؛ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻗﺘﺪﺍ ُﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎ ِﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺒﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻭﺣﻔﻈﻬﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫‪ -٩٢٨‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﺣﺒﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﺔﹶ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺴﺘﺠﻴﺰ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺪﺍ ِﺀ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤﺮ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮ ﹺﻡ ﻳﺄﻛﻠﻮ ﹶﻥ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺟﺮﺣﺘﻬﻢ)‪ (٣‬ﻭﺳﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ‪ (٤)/‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﺬﺭﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﺬﺭﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻼﻝ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﻮﺍ ﺻﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﻔﻄﺮﻭﺍ‬ ‫‪ -٩٢٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﺖ‬
‫ﺃﻱ)‪ (٧‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺛﺒﺘﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٩٣٠‬ﻭﻳﺼﻠﻮﻥ ﺻﻼ ﹶﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻝﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻝ‪..‬‬
‫ﱂ ﺗﺼ ﱠﻞ)‪ (١٠‬ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻝ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺪ)‪.(١١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﻹﻣﺴﺎﻙ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺻﻴﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺗﻪ"‪ ،‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٢١٧‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ‬
‫)‪ (٤٢١/٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (٥٥/٤‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٢٧٧/٦‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٧٨/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٧٢/٢‬ﺑﺸﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ )‪ .(٧٣/٢‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(٢٢٣/٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺰﺍ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (٥٥/٤‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺑﻌﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻭﺣﺮﻣﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻐﲑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺣﺮﺣﺘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٩٠‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺛﺒﺘﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻔﻄﺮﻭﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٣٢/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٦‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٢٠٩‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ( ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣١٥/١‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺜﺒﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺼﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺸﺮﻉ ﻗﻀﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﻣﱴ ﺷﺎﺀ؛ ﰲ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﱴ ﺍﺗﻔﻖ‪ ،‬ﻛﺴﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺗﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣١٥/١‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٦‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٣٣٨‬‬

‫‪ -٩٣١‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ)‪ (١‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫‪ -٩٣٢‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻫﻼ ﹶﻝ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻔﻄﺮ؛ ﻓﺈﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺄﰐ)‪.(٥) (٤‬‬
‫‪ -٩٣٣‬ﻭﻻ ﺻﻴﺎﻡ ﳌﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺬﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٩٣٤‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ)‪ (٧‬ﻧﻴﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ‪/٤٥)/‬ﺏ( ﻟﻠﺸﻬﺮ ﻛﻠﻪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻚ ﻧﺎﻓﻠ ﹰﺔ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺻﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻳﻮ ﹺﻡ ﺍﻟﺸ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٩٣٥‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻤﺪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺼﻮﻡ ﺃﻳﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻮﻣﻪ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -٩٣٦‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﺍﻩ ﻟﺮﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٣٢/٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ )‪" :(٢٣٣/٣‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺀ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻉ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻦ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺛﺎﺑﺘ‪‬ﺎ" ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" (٨٦‬ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺪ ﳌﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺘ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﺃﻗﻴﺲ‪."...‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻓﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٣٣/٣‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٨٦‬‬‫)‪ (٢‬ﺻﺮﺡ ﺑﻌﺪﻡ ﺛﺒﻮﺕ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺄﰐ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺭﺅﻳﺘﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٣٤/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٥٠/٢‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٣٥-٢٣٤/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٢٥٩‬ﻭ)‪ (٧١٥/٦‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٠٨/٨‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪(٨٣‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪..(٣٥٠/٢‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲡﺰﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻐﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧١٥/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٥٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﲢﺮﱘ ﺻﻴﺎﻡ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻚ ﺑﻼ ﺳﺒﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺮﺍﻫﺔ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫)‪" :(٢٥١/١٠‬ﻓﺄﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻚ" ﻭﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(٨٤‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﻄﺮ ﻳﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻚ"‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٤٥٢/٦‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٤٥٣/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٨٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ )‪ (٢٥١/١٠‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٤‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٤٥٢/٦‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٤٥٣/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪(١٨٢‬‬
‫ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ (٤١٩/١‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤١٧/٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤٣٣/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٧٧/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٥٦/٣‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٣٩/٨‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٨٤‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٣٣٩‬‬

‫‪ -٩٣٧‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻴﺪﻩ)‪ (١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫‪ -٩٣٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ‪ ..‬ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ ﺃﻭﺳﻊ)‪.(٤) (٣‬‬
‫‪ -٩٣٩‬ﻭﻗﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ‪ ..‬ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻒ)‪ (٧) (٦‬ﰲ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﻳﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ‬
‫‪] -٩٤٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺾ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻓﻼ ‪‬ﺗ ﹸﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺘﺮ)‪ (٨‬ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺧﻮﻑ)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﺘﻬﺎ)‪ (١٠‬ﻓﻴﻨﻜﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻈﻦ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻇﻨﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻈﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺻﱯ ﳑﻴﺰ ﺭﺍﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺑﺎﻥ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﺻﺢ ﺻﻮﻣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻏﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻇﻨﻪ ﻟﻜﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻇﻨﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻈﻦ ﺑﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺻﻮﻣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٥٣/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٧٩‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٩٣/٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤٢٥/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(١٦٢-١٦١/٣‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪" :(٤٥٢/٦‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺻﻮﻡ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻚ ؛ ﳌﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻣﻦ ﺻﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺸﻚ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻋﺼﻰ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ‪ « ‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺻﺎﻡ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺼﺢ‪ ،‬ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫‪» :‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎ ﹰﻻ« ﻭﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺷﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺼﺢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺩﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺸﻚ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ" ﻭﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(٤٥٣/٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺻﻮﻡ ﻳﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼﻑ ﳌﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٣٩/٨‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﺰﻳﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺻﺎﻡ‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻚ"‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺳﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٥٨/٣‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ )‪ (٦٠/١٠‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٢٦٤/٦‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٦٥/٦‬ﺑﺸﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ )‪.(٧٢/٢‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ )‪ (٦٠/١٠‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٢١٨/٤‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢١٩/٤‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﻠﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﺯﺍﺩ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻫﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺘﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺧﻮﻓﹰﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٩‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻭﲢﺖ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫‪ ٣٤٠‬‬

‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﳚﻤﻊ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪ -٩٤١‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻣﺼ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺴﺎﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻔﻄ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓﹺﺈﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺳﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺑﻊ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٩٤٢‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺻﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺳﻔ ﹴﺮ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﻄﺮ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﰲ ﺣﻀ ﹴﺮ ﺻﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﰒ ﺳﺎﻓﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﻄﺮ)‪ ،(٦‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﻓﻄﺮ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ)‪.(٨)(٧‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻣﺴﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٥٥/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٨٥‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ" ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٢١٧‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٢٥٩/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ (٣٧٣/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٥٩/٦‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﳍﺎ ﺇﻣﺴﺎﻙ ﺑﻘﻴﺘﻪ" ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺑﺸﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ )‪.(٧٢/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻔﻄﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻣﺼﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﺑﻠ ‪‬ﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺇﻣﺴﺎﻙ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺇﻥ ﻧﻮﻯ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺧﺺ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻄﺮ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻧﻮﻯ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳛﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺧﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻄﺮ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪] .(٢٦٧/٦‬ﺯ[‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﻹﻣﺴﺎﻙ ﳌﻦ ﻗﺪﻡ ‪‬ﺑﹶﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﻔﻄﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٥٥/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٥‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٢١٧‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ‬
‫)‪ (٢٦٧/٦‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٦٧/٦‬‬
‫ﺺ ﺑﺎﻹﻓﻄﺎﺭﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻉ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺧ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻔ ﹺﺮ ﻭﺷﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪ :‬ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﺸﲑﺍﺯﻱ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﻧﻪ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٣٧٠/٢‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺫﻛﺮﺍﻩ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ‬ﰲ ‪$‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ #‬ﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻄﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺻﺢ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ"‪ .‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪(٥٢/٤‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٢٦٤/٦‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٦٥/٦‬ﺑﺸﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ )‪.(٧٢/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٥٦/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٦-٨٥‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺪﻝ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﺻﺎﻡ ﰲ ﳐﺮﺟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺔ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺣﱴ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻛﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻐﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﺻﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻌﻪ ﰒ ﺃﻓﻄﺮ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺎﻡ ﻣﻌﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﻓﻄﺎﺭ ]ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ[‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﻲ ﺭﺟﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻠ ﹶﻜ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺔ‪ :‬ﺧﻄﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻛﺮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﻤﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﲑﺓ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺻﺎﻡ ﺃﻳﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺳﻔﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﻓﻄﺮ ﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻛﺮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﻤﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻭﺟﻪ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (٥٣/٤‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٦٦/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺪﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ٌﺀ ﺑﲔ ﻋ‪‬ﺴﻔﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻭﹸﻗ ‪‬ﺪﻳ‪‬ﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪" (٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﻭﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻏﲑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ »ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺣﲔ ﺃﻓﻄﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﻧﻮﻯ ﺻﻴﺎﻡ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻘﻴﻢ«" ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٥٦/٣‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٣٤١‬‬

‫ﻼ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٩٤٣‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻔﻄﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺳﻔﺮ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ)‪ (١‬ﻣﻴ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -٩٤٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺻﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻣﺘﻄﻮ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ﰲ ﺣﻀﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻔﺮ ﰒ ﺃﻓﻄﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٩٤٥‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮﺍﻙ ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‪.(٥) (٤)/‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻏﺎﺋﻢ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﻠﻢ)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ)‪،(٧‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٩٤٦‬ﻭﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﳝﺴﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ)‪.(٨‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﺎﻡ ﺃﻳﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﰒ ﺳﺎﻓﺮ‪،(١٩٤٤) ،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ‪.(١١١٣) ،...‬‬
‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﻴﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺢ ﺻﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﰒ ﺳﺎﻓﺮ ﻓﺄﻓﻄﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺄﻳﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٥‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺳﺘﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻣﻴﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪(٢٦٥/٦‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٥٩/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٨-٨٧‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٢١٥‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٤٤٦/٦‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٤٦/٦‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٩١‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ( ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻃﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٥٤/٣‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٧‬ﻫﻮ ﻛﺮﺍﻫﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﻙ ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺎﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ – ﻭﻓﺴﺮﻭﻩ ﲟﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻝ‪ ،-‬ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺳﻨﻨﻪ ])‪ (٩٥/٣‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﻙ ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻢ‪ [(٧٢٥) ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻙ ﺑﺄﺳ‪‬ﺎ ﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺁﺧﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺮﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﻙ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ"‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٣٣٠/١‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺐ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻗﻮﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻘ ﹸﻞ ﻏﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻘ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻐﺮﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻔﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻫﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ‪-‬ﺭﺣﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ‪ .-‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﲢﺮﻳﺮ ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺏ )ﺹ‪(٦٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻌﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٣٨/٣‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٧١٥/٨‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٣‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٣٥٧/٦‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫)‪ (٥١٢/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٣٢٦/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٦٣/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٨١‬ﲢﺮﻳﺮ ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺏ )ﺹ‪(١٠٨‬‬
‫ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ )ﺹ‪.(١٠٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﲢﺮﻳﺮ ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺏ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٨‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٨‬ﺑﺸﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ )‪.(٧٣/٢‬‬
‫‪ ٣٤٢‬‬

‫‪ -٩٤٧‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺻﻴﺎﻡ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺬﺭ‪ ..‬ﳝﺴﻚ ﻭﻳﻘﻀﻴﻪ)‪.(١‬‬

‫‪ -٩٤٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻄﻮ ‪‬ﻋﺎ‪ ..‬ﻣﻀﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻴﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٩٤٩‬ﻭﻟﻠﺼﺎﺋﻢ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺘﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﻛﻪ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ)‪.(٤) (٣‬‬
‫‪ -٩٥٠‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﺭﻋﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻲﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﻃﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫‪ -٩٥١‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺻﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ]ﻣﻦ[ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﻀﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻄﻴﻖ ﻟﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺼﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻄﻌﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻓﺮﻁ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ (٧)/‬ﻣﺴﻜﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻨﻈﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ /‬ﻭﱂ ﳝﻜﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻻ ﺇﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﺘﺼ ﹰ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻣﺴﺎﻙ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺇﻣﺴﺎﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﻯ ﺑﺎﻹﻓﻄﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻧﺬﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺃﺭ ﺧﻼﻓﹰﺎ‬
‫ﰲ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻹﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺃﺭ ﻧﺼ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٢٢٢/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٣٥٩/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٧١/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٨٤‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ‬
‫)ﺹ‪] .(١٠٨‬ﺯ[‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﱂ ﺃﺟﺪ ﺃﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻓﺮ‪‬ﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪] .‬ﺯ[‬
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺻﺎﻡ ﻧﺎﻓﻠ ﹰﺔ ﺑﻨﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻞ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺧﻠﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ –ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺔ‪-‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻉ ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻔﻄﺮﺍﺕ؟ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺻﺤﻬﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪:‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻛﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻔﻄﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻧﻮﻯ‪ ..‬ﺻﺢ ﺻﻮﻣﻪ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﳏﻜﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﺮﻳﺞ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﳐﺮﺟ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٠٧/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﱄ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٤٢/٣‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ )‪ (١٩٢/١٠‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٧-٨٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ١٨١‬ﻭ‪ (١٨٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪ ٤٣١/١‬ﻭ‪.(٤٣٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٤٢/٣‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٧١٤/٨‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٨٠‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪ (٤٢٧/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٦٤/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٥٣‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦١/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٨٤‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٤٥-٤٤٤/٣‬‬
 ‫‪٣٤٣‬‬

‫‪ -٩٥٢‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻭﻃﺊ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻌﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪ :‬ﻋﺘﻖ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﳚﺪ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻊ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﺳﺘﲔ ﻣﺴﻜﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﻜﲔ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٩٥٣‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻄﺮ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪] -٩٥٤‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪:‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ[)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٩٥٥‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻈ ‪‬ﺮ ﻓﺄﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺃﻭ ﳌﺲ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﺃﺣﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺣﺼﻮ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ﰲ ﺻﻴﺎﻣﻪ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٩٥٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (١‬ﺃﻣﺬﻯ ] ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ[ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻭﺫﻯ)‪ ..(٢‬ﻓﻼ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺮﺽ‬
‫ﺻﻴﺎﻣﻪ ﳍﺬﺍ )ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻪ‪.(٤‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﺃﺻﺤﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﻔﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﱂ ﳚﺐ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻭﺟﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ﻗﻮﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻧﻮﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" (٨٤‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻨﻬﺎ" ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ .(١٨٥‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪(٣٦٢/٦‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٢٥٠/٣‬ﻭﳛﺘﻤﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﹶﻛ ﱠﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﺪ ﹰﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﺘﻤﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻞ ﻭﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺣﺐ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻜ ﱢﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﱴ ﻗﺪ‪‬ﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻮﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٥٠-٢٤٩/٣‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٢٠-٦١٩/٨‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷُﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٣٤٠/٨‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٤‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٢١٧‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٣٦١/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٣٦٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ٣٦٣/٦‬ﻭ‪(٣٦٦‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٨٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٥٢/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٤‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٢١٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٨٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﻜﺎﻳ ﹲﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪(٢٥٢/٣‬‬
‫ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ"‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺑﺪﺍﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﺋﻊ )‪ (٩٨/٢‬ﺗﺒﻴﲔ ﺍﳊﻘﺎﺋﻖ )‪ (٣٢٧/١‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺩﻳﺮ‬
‫)‪.(٥٢٧/١‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﺮﺡ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٥٢/٣‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٤‬ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻣﻊ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪-٢١٦‬‬
‫‪ (٢١٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٨٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﱰﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻻ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻔﻄﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٤٦/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٢٥٤‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﹸﻡ )‪ (٤١٧/٨‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ٨٤‬ﻭ‪ (٨٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (١٨١‬ﻛﱰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﲔ )‪ (٥٨/٢‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤٠٩/٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤٣٠/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٧٣/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٢٤٦/٣‬ﻭ‪.(٢٥٤‬‬
‫‪ ٣٤٤‬‬

‫‪] -٩٥٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﻢ ﺗﻐﺘﺴﻞ)‪ (٥‬ﺣﱴ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ‪ ..‬ﺍﻏﺘﺴﻠﺖ‬
‫ﻭﺻﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﺃﺟﺰﺃﻫﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٩٥٨‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻭﻃﺊ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٩٥٩‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻭﻃﺊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٩٦٠‬ﻭﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ)‪ :(٩‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺷﻚ؛ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻃ ﹶﺊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺠ ﹺﺮ ﺃﹶﻡ ﻻ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺠ ﹺﺮ ﺃﹶﻡ ﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻘﻦ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﹺﺈ ‪‬ﻥ)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﺳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻦ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎ ُﺀ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫ﺷﻲ َﺀ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺇﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫‪ -٩٦١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹸﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻄﻨﹺﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻄﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﹾﻟ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻘ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ‪ (١٢)/‬ﻛﺎﳌﺮﻳﺾ)‪.(١٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭﺩﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٠٥/٣‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤٠٩/٣‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺍﱐ )‪] (٤٠٩/٣‬ﺯ[‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺷﺒﻬﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻐﺘﺴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٦٨/٢‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٢٣/٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤٣٥/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ،(١٨٢/٣‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٤٥/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٤٤/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٢٤٥‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ )‪ (١٨٨-١١٨٧/١٠‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٨٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٦٨/٢‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٢٣/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ )‪ (١٨٩/١٠‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٨٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻻ ﺃﺩﺭﻱ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﻤﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺮﺃﻩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺁﻩ ﰲ ﻧﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﳓﻮ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٣٨/٣‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٧١٥/٨‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ٨٣‬ﻭ‪(٨٤‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٦٤/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻉ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٣‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ (٤٢٥/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٧٤/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٩٢‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦١/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٨٣/٢‬‬
 ‫‪٣٤٥‬‬

‫‪ -٩٦٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺗﺮﺿﻊ)‪ (١‬ﻓﺨﺎﻓﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻟﺪﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﻓﻄﺮﺕ ﻭﻗﻀﺖ ﻭﺃﻃﻌﻤﺖ ﻟﻜﻞ)‪ (٢‬ﻳﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻜﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪(٣‬؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻓﻄﺮﺕ ﺑﻌﻠ ‪‬ﺔ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٩٦٣‬ﻭﺃﺣﺐ ﻟﻠﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ]ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻄﺶ[‪ ..‬ﺍﻹﻃﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻜﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ)‪ (٥‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٩٦٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻏﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﺰﻱ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﻪ؛ ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺄﻛﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﺮﺿﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻄﻬﺎ ﺑﺘﺤﺘﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﲨﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﺟﻨﺴﻪ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٨٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﳊﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺿﻊ ﺇﻥ ﺧﺎﻓﺘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﻓﻄﺮﺗﺎ ﻭﻗﻀﺘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻓﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﳌﺮﻳﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻻ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻑ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺧﺎﻓﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻭﻟﺪﻳﻬﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼﻑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺧﺎﻓﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻟﺪﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﻓﻄﺮﺗﺎ ﻭﻗﻀﺘﺎ ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼﻑ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺘﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻊ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٦١/٣‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٤‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻭﺟﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻭﺟﻮ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﺺ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﻣﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻜﻔﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹸﺑﻴﺢ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﻹﻓﻄﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻔﺮ ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺒﺢ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻛﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻛﻞ ﻭﺃﻓﻄﺮ"‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٧٣/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ .(٣٨٣/٢‬ﺭ‪ :‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪.(٤٣/٤‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﻧﺺ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻩ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺮﺭﻩ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﰲ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﺎﻓﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻟﺪﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺗﻔﻄﺮ ﻭﺗﻘﻀﻲ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺴﻜﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺒﺔ ﻻ ﻭﺍﺟﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦١/٣‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪(٨٧‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪].(٢٦٠/٦‬ﺥ[‬
‫ﻱ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٦١/٦‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (٦١/٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺰﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎ ﹺ‬
‫"ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﲨﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﻭﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻭﺣﺮﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ..‬ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻓﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺒﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٣٤٦‬‬

‫‪ -٩٦٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻏﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﻯ ﺻﻴﺎﻣﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻟﻠﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻹﻃﻼﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻔﻴﻖ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﰒ ﺃﻏﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٥‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪ (٣٨٤/٦‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ )‪ ،(٤٤١/٣‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﻝ ﳐﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺼﺢ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﺇﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺇﻏﻤﺎﺅﻩ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺼﺎﺋﻢ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻮﻩ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻭﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻏﻤﺎﺀ ﻻ ﻳﻀﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻓﺎﻕ ﳊﻈﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺎﺭﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻏﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ ﻧﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ –ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺮ‪ :-‬ﺃﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻇﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﳏﻘﻘﻲ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﺃﻓﺎﻕ ﰲ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‪ ..‬ﺻﺢ ﺻﻮﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺃﻭ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٨٥‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻗﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺗﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺍﻹﻓﺎﻗﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻭﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧١٥/٦‬ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٨١‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻭﺟﻪ ‪-‬ﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﺮﻳﺞ‪ :-‬ﺗﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺍﻹﻓﺎﻗﺔ ﰲ ﻃﺮﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻭﺟﻪ ‪-‬ﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﺮﻳﺞ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ :-‬ﺗﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺍﻹﻓﺎﻗﺔ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻟﻨﻘﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ – ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ‪ -‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٣٣٩/٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﰒ ﻣﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻳﻮﻣﻪ ﻓﺬﻫﺐ ﻋﻘﻠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺎﺿﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﺘﻖ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﺎﻓﺮ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﺘﻖ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ؛ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﳛﺪﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﺐ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺸﻲ ٍﺀ ﳛﺪﹸﺛﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﺴﺮﻭﺍ ﺫﻫﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ ﺑﺎﻹﻏﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪(٣٨٣/٦‬‬ ‫ﻂ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻘ ﹸ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﲔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺻﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻓﺄﻏﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺎﺿﺖ‪ ..‬ﺑﻄﻞ ﺻﻮﻣﻬﺎ"‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺃﺟﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪‬ﻑ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﻘﻠﺘﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‪ -‬ﺑﺎﳌﻌﲎ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳ ﹺﻦ؛ ﻓﺘﺄﻭﻝ‬ ‫)‪- (٣٨٤/٦‬ﺣﺎﻛﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻤﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻗﻌﻲ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪ " :‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺼ ﹺ‬
‫ﺾ ﺧﺎﺻ ﹰﺔ ﻻ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﻏﻤﺎ ِﺀ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ »ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ« ﻋﻠﻰ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺑﻄﻼ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻮ ﹺﻡ ﻋﺎﺋ ‪‬ﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻴ ﹺ‬
‫ﻼ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﺑﺎﻹﻏﻤﺎ ِﺀ ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻱ )‪ (٤٤٢/٣‬ﺗﺄﻭﻳ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻭﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﻳﻔﻌ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﺜ ﹶﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﳌﺎﻭﺭﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﻨﻮ ﹸﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻭﻳﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻻ ﳛﺘﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺻﺮﳛ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﺼﻮﺭ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻭﻳﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪) :‬ﺫﻫﺐ ﻋﻘﻠﻪ( ﺧﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﳌﺎ ﻳﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺻﺮﺡ ﺑﺎﻹﻏﻤﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٣٤٧‬‬

‫‪ -٩٦٦‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺟﻦ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺳﻮﺱ ﺃﻭ ﺧﺒﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺘﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺻﺢ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﰲ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﺐ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ ..‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪/٤٦)/‬ﺏ( ﻻ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫‪ -٩٦٧‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﱯ ﳛﺘﻠﻢ ﰲ ]ﻳﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ[ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮﺍﱐ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‬
‫)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٩٦٨‬ﻭﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ )ﺣﺎﺿﺖ()‪ (٧‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﺃﻓﻄﺮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺼﻼﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٩٦٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﺣﺘﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﲨﺎﻉ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٩٧٠‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼﻮﻡ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺮ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻣﲎ‪ :‬ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ)‪ (١٠‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺮ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ٨٥‬ﻭ‪ (٢٨١‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٢١٤‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ )‪ (٤٤٢-٤٤١/٣‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٣٨٤-٣٨٣/٦‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪ (٣٨٥-٣٨٤/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٦٦/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٨٢‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻳﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺻﻮﻣﻪ ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼﻑ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٣٨٥/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪(٣٦٦/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٢٥٥/٦‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٥٥/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٨٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻐﻴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻦ ﺟﻦ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‪ ..‬ﺑﻄﻞ ﺻﻮﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻹﻏﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ .‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٢١٣‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٣٨٤/٦‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٣٨٥/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٦٦/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٢٥٥/٦‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٥٥/٦‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﳍﻤﺎ ﺍﻹﻣﺴﺎﻙ ﰲ ﺑﻘﻴﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪(٢٥٧/٦‬‬
‫ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٥٨/٦‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻭﺣﺮﻣﻠﺔ‪] .‬ﺯ[‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﺣﺎﺽ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٥‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٢١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٦٥/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٨٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪(٤٣٢/١‬‬
‫ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(١٠٠/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ )‪ (١٨٩/١٠‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٨٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٦٢/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٦٦/٢‬‬
‫‪ ٣٤٨‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ‪‬ﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻋﻦ‬ ‫‪ -٩٧١‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ )ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺮﺩ‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻓﻄﺮ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺻﻴﺎﻣﻬﺎ؛ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ ﻭﺍﻷﺿﺤﻰ ﻭﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻖ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺻﻴﺎﻡ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻓﺤﺎﺿﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻬﺮﺕ‬ ‫‪ -٩٧٢‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻞ ﻗﻀﺎ َﺀ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺣﺎﺿﺖ‬
‫ﺻﻠﹶﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻬﺮﻳﻦ)‪ ،(٦) (٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﺃﻓﻄﺮﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻃﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺃﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮﻳﻦ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (١٠‬ﻣﺮﺿﺖ ﺃﻭ)‪ (١١‬ﻣﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ ..‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺃ)‪ (١٢‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳﺼ‪‬ﻞ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﱯ ﺣﱴ ﳛﺘﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺣﱴ ﲢﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫‪ -٩٧٣‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﺐ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻳﺆﻣﺮﺍ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻃﺎﻗﺎﻩ)‪ (١٥‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳊﻠﻢ)‪.(١٦‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٤٤٢-٤٤١/٦‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﲨﺎﻫﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٤٤٠/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٨٨/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪] .(١٨٦‬ﺯ[‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻀﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳊﻴﺾ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺑﻊ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٨٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٠٢/٨‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬ ‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٤٣٩‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٦٥/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﻀﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻹﻓﻄﺎﺭ ﺑﻼ ﻋﺬﺭ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺑﻊ‪ .‬ﺍ ُﻷﻡ )‪ (٧١٣/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ٨٤‬ﻭ‪ (٢٨٠‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٣٩‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(٣٦٥/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻣﻄﻤﻮﺳﺔ ﰲ‪) :‬ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﻓﺎﻟﻔﻄﺮ ﺑﻌﺬﺭ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧١٣/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٨٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ (٣٠٢/٨‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٣٩‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٦٥/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻃﺎﻗﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٨٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٣٦/١‬‬
 ‫‪٣٤٩‬‬

‫‪ -٩٧٤‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻭﻃﺊ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻛﻠﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻀﺎﺅﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﱂ ﻳﻄﺄ‬
‫]ﻓﻴﻪ[ ﺇﻻ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ)‪ (١‬ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪ (٣)/ ..(٢‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻓﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﻍ‪..‬‬ ‫‪ -٩٧٥‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﺣﺘﻘﻦ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻮﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻂ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﻍ ﺟﻮﻑ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٩٧٦‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﺿﺄ ﻓﻤﻀﻤﺾ)‪ (٧‬ﻓﻮﻗﻊ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٩٧٧‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻛﺘﺤﻞ ﻓﻮﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ)‪.(١٠‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٩٣‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٥٠/٣‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٢١٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٧٨/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺴﻌﻂ‪.‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٧١٥/٨‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٥٧/٢‬‬ ‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺘﻤﻀﻤﺾ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻭﻗﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﳌﺎ ُﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻮ‪‬ﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺸ ‪‬ﻖ ﻓﺴﺒ ‪‬ﻖ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻏﻪ‪‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﺳﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻠﺼﻮﻡ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻔﻄﺮ ﲝﺎﻝ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﲤﻀﻤﺾ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﻓﻄﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﻔﻄﺮ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٦‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻔﻄﺮ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﺧﺬﻭﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٢٠٠-١٩٩/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٦٠/٢‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٠٦/٣‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٣٤١/٨‬ﻻ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻴﺪ ]ﻳﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﺻﻮﻣﻪ[ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺟﻮﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﻀﻤﻀﺔ‬‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺯﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻓﻌ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﺴﺒﻘﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﰲ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺑﻼ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﺯﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺗﻌﻤﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻭﺇﺧﺮﺍﺟﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺧﻄﺄ ﰲ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺧﻒ ﻣﻨﻪ"‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(٨٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻘﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳉﻮﻑ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻀﻤﻀﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﺎﻣﺪ ﺫﺍﻛﺮ ﻟﺼﻮﻣﻪ‪..‬‬
‫ﺃﻓﻄﺮ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪" :(٢١٣‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻀﻤﻀﺔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻀﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺻﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ"‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻔﻄﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٥٤/٣‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٣٩/٨‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٦‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ )‪(٤٦٠/٣‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٥٧/٢‬‬
‫‪ ٣٥٠‬‬

‫‪ -٩٧٨‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻄﺲ)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻓﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﻄﺲ)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻭﻧﺰﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻠﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻪ)‪.(٤)(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٩٧٩‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﻞ ﺳﺎﻫ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.(٦)(٥)/،‬‬
‫‪ -٩٨٠‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻈﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻗﺪ ﻏﺮﺑﺖ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻏﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﱂ ﻳﻄﻠﻊ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪] ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ[ )‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٩٨١‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻭﻃﺊ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻈﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﱂ ﻳﻄﻠﻊ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻻ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٩٨٢‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﺮﻗﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ)‪.(١٠) (٩‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻄﺲ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻄﺴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٥٨/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٦٨/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٥٣‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٤٣/٣‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٧١٦-٧١٥/٨‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪.(٣٦٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻘﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﻛﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻘﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﻛﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻭﻃﺊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(٨٦‬ﻭﻣﺘﺘﺎﺑﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(٤٢٣/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪) :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻜﺎﻑ(‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٣٥١‬‬

‫‪Y6 P‬א ‪ Z‬م‪ E١F‬‬

‫‪ -٩٨٣‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺷﻬﺪ ﺭﺟﻼﻥ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﳍﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ]ﻛﺎﻥ[ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻔﻄﺮﻭﺍ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ –ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ -‬ﻫﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٩٨٤‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼﺎﻡ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﻔﺼﺔ)‪.(٥)(٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ )ﺏ( ﰲ )‪/٨٧‬ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻔﻄﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻫﻲ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺼﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺗﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﻮﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﲪﺰﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺻﻔﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺻﻮ‪‬ﺍﻣﺔ ﻗﻮ‪‬ﺍﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﳌﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﲨﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺑﻞ ﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ )‪ ،(١٨١١/٤‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫)‪.(٨٥/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ : ‬ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺻﻴﺎﻡ ﻟﻪ‪.#‬‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪ :‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻠﲔ ﳋﱪ ﺣﻔﺼﺔ ‪ ،(٢٣٣٤) ، ‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪ :‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪ ،(٢٤٥٤) ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺻﻴﺎﻡ ﳌﻦ ﱂ ﻳﻌﺰﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪٧٣٠ ) ،‬‬
‫(‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ‪ ،( ١٧٠٠ ) ،‬ﻭﺃﲪﺪ‬
‫)‪ ،(٢٦٤٥٧ :٥٣/٤٤‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﳝﺔ )‪.(١٩٣٣ :٢١٢/٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﹰﺎ ﻭﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ )‪" :(٧٩١/٢‬ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻮﻉ ﺃﺻﺢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻧﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﻣﺮﻓﻮ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﻮﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺻﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪" :‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﰲ ﺭﻓﻌﻪ ﻭﻭﻗﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‪ ...:‬ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ‬
‫ﺭﻓﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﺃﺻﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﻮ ﺧﻄﺄ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﹰﻓﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺭﻓﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺃﲪﺪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺭﻙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺍﺗﻪ ﺛﻘﺎﺕ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﹰﻓﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﰊ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﳋﱪ ﻗﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ‪ :‬ﻛﻠﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺛﻘﺎﺕ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳊﺒﲑ )‪ ،(٤٠٩-٤٠٧/٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺑﻠﻮﻍ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻡ )‪" :(٥٣٢ :١٩٨‬ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﻭﻗﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﳝﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﺤﺢ ﺭﻓﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٣٠١/٦‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺭﻭﺍﺀ )‪.(٢٥/٤‬‬
‫‪ ٣٥٢‬‬

‫‪ -٩٨٥‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻨﺬﺭ ﻭﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫‪ -٩٨٦‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻉ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٩٨٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٤‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ‪ (٥)/‬ﻓﻜﻔﺮ ﰒ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ..‬ﻛﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻔﺮ؛ ﻓﻠﻜﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻏﲑ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٩٨٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺻﺒﻴﺔ ﱂ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻴﻤﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٩٨٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺭﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٩٩٠‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺗﻰ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺩﺑﺮﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻴﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻠﻮﻁ‪ ..‬ﺃﻓﺴﺪ ﺻﻮﻣﻪ ﻭﻛﻔﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﰒ ﺑﺎﷲ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺗﻰ ﻣﻊ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺭﻃﺐ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺎﺑﺲ ﻓﺨﻠﺺ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻮﻓﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓ ﱠﻄﺮﻩ ﻭﻗﻀﻰ ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮﺣﻪ‬ ‫‪ -٩٩١‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺩﺍﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻭﻯ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺫﺍﻛﺮ ﻟﺼﻮﻣﻪ )ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻹﺩﺧﺎﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺟﻮﻓﻪ‪.(٤) (٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻮﻳﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٥٩/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٨٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻞ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﻴﺘﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﺼﺢ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ؟ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻭﰲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻛﺎﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٨٣‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷُﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺼﺢ ﻧﻴﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻝ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻛﻠﱢﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺣﺮﻣﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻼ ‪‬‬
‫)‪.(٥٠٨/٨‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٣٠٦/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٥٢/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٧٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٨٧‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٥٠/٣‬ﲝﺮﻭﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٢١٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٧٨/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٨٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٥١/٣‬ﲝﺮﻭﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٤‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٢١١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٧٧/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼﻑ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٣٦٩/٦‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪] .(٣٧٠/٦‬ﺯ[‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٥٤/٣‬ﲝﺮﻭﻓﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻗﻠﻴﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٧٧/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺩﺍﻭ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺩﺍﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺩﺍﻭﺍ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٣٥٣‬‬

‫‪(٧‬‬
‫‪) -٩٩٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﺻﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﰒ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﻄﺮ‪ ..(٦‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ‪ ) ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪-‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ -‬ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻲ‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﺻﻴﺎﻡ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﺢ‬ ‫ﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻄ ﹺﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﳌﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻮﻥ‪ ،(٨)/‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻴﻮ ﹴﻡ ﻫﻢ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﻓﻄﺮ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻫﻮ)‪ (١٠‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺻﺎﺋﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٩٩٣‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻘﻴ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻧﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﰒ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﻓ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻔﻄﺮ ﻳﻮﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺩﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﻣﻘﻴ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٩٩٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺽ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹰﺔ‪ ..‬ﺃﻓﻄﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺔ)‪..(١١‬‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﻔﻄﺮ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫‪ -٩٩٥‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻣﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﺎﻓﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻟﺪﻫﺎ‪] ..‬ﺃﻓﻄﺮﺕ[‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻊ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺿﺮ ﺑﻮﻟﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻼ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻔﻄﺮ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ)‪.(١٥‬‬
‫ﺇﺿﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺭﺍ)‪ (١٤‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳏﺘﻤ ﹰ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﺮﺣﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺮﺟﻪ‪ .‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ :(٢٥٤/٣‬ﻗﺮﺣﻪ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٨٦‬ﺟﺮﺣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ‪) :‬ﻡ(‪ .‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٥٥-٢٥٤/٣‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٦‬ﺩﺍﻭﻯ ﺟﺮﺣﻪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٥٧-٣٥٦/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻦ )ﺃ( ﳑﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺎﺳﺦ )ﻡ( ﻗﺪ ﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ )ﺃ( ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ‪) :‬ﻡ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻂ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺮ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٩٤‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﻮﻣﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳏﺘﻤﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪- (٢٦٢/٣‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٨٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤٣٦/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(١٨٥/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﺑﻠﺒﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٤‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦٢/٣‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٨٤‬‬
‫‪ ٣٥٤‬‬

‫ﲔ ﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮ ﹴﻡ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ‬

‫‪ -٩٩٦‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ‪ ..‬ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀُ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻃﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣﺴﻜ ﹴ‬
‫ﺐ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ‪‬ﳘﺎ‪/٤٧)/،‬ﺏ()‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺑﺴﺒ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٩٩٧‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﻠ ‪‬ﺔ ﰲ ﺃﺑﺪﺍﻧﹺﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺽ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻬﻦ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻻ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ)‪.(٥) (٤‬‬
‫ﻑ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٩٩٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻂ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ]ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﻁ[ ﻓﻮﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﻁ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻄﺮﻩ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺟﻮ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٩٩٩‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﺍﺣﺘﻘﻦ ﻓﻮﺻﻠﺖ)‪ (٦‬ﺇﱃ ﺟﻮﻓﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻄﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ]ﺍﻷﺑﺪﺍﻥ[‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻷﺑﺪﺍﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻻ ﺗﻐﺬﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺯﺩﺭﺩ ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﳑﺎ ﺗﻐﺬﻯ‬ ‫‪ -١٠٠٠‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﻳﺄﻛﻠﻪ)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﻭ ﻻ ﻳﺄﻛﻠﻮﻩ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳊﺼﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻮﺯﺓ ﺑﻘﺸﺮﻫﺎ )ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺯﺓ ﺑﻘﺸﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺴﺘﻖ ﺑﻘﺸﺮﻩ ﻭﺃﺷﺒﺎﻫﻪ)‪ ..(١٣‬ﻓﻄﺮﻩ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(١٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٠١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻛﻞ ﺳﺎﻫ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٠٢‬ﻭﻳﻘﻀﻰ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪ (١‬ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﺮﻗﻪ ﻭﻓﺮﻕ ﺻﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻣﻮﳘﹰﺎ ﻭﻣﺸﻜﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺻﺮﺡ ﰲ ﻑ )‪ (٣٧‬ﺑﻌﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻊ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﻔﻬﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﰲ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻓﺎﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺻﺪﻗﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٧٤/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻮﺻﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ ﻳﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻐﺬﻯ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ ﻳﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺄﻛﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺄﻛﻠﻮﻧﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺯ ﺑﻘﺸﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺷﺒﺎﻫﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٧١٥/٨‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٨٠‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٦٥/٣‬‬
 ‫‪٣٥٥‬‬

‫‪ -١٠٠٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻭﻃﺊ ﰲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﻼ ﳑﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﺗﻘﺼﺮ)‪ (٤‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٠٤‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻔﻄﺮ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺳﻔﺮ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻣﻴ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -١٠٠٥‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻧﻮﻯ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﰲ)‪ (٥‬ﺳﻔﺮﻩ‪ ..‬ﺃﰎ)‪.(٦‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א ‪Y?D‬א‪ E٧F `4I‬‬

‫‪ -١٠٠٦‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻋﺘﻜﻒ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﱐ ﻗﺪ ﹸﺃ ﹺﺭﻳ‪‬ﺘﻬﺎ ﰒ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﻜﻒ ﻣﻌﻲ ﻓﻠﻴﻌﺘﻜﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺧﺮ‪/‬‬
‫ﺴﻴ‪‬ﺘﻬﺎ‪.(٩)#‬‬
‫ﹸﺃ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫‪] -١٠٠٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻓ ‪‬ﻤﻦ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎﻑ‪ ..‬ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺘﻜﻒ ]ﻓﻴﻪ[ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻏﺮﻭﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ )ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺘﻜﻒ‪ (١٠‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ)‪(١١‬؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﺘﺒﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٠٨‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎﻑ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ)‪ (١٢‬ﻭﻭﺳﻄﻪ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻩ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻋ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٥٢/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٤‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻻ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﳉﻤﺎﻉ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ" ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٧٨/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺼﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻟﻌﺒﺪﻩ ﺇﻥ ﺑﻌﺘﻚ ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﺣﺮ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺑﺎﻋﻪ ﺑﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺒﻴﻊ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺑﺸﺮﻁ ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ﺣﲔ ﻋﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ ...‬ﺍﱁ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﰲ )‪/٥٤‬ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٩٥‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ )‪ (٢٠٢٧‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎﻑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺧﺮ‪ .‬ﻭ )‪ (٢٠١٨‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ (٢٧٦١‬ﻙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٩‬ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻣﺴﻨﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻜﺎﻑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦٥/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٩٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٨٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻳﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٣٥٦‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻭﺳﻄﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺨﺮﺝ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻏﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫‪ -١٠٠٩‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﻜﻒ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﻜﺎﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﻜﻒ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻨﺼﺮﻑ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ؛ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ)‪.(٣)(٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٠١٠‬ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻜﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ؛ ﳌﺎ ﻳﺮﻭﻯ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ)‪.(٥) (٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٠١١‬ﻭﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺘﻜﻒ‪ /‬ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ )ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﻗﻞ‪.(٧) (٦‬‬
‫‪ -١٠١٢‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺍﻋﺘﻜﺎﻑ ﺃﻳﺎ ﹴﻡ‪ ) ..‬ﻭﱠﻓﻰ ‪‬ﺎ‪(٨‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻧﺬﺭ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ)‪.(١٠) (٩‬‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺃﻓﻄﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎﻑ ﻟﻮ‬ ‫‪ -١٠١٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎﻑ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﳌﺎ ﺟﺎﺯ ﻷﺣﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺘﻜﻒ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺻﻴﺎﻡ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺟﺐ ﺑﻐﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻋﺘﻜﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ)‪ (١‬ﳚﻮﺯ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺻﻴﺎﻡ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﻬﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦٥/٣‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺮﺝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﺇﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺪ ﰲ‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٨٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٩٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٨٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٨٩/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(١٨٧‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦٥/٣‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺘﻜﻒ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﺃﻳﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﻋﺘﻜﺎﻑ‪ ..‬ﻣﱴ ﺷﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺼﺮﻑ" ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٩٠‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦٧/٣‬ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﷲ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﺘﻜﻒ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻗﺪﻭﻡ ﻓﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪﻡ ﻓﻼﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺁﺧﺮﻩ‪ ..‬ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺘﻜﻒ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﺘﻜﺎﻑ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻃﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦٦/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٩٠‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٨٨‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٥٠١/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٣٥٧‬‬

‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﻜﻒ ﰲ‬

‫‪ -١٠١٤‬ﻭﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﻜﻒ ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﳜﺮﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺮﻳﻀﺔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺇﱃ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻛﻞ ﻓﺮﺽ )ﷲ ‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،(٥‬ﰒ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺘﻜﻔﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ)‪(٦‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎﻑ ﻧﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋﺾ ﺃﻭﱃ‪.‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ ]ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ[)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٠١٥‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻜﻒ ﻣﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٠١٦‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻨﺎﺯﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٠١٧‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ)‪ (٩‬ﺇﻻ ﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٠١٨‬ﻭﻻ ﳜﺮﺝ ﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ]ﻻ[)ﺯ( ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ]ﻻ[ ﻳﻜﻔﻴﻪ ﻃﻌﺎﻣﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﳜﺮﺝ ]ﻓﻴﻪ[)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦٧/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٩٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٩٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺗﺼﻠﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦٥/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٩٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٩٨/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﳚﺐ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻞ ﻳﺒﻄﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎﻑ؟‬
‫ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺒﻄﻞ ﻹﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎﻑ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦٥/٣‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ٩٠‬ﻭ‪ (٩١‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪ (٥٤١/٦‬ﻭﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٠٩/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺒﻄﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٥٤١-٥٤٠/٦‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺒﻄﻞ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺒﻄﻞ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ‪ :‬ﻳﺒﻄﻞ ﻷﻧﻪ ﳝﻜﻨﻪ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺮﺍﺯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻌﺘﻜﻒ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﻄﻞ ﺍﻋﺘﻜﺎﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﺩﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺻﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ ﰲ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﻡ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(٥٤١/٦‬ﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ ﺍﻧﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻭﺑﻄﻼﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﻜﺎﻓﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻧﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺟﺐ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺠﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺘﻜﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ ﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻟﻴﺼﻠﻲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﻟﻼﻋﺘﻜﺎﻑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦٥/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٩٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٠٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻳﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦٥/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٩٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٠٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻴﺘ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦٥/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٩٠‬‬
‫‪ ٣٥٨‬‬

‫‪ -١٠١٩‬ﻭﻻ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫‪ -١٠٢٠‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ)‪ (٣‬ﻳﻌﻘﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻜﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻟﻐﲑﻩ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫)‪.(٦‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٢١‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎﻑ ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" (٢٦٥/٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻜﻒ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ"‪ .‬ﻭﳓﻮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٩٠‬ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪" :(٤٠٥/٢‬ﻭﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻟﻸﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ"‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪" (٥٣١/٦‬ﻭﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻀﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ‬
‫ﻟﻸﻛﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺒﻄﻞ ﺍﻋﺘﻜﺎﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺑﻄﻞ ﺍﻋﺘﻜﺎﻓﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﳝﻜﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﻛﻞ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻓﻼ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﻛﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻳﻨﻘﺺ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺀﺓ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ" ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(٥٣١/٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ :‬ﻟﻪ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﱰﻟﻪ ﻟﻸﻛﻞ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻣﻜﻨﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﲨﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﺮﻳﺞ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻟﻸﻛﻞ ﻭﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﺍﳌﺎﻭﺭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲪﻼ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﻞ ﻟﻘﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﳐﺘﺎﺭﺍ ﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻴﻢ ﻟﻸﻛﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻼﻩ ﻛﻌﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺎﻟﻔﻬﻤﺎ ﲨﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻭﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻟﻸﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ؛ ﳌﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺮﺍﻏﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻛﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﺗﻔﻘﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺮﺍﻏﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻪ ﻟﻌﺪﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﻛﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻩ ﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺑﻼ ﻋﺬﺭ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻨﺎﻑ ﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎﻑ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٠٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺄﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦٧/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٩١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٩٢/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻁ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎﻑ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦٥/٣‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٩٠‬ﻭﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ (٤٠٢/٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ..." :(٥٦٦/٦‬ﺻﺢ ﺷﺮﻃﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻭﺍﳊﻨﺎﻃﻲ ﻓﺤﻜﻴﺎ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺷﺎﺫﹰﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺷﺮﻃﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﳐﺎﻟﻒ ﳌﻘﺘﻀﺎﻩ ﻓﺒﻄﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﺎﻉ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺒﻄﻞ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﻔﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺎﺑﻌﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﲔ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻟﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻓﻜﺄﻧﻪ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎﻑ ﰲ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﻔﺎﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺮﺍﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺬﻭﺫ! ﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻫﻮ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﻻ‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺇﻥ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺃﻥ ‪$‬ﻻ‪ #‬ﺯﺍﺋﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﰲ ﻫﺎﻣﺶ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪» :‬ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪) :‬ﻭﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎﻑ ﺑﺸﺮﻁ( ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫)‪ (٦‬ﹸﻛ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ( ﺍ‪.‬ﻫـ«‪.‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٣٥٩‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -١٠٢٢‬ﻭﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻜﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﻳﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﻭﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪/‬‬
‫ﻭﳚﻠﺲ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ]ﻛﻠﻪ[ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﻜﺎﻓﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٢٣‬ﻭﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺘﻜﻒ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪] -١٠٢٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﳜﻴﻂ)‪ (٤‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ[)‪.(٥‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺽ‪،‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳋﺮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻧﻔ ‪‬ﲑ‪ ..‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻋﺘﻜﻒ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿ ﹺﻊ ﺭﺑﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -١٠٢٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻧﺎﻓﻠ ﹲﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﲑ‪ ..‬ﺭﺟﻊ ﻓﺄﰎ ﺍﻋﺘﻜﺎﻓﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﲑ)‪ ..(٨‬ﱂ ﳜﺮﺝ؛ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٢٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺎﺿﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻋﺘﻜﺎﻓﻬﺎ ]ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮﺿﺖ[ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻋﺘﻜﺎﻓﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﺬﺭ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻋﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻌﺘﻜﻔﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﺪ)‪/٤٨)/(٩‬ﺏ( ﺑﺄﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺘﺪ)‪ (١٠‬ﺑﺄﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻤﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﺬﺭﺍﻩ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻧﺬﺭ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ)‪ (١٢‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻧﺬﺭﺍ ﻫﺬﻩ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻒ‪» :‬ﺃﻗﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺑﻞ ﺣﺬﻑ )ﻻ( ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﳌﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻂ ‪‬ﻣﺨ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﱟ‬
‫ﺯﺍﺩ ﰲ ﻫﺎﻣﺶ )ﻡ( ﹺﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮ‪ .‬ﺍ‪.‬ﻫـ«‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٩٦‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦٥/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٩٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٥٠٥/٦‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ )‪ (٥٣٤/٦‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎﻑ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺭﺓ‪" :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﳏﻤﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺭﺣﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦٥/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٩٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻧﻔﲑ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ ٥٩٠/٣‬ﻭ‪(٥٩٢‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٤٠٨/٢‬ﻭ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٤٠٩/٢‬ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٣٦٠‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺻﺤ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻃﻬﺮﺕ)‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪ ..‬ﺭﺟﻌﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٣‬ﱂ ﻳﺒﻖ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪) ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.(٦)/(٥) (٤‬‬
‫ﻼ ]ﻛﺎﻥ[ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻭﻃﺌﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﰲ‬
‫‪ -١٠٢٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻭﻃﺊ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻋﺘﻜﺎﻓﻪ ﻟﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻋﺘﻜﺎﻓﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ )ﺃﺗﻴﺎ ﲟﺎ‪ (٧‬ﻳﻨﻘﺾ ﺍﻋﺘﻜﺎﻓﻬﻤﺎ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ؛ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻳﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ)‪ (٩‬ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ)‪(١٠‬؛ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪ ﹶﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ)‪ (١١‬ﻧﺬﺭﺍﻫﺎ ]ﻭﺃﻭﺟﺒﺎﻫﺎ[ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻤﺎ)‪.(١٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻄﻬﺮﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪..‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ‪" :‬ﻗﻀﺎﻩ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﺑﺪ ﹰﻻ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ"‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﹺﻥ ﻓﹶﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﹶﻟ ﹺﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻗﻀ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٥٨٣/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٥١٦/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٠٢/٢‬‬

‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٥٤‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬

‫‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ( ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳛﺘﻤﻞ‬ ‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺳﻴﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﻘﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪) :‬ﺃﺗﻴﺎ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﻘﺾ(‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻨﺎﻩ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻄﻼﻥ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎﻑ ﺑﺎﳉﻤﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺫﺍﻛﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﻟﻼﻋﺘﻜﺎﻑ ﻋﺎﳌﹰﺎ ﺑﺘﺤﺮﳝﻪ‪ ..‬ﺑﻄﻞ ﺍﻋﺘﻜﺎﻓﻪ‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(٥٥٤/٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺟﺎﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺈﲨﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻁﺀ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﲟﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﻼﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺑﺸﻬﻮﺓ ﺗﺒﻄﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎﻑ ﺇﻥ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٥٥٥-٥٥٤/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٨٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٩٢/٢‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﳊﺪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺗﻔﺴﺪﻩ ﻗﺒﻠ ﹲﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﹲﺓ ﻭﻻ ﻧﻈﺮﺓﹲ؛‬ ‫ﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻁ ِﺀ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﺟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(٢٦٦/٣‬ﻭﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺰ ﹶﻝ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﱰﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ؛ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﻏﲑﻩ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٩٠‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻔﺴﺪ ﺍﻋﺘﻜﺎﻓﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﺑﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎﻓﻪ ﻭﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺅﻩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٥٦٥/٦‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٥٦٥/٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤٥٢/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ .(٢١٩/٣‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦٥/٣‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻓﻄﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻜﻒ ﺃﻭ ﻭﻃﺊ ﺍﺳﺘﺄﻧﻒ ﺍﻋﺘﻜﺎﻓﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﻜﺎﻓﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﺟﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﻡ"‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٣٦١‬‬

‫‪ -١٠٢٨‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﺒﺘﺪﺋﺎﻥ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١٠٢٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻛﺮﻩ )ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﺑﺎﻉ ﻣﻌﺘﻜﻒ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻏﲑﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ ..‬ﻛﺮﻫﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳍﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ)‪.(٤) (٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٩٣/٢‬ﻭﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪) :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﺰ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٣٦٢‬‬

‫‪6 4gF‬א ?` ‘‪ E١‬‬

‫א  ‪ 3‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٣٠‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻼﻥ )ﳘﺎ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺝ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﻫ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺍﻵﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺰ ‪‬ﻭﺟ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻵﺧ ‪‬ﺮ‪ (٣)/‬ﻭﻟ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺎﻥ‪ (٢‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﻐﺎ ‪‬ﺭ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫]ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ[ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﻸُﺧﺮﻯ)‪ ..(٦‬ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬
‫‪ -١٠٣١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﲰﻰ ﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ‪‬ﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺻ‪‬ﺪﺍﹰﻗﺎ ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﺡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺎ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻬ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٣٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﹰﺓ ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻭﻃﺌﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﳍﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺔ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻌﺔ؛ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ :‬ﺧﺎﺩﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻭﺳﻄﻪ‪ (١٠):‬ﺛﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﻠﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻗﻞ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﳑﺎ ﻟﻪ ﲦﻦ)‪.(١١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻐﺎﺭ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﰲ )‪/٩٤‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﻭﻟﻴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٩٧‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٩٨/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٣٧٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٩٨/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٤٣/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ١٥٣/٦‬ﻭ‪ (١٩٩‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥٠‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٩٨‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٢٠/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ١٥٣/٦‬ﻭ‪ (١٨١‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥٠‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٤٦٣‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٣٣٠/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪(٣٢١/٧‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ٣٩٩‬ﻭ‪ (٤٠١‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ٢٣١/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٢٤١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ٣٥١/٦‬ﻭ‪.(٣٦٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﺳ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺪﻓﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﳌﻔﺎﺭﻗﺘﻪ ﺇﻳﺎﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻭﺳﻄﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪)" :(٢٤٢/٣‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺗﻨﻘﺺ( ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺔ )ﻋﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺩﺭﳘﹰﺎ( ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺩﱏ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﺧﺎﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﺳﻄﻪ ﺛﻮﺏ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻷﺩﱏ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺑﻴﲏ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٣٦٣‬‬

‫‪ -١٠٣٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﻭﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﳌﲑﺍﺙ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ‬
‫ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﺮﻭﻉ)‪.(٣)(٢‬‬
‫ﺽ ﳍﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻓﺮﺽ ﺃﻭ‬
‫‪ -١٠٣٤‬ﹶﻓﹺﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺳﹶﺄﻟﹶﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹸﺓ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﻧﹺﻜﺎﺣ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ)‪(٤‬؛ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﺃﻭ ﱂ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﻖ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻜ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ‪ /،‬ﺃﻭ ﻛﺒﲑ ﹰﺓ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭﺟ‪‬ﺖ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺇﺫ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺻ‪‬ﺪﺍ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔﺮﹺﺽ‪ ،‬ﹶﻃﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻄﻠﱢﻖ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٣٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻜ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻓ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻭﺟ‪‬ﺖ ﺑﺈﺫ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺛﻴ‪‬ﺒﺎ)‪(١‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﺮﺽ ﳍﺎ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻭﱂ)‪ (٢‬ﺗﺮﺽ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪ (٣)/‬ﺭﺿﻴﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺣﱴ ﻳ‪‬ﻌﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ ﰒ ﺗﺮﺿﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪،‬‬
‫]ﻷﻧﻪ[)ﺯ( ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍ‪‬ﻬﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٩٩‬ﻭﻋﻠﻖ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٧٦-١٧٤/٦‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪(٢٥١‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﺮﻭﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪" :(٢٣١/٣‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ -‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﰲ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻟﻌﺪﻡ ﺻﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﹺﺇ ﹾﺫ ﹶﺫﺍﻙ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻭﺍﺷﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﺍﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺑﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺷﺠﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺯﻭﺝ ﻫﻼﻝ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﻉ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻧﻜﺤﺖ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻼﹰ ﻭﻓﻮ‪‬ﺿﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻮﰲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺎﻣﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻀﻰ ﳍﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺑﺼﺪﺍﻕ ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ )‪ ،(١٧٩٥/٤‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(٤٩/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻗﻀﻰ ﰲ ﺑﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻭﺍﺷﻖ ‪-‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻧﻜﺤﺖ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪ -‬ﲟﻬﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﳌﲑﺍﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻌﻘﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺷﺠﻌﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﻢ ﺻﺪﺍﻗﹰﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻣﺎﺕ‪ ٢١١٤) ،‬ﻭ‪ ٢١١٥‬ﻭ‪ (٢١١٦‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﺘﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻓﻴﻤﻮﺕ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﺮﺽ ﳍﺎ ﺻﺪﺍﻗﹰﺎ‪ ،(١١٤٥) ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﺑﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻭﺝ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ‪ ،(٣٣٥٤) ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﺘﺰﻭﺝ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻔﺮﺽ ﳍﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﻮﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،(١٨٩١) ،‬ﻭﺃﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٤٢٧٦ :٣٠٩/٧‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ )‪ (٤٠٧/٩‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪ ،(٢٤٦/٧‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ (١٨٠/٢‬ﰒ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻴﺨﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻮ ﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻟﻘﻤﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺅﻭﺱ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﻗﻠﺖ ﻗﺪ ﺻﺢ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻓﻘﻞ ﺑﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪" :‬ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻬﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻣﻐﻤﺰ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﻴﺎﺕ"‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳊﺒﲑ‬
‫)‪.(٤٠٥/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ١٨٠/٦‬ﻭ‪ (١٨١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٧٤/٧‬‬
‫‪ ٣٦٤‬‬

‫‪ -١٠٣٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻃﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺔ‪.‬‬

‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫]ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ[ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﹶﻢ ﺗ‪‬ﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻐﺎﺭ ﻭﲡﻌﻞ)‪ (٦‬ﻟﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٣٧‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ)‪ (٨‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﹶﺃﹾﺛ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٩‬ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﺗﺰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺑﻼ ﻣﻬﺮ ﰒ ﻓﺮﺿﺖ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻬ ‪‬ﺮﺍ؟‬
‫‪ -١٠٣٨‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫‪ -١٠٣٩‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻳﻦ؟‬

‫ﷲ ‪





  :(١٠) ‬‬
‫ﺡ ﺑﻼ ﻣﻬ ﹴﺮ ﻟﻘﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍ ِ‬ ‫‪ -١٠٤٠‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎ ‪‬‬

‫


  ﺍﻵﻳﺔ)‪] (١١‬ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ ،[٢٣٦ :‬ﻭﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﺮﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﹶﺑﻄﻠ ‪‬‬

‫ﺖ‬ ‫

‬ ‫



‬
‫ﺕ ﻓﹸﺮﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻦ ﺇﻻ ﲟﺎ‬ ‫ﷲ ‪(١٣) ‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍ ِ‬ ‫‪(١٢‬‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺸﻐﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺑﻨﻬ ﹺﻲ‬
‫)‪(١٥‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻧﻜﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺎﺡ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ)‪ (١٤‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪/،‬‬
‫‪‬ﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻠﻜﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺝ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ‪ ..‬ﺑﻄﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ :‬ﺛﻴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﱂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٩٤‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ( ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(١٨٠-١٧٩/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ )ﺏ( ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻗﺮﺏ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﻭﲡﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﳚﻌﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ‪ ‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ )‪ (١٠٥/٥‬ﻭﺑﺪﺍﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﺋﻊ )‪ (٢٧٨/٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻋﻄﺎﺀ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(١٩٨/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﺜﺒﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪.٢٣٦ :‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻐﺎﺭ ‪‬ﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻐﺎﺭ‪ (٥١١٢) ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪. ‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺯﺍﺩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٩٨‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٣٦٥‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﳌﻼﻣﺴﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻣﻠﻜﺖ )ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ (٣‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ‪ ..‬ﻓﺴﺪ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺲ)‪ (٥‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﺍﻷﻛ ﹺﻞ‬
‫‪ -١٠٤١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻲ ‪ ‬ﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳ ﹺ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﺜﺮﻳﺪ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻥ)‪ (٨‬ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﺗﲔ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ)‪ :(١‬ﺃﱐ‬
‫ﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫‪ -١٠٤٢‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺮﻳ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﻚ ﻟﻠﺜﺮﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻟﻠﺘﻤﺮﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺎﱐ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻓﻌ ﹶﻞ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﻣﻠﻚ‪ ..‬ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﺎﺭ ﹰﻛﺎ ﻟﻠﻔﻀﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺘﻤ ‪‬ﺮ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺏ ﺑﻄﻼﻥ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﳊﺼﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﺭ‪ (٣٧٨٧) ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻼﻣﺴﺔ‪ ،(٢١٤٤) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﺑﻄﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻼﻣﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﺑﺬﺓ‪.(١٥١٢) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(١٩٩/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺮﻳﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‪(١٩٢٦) ،‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ‪ ‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻋﺮ‪ ‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴ ﹺﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﺟ‪‬ﺘﹺﻨ‪‬ﺒﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻖ؛ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺄﻭﻯ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪.#‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻃﻌﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺫﺭﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺮﻳﺪ‪ ، (٣٢٧٦) ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻭﺍﺛﻠﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺜﻲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺑﺮﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﺜﺮﻳﺪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻛﻠﻮﺍ ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺣﻮﺍﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ﹸﻔﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺭﺃ ‪‬ﺳﻬﺎ؛ ﻓﹺﺈﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﱪﻛ ﹶﺔ ﺗﺄﺗﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮﻗﻬﺎ‪.#‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (١٦٠٠٦ :٣٨٧/٢٥‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ (١١٧ -١١٦/٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ‬
‫)‪ (٢١٦ :٩٠/٢٢‬ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ )‪(٤٨/٥‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺭﻭﺍﺀ )‪.(٤٠-٣٨/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻹﻗﺮﺍﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺀ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﺄﺫﻥ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ ،(٢٤٨٩‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ (٢٠٤٥‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺷﺮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻲ ﺍﻵﻛﻞ ﻣﻊ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﻥ ﲤﺮﺗﲔ ﻭﳓﻮﳘﺎ ﰲ ﻟﻘﻤﺔ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﲔ‬
‫ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﺗ ﹺ‬
‫ﲨﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﺄﺫ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃﺻﺤﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ‪.#‬‬
‫ﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﺮﳝﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﰲ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺻﻔﺔ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫‪ ٣٦٦‬‬

‫‪ -١٠٤٣‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﻰ‪/٤٩)/‬ﺏ( ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﺢ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹸﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ)‪] (٥‬ﻋﻠﻰ[‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﺎﻟﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﳏﺮﻣﺘﺎﻥ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻧﻜﺤﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺻﺎ‪‬ﺎ)‪ ..(٧‬ﹸﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤ ﹶﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﺑﻨﺔ ﺃﺧﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺑﻨﺔ ﺃﺧﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻣﻠﻜﺘ‪‬ﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﳘﺎ ﳏﺮﻣﺘﺎﻥ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺑﻨﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫‪ .. ‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣﺘﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٤٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪) :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :(٩‬ﻻ ﳜ ‪‬ﻄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺃﺣﺪ‪‬ﻛﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧ‪‬ﻄﺒ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﹶﺧﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺒﻊ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ‪ ،(١٠)#‬ﻭ‪$‬ﻻ ﻳﻨﻜﺢ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ‪ ،(١١)#‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪
`
_

^
]  :(١٢) ‬‬
‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﻄﺐ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺯﻋﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫‪  e

d

c

b

a‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ]ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ ،[٢٣٥ :‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺎﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ؟‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻉ ﰒ ﻋﻘﺪ ﺑ‪ ‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻜﺎ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪. ( ٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻜﺢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ‪ ، ‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﻨﻜﺢ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﺘﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ ،(٥١١٠‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﲢﺮﱘ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺓ ﻭﻋﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﺧﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ‪.(١٤٠٨) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﺻﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ، ‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳜﻄﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﺒﺔ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﻳﻨﻜﺢ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺪﻉ‪ ،(٥١٤٢) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﲢﺮﱘ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﺒﺔ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺄﺫﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ‪،‬‬
‫)‪.(١٤١٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﲢﺮﱘ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﻭﻛﺮﺍﻫﺔ ﺧﻄﺒﺘﻪ‪ (١٤٠٩) ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪. :‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻮ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٣٦٧‬‬

‫ﻚ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ؛ ﻓﻬﻮ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻌﲎ )‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻬ ﹺﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬

‫‪ -١٠٤٥‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﺇﳕﺎ ‪‬ﻧ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻲ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪ (١ ‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻘﺮ‪‬ﺍﻥ؛ ﻭﻷﻥ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ )ﺗ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ‪(٢‬؛ ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻟﻮ ﺧﻄﺐ ﻣﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺭﺍ‪..‬‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ)‪ (٣‬ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺻﺮﺡ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﰒ ﺧﻄﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ‪ (٤)/‬ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﺡ ﺟﺎﺋ ‪‬ﺰ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺁ ﹲﰒ ﲟﺎ ﺻﻨﻊ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻖ‬
‫ﺼﻨ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝ‬
‫ﺡ ﻓﺎﺳ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳﺤ‪‬ﻞ ]ﺑﻪ[ ﺍﻟﺰﻭ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٤٦‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻧﻜﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﻕ)‪ (٨‬ﻭﳍﺎ)‪ (٩‬ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﻼ ‪‬‬

‫‪z‬א‪x>2‬‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ﳍﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﺰ ‪‬ﻭﺟ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﹰﺓ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﹺﻬﺎ ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫‪] -١٠٤٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻭ ﱠﻛ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹶﻞ‬
‫ﺡ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺻ‪‬ﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻜﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ‪‬ﺪﺍﹰﻗﺎ ﻓﺄﺻﺪﻗﻬﺎ ﺃﻛﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺻ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﻴﻞ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺿﻤﻦ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﻴﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻ‪‬ﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫ﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺻﺪﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺪﺍﹰﻗﺎ ﻓﺄﺻﺪﻗﻬﺎ ﺃﻛﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٤٨‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤﻰ ﳍﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺿﻤﻦ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﻴﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ)‪.(١٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻘﺪ ﺷﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺧﻄﺒﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٩٩‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻷﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻘﺎﺵ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺎﻟﻔﲔ ﰲ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺸﻐﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٢٠٠-١٩٨/٦‬ﻭ‪.(٤٥٢-٤٤٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﺰﻭﺝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪. (٧٠/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳏﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻸﻣﺮﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٠٧/٦‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺻﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ ﲟﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮﺟﻬﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﻋﻠﻰ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٢١٢/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٢١١/٦‬‬
‫‪ ٣٦٨‬‬

‫ﺻﺪﺍﻗﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٤٩‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺫﻧﺖ ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻟ‪‬ﻴﻬﺎ‪ /‬ﻳﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻓﺘﻌ ‪‬ﺪﻯ ﰲ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﲞﻤﺴﺔ ﺩﻧﺎﻧﲑ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻋﻄﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﻴ ﹸﻞ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﲡﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‬
‫‪ -١٠٥٠‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺰﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ؟‬
‫‪ -١٠٥١‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺓ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺪﻱ؛ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪﻯ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻛﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺘﺪﺉ ﻋﻘﺪﻩ ﺑﻼ ﻣﻬﺮ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺒﻄﻞ‪/‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺖ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺜﻞ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺝ ﺑﻌﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺝ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺰﻭﺟ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪‬ﺣ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ ،(٥‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲦﺮﺓ ﱂ ﻳﺒﺪ)‪ (٦‬ﺻﻼﺣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲬﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﱰﻳﺮ ‪-‬ﻟﻌﻞ ﲦﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ‪-‬‬
‫‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳍﺎ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺣﺠﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪@ :‬ﱂ ﺗﺮﺽ)‪ (٧‬ﺇﻻ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ]ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ[‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﻮﻯ ﺩﺭﳘﹰﺎ)‪.!(٨‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻟﻪ ﺩﺍ ‪‬ﺭ‬ ‫ﺡ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿ ﹺﻊ)‪ (٩‬ﳐﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﻮﻉﹺ؛ ﻭﻟﻮ ‪‬ﻭ ﱠﻛ ﹶﻞ ]ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ[ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬ ‫‪ -١٠٥٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺣﲔ ﺗﻌﺪﻯ ﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ ‪‬ﻥ ﲟﺎﺋﺔ؛ ﻓﺎﺷﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﲟﺎﺋﺘﲔ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﻟﻠﻮﻛﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻚ ﳍﺎ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ)‪ (١٢‬ﺗﻌﺪﻯ ﰲ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻩ)‪ (١١‬ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺛﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ (٢)/‬ﻟﻐﲑﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ)‪ (٣‬ﳛﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻌﺪﻯ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺝ ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ؛ ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺎ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٢١١/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻘﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻠﻚ ﻭﺗﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺒﻴﻊ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ‪ ،-‬ﻓﻴﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺿﻤﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼﻑ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٢١٢/٦‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٥٥/٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﳛﻜﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮ ﻭﳜﺘﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﲟﺎ ﺳﻴﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺒﺪﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺿﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻫﻨﺎ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﻭﻏﲑ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻗﺪ ﺣﺬﻓﺘﻪ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻧﺼﻪ‪) :‬ﻭﻛﻴﻞ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﻷﻧﻪ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٣٦٩‬‬

‫ﺐ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ]ﺫﻟﻚ[ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬

‫‪ -١٠٥٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹶﺓ ﻓﺄﺧﱪﻫﺎ ﺑﻨﺴ ﹴ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻭﻥ ﻛﻒﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﳍﺎ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٥٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﺧﻄﺐ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﹰﺓ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﻓﻼﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻓﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﱐ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺴﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﹸﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻜ ‪‬ﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻣﻨﻔﺴﺦ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺐ؛ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ)‪،(٨‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﹰﺓ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ (٩‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﺮﺟﻞ )ﺧ‪‬ﻄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ..‬ﺑﻄﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﻗﻊ‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻜﺢ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺦ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺴﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ‪ ..‬ﹸﻓ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪/٥٠)/‬ﺏ( ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻗﻂ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٥٥‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻴﺲ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﺘﺮﺿﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻗﺪ ﻧﻜﺢ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨﺴ‪‬ﺐ)‪ (١١‬ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑﻩ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ | -١٠٥٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ)‪ (١‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻔﺴﺦ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٠٠‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ( ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ١٨٣-١٨٢/٦‬ﻭ‪.(٢١٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺫﻛﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢١٤/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٣٢‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﻷﰊ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ )ﺹ‪ (٣١٦‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪(١٤٥-١٤٤/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ ﳑﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﺴﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﺝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﺘﺴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢١٣-٢١٢/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٣٢‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻉ ﻷﰊ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ )ﺹ‪ (٣١٥‬ﻙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (١٤٤/٨‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٣٢‬ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻣﻔﺴﻮﺥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻔﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٣٧٠‬‬

‫‪ -١٠٥٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (١‬ﻧﻜﺢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻗﻠﺐ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﲰﻪ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٥٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺒﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﺮﻳﺮﺓ)‪(٤)(٣‬؛ ﺻﺎﺭ)‪] (٥‬ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ[)ﺯ( ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪.(٦) ‬‬
‫ﻛﻒ ٍﺀ ﳍﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٥٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﹰﺓ ﺭﺗﻘﺎﺀ ﻭ ﹸﻏ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻄﱡﻮﻫﺎ ﱄ‪..‬ﱂ ﺃﺟﱪﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻄﻮﻋﺖ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺣﱴ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﲨﺎﻋﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺮﺍﺿﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﺄﺟﻴﺰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﺮﺽ ﺣﱴ ﻏﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﻠﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ)‪ (٧‬ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻀﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺻﺢ ﻭﺛﺒﺘﺖ ﺍﻟﻐﻠﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﻪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٦٠‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺗﻘﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻲ)‪ (٩‬ﻋﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺝ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻢ؛ ﺭﲟﺎ ﺷﻖ ﻭﻗﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻉ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٦١‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﹶﻘﺮ‪‬ﻥ‪ :‬ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺧﺎﺭ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﻐ ‪‬ﲑﺍ‪ (١)/‬ﻣﺜﻞ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺒﻈﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻉ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ(‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٦٨/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻟﻐﺔ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﰲ )ﹶﻗﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺑﺮﻳﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﻻﺓ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ‪ ، ‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻮﻻﺓ ﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻟﺒﲏ ﻫﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﻓﺄﻋﺘﻘﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﲣﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺸﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ‬
‫» ‪‬ﻣﻐ‪‬ﻴﺚ« ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻋﺘﻘﺖ ﺧﲑﻫﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ، ‬ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‪" :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺑﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺛﻼﺙ‬
‫ﺳﻨﻦ‪ ...‬ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻨﺎﺻﺢ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻘﻠﺪ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺷﺖ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ )‪ ،(١٧٩٥/٤‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(٥٠/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻃﻼﻗﹰﺎ‪ ،(٥٢٧٩) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻖ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺀ‬
‫ﳌﻦ ﺃﻋﺘﻖ‪ .(١٥٠٤/٩) ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٣١٤/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺻﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣١٧-٣١٦/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٥‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٤٥٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٣٩٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢١٦-٢١٥/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٧٧/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻫﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗﻖ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﺴﺪﺍﺩ ﳏﻞ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻉ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺤﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٧٧/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٠١‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٣٧١‬‬

‫‪ -١٠٦٢‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺍﳉﻨﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﳉﺬﺍﻡ)‪ (٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺹ)‪ (٤‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺒﻮﻝ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻗﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻓﺴﺦ ﺑﻼ ﻃﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻭﻻ ﻣﺘﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺻﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻕ‪..‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﲰﻰ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻓﺴﺦ ﺑﻼ ﻃﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺎ‬
‫ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ :‬ﻓﻨﻜﺎﺣﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻃ ﹲﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺎ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ ﲟﺎ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،(٨)#‬ﻭﻻ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺳﻜﲎ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٦٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﹶﻏﺮ‪‬ﺕ ﺃﻣ ﹲﺔ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺕ ﺃﻭﻻ ‪‬ﺩﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻢ ﺃﺣﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻠﺰﻭﺝ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﲟﺎ ﹸﻏ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻪ ﲟﺎ ﻏﺮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻋﺘﻘﺖ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ )ﺍﳌﺪﺑﺮﺓ()‪ /(١‬ﻭﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ‬
‫)ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻘﺔ()‪ (٢‬ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟﻞ‪.(١) (٣)/‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢١٦/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٤‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٤٥٠‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٩٠‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٠٢/٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟ ﹶﻘﺮ‪‬ﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﻈﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺝ ﳝﻨﻊ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻉ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٧٧/٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٠٢/٣‬‬
‫ﺴﻮﺩ ﰒ ﻳﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﻭﻳﺘﻨﺎﺛﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﺼﻮﺭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻋﻀﻮ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺃﻏﻠﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﳉ ﹶﺬﺍﻡ‪ :‬ﻋﻠ ﹲﺔ ﳛ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻀ ‪‬ﻮ ﰒ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬ﺍ ﹸ‬
‫ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٠٢/٣‬‬
‫ﺽ ﺷﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﻳﺒﻘﻊ ﺍﳉﻠﺪ ﻭﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﺩﻣﻮﻳﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٠٢/٣‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒﺮ‪‬ﺹ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﺎ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٢٤٢٠٥ :٢٤٣/٤٠‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ :‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﱄ‪ ،(٢٠٨٣) ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻻ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻮﱄ‪ ،(١١٠٢) ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﺴﻦ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻻ‬
‫ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻮﱄ‪ ،(١٨٧٩) ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ )ﺹ‪ ،(٧٠٠ :١٧٥‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ )‪ ،(٤٠٧٤ :٣٨٤/٩‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ‬
‫)‪ ،(١٦٨/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ ،(١٠٥/٧‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ‪ ، ‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻍ )ﺹ‪:(٨٣٦ :٣٠٩‬‬
‫"ﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻮﺍﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢١٧/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٤‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٤٥٠‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٠٢/٣‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٢١/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٥‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪.(٤٥١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺪﺑﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٩٥‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٣٧٢‬‬

‫‪ -١٠٦٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺒﺔ‪ ..‬ﺭﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺩﺕ ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻋﺠﺰﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﺠﺰﺕ‪..‬‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺸﺒﻪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﻳﺔ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻳﻪ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻭﻳﻌﻄﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺑﻄﻴﺐ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪﻳﻦ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻋﺘﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻫﺬﺍ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺑﻄﻴﺐ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺃﻣ ﹰﺔ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺕ ﰒ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻘﺖ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﺃﻣﺘﻪ ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻟﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ‪..‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٦٥‬ﻭﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺭﺟﻊ)‪ (٥‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﲟﺎ ﻏﺮﻡ ﰲ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٦٦‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﻓﻴﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ]ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ[ ﻭﻳﺘﺒﻊ ﰲ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﻮﰲ‪ :‬ﳊﺪﻳﺚ)‪ (٧‬ﻫﻨﺪ)‪ (٨‬ﺣﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ : ‬ﺧﺬﻱ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻴﻚ ﻭﻭﻟﺪﻙ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ‪ ،(٩)#‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﻳﺒﺘﺎﻉ ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﻨﻄﺔ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫‪ -١٠٦٧‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﺎﻡ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺟﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﻟﻴﺒﻴﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬﻭﺍ‪/‬‬
‫ﻟﺒﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺯ ﱄ ﺃﻥ ﺁﺧﺬ ﲝﻜﻢ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ ﱄ ﺃﻥ ﺁﺧﺬ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ؛ ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺣﻼ ﹰﻻ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺤ ﱡﻞ ﺣﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﺧﱪ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺯﻳﻨﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٢١/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٣٩١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺸﲑﻳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٢١/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٥‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪.(٤٥١‬‬
‫ﺤ ﱠﻘ ﹰﺔ ﻟﻐﲑﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻛﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٢٠/٧‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺯﻭ‪‬ﺝ ﺃﻣ ﹰﺔ ﻭﺍﺩ‪‬ﻋﻰ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﺮ ﹲﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﴰﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺯﻭﺟﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻡ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ‪، ‬‬
‫ﺃﺳﻠﻤﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﺳﻼﻡ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﺮﻫﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻜﺎﺣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺲ ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧﻔﹶﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺃﻱ ﻭﻋﻘﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﺷﻬﺪﺕ ﺃﹸﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻛﺎﻓﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻬﺪﺕ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﳍﺎ ﻧﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺮ‪‬ﺿﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺖ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻗﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪ‪‬ﻳﻖ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ )‪ ،(١٩٢٢/٤‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(٣٤٦/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻔﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ ،(٥٣٦٤) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺃﻗﻀﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﻫﻨﺪ‪.(١٧١٤) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٢٦١/٦‬‬
 ‫‪٣٧٣‬‬

‫ﺠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﳉ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻷﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳉﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺑﺎﺅﻩ)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻔﻘﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺳﻔﻠﻮﺍ‬
‫‪ -١٠٦٨‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺻﻐﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ﳏﺘﺎﺟﲔ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ﹴﻡ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻌﺘﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪ ﻭﺍﻷﺟﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﳉﺪﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ‬
‫‪ -١٠٦٩‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺫﺍ ] ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺣ ﹴﻢ[ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺳﻔﻠﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ | -١٠٧٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ)‪ (٧‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺘﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﻞ ﺫﻱ ﳏﺮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٧١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺮﺟ ﹴﻞ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻡ ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺕ ﺃﻭﻻ ‪‬ﺩﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻟﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺆﺍﺟﺮﻫﻢ‪/٥١)/،‬ﺏ( ﻭﺇﻥ ﺟﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺟﻨﺎﻳ ﹰﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻠﺴﻴﺪ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﻳﺔ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٧٢‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﻋﺔ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺎ ﻣﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٧٣‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺒﻴ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﺄﺟ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺎﺿ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﻓﻴﺠﻮﺯ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻴﺎﻃﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺷﻬﺮ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻳﺸﺮﻉ ﻓﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ]ﺳﻮﺭﺓ[ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٠٢‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺯﻳﻨﺐ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻡ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻓﺄﻗﻀﻲ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳓ ﹴﻮ ﳑﺎ ﺃﲰﻊ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ‬
‫‪$‬ﺇﻧﻜﻢ ﲣﺘﺼﻤﻮﻥ ﹺﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌ ﱠﻞ ﺑﻌﻀﻜﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﳊﻦ ﲝ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﻄﻌﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻖ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻩ؛ ﻓﺈﳕﺎ ﺃﻗﻄﻊ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‪#‬؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺣﻼ ﹰﻻ‪،(٧١٨١) ،‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻲ ﻟﻪ ﲝﻖ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻩ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻻ ﳛﻞ ﺣﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﹸﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ ، :‬ﺏ‪.(١٧١٣) ، :‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺑﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٦٠/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣١٦-٣١٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٦٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٤٦/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻌﺘﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻉ؛ ﻛﺎﻹﺧﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻷﺧﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻷﻗﺎﺭﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٠٢/٩‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٤٣٠‬ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺏ )ﺹ‪ (٤١٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٣٣/١٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣١١/١٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲨﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٣٧٤‬‬

‫‪ -١٠٧٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ]ﺍﺳﻢ[ ﺳﻠﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﻧﺼﻔﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﻧﺼﻔﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٧٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﲞﻴﺎﻃﺔ ﺛﻮﺏ ﻓﻀﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪..‬‬
‫ﺿﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻴﺎﻃﺔ ]ﻫﺬﺍ[ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺿﺎﻉ‪ ..‬ﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺻﻞ‬‫ﺧﺎﻁ ﳍﺎ ﻧﺼﻔﻪ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﺑﺎﺣﺖ ﻓﺮﺟﻬﺎ ﻋﻮ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﳘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻴﺎﻃﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﻄﺘﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺒﻀﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺧﺬﺗﻪ ﺑﻨﺼﻒ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺃﻋﻄﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻀﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‪ ..‬ﺭﺟﻌﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲟﺎ ﺃﻋﻄﺘﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻧﺼﻒ ﺷﻬﺮ؛ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﻳﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻷﺟﲑ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‪/‬‬ ‫‪ -١٠٧٦‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺷﻬﺮ‪ ) ..‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻞ(‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ﺑﲔ ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻪ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﻭﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٧٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺁ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﻓﻄﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﺭﺟﻌﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻨﺼﻒ)‪ (٧‬ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ)‪(٨‬؛ ﻷﻥ‬
‫‪(١‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﻻ ﻳﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﻩ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪ ﲨﻴﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٩‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ )ﺣﺪﻩ ﺟﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻬﺎ)‪ (٢‬ﻧﺼﻔﻬﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٥١-١٥٠/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٨‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٤٥٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٩٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٢٠/٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٣٥/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٥٨/٦‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٤٥٨‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٠٠‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٣٤/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺛﻮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ١٥٧/٦‬ﻭ‪ (١٥٨‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﻷﰊ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ‪) ،‬ﺹ‪ ،(٧١٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٠٨/٧‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺃﻥ ﳍﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﺟﺮ ﺧﻴﺎﻃﺔ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﻓﻌﻤﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٠٣‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲟﺜﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪" (٨‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳜﻠﻮ ‪‬ﺎ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻬﺎ" ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٨‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٤٥٨‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪ (٢٣٩/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٠٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﺪ ﳚﻌﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪" (٣‬ﻟﻮ ﺃﺻﺪﻗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺫﻣﺘﻪ ﻭﻓﺎﺭﻕ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺘﻌﺬﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻳﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮ ﳏﺮﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﹰﺓ ﺃﻭ ﳓﻮﳘﺎ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻬﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ،(٢٣٩/٣‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٠٦/٧‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٣٧٥‬‬

‫‪ -١٠٧٨‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﺗﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ)‪ (١‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺪ ﰒ ﻣﺎﺕ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫‪ -١٠٧٩‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٣‬ﺗﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺒﺪ ﳍﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﲑ ﳍﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺷﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺗﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻭﱂ ﻳﺄ‪‬ﺎ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺎ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹲﻞ )ﻻ‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٨٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺟﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﺀﱐ ﺑﻌﺒﺪﻱ ﺍﻵﺑﻖ ﻓﻠﻪ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫ﺇﺟﺎﺭﺓ‪.(٨)(٧)/(٦‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻧﻘﺺ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪ -١٠٨١‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺪﻕ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﹰﺓ‪ /‬ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍ )ﺃﻭ ﺣﻴﻮﺍ‪‬ﻧﺎ‪ (٩‬ﻓﺰﺍﺩ ﰲ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ)‪ (٢‬ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﺧﺬﺗﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٨‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻷﰊ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ‪) ،‬ﺹ‪ (٧١٢‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٤٥٨‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮﻭﺍ ﺃﻥ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ :‬ﳚﺐ ﳍﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻷﺟﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﳍﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻬﺮ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻭﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﳚﻌﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ‪" :‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻤﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﻘﻄﻌﺖ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﻠﻮﺓ ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ﲢﻞ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪" (٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ" ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(١٥٧/٦‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٩‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﺑﺄﺻﻠﻪ"‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٢٥٠/٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٣٩٥‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﳍﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٢٤٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٥٨/٦‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻷﰊ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ )ﺹ‪ (٧١٤‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٣١٢/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪.(٣٠٧/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٩٦‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٤٤/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٣٣٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲦﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪" (٣‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺸﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺪﻓﻌﻬﻤﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺯﺍﺋﺪﻳﻦ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺫﻟﻚ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻏﲑ‪‬ﻤﺎ" ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷُﻡ‬
‫)‪ ،(١٦١/٦‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٨‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٤٠٠‬‬
‫‪ ٣٧٦‬‬

‫‪ -١٠٨٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻫﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﺑﻨﻘﺼﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ]ﺟﺎﺋﺰ[ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺾ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫‪ -١٠٨٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﻧﺎﻗﺼﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺑﻨﺼﻒ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻭﺭﺿﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﻤﺎ ﻧﺎﻗﺼﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٨٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺑﺤ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﺴﺄﳍﺎ ﻧﺼﻔﻪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﺗﻌﻄﻪ)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﻀﻰ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻤﻨﻌﺘﻪ)‪..(٧‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻭﻳﻨﻘﺺ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ ﺿﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﳌﺎ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻳﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺨﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﺀ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺺ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫‪ -١٠٨٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺻﺪﻗﻬﺎ ﺃﻣ ﹰﺔ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺕ؛ ﻓﺎﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺑﻼ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻓﺎﻟﻮﻟﺪ)‪ (١٣‬ﳍﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻛﺒﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﲦﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ)‪.(١) (١٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪] .(٤٠٧/٧‬ﺯ[‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﻫﺎﻣﺶ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪) :‬ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ :‬ﻧﺎﻗﺼﲔ ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٦١/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٤٠٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻄﻪ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﻌﻄﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻄﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻤﻨﻌﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺨﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(١٦٢/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻮﻻﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺍﺩﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﺄﺧﺬ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪) (١٤‬ﻟﻪ( ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﻟﺪﻫﺎ ﻏﲑ ﳑﻴﺰ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ؛ ﳊﺮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﻭﻟﺪﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٦٢/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٠٠‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٣٦-٢٣٥/٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٥٧/٦‬‬
 ‫‪٣٧٧‬‬

‫‪) -١٠٨٦‬ﻭﻏﻠﺔ ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ]ﳍﺎ[ ﻏﻠﺔ ﺍﻏﺘﻠﺘﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ‪ (١‬ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ‬
‫ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﻓﻘﻂ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺻﻐﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ ﳊﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟ ِ‪‬ﻮﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‬ ‫‪ -١٠٨٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺣﺼﺘﻪ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻭﻟﺪﻫﺎ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭ]ﻗﺪ[ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ‪/‬‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﺄﲦﺮﺕ ﻭﺍﻏﺘﻠﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻐﻠﺔ ﳍﺎ؛ ﻗﺒﻀﺘﻬﺎ)‪ (٧‬ﺃﻭﱂ‬
‫ﻕ ]ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﹰﺓ[ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻣ ﹰﺔ ﺃﻭ ﳔ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -١٠٨٨‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺒﻀﻬﺎ)‪.(٩) (٨‬‬
‫‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫‪ -١٠٨٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﲦﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻞ )ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺮﺛﺖ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬
‫ﻚ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻫﺎ)‪ (١٢‬ﻻ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﻖ ﳍﺎ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫ﺗﺰﺭﻋﻬﺎ)‪ ..(١١‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻴﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ‪) :‬ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٦٢/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٩٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻮﻟﺪ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳﺪ ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﹺﻮﻟﺪ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺴﺮ‪ :‬ﻟﻐﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹾﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ )‪.(٥٥٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(١٦٢/٦‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻷﰊ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ )ﺹ‪ (٧٣٢‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٩٣/٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٣٦/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٠٤‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺒﻀﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﰲ ﻣﻠﻜﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٣٦/٣‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٠٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺮﻗﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺰﺭﻋﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﹶﺻﺪﻗﹶﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﲤﻠﻜﺖ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﺙ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺘﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﹲﺓ ﳍﺎ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻴﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﺰﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻃﻼﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻞ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺆﺑﺮ‪ ..‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﻐﲏ‬ ‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٣٧/٣‬‬
‫‪ ٣٧٨‬‬

‫‪ -١٠٩٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺻﺪﻗﻬﺎ ﺃﻣ ﹰﺔ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺕ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺃﻭﻻ ‪‬ﺩﺍ ﰒ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﺍﻷﻣ ﹸﺔ ﻭﺃﻭﻻﺩ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﺒﻀﻬﺎ)‪..(١‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺳﺄﻟﺘﻪ ﺩﻓﻌﻬﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺪﻓﻌﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺿﺎﻣ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻟﻘﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻬﺎ)‪ (٢‬ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺳﺄﻟﺘﻬﻢ ﻓﻤﻨﻌﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻗﻂ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ‪/٥٢)/‬ﺏ( ﺍﻟﻐﺼﺐ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٩١‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪@ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﺁﺧﺬ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣﻴﺘﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻟﺪﻫﺎ!‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﳍﺎ؛ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪@ :‬ﺁﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻭﺃﺭﺟﻊ ﺑﺎﻷﻡ!‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳍﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺗﺒ ‪‬ﻊ)‪ (٧‬ﻟﻸﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ‬
‫ﳝﻠﻚ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺒﺾ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٩٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻭﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﳐﲑﺓ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ)‪ (١٠‬ﻧﻘﺺ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀﺕ ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﺍﻷﻡ‬
‫ﲜﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀﺕ ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫)‪(١٤‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺵ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫‪ -١٠٩٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ‪‬ﺟﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ)‪ ،(١٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺣﺒﺖ)‪ (١٦‬ﺗﺮﻛﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٥٧/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٩٥‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﳍﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(١٥٧/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻫﻨﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪) :‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺻﻮﺏ ﺣﺬﻓﻬﺎ ﻟﺌﻼ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺛﺒﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﺗﺒﻌﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲤﻠﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٤٢٦/٩‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻬﺮ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺀ ﳍﺎ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(٤٢٩/٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺄﺧﺬ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻣﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺟﻨﺖ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٣٧٩‬‬

‫ﻼ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺠ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺪﻓﻌﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺃﲦﺮﺕ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ)‪ ..(٢‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺎ‬
‫‪ -١٠٩٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺻﺪﻗﻬﺎ ﳔ ﹰ‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻘ ﹺﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻩ)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻘ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﻭ‪‬ﻗ ‪‬ﺮﺑﹺﻪ)‪(٤‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻔﺴﺪ ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻧ ﹺﺰ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻖ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﳍﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ)‪ (٦) (٥‬ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﺼﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٩٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ؛ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮﺓ ﻣﻔﺮ ‪‬ﺩﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻣﺴﻘ ‪‬ﺮﺍ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﺮ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﻳ ﹰﻜﺎ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻧﻘﺼﻪ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺎ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻪ)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﻟ ﹰﻔﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻪ‬
‫‪ -١٠٩٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻧﻜﺢ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﹰﺓ ﺑﺄﻟ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١٤‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻪ‪/‬‬ ‫ﺿﺎ‪ (١٢)/‬ﺃﻭ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﻋﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(٤٢٩/٩‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻘﺮ‬
‫ﺼﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﳉﻴﺪ ﳚﻌﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘﺮﰉ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻘﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﻃﺐ ﻧﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﻌﺴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺸﺘﺪ ﲝﻼﻭﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻟﻐﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺮ )ﺹ‪ ،(٣١٩‬ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢٨٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ (٢٥٣/٧‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٥٠/١٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳝﻴﺰ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﺄﺧﺬﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻩ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻓﺘﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﻭﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﺭﺵ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺺ ﺍﳊﺎﺻﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٦٦/٦‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٢٣٩/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٥٥/٧‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(٢٤٩‬ﳍﺎ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﻭﻧﺰﻋﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﺰﻉ ﻓﺴﺪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺒﻖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻳﻨﺘﻔﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﻭﻣﺜﻞ ﺻﻘﺮﻩ –ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ -‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ"‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﳏﺘﻤﻠﻪ ﻝ‪ :‬ﺯﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺯﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺯﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺎ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﻭﺗﱰﻉ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٦٦/٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(٢٤٩‬ﻭﻟﻮ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺏ ﻻ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻳﺎﺑﺴ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱂ ﻳﺼﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺏ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻳﺘﻐﲑ ﻃﻌﻤﻪ" ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻷﰊ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ‪) ،‬ﺹ‪ (٧٣٩-٧٣٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٢٤٠/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪(٢٥٦-٢٥٥/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٠٥‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ‪) :‬ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٩٦‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٣٨٠‬‬

‫]ﰲ[ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﻄﺖ‪ ..‬ﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻓﺎﺕ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ)‪ (١‬ﺇﻥ ﻓﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺎ ]ﻋﻠﻴﻪ[ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٩٧‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻧﻜﺢ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﲔ ﺑﺼﺪﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٩٨‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻟﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬
‫)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٠٩٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺒﺪ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﺃﻭ ﲟﺎ ﺷﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮﻑ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺗﻔﻮﻳﺾ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪:‬‬ ‫‪] -١١٠٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﺔ‪ /‬ﻷﻣﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺿﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﻤﻲ ﻣﻬ ‪‬ﺮﺍ )ﺃﻭ()‪ (٧‬ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﳍﺎ‪@ :‬ﺃﺗﺰﻭﺟﻚ‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ ﻣﻬﺮ!‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﱄ ﺑﺮﺿﺎﻫﺎ‪@ :‬ﺃﺯﻭﺟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ!‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١١٠١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﺮﺽ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﻭﱂ ﺗﺮﺽ ﰒ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺔ)‪.(١٠‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٦٨/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٦٧/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٧١/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥٠‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻷﰊ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ‪) ،‬ﺹ‪ (٧٦٣‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪(٤٦١‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٢٦٠/٨‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺃﲪﺪ"‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٦٩/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﱄ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" (١٧٣/٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥٠‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻭﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺃﻭﱃ" ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻷﰊ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ‪) ،‬ﺹ‪ (٧٦٣‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٤٦١‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬
‫)‪ (٢٦٠/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٦٩/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻋﻘﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪" :‬ﻭ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(١٧٤/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٧٤/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٧٩/٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٣٩٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٧٩/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥١‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ )‪ (٤٧٥/٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ٢٨٣/٧‬ﻭ‪.(٣٢١‬‬
 ‫‪٣٨١‬‬

‫‪ -١١٠٢‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﳍﺎ ﳑﺎ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﺣﱴ ﳚﺘﻤﻌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺘﻤﻌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﻛﻢ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻬ ‪‬ﺮﺍ)‪ (١‬ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻘﻀﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻭﳘﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﱂ‬
‫ﳚﺰ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﳎﻬﻮﻝ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -١١٠٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺯﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﺑﺄﻣﺮﻩ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻷﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺑﺄﻣﺮﻩ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﺭﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻷﺏ ﺑﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺻﻐ ‪‬ﲑﺍ ﻓﻀﻤﻦ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻏﺮﻡ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﲢﻤﻞ ﺍﻷﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﻳﺰﻭﺟﻪ ﻓﺰﻭﺟﻪ ﰒ ﺃﻧﻜﺮ ﺣﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫‪ -١١٠٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ]ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ[‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻠﺤﺎﻛﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﺷﻬﺪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻧﻜﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺣﻠﻒ ﺑﺮﺉ ﻭﻭﻗﻌﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ‪.(٥)/‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﳍﺎ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ‬ ‫‪ -١١٠٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺯﻭﺝ ﺭﺟﻞ‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺽ ]ﳍﺎ[ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﻔﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺧﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﺔ ﳌﺎﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻻ ﳝﻠﻚ ﻣﺎﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﳍﺎ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻬﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٨٠-١٧٩/٦‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٢٥١‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻁ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﻣﻬﺮ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٢٨٣/٧‬ﺃﻇﻬﺮﳘﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ‪...‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ" ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ )‪ ٤٨٤-٤٨٣/٩‬ﻭ‪ (٤٨٥‬ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٣٩٨‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪" :(٢٣٠/٣‬ﳏﻞ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻩ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﻘﺪﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥٠‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٤٥٩‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ )‪.(٤٧٠-٤٦٨/٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٠٦‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٨٠/٦‬ﻭﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )‪ (٢٥٠‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻷﰊ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ )ﺹ‪ (٧٩٦‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ‬
‫)‪ (٤٧٤/٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٨٠/٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٩٨‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٢٩/٣‬‬
‫‪ ٣٨٢‬‬

‫‪ -١١٠٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻧﻜﺤﻬﺎ ﲟﻬﺮ ﻓﻌﻔﺎﻩ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ)‪ (١‬ﻧﻜﺤﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﲤﻤﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‬
‫ﳍﺎ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﻜﺤﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﳝﻠﻜﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻋﻔﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﻴﺐ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﲤﻠﻜﻪ‪] ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ [:‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻬﺔ ﻭﺍﶈﺠﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻒ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﱂ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻴﺔ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﺴﺎﺀ ﻋﺼﺒﺎ‪‬ﺎ)‪،(٦‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١١٠٧‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻬﺮ ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻬﺎ‪/٥٣)/:‬ﺏ( ﺃﺧﻮﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻋﻤﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺴﺎﺀ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻧﺴﺎﺀ ﺑﻠﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺷﺒﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﲨﺎﳍﺎ ﻭﻋﻘﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺑﻜ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻭ ﺛﻴ‪‬ﺒﺎ)‪ (٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻬﻮﺭ ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﺪ ﻭﺩﻳﻦ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳌﻬﺮ ﻧﻘﺪ ﻛﻠﻪ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١١٠٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻧﺴﺎﺀ ﳍﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺄﻗﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ )ﺷﺒ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺎ‪ (١٠‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﺖ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺐ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺰﻭﺟﺖ ﰲ ﻋﺸﲑ‪‬ﺎ ﲣﻔﻔﻦ‬ ‫‪ -١١٠٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺸﲑ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺜﻘﻠﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻧﻜﺤﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺋﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻋﺸﲑ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻬﺮ ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﺎﺀ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻔﻮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٨٠/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥٢‬ﻭﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﰲ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥٠‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٩٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪(٢٢٧/٣‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٤٥/٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫"ﻭﻫﻦ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻨﺴﺐ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻛﺎﻷﺧﺖ ﻭﺑﻨﺖ ﺍﻷﺧﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺣﺎﻡ"‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٨٦/٧‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﺛﻴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٨٤/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٨٧-٢٨٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺎ ﺷﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٨٤/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٨٧/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲢﻘﻖ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٣٨٣‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ‬ ‫‪ -١١١٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ‪) ،‬ﻭﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ‪ ..‬ﲢﺎﻟﻔﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺩﻋﻰ‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻤﲔ‪ ،(٦)/،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﲢﺎﻟﻔﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﺑﻄﻠﺖ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﳍﺎ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١١١١‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ (٨) /:‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﺎﻳﻌﺎﻥ‪.(٩)#‬‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﳑﺎ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﺔ‪..‬‬ ‫]ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ[ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺎ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫‪ -١١١٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺘﻀﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺎ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ؛ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ)‪.(١٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٨٤/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٨٨/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﺪﻋﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺩﻋﺖ ﻫﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٩٧‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٨٥-١٨٤/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥١‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٤٦٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٤٠٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٢٣/٧‬ﻭﰲ ﻛﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺎﳊﻠﻒ ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٥٨٠/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٠٧‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﻗﻴﺎﺳ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٤٢/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻣﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﺿﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲟﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٨٥/٦‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(١٨٥/٦‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ‪-‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ -‬ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺤﺎﻟﻔﺎ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﺘﺼﺎﺩﻗﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﳍﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻋﺔ ﻓﺄﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺳﻬﻤﻪ ﺣﻠﻒ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺷﻬﺪ ﺷﻬﻮﺩﻩ ﲝﻖ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺑﻴﻤﻴﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩ ﹸﺓ ﻣﺘﻀﺎﺩﹲﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺎ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻟﻔﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻟﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٣٣٥/٨‬ﻭﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٢٤/٧‬ﻭﺟﻬﲔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﺍﻩ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪.‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٣٨٤‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻮﺍﺀ ﻗﺒﺾ ﺍﻷﺏ ﺃﻭ ﱂ‬ ‫‪ -١١١٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻷﺑﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻟ ﹰﻔﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺒﺾ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺃﻟ ﹰﻔﺎ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺻﺪﺍﹰﻗﺎ ﺭﺿﻴﺘﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ]ﳍﺎ[ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﺯﻳﺪﻙ‬ ‫‪ -١١١٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺻﺪﻕ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻄﻴﺔ ﱂ ﺗﻘﺒﺾ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١١١٥‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﺷﺮﻁ)‪ (٧‬ﳍﺎ ﺃﻥ)‪ (١‬ﻻ ﳜﺮﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻠﺪﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺴﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻻ ﻳﻨﻜﺢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ ﻭﳍﺎ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻛﻞ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ‪ /‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺷﺮﻁ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺃﺑﺎﺡ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻭﺃﺑﺎﺡ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻠﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٤٢/٣‬ﻭ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٦٦/٦‬ﺃ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﺤﺎﻟﻔﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪" :(٣٣٥/٨‬ﻓﻌﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﺮﻳﺞ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﻭﱃ ﻻﺷﺘﻤﺎﳍﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺭﺿﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﺎﻗﻂ ﻓﻜﺄﻥ ﻻ ﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﺘﺤﺎﻟﻔﺎﻥ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﻳﻘﺮﻉ ﻓﻬﻞ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻗﺮﻋﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﺫﻛﺮﻭﺍ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺟﻬﲔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٣٢٤/٧‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﻗﺎﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﺘﲔ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺘﲔ ﰲ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ ﻓﻮﺟﻬﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﳛﻜﻢ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻻﺷﺘﻤﺎﳍﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﺭﺿﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﺎﻗﻂ ﻓﻜﺄﻥ ﻻ ﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﺘﺤﺎﻟﻔﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﻋﺔ ﻓﻬﻞ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻗﺮﻋﺘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻟﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٨٦/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥١‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٤٦١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٩٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٢٦/٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺟﻌﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻣﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻀﻊ ﻟﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺑﺬﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٨٧/٦‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺀ ﺑﻪ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻁ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﲢﺘﻤﻞ‪" :‬ﺃﻥ" ﻭ "ﺃﻧﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٨٧/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥١‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٤٦١‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٢٧-٢٢٦/٣‬‬
 ‫‪٣٨٥‬‬

‫‪ -١١١٦‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻋﻘﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ..‬ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ)‪(١‬؛ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻠﻲ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪(٥‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘﹺﺒﻀ‪‬ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻋﻄﺎﻫﺎ ﻓﺮ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫‪ -١١١٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻟﻒ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪» :‬ﻗﺪ)‪ (٦‬ﻭﻫﺒﺖ ﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱄ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ«‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ »ﺭﺩﺩﺗﻪ)‪ (٧‬ﹺﺇﹶﻟﻴ‪‬ﻚ«)‪ (٨‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﺧﺬﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ)‪ (٩‬ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﳑﺎ ﻭﻫﺒﺖ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻟﻪ)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ)‪ (١١‬ﺑﻨﺼﻒ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻄﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ)‪.(١٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٩٠/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥٢‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ )‪ (٤٧٤/٩‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٤١/٣‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻮﱄ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻃﻼﻗﻪ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﺸﺮﻭﻁ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻋﻘﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٩٠/٦‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥٢‬ﺑﻼﻏﹰﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺳﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﻪ )‪ (٥٤٥/٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‬
‫)‪.(٢٥١/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺻﺪﺍﻕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺮﺩﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ‪) :‬ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﺩﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﺮﺟﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ :-‬ﺃﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺒﺪﻝ ﻧﺼﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﻮﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﻳﺎﱐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﺭﺟﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٩٤-١٩٣/٦‬ﻭﱂ ﳚﺰﻡ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﲔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﺀ ﻟﻪ ﳑﺎ ﳍﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻗﺪ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﱂ ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺈﺑﺮﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٣٨٦‬‬

‫‪ -١١١٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﻮﺟﺪﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻴ‪‬ﺒﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ؛ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ]ﺕ[ ﺃﺧﺬﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺀﺕ ﺭﺩﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺎ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -١١١٩‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﺻﺪﻗﻬﺎ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺷﺎﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎﺋﱵ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻓﺤﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﻮﻝ‪..‬‬
‫‪ (٤)/‬ﻳﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺑﻪ)‪ (٥‬ﺣﻮ ﹰﻻ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ)‪ (٦‬ﺳﺎﻋﺘﺌ ‪‬ﺬ ‪‬ﻣﹶﻠ ﹶﻜﻬ‪‬ﺎ)‪،(٧‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻧﺼﻔﻬﺎ ﺗﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻗﺒﻀﺖ ]ﻣﻨﻪ[ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻧﺎﻧﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﺗﻘﺒﻀﻬﺎ)‪(٨‬؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﺔ ﳍﺎ)‪.(٢)(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﺼﻔﻪ؛ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻔﻮﻫﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ؛ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺟﺐ ﳍﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮﳘﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪" :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺒﻀﺘﻪ ﻓﻮﻫﺒﺘﻪ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻭ ﱂ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺒﻀﻪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻫﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻪ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻬﻼﻛﻬﺎ ﺇﻳﺎﻩ ﻟﻮ ﻭﻫﺒﺘﻪ ﻟﻐﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺄﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺻﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ؟!‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻫﺎ ﻧﺼﻔﻪ ﰒ ﻭﻫﺒﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﰒ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻏﲑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻪ ﹶﻛ ﹺﻬ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻟﻐﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻞ ﻭﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺴﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻭﱃ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺄﺣﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻫﺒﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﺼﻒ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ ﺩﻳﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ﻋﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻮﻫﺒﺘﻪ ﻟﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٤٦٠-٤٥٩‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (١٥٥/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪(٣١٧-٣١٦/٧‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٤٠/٣‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻫﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻪ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻌﺠﻴﻞ ﳊﻘﻪ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺻﺮﺣﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺠﻴﻞ ﱂ ﻳﺼﺢ"‪ .‬ﻳﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﻭﻫﻲ ﱂ ﺗﺼﺮﺡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٩٥-١٩٤/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٩‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٩٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٢٢/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٠٨‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻷ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﳝﻠﻚ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻱ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﲤﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ ﲟﺠﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﺷﺮﻃﹰﺎ ﻟﺘﻤﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺣﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﺤﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ ﻣﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﻭﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﺼﻒ‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٣٨٧‬‬

‫‪6 PF‬א‪ E١P3 2‬‬

‫ﺿﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺇﱃ ﻭﻗﺖ‬
‫‪ -١١٢٠‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ]ﻗﺎﻝ[‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹺﻞ ﻣﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻗﺮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺟﺮﺓ)‪ (٢‬ﻣﺜﻠﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -١١٢١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹶﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ )ﳚﻌﻞ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻏﻼﻣﻪ‪) (٤‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..(٥‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ)‪ (٦‬ﺭﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ‬
‫ﻚ ﻭﻏﻼﻣﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ!‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ ﺃﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﲑ‪‬ﺍ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﹸﺃﻗﹶﺎ ﹺﺭ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١١٢٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻡ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﺮﺍﺽ ﻭﺷﺮﻛﺔ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﺮ ﻛﺎﻣﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺼﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻓﻴﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﻭﺗﺰﻛﻲ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﻔﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٢/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٧١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪(١٧٥‬‬
‫ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤١٢/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٣٤/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺽ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ )‪/١٠٩‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺟﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺪﺓ ﳏﺪﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٠/٥‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٧٢‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٣٥٠‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ (١٤/٦‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (١٥-١٤/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٢٢/٥‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪" :(٣٩٣/١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﲡﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻋﻘﺪ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﺿﺔ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﹰﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺒﻄﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻻ ﻳﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺼﺢ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻷﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺷﺮﻁ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻊ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﺎﰲ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﺎﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺼﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﻘﺪﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻻ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﺻﺢ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺭﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﳌﻨﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﺎ ﳝﻠﻜﻪ ﲟﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﳝﻨﻊ ﺻﺤﺘﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺟﻌﻞ ﺑﻴﻊ ﻏﻼﻣﺎ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻤ ﹲﻞ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻁ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫)‪ (٧‬ﻷﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﺃﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﺸﺘﺮ ﹶ‬
‫ﺼﺮ‪‬ﻩ ﺑﺄﻣﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (٤٤٣/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬ ‫ﻏﻼﻣ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫)‪.(١٤٨/٥‬‬
‫‪ ٣٨٨‬‬

‫‪ -١١٢٣‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ)‪ (٢‬ﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﺭﺽ ﺃﺟﻨﺒﻴﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻛﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﺮﺍﺽ)‪ (٣‬ﻭﺷﺮﻛﺔ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١١٢٤‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﺿﺎ ﻣﻔﺮ ‪‬ﺩﺍ ﲟﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﺟﻨﺒﻴﲔ‬
‫ﻼ ﻗﺮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١١٢٥‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺇﻥ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺇﱃ ﻏﻼﻣﻪ ﻣﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻭﻗﺎﺭﺽ‪/٥٤)/‬ﺏ( ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻴﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺫﻥ ﳍﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﲟﺎﻟﻪ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺃﺻﻞ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺽ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١١٢٦‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺽ ﻓﺎﺳﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻠﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺇﺟﺎﺭﺓ)‪ (٦‬ﻣﺜﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﻟﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ)‪.(٨)(٧‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺟﻮﺍﺯﻩ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٩/٥‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٧٢‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (١٠٨/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٢٢/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٣٠٠‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣١١/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٢٣/٥‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﺮﺽ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺟﻮﺍﺯﻩ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ١٢٢ /٥‬ﻭ‪.(١٢٥‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٧٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (٤٥٠/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ١١٩/٥‬ﻭ‪.(١٢٢‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺟﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٩/٥‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٧٢‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٣٥١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٢٥/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٣٠١‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪) ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
 ‫‪٣٨٩‬‬

‫‪6 PF‬א ‪Yud$4‬א‪ E١7 X‬‬

‫‪ -١١٢٧‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ]‪ :[ ‬ﺃﺑﺎﺡ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬ ‫‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮ ‪-‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪:-‬‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺳ ‪‬ﺮﺍ)‪)،(٣‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﲔ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻮﺍﻋﺪﻭﻫﻦ‬
‫)ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻉ‪ (٦‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﰲ ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻭﺃﺷﻌﺎﺭﻫﺎ)‪.(٧‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺑﺎﳋﻄﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﰲ )‪/٧٦‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻮﺍﻋﺪﻭﻫﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪
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‫‪]  A‬ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪.[٢٣٥ :‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻔﺮﻕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺯﺍﺩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪] :‬ﺑﲔ[‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٠١/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٣٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٣٦/٣‬‬
‫ﻛﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻣﺮﺉ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﹶﻣﺜـﺎﱄ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤِ‬
‫ﹶﻛﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﻴـﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧﻨﹺﻲ‬
‫ﺃﹶﻻ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻋﻤ‪‬ـﺖ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺩ‪‬ﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﺃﹶﻣﻨـ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮﺳ‪‬ﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﺰ ﱠﻥ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳋـﺎﱄ‬ ‫ﺖ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﹸﺻﱯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮ ِﺀ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮﺳ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻣﺮﺉ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺲ ﻭﻣﻠﺤﻘﺎﺗﻪ ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮﻱ )‪ ٣١٣/١‬ﻭ‪ ٣١٤‬ﻭ‪ (٣١٨‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٤٣/٦‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٢٣٧‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ )ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ( ﺑﺪ ﹰﻻ ﻣﻦ )ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ )‪" :(٣٥٨/٤‬ﺍﻟﺴﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﻜﺘﻢ‪ ...‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺅﺑﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻖ * ﻭﱂ ﻳﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻓﺮﻙ ﻭﻋﺸﻖ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮّ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺬﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻚ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻉ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪ ٣٩٠‬‬

‫‪(١‬‬
‫‪ -١١٢٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﻓﻴﻚ ﻟﺮﺍﻏﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺎﺋﻖ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﺧ ‪‬ﲑﺍ‪) ،‬ﻭﺑﺈ ﺟﺎﺯﺓ‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ)‪ ..(٢‬ﺃﺟﺰﻧﺎ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﻘﺪﻫﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻘﺪﺕ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻀﺮﻫﺎ‪/‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﺄﺓ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻔﺴﺪﻫﺎ)‪ (٤‬ﻣﺎ)‪ (٥‬ﻋﻘﺪﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﺽ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹸﺓ ﰲ ﻋﺪ ‪‬ﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻼﻕ ﺧﻠﻊ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١١٢٩‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١١٣٠‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺑﺎﻣﺮﺃﺓ)‪ (٨‬ﺑﻐﲑ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻭﻳﺞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻚ ﻓﻼﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﻗﺒﻠﺖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺪ ﺭﺿﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﻗﺒﻠﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻭﻳﺞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﺎﻃﺐ‪ :‬ﺯﻭﺟﲏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﻓﻌﻠﺖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﺟﺒﺘﻚ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﻤﻲ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻜﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻧﻜﺤﺘﻜﻬﺎ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺍﻻﲰﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﺍﻥ ﲰﻰ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١١٣١‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻜﻬﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﻓﻼﻥ)‪ ،(١‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻚ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﲔ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺧﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺟﺎﺯﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٠٩‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻳﻔﺴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻳﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﺼﻰ ﻭﺻﺮﺡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﲞﻄﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰒ ﻋﻘﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ‬
‫)‪ ١٠١/٦‬ﻭ‪ (١٠٢‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻷﰊ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪.(٤٧٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻓﻴﺠﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﰲ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﻲ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٠٢/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٧٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٣٦/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲰﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ١٠٣/٦‬ﻭ‪ (١٠٤‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٣٣-٢٣٢‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٤٢٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٧٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪ (١٤١-١٤٠/٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ٢١١/٦‬ﻭ‪.(٢١٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٣٩١‬‬

‫‪ -١١٣٢‬ﻭﻛﻞ)‪ (٥‬ﻧﻜﺎﺡ‪ /‬ﺍﻧﻌﻘﺪ ﻭﱂ ﳛﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻁﺀ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻧﻌﻘﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻜ ‪‬ﺢ‬
‫ﺍﺑﻨ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺒ ‪‬ﲑ ﻏﺎﺋ‪‬ﺒﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﰉ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻧﻜﺎ ‪‬ﺣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١١٣٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ :‬ﻻ ﳜﻄﺐ ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﺒﺔ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ‪ ،(٦)#‬ﻫﻮ ‪-‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺄﺫ ﹸﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻟﻴ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺰﻭﺟ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﺨﺮﺝ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻴﻠﻘﺎﻩ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻓﻴﺨﻄﺐ ﻓﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺧﻄﺒﺔ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ)‪ (٧‬ﻟﻠﻨﱯ ‪@ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺟﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ)‪ (٩‬ﺧﻄﺒﺎﱐ!‪ ،‬ﻓﺨﻄﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ)‪.(٢)(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٧٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٠/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻲ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻋﻦ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،(٥١١٥) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺗﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺔ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺑﻴﺢ ﰒ ﻧﺴﺦ ﰒ ﺃﺑﻴﺢ ﰒ ﻧﺴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮ‬
‫ﲢﺮﳝﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪.(١٤٠٧) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍ ُﻷﻡ )‪ (١٠٥/٦‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٤٢٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٩٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٢٦/٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٤٣/٦‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫"ﳌﻨﺎﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺰﻭﻡ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ ﰲ ﺍﶈﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ )‪ (٣٧٨/٨‬ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪.(١٤٢٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻜﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ، ‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳛﻄﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﺒﺔ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻜ ‪‬ﺢ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺪﻉ‪ ،(٥١٤٢) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﲢﺮﱘ ﺍﳋﻄﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﺒﺔ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺄﺫﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ‪،‬‬
‫)‪.(١٤١٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﻳﺔ‪  ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷُﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺎ ﻋﻘﻞ ﻭﻛﻤﺎﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﲢﺖ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻔﺺ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻄﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﺄﻣﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﺘ ‪‬ﺪ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﻡ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻬﻢ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﺰﻭﺟﺖ ﺑﺄﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺑﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺭﻯ ﺣﲔ ﻗﹸﺘﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ‬
‫‪ . ‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ )‪ ،(٢٣٠/٦‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(٢٧٦/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻬﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻏﺎﱎ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﲰﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻈﱠﻤﹰﺎ ﰲ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻭﻣﻘﺪ‪‬ﻣﹰﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻤ‪‬ﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺪ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﻣﺮﺗﲔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺩﻓﻨﻮﺍ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻫﺪﻯ ﲬﻴﺼﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪ ، ‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ )‪ ،(٥٧/٥‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(٦٠/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﲰﻪ‪ :‬ﺻﺨﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺮﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻱ‪،  ،‬‬
‫ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻀ‪‬ﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻛﺘﻢ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺪ ﺣ‪‬ﻨﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻋﻄﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٣٩٢‬‬

‫‪ -١١٣٤‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻧﻜﺢ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﺒﺔ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺁ ﹰﲦﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺟﺎﺋ ‪‬ﺰﺍ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -١١٣٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﻮﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺯﻭﺟﲏ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺇﻥ ﺧﻄﺐ)‪ (٤‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﱂ ﺗﺄﺫﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﰲ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫)‪(١٠(٩‬‬
‫ﺐ‬ ‫)ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳ‪‬ﺨ ﹶﻄ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺪ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻭﻋﺪﺍ‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١١٣٦‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻜ ﹺﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺑﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻣ ﹸﺔ ﺇﱃ‪/‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﺒﺘﻪ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -١١٣٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﲔ ﰒ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﰒ ﻃﻠﺒﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ‬
‫ﳍﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﱄ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺗﻨﺎﺯﻝ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻈﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺘﲔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ )‪ ،(١٤١٦/٣‬ﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(٤٣٣/٤‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﰲ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﺭﺛﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺯﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻴﺶ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺗﻮﰲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻮﺟ‪‬ﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻨﻔﱠﺬﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﺘﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻜﻦ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺗﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﺘﻮﰲ ﺑﺎﳉﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ )‪ ،(٧٥/١‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(٢٠٢/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ ﻻ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﳍﺎ‪ (١٤٨٠) ،‬ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ‪. ‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺧﻄﺒﻬﺎ ﻷﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﲞﻄﺒﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺪﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺍﻓﻘﺖ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﺄﺫﻧﺖ ﻟﻮﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٠٩-١٠٨/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٣٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٧٣‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )‪.(٢١١/٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٠٩/٦‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(٢٥٠/٩‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺧﻄﺐ ﺃﻭ ﳜﻄﺐ ﻷﻥ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳜﻄﺐ ﺃﻭ ﲣﻄﺐ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﻘﻮﻃﺔ‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺃﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳜﻄﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺄﺫﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٠٩/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١١٠‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻋﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺧﻄﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﺭﺟﻼ ﻓﻼ ﳜﻄﺐ"‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﺮﺭﺕ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٠٩/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢١١/٧‬‬
 ‫‪٣٩٣‬‬

‫ﲔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺖ ﰒ ﺳﺄﻟﺖ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺟﻞ)‪ (٣‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ﹶﻞ‬
‫‪ -١١٣٨‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮﻓﹶﺖ ﺃﻧﻪ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‪ ..‬ﹸﺃﺟ‪‬ﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪ (٤)/‬ﰲ ﻓﺮﺍﻗﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻷﺟﻞ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺟﻞ ﺗﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﳊﻖ ﱂ ﳚﺐ ﳍﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻷﺟﻞ ﺗﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﳊﻖ ﻗﺪ ﻭﺟﺐ ﳍﺎ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﻓﻴﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻠﻔﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻜ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪ ..‬ﹸﺃﺭﹺﻳﻬﺎ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻧﺴﻮﺓ ﻋﺪﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺛﻴ‪‬ﺒﺎ‪..‬‬ ‫‪ -١١٣٩‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ )ﺃﻥ ﳛﻠﻔﻬﺎ‪ (٦‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﺻﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﺬ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﺓ)‪ (٧‬ﻗﺪ ﺗﻌﻮﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺝ)‪ (٩‬ﻟﻮ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ)‪.(١٠‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﺎ ﳜﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺟﻞ‪ ..‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻏﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﳊﺸﻔﺔ؛ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻳ‪‬ﺤﺼﻨﻬﺎ)‪ (٨‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻠﱡﻬﺎ ﻟﺰﻭ ﹴ‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻜﺤﻬﺎ ﻭ)‪ (١٢‬ﻫﻮ ﳎﺒﻮﺏ‪ ..‬ﺧ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺆﺟﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -١١٤٠‬ﻓﻠﻮ)‪ (١١‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ﹶﻞ ﰒ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳋﺼﻲ ﺍ‪‬ﺒﻮﺏ)‪.(١٤) (١٣‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١١٠/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٩٩/٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٩١‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٥٤/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺯﺍﺩ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺟﻠﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٧٦‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪" (٥‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﲔ ﺣﱴ ﳜﺘﱪ" ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(١١٠/٦‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻷﰊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪ (٦٧٢‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻘﻂ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪" :(٢٠٣/٣‬ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﺔ ﲢﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺣﻖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ‪‬ﺓ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﺑﺎﻟ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﺎﻉ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ"‪ ،‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٥٤/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺣﻠﻔﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺎﺭﺓ ﻭ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﺬﺭ‪‬ﺍ ُﺀ ﺑﺎﳌﺪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺬﹶﺍ ‪‬ﺭِﻯ ﺑﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﻛﺴﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﺬﺭ‪‬ﺍﻭﺍ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﺬ ‪‬ﺭ ﹸﺓ ﺑﻮﺯﻥ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﳐﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ )ﻉ ﺫ ﺭ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳛﺼﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٨‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ :(١١١/٦‬ﳛﺼﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﳛﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﺟﻊ ﻟﻸﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١١١/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٢٤٦‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٥٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﳋﺼﻲ ﺍ‪‬ﺒﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﺰﻋﺖ ﺧﺼﻴﺘﺎﻩ ﻭﻗﻄﻊ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١١١/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٣٩٤‬‬

‫‪ -١١٤١‬ﻓﻠﻮ)‪ (١‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ﹶﻞ ﺧﺼﻲ ﻏﲑ ﳎﺒﻮﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻜﺤﻬﺎ ﻏﲑ ﳎﺒﻮﺏ‪/٥٥)/‬ﺏ(‪ ..‬ﱂ ﲣﲑ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺆﺟﻞ‬

‫ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﲔ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١١٤٢‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺒﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﳌﺬﺍﻛ ‪‬ﲑ ]ﻣﻨﻪ[‪ (٣) ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺬﺍﻛﲑ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺜﻴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﺼﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺔ ﻭﺗﺒﻘﻰ)‪ (٥‬ﺍﳌﺬﺍﻛﲑ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١١٤٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﳋﻨﺜﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺒﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ)‪ (٧‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ‬
‫ﻓﺒﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻣﻔﺴﻮﺥ؛ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺒﻮﻝ)‪.(٩) (٨‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ ..‬ﻧﻜﺢ ﺑﺄﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﺷﺎﺀ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﻜ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -١١٤٤‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺸﻜ ﹰ‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﺣﻜﻤﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻜﺢ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ‬
‫ﻧﻜﺢ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﻜ ﹰ‬ ‫‪ -١١٤٥‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -١١٤٦‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺑﲔ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻜﺢ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺫﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﺍﳋﺼﻲ ﻏﲑ ﺍ‪‬ﺒﻮﺏ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﳍﺎ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﺇﻻ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١١١/٦‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﳍﺎ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٢٤٦‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻷﰊ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪ (٦٧٦‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(١٦٢/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﺍﳌﺬﺍﻛﲑ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﱰﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺗﱰﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﺘﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺗﺒﻘﻰ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺒﻘﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺯﺍﺩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١١٢/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٧‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻷﰊ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪.(٦٧٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١١٢/٦‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٧‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(٣٨٤-٣٨٣/٩‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﳋﻨﺜﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺩﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٩٠‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٠٣/٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣١١/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١١٢/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٧‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٣٨٤/٩‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٣٩٥‬‬

‫‪ -١١٤٧‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﺃﻣﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -١١٤٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻌﺒﺪﻩ‪@ :‬ﺍﻧﻜﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺌﺖ!‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺰﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﳍﺎ‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻋﺘﻖ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪ (٤)/‬ﺯﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ )ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪.(٦) (٥‬‬
‫‪ -١١٤٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﺃﺫﻥ ﻟﻌﺒﺪﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺰﻭﺝ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺄﺫﻭﻥ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻠﻌﺒﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﺻﺪﺍﻗﻬﺎ ﳑﺎ‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺄﺫﻭﻥ ﻟﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺴﺒﻪ ﻣﻬﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻔﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ)‪ (٨‬ﲡﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺪ ﻣﻨﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﺣﻖ ﺑﻨﻔﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺴﺒﻪ )‪ (١٠‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳌﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ‪» :‬ﻗﺪ‬‫‪ -١١٥٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺭﺟﻞﹴ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﹰﺓ ﺑﺄﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺘﻚ ﺯﻭﺟﻚ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻒ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺿﻤﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ« ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ؛ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ‬
‫ﺃ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (١٢‬ﻻ ﲤﻠﻜﻪ)‪ (١٣‬ﺇﻻ ﺑﻔﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪" (١‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻧﻜﺎﺣﻪ ﺣﱴ ﳚﺘﻤﻌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺫﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ"‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(١١٥/٦‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٢٢/٨‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺟﻨﺒﺘﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻗﻮﻳﺖ ﲟﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻜﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﳌﻜﺎﺗﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﻍ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻻ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٠٢/٧‬ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﻳﺬﻛﺮﺍ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١١٥/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٨٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٦٩-٢٦٨/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١١١‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻬﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻌﻴﲔ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﲔ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻣﻬﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﻓﺰﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺫﻣﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪(١١٥/٦‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٣٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٠١/٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٧٢/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳚﺐ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳏﺘﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﺍﻭﺭﺍﻩ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١١٦/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٣٠‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٩٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢١٦-٢١٥/٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪-٣٢٨/٦‬‬
‫‪.(٣٢٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳝﻠﻜﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٣٩٦‬‬

‫‪ | -١١٥١‬ﻗﺎﻝ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺑﺄﻟﻒ ﻭﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﰒ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺗﻄﻠﺐ ﺻﺪﺍﻗﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺑﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﲝﺎﻟﻪ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﱴ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻜﺖ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺍﻧﻔﺴﺦ ﻧﻜﺎﺣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﱴ ﺍﻧﻔﺴﺦ ﻧﻜﺎﺣﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﳍﺎ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻯ‬
‫ﻼ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‬
‫ﻼ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﱴ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﺎﻃ ﹰ‬‫ﺑﻼ ﲦﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﱴ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺑﻼ ﲦﻦ‪ ../‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﺎﻃ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺩﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻭﺟﺐ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﱴ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺗﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻃ ﹰ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺟﺐ ﳍﺎ‪ ..‬ﺍﻧﻔﺴﺦ ﻧﻜﺎﺣﻬﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﳍﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -١١٥٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻜﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻷﻣ ﹶﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺮﺓ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١١٥٣‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﻜﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻷﻣ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﻴﺔ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹶﺓ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﳍﺎ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ)‪ (٦‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻇﻨﻨﺘﻚ ﺣ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫‪ -١١٥٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﳍﺎ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١١٥٥‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﳍﺎ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ)‪.(٨‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺑﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﺇﻳﺎﻩ ﺑﺄﻟﻒ ﻻ ﺑﻌﲔ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪‬ﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻣﻔﺴﻮﺥ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١١٦/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٢٣٠‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻷﰊ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪ (٢١٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٣١/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺑﻜﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(١١٦/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١١٧/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٣٩‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻷﰊ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪ (٤٥٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(٢٨٥/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١١٧/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٣٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٨٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٨٨/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻏﲑ ﻫﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(١١٧/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ،(٣٩١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪" :(٢٠٩/٣‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺟﺰﻡ ﺑﻪ‪ ...‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺺ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ )‪ (١٨٥/٧‬ﻋﻦ ﻓﺘﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﻍ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﳐﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﳍﺎ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻇﻨﻨﺘﻚ ﺣﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﳍﺎ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻞ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮﺕ ﺑﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺟﺰﻡ ﺑﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﲏ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ"؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﺭ ﻛﺎﻟﻐﺰﺍﱄ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪" :(٣١٨/٦‬ﻷﻥ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺍﻟﺮﻕ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻀﺮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺈﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﲞﺪﻣﺘﻪ ﻭﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻨﻔﻖ ﺇﻻ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺴﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺗﻌﻴﲑ ﻭﻟﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﲨﻊ‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٣٩٧‬‬

‫ﻼ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟ ‪‬ﻮﹾﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﺣﺮﺍﺭ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﺣ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺕ ﺃﻣ ﹲﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -١١٥٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﺗ‪‬ﺒﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺮ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺳﻘﻄﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﻟﻴﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﻮﺍ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -١١٥٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﻏﲑ‪‬ﻫﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻊ‪ (٤)/‬ﺑﻘﻴﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ)‪ (٥‬ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﺼﺪﺍﻕ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -١١٥٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١١٥٩‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺗﺴﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻄﺄ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﻟﻴﺪﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺷﺮﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪$ :‬ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻄﺄ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ]ﻭﻟﻴﺪﺓ[ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻟﻴﺪﺓ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﻋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺃﻣﺴﻜﻬﺎ‪ ،(٨)#‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻻ ﳝﻠﻚ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﲝﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫ﻁ ﻷﺣ ‪‬ﺪ‪.(٩)#‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ‪$ :‬ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻄﹸﺄ ‪‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺷﺮ ﹲ‬
‫‪ -١١٦٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺎﻥ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺛﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﹰﻓﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﻠﻒ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪.(١١) (١٠)/‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻟﻔﺴﻖ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺭﺩ ﺑﻈﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻕ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﺃﻓﺤﺶ‪..‬‬
‫ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﻳﺪﻭﻡ ﻋﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻖ‪ ،‬ﲞﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺍﳊﺎﺻﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٠٩/٣‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١١٨-١١٧/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٥‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻷﰊ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪ (٦٢٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٣٩١‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٠٩/٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣١٩/٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١١٢‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١١٨/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٥‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻷﰊ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪ (٦٢٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٣٩١‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٠٩/٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣١٩/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١١٨/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٥‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻷﰊ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪ (٦٢٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪(٢٠٩/٣‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣١٩/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ (٦ :٦١٦/٢‬ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪. ‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻓﺎﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺴﺮﻯ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳝﻠﻚ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١١٩-١١٨/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٣٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٥٢٥/٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(٤١٤/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٧٦‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺗﺘﻨﺠﺰ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٢١-١٢٠/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪(٢٣٨‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٨٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٩١/٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٩٥/٦‬‬
‫‪ ٣٩٨‬‬

‫‪ -١١٦١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺁﱃ ﺃﻭ ﹶﻃﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻖ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﹰﻓﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -١١٦٢‬ﻭﻻ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﳍﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ)‪ (٢‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ )ﻓﺈﻥ ﳍﺎ‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١١٦٣‬ﻭﲤﻨﻊ)‪ (٥‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﻏﲑﻩ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ]ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ[ ﻭﺃﺑﺖ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﻠﻢ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻨﻘﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -١١٦٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﺃﺭﺍﺩ )ﻫﻮ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ (٨‬ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻬﺎ ﺗﺰﻭﻳﺞ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺧﺘﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳝﻨﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺳﻠﻢ‪ ..‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺃﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﺘﲔ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﻔﻮ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺳﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻣﻌﻔﻮ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‪/٥٦)/‬ﺏ( )‪.(٩‬‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻨﻴﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﻴﲔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺳﻠﻤﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪ -١١٦٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ)‪ ،(١٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮﺍﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺯﻭﺍﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺮﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﻤﺎﻟﻴﻚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ)‪.(١٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﺳﻘﻂ ﻻﻧﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻤﺔ ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻦ ﻃﻠﻖ ﺃﻭ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻏﲑ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٢٤/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٣٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٤٤/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٢٥/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٠‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻷﰊ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪ (٥١٩‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‬
‫)‪ (٢٨٨/٩‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ (١٢٧/٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (١٢٧/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٧٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﳝﻨﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(١٢٢/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﰲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٢٢/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٤٥/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩﻳﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮﺍﻧﻴﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٢٣-١٢٢/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٤٣/٧‬‬
 ‫‪٣٩٩‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪ -١١٦٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻨﻴﲔ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﺍﻧﻘﻄﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻤﺔ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -١١٦٧‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺳﻠﻤﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ)‪.(٥)(٤‬‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫‪ -١١٦٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮﺍﻥ ﺟﺎﺯ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﹾﻗﺘ‪‬ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻓﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﹸﺃﹾﻟ ﹺﺰ ‪‬ﻡ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﳌﻐﻠﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺼ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ )ﺗﺮﺟﻊ(‬ ‫ﲏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﺛ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -١١٦٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻮﹰﻓﺎ؛‪ (١٠)/‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (١١‬ﺃﺳﻠﻤﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ)‪ (١٢‬ﺷﻲﺀ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﺴﻠﻢ)‪ ..(١٣‬ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻤ ﹸﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪ ﹶﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮ ﹺﻡ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ)‪.(١٤‬‬
‫ﻒ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -١١٧٠‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ﹸﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻘﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﳍﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻓﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗﺒ‪‬ﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺃﺳﻠﻤﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻬﺮ ﳍﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻓﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒﻠ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٢٥/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪١٤٣/٧‬‬
‫ﻭ‪.(١٥١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﻭﻻ ﻧﺼﻒ ﳍﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺳﺦ ﻇﻦ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺳﻘﻄﹰﺎ ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻬﺪ ﰲ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٣٠-١٢٩/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ١٤٣/٧‬ﻭ‪.(١٥١‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(١٢٣/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺳﻠﻤﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﻳﺮﺟﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١١٣‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﲢﺘﻤﻞ ﺗﺴﻠﻢ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(١٢٤-١٢٣/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(١٢٤/٦‬‬
‫‪ ٤٠٠‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﻄﲏ‬
‫ﺖ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﺳﻠﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١١٧١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ؛ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﻠﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺃﺳﻠﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١١٧٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺳﻠﻤﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﳍﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻣﺘﻌﺔ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺃﺳﻠﻤﺎ ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﻓﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪ -١١٧٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺍﺩﻋﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺑﻞ ﺃﺳﻠﻤﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫‪ -١١٧٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻗﻮﳍﺎ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴ‪‬ﻨﺔ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺒﻄﻞ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺗﺴﻠﻢ)‪ (٨‬ﻗﺒﻠﻪ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١١٧٥‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺟﺎﺀﺍ)‪ (١٠‬ﻣﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺣﺪﻧﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺼﺪﻕ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ)‪ (١١‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -١١٧٦‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺣﺪﻧﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﳍﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ ..‬ﺍﻧﻔﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺑﺈﻗﺮﺍﺭﻩ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻨﻔﺴﺦ)‪ (١‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺼﺪﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ ﻭﺃﻏﺮﻡ‬
‫ﺣﻠﻒ)‪ (٣‬ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻬﻤﺎ ]ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ[ ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺍ ُﻷﻡ )‪ :(١٢٥/٦‬ﻭﱂ ﺗ‪‬ﻌﻄ‪‬ﲏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪" (٢‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺄﰐ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ"‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٢٥/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٧٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(١٢٥/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(١٢٥/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٢٦-١٢٥/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٠‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (١٢٨/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٧٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺀﺍﻧﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٢٦/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ :‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻣﻨﻔﺴﺦ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺘﺼﺎﺩﻗﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌ‪‬ﺎ"‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢٤٠‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪(١٢٩/٨‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺻﺤﻬﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٧٣/٧‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻇﻬﺮﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٤٠١‬‬

‫‪ -١١٧٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪ /‬ﺍﺭﺗﺪ)‪ (٥‬ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺪﺍ ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳊﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﳊﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻨﻴﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻮﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻮﻟﺔ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺗ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻳﻌﻘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺷﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺇﺷﺎﺭ ﹰﺓ ﺗ‪‬ﻌﺮﻑ)‪،(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١١٧٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﺪ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﺱ)‪ (٧‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ)‪ (٨‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺼﻠﻲ)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‪ ..‬ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻧﻄﻖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺄﻗﺮ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﺃﻟﺰﻣﻨﺎﻩ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻗﺮ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ)‪ ..(٢‬ﺟﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﳍﺎ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻃﺊ ﺍﳌﺮﺗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻨﻘﻀﻲ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪ -١١٧٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻤﻞ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪/‬‬
‫)‪.(٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻔﺴﻮﺥ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲢﺘﻤﻞ ﳛﻠﻒ ﻭﲢﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲢﻠﻒ‪ .‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﲢﻠﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٢٦/٦‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (١٢٩/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٧٤/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺗﺪﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻓﺘﺘﻨﺠﺰ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﻧﻘﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﲨﻌﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﺋﻬﺎ‪..‬ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﺑﺎﻥ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٢٨/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤١-٢٤٠‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻷﰊ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪ (٥٣٥‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‬
‫)‪ (٢٩٦-٢٩٥/٩‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (١٣٠/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٤٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﲢﺘﻤﻞ‪" :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ"‪ ،‬ﻭ‪" :‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﳏﺘﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺮﻑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪) :(١٢٩/٦‬ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻓﺈﻥ "ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﰐ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺇﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻼﰐ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺇﳝﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﳌﻌﻨ‪‬ﻰ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻩ‪ ..‬ﺟﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﺮﻗﻨﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﻣﻀﺖ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(١٢٩-١٢٨/٦‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻞ ﺗﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺣﱴ ﳓﻜﻢ ﺑﺈﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﺱ؟‬
‫ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٢٨٢/٨‬ﻳﺼﺢ ﺇﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﺱ ﺑﺎﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻔﻬﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳛﻜﻢ ﺑﺈﺳﻼﻣﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺼﻪ ﰲ »ﺍﻷﻡ«‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ‪ :‬ﺍ َﻷﻭ‪‬ﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﻦ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭ ﹸﺓ ﻣﻔﻬﻤ ﹰﺔ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٤٦٧/١٠‬ﻭﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(٣٦٣/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٤٠٢‬‬

‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺭﺟﻌﺔ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻌﺘﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻃﺊ‬ ‫‪ -١١٨٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ)‪ ..(٦‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺳﺪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳ ﹰﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺼﺮﺍﻧﻴ ﹰﺔ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺖ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺪﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ‪‬‬‫‪ -١١٨١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻢ)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ‪ ..‬ﻓﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﺪﺕ‪/‬‬ ‫‪ -١١٨٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺄﻫﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﺛﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ)‪ (٢‬ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻘﻀﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻨﻘﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﳏﺘﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻘﻀﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﺁﺧ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻏﲑ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻧﻜﺎﺣﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٢٩/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٢٤٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١١٤‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٢٩/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٤٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٢٩/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٤٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﲢﺖ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺗﺪﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺳﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻮﺛﻨﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺛﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﳎﻮﺳﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﻜﻤﻪ –ﻛﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ -‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻣﻔﺴﻮﺥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺳﻠﻤﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‪ ..‬ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ ﺁﺧﺮﺍﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺭﺟﻌﺖ ﺇﱃ )ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ( ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‪ ..‬ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﰲ ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(١٦٢/٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻠﺖ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺼﺮﺍﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(١٣٠/٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻠﺖ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٨٢/٨‬ﻭﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٤١/٧‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٤٠٣‬‬

‫‪ -١١٨٣‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺮﺍﻥ)‪ (٤‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺮ ]ﻛﻠﻪ[ ﻣﻠﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١١٨٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﻜ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﹰﺓ ﰲ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﻭﳘﺎ ﻣﺸﺮﻛﺎﻥ)‪(٥‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺖ‬
‫]ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ[‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‪ ..‬ﺑﻄﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١١٨٥‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﺇﻣﺎﺀ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻓﺄﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﺳﻠﻤﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺳ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﻨﻜﺎﺣﻬﻦ ﻛﻠﻬﻦ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺴ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﻻ ﳜﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺴ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﻻ ﳚﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﺰﻭﺝ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮﺓ ﻭﳜﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺖ‪ ..‬ﺃﻣﺴﻚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ؛ ﺃﻳﺘﻬﻦ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻔﺴﺦ )ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﻗﻲ‪.(١٠) (٩‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪ -١١٨٦‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺃﻡ ﻭﺍﺑﻨﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺑﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻨﻜﺎﺣﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﳏﺮﻡ ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺑﺎﻷﻡ ﻓﺎﻻﺑﻨﺔ ﺭﺑﻴﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻗﺪ ﺩﺧﻞ ]‪‬ﺎ)ﺯ([)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﺧﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺑﻨﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻣﺮﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺓ ﻗﺪ ﺩﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٧٧‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﳏﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﻭﻟﻠﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ ... :‬ﻛﺘﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﺛﲏ ﻭﺗﻨﺼﺮﻩ ﻭﲤﺠﺴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻗﻄﻌ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺎﳌﺮﺗﺪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺮ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﺒﺎﻃﻞ" ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٤١/٧‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(٨٢/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺸﺮﻛﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﻟﻪ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﻧﻜﺎﺣﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻩ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(١٣٤/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺘﺪﺉ ﻧﻜﺎﺣﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳓﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻩ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٣٤/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪.(١٤٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻳﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺑﺄﺭﺑﻊ ﺇﻣﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺃ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻠﻚ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﺍﻗﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٣٤/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٣٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ١٤٨/٧‬ﻭ‪.(١٥٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻨﻜﺎﺣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭﺍﻷﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﲏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(١٣٤/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٣٤/٦‬ﺳﻮﻯ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﻳﺴﲑﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ؛ ﻓﺈﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‪" :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ "...‬ﺑﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ "ﻛﻞ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‪" :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺑﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﳏﺮﻡ‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٤٠٤‬‬

‫‪ -١١٨٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺑﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳝﺴﻚ ﺍﻻﺑﻨﺔ‪/٥٧)/،‬ﺏ( ﻭﻻ ﳝﺴﻚ ﺍﻷﻡ‪،‬‬
‫]ﻭﺍﻷﻡ ﳏﺮﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﻻﺑﻨﺔ[‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﻡ )ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﺃﻭ ﺁﺧ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪(١‬؛ ﻷﱐ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺯ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﲝﺎﻝ ﺟﺎﺯ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﻻﺑﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻷﻡ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺑﺎﻷﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻨﺖ)‪ (٢‬ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺒﻬﻤﺔ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -١١٨٨‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺃﻡ ﻭﺍﺑﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻭﻃﺌﻬﻤﺎ ﲟﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‪ ..‬ﺣﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻃﺄﳘﺎ ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻭﻃﺊ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ..‬ﺣﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻁﺀ ﺍﻻﺑﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻭﻃﺊ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺖ‪ ..‬ﺣﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻁﺀ ﺍﻷﻡ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺃﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،"...‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻝ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ "ﻓﻨﻜﺎﺣﻬﻤﺎ ﳏﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ" ﻓﻴﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫ﻻ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ؛ ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﲢﺮﻡ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺑﺎﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺄﰐ‪:‬‬
‫• ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺩﺧﻞ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﺣﺮﻣﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺑﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﺛﺒﺖ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺪﻓﻊ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻨﺖ ﻭﺣﺪﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺛﺒﺖ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺖ ﻭﺍﻧﺪﻓﻌﺖ ﺍﻷﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫• ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺑﺎﻷﻡ ﻭﺣﺪﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺣﺮﻣﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺖ ﺃﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﻡ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻻﻧﺪﻓﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻷﰊ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪ (٤٨٩-٤٨٧‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٤٤٠‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ (١٠٧/٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬
‫)‪ (١٠٨-١٠٧/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٥٨-١٥٧/٧‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٣٨‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ) ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ‪‬ﻤﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻻﺑﻨﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٣٤/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٣٨‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻭﱃ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ" ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﳜﲑ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺤﺢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٤١٩/١٧‬ﻭﺗﺒﻌﻪ ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٤٢٠/١٧‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺇﻧﻪ )ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ( ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻭﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻷﰊ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪ (٤٨٨-٤٨٧‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٤٤٠‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ‬
‫)‪ (١٠٧/٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (١٠٨/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٥٧/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٣٤/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻮﻁﺀ ﰲ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﲢﺮﱘ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﻮﺀﺓ ﻭﺑﻨﺘﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ (١١٢/٧‬ﻭﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٧٧/٣‬‬
 ‫‪٤٠٥‬‬

‫‪ -١١٨٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺃﺧﺘﺎﻥ)‪ ،(٢)/(١‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﺧﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﻋﻤﺘﻬﺎ؛ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻃ ﹶﺊ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﻄﺄ‪..‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺃﻳﺘﻬﻦ ﺷﺎﺀ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪] -١١٩٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻣﺔ ﲢﺖ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻓﺎﻋﺘﻘﺎ ﻣﻌﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﳍﺎ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ[)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١١٩١‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﹸﺃﻋﺘﻘﺖ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻭﱂ ﲣﺘﺮ)‪ (٧‬ﺣﱴ ﻋﺘﻖ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﳍﺎ)‪ (٨‬ﺧﻴﺎﺭ)‪(٩‬؛ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮ ﹶﺓ ﻻ ﲣﲑ ﲢﺖ ﺍﳊﺮ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١١٩٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻣﺴﻚ ﺃﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪ ..‬ﺍﻧﻔﺴﺦ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﻗﻲ ﺑﻼ ﻃﻼﻕ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -١١٩٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (١٢‬ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ)‪ (١٣‬ﻭﲢﺘﻪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻓﺄﺳﻠﻢ)‪ (١‬ﻣﻨﻬﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ‬
‫ﳚﱪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ ﻭﺇﺳﻼﻡ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ‪ ..‬ﺧ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺲﲬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﲬﺲ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١١٩٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻓﺄﺳﻠﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ]ﻻ[ ﺃﺧﺘﺎﺭ‪..‬‬
‫ﺣﺒﺲ ﺣﱴ ﳜﺘﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﳍﻦ ﺑﻌﻘﺪ ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻡ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١١٥‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٣٥/٦‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٤١٩/١٧‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٤٣٩‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٩٩/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٥٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٣٧/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٩٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻋﺘﻖ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﻭﱂ ﲣﺘﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٣٧/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٩٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٣٨/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٣٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٦٥/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺳﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳜﲑ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٤٠٦‬‬

‫‪ -١١٩٥‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﱃ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫‪ -١١٩٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻣﺘﻨﻊ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﺒﺲ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺘﺎﺭ‪ ..‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﺭ ﻭﺣﺒﺲ ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺣﱴ ﳜﺘﺎﺭ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻔﻴﻖ ﻓﻴﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻦ‬ ‫‪ -١١٩٧‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺫﻫﺐ ﻋﻘﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺣﺒﺴﻪ‪ ..‬ﺧﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻖ‬
‫ﳝﻮﺕ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -١١٩٨‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻮ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺘﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺮﻧﺎﻫﻦ ﲨﻴ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺘﺪﺩﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺍﻷﺟﻠﲔ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﻋﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ )ﺛﻼﺙ ﺣﻴﺾ‪.(٩) (٨‬‬
‫ﺍﺻﻄﻠﺤﻦ ﲬﺲ)‪ ..(١‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻋﻄ‪‬ﲔ ﺭﺑﻊ ﺍﳌﲑﺍﺙ)‪(٢‬؛‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪ -١١٩٩‬ﻭﻳﻮﻗﻒ ﻣﲑﺍﺛﻬﻦ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺼﻄﻠﺤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻂ)‪ (٥‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﺴﺎ)‪ ..(٣‬ﻗﺪ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺻﺎﺭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﳍﺎ ﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﳌﲑﺍﺙ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶ‬
‫ﻷ‪‬ﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﻦ ﲬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﺿﻰ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﳋﻤﺲ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻟﻠﺜﻼﺛﺔ)‪.(٨‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٤١/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٣٩‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٢٨٥/٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٦٩/٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪.(٣٨٩‬‬
‫)‪" (٢‬ﻭﻻ ﳜﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻤﺘﻨﻊ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﺷﻬﻮﺓ" ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٤١/٦‬ﲝﺮﻭﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٢٣٩‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٢٨٥/٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٦٩/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٤١/٦‬ﲝﺮﻭﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ( ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٢٨٥/٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٦٩/٧‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻧﻔﻖ )ﻟﻌﻠﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻧﻔﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻔﻖ(‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٤١/٦‬ﻭﺃﻧﻔﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٤١/٦‬ﲝﺮﻭﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٦٩/٧‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺘﺪﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺣﻴﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭﺍﻷﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٤١/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻮﻝ ‪‬ﺎ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳊﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻮﻝ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫)‪( ٩‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻏﲑ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻣﻞ‪ ..‬ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٦٩/٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٣٨٩‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
 ‫‪٤٠٧‬‬

‫‪ -١٢٠٠‬ﻭﻟﻠﺰﻭﺝ ﺃﻥ‪ /‬ﳜﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﺕ)‪(٩‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﺕ‪ ..‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﲑﺍﺛﻬﻦ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﻱ‪ (٢)/‬ﻧﻜﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﺡ ﻛﺎﻥ؛ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫‪ -١٢٠١‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (١‬ﻧﻜﺢ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﹰﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺑﻐ ﹺﲑ ﺷﻬﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟﻲﹴ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ‪ -‬ﰒ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫‪-‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ]ﻗﺪ[ ﻳﻨﻜﺤﻮﻥ ﺃﺟﻮﺯ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺋ ‪‬ﺰﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‪ ..‬ﺛﺒﺘﺎ)‪ (٤‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﲬﺲ ﻧﺴﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﲦﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻔﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻌﻄﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻟﻠﺜﻼﺙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺿﺢ ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺪ‬
‫ﷲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﲦﺎ ‪‬ﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺭﺑﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺎﺕ ﻻ ﺭﺑﻊ ﻣﲑﺍﺙ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﻻ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻷﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻴﻘﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻦ ﺭﺑﻊ ﻣﲑﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻓﻮﻗﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻮﻙ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﻌﻄﻰ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺮﺿﻰ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺣﻖ ﳍﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﲑﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(١٧٠/٧‬ﻭﻫﻞ‬
‫ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﱪﺋﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ؟ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺴﺒﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ؛ ﻟﺘﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﳋﺼﻮﻣﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺻﺤﻬﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﻻ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ..‬ﻳﻌﻄﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻟﻠﺜﻼﺙ ﻭﻳﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺄ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﺻﻄﻠﺤﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻁ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻓ ﹺﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻦ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪" :(٢٠٠/٣‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﻘﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﲟﺎ ﺃﺧﺬ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﲤﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺣ ﱢﻘ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻦ ﺑﻨﺎ ًﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺸﺘﺮ ﹸ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﺮﹾﺋ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ؛ ﻷﻧﺎ ﺗﻴ ﱠﻘ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﺍﳌﺪﻓﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻜﱠﻠ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻦ ﺑﺪﻓ ﹺﻊ‬
‫ﻁ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻖ ﺁﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٠٧/٦‬‬‫ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﻖ ﺇﻟﻴﻬ ‪‬ﻦ ﺇﺳﻘﺎ ﹸ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺞ ﻟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺘﺒﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻗﻮ ﹲﻝ ﻻ ﻭﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹺﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﺃﻗﻮﻯ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺟﺤﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﹼﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﺎﻉ ﻣﲑﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺜﻼﺙ ﺍﻟﻼﰐ ﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٤١/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬ ‫)‪ (٨‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٧٠/٧‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﱪﺋﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺭﺟﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﳌﲑﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(١٤٢/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٧٧‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٤٠٨‬‬

‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﻣﺘﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ‪ ..‬ﱂ‬ ‫‪ -١٢٠٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻧﻜﺤﻬﺎ‪/‬‬
‫ﳚﺰ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻧﻜﺎ ‪‬ﺣﺎ)‪ (٩‬ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ ﰒ‬ ‫) ‪(٨‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﹰﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴِﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻃﺎ ‪‬ﻭﻋ‪‬ﺘﻪ ﻓﺄﺻﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﱂ‬
‫‪ -١٢٠٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻏﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﺃﺳﻠﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻘﺪ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ‪ ..‬ﹸﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٠٤‬ﻭﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﺇﺫﺍ ﲢﺎﻛﻤﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٠٥‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ : ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺭﺟﻢ ﻳﻬﻮﺩ‪‬ﻳﺎ ﻭﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺔ)‪.(٢)(١‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٠٦‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺁﱃ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﺣﺴﺒﺖ)‪ (٤‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪ (١‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻀﻰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﻭﺍﻷﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺛﺒﺘﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ( ﻭﺍﻷﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻂ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻣﻔﺴﺪ‪..‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٤٣/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٤٥/٧‬ﻭ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺿﺎﺑ ﹶ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﲝﻴﺚ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻧﻜﺎﺣﻬﺎ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ًﺀ‪ ..‬ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺪﻭﺍ‬ ‫‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻈﺮ‪‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺯﺍﺋ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﺴﺎﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﻧﻘﻄﺎﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻔﺴﺪ ﺑﺎﻗﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﲝﻴﺚ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﻧﻜﺎﺣﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻳﻨﺪﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١١٦‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٤٢/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (/٧‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺪﻭﺍ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺔ ﻣﺆﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ..‬ﺍﻗﺮﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺑﻂ ﰲ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﱂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻧﻜﺎﺡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٤٣/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٤٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﺔ ﻭﺇﺣﺼﺎ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،(٦٨٤١) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ :‬ﺭﺟﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﱏ )‪.(١٦٩٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٤٤/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٥١-١٥٠/٧‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ‪" :‬ﻳﺼﺢ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺯﻭﺝ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬
‫ﳐﺘﺎﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﺴﺐ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٤٠٩‬‬

‫‪ -١٢٠٧‬ﻭﻟﻮ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻈ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ)‪ ..(٤‬ﺃﻟﺰﻣﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫)‪(٧‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻜ ﱢﻔ ‪‬ﺮ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ‪ ..‬ﺣ ِ‬ ‫‪ -١٢٠٨‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﹶﻛ ﱠﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻈ ‪‬ﻬ ﹺﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٠٩‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮ ﻻ ﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﷲ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٢١٠‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺬﻓﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﰒ ﺃﺳﻠﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﺍﻓﻌﺎ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﱪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳛﺪ ﺇﻥ ﱂ‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﻟﻮ ﺃﻗﺮﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻧﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﺑﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺘﻌﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺆﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﻟﺘﻌﺎﻥ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫)‪(٣) (٢‬‬
‫)ﺟﻞ ﺛﻨﺎﺅﻩ‪]  ~  } |  :(١‬ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ‪ ،[٤ :‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﶈﺼﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٤٥/٦‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٨٨/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٤٤/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٣٠/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﻈﺎﻫﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺎﻣﺸﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٤٥/٦‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٨٨/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٦٢/٨) (١٤٤/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻈﻬﲑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺣﺴﺒﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٦٢/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻌﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﰒ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻌﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﺍﶈﺼﻨﺎﺕ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﰲ ﻫﺎﻣﺸﻬﻤﺎ‪" :‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻮﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﶈﺼﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺎﺕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪. ( ٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٤٥/٦‬ﻳﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٥٠-٣٤٩/٨‬‬
‫‪ ٤١٠‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﺑﺼﺪﺍﻕ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺪﻓﻌﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ‬ ‫‪ -١٢١١‬ﻭﻟﻮ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺻﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﲔ ﰒ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ)‪ ،(٢‬ﰒ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﻭﺭﺛﺘﻬﺎ ﺻﺪﺍﻗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲰﻰ ﳍﺎ ﺃﻭ‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﲟﺎ ﻓﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﳍﻢ ]ﻣﻨﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ[؛ ﻷﱐ ﻻ ﺃﻗﻀﻲ ﻟﺒﻌﻀﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺮﺏ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺃﻓﺴﺦ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎﻛﺢ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﻮﻥ ﰒ ﺃﺳﻠﻤﻮﺍ‪ ..‬ﱂ‬ ‫‪ -١٢١٢‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻧﻜﺢ)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩﻱ)‪ (٨‬ﻧﺼﺮﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﳎﻮﺳﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺛﻨﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﻻ ﻳﻔﺴﺦ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ)‪ (٩‬ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺳﻠﻤﻮﺍ‪/٥٨)/‬ﺏ(‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻧﺴ‪‬ﺒﺎ)‪ (١٠‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -١٢١٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﻜﺢ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪ ﰲ ﺍﺭﺗﺪﺍﺩﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻨﻜﺎﺣﻪ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﻜﺤﺖ)‪.(٢)(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﻘﻮﻁ ﺃﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ( ﻭﺍﻷﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٤٥/٦‬ﻳﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٥٤/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﱂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻜﺢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٤٧-١٤٦/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤١‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(٣٠٤-٣٠٣/٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٤٨/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٤٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﳊﻴﺾ"‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٤١١‬‬

‫)‪i#6 P‬و‪=d‬א ‪ (١`7‬‬

‫‪ -١٢١٤‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻭﺟ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺃﹶﺑﻮﻫﺎ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﻛﺒﲑﺓ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ (٤)/‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺣﲔ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻐﺮﻫﺎ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻓﺮﻕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺑﲔ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍ َﻷﻳ‪ ‬ﹺﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻜﺮﹺ؛ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺮ ‪‬ﺗﺴﺘﺄﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ َﻷﻳ‪ ‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﻖ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٢١٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ : ‬ﻭﺁﻣﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺑﻨﺎ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،(٨)#‬ﻓﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭ]ﻗﺎﻝ‪ [:‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﻤﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﺓ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪. _^ ] :(١٠) ‬‬

‫ﺝ ﺍﻷﺑﻜﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻵﺑﺎ ُﺀ)‪.(١١‬‬

‫‪ -١٢١٦‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ)‪(١‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﻌﻞ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ)‪.(٣)(٢‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺗ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -١٢١٧‬ﻭﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻜ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ )‪/١٠٦‬ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٧/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٥٣/٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٧٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٤٩/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١١٧‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﲎ ﺑﺎﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺗﺴﻊ ﺳﻨﲔ‪ ،(٥١٥٨) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺗﺰﻭﻳﺞ ﺍﻷﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‪.(١٤٢٢) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻨﻜﺢ ﺍﻷﺏ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻴﺐ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺮﺿﺎﳘﺎ‪،(٥١٣٦) ،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺌﺬﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻄﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻜﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻜﻮﺕ‪ (١٤١٩) ،‬ﻭ)‪.(٤١٢١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٤٩٠٥ :٥٠٥/٨‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ ،(١٠٣١١ :١٤٩/٦‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،(٢٠٩٥) ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ ١١٥/٧‬ﻭ‪.(١١٦‬‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﳏﻘﻘﻮ ﺍﳌﺴﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪" :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﺳﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺭﺟﺎﻟﻪ ﺛﻘﺎﺕ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﲔ ﻏﲑ ﺃﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻕ ﹸﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺗﺸ ‪‬ﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﲢﺴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﺗﺒ‪‬ﻴﻦ ﺃﻥ ﳍﺎ ﺃﺻ ﹰ‬
‫‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭﱠﺛ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﻃﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ )‪.(١٤٨٦ :٦٧٧/٣‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﺓ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻭ ﺯﺍﺋﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﲝﺬﻓﻬﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.  :‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٧/٦‬ﻭﺍﳉﺪ ﻛﺎﻷﺏ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٥٤-٥٣/٧‬‬
‫‪ ٤١٢‬‬

‫‪ad’6 P‬א(‪OR‬وא ‪ 1‬ع‪ E٤F‬‬

‫ﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪ -١٢١٨‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ]‪ :[‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ‪‬ﺓ ﻧﻜﺤﻬﺎ ﺭﺟﻞ‪ ..‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ)‪ (٥‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺟﺪﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﺃﺑﻴﻪ؛ ﺩﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ]‪‬ﺎ[ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٢١٩‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺪ‪‬ﻩ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎ ﹺﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎ ِﺀ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺳﻔﻠﻮﺍ)‪(٧‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﺓ ﲡﻤﻌﻬﻢ)‪ (٨‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٢٠‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﳛﺮﻣﻦ)‪ (١٠‬ﹸﻛﱡﻠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﺑﺎ ِﺀ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺑﻨﺎﺀ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺀ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻣﻬﺎﺕ ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻪ ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻪ ﺍﻟﻼﰐ ﺩﺧﻞ ‪‬ﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‬ ‫‪ -١٢٢١‬ﻭ]ﳛﺮﻡ[ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬
‫ﻓﺄﺻﻴﺐ)‪،(١٤) (١٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٢٢‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ)‪ (١٥‬ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻧﺎ)‪ ..(١٦‬ﻓﻼ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻟﻠﺰﻧﺎ)‪ (١٧‬ﳛﺮﻡ ﺣﻼ ﹰﻻ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲡﺐ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪. ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻧﺺ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٧/٦‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٥٤-٥٣/٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(١٤٩/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺻﻔﺔ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﰲ )‪/٨١‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳛﺮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﲢﺮﻡ ﺯﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺳﻔﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٨٨/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١١١/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻔﻠﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳚﻤﻌﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﲢﺮﻡ ﺯﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﺏ ﻭﺍﻷﺟﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﻠﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺏ ﻭﺍﻷﻡ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٨٨/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١١١/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳛﺮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٨٩/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١١١/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٨٨/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١١١/٧‬‬ ‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﺰﻧﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٧‬‬
 ‫‪٤١٣‬‬

‫‪ -١٢٢٣‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺯﱏ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺑﺎﻣﺮﺃﺓ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﲢﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻮ ﺯﻧﺎ ﺑﺄﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺑﻨﺔ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﲢﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٢٤‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻮ ﺯﱏ ﺑﺄﺧﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ‪] ..‬ﱂ ﲢﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ[)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺡ ﻓﺎﺳ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﺩﺧ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﺣﺮﻣﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﹸﺃﻣ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ‪..‬‬ ‫‪ -١٢٢٥‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺗﺰﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ًﹰﺓ ﺑﻨﻜﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﱂ ﲢﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹲﺓ‪ /‬ﻣﻨﻬﻦ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٢٦‬ﻭﳛﺮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﻉ‪ ..‬ﻣﺎ ﳛﺮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺐ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٢٧‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺳﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻁﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﳉﺎﺋﺰ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٢٨‬ﻭﻻ ﳛﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻜﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻡ ]ﺍﻟﱵ[ ﺃﺭﺿﻌﺘﻪ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺳﻔﻠﻦ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺕ‪/‬‬
‫)ﺑﻨﻴﻬﺎ()‪ (١٠‬ﻭﺑﻨﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻟﺪﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻣﻬﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﺧﻮﺍ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻦ ﺧﺎﻻﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺧﺎﻻ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻦ ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺎﺕ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻣﻪ ﻭﺧﺎﻻﺕ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻣﻪ)‪.(١٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٩٨/٦‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺣﺮﻡ ﲝﺮﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﻼﻝ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﳊﻼﻟﻪ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻧﻌﻤﺘﻪ ﲟﺎ ﺃﺑﺎﺡ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻭﺃﻭﺟﺐ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳊﻼﻝ‪ ...‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ ﻻ ﳛﺮﻡ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺮﻡ ﺍﳊﻼﻝ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١١١/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٩٨/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١١٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٤٠١/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٠/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١١٢-١١١/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٠/٦‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺺ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ )‪ (٢٦٤٥‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪:١٠٧٠/٢‬‬
‫‪.(١٤٤٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻁﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺳﺪ ﻻ ﳎﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١١٢/٧‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(١١١/٧‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺳﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻫﺮﺓ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﺣﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﻮﺣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻓﺮﻉ ﳊﻠﻬﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻭﺑﻨﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻔﻠﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١١٨‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻨﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ :(٧١/٦‬ﺑﻨﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻷ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﺧﻮﺍﺗﻪ ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﺇﺧﻮﺗﻪ ﻭﺃﺧﻮﺍﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧١/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٠٩/٧‬‬
‫‪ ٤١٤‬‬

‫ﹺﺑﹶﻠ‪‬ﺒﻨﹺﻪ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺃﻣﻬﺎﺗ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺃﺧﻮﺍﺗ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ )ﻋﻤﺎﺗ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫‪(٢‬‬

‫)ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﻌ‪‬ﺖ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٢٩‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ )ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ(‬
‫ﻭﺧﺎﻻﺗ‪‬ﻪ‪ (٤‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﻋﺔ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻼ)‪ ..(٦‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺰﻭﺝ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓﹶ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﳍﺎ ﺍﺑﻨﺔ‪..‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٣٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺿﻌﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻀﺎ)‪.(٨‬‬ ‫ﺗﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺃﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪] -١٢٣١‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺿﻌﺔ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ[)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٣٢‬ﻭﻻ ﳛﺮﻡ ]ﻣﻦ[ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﻉ ﺇﻻ ﲬﺲ ﺭﺿﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﺎﺕ؛ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺿﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﻟﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﰒ ﻳﻘﻄ ‪‬ﻊ‬
‫ﻉ )ﰒ ﻳﺮﺿ ‪‬ﻊ ﰒ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ‪ ،(١٠‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺿﻌﺘﻪ ﰲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻭﺻ ﹶﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻮﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻗ ﱠﻞ ﺃﹶﻭ ﹶﻛﹸﺜ ‪‬ﺮ‪..‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻲ ﺭﺿﻌﺔ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﲟﱰﻟ ‪‬ﺔ ﲬﺲ ﺭﺿﻌﺎﺕ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻂ)‪ (١) (١٣‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﹸﻭ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﺮ)‪ (٢‬ﲬ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٣٣‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (١٢‬ﺃﹸﺳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﱭ ﺇﺧﻮﺓ ﻟﻠﺮﺿﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺭﺿﻌﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٧١/٦‬ﻁ‪ .‬ﺭﻓﻌﺖ( "ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺭﺿﻌﺘﻪ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻪ" ﻭﰲ )ﻁ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‬
‫)‪" :(٢٦/٥‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺭﺿﻌﺘﻪ ﻟﺒﻨﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﳏﻘﻖ ﻃﺒﻌﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺶ ﺃﻥ ﰲ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ )ﻟﺒﻨﻪ( ﺑﺪﻝ )ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻪ( ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﰲ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻧﺴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﺛﺒﺖ )ﻟﺒﻨﻪ( ﻟﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺧﺎﻻﺗﻪ ﻭﻋﻤﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧١/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٠٩/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﻟﻮﺩ‪‬ﺍ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ ﻭﻋﱪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻣﻬﺎ؛ "ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﱂ ﺗﺮﺿﻌﻪ ﻫﻮ" ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧١/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١١٠/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﻋﺔ ﻛﺎﻷﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﳏﺮﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﳏﺮﻡ ﳍﺎ ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ‬
‫)‪.(٧١/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﰒ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﰒ ﻳﺮﺿﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٦/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٨-٧/٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻂ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٤١٥‬‬

‫‪ -١٢٣٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪] 
     : ‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،[٢٣ :‬ﻭﻗﻠﻴ ﹸﻞ‬

‫ﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺭﺿﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -١٢٣٥‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‪$ :‬ﲬﺲ ﺭﺿﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،(٤)#‬ﻭﻗﺎﻟﺖ)‪ (٦)/(٥‬ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤﺮ‪ ‬ﻡ ﺍﳌﺼ‪ ‬ﹸﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺍﳌﺼ‪‬ﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،(٧)#‬ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻻ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﲞﻤﺲ‪ #‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ ﰒ ﻧﺴﺨﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﻪ)‪ ..(٩‬ﺫﻫﺒﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪$ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ‪]  P  O :‬ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ [٣٨ :‬ﻣﻄﻠ ﹰﻘﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﰲ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻹﺳﻌﺎﻁ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺻﺐ ﺍﻟﻠﱭ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻧﻒ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺼﻞ ﻟﻠﺪﻣﺎﻍ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢٧٠‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(٢٨٧/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻹﳚﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺻﺐ ﺍﻟﻠﱭ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻠﻖ ﻗﻬﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪ ،(٦٠٩‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٨٧/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٦/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٦/٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ ﲞﻤﺲ ﺭﺿﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،(١٤٥٢) ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪$ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺲ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻮﰲ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﰒ ‪‬ﻧﺴﺨﻦ ﲞﻤ ﹴ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺭﺿﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻫﻦ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪.#‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٨١‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺭﻭﺍﺥ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺘﺎﻥ‪ (١٤٥٠) ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ‪. ‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻳﻜﲎ ﺑﺄﰊ ﺧﺒﻴﺐ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨ‪‬ﺎﻩ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺟﺪﻩ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﲰﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﲰﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﺎﺟﺮﺕ ﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺕ ﺑﻘﺒﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻮﻟﻮﺩ ﻟﻠﻤﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﺟﺪ‪‬ﺩ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳊ‪‬ﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻔﻲ ﲟﻜﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ )‪ ،(٩٠٥/٣‬ﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(١٣٨/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺑﻼ ﻭﺳﺎﻃﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (١٦١١٠‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﳛﺮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،(٣٣٠٩) ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺑﻦ ﲪﻴﺪ )‪.(٥٢٠‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻧﺴﺨﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٤١٦‬‬

‫ﱯ‬ ‫ﻼ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺜ ‪‬ﲑﺍ‪ ،(٢‬ﰒ ‪‬ﻭﱠﻗ ‪‬‬

‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻊ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ)‪ ،(١‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻗﺔ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ]ﻣﻦ[ ﺳﺮﻕ )ﻗﻠﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺕ)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﻼ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻊ ﺩﻳﻨﺎ ﹴﺭ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﻠﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ‪] ،‬ﻭ[ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺧﻮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﺄﻗﻴﺖ)‪ ،(٤‬ﰒ ‪‬ﻭﱠﻗﺘ‪‬ﺖ)‪ (٥‬ﻋﺎﺋﺸ ﹸﺔ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﱪﺕ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳑﺎ ﻧﺰﻝ ﺑﻪ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺁ‪‬ﻧﺎ)‪/٥٩)/(٧‬ﺏ( ]ﻳﻘﺮﺃ[‪ ..‬ﻓﺄﻗﻞ ﺣﺎﻻﺗﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻻ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﷲ ‪،(٩)# ‬‬ ‫ﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﻪ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،(٨)/‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪َ $ :‬ﻷ ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ‪‬ﻴﻦ‪ ‬ﺑﻴﻨﻜﻤﺎ ﹺﺑﻜﺘﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺤ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻮ ﻗﺮﺁ ﹰﻥ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٣٦‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﻉ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻮﻟﲔ)‪ (١١‬ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ :‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺧﻮﺍﻧﻜﻦ؛‬
‫ﻓﺈﳕﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﻋﺔ)‪ (١٢‬ﻣﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻋﺔ‪.(١٣)#‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳊﻮﻟﲔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳛﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﺭﺿﻌﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻮﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬ ‫‪ -١٢٣٧‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻊ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻮﻟﲔ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪$ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﺭﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﺭﻗﺔ‪(٦٧٨٩) ،#...‬‬
‫ﻭ)‪ (٦٧٩٠‬ﻭ)‪ ،(٦٧٩١‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻗﺔ ﻭﻧﺼﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪.(١٦٨٤) ،‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺜﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺧﻮﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﻮﻗﻴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﺮﺁﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١١٩‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺼﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺑﺴﻨﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٧٢٧٨‬ﻭ)‪ ،(٧٢٧٩‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻧﺎ‪ (١٦٩٧) ،‬ﻭ)‪.(١٦٩٨‬‬
‫ﺺ ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ؛ ﺇﻻ‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻗﻀﻰ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﲰﺎﻩ ﻗﻀﺎ ًﺀ ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٧٧-٧٦/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٨٠/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٧/٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺭﺿﺎﻉ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﻮﻟﲔ‪ ،(٥١٠٢) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻋﺔ‪.(١٤٥٥) ،‬‬
 ‫‪٤١٧‬‬

‫‪ -١٢٣٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٥‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﱭ ﻣﻦ ﺯ‪‬ﻧﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳛﺮﻡ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻷﺏ)‪.(٦‬‬

‫)‪(٩‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﳍﺎ ﻟﱭ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺯﻭﺟﹺﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻭﻃﺌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﹰﺓ‬ ‫‪ -١٢٣٩‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﱭ ﻟﻸﻭﻝ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻷﺏ‬
‫ﺡ ﺷﺒﻬ ‪‬ﺔ ﻳﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺮﺿﺎﻉ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻧﻜﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -١٢٤٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻡ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٤١‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻜ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺭﺕ)‪ ،(١٣‬ﺃﻭ ﺛﻴ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﺑﻼ ﺯﻭﺝ ﻭﻻ ﺯ‪‬ﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺭﺿﻌﺘﻬﺎ)‪ ..(١٤‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺿﺎ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ﺑﻼ‬
‫ﺃﺏ)‪.(١٥‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻖ ﺑﻨﻈﺮ)‪ (١٦‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻓﺔ)‪.(١٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٤٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﻜﺢ ﰲ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺄﺷﻜﻞ‪ ..‬ﹸﺃ ﹺﺭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻓ ﹸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﹸﺃﹾﻟ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺿﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٨٣/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٨٤/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٦/٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺯﻭﺝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻭﻃﺌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٨٧/٦‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﺗﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻠﱭ ﻟﻠﺜﺎﱐ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٤٥٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٦/٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٤/٩‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳛﺮﻡ ﻟﱭ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‪" :‬ﻓﺄﺭﺿﻌﺘﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٨٥/٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤١٨/٣‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٦‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻫﻮ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٠٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻖ‪ ..‬ﳊﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻓ ﹸﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﻟﻮﺩ‪‬؛ ﻓﺒﺄﻱ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﲔ ﹸﺃﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١٧‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﹸﺃ ﹺﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٧-١٦/٩‬‬
‫‪ ٤١٨‬‬

‫‪ -١٢٤٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﳍﺎ ﻟﱭ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻓﺎﻧﻘﻄﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺒﹶﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻵﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻠﱭ ﰒ ﺛﺎﺏ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﱭ)‪ ..(٢‬ﺳﺌﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺜﻮﺏ ]ﳍﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ[ ﺍﻟﻠﱭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ)‪ (٣‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﺜﻮﺏ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﻠﱭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺄﺗﻰ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻠﱭ ﻟﻸﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺗﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮﻧﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻟﻶﺧﺮ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺷﻜﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻟﻸﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫‪ -١٢٤٤‬ﻭﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﺀ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ)‪(٧‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪) ‬ﱂ‬
‫ﳛﻜﻢ‪ (٨‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻘﻮﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻧﺴﻮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺟﻠﲔ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫)ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ ﹶﺓ‪..(١١‬‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٤٥‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺻﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺭﺿﻌﺖ‬
‫ﻕ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﻜﺢ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﻬﺎﺕ ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﺧﻞ‪ /‬ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﲢﻞ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﹸﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﱭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﻠﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺃﺷﻜﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻗﻴﻞ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻸﻭﻝ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٤٥٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﱭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ‪ ..‬ﻟﻠﺜﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻸﻭﻝ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٥٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٩/٩‬ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ )ﺹ‪" :(١٠٦‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻭﻃﻰﺀ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻨﻜﻮﺣ ﹰﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺛﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﹰﺓ ﺑﺸﺒﻬ ‪‬ﺔ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺕ‪..‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻨﻘﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﻧﺴﺒ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﱭﹺ ﻋﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻮﻻﺩ ‪‬ﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺧ ‪‬ﺮ؛ ﻓﺎﻟﻠﱭ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻟﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻠﱭ‪ ‬ﳌﻦ ﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﳐﺎﻟﻒ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٨٨-٨٧/٦‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٣٠٩‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪.(٥٣٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻌﺔ‪ ،(٥١٠٤) ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺗﺰﻭﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﹰﺓ ﻓﺠﺎﺀﺗﻨﺎ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﹲﺓ ﺳﻮﺩﺍ ُﺀ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪@ :‬ﺃﺭﺿﻌﺘﻜﻤﺎ!‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺗﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺰﻭﺟﺖ ﻓﻼﻧﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ‬
‫ﺽ ﻋﲏ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺗﻴﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀﺗﻨﺎ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﹲﺓ ﺳﻮﺩﺍﺀ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﱄ‪@ :‬ﺇﱐ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺭﺿﻌﺘﻜﻤﺎ!‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻛﺎﺫﺑ ﹲﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺟ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪@ :‬ﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺎﺫﺑ ﹲﺔ!‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻛﻴﻒ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺯﻋﻤﺖ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺭﺿﻌﺘﻜﻤﺎ؟ ﺩﻋﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﻚ‪.#‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﻜﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻭ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻭﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٩٤/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٠٩‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٤٥٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺭﺿﻌﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺄﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﻣﻄﻤﻮﺳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺘﺂﻛﻠﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٤١٩‬‬

‫ﻕ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،(١)/‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺭﺑﻴﺒ ﹲﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ‪‬ﺓ ﻗﺪ ﺩﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ‪ ..‬ﹸﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻨﻜﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﺭﺿﻌﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹰﺓ ]ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺩﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺢ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻭﺻﻐﲑﺗﲔ‬ ‫‪ -١٢٤٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ[‪ ..‬ﺍﻧﻔﺴﺦ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺭﺿﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺭﺿﻌﺘﻬﺎ ]ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺭﺿﻌﺘﻬﺎ[ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺑﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﺧﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﻋﺔ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺧﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﺴﺦ ﻧﻜﺎﺣﻬﻦ ﲨﻴ ‪‬ﻌﺎ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﺋﺐ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺑﺄﻣﻬﺎ‪‬ﻦ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٤٧‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ)‪ (٦‬ﻧﻜﺢ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﹰﺓ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻧﻜﺢ ﺃﻣﻬﺎ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ]ﺑﺎﻷﻡ[‪ ..‬ﻓﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﻜﺢ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﺒﺖ‬ ‫‪ -١٢٤٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٨‬ﺩﺧﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻨﺖ)‪ (٩‬ﰒ ]ﻧﻜﺢ[ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ‪ (١١)/‬ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺖ)‪.(١٣) (١٢‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ ﻭﱂ)‪ (١‬ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺖ)‪ (٢‬ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ‪،‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٤٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﰒ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺖ)‪ (٣‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﻓﻨﻜﺤﻬﺎ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﺋﺐ ﺍﻟﻼﰐ)‪ (٤‬ﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺑﺎﻷﻡ ﻓﻨﻜﺤﻬﺎ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١١٩‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٩١/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٠٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٦/٩‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٥٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٢٢/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺻﺒﻴﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٩٢-٩١/٦‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺑﺎﻷﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٥٦‬ﻭﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٢٢/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(١١٨/٧‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﻷﻡ ﳛﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺖ ﳛﺮﻡ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺣﺼﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻦ‪ ..‬ﻓﺤﺮﻣﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺑﻴﺪ‪..‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻻﺑﻨﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪) (١٠‬ﻭﺑﲔ( ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٨١‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺑﻨﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(١١٨/٧‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﻬﺎﺕ ﻻ ﳛﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٤٢٠‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺖ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﺛﺒﺖ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٥٠‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻧﻜﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﺙ ﺻﻐﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺭﺿﻌﺘﻬﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹰﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ‪‬ﺓ‪..‬‬
‫ﺝ ﻛﺒﲑ ﹰﺓ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﻼ ﹶ‬
‫‪ -١٢٥١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﺰﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻣﺖ ]ﻋﻠﻴﻪ[ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻝ ﺻﻐﲑ ‪‬ﺓ ﺃﺭﺿﻌﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺮﻡ)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺗﲔ ﺑﻌﺪ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺃﺧﺘﺎﻥ)‪ (١٠‬ﳎﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ)‪ ،(١٢) (١١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺑﺎﻷﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺗﲔ ﺇﻥ)‪ (١‬ﺷﺎﺀ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﹶﺓ ]ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ[؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﻬﺎﺕ ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﺋﺐ ﺍﻟﻼﰐ)‪ (٢‬ﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺑﺄﻣﻬﺎ‪‬ﻦ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻻ)‪ (٤‬ﻳﺘﺰﻭ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺑﻨﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺑﻨﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﱵ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١١٨/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺑﻨﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺑﻨﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١١٨/٧‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺗﺮﺣﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻌﻠﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻭﺗﺰﺣﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٩‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻧﻜﺎﺡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٩١/٦‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺛﺒﺘﺖ ﻋﻘﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺭﺿﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﻘﻂ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺭﺿﻌﺖ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺧﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﺎﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻧﻜﺤﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺧﺘﻬﺎ" ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ‬
‫)‪" (٩٢/٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺁﺧﺮ"‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﲢﺮﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻛﻼﳘﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٠٧‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻓﺴﺦ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٨-٢٧/٩‬ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﺭﺗﻀﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜ ﹸﺔ‪ ..‬ﺍﻧﻔﺴﺦ ﻧﻜﺎﺣﻬﺎ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺻﺎﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺘ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻠﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﰲ ﻧﻜﺎﺣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻞ ﻳﻨﻔﺴﺦ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻡ ﳜﺘﺺ ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺴﺎﺥ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ؟ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﺴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﺭﺟﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺃﲪﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٣٠٨‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﳑﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻓﻖ ﺃﺣﺪ‪‬ﳘﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪ ‪‬ﱘ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٤٢١‬‬

‫‪ -١٢٥٢‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺮﺟﻊ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺪﺍﻗﻬﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻓﺴﺪﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺎﺭ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤﻰ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺑﻨﺼﻒ‬
‫ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻦ)‪.(٨) (٧‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻳﺘﻬﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﱵ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺄﻣﻬﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٩٢/٦-٩١/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٣٠٨-٣٠٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٨-٢٧/٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺮﺟﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٩١/٦‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﲟﺜﻞ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﲰﻰ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻬﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪..‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ" ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢١/٩‬ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺭﺿﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﻨﺼﻒ ﻣﻬﺮ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ‪ -‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ -(٣٠٧‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﻬﺮ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻰ –ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ -‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪:‬‬
‫ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ٢٠/٩‬ﻭ‪.(٢٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺎﻣﺶ‪) :‬ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ‪ ..‬ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٤٢٢‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א(‪hPOR‬א‪ h45B‬‬

‫‪ -١٢٥٣‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻫﻼﻝ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪/٦٠)/‬ﺏ( ﻗﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،(١)/‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪        :(٢) ‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ]ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،[٢٣ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻧﻜﺢ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﹰﺓ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﲢﻞ)‪ (٤‬ﻟﻪ ﺃﺧﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹰﺔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳛﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻃﺆﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﺅﻫﺎ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﺣ ﱠﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺧﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫‪ -١٢٥٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﻃﻼﹰﻗﺎ ﻻ ﳝﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﰲ ﻣﲑﺍﺙ ﻭﻻ ﻃﻼﻕ ﻭﻻ ﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﻻ ﺇﻳﻼﺀ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﺍﷲ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -١٢٥٥‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﺧﺎﻟﻒ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻘﻮﻝ‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﲤﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻊ ﺃﺷﺒ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﺡ‬
‫ﻒ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪] 
 :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،[٣ :‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺣﻈﺮ)‪ (١٠‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ)‪ (١١‬ﺧﺎﻟﻒ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫ﺑﻜﺘﺎ ﹺ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٢١‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺟ ﱠﻞ ﺫ‪‬ﻛﺮ‪‬ﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳛﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٥/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ١١٧/٧‬ﻭ‪.(١١٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻓﻴﺠﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﺃﺧﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺎﺋﻨﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﺻﻐﺮﻯ ﺃﻭ ﻛﱪﻯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪.(١١٧/٧‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٨‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٩‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺧﻄﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﻠﻖ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳛﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻜﺢ ﺃﺧﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻼﻕ ﺭﺟﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻼﻕ ﺑﺎﺋﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﺻﻐﺮﻯ ﺃﻭ ﻛﱪﻯ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻨﺎﺑﻠﺔ‪ :‬ﲢﺮﱘ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺑﺪﺍﺋﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﺋﻊ )‪ (٢٦٣/٢‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺩﻳﺮ )‪ (٢٥٥/٢‬ﻛﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻉ )‪.(٧٥/٥‬‬
 ‫‪٤٢٣‬‬

‫‪ -١٢٥٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺃﻣﺘﺎﻥ ﺃﺧﺘﺎﻥ ﻓﻮﻃﺊ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﳘﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﲢﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺣﱴ ﳛﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﻃﺌﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻴﻊ؛ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺣﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﺣﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻓﺮﺝ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺣﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ)‪ ،(٣‬ﰒ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻦ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﲢﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺣﱴ ﲢﺮﻡ‬
‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٥٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻮﻃﺌﻬﺎ ﰒ ﻧﻜﺢ ﺃﺧﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺣﺮﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳛﻞ)‪ (٥‬ﻟﻪ ﻭﻁﺀ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻄﻠﻖ ﺍﳊﺮﺓ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫‪ -١٢٥٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ )ﺃﻣﺘﺎﻥ ﺃﺧﺘﺎﻥ‪ (٧‬ﻓﻮﻃﺌﻬﻤﺎ ﲨﻴ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ‪@ :‬ﻻ ﺗﻘﺮ‪‬ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﳛﺮﻡ ﻓﺮﺝ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﳘﺎ!)‪.(٩‬‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫‪] -١٢٥٩‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺣﺮﺓ ﰒ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺃﺧﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻮﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﻘﺮ‪‬ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﳛﺮﻡ)‪ (١١‬ﻓﺮﺝ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﳘﺎ[‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳛﺮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١١٩/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲢﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٢٠/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺘﲔ ﺃﺧﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺮ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪‬ﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺮﺟﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻭﻃﺊ ﺃﺧﺘﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺐ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٨/٦‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻮﻃﺌﻬﺎ ﻓﻠﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻃﺊ ﺁﺧﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﺑﻮﻃﺊ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ ﻟﻮ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﱪﺉ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ" ﻭﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٣٥‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١١٩/٧‬ﻓﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺮﺍﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺣﻼﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻄﺄ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﱪﺉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ‬
‫)‪.(١٧٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺮ‪‬ﻤﺎﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٤٢٤‬‬

‫ﺇﻻ ﲟﻌﻨﻴﲔ)‪(٢‬؛ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻻ ﳚﺪ )ﻃﻮ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬

‫ﺡ ﺍﻷَﻣ ‪‬ﺔ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ﻧﻜﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﱡﻞ ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪] -١٢٦٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳋﺼﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ)‪ (٥‬ﻫﺎﺗﲔ ﺍﳋﺼﻠﺘﲔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳛﻞ‬
‫ﻑ‪ (٤)/‬ﺍﻟﻌﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮ ‪‬ﺓ‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﳜﺎ ‪‬‬
‫]ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﻧﻜﺎﺣﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ v  u t  s  r : ‬‬

‫‪ ،[٢٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‪ ، ª©¨§¦  :‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﲨﻴ ‪‬ﻌﺎ؛ ﻭﻷﻥ‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ﹲﺔ ﺇﻻ ﲟﺎ ﺃﺑﺎﺡ ﺍﷲ ﺟﻞ ﺛﻨﺎﺅﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ)‪ (٦‬ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ..(٧)/‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻧ ﹺﺰ ﹾﻝ)‪ (٨‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﲢﺮﳝﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺣﱴ ﳚﻤﻊ ﺍﳋﺼﻠﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﻠﺘﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ) ‪‬ﺟ ﱠﻞ ﹶﺛﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻩ‪(١٠‬؛ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﺪ‬
‫ﻃﻮ ﹰﻻ ﳊﺮﺓ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٦١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪ /‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ)‪ (١٢‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺣﺮﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺰﻭﺝ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺭﺿﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ؛‬
‫ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳜﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺖ؛ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٦٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺃﻣﺔ ﻭﺗﺰﻭﺝ)‪] (١‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ[ ﺣﺮﺓ‪ ..‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺗﺰﻭﳚﻬﺎ ﻃﻼﹰﻗﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻸﻣﺔ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺟﻞ ﺛﻨﺎﺅﻩ)‪ (٢‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳﹺﺒ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳﹺﺒﻨ‪‬ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﻜﺎ ﹴ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳌﻌﻨﻴﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻃﻮ ﹰﻻ ﳊﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٣١‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٢٢‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻧﺰﻳﻞ‪.‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٩‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٣/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ١٢٩/٧‬ﻭ‪.(١٣١‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٥/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٢٩/٧‬‬
 ‫‪٤٢٥‬‬

‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‪ -١٢٦٣‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﺤﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺰﻭﺝ ﺃﻣ ﹰﺔ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻴﺔﹰ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪   :‬‬

‫]ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪.(٤) ,[٢٥ :‬‬

‫‪ -١٢٦٤‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻣﺘﲔ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﺰﻭﺝ ﺃﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳊﺮ ﻳﺘﺰﻭﺝ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﺗﲔ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺑﻊ)‪.(٧‬‬

‫‪ -١٢٦٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪] ، fedcb : ‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ[ ]ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪،[٢٢١ :‬‬

‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ]ﺍﷲ[‪ (٨)ÄÃÂÁÀ¿¾ :‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ]ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ ،[٥ :‬ﻓﻨﺴﺎﺀ)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻫﻞ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﻲ ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺳﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻻ ﳛﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻢ ﻧﻜﺎﺣﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﳑﺰﻭﺝ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺝ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺮﺍ ﹺﻡ ﺍﳊﻼ ﹶﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﳋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺳﻲ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮﺍﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹸﻛﱠﻠﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺆﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻞ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻦ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻴﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﲪﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﺭ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺕ ﺑﻐ ﹰ‬

‫]ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -١٢٦٦‬ﻭﺗﻨﻜﺢ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺯﻧ‪‬ﺖ ﻭ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺕ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ)‪ CB A  :(١٢‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺲ!‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﷲ ‪@ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﰐ ﻻ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﻻﻣ ﹴ‬ ‫)‪ ،(١٣‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫‪[٣٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺘﺰﻭﺝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٥/٦‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٦٣/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٣٣/٧‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪" :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻳﻨﻔﺴﺦ" ﻭﱂ ﺃﺟﺪﻩ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٦-١٥/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٣٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻣﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪.(٤٤٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪.٥ :‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻧﺴﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٣٤٢/١٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٣٨٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ‪ ،٣٢ :‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﱄ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٤٢٦‬‬

‫‪$‬ﺍﺣﺒﺴﻬﺎ‪ ،(٢)#‬ﻭﺟﻠﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺎ ﻭﺭﺟﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﺯﻭ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ﺑﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺪ ﱠﻝ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺧﺔ‪ ،(٣)/‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﻣﺮ )ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ (٤‬ﻟﺮﻭﻱ ﻋﻨﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫‪ -١٢٦٧‬ﻭﻻ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻮﱄ؛ ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪
|
{
z
y  :(٦) ‬‬

‫

  ]ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ ،[٢٣٢ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪
C
B
A  :‬‬ ‫
‬ ‫}
~
‬

‫‪]  D‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،[٣٤ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺀ‪]     :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،[٢٥ :‬ﻓﺪﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻟﻸﻭﻟﻴﺎﺀ)‪ (٧‬ﺃﻣ ‪‬ﺮﺍ)‪/٦١)/(٨‬ﺏ( ﰲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹺﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ‪‬ﺓ ﻣﻌﻬﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻜﺮ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍ َﻷ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻖ ﺑﻨﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺻﻐﲑﺓ)‪.(١٠‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺰﻭﻳﺞ ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﻠﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،(٢٠٤٩) ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ :‬ﺗﺰﻭﻳﺞ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،(٣٢٢٩) ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺜﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺑﺮﻗﻢ )‪ ،(٣٤٦٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﺮﺳﻞ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪" :‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪ :‬ﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳊﺒﲑ )‪ ،(٤٨٥/٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺑﻠﻮﻍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻡ )ﺹ‪" :(٩٤١ :٣٤٦‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﻭﺭﺟﺎﻟﻪ ﺛﻘﺎﺕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٢٣‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪. ‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٠-٢٨/٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ١٦٦/٣‬ﻭ‪.(٣٨٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺟﻞ ﺛﻨﺎﺅﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﺘﺄﺫﻥ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭﳍﺎ‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٢-٣١/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٥٠/٧‬‬
 ‫‪٤٢٧‬‬

‫ﺡ ﹺﺇﻻ ﺑﹺﺈﺫ ‪‬ﻥ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟﻲ‪ ،(١)#‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻧﻜﺤﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻨﻜﺎﺣﻬﺎ‬

‫‪ -١٢٦٨‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪$ : ‬ﻻ ﻧﻜﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﳋﻼﻑ ﺃﺣﺪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻌ‪‬ﻨﻰ؛ ﻟﺜﺒﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺼﺒﺘﻬﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٦٩‬ﻭﻻ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻟﺒﺎﻟ ﹴﻎ ﺭﺷﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃﻗﺮ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -١٢٧٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺯﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﳘﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ؛ ﻓﺄﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻜﺢ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﺑﺄﻣﺮﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻃﻞ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٧١‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﱄ ﻏﺎﺋ‪‬ﺒﺎ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﱃ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺎ ﻭ ﱞ‬
‫ﱄ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻫﻮ ﺃﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺰﻭﺝ ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﻫﻮ ﻏﺎﺏ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﺗﺘﺰﻭﺝ ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٧٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﺃﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ]ﻓﺎﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﺃﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ[ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻷﻗﺮﺏ ﺃﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺎﺭ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺒﻠﻐﻮﺍ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ ،(١٩٥١٨ :٢٨٠/٣٢‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﱄ‪ ،(٢٠٨٥) ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻮﱄ‪ ،(١١٠١) ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻮﱄ‪ ،(١٨٨١) ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ )‪ ،(٧٠٤ ،٧٠٣ ،٧٠٢ ،٧٠١ :١٧٦/١‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ )‪ ،(٤٠٧٧ :٣٨٨/٩‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻍ‪:‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﲏ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﱠﻞ ﺑﺎﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬
‫"ﺻ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ ُﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٥/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٥٠/٧‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٨/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٦٤-٦٢/٧‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٣/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٨٨/٧‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٣٨/٦‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺣﱴ ﻳ‪‬ﺮﺍﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ﻓﻴﺤﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮﻛﱢﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻋﺮﻑ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﺄﺻﺢ ﺍﻷﻭﺟﻪ‪ :‬ﻻ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ‪ ..‬ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ‪ ..‬ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﳛﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﲟﻮﺗﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺘﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٦٩-٦٨/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٤٢٨‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺃﻗﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٧٣‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﻭﻟ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﻟﻸﻡ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ‪.(٣‬‬ ‫‪ -١٢٧٤‬ﻭﺍﻷﺥ ﺃﻭﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ؛ ﻷﻥ )‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺯﻭﺝ‪ (٤‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﻭﻟ‪‬ﻴﺎ‬
‫‪ -١٢٧٥‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﻥ )ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻟﻸﻡ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﺔ ﻫﻲ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٧٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :(٦)/‬ﺍﻟ ﹸﻜ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻮ)‪ (٧‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳﻦ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻠﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ ﻣﺮﺷ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪ ،(١١)(١٠‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٧٧‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﱄ‪/‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺷﺪﻳﻦ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﻭﱃ ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺷ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٧٨‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺄﺭﺑﻌﺔ)‪ :(١٤‬ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺿﻰ)‪ (١٥‬ﺍﻟﻮﱄ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﻛﺢ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻜﺤﺔ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٧/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٦٠/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻧﺴﺒﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹲﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٢٤‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻒ ِﺀ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٤٠٨/٣٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻟ ﹸﻜ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻈﲑ‪ ،‬ﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ﹲﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٩‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪) :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔﺆ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ( ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ‬
‫)‪ (١٣٣/٩‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪) :‬ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٣١‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﻣﺮﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪ (١٨٤‬ﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(٥٥٤-٥٥٣/٧‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٧٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٥٤/٣‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺄﺭﺑﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻭﺑﺮﺿﻰ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺮﺿﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٥‬‬
 ‫‪٤٢٩‬‬

‫‪ -١٢٧٩‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﻋﻘﺪ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻉ ﻻ ﳛﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻜ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﺑ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟ ﹶﻎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ ﻓﻴﻘﺪﻡ‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ؛ ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺿ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﺑﻮﻫﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻏﺎﺋﺒﺔ ﻓﺄﻧﻜﺤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺮﺿﺎﻩ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪﺓ ﺍﻧﻌﻘﺪﺕ ﲞﻴﺎﺭ‪ /،‬ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﻮ ﺃﺑﺖ ﺃﻭ ﺃﰉ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻔﺴﻮ ‪‬ﺧﺎ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻃﻼﻕ ﺃﻭﻗﻌﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ)‪ (٦‬ﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻋﻨﻪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ )‪ (٧‬ﻧﻜﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺸﺒﻬﻪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٨٠‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺻﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﻟ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ)‪ (٩‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ]ﻭﻟ‪‬ﻴﺎ[ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺐ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٨١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ)‪ (١١‬ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻠﻮﺻﻲ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻜ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺮ)‪ (١٢‬ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‪،‬‬
‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺜﻤﺮ ﻣﺎﳍﺎ ﻭﳜﺮﺟﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻸﺥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ‬
‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﳍﺎ ﻧﻈ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﻭﺣ ‪‬ﻈﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﻧﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺣﻆ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﺴﺨﻨﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﻣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻷﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻲ)‪.(١٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٧٥-٣٧٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ٣٦/٧‬ﻭ‪ ٤٥‬ﻭ‪ ٥٠‬ﻭ‪ (٥٥‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻴﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﲑﺿﻰ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻻﺑﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺜﻴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻨﻜﺤﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﱵ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺻﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٥٩/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٢/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣١٥/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺰﻭﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﻈﹰﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺩﻳﺮ )‪ ،(٢٤٤/٢‬ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٣/٦‬ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٥‬‬
‫‪ ٤٣٠‬‬

‫‪ -١٢٨٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪) :‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﻴﻤﺔ‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻸﻭﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﻭﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺐ ﻻ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ؛ ﻭﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺟﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ)‪] (٣‬ﻭﻟﻨﺴﺒﻬﻢ ‪‬ﺎ[)‪(٤‬؛ ﻭﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﺖ‪ ..(٥)/‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﳍﺎ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﳑﺎ ﻋﻘﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﺐ)‪ (٧‬ﺃﻭ ﻧﻌﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺘﺎﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﻗ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﻟ‪‬ﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﱄ ﻧﺴ ﹴ‬
‫‪ -١٢٨٣‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﻟ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻭ ﱡ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺑ ‪‬ﺔ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﳌﻌ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺔ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٨٤‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻮﻙ ﻭﻟ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﻷﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺃﺣﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺭﺍ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٨٥‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﻟ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﻻﺑﻨﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮ ﻭﻟ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﻻﺑﻨﺘﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﳍﺎ ﻭﱄ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻛﺎﻓﺮﺓ‪ ..‬ﺃﻧﻜﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪] -١٢٨٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺓ)‪(١٢‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎ َﻷﻭ‪ ‬ﹸﻝ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﺎﻉ ﺍ‪‬ﲑﺍﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻟﻸﻭﻝ‪ ،(١)#‬ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﻜﺢ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺟﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﻴﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻴﺘﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٢٥‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٢/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣١٥/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺮﺍﺑﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٧/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٦٠/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٨/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٦٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٩-٣٨/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٦٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻧﻜﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭﺍﻷﻡ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٤٣١‬‬

‫ﻼ‬
‫‪ -١٢٨٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺃﻣﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﳍﺎ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻮﱢﻟﻲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪/٦٢)/‬ﺏ( ﺇﻻ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﳚﻮﺯ)‪ (٣‬ﻟﻪ)‪ (٤‬ﺇﻧﻜﺎﺣﻬﺎ)‪(٥‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﱄ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﳍﺎ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﰲ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٨٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺃﺗﺰﻭﺟﲏ ﻓﻼﻧﺔ ﺑﻜﺬﺍ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ!‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ)‪@ :(٩‬ﻗﺪ ﻗﺒﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ!؛ ﻷﻥ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫)@ﻗﺪ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻚ!‪ ..(٧‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻧﻜﺎ ‪‬ﺣﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬
‫@ﺃﺗﺰﻭﺟﲏ! ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٨٩‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺏ‪@ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻚ ﺍﺑﻨﱵ!‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪@ :‬ﻗﺪ ﻗﺒﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ!‪ ..‬ﺛﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤١/٦‬ﺍﻟﺸﻄﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ‪، ‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (١٧٣٤٩ :٥٨٢/٢٨‬ﺑﻜﻼ ﺷﻄﺮﻳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻋﻦ ﲰﺮﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺟﻨﺪﺏ ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﻤﺎ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ‪‬ﺓ‬
‫ﺯ ‪‬ﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻭﻟﻴﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻟﻸﻭﻝ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻉ ﺑﻴ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﻠﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻟﻸﻭﻝ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ .#‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪:٢٧٦/٣٣‬‬
‫‪ ،(٢٠٠٨٥‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻧﻜﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،(٢٠٨٨) ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﲔ ﻳﺰﻭﺟﺎﻥ‪ (١١١٠) ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﺴﻦ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‪ :‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺴﺘﺤﻘﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻖ‪ ،(٤٦٨٢) ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ ،(١٧٥/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪(١٤١-١٤٠/٧‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳊﺒﲑ )‪" :(٣٥٧/٣‬ﺣﺴﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺯﺭﻋﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺭﻙ‪ ...‬ﻭﺻﺤﺘﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﺒﻮﺕ ﲰﺎﻉ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﲰﺮﺓ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺟﺎﻟﻪ ﺛﻘﺎﺕ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺴﻦ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٢/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٧٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺟﻮﺯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻧﻜﺎﺣﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٦١/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻧﻌﻢ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﺎ ﰲ‬
‫)ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﻓﺎﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻟﻔﻈﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻭﻳﺞ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﰲ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﱄ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﳎﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦١/٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٤١/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٩/٧‬‬
‫‪ ٤٣٢‬‬

‫‪ -١٢٩٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪@ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺗﺰﻭﺟﺖ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻚ ﲟﺎﺋﺔ!‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﺏ‪@ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻚ!‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٩١‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ)‪ (٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﻟﻸﺏ‪@ :‬ﺯﻭﺟﲏ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻚ ﻓﻼﻧﺔ!‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺏ‪@ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻚ!‪ ..‬ﺛﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ | -١٢٩٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ)‪ (٦‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ‪ :‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺒﻠﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٠/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٧/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٠/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٧٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٤١/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٨/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٤٣٣‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א ?‪0‬ز ‬

‫‪ -١٢٩٣‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻫﻼﻝ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ)‪ ،(١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪:(٢) ‬‬
‫‪  q

p
o
n‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ]ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،[٣٥ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪[

Z
Y
X  :‬‬
‫‪ ،(٣)/‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻈ ﹸﺔ)‪ (٤‬ﻣﺒﺎﺣ ﹲﺔ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻌﻆ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻨﺸﺰ)‪.(٦) (٥‬‬

‫‪ -١٢٩٤‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺮﺏ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ )ﻳﻀﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻬﺠﺮﻫﺎ‪ (٧‬ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃﺧﺎ ‪‬ﻩ‪.(٩)#‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ)‪(٨‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﱡﻞ ﳌﺴﻠ ﹴﻢ ﹶﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٢٩٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ]‪ [‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺏ‪$ :‬ﻻ ﺗﻀﺮﺏ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻚ‪ (١٠)/‬ﺿﺮﺑﻚ ﺃﻣﺘﻚ‪.(١١)#‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ‬ ‫‪ -١٢٩٦‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺎﻕ ﻓﻬﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻈ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﱄ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﺤﺎ؛‬
‫ﺤ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﹺﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺒﻌ ﹸ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﹺﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻘﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭﳘﺎ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ)‪ ..(١٣‬ﹶﻗ ﹶﻄﻌ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (١‬ﺑﺸﻬﺎﺩ‪‬ﺗ ﹺﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﺪﻻ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻔﺮ‪‬ﻕ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪) (١‬ﻗﺎﻝ( ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪. :‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٢٦‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ( ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ )ﻧﺸﻮﺯﻫﻦ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻈﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﺸﺰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٢٨٨/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٤٩٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٠٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٥٩/٣‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻬﺠﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻀﺮ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٢٨٨/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٤٩٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٠٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٦٠-٢٥٩/٣‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺩﺏ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ‪ ،(٦٠٧٧) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﱪ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﲢﺮﱘ ﺍﳍﺠﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻕ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺑﻼ ﻋﺬﺭ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ‪.(٢٥٦٠) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٣٢‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ ،(١٦٣٨٤ :٣١٠-٣٠٩/٢٦‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ )‪ ،(١٤٢‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ (٨٠ :٢٦/١‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ‬
‫)‪ ،(١٤٨/١‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ )‪ ،(١٠٥٤ :٣٣٣-٣٣٢/٣‬ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ )‪،(٢٤٢/١‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﻻ ﺗﻀﺮﺏ ﻇﻌﻴﻨﺘﻚ‪.#..‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٤٣٤‬‬

‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻤﲔ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮﻗﹶﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺈﻗﺮﺍﺭﳘﺎ ﲨﻴ ‪‬ﻌﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻋﻠ‪‬ﻴﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪]$ :‬ﻻ[‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻘﺮ‪ (٤)‬ﲟﺜ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﺮ‪‬ﺕ ]ﺑﻪ[‪ ،(٥)«#‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳﺒﻌﺚ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺮﺿﺎﳘﺎ؛ ﳍﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺬ‪/‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪) ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺭﺿﻴﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻤﺎ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﻴﻠﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺮﺿﺎﳘﺎ ﲨﻴ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪.(٧‬‬

‫‪ -١٢٩٧‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ، x

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t
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r :(٨) ‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬‬

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{
z


y‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،[٣٥ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﺍ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍ َﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ)‪.(٩‬‬

‫‪ -١٢٩٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺭ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﻃﻼﹰﻗﺎ)‪ (١٠‬ﳝﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ)‪،(١١‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺﺭ)‪ ..(١٢‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ)‪ ،(١٣‬ﻭﳝﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳋﻠﻊ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﻄﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻜﻤﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭﻻ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٢٩٩-٢٩٨/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٤٩٦‬ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪» :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ«‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻩ )‪ ،(٣٢١-٣٢٠/٨‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ )‪ ،(١١٨٨٣ :٥١٢/٦‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‬
‫)‪.(٣٠٦-٣٠٥/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺗﻜﺮﺭﺕ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٢٩٩-٢٩٨/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٤٩٧-٤٩٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٠٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٦١/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻃﱯ )‪" :(١٧٥/٥‬ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪﴿ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺧﻔﺘﻢ﴾ ﺍﳊﻜﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍ ُﺀ ﻭﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪﴿ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﺍ ﺇﺻﻼﺣ‪‬ﺎ ﻳﻮﻓﻖ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ﴾ ﻳﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻜﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﳎﺎﻫﺪ ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻳﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻤﺎﻥ ﺇﺻﻼﺣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻳﻮﻓﻖ ﺍﷲ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺎﻥ ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻳﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺎﻥ ﺇﺻﻼﺣ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺻﺪﻗﹰﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺧﱪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳊﻜﻤﲔ‪﴿ ..‬ﻳﻮﻓﻖ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ﴾‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻄﱪﻱ )‪ :(٣٣٢/٨‬ﻭﻣﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﺘﱰﻳﻞ ﻟﻠﺒﻐﻮﻱ )‪.(٢٠٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻻ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٢٩١/٦‬ﻭ‪.(٤٩٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻀﺮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٤٣٥‬‬

‫‪ -١٢٩٩‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ]ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ[‪ :‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ)‪ (٣‬ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ؛‬
‫ﻷﻧﻪ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺿﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻄﻴﺐ ﻧﻔﺲ‬
‫‪ -١٣٠٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺬ ]ﺑﻪ[ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻋﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺣﺒﺴﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ﱠﻘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ‪/‬‬ ‫‪ -١٣٠١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﺩ‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪
 :‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳛﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻣﲑﺍﺛﻬﺎ ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﲑﺍﺙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﺴﻲﺀ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻔﺘﺪﻱ‬
‫

¡
‪]  ¤

£
¢‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪.[١٩ :‬‬

‫‪ -١٣٠٢‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺧﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺁﰒ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﲑﺍﺙ)‪.(١١‬‬

‫ﻉ ﻣﺎ ﲢﻞ)‪ (١‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ‪ ..‬ﺃﻥ )ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹸﺓ‪ (٢‬ﻛﺎﺭﻫ ﹰﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ )ﺃﻱ‬
‫‪ -١٣٠٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﹺﺟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﻣﺆﺩﻳﺔ ﳊﻖ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺟﻪ‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻫﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٢٩١/٦‬ﻭ‪ ،(٤٩٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٧٤/٧‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺭﺟﻌﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻢ ﻣﺎﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﲰﺎﻩ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻋﺘﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﳋﻠﻊ ﻭﺃﻧﻜﺮ ﺍﻹﻛﺮﺍﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺑﺎﺋﻦ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺭﺟﻌﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ‪-" :‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﻔﺘ ‪‬ﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻔﺘﺪﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪ :-‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺃﺿﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺿﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻇﺎﱂ ﳍﺎ‪ ..‬ﻣﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﲰﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪.(٥٦٥/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٤٩٧/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺆﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٢٧‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻔﺪﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻫﻮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٤٩٩/٦‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٧٥/٧‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺞ ﻭﺍﳊﻨﺎﻃﻲ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺛﻬﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٤٩٩/٦‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٧٥/٧‬ﻭﻋﱪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٤٣٦‬‬

‫ﳐﺎﻟﻌﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ﱠﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﻄﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﳑﺎ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻫﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺝ ﻣﺒﺎﺡ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺃﻣﻬﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ)‪ (٦‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﻃﻴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﷲ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺟﻨﺎﺡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺿﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ )ﱂ ﺗﻘﻢ‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٠٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻌﺖ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٠٥‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻀﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﺘﺨﺘﻠﻊ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳛﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ (١٣) -١٣٠٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﺎﻟﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻃﻼﹰﻗﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﺑﺎﳋﻠﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻛﻼﻡ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻧﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﺭﺩ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﲝﺎﳍﺎ)‪/٦٣)/(١٤‬ﺏ(‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳛﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﺟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻛﱪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٢٩١/٦‬ﻭ‪ ٢٩٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٠١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٧٤/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﻘﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٢٩٣/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٥٠١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٧٤/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٤٩٧/٦‬ﻭ‪ ٤٩٨‬ﻭ‪ (٥٠١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٧٥-٣٧٤/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺗﻜﺮﺭﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ ،‬ﲝﺮﻭﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﺑﺎﳋﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ" ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺛﺒﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٥٠٢/٦‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻟﻔﻆ )ﺍﳋﻠﻊ( ﺇﺫﺍ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﺻﺮﻳﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻛﻨﺎﻳﺔ "ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺺ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٠٢/٦‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺻﺢ‪ :‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ )‪ (٣٧٦/٧‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﻔﺎﺩﺍﺓ ﺇﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﻌﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻤﺎ ﺻﺮﳛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ؛‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﻨﻮﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﻨﺎﻳﺘﺎﻥ )ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ( ﻭﻫﻮ ﺻﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ )ﻟﻮ ﺟﺮﻯ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﺎﻝ( ﻣﻊ‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٤٣٧‬‬

‫‪ -١٣٠٧‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ]ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ[‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﺎﻟﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ؛ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺋﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻯ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪] -١٣٠٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﺎﻟﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺿﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳋﻠﻊ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﺪﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ‬
‫ﺽ)‪ ،(٤)/(٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﺩﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻬﺮ‬
‫ﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬‬‫ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻗﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺹ ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻫ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﺎﻳﺎ)‪.(٦) (٥‬‬
‫ﺤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺻﻴ ﹰﺔ ﻟﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٠٩‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻣﻀﻰ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ؛‬
‫ﺖ‪ ..‬ﺛﺒﺖ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ‪ ..‬ﻧﻘﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺛﻠﺜﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ‪‬‬
‫ﻷﻧﻪ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻊ ﻭﻗﻊ ﳎﻬﻮ ﹰﻻ‪ ،‬ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﺻﺎﻳﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٣١٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻻﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ‪@ :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺃﻟﻒ!‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٣١١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ‪@ :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﺑﺄﻟﻒ!‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‪@ :‬ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻟﻒ!؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺷﺎﺀﺕ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ‬
‫ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﺸﺄ)‪ (٨‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﱴ ﻣﻀﻰ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻃﻼﻕ)‪.(١٠) (٩‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺱ ﻗﺒﻮﳍﺎ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺽ ﻛﺄﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺧﺎﻟﻌﺘﻚ ﺃﻭ ﻓﺎﺩﻳﺘﻚ ﻭﻧﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺱ ﻗﺒﻮﳍﺎ ﻓﻘﺒﻠﺖ‪ ..‬ﺑﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻭ )ﻭﺟﺐ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ("‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ .(٢٦٨/٣‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪(٤٠٨‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٧٦/٧‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻧﺺ ﰲ »ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ« ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ ﺻﺮﻳﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺰﺍﱄ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٢٨‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺻﺎﻳﺎﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٠٨/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٠٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٦٥/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻓﺘﻄﻠﻖ ﻃﻠﻘ ﹰﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹰﺓ ﺭﺟﻌﻴﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺳﺄﻟﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺑﺄﻟﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﺘﻠﺰﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﻭﻳﺼﺢ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻃﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﺋﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٢٥/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤١٠‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٧١/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺸﺄ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٢٥/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤١٠‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٧٢/٣‬‬
‫‪ ٤٣٨‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﰲ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ﹴﻞ‬ ‫‪ -١٣١٢‬ﻭﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﰊ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ]ﻭﺃﰊ ﳏﻤﺪ[؛ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻔﺮﻗﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻭﻃﺌﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺘﻌﻄﺮ)‪،(٧‬‬ ‫)‪(٦) (٥‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﲤﻜﻨﻪ ‪/‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺗﻤﺎ ﹺﺯ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺗ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﺒﻠﻪ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﱡﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺷﺒﺎﻩ)‪ (٨‬ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﺧﺬﻧﺎ ]ﻫﺬﺍ[ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻔﺮﻗﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻴﻌﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ‪ ،(٩)#‬ﻓﻮﺟﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺯﻭﺍﻝ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺯﻭﺍﻝ ﻣﻠﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪] -١٣١٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻋﻄﻴﺘﲏ ﺃﻟ ﹰﻔﺎ!‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ)‪@ :(١٠‬ﻗﺪ ﺭﺿﻴﺖ‪،‬‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﻟﻚ ‪‬ﺎ!‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﱄ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ!‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ)‪@ :(١١‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺿﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻚ!‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‪@ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺣﺘﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻕ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﺇﻋﻄﺎ ُﺀ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﺎ ﲰﻴﻨﺎ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀً‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺧﻠ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻃﻼﹰﻗﺎ؛ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ‪ /‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻃﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻮ)‪ (١٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﻋﻄﻴﺘﲏ ﺃﻟ ﹰﻔﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ)‪.(١٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٣١٤‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺧﺎﻟﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (١٥‬ﻗﺒﻀﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻓﺎﺕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻪ‪..‬‬
‫ﺽ)‪ ،(١٦‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ؛ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻜ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﺮ‬
‫ﻓﺎﳋﻠﻊ ﻣﺎ ﹴ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺄﺧﺬ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺪﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭﻻ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺒﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭﻻ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﻘﻮﻃﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﳝﻜﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﻘﻮﻃﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٣٢‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻌﻄﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﺷﺒﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻔﺮﻗﺎ‪ ،(٢١١٠) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ‪.(١٥٣٢) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺘﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺎ ﺃﹸﺛﺒﺖ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٥٠٣/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٥٢١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤١٠‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٧٣/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٤٣٩‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺧﺎﻟﻌﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﺎﳍﺎ‪ ،(١)/‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻏﲑ ﲨﻴﻠﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ )ﳑﻦ ﻳﺸﺒﻬﻬﺎ‪.(٣) (٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٣١٥‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﺎﻟﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﺜﻤﺮﺓ ﱂ ﻳﺒﺪ)‪ (٤‬ﺻﻼﺣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﳏﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﳎﻬﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻏﺮﺭ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳋﻠﻊ ﺗﺎﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻪ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﺎﻟﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺧﻠ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ‬ ‫‪-١٣١٦‬‬
‫ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ)‪(٩‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ ﻭﻗﻊ ﳎﻬﻮ ﹰﻻ‪ ،‬ﺃﻻ‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﺽ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ ﻣﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﻣﻘﺴﻮﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻭﻳﻨﻘﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ)‪ (١٠‬ﻳﻠﺰﻡ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ‪ ..‬ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻗﻊ ﳎﻬﻮ ﹰﻻ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪x

w
v
u
t  : ‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻨ ﹸﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﺮﻭﻉ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﳍﺎ ﻣﻬﺮ‬
‫‪ ،[٤٩‬ﰒ ‪‬ﺩﱠﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫]ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ‪:‬‬ ‫ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻼ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﺪﺍﻕ)‪ ،(١٢‬ﻭﻳﻔﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻬﺎ‪ ،#‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻣﻨﻌﻘ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٢٩‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳑﺎ ﺷﺒﻬﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥١٣/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٩٠/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺒﺪﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥١٠-٥٠٩/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٩٠-٣٨٩/٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٠٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٦٥/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٥٠٣/٦‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻣﻬﻮﺭﳘﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﳎﻬﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺻﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٥١٤-٥١٣/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٥١٦‬ﻭﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٦٩/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﳕﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻌﻘﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٤٤٠‬‬

‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﲤﻠﻴ ﹰﻜﺎ)‪ (١‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﰲ)‪ (٢‬ﺑﻀﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻗﻊ ﳎﻬﻮ ﹰﻻ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ؛‬
‫ﻀ ﹴﻊ ﹺﺑ‪‬ﺒﻀ‪‬ﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻌﻬ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺃﻭﱃ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ]ﺑﺸﻲ ٍﺀ[‪ ..‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻷﱐ)‪ (٤‬ﻣﱠﻠ ﹾﻜﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺑﺄﻟﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﻄﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ‬ ‫‪] -١٣١٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ‪ :‬ﻃﻠﻘﲏ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ‬
‫ﺛﻠﺚ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ؛ ﻷﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻗﺪ ﻭﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺛﻠﺚ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺳﻤ‪‬ﺖ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻟﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺧﻠﻊ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬ ‫‪ -١٣١٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻃﻠﻘﲏ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺑﺄﻟﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﻄﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ‬
‫ﲢﻞ)‪ (١٠‬ﻟﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻨﻜﺢ ﺯﻭ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ﻏﲑﻩ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺃﻭ‬
‫‪] -١٣١٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﺎﻟﻌﻬﺎ‪/٦٤)/‬ﺏ( ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﺎﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١٤‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺩﻧﺎﻧﲑ ﺑﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻫﺐ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﺘﻠﻒ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻪ)‪ ..(١٢‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪/،‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ ..‬ﺭﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻧﺎﻧﲑ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤ ﱠﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﺎﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٢٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﺎﻟﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﻠﻊ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ)‪.(١٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﲤﻠﻴﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﱃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻷﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻀﻌﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺛﻼﺙ ﺗﻄﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥١٧/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٠٩‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٧٠/٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺗﻐﻠﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﺸﻮﺏ ﺍﳉﻌﺎﻟﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻟﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳛﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥١٧/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٦٠‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٠٩‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٦٩/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻀﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٣٠‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٢٦/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤١١‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٧٤/٣‬‬
 ‫‪٤٤١‬‬

‫‪] -١٣٢١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ [: ‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺽ‪..‬‬
‫ﲢﺎﻟﻔﺎ ﻭﻟﺰﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﺧﺘﻼﻓﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺖ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ ﻓﺎﺋﺖ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﳋﻠﻊ ﻭﺃﻧﻜﺮﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﺃﻗﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺧﺎﻟﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﺠﻴﻞ‬ ‫‪ -١٣٢٢‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻗﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻘﺒﻀﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺪﻓﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻗﺮ ﺑﺎﳋﻠﻊ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺃﻧﻜﺮﺕ‪..‬‬
‫ﺣﻠﻔﺖ ﻭﻟﺰﻣﻪ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﳋﻠﻊ ]ﺑﺈﻗﺮﺍﺭﻩ[ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻇﺎﳌﺔ ﻟﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ]ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪@ [:‬ﻗﺪ ﺧﺎﻟﻌﺘﻚ ﲟﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻣﺲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﺗﺮﺿﲔ!‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪@ :‬ﺑﻞ‬ ‫‪ -١٣٢٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺭﺿﻴﺖ!‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺎﻧﺖ)‪ (٧‬ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺈﻗﺮﺍ ﹴﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ]ﳍﺎ[ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٢٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟﻞﹴ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺧﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻣﺘﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ‬
‫ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ‪ (٩)/‬ﺑﺎﳋﻠﻊ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﲞﻠﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﲝﺎﳍﺎ؛ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻻ ﲟﻠﻜﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻣﻠﻜﻬﺎ‪..‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻔﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻭﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﻠ ﹰﻜﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ)‪ (١٠‬ﻳﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻠﻚ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٢٢/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤١٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٧٨/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﹸﻟﺰﻣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٢٤/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٣١/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻰ ﻗﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٢٤/٦‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٣٣٦/٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ (٣٩٨/٤‬ﻭﺑﻨﻴﺎﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ )ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺾ ﺍﻹﻗﺮﺍﺭ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٣٣٣/٥‬ﻭﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٩٦/٤‬ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺘﺒﻌﻴﺾ ﺍﻹﻗﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺧﺒﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻳﺎ‬
‫)ﺹ‪.(٣٦٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٣٣‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻻ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٤٤٢‬‬

‫‪] -١٣٢٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﻜﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﲔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻋﻘﺪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺑﺄﻟﻒ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺃﻗﻞ)‪(٢‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺑﻀﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ‬
‫ﺑﻐﺮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺭ‪ :‬ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺜﻤ ﹴﻦ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﻣﻌﻠﻮ ﹴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ)‪ (٤‬ﻟﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﲦ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﺮ ‪‬ﺭﺍ؛‬
‫ﻼ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺛﻮﺑﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﻠﲔ)‪ (٣‬ﺑﺄﻟﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻱ)‪ (٥‬ﻛﻢ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻛﻞ ﺛﻮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ‪.‬‬

‫]ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪
_

^

]

\  :(٧) ‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬

‫‪-١٣٢٦‬‬

‫ﺉ‬
‫`
‪ %g

f
e
d
c

b
a‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ]ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،[٢٩ :‬ﻓﺄﺿﺎﻑ‪ /‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻝ ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ ﺍﻣﺮ ﹴ‬
‫ﰲ )ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ‪ (٩‬ﺧﺼﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ)‪(١٠‬؛ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﻌﺘﻖ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺈﺫﻧﻪ؛ ﺇﻻ‪/‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺳ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻌﺘﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺭﺿﺎﺋﻪ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺏ ﻭﺍﳉﺪ ﻭﺍﻷﻡ‬ ‫‪ -١٣٢٧‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻩ)‪ ..(١٢‬ﻓﻴﻌﺘﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ)‪ :(١٣‬ﻳﻌﺘﻖ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻭﻟﺪ ]ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ[ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﺖ)‪.(٣)(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﻭﻋﱪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ )‪ (٢٦٩/٧‬ﺑﺎﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(٢٥٠‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﺻﺪﻕ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ‬
‫ﻧﺴﻮﺓ ﺃﻟﻔﹰﺎ‪ ..‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻣﻬﻮﺭﻫﻦ" ﻭﺗﻌﻘﺒﻪ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺃﻭﱃ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻤﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪﺭﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻗﺒﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻐﺼﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٣١‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٦٣٧-٦٣٦/٣‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ ،(٥٣٣-٥٣٢/٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٢٨٣/٩‬ﻭﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﲣﺮﻳﺞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‪$ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﺘﻖ ﺷﺮﻛﹰﺎ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﻋﺒﺪ‪.#...‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﻣﺬﻫﺒﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺘﻖ ﺑﺘﻤﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٤٤٣‬‬

‫‪ -١٣٢٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ]ﻳﻨﻔﻖ[ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ)‪] (٤‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻭﺻﻔﻨﺎﻩ[)‪.(٥‬‬

‫‪ -١٣٢٩‬ﻭﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺩﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪$ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺷﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،(٦)#‬ﻭﳌﺎ)‪ (١‬ﺿﻤﻦ ﺭﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﺷﻴﺔ)‪ (٢‬ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﺖ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﺘﻪ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ)‪.(٤)(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻌﺘﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻻﺑﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٣٠٢/٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﰲ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﻗﺮﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ )‪ ،(٧ :٧٤٧/٢‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻴﺼﺔ ﻣﺮﺳ ﹰ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ )‪ (٣١٥/١٠‬ﻭﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )‪ ،(٢٦٨‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ ،(٣٤٢-٣٤١/٨‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (٢٣٦٩١ :٩٧/٣٩‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﻓﺴﺪﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺷﻲ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ ،(٢٣٣٢‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ )ﺹ‪.(٧٩٦ :٢٠١‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀ ‪ ‬ﻣﻮﺻﻮ ﹰﻻ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ )‪ ،(٣١٦/١٠‬ﻭﺃﲪﺪ‬ ‫•‬
‫)‪ ،(١٨٦٠٦ :٥٦٨/٣٠‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺷﻲ ﺗﻔﺴﺪ ﺯﺭﻉ ﻗﻮﻡ‪ ،(٣٥٧٠) ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ ،(٣٤٢-٣٤١/٨‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪٥٧٥٢ :٣٣٤/٥‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ (٥٧٥٣‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺗﻀﻤﲔ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻓﺴﺪﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﺷﻴﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ ٥٧٥٢) ،‬ﻭ‪ ،(٥٧٥٣‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ‬
‫)‪ ،(٢٣٣٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ )‪ (١٥٥/٣‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪.(٤٨-٤٧/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ )‪ .(٣٥٦٩‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪ (٥٧٥٤ :٣٣٤/٥‬ﻭﻟﻔﻆ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪) :‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﳏﻴﺼﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﳏﻴﺼﺔ( ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ )‪ (٦٠٠٨ :٣٥٤/١٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪.(٣٤٢/٨‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﻣﺮﺳﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (٢٣٦٩٤ :١٠١/٣٩‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ‬ ‫•‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٧٩٦ :٢٠١‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪.(٣٤٢/٨‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀ ﻣﻮﺻﻮ ﹰﻻ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪ ،(٥٧٥٥‬ﻭﺿﻌﻔﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪" :‬ﺃﺧﺬﻧﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺜﺒﻮﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﺗﺼﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺭﺟﺎﻟﻪ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ )‪.(٣١٦/١٠‬‬
‫ﺙ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﱪ‪" :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ؛ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺳ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﻭﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﻓﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﹶﻠ ﱠﻘﻮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺒﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺮﻯ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺯﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺳﻴﻞ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﻓﺄﻟﻔﺎﻫﺎ ﺻﺤﺎﺣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﳛﺘﺠﻮﻥ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺴﺒﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ )‪.(٨٢/١١‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٤٤٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﺻﺤﺢ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻮﺻﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ )‪.(٢٣٨ :٤٧٧/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٤٩٠-٤٨٩/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺼﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻓﺄﺩﺭﻙ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ‪...‬‬
 ‫‪٤٤٥‬‬

‫‪6 PF‬א ?[‪ E١‬‬

‫‪ -١٣٣٠‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪
N
M
L  :(٢) ‬‬

‫‪]  T

S
R
Q
P
O‬ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،[٦ :‬ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪
«

ª
©


¨

§  :‬‬

‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﺔ ﺣﲔ ﺃﻣﺮ‬ ‫¬ ]ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ ،[٢٣٣ :‬ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ)‪]         :(٣‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،[٣ :‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺪﱠﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻫﻨ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ)‪ (٥‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻭﻟﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ)‪،(٧‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻭﻟﻠﻤﻤﻠﻮﻙ)‪ (٨‬ﻧﻔﻘﺘﻪ)‪ (٩‬ﻭﻛﺴﻮﺗﻪ)‪ (١٠‬ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ‪ (١١) ،#‬ﻭﻛﻞ)‪ (١٢‬ﺯﻭﺝ ﻟﻪ ﺯﻭﺟﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﻔﻘﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺴﻮ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﻣﻮﺳﺮﺓ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻘﲑﺓ)‪.(١٤)(١٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ]‪/٣٠‬ﺃ[‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺄﺧﺬ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺻ‪‬ﺨ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﺮﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺃﹸﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﻷُﻣﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﺪ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﺷﺮﺍﻑ‬
‫ﻗﺮﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﺎﺟﺮﹰﺍ ﳚﻬﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭ ﲟﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﹶﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﺇﹺﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳜﺮﺝ ﺃﹶﺣﻴﺎﻧﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺎﺩ ﻗﺮﻳﺸﹰﺎ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﹸﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﹶﺑﻮ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺻﺪﻳ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﹶﺳﻠﻢ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺘ ﹺﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻬﺪ‬
‫ﺣﻨﻴﻨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﹶﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﻏﻨﺎﺋﻤﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺑﻌﲑ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﺃﹸﻭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﹶﻋﻄﻰ ﺍﺑﻨﻴﻪ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﰲ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ )‪ ،(١٤٨/٥‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(٣٣٢/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻮﻙ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻧﻔﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺴﻮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﲟﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻜﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺴﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٢٢٦/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٢٢٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٥٩-٤٥٨‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ٣٠٢/٨‬ﻭ‪.(٣١٠‬‬
‫‪ ٤٤٦‬‬

‫‪ -١٣٣١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﻌﺴ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ)‪ (١‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻟ ﹸﻜ ﱢﻞ ﻳﻮ ﹴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻗﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﳋﺎﺩﻣﻬﺎ؛ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺴﻬﺎ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ)‪ (٣‬ﻧﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻻ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٣٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻜﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺩﻡ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺩﺍ)‪ ..(٨‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺪ ﻭﺛﻠﺚ)‪(٩‬؛ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﰲ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٣٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻕ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٣٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺳ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺪﺍﻥ)‪(١٠‬؛ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺠﺮﺓ)‪.(١٢)(١١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳜﺪﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٢٩/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ٤٥٨‬ﻭ‪ (٤٥٩‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ٣٠٢/٨‬ﻭ‪.(٣١٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٢٦/٦‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣١٥/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺶ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺳﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﹶﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﳋﱠﻠ ﹸﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳ‪‬ﺮﻣ ‪‬ﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺶ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺳﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻮ ﹴﺯ ﻭﻋﻴ ﹴ‬
‫ﺾ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﺣﺎﺟ‪‬ﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺗﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﺇﹺﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺍﻷَﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﻛﻠﱡﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍ َﻷﻣ‪‬ﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(١٧٩/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ‪ ..‬ﻣﺪ ﻭﻧﺼﻒ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٣١/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٥٨‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٠٢/٨‬‬
‫ﻳﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪(٤٧٦/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٣٠/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٥٨‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٠٢/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺠﺮﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﲎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﰲ ﻛﻨﻴﺘﻪ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫ﺖ ﻳﺪ ﻛﻌﺐ ﰲ‬‫‪ ‬ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻬﺪ ﻋﻤﺮﺓ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﻄ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﻐﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺳﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ )‪ ،(١٣٢١/٣‬ﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(١٨١/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤﻠﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻤﻞ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻬﻲ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻊ ﺑﻠﻎ‬
‫ﳉ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺑﻚ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﲡﺪ ﺷﺎﺓ؟‪ #‬ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻓﺼﻢ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺑﻚ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺭﻯ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﻒ ﺻﺎﻉ‪.#‬‬‫ﲔ ﻧﺼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃﻃﻌﻢ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﻛﲔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﻜ ﹴ‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٤٤٧‬‬

‫‪ -١٣٣٥‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻮﺓ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺴ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻌﺴﺮﺓ‪ ..‬ﻗﺪﺭ ﻣﺎ‪ (١)/‬ﻳﻮﺍﺭﻳﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻴﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻻ‬
‫ﲤﻮﺕ ﺑﺮ ‪‬ﺩﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺆﺫﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻟﺒﺎﺱ ﺑﻠﺪﻫﺎ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺸﺒﻬﻬﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪/٦٥) /‬ﺏ( ﻣﻮﺳﺮﺓ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺴﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﺒﺲ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ]ﳑﻦ‬ ‫‪ -١٣٣٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺸﺒﻬﻬﺎ[)‪ (٥‬ﰲ ﺑﻠﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻋﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺑﺎﺣﺖ ﺑﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻌﻄﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٣٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﻼﳘﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﳍﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳋﺰ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻮﺷﻲ ﻭﻻ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺮ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﻱ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﳍﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﺒﺲ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﳑﻦ ﻳﺸﺒﻬﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻠﺪﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻠﺪﻩ)‪ ،(١٣‬ﻭﻟﻠﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫]ﻋﻠﻰ[ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٣٨‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﻡ)‪ (٩‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺴﺮ‬
‫ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻠﻤﻮﺳﺮﻳﻦ)‪ (١‬ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﺩﻩ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﶈﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺻﺎﻉ‪ ،(١٨١٦) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺞ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺟﻮﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺣﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺮﻡ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺃﺫﻯ‪.(١٢٠١) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٣٢‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﻜﻔﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٢٩/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٥٩‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣١١-٣١٠/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻮﺳﺮﺓ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺴﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٢٢٩/٦‬ﻭﻓﺮﺽ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﻮﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﺴﻰ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺒﻠﺪﻫﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮ" ﻓﻬﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﳐﺎﻟﻒ ﳌﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ؟‪.‬‬
‫)‪" (٧‬ﺍﻟ ﹸﻘﻮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻲ‪ :‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺛﻴﺎﺏ ﺑﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺴﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮ ‪‬ﻫﺴﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﲔ ﻧﻴﺴﺎﺑﻮﺭ ﻭﻫﺮﺍﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺛﻮﺏ ﻗﻮﻫﻲ ﳌﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻨﺴﺞ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺛﻮﺏ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻪ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ‬
‫)‪.(٤٨٠-٤٧٩/٣٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﻭ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼﺩ ﲞﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﺑﻞ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻡ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٥٢٠/٣٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺩﺍﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺴﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻭﺳﻂ ﺃﻫﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٤٤٨‬‬

‫‪ -١٣٣٩‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺻﻐﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻣﻴﺎﺳﲑ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٤٠‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻭﺟﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳍﺎ ﳊﺎﻝ ﺑﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ)‪ (٤‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻋﻮﺽ ﺻﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٤١‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺯﻣﲎ ﻛﺒﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ‪ (٦)/‬ﻧﻔﻘﺘﻬﻢ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ)‪.(٨) (٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٤٢‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻟﺪ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺳﻔﻠﻮﺍ؛ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭ؛ ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻬﻢ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٤٣‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﳚﱪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺟﺪﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻷﺏ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺯﻣﲎ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٤٤‬ﻭﳚﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﳉﺪﺍﺕ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺣﺎﳍﻢ ﺯﻣﲎ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺀ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٤٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﻏﲑ ﺯﻣﲎ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ)‪ (١٢‬ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺀ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘﻮ‪‬ﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺐ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﱪ)‪ (١٣‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻧﻔﻘﺘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﻨﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﺻﻐ ‪‬ﲑﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﳊﻠﻢ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺯﻣ‪‬ﻨﺎ)‪ ..(١٤‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻠﻤﻮﺳﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻠﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﲟﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٢٦/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٦٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٤٨/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻮﻟﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٣٠‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٢٦/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٦٣‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٤٧/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٢٦/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٨٣/٩‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٦٣‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٤٥/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٢٧-٢٢٦/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٦٣‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٤٥-٣٤٤/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٢٧-٢٢٦/٦‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٤٥/٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﻧﺜﻰ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺭﺛﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﲨﺎﻋ‪‬ﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻜﺎﻧﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳚﱪﻭﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺯﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٤٤٩‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٤٦‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺥ ﻭﺍﻷﺧﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﳏﺘﺎﺟﲔ ؛ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤﻬﹺﻢ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،(٣)/‬ﻭﱂ ﳚﻤﻊ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻹﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﻉ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺛﺔ)‪.(٦)(٥‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻭﺃﻧﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﳍﺎ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻬﺎ)‪(٨‬؛‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٤٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺩﻋﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ :‬ﺍﻟﺒ‪‬ﻴﻨ ﹸﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌ ‪‬ﺪﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋﻰ‪ /‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،(٩)#‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٤٨‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﺣﺎﺿ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻣﻀﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻳﻔﺮﺽ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﻭﻳﺘﺒﻊ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫‪ -١٣٤٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ)‪ (١١‬ﻏﺎﺋ‪‬ﺒﺎ )ﰲ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ..(١٢‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ)‪ (١٣‬ﻗﻮﳍﺎ ﺃﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻌﻄﻴﻬﺎ)‪ (٢‬ﻧﻔﻘﺘﻬﺎ)‪،(٣‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ)‪) ،(٤‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪.(٦) (٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٣٤/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٨٣/٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٣٣‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳚﺘﻤﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٨٨/٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٣١/٦‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٤٤٧/١١‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪.(١٧١/٢٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪$‬ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ #‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻭﺃﳝﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﲦﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﻠﻴﻼﹰ‪ ،(٤٥٥٢) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻗﻀﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.(١٧١١) ،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺑﻜﻼ ﺷﻄﺮﻳﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،(١٣٤١) ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﰲ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻘﺎﻝ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ )‪ ،(٢١٨/٤‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪.(٢٥٢/١٠‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ (٢٥٢/١٠‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻜﺮ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪" :‬ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ"‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻍ )ﺹ‪.(١٢١٠ :٤٤٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪ (١٨١/٢‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳋﺮﺷﻲ )‪.(٢٠١/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﻗﻮﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٤٥٠‬‬

‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٥٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺛﺒﺘﺖ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٥١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ]ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ[‪ :‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ]ﻗﺪ[ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺣﻘﻪ ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻧﺰﻳﻠﻪ)‪ (٨‬ﻟﱪﺍﺀﺓ)‪ (٩‬ﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻯ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻡ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬

‫‪] -١٣٥٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ[ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ (١٠)  {z y x : ‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ‪،‬‬

‫ﺸ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟﻌﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﻓﺄﻭﺟﺐ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﺟﺐ ]ﺍﷲ[ ﺍﳌﲑﺍﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻏﺎﺋ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻏﻴﺒﺘﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻠﺰﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺒﻠﻐﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﻴﺔ ﻓﺒﻠﻐﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ)‪ :(١١‬ﺣﻀﺖ‪..‬‬
‫)‪(١٣‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻀﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﲑﺍﺙ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ‪..‬‬ ‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻘﺒﻞ ﻗﻮﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺒﻄﻞ‬
‫)‪(١٥‬‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪{zy x  :‬‬ ‫ﻗﻀﻴﻨﺎ)‪ (١٤‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ ﺑﺎﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﻦ‪] ،‬ﺑﻞ[ ﻫﺬﺍ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺒﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺗﻌﻄﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٣١/٦‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٤٤٧/١١‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪.(١٧١/٢٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪" :(١٨١/٢‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﺎﺋﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ ﺳﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﺑﻌﺚ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﻭﺃﺟﺮﻳﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺭﻓﻌﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻌﺪﺕ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻐﻴﺒﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺭﻓﻌﺖ ﻭﻻ ﻳﱪﺋﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ ﲟﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺜﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﻨﻔﻌﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺑﺪﺍﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﺋﻊ )‪.(٢٩/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺛﺒﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺰﻳﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﱪﺍﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪.٢ :‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻧﻘﻂ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺒﻄﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺗﻠﺘﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲟﺜﻨﺎﺓ ﻓﻮﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﲢﺘﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،.‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻘﻀﻴﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻫﻮ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٤٥١‬‬

‫ )ﻓﻤﻦ ﺛﺒﺖ‪ (١‬ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺗﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺛﺒﺖ ‪‬ﺣ ﱡﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺒﻄ ﹸﻞ)‪ (٢‬ﺫﻟﻚ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﲔ ﺑﻐﻴﺒﺔ ﺍﳋﺼﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﺠﺔ ﻓﻴﺪﻉ ﺍﻟﻴﻘﲔ )ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻱ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻚ‪ ،(٣‬ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻮ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻻ ﻭﺍﺭﺙ ﻟﻪ‪ (٤)/‬ﻗﻀﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﺑﻴﻨﺘﻪ‪..‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﻀﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺪﻋﻲ ﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻏﺎﺋﺒﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﱴ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻜﺬﺍ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٥٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ)‪ (٧‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻮﻃﺄ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﳍﺎ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺼﲑ ﳑﻦ ﺗﻮﻃﺄ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٥٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻄﻠﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺮ ﻭﺗﺒﺢ)‪ (٩‬ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻟﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﳍﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺗﻄﻠﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺒﻴﺢ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪/٦٦)/‬ﺏ( ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻣﺴﻜﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﺑﺎﺣﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬
‫]ﻟﻪ[‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ[‪ :‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ)‪(١١‬؛ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫‪ -١٣٥٥‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ]ﺃﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﳑﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﺑﺴﺒﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ ﺇﱄ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٥٦‬ﻭﻗﻮﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺗﻄﻠﺐ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٥٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ )ﺍﻟﺼﻐ ‪‬ﲑ()‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻮ)‪ (٢‬ﳑﻦ ﻻ ﳚﺎﻣ ‪‬ﻊ)‪ ..(٣‬ﻓﻼ ﻧﻔﻘ ﹶﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺒﲑ ‪‬ﺓ ]ﻋﻠﻴﻪ[‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻉ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻚ‪.‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻱ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٣٤‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻤﱴ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٦١/٩‬ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻐﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺄﺗﻰ ﲨﺎﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺘﺄﺗﻰ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻫﻖ" ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﻫﻖ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻍ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺑﻌﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٢٧/٦‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﳑﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺬﻫﺒ‪‬ﺎ" ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٥٣٨‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٦١‬ﻭﻋﱪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٣٠/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﻭﺗﺒﻴﺢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٢٢٧/٦‬ﻭ‪ ٢٢٨‬ﻭ‪ (٢٣٢‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٥٣٨‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٦٠‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٢٣-٣٢١‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٦٠‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٣٥/٣‬‬
‫‪ ٤٥٢‬‬

‫‪ -١٣٥٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﳚﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﲡﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ)‪ ..(٦‬ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٥٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪] :‬ﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ ﺇﻥ[ ﳍﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﲨﻴ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﺻﻐﲑﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٦٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﳜﲑ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﲔ ﺃﺑﻮﻳﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﺒﻊ‪ (٩)/‬ﺳﻨﲔ ﺃﻭ ﲦﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﲔ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٦١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (١١‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻷﻡ ﺃﺣﻖ ﺑﻪ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٦٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ)‪ :(١٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺮﺝ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻠﺪ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻷﺏ ﺃﺣﻖ ﺑﻪ)‪.(١٥‬‬
‫‪(١٦‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﰲ ]ﻭﻗﺖ[‬ ‫‪) -١٣٦٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻛﺎﻓﺮ ﹰﺓ ]ﺃﻭ ﺃﻣﺔ[‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻷﺏ ﺃﺣﻖ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻀﺎﻧﺔ؛ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺛﻐﺮ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲡﺎﻣﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٦١/٩‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٦١‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٣٨/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳚﺎﻣﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٢٨/٦‬ﻗﻮﻟﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺁﺧﺮ )‪ (٢٣٢/٦‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٦١/٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﳚﱪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٣٠‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﻕ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻷﻡ ﺃﺣﻖ ﺑﻮﻟﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﺗﺘﺰﻭﺝ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺻﻐﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺃﺣﺪﻫﻢ ﺳﺒﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﲦﺎﱐ ﺳﻨﲔ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻞ‪ ..‬ﺧ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﲔ ﺃﺑﻮﻳﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٣٩/٦‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٥٤٤‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٤٩٩/١١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٤٦٦‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٦٠/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻟﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺏ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻘﻴﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻘﻞ‪ .‬ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٢٤١/٦‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (/١١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٠٦/٩‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٦٢/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٤٥٣‬‬

‫‪ -١٣٦٤‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪  ¸  ¶ :‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ]ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪) ،[٦ :‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﱂ‬

‫‪(٤‬‬
‫ﳜﺘﻠﻒ‪ (٢‬ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ]ﰲ[ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ)‪ (٣‬ﺇﻻ ﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﺣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻀﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ )ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮﺓ‬
‫]ﻭﻻ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ[ ﻭﻻﻳ ﹲﺔ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٦٥‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺳﻴﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﻤﻦ)‪] (٦‬ﳍﺎ[‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﺮ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ]ﻓﺈﻥ ﺿﻤﻨﻬﺎ[‪ ..‬ﻓﺒﺎﻃﻞ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻳﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻭﱂ ﺗﺄﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٦٦‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺪ ﻣﺎﻝ‪..‬‬
‫ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺣﺐ‪ (٩)/‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺮﻩ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٦٧‬ﻭﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﻜﺴﺒﻪ‪ ..‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺛﻐﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٢٤٠/٦‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﺛﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻏﲑ ﺛﻘﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﺃﻭﻻﳘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻐﲑ ﲣﻴﲑ" ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٥٠٣/١١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٩٨/٩‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٦٦‬ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺰ ﻭﰲ )ﺹ‪ (٤٦٧‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪- ٣٥٨/٨‬ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺰ‪ -‬ﻭﺹ‪- ٣٦٠‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺰ‪.-‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﻀﻤﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﱂ ﳚﺐ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢١٥/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١١٥/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٣٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٢٥-٢٢٤/٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٩٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢١٥/٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٢٨/٦‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١١٦/٦‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﻋﻨﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻭﻻ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﻤﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﲔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻳﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﺑﺈﺫﻧﻪ ﻟﻌﺒﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻭﺍﺝ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻹﺫﻥ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪" (٢١٥/٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺫﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﻤﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻻ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﳚﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ‬
‫ﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪ ..‬ﺻﺢ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٣٥‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١١٦-١١٥/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٣٠‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٩٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢١٥/٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(٣٢٨/٦‬‬
‫‪ ٤٥٤‬‬

‫‪ -١٣٦٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻛﺴﺐ‪ ..‬ﻓﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻃﻠﺒﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫‪ -١٣٦٩‬ﻭﻻ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﻟﻮﻟﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻣﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺫﻭﻱ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻭﻱ ﻣﺎﻝ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٧٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻃﻠﻖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺳﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻷﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ]ﺍﻷﻣ ﹶﺔ[‪ /‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﺑﻼ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺣﺠ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٧١‬ﻭﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻭﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭ ﹸﻛﱠﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ‪‬ﺣﻬﺎ ]ﻟﻪ[‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪] -١٣٧٢‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻨﻔﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ‪ ..[:‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻉ‬
‫ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻭﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪،(٦)#‬ﻭﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪
d

c
b

a
`
_
^  :‬‬

‫‪]  f

e‬ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻞ‪.[٧٥ :‬‬

‫‪ -١٣٧٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺣﺠﺒﺖ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﱂ ﳛﺘﺎﺟﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺒﺴﻮﻫﺎ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﳚﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٢٥/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٢٣٥/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٢٣٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٦٢‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٣٩/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٣٤/٦‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٤٥/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٣٤/٦‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺰﻭﺝ ﻏﲑ ﺗﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﲡﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺄﻥ ﺳﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﻟﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﳚﺐ ﺷﻄﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﳍﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﲡﺐ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﱪ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﻭﺟﻪ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪.(٢١٩/٧‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣١٣‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﺍﳊﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﻮﺋﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﻴﺘ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺣﺘﺎﺝ ﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺧﺪﻣﺘﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﳍﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻭ‪‬ﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﲤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻮ ﺳﺎﻣﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻓﺴﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﻟﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﻘﻂ )ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ( ﻟﻌﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪)" (٢١٨/٣‬ﻭﻻ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ( ﺃﻱ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻟﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻜﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﲡﺐ ﻟﻮﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﳚﺐ ﺷﻄﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﳍﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢١٩/٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٩٣‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٧٢/٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٣١/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ، ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺣﻠﺐ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪،(٢٣٧٩) ،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻉ ﳔ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﲦﺮ‪.(١٥٤٣) ،‬‬
 ‫‪٤٥٥‬‬

‫‪ -١٣٧٤‬ﻭﻻﺑﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﻤﻠﻮﻛﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳍﺎ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺗﺘﺮﻙ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻠﻮﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻒ‪] ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺛﻠﺚ[‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﻤﻤﻠﻮﻛﺔ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﻻ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻭﻝ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﻻ ﺁﺧﺮﻩ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ)‪ (٢‬ﳛﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ]ﺳﻴﺪ‪‬ﻫﺎ[‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﻤﻠﻮﻛﺔ ﺃﻥ ﳚﻌﻞ ﳍﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪] -١٣٧٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹶﺓ ﺑﻌﺎﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻭﺁﺟ ﹴﻞ)‪ ..(٤‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺠﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺟﻞ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪..‬‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺘﺠﺮﻭﺍ‪ ..‬ﻭﺿﻊ ﳍﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻱ ﻋﺪﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﺩﺧﻠﺖ‬ ‫‪ -١٣٧٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺩﻓﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺﺇﱃ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(١٠)(٩‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺯﺍﺩ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﻻ ﺁﺧﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪" :(٢١٨/٣‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻗﺘﻀﻰ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ‪ ...‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﻍ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻏﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﲝﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﻼﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻃﻠﻖ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪) " :(٣٧١/٧‬ﻭﺳﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺰﻭﺝ ﻟﻴﻼ( ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﻍ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﶈﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﰲ ﻗﻴﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ"‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪" :(٣٣١/٦‬ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﻏﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺇﻥ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺃﺧﺬﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻀﻲ ﺛﻠﺚ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ ..‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﺁﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٢٥٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺩﺧﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٢٥٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﺧﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٤٥٦‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א‪ QNdq‬‬

‫‪ -١٣٧٧‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﲨﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ‪ :‬ﻛﻞ ﳝﲔ ﺣﻠﻒ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻉ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻟ‪‬ﻤﺠﺎﻭﺯﺓ)‪ (٢)/ (١‬ﺍﳋﺘﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﳋﺘﺎ ﹶﻥ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٧٨‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺣﻠﻒ ﺃﻻ ﻳﻄﺄ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﲟﻮ ﹴﻝ)‪.(٥)(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٧٩‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺇﻳﻼﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ)‪.(٦‬‬

‫‪ -١٣٨٠‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ (٧)/:‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪
V


U
T

S

R
Q :(٨) ‬‬

‫‪]  W‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ[ ]ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ ،[٢٢٦ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ)‪ (٩‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺮ‪  Z

Y :‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪
`  :‬‬

‫‪  b

a‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ]ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪.[٢٢٧ :‬‬

‫‪] -١٣٨١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﻊ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٨٢‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺣﻠﻒ ﻣﺒﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻃﻠﺒﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻄﻠﹶﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ)‪.(١٠‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﳏﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻝ‪ :‬ﲟﺠﺎﻭﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٢٢‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫ﳊ‪‬ﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺁﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻉ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻣﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻁﺀ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪ :‬ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻃﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻉ ﺣﻜﻤﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٤٣/٣‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(١٥٨/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﲟﻮﱄ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٧٣/٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٤٣/٣‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٦٠/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٦٧٣/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٦٧٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٣٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٤٣/٣‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٥٩/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٣٦‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٦٨٠/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٦٨١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ٤٣٢‬ﻭ‪ (٤٣٣‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ١٥٩/٨‬ﻭ‪.(١٧٢‬‬
 ‫‪٤٥٧‬‬

‫‪ -١٣٨٣‬ﰒ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ، ‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﻋﺰﳝﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ..‬ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺮ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪/٦٧)/:‬ﺏ( ﻳﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﳌﹸﻮﱄ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮﺍ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ]ﻛﺎﻥ[ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ]ﻣﻨﻬﻢ[‬
‫ﺃﺷﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ..‬ﺃﻭﱃ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻧﻄﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻴﺌﺔ)‪ (٤‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻕ)‪ (٥‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ]ﺃﺷﻬﺮ[‪ ..‬ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨ ﹸﺔ ﻣﻦ ﹶﺃﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﺃﺷﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﱠﻝ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮ ﹸﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﻳﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﳌﹸﻮﱄ‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻧﻜﺎﺣ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ)‪] (٨‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺰﻳﻠﻪ[ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻴﻘﲔ‬
‫ﺯﻭﺟﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻕ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺰﻭﻝ)‪ (٧‬ﻳﻘ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﻘﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﺠﺰ ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻨﺼﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻚ)‪ (١٢‬ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﳊ ‪‬ﺪﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺸ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﺻﻮ‪‬ﺗﺎ ﺃﻭ ﳚﺪ ﺭ ‪‬ﳛﺎ‪ ،(١١)#‬ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺰﻭ ﹸﻝ ﻳﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮ ِﺀ ﹺﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﻳﻘﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻴﻘﲔ ﺍﳊﺪﺙ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻩ )‪ (٤٨٢-٤٧٨/٤‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪  :‬ﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺆﻟﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻬﻢ  ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬ ‫)‪ ،(٥٢٩١‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺩﺍﺀ ﻭﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﺛﲏ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺑﻀﻌ ﹶﺔ ﻋﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ )‪ (٦٦٧/٦‬ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﺭ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺃﺩﺭﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﳌﹸﻮﻟ‪‬ﻲ«" ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ )‪ (٦٦٩-٦٦٧/٦‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪» :‬ﻳ‪‬ﻮﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻨﺪ‪‬ﺍ )‪ (٤٩٧-٤٨٨/٤‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺩﺍﺀ ‪. ‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻕ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﻮﱄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺰﻳﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻨﻔﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺀ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻮﺿﺄ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻚ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﻴﻘﻦ‪ ،(١٣٧) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻴﻘﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﰒ ﺷﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﺙ ﻓﻠﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﻄﻬﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﺗﻠﻚ‪.(٣٦١) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﺸﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٤٥٨‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺣ ‪‬ﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ ‪-‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪ ..-‬ﺃﻥ‬ ‫‪ -١٣٨٤‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺾ ﻟﻪ ]ﺑﻪ[‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻨﲔﹺ؛ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻄﻠﺐ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﳍﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺣﻖ ﻓﻠﻢ)‪ (٣‬ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ‪‬‬
‫‪ (٥) -١٣٨٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻲﺀ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻬﲔ؛ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻉ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﰲ ﻋﺬﺭ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ)‪.(٨) (٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٨٦‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﻨﺚ ]ﰲ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ[ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ‪ ..‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫‪] -١٣٨٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﻀﺐ‪/‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺒﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻠﻖ ﺃﻭ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﷲ ﰲ ﻏﻀﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺿﻰ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﻜﻤﻪ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٨٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺁﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﰒ ﻃﻠﻖ‪‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻃﻼﻗﻪ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ‪ ..‬ﺳﻘﻂ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺭﺟﻌﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺣﻨﺚ ﻭﻛﻔﺮ ]ﻋﻦ[ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺝ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺇﻳﻼﺋﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺷﻲﺀ ﰒ ﻭﻃﺌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻟ‪‬ﻴﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﺪﻡ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ ﺃﻫﺪﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٨٩‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻻ ﳜﺘﻠﻔﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻞ ﳝﲔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟﻞ ﰲ ﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺑﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ ..‬ﺳﻘﻄﺖ)‪ (١‬ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﳝﺎﻥ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٢‬ﺭﺟﻌﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺯﻭﺝ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻷﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻄﻠﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﻴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٨٥-٦٨٤/٦‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٤٩٩‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٣٤‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٧٤/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٨٤/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٧٣‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٥٠٠‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٣٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪ (٣٥١/٣‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٧٦/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٣٧‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٧٧/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٧٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٤٥/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻃﺊ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٤٥٩‬‬

‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﲞﻠﻊ ]ﻛﺎﻥ[ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻹﻳﻼﺀ ﻭﺍﻗﻒ ﲝﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‬ ‫‪ -١٣٩٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻃﻼﹸﻗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹰﺓ‪ /‬ﺑﺎﺋ‪‬ﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻌﻘﺪﺓ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺯﻭﺝ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺯﻭﺝ‪ ..‬ﻓﺴﻮﺍﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٥‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻘﻴﺖ)‪ (٦‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ ﺷﻲﺀ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻃﻼﻗﹸﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹰﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻹﻳﻼﺀ ﻭﺍﻗﻒ ﲝﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‬ ‫‪ -١٣٩١‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻌﻘﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﺷﻲﺀ)‪(٩‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺭﲡﻌﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ)‪ (١٠‬ﻗﺪ ﻣﻀﻰ ﻹﻳﻼﺋﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻃﻼﻗﻪ ﺇﻳﺎﻫﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻓﻄﻠﺒﺖ ﻭﻗﻔﻪ ﺣﲔ ﺍﺭﲡﻌﻬﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‪ ..‬ﻭﻗﻒ ﳍﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ ‪‬ﺟ ﱠﻞ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ ]ﻗﺪ[‬
‫ﻣﻀﻰ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺯﻭﺟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻣﻨﻌﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻑ)‪ (١١‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ..‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺝ ﳑﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺭﲡﻊ‪ ..‬ﻭﻗﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ]ﻗﺪ[ ﻣﻀﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ ﺷﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻃﻼﻗﻪ ﰒ ﺃﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺷﻬ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻃﻼﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻌﺘﻪ ﰒ ﺍﺭﲡﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ]ﻗﺪ[ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ‪ (١)/‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺿﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺳﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﱵ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٨٨-٦٨٧/٦‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﲢﺮﻳﺮ ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺏ )ﺹ‪ (٢٢٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٩٣/٣‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ‬
‫)‪ ١١٠/٢‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﻃﻠﻖ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺳﻘﻂ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ ﻭﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺋﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ ﻳﺒﻄﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻦ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٨٨/٦‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﺷﻲﺀ"‪ .‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ١١١/٢‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ(‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﺢ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺏ )ﺹ‪ (٣٣٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﰲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٣١٩/١٠‬ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺰﻡ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﲢﺮﻳﺮ ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺷﺮﺣﻪ‬
‫ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ )ﺹ‪ (٢٢٧‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٩٣/٣‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺭﺟ‪‬ﺢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺮﻯ ﻛﺎﻟﻜﱪﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٨٧/٦‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٣١٩/١٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٥٢-٢٥١/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻜﺄﻧﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺎﻕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٣٨‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٤٦٠‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ)‪ (١‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺯﻭﺟﺔ‪ (٢)/‬ﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﻃﻠﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ‪ ..‬ﻭ‪‬ﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻗﻞ‪ ..‬ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻗﻒ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺄﻣﺴﻜﺖ ﰒ ﻃﻠﺒﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ‪) ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﳍﺎ ﺷﻲﺀ‪.(٥) (٤‬‬
‫‪) -١٣٩٢‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻊ ﺇﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﻣﻀﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ)‪ (٧‬ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ‪ (٨‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ)‪ (١‬ﰒ ﺧﺎﻟﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻣﺖ‬
‫ﳐﺎﻟﻌﺔ ﻣﺪﺓ ﰒ ﺗﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻌﺔ ﻳﻮﻗﻒ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﱪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -١٣٩٣‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ]ﰲ[ ﺃﻥ ﻓﺮﺟﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﳏﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٢٣‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﺗﺴﺘﺄﻧﻒ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻮﻗﻒ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻀﻲ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٦٨٧/٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٢٥٢-٢٥١/٨‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺁﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ ﰒ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﺭﺟﻌﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﳉﺮﻳﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻮﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻮ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺍﺳﺘﺆﻧﻔﺖ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻹﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺇﳕﺎ ﳛﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﻻﻣﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺍﱄ ﰲ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﱄ ﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒﻨ‪‬ﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ؛ ﲣﺮﳚ‪‬ﺎ ﳑﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﰒ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻁﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺒﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﻝ"‪ .‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﳌﺪ ﹸﺓ ﺇﻥ‬
‫"ﻭﻟﻮ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ ﻃﻠﻘﺔ ﺭﺟﻌﻴﺔ ﲟﻄﺎﻟﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ًﺀ ﰒ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗ‪‬ﺴﺘﺄﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺑﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺆﻗﺘ ﹰﺔ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ"‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻴﻤ ‪‬‬
‫)‪.(٢٣٣/٩‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٥٢/٨‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﱄ ﺣﻜﻰ ﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺒﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﲣﺮﻳﺞ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺣﻜﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﱄ ﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﲣﺮﳚ‪‬ﺎ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻗﻮ ﹲﻝ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻃﻠﺒﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺣﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺇﺷﻜﺎﻝ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬
‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻛﺄﻱ ﺯﻭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻃﻠﺒﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﻻ ﺯﺍﻝ ﳑﻨﻮﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﻴﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺣﻘﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺴﻘﻂ ﺑﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪)" :(٣٥٠/٣‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺗﺮﻛﺖ ﺣﻘﻬﺎ( ﺑﺴﻜﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﺈﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﻋﻨﻪ‪) ..‬ﻓﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ( ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﺗﻨﺘﻪ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ" ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٤٣٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺯﻭﺟﺔ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻗﺮﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٤٦١‬‬

‫ﺣﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺮﺟﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻭﻗﻌﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﻪ)‪ (٢‬ﺇﻥ ﺑﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺇﻳﻼﺀ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻻ ﳛﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻓﺮﺟﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪] -١٣٩٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﹶﻃﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ‪/٦٨)/‬ﺏ( ﰒ ﺁﱃ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻃﻼﻗﻪ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻠ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪..(٣‬‬
‫ﻓﻼ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺇﻳﻼﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٣٩٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﻣﺪ ﹲﺓ ﻣﻦ ﳝﻴﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻮﻃﺌﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﹶﻛ ﹼﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻦ ﳝﻴﹺﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻮﻗﻒ ﳍﺎ؛‬
‫ﻒ ﰲ ﺃﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻛﺮﺟ ﹴﻞ ﺣﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻑ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﳏﺴﻮ ﹴ‬
‫ﺤ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻹﻳﻼ ِﺀ ﻣﻮﻗﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -١٣٩٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﻃﻠﹼﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹰﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺛﻨﺘ ﹺ‬
‫ﲔ ﰒ ﺁﱃ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻳﺮﲡﻌ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ)‪ (٧‬ﺍﺭﲡﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﺭﲡﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ)‪ (٨‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﲤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻒ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ ﻓﺎﻧﻘﻀﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻭﻗﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻒ‪ ..‬ﻃﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻄﻠﻴﻘﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻠﺰﻭﺝ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻣﻨﻌﻘﺪ ﹲﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﳝ‪‬‬ ‫ﳊ ‪‬ﺮ ﺳﻮﺍ ٌﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫‪] -١٣٩٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﻳﻼ ُﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﺍ ﹸ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﳝﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﳝﲔ ﻣﻨﻌﻘﺪﺓ‪/‬‬ ‫ﷲ‪‬ﰲ‬
‫ﺏﺍِ‬ ‫‪ -١٣٩٨‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠ ﹸﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺁﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻻ ﲢﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻻ ﳛﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﺎﺋﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻟﻮ ﺭﻓﻌﺖ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ :‬ﺧﻠﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٨٤/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٧٣‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪٢٢٩/٨‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﻭ‪.(٢٥١‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٢٩/٨‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٨٤/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ٢٢٩/٨‬ﻭ‪.(٢٥١‬‬ ‫)‪( ٩‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻷ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫‪ ٤٦٢‬‬

‫)‪(٦‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﳝﻠﻚ‪ ..‬ﺻﻮ ‪‬ﻡ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﳜﺘﻠﻔﻮﺍ ﺇﺫ‬ ‫‪] -١٣٩٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻓﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ)‪(٧‬؛ ﻛﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ)‪ (٨‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﳚﺪ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻓﺮﻗﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﻛﺎﳊﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﺟﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﻨﺚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﻠﻒ ﰲ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ)‪ ..(١٢‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺟﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻼﹸﻗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺗﻄﻠﻴﻘﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪﺗ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺣﻴﻀﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪ -١٤٠٠‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ‪‬؟‬
‫ﻑ)‪ (١‬ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻹﻳﻼ ُﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴ ﹸﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﺒﻴ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺃﻭﱃ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫‪ -١٤٠١‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﲞﻼ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻤﱢﺜ ﹶﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ﹶﻄﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻉ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻔ ‪‬ﺔ)‪ (٣‬ﺣﺎﺩﺛ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ]ﻭﻻ[ ﻏﲑﻩ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳊﺪ)‪ ..(٥‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﳐﺎﻟ ﹰﻔﺎ ﻟﻠﻴﻤ ﹺ‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﳌﻨﻌﻘﺪ ‪‬ﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٣٩‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﺭﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﹶﺷﻬ ﹴﺮ ﻛﺎﳊﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪-‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪ -‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻔﺮ‪‬ﻕ ﰲ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﻴ‪‬ﻮﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﳌﺪ ﹸﺓ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٨٣/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٧٣‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٥٠٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٥١/٨‬‬ ‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﱂ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﺩﺩﺓ ﺑﲔ )ﺇﻥ( ﻭ)ﺇﺫ( ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‪:‬‬ ‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺇﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﺇﺫ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺟﻌﻠﻮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٩‬ﺃﳊﻘﺖ ﰲ ﻫﺎﻣﺶ )ﺃ( ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ )ﺻﺢ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺮﻗﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺮ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﲡﺪ ﻓﺼ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻓﻴﺼﻮﻡ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻭﻋﺪﻣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻑ ﺃﻭ ﻓﺎﳋﻼﻑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻛﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰲ ﺻﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﺮ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٤٦٣‬‬

‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺑﻪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻘﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺑﻪ ﻓﻔﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‪ ..‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﺳﻘﻄﺖ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺾ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ ﳝﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ)‪ ..(١‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﱃ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ‪ /‬ﺎ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ‪..‬‬ ‫ﳊ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻻ ﺍﳊﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﹺﺑ‪‬ﻴﻤﻴﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﹶﺃﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ)‪ (٤‬ﺯﻭﺟ ﹲﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺪ)‪ (٥‬ﰒ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮﺍ ﰲ ﻃﻼﻗﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫‪ -١٤٠٢‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﻭ)‪ (٦‬ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺰﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ)‪ (٧‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪.‬‬
‫‪] -١٤٠٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺁﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻫﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹲﺔ ﰒ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﺍﻧﻔﺴ ‪‬ﺦ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻹﻳﻼ ُﺀ)‪،(٨‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ‪ ..‬ﹶﻛ ﱠﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻦ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﹸﻮﱄ ]ﻭﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗ‪‬ﻪ[ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫‪ -١٤٠٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻜ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪ ..‬ﹸﺃ ﹺﺭﻳ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻋﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻠﻦ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺛﻴ‪‬ﺒﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﳝﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﳏﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻫﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻠﻌﺒﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٦٨٩/٦‬ﺳﻘﻂ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ ﺑﺎﻧﻔﺴﺎﺥ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ" ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٧٣‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٢٤٩/٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫)‪.(٢٦٠/٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٦٨٩/٦‬‬ ‫)‪( ٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٩٣/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٧٤‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻠﻦ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﳍﺎ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻬﺎ" ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪.(٥٠٢‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫‪ ٤٦٤‬‬

‫‪ -١٤٠٥‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ )ﻣﻦ‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺛﻴ‪‬ﺒﺎ‪ ..‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ)‪(٣‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﻜﺮ‪/،#(١‬‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﺪﻋﻲ)‪ (٧‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻃﻠﻘﺖ‪ (٨)/‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ)‪ (٩‬ﺩﻋﻮﺍﻫﺎ ﺑﺄﻥ ﲤﻠﻚ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻘﻮﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٠٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺁﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪@ :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﺷﺮﻳﻜﺘﻬﺎ!‪) ..‬ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺷﺮﻳﻜﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻳﻜﺘﻬﺎ‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ )ﻭﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‪ (٤‬ﺷﺮﻳﻜﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ﹸﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٠٧‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ؟‬
‫ﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺇﳕﺎ )ﻫﻮ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﻳﻘ ‪‬ﻊ‪ (١‬ﺑﻜﻤﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺣﲔ ﻳﻮ‪‬ﻗﻌ‪‬ﻪ)‪،(٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٠٨‬ﻗﻴﻞ)‪ :(٥‬ﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﻬﻢ)‪(٦‬؛ ﹺﺑﹶﺄ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﳕﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﰲ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﻭﺍﻗ ﹴﻊ ﺑﻜﻤﺎ‪‬ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﻳﻼ ُﺀ ﻻ ﻳﻘ ‪‬ﻊ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﺪ ‪‬ﺓ ﻗﺪ ﳝﻮ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٤٠‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺯﻭﺟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺩﻋﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪﻋﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٢٣‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٧٦/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٧١‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٤٩٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٤٢/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪) :‬ﱂ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺧﻄﺄ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺷﺮﻳﻜﺘﻬﺎ"‪ ،‬ﺇﱃ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻦ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﻬﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٤٦٥‬‬

‫ﺐ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﻊ ﺑﻜﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻗﻌﻪ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺎ ‪‬ﻥ)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺒﻠﹶﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﻄﻞ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺄﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺗﺮﻛﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ)‪ (٥‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ‬
‫ﻼ ﻟﻮ‪ (٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺃﺷﺮﻛﻚ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﻓﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﱄ!‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺃﺷﺮﻛﻚ ﺇﻥ ﻃﻠﺒﲏ ﻓﻼﻥ ﳊﻖ)‪ ..!(٧‬ﱂ‬
‫)ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻦ ﺷﺮﻳ ﹰﻜﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺇﻻ ﰲ)‪ (٩‬ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﺣﺎﺿ ﹴﺮ ﻭﻭﺍﻗ ﹴﻊ ﺑﻜﻤﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪/٦٩)/.‬ﺏ(‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺁﱃ ]ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ[ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻣﻀﺖ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪] -١٤٠٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻒ‪ ..‬ﻃﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ)‪ ،(١٢‬ﻭﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻑ‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﻃﻠﺒﺖ ]ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ[ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﻗﻒ‬
‫ﲝﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﲡﻊ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹰﺓ ﺑﺎﺋﻨﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺭﲡﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﻓﺒﻘﻲ )ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﺓ‪ (١‬ﳝﻴﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﱂ ﻳﻄﺄ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻃﻠﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ‪ ..‬ﺃﻭﻗﻒ)‪ (٢‬ﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻀﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ‬
‫ﳍﺎ؛ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻺﻳﻼﺀ)‪ (٤‬ﻣﺪﺓ‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫]ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺮ[ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﺭﲡﻊ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺛﻼﺙ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻃﻠﺒﺖ‪ ..‬ﺃﻭﻗﻒ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻗﻒ ﳍﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳘﺎ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻌﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﻮﻗﻌﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﺷﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲝﻖ ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻛﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪) (١٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ( ﺗﻜﺮﺭﺕ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٦٧٥/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٦٨٤‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٥٠٠‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٣٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٥١/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﻭﻗﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٤٦٦‬‬

‫‪ -١٤١٠‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺄﻭﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺎﳍﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﺤﺎﳍﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ‪.(٢)(١)/‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻃﻠﺒﺖ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻉ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺃﺟﺎﻣﻊ!‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪@ :‬ﻻ ﲡﺎﻣﻌﲏ!‪ ،‬ﻭﺻ ‪‬ﺪﻗﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫‪ -١٤١١‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٤١٢‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺧﻼﹰﻓﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹶﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﻖ‬
‫ﻼ‪ ..‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ﹶﻞ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻴﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ ﻓﺴﺄﻝ ﺗﺄﺟﻴ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -١٤١٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺁﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺑﻜﻼ ﹴﻡ ﻳﺸﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺘﺼﺮﻳﺢ ]ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ[ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪@ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻴﺜﺎﻗﻪ!‪ ،‬ﻭ‪@ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ)‪ (٥‬ﺑﺎﷲ!‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﻧﻮﻯ ﳝﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ)‪ ..(١‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﳝﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٤١٤‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﳝﲔ ﺁﱃ ‪‬ﺎ ﺭﺟﻞ ﰲ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧ ﹸﻈﺮ‪‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﳐﺮ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ﺑﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﻩ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻏﲑ ﳑﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺇﻳﻼﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳑﻨﻮ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ]ﻣﻨﻬﺎ[‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺝ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٤١٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻏﲑ ﳑﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻠﻒ ﺃﻻ ﻳﻄﺄﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺮﺓ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ)‪ (١‬ﻏﲑ ﳑﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻮ ﹴﻝ)‪ (٢‬ﺣﱴ ﻳﻄﺄﻫﺎ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٤١‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٦٧٥/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺼﺮﺡ ﺑﺎﻻﻣﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﻬﻠﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﳝﻬﻞ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻬﻴﺄ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﻣﻬﻞ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻊ‪ ..‬ﻓﺤﱴ ﳜﻒ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﻧﻌﺎﺱ‪ ..‬ﻓﺤﱴ ﻳﺰﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ ﻳﻔﻄﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺟﺎﺋﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺤﱴ ﻳﺸﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺛﻘﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻴﺆ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺩﻭﻧﻪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٥٥/٨‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٨٤/٦‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﱂ ﺃﺅﺟﻠﻪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ‪ ...‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﺒﲔ ﱄ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺅﺟﻠﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺬﻫﺒ‪‬ﺎ" ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٧٣‬ﻭﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪.(٥٠٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻗﺴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ( ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﻸﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﳛﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤﱢﺜ ﹸﻞ ﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٦٧٠/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٦٧٧/٦‬‬
 ‫‪٤٦٧‬‬

‫ﻭﻃﺊ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﹰﺓ ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺇﻳﻼﺋﻪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻮ ﹴﻝ)‪] ،(٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻘﻲ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪ ..‬ﺳﻘﻂ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﻃﺊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ..‬ﹶﻛ ﱠﻔ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺣﻠﻒ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﻄﺄ ﺃﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﰒ ﺗﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳛﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲝﻜﻢ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻮﻗﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﱴ ﻭﻃﺊ‪ ..‬ﹶﻛﻔﱠﺮ)‪.[(٦‬‬
‫ﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈ ﹼﻥ ﻛﻼﻣ‪‬ﻪ‪ /‬ﳏﺘﻤ ﹸﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﺳﺌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫‪ -١٤١٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﺃﻏﺘﺴ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺟﻨﺐ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺃﻻ ﺃﻏﺘﺴ ﹶﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺁﰐ ﻏﲑ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﰒ ﺍﻏﺘﺴﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﲟﻮ ﹴﻝ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺃﻻ ﺃﻃﺄﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻮ ﹴﻝ)‪.(٩)(٨‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﺠ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ]ﻓﻴﻤﺎ[ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫‪ -١٤١٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﺃﺟﺎﻣﻌﻚ!‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻮ ﹴﻝ‬
‫‪ (٢) ‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺃﻻ ﺃﺟﺎﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ!‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٤)(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﱄ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻄﺄ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﱄ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٨١/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٤١/٨‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ .(٤٣٣‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪.(٤٩٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺘﲔ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﱄ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﱄ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٧٣/٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٤٦/٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻟﻔﻆ ﻏﲑ ﺻﺮﻳﺢ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻌﱪﺓ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﱄ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻓﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪) :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﺃﺟﺎﻣﻌﻚ( ﺻﺮﻳﺢ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻔﺘﻘﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﳛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٤٣٣‬ﻭﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٤٦-٣٤٥/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٤٦٨‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א > ‪ (١)3‬‬

‫‪ -١٤١٨‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ sr q p  : ‬‬
‫ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ]ﺍ‪‬ﺎﺩﻟﺔ‪ ،(٢)/،[٣ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻻﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ‪@ :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻣﻲ!‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺻﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻛﺄﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫‪ -١٤١٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﺑﻈﻬﺎﺭ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٢٠‬ﻭﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ : ‬ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻴﺔ‪.#‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٢١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻟﺰﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺻﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﺼﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‬
‫‪ -١٤٢٢‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺟﻞ ﺛﻨﺎﺅﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ ﻓﺘﻜﻠﻢ)‪ (٨‬ﺑﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺼﻪ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﰒ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻃﻠﻖ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺻﺮﺡ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﶈﺎﺭ ﹺﻡ ﹸﻛﱡﻠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻦ)‪ (١٠‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﻉ ]ﰲ[ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻷﻡ؛ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ‬
‫‪ -١٤٢٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺫﻭﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﻦ)‪ (١‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪" (١‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﻞ ﻛﺒﲑﹲﺓ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﻗﺪﺍﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺣﺎﻟ ‪‬ﺔ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺗﺒﺪﻳﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺧﻄﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺜ ﹴﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ؛ ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﻗﻀﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻻ ﺧﻠﻮ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺒﻴﻪ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ"‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٨٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٤٢‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٩٧/٦‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٥٠٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٤٣٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٠٢/٦‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٥٠٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٨٣/٧‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺃﻭ ﳓﻮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳑﺎ ﳛﺘﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻣﺔ" ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﳑﺎ‬
‫ﳛﺘﻤﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺮﺍﺩﻩ ﺃﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﱘ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﻼﻝ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﺄﻣﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻃﻼﻕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٧٠١/٦‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﺻﺮﻳﺢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﻐﲑﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٧٠١/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٤٦٩‬‬

‫‪ -١٤٢٤‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮﻣ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻷﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫‪ -١٤٢٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪] :‬ﺇﻧﻪ[ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻠﻖ ﺃﻭ)‪ (٣‬ﺻﺮﺡ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺘﻖ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﷲ ‪] ‬ﻻ[ ﻃﻼﻕ ﻭﻻ ﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﻻ ﻋﺘﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺪﻭﺍ)‪ (٤‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٢٦‬ﻭﺣﺠﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ :‬ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،#(٦‬ﻭ‪$ :‬ﺭﻓﻊ‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﻨﻮﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻠﻖ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺇﻓﺎﻗﺘﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻢ‪/٧٠)/‬ﺏ( ﻋﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ؛ ﻋﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﻨﻮﻥ‪ ،#‬ﻭﺃﲨﻊ‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ ﹺﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎ ُﺀ‪..‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ‪ ..‬ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻻ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻟﻠﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻟﻠﻄﻼﻕ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٢٧‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ]ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ[‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﻠﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻋﺘﻖ ﺃﻭ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﻼ ﻧﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﷲ ‪.(١١)/(١٠)‬‬
‫‪] -١٤٢٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳌﻦ ﺫﻫﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ ..‬ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺗﻼﻑ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﹰﺄ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎ ُﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺗﻠﻒ ﻵﺩﻣﻲ ﺧﻄﹰﺄ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺗﻠﻒ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٩٨/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٣٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٥٤/٣‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ‪)" :‬ﻭﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﻃﺮﺩﻩ( ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺒﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻀﻲ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ﹴﻡ( ﻧﺴﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺿﺎﻉ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺼﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺒﻴﻪ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭ )ﱂ ﻳﻄﺮﺃ ﲢﺮﳝﻬﺎ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻈﺎﻫﺮ؛ ﺑﺄﻥ ﱂ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻈﻬﺎﺭ )ﰲ ﻛﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ﹰﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺰﻝ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺘﻤﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ )ﺃﻭ(‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﺴﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﻬﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٨٣/٢‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٨٩/١٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪ " :‬ﺩ‪‬ﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﻘﺒﻞ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‪‬ﺍ" ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٤/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻴﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺄﲨﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ )ﺹ‪.(١١٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺼﺮﺡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﻮﻗﻲ )‪ ٣٦٥/٢‬ﻭ‪ ٣٦٦‬ﻭ‪.(٣٧٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٤٣‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٤٧٠‬‬

‫ﺑﻘﻮﳍﻢ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺧﻄﹰﺄ ﻭﺑﻐﲑ ﻧﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻵﺩﻣﻴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺣﻖ ﰲ )ﻣﻌﻨﺎﳘﺎ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪،(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻠﻌﺒﺪ ﺣﻖ ﰲ ﺣﺮﻳﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻛﲔ ﺣﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ)‪ (٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺘﻖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺄ[‪.‬‬
‫‪] -١٤٢٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ)‪ (٤‬ﳏﺮﻣﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ؛ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺪ ﲢﻞ)‪ (٥‬ﻟﻪ‪ (٦)/‬ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻭﲟﻠﻚ)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﻉ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ]ﰲ[ ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫‪ -١٤٣٠‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ‪‬ﻣﱠﺜﻠﹾﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻩ)‪ (٩‬ﺑﺎ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﶈﺎﺭﻡ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻷﻡ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ؛ ]ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﻡ[ ﻻ ﲢﻞ)‪ (١١‬ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺒﻬﻨﺎﻩ ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٣١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﰊ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻛﻈﻬﺮ ‪‬ﻴﻤﺔ ‪-‬ﻓﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﳏﺮﻣﲔ)‪ (١٢‬ﻻ ﳛﻼﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ..-‬ﻓﻬﻤﺎ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻟﺰﻡ)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﷲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ)‪(١٤‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻟﺰﻡ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣﱠﻠ ﹶﻜﲏ ﻣﺎﱄ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ؛ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻗﻮﻡ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫‪ -١٤٣٢‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﳌﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‪ ..‬ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻜ ﱢﻔ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻜﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮﺍ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳﺰ‪‬ﻝ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪) ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺰﻝ‪ (٣‬ﻳﻘﲔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﶈﻠﻰ )‪ (٢٠٢٥ :٤٠٦/١٠‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺬﻛﺎﺭ )‪ ١٨٨٦٧ :٢٨٤/١٣‬ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺠﻲ( =)‪ ٣٨٠/٤‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ( ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ )‪ (٢٦٨٨ :٧٦٠/٢‬ﻭﰲ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ )ﺹ‪ ١٦٤‬ﻭ‪.(١٦٦‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﺘﻔﻌﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٢٥‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٧‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٩٨/٦‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٥٠٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٨٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺜﻠﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳏﺮﻣﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻟﺰﻣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٣٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٨٣/٧‬‬
 ‫‪٤٧١‬‬

‫ﻀﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺣﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪]  YX  :‬ﺍ‪‬ﺎﺩﻟﺔ‪ [٢ :‬ﻭﱂ‬

‫‪ -١٤٣٣‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﺃﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ‪ $ :‬ﹶﻛﻔﱢﺮ‪ #‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺮﺟﺎﻝ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﻻﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﺻﺒﻌﻚ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺟﻠﻚ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺪﻙ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻄﻨﻚ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫‪] -١٤٣٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺟﻞ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺟﻚ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻣﻲ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻣﻲ‪ ..‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪﻳ‪‬ﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ)‪ (٨‬ﻣﺎ)‪ (٩‬ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺼﺮﺡ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻃﻠﻖ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺑﺪ‪‬ﺎ‪..‬‬ ‫ﻼ ﻃﻠﻖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺗﻄﻠﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫‪ -١٤٣٥‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫)‪(١٣‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻨﻜﺤﻬﺎ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳛﻞ‬ ‫ﻼ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻣﺖ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ /،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺾ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳛﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻠﻜﻬﺎ)‪ (١٥‬ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ)‪ (١٤‬ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻧﺰﻳﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﻧﺰﻳﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻻﲨﺎﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺮﺍﺩﻩ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺇ‪‬ﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٩٧/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٣٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٥٣/٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٨٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲟﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٧٠٢/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻠﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺰﻭﺝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲢﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﳏﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳝﻠﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٤٧٢‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻻﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﻛﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻧﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺑﺎﳊﺮﺍﻡ‪..‬‬ ‫‪ -١٤٣٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻃﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻮ ﻃﻼﹰﻗﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻇﻬﺎﺭ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ ﻗﺪ ﺻﺮﺡ ﺑﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٣٧‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻛﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻣﻲ ﺣﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻣﺎ)‪ !(٣‬ﻭﻧﻮﻯ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺻﺮﺡ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺃﺿﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻟﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻕ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻈﺎﻫ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻨﻬ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫‪ -١٤٣٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻇﺎﻫ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑ ﹺﻊ ﻧﺴﻮ ‪‬ﺓ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻜﻠﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ‪‬ﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻜﻼ ﹴﻡ ﻣﺘﻔﺮ ﹴ‬
‫ﲨﻴ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻦ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ)‪.(٦‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٤٤‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٠١/٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٨٢/٣‬ﻷﻥ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ )ﺃﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﺮﺍﻡ(‪ ..‬ﺇﻥ ﻧﻮﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻃﻼﻕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٤١٤‬‬
‫ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪]" :(٣٥٥/٣‬ﺗﺘﻤﺔ[ ﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﻛﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻣﻲ ﻭﻧﻮﻯ ﲟﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ‪ ..‬ﻓﻤﻈﺎﻫﺮ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻟﻔﻆ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭﱃ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻧﻮﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ..‬ﻓﻄﻼﻕ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻟﻔﻈﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻛﺼﺮﳛﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﳘﺎ ﲟﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪ ..‬ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻓﻴﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻘﻌﺎ ﲨﻌﺎ ﻟﺘﻌﺬﺭ‬
‫ﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﳍﻤﺎ ﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻣﻮﺟﺒﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻭﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺭﺟﻌﻲ‪ ..‬ﺣﺼﻼ ﳌﺎ ﻣﺮ ﰲ ﻧﻈﲑﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ..‬ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ ﻓﻘﻂ؛ ﺇﺫ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‬
‫ﻟﺼﺮﺍﺣﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ ﻓﻘﻂ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ ﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﺃﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻌﺪﻡ ﺻﺮﻳﺢ ﻟﻔﻈﻪ ﻭﻧﻴﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ ﲢﺮﱘ ﻋﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﳝﲔ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺇﻻ ﺇﻥ ﻧﻮﺍﻩ ﺑـ)ﻛﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻣﻲ("‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺣﺮﺍﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻓﻨﻮﻯ ﺃﻭ ﻭﻧﻮﻯ )ﳏﺘﻤﻠﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪" :(٣٥٥/٣‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﺧﺮ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ ﻋﻦ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻣﻲ ﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﻈﺎﻫﺮ؛ ﻟﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﻧﻮﻯ ﲢﺮﱘ ﻋﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺮﻯ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﺃﻡ ﺃﻃﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻧﻮﻯ ﺑﻠﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪..‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻌﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻋﻮﺩ ﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٠٢/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٣٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٨٩/٧‬‬
 ‫‪٤٧٣‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫‪ -١٤٣٩‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻷﺭﺑﻊ ]ﻧﺴﻮﺓ ﻟﻪ[ ﺃﻧﱳ ﻃﻮﺍﻟﻖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ؛ ﻓﻠﺰﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ)‪ (٢‬ﺗﻄﻠﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﳛﻠﻒ)‪ :(٤‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﺃﻛﻠﻤﻜﻦ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻓﻼ ﳛﻨﺚ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﻠﻢ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻓﺮﻗﺖ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ؟‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٤٠‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗﺒ‪‬ﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺣﻠﻒ ﺃﻻ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﰲ ﺫﺍﺗﻪ‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﺄﺭﺑﻊ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ)‪ (٧‬ﺻﻔﺔ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ ﱂ ﺗﺘﻢ)‪(٨‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﺑﻘﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻌ ﹰ‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﲢﺮﱘ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻦ ﰲ ﺫﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﲢﺮﳝﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﲢﺮﱘ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺮﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪] -١٤٤١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪‬ﺗﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﻔﺮ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻔﺮ‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻞ)‪ (١٠‬ﻣﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٤٢‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ]ﺃﻧﻪ[ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ ﲢﺮﱘ‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻜ ﱢﻔ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﹶﻟ ﹺﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼﻕ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺮﺭ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻮﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﻳﺮ)‪.(١٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳛﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺑﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺤﺮﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‪ :‬ﲢﺮﻣﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻜﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻼﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٠٢/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٣٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٨٩/٧‬‬
‫‪ ٤٧٤‬‬

‫‪ -١٤٤٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﰒ ﺃﺗﺒﻌﻬﺎ)‪ (١‬ﺛﻼﺙ ﺗﻄﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ‪ ..‬ﺳﻘﻂ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﻳﺮﺟﻊ‪ (٢)/‬ﺇﻟﻴﻪ)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪(٤‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ ]‪ [‬ﱂ ﻳﻮﺟﺐ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪/٧١)/‬ﺏ( ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ ﺇﻻ ﲟﻌﻨﻴﲔ؛ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ )ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ‪ (٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﳌﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﲰﻌﻨﺎ‬ ‫‪ -١٤٤٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺣﺴﻦ‬
‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﳌﺎ ﺣﺮﻡ)‪ ،(١٣‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺗﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺪﺓ ﳝﻜﻨﻪ ﻃﻼﻗﻬﺎ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪/‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﺣﻼ ﹰﻻ‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺴﻜﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ)‪ (١٥‬ﳑﺴﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ)‪ (١٦‬ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ ﻗﺪ ﻭﺟﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﻄﻠﻘﻬﺎ)‪.(١٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٤٥‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻄﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪‬‬

‫)‪ (١٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ ،(١٩)  w  v   u t s r q p  :‬ﻓﺎﻹﻣﺴﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺳﺎﻋ ﹰﺔ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺗﺒﻌﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٤٥‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٠٤/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٣٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٨٧/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳌﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٠٤-٧٠٣/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٣٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٨٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪) :‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﳉﻼﻟﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻤﺴﻜﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﺇﺣﻼﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﳉﻼﻟﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٠٣/٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٨٧-٨٦/٧‬‬ ‫)‪(١٧‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٨‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﺎﺩﻟﺔ‪.٣ :‬‬ ‫)‪(١٩‬‬
 ‫‪٤٧٥‬‬

‫]ﺑﻌﺪ[ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ‪ ..‬ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﻃﻠﻖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ‬
‫ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺳ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫‪ -١٤٤٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻭﺟﺐ‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺿﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﺕ ﻳﻮﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮﺭﺗﻪ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺴﻮﺓ‬
‫ﻋ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺟ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ ﻭ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﳚﺪ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺟﺪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ‪..‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﲎ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺣﲔ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺍﳌ ﹶﻜ ﱢﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺟﺪ ﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ ﺗﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﺟﺪ ﺃﺣﻮﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﲏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ $ : ‬ﹸﻛ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪#‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻀﺎ‬
‫ ]ﺍ‪‬ﺎﺩﻟﺔ‪ ،[٤ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺕ ﻳﻮﻣﻪ)‪ ..(٨‬ﻧﻘﺺ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪     : ‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ[‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﳚﺪ ﲤﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺪ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺘﻖ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫]ﻭﱂ ﳚﺪ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٤٧‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺘﻖ ﺇﻻ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ ﻣﺆﻣﻨﺔ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٤٨‬ﻭﳚﺰﺉ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‪،(١٢) (١١)/‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٤٩‬ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺐ ﻣﻀ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ)‪.(١٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻠﺰﻣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٣٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٨٨/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺟﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﻗﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٠٥/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٣٩-٤٣٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ٩١/٧‬ﻭ‪.(٩٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٠٥/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٣٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٩٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٤٦‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٧٠٦/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٧٠٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٣٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٩٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧١١/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٣٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٩٢/٧‬‬
‫‪ ٤٧٦‬‬

‫‪ -١٤٥٠‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﺔ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻦ ﻭﺫﻱ ﺍﳌﻴﺜﺎﻕ‪
O

N  :‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ‪ /‬ﺑﺸﻲ ٍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻛ ﱠﻔﺎﺭ ‪‬ﺓ ﺑﻜ ﱠﻔﺎﺭ ‪‬ﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ]ﺍﷲ[ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫]ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪،[٩٢ :‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬
‫ﺾ‪ ،‬ﻛﻘﻮﻝ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ؛ ﺫﻛﺮ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺒﻌ ﹴ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻭﺃﻣﺴﻚ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‪ ..‬ﺷ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻬﻨﺎ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻭﺃﻣﺴﻚ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٥١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﳚﺪ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ‪ ..‬ﺻﺎﻡ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٥٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﺮﺽ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮﻳﻦ‪ ..‬ﺍﺳﺘﺄﻧﻒ ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻦ)‪ (٦‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﰲ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺿﺖ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺮﺿﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺄﻧﻔﺖ )‪.(٨‬‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺽ؟ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﰲ‬ ‫‪ -١٤٥٣‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﺎ‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﰒ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺰﻳﻞ ﻳﻘﲔ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻭﺟﺐ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺰﻳﻠﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻹﲨﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﲨﻌﻮﺍ)‪ (١٢‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺾ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺯﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﺑﺎﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗﺒ‪‬ﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫)‪(١٤‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻻ ﳝﺮﺽ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﲔ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﲢﻀﻦ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻘﻮﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﳉﻼﻟﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٧٠٦/٦‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٧١٢/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٧١٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٣٩‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٩٩/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺒﲏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧١٤-٧١٣/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٠٢/٨‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٣٩‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٠٠/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٠٢/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲢﻴﺾ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺽ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٤٧٧‬‬

‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺿﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪ ..‬ﺃﹸﻣﺮﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﺍﺗﺴﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ‪ ..‬ﺃﹸﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺗﺼﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺇﻥ ﺿﺎﻕ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺆﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻧﺜﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺟﺮﺣﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٥٤‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﻤﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﺄ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﻃﺊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﰎ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻴﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ‬ ‫‪ -١٤٥٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻃﺌﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺻﺎﻡ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻃﻌﻢ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻃﻌﺎﻡ)‪(٥‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺣﲔ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻜ ﱢﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻁﺀ ﻛﻔﺎﺭ ﹰﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻃﺊ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻀﻲ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺃﻭﱃ ﺃﻻ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ‪ ..‬ﺃﻃﻌﻢ ﺳﺘﲔ ﻣﺴﻜﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻏﲑ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪/‬‬ ‫‪ -١٤٥٦‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬
‫ﲨﻌﺖ ﺃﻭ ﻓﺮﻗﺖ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻧﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﰒ ﺃﻳﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻃﻠﻊ‬ ‫‪ -١٤٥٧‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺻﺎﻡ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺮﻗﺒﺔ‪] ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﻭ[ﱂ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑﻩ)‪.(١٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٧٠٣/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٧١٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٠٢/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٧٠٣/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٤٧‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧١٧/٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٠١/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻃﻠﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧١٣/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٩٩/٨‬‬
‫‪ ٤٧٨‬‬

‫ﺼﺎ ]ﻏﲑ ﺗﺄﻭﻳﻞ[ ﺃﻥ)‪ (١‬ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪     :‬‬

‫‪ -١٤٥٨‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺟﺪ‪ ..‬ﺩﺧﻠﻪ‬ ‫  )‪ ،(٢‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺩﺧﻞ‪/٧٢)/‬ﺏ( ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪/‬‬
‫ﺑﻔﺮﺽ ﺍﷲ ﺟﻞ ﺛﻨﺎﺅﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﻘﻠﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺟﻞ ﻭﻋﻼ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ)‪ (٤‬ﺷﻬﺮﺍﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﻻ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﻪ ]ﰲ[‬
‫ﻣﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﱂ ﳜﺘﻠﻔﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺯﺍﻟﺖ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﻔﺮﺽ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺣﲔ‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺻﻮﻡ ﺑﻌﻀﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺯﺍﳍﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻋﲏ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮﺍ ﰲ ﻧﻘﺾ‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﷲ ]‪ [‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻓﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻓﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﻘﻂ ﻋﲏ ﻣﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٥٩‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺎﺿﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﺧﺮ)‪ (٧‬ﺻﻴﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﻀﻰ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺼﻠﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻔﻌﻞ)‪ ..(٨‬ﺍﺳﺘﺄﻧﻔﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٦٠‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻹﻣﺴﺎﻙ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ‪ ..‬ﹸﻛ ﱢﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻕ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻛ ﱠﻔﺎﺭ ﹶﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٦١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻜ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻼ ‪‬‬
‫‪] -١٤٦٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ]ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ[ ﰒ ﻃﻠﻖ ﻃﻼﹰﻗﺎ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻑ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٦٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻷﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﺎﺩﻟﺔ‪.٤ :‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺻﻮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻧﻘﺺ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺆﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٠٤/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٣٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٨٧/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٠٤/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٣٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٨٧/٧‬‬
 ‫‪٤٧٩‬‬

‫‪ -١٤٦٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪) :‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‪ (٢‬ﺑﲔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﺷﻲﺀ؟‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ)‪ (٤‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹲﺓ ﻣﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ﹴﻞ ﳝﻴﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﻜﺎﺣﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ -١٤٦٥‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗﺒ‪‬ﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﳝﻨﻌﻪ)‪ (٥‬ﻣﻦ ﻭﻃﺌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﻜﻤﺎﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٦٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﰒ ﺧﺎﻟﻌﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺳﻘﻂ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﻪ؛ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪] -١٤٦٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ ﺇﻥ ﺃﻣﻜﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻼﻋﻦ)‪ (٦‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ‪ (٧)/‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻼﻋﻦ)‪ (٨‬ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٦٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ]ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ[ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﰒ ﺍﺭﺗﺪ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻑ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﻻﺯﻣﺔ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (١١‬ﺭﺟﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٦٩‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻣﺔ ﻓﻌﺘﻘﺖ‪ /‬ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﻭﺳﻘﻄﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﲣﺘﺮ)‪ (١٣‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﻃﻼﹰﻗﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻃﻠﻖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٧٠٤/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻓﺮﻕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺟﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻘﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﻼﻋﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٤٨‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﻼﻋﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٠٤/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٣٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٨٧/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺇﻥ ﺣﺒﺴﻬﺎ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻣﺎ ﳝﻜﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﻼ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٠٤/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٣٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٨٨/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٠٤/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٣٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٨٨/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٤٨٠‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺇﻻ ﻟﻠﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫‪ -١٤٧٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻻﻣﺮﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﺇﱃ ﺷﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﻋﻄﻴﻚ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻄﻠﻘﲏ)‪..(٥‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﻗﱠﺖ)‪(٣‬؛ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺪﺍﺀ؛ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﺑﻄﻼﻕ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺄﰐ)‪ (٦‬ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻧﺎﻧﲑ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﻩ)‪ (٧‬ﺻﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﺻﻔﺔ)‪.(٨‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﱵ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٦٧/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٣٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٨٨/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﺫ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻳﻄﻠﻘﲏ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺄﰐ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٤٨١‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א ‪ $‬ن ‬

‫    ¡  ‪ ¢‬‬ ‫‪ -١٤٧١‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ :(١) ‬‬

‫‪  ¦   ¥ ¤ £‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ]ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ‪] ،[٦ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻠﻒ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ؛ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺑﲔ ﻛﻞ ﺯﻭﺟﲔ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﻦ)‪ (٣‬ﻣﺴﻠﻤﲔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﺐ ﺍﳊﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺬﻑ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮﺍﻧﻴﺔ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪] -١٤٧٢‬ﻭ[ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻚ ]ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ[‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﱢﻌﺎﻥ ﺑﲔ ﻛﻞ ﺯﻭﺟﲔ)‪(٦‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻷﺯﻭﺍﺝ‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠ ﹰﻘﺎ ﱂ ﳜﺺ ﺯﻭ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺯﻭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ :‬‬ ‫]ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪،[١ :‬‬ ‫‪ -١٤٧٣‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ E  D  C  :‬‬

‫‪]  V‬ﺍ‪‬ﺎﺩﻟﺔ‪ ،[٢ :‬ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪] : [T

S] R  :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ ،[٢٢٦ :‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺯﻭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻮ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺣﺠ ﹲﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻫﺬﻩ‪ ..‬ﺍﻛﺘﻔﻲ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺑﺄﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﺪ ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺔ‪/‬‬ ‫‪ -١٤٧٤‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻧﻔﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻧﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻗﺬﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﳍﻤﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺎ)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﺴﻠﻤﺎ)‪(٣‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ «  ª ©  :‬‬
‫]ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ‪.[٦ :‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﺑﺎﻟﻐﲔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﻳﻮﺍﻓﻘﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﻻ ﻳﻼﻋﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٧٢١/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺑﺪﺍﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﺋﻊ )‪ (٢٤١/٣‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻳﻦ )‪ ،(٤٨٣/٣‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‬
‫)ﺹ‪.(٢٨٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺤﺎﻭﻱ )ﺹ‪.(٢١٥‬‬
‫)‪" (٦‬ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺯﻭﺝ ﺟﺎﺯ ﻃﻼﻗﻪ ﻭﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺽ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٢٠/٦‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪(٢٨٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪.(٥١١‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ :(٥٦٧/٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٤٨٢‬‬

‫‪ -١٤٧٥‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﳚﻴﺰﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﻴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﶈﺪﻭﺩﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺬﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺑﲔ ]ﻏﲑ[ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻟﲔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻫﺆﻻﺀ)‪ (٥‬ﻻ ﲡﻮﺯ)‪ (٦‬ﺷﻬﺎﺩ‪‬ﻢ)‪ (٧‬ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١٤٧٦‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﺠﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪]  ¨§  :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ‪ ..[٦ :‬ﻓﺈﳕﺎ ﻫﻲ ﳝﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻻ‬

‫ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺀ ﻻ ﻳﺸﻬﺪ‪ (٨)/‬ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺰﻭﺝ)‪/٧٣)/(٩‬ﺏ( ﻳﻠﺘﻌﻦ ﻭﻳﱪﺃ ﳑﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃﻭ‪‬ﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﳛﻠﻔﺎﻥ)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ ﺍﳊﻖ ﳚﺐ ﳍﻤﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﲢﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﳍﺎ ﺍﳊﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ‪..‬‬
‫ﱂ ﳚﺰ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﺪ ﹰﻻ ﺣ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺮ‪‬ﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ )ﲡﺰﺉ ﻣﻦ‪ (١٢‬ﺃﺭﺑﻊ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﳕﺎ‬
‫ﲡﺰﺉ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١٤٧٧‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﺠﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﰲ)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﳊﺪ)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪~  } |  :‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ]ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ‪ ..[٤ :‬ﻓﺈﳕﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﻏﲑ ﺃﺯﻭﺍﺟﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺮ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻣﻰ‬ ‫‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٤٩‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺑﺪﺍﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﺋﻊ )‪ " :(٢٤٢/٣‬ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻻ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﻼ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٢٨٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺤﺎﻭﻱ )ﺹ‪ (٢١٥‬ﻭﺑﺪﺍﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﺋﻊ )‪ (٢٤١/٣‬ﻭﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻳﻦ )‪.(٤٨٣/٣‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻃﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﳏﺪﻭﺩﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺬﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ‬
‫ﺺ ﺣﻜﺎﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٤٣/٦‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٨٤‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻼﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺣﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﳏﺪﻭﺩ‪‬ﺍ ﰲ ﻗﺬﻑ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺍ‪‬ﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٢٧‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲡﺮﻱ ﺑﲔ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺮ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٤٨٣‬‬

‫ﺍﳊﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮﺍﱐ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻣﺎﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﳊﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳊﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﰒ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺑﲔ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻣﻰ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻣﻲ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﻌﻞ)‪ (٣‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻴﺎﻟﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٧٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﻗﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﺗﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﳊﺪ ﺣﱴ ﻓﺎﺭﻗﻬﺎ ﰒ ﻃﻠﺒﺖ‪ ..‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﺣﺪ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﻼﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻏﲑ ﺯﻭﺟﺔ؟ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺃﻭﺟﺐ )ﻟﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ (٧‬ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻓﺮﺍﻗﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺰﻳﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻭﺟﺐ)‪ (٩‬ﻟﻪ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫‪] -١٤٧٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻄﻠﺐ ﺣﻘﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻮﺭﺛﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻮﺍ)‪ (١٢‬ﺫﺍﻙ)‪ (١٣‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻠﺘﻌﻦ ﺃﻭ ﳛﺪ)‪.(١٤‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٨٠‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ (١) :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ]‪ [‬ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﻳ ﹶ‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻣﺎ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻮﺗﻰ‪/‬‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﲤﻠﻜﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻬﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ‪.٤ :‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰒ ﺟﻌﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻳ ﹾﺬ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﻫ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻻﻟﹶﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻟﻌﺎﻥ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﺃﻣﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻗﺎﺫﻑ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮﺓ ﻻ ﳛﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ ﻻ ﻳﻼﻋﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮ ﻟﻮ ﻗﺬﻓﺎ ﺣﺮﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳊﺪ ﻳﻘﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﻻ ﻟﻌﺎﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻭﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻇﻬﺮ ﱄ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ‪. ‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧١٩/٦‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٥١٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٤٤‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪.(١١٧/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺯﻭﺟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺟﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﻄﻠﺒﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﺙ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٤١‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪.(٩٧/٨‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﻳﻮﺭ ﹸ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺬ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٧٢٠-٧١٩/٦‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫‪ ٤٨٤‬‬

‫ﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺛ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﻢ ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﻖ ﳌﻦ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﻘﻢ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫‪ -١٤٨١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٨٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻔﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻳﻮﺭﺙ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺭﺙ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٨٣‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺪ ﳌﻦ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ‪ ..‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻌﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻟﻮ ﺑﺎﻉ ﺩﺍ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻘﺴﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻌﺔ ﻟﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ )ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﺣﺪ‪ (٥‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺸﺮﻛﺘﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳊﺪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻟﻠﻮﺭﺛﺔ ﰒ ﻋﻔﺎ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪) /‬ﻟﻠﺒﺎﻗﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‪ (٦‬ﱂ ﻳﻌﻔﻮﺍ؛ )ﻷ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﻋﺎﺩﻭﺍ‪ (٧‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻘﺬﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﺃﺣﺪ؛ ﻻ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭ]ﻻ[‬
‫ﻑ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻮﺭﺛﺘﻪ)‪ (٨‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ]ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ[ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻔﺎ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ)‪ ..(٩‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﻗﲔ)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮﺍ)‪ (١١‬ﺑﻪ)‪.(١٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٥٠‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺒﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳊﺪ ﻣﻊ ﻏﻴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻮ ﻋﻔﻰ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻘﻪ ﳑﺎ ﻭﺭﺛﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻠﺒﺎﻗﲔ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﺀ ﲨﻴﻌﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٤١‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪(٣٧٢/٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪.(٩٨/٨‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻋﱪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ ﺑﺎﻷﺻﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻘﻂ ﻧﺼﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﰲ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻮﰱ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻗﻮ ﹲﻝ ﻻ ﻭﺟﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺗﻮﺭﺙ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻌﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢١٩/٥‬ﻭﻳﻮﺭﺙ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢١٧/٩‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺄ‪‬ﺎ‪" :‬ﻟﻠﺒﺎﻗﻲ"‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻋﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﻮﺭﺛﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺾ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﺒﺎﻗﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﻮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺬﻑ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺬﻑ ﻣﻴﺘ‪‬ﺎ ﳏﺼﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺛﺔ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺛﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﳊﻨﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺣﻖ ﻟﻠﻮﺭﺛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﶈﺼﻦ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺬﻑ ﻭﺍﻗﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻑ ﻟﻪ ﻟﻨﻔﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻃﻮﺍ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﻥ ﺃﻣﻪ ﺍﳌﻘﺬﻭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺮﻃﻮﺍ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ؛‬ ‫ﻑ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻗ ﹾﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻴﺘﺔ؛ ﻷﻥ ﹶﻗ ﹾﺬ ‪‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٤٨٥‬‬

‫‪ -١٤٨٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﳎﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻌﺘﻮﻫﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺬﻓﻬﺎ ﺻﺒﻴﺔ‪..‬‬
‫‪(٣‬‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻷﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﲝﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ)‪ (١‬ﺣﱴ ]ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻭ[ ﺗﻔﻴﻖ)‪ (٢‬ﻫﺬﻩ‪) ،‬ﻓﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﰒ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﻜﻤﻬﺎ)‪ (٤‬ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﺣﻜﻢ ]ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﲔ[ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﺗﺼﺢ)‪ ..(٥‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻮﺭﺛﺔ ﺷﻲﺀ‪) ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺗﺎ‪ ..(٦‬ﻗﺎﻡ )ﻭﺭﺛﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﻬﻤﺎ‪ (٧‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﻨﺎ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹶﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﳎﻨﻮ ﹲﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻌﺘﻮ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٨٥‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺼ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٨٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (١٠‬ﻗﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺧﺮﺱ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺬﻑ ﰲ ﳝﲔ؛‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺣﻠﻒ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻻﻋﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ]ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺗﻪ[‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻼﻋﻦ)‪ (١١‬ﺣﱴ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪..‬‬
‫ﻻﻋﻦ)‪ ،(١٢‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭ‪‬ﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺻ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺒﺎﻳﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪(١٣)/ ‬ﺣﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ‪$ :‬ﺍﻗﺮﺃ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﲢﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ‪..‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻘﺎﻗﻪ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻹﺭﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﱴ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻘﺬﻭﻑ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺃﻣﻬﺎﺗﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻧﻔﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ )‪ ،(١١٢/٩‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ (٨٢٨/٢‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﻘﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺩﻳﺮ )‪ (٣٣١/٤‬ﻭﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﻮﻗﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٢٠-٧١٩/٦‬ﺍﳌﻐﲏ )‪ ،(٨٦/٩‬ﻭﻧﺴﺐ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻐﲏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﻌﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﳊﺪ ﺑﻘﺬﻑ ﻣﻴﺖ ﲝﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﰲ ﺃﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻔﻴﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﻮﻥ ﻷﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﻜﻤﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﰲ ﺃﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺼﺤﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺼﺢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﺎﺗﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺭﺛﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٢٣/٦‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ ٤٠٨/١٠‬ﻭ‪.(٤٠٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٢٢/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٠٦/٨‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﻟﻮﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﳊﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺫﻑ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻜﻠﻔﹰﺎ ﳐﺘﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻼ ﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﱯ ﻭﳎﻨﻮﻥ ﻭﻣﻜﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﱯ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ"‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﻼﻋﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٢١/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٨٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٤٣‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪.(١٠٦/٨‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٥١‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫‪ ٤٨٦‬‬

‫ﻓﻜﱪ ﻭﺳﺒﺢ‪ #‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﳛﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ‪ ..‬ﹶﻏ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺘﻪ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻻ ﲡﺰﺉ)‪ (٢‬ﺇﻻ ﺑﺄﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ..‬ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻟﻠﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﳛﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻼﻡ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺗﻪ‬
‫ﻼ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻌﲎ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﺪ ﻣﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺃﺻ ﹰ‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﹶﻃﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺑﻐ ﹺﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﻠﺴﺎﹺﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ)‪ ،(٤‬ﱂ ﳜﺘﻠﻔﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﺮﻑ‪ ،(٥)/‬ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﺱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﺮﻑ ]ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺗﻪ[‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪]$ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻤﺖ[ ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭ‪.(٧)#‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﻼﻋﻦ‪/٧٤)/‬ﺏ(‪ ..‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﺭ‬ ‫‪ -١٤٨٧‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ ]ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹰﺔ ﺃﻭ[ ‪‬ﺫ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻴ ﹰﺔ ﻓﻘﺬﻓﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻻﻋﻦ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺪ ﳍﺎ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٨٨‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺮ ]ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ[ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺬﻑ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻮﻛﺔ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪] -١٤٨٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﹶﺃﺗ‪‬ﻪ ﻃﻼﹰﻗﺎ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ ]ﻓﻴﻪ[ ﰒ ﻗﺬﻓﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻃﻠﺒﺖ‪ ..‬ﻻﻋﻦ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪ ..‬ﺣﺪ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٩٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ)‪ (١‬ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ]ﻃﻼﹰﻗﺎ[ ﻻ ﳝﻠﻚ )ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،(١‬ﺃﻭ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ ﰒ‬
‫ﻗﺬﻓﻬﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻗﺬﻓﻬﺎ ﺑﻮﻟﺪ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﻧﻔﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻼﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻨﻔﻲ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻫﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﺘﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٢٧‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﲎ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻨﻜﺢ ﺍﻷﺏ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺑﺮﺿﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،(٥١٣٦) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺌﺬﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻄﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻜﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻜﻮﺕ‪،‬‬
‫)‪.(١٤١٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٢٣/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٣٢/٨‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪.(١١٨/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻳﻌﺰﺭ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٣٢/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٢٤/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٨٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٣٥/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٤٨٧‬‬

‫‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻳﻠﺤﻖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ)‪(٣‬؛ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ)‪(٤‬؛ ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﷲ )ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﺪ ﻷﺭﺑﻊ ﺳﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺠﻼﻥ؛ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﻷﺭﺑﻊ ﺳﻨﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺖ؛ ﳌﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﷲ ﳍﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﹸﻗﹺﺒ ﹶﻞ)‪ (٦‬ﻗﹶﻮﻟﹸﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺗﺖ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺗﺪﻋﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺪﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٩١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻼﻋﻦ ﺑﻨﻔﻲ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺑﺎﺋﻦ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﲢﻞ ﻟﻐﲑﻩ ﻧﻜﺎﺣﻬﺎ؟‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٩٢‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ؛‪ (٧)/‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻳﻠﺤﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻌﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ؛ ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻏﲑ ﺯﻭﺟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﳕﺎ)‪ (٨‬ﻳﻨﻔﻲ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺄ)‪ (٩‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺯﻭﺟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ)‪ (١٠‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ)‪ (١١‬ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ)‪ (١٢‬ﻣﻔﺎﺭﻗﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺰﻳﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﺻﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻟﻪ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﻤﻞ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ )‪ (١٥‬ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‪..‬‬ ‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺑﺎﺋﻦﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﻔﻲ‬
‫‪ -١٤٩٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻻﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﻔ ﹺﻲ ﲪ ﹴﻞ ﰲ ﻃﻼ ﹴ‬
‫ﺶ)‪ (١٦‬ﺫﻟﻚ ]ﺍﳊﻤﻞ[‪ ..‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬ ‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻨﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫‪ (٧٢٤‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٨٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٣٧/٨‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪٧٢ /٦‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٥٤٧/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٥٦٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٧٨-٣٧٧/٨‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﻳﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻣﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٥٢‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﺷﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﻭﺷﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻘﻄﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٧٢٤/٦‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﻟﻌﻞ ﺻﻮﺍ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﰲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٦‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫ﺐ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺶ‪ :‬ﹶﺫ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٥٥٩/٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫‪ ٤٨٨‬‬

‫‪ -١٤٩٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺬﻓﻬﺎ ﰒ ﻭﻃﺌﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﺊ ﻟﻴﺴﻘﻂ)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﺙ‪ ..‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻼﻋﻦ)‪.(٥) (٤‬‬ ‫‪ -١٤٩٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٣‬ﹶﻗ ﹶﺬﻓﹶﻬﺎ ﺑﻐ ﹺﲑ ﻧﻔ ﹺﻲ ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﰲ ﺧﻠ ﹴﻊ ﺃﻭ ﻃﻼ ﹺ‬
‫ﻕ ﺛﻼ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٩٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻻﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ‪» :‬ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﲏ«‪ ،‬ﻓﻄﻠﺒﺖ)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻥ ﳛﺪ)‪ (٧‬ﳍﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺀ‬ ‫)‪(١١‬؛ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺴﺘﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﳛﺪ)‪(٨‬؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪» :‬ﺯﻧﺖ«)‪ ،(٩‬ﻓﻴﻼﻋﻦ ﺃﻭ ﳛﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻓﺘﺤﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺟﺎﺀ‪$ :‬ﺍﺩﺭﺅﻭﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ)‪ (١‬ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ‪.#‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺬﻑ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻨﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻧﺎ ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﻧﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﺒﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﲪﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻗﺎﺫﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻟﻌﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٣٣٧/٨‬ﻟﻮ ﻻﻋﻦ ﻓﺒﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﲪﻞ‪ ..‬ﺗﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ"‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ،(٤٤٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ،(٣٨٢/٣‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٢٨-٢٢٦/٨‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪)" :‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﺑﺎ‪‬ﺎ(‬
‫ﺑﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ )ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺬﻓﻬﺎ( ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺬﻓﻬﺎ )ﺑﺰﻧﺎ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ( ﺃﻱ ﺯﻣﻦ )ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪..‬‬
‫ﻻﻋﻦ( ﻟﻠﻨﻔﻲ )ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ( ﻫﻨﺎﻙ )ﻭﻟﺪ( ﺃﻭ ﲪﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ )ﻳﻠﺤﻘﻪ( ﻇﺎﻫ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﻧﻔﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻟﻌﺎﻧﻪ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺻﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻭﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻳﺴﻘﻂ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺣﺪ ﻗﺬﻓﻪ ﳍﺎ ﻭﻳﻠﺰﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻟﻠﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻻ ﻟﻌﺎﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻼﻋﻦ ﻫﻲ ﻛﺎﻟﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﲞﻼﻑ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻧﻼﻋﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٢٤/٦‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٤٤‬ﻭﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٣٧/٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(١١٩/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻃﻠﺒﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﳓﺪ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺯﻧﻴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲢﺪ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻓﻨﺴﺘﻔﺴﺮﻩ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻧﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺎﺫﻑ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٧٢٥/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٧٣٩‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٤١‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪ ،(٩٢/٨‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٧٢٥/٦‬ﺇﻥ ﻃﻠﺒﺖ ﺍﳊﺪ‪ ..‬ﺣﻠﻒ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﻗﺬﻓﻬﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺣﻠﻒ‪ ..‬ﺑﺮﺉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻧﻜﻞ‪ ..‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻭ ﻻﻋﻦ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﰲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﺘﺪﺧﻞ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٤٨٩‬‬

‫‪ -١٤٩٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻟﺘﻌﻦ‪ ..‬ﺟﻠﺪ ﺍﳊﺪ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﳊﺪ‪..‬‬
‫ﳊ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻭ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜﺮ‪‬ﻩ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺏ ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ﱠﻞ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﺿ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﻌﺎﻥ‪ ،‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﳊﺪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻠﺘﻌﻦ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺿ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -١٤٩٨‬ﻭﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٤٩٩‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ )ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :(٥‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻧﺎ ﰒ ﳚﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﺍﳊﺪ ﻓﲑﺟﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﻣﺎﻋﺰ)‪ (٦‬ﺣﲔ ﺍﻧﻔﻠﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻔﺮﺓ‪$ :‬ﺃﻓﻼ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﻤﻮﻩ‪.(٧)#‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٠٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻻﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﲟﻜﺔ‪ ..‬ﻻﻋﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ)‪ ..(٨‬ﻻﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ)‪ (٩‬ﻋﻨﺪ)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﳌﻨﱪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﻋﻦ ﺑﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ‪ ..‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺑﻠﺪ‪..‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٠١‬ﻭﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻡ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺟﺎﻟﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻠﺘﻌﻦ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻓﺘﻠﺘﻌﻦ)‪ (٣‬ﺑﻌﺪﻩ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٢٦/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٨٣‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٤٧٥/١٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٤٩/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﱂ ﺃﻋﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ"‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‬
‫‪ ، ‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٦٧/٦‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎﻋﺰ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻤﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،  ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻟﻘﺐ‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ ﺻﺤﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺪﻭﺩ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﺑﺈﺳﻼﻡ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻋﺘﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﳏﺼﻨﹰﺎ ﰲ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺟﻢ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﹰﺍ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ )‪ ،(١٣٤٥/٣‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫)‪.(٥٢١/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٩٨٠٩ :٥٠٢/١٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺩﺭﺀ ﺍﳊﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺮﻑ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺟﻊ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤٢٨‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﺴﻦ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻢ‪ ،(٢٥٥٤) ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ )ﺹ‪ ، (٨١٩ :٢٠٨‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ )‪.(٤٤٣٩ :٢٨٧/١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﲔ ﺍﳌﺘﻼﻋﻨﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻟﻔﻈﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٧٢٦/٦‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺻﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﺃﻭﺟﻪ ﻟﻸﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺗﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪-١٠٨/٨‬‬
‫‪.(١٠٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٢٦/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٤٣‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪.(١٠٨/٨‬‬
‫‪ ٤٩٠‬‬

‫)‪(٧‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻨﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻀﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺋ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -١٥٠٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٥‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪/‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٠٣‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٠٤‬ﻭﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺑﺪﺃ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ‪ ، ‬ﰒ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ)‪.(١١)(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٠٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻢ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٠٦‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺣﲔ ﺑﺪﺃ ﺭﻛﺎﻧﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻠﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ،(١٣)‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ!‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺭ)‪ (١٤‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪] ‬ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ[‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻠﺘﻔﺖ ﺇﱃ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺣﻖ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﲔ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٥٦/٨‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٤٣‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(١١٢/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪" :(٥١٤‬ﺗﻼﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺟﺎﻟﺴﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻠﺘﻌﻦ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٢٦/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٤٢‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪.(١٠٥/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٥٣‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٢٦/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٤٣‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪.(١٠٩/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻣﻲ ﻛﺎﻟﺬﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٢٦/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٤٣‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪.(١٠٩/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٢٧/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٤٢‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪.(١٠٥/٨‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٢٧/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٤٢‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪.(١٠٥/٨‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ ،  :‬ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﻓﻮﻗﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻜﺮﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٣٠٥/٦‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺔ‪ ٢٢٠٦) ،‬ﻭ‪ (٢٢٠٧‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻏﲑﻩ )‪ ،(٢٢٠٨‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ )‪ ،(٤٢٧٤ :٩٧/١٠‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺔ‪ ،(١١٧٧) ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺔ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺔ‪.(٢٠٥١) ،‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٤٩١‬‬

‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺮﺟ ﹴﻞ ﺑﻌﻴﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻄﻠﺒﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﳊﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫‪ -١٥٠٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺭﻣﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﻩ‪ ..(١)/‬ﱂ ﳛﺪ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺭﻣﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻻﻋﻦ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٠٨‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻﻋﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﰲ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺭﻣﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺟﻞ)‪(٣‬؛ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻟﻠﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺑﻼ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ ..‬ﻋﺮﻓﻨﺎ)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻬﻤﻪ‪(٥)#‬؛ ﻭﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺟﻞ ﺛﻨﺎﺅﻩ ﳌﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺯﻧﺎ )ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ‪ (٧‬ﻗﺪ ﺭﻣﻰ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻑ‪/٧٥)/‬ﺏ(؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﻔﻲ)‪ (٨‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺬﻑ ﲪ ﹰ‬ ‫‪ -١٥٠٩‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻻﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹶﺓ ﺑﻘﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪ (١٠‬ﻓﺄﺩﺧﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻔ‪‬ﻴﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻧﻔﻲ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻭﻻﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺬﻑ ﰒ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻧﻔﻲ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ)‪ (١١‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‪" :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻻ ﻧﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺄﻟﺖ ﳏﻤﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪-‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪ -‬ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ"‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳊﺒﲑ )‪" :(٤٥٨/٣‬ﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﱪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ‪ :‬ﺿﻌﻔﻮﻩ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻌﻔﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺭﻭﺍﺀ )‪.(١٣٩/٧‬‬ ‫ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٢٨‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٧٣٢/٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺧﻄﺄ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺬﻓﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻠﺘﻌﻦ ﺑﻘﺬﻓﻪ ﻓﺄﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺣﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﺣﺪ ﻟﻪ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻠﺘﻌﻦ"‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٣١/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﻪ‪ :‬ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﻤﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ٢٨٦‬ﻭ‪.(٢٩١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻮﳝﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻼﱐ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ ،(٥٢٥٩‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ‪.(١٤٩٢) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﺮﻓﻨﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻨﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﻨﻔﻲ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲪﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٣٢-٧٣١/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٥١/٨‬‬
‫‪ ٤٩٢‬‬

‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻄﻠﺐ)‪ (١‬ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬

‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺪ ﳍﺎ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺬﻓﻬﺎ ]ﺑﻪ[‪..‬‬ ‫‪ -١٥١٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺬ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻟﻪ ﲟﺎ)‪ (٢‬ﺭﻣﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺄﻥ ﻓﻼ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﺯﻧﺎ ﺑﻚ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٥١١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﻒ ﻭﺭﺛﺘﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳍﻢ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٥١٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺪ ﳍﺎ‪ (٥)/‬ﺃﻭ ﻻﻋﻦ ﰒ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺬﻓﻬﺎ ]ﺑﻪ[‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳛﺪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺬﻑ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ]ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻩ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ[)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -١٥١٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻧﻜﻠﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺩﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺭﲨﺖ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺯﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻼﻋﻦ)‪(١٠‬؛‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﻳﺰﻭﻝ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻔﻴﻪ‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٥١٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺍﺵ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻼﱐ ﻻﻋﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻔﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻟﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﲪﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻨﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻭﻟﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٥١٥‬ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻻﻋﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻭﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﻭﻧﻔﻰ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻟﻮﺩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻨﻔﺎﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﳊﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺃﺓ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -١٥١٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﲪﻠﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ)‪ (١‬ﻧﻔﻲ ﻭﻟﺪﻫﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻧﻔﻰ ﻭﻟﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﻞ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ)‪ (٢‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻜﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻋﺴﺮﻩ)‪ (٤‬ﻭﺳﻬﻮﻟﺘﻪ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﻗﺪﺭ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﺄﺭﺍﺩ)‪ (٦‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻧﻔﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(٧‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳌﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٣٥/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٤٥/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٧٣٥/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٥٤‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٣٢/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٤٤/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻳﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺛﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﺟ‪‬ﻠﺪ‪‬ﺕ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٣٥/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ٣٢٨/٨‬ﻭ‪ ٣٣١‬ﻭ‪-٣٤٠‬‬
‫‪.(٣٤١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٧٣٦/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻳﻠﺤﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﺎﳌﻼﻋﻨﺔ‪ ،(٥٣١٥) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ ١٤٩٣‬ﻭ‪.(١٤٩٤‬‬
 ‫‪٤٩٣‬‬

‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‬ ‫‪ -١٥١٧‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻌﺔ ﲡﺐ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺷﻲﺀ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٥١٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﻞ ﻭﺃﻣﻜﻨﻪ ﻧﻔﻴﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺃﻭ ﺿﻨ‪‬ﻰ)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﻧﻔﻴﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﳝﻜﻨﻪ ﺍﻹﺷﻬﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳊﺒﺲ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﻧﻔﻴﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (١١‬ﺃﻣﻜﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﱴ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﻧﻔﻴﻪ ﻣﱴ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻢ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٥١٩‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻧﺎ‪ ..‬ﻻﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻬﺎ ]ﺗﺰﱐ[‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺯﻧﺖ)‪.(٢)(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﱃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺴﺮﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰒ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﺣﺒﻠﻰ ﻓﻠﻢ‬‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٣٦/٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٣٨/٦‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﺍﻹﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻤﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻞ ﰲ ﺣﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﻓﻨﻔﺎﻩ؛ ﻓﻴﺴﺄﻝ ﻫﻞ ﺃﻗﺮﺭﺕ ﲝﺒﻠﻬﺎ؟ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺖ ﻻ ﺃﺩﺭﻱ ﻟﻌﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﲝﻤﻞ‪ ..‬ﻻﻋﻦ ﻭﻧﻔﺎﻩ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻰ ﺃﻗﺮﺭﺕ ﲝﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﳝﻮﺕ ﻓﺄﺳﺘﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺴﻲ‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻧﻔﻴﻪ" ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(٢٩٢‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺭﺁﻫﺎ ﺣﺒﻠﻰ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﻧﻔﺎﻩ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﱂ ﺃﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﲝﻤﻞ‪ ..‬ﻻﻋﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻠﺖ ﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﳝﻮﺕ ﻓﺄﺳﺘﺮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻧﻔﻴﻪ" ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٣٦٠-٣٥٩/٨‬ﻟﻪ ﺗﺄﺧ ‪‬ﲑ ﻧﻔﻲﹺ ﺍﳊﻤ ﹺﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﺭﳛ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺧﺮ ﻭﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﺕ ﻷﲢﻘﻖ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ"‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪(٤٤٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٣٦/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٢٩٢‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﱴ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٣٧/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٢٩٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺯﻧﻴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٢٠/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٨٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٤١‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪.(٩٩-٩٨/٨‬‬
‫‪ ٤٩٤‬‬

‫  )‪ (١‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ]ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ‪.[٦ :‬‬ ‫‪ -١٥٢٠‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ :  /‬‬

‫‪ -١٥٢١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻣﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺬﻑ‪ ..‬ﱂ)‪ (٢‬ﻳﻜﻦ ﻗﺎﺫﹰﻓﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺼﺮﺡ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ‪..‬‬ ‫‪ -١٥٢٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٤‬ﺳﺄﻟﺖ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﺣﻠﻒ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺣﻠﻒ‪ ..‬ﺑﺮﺉ‪ ،(٥)/‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻧﻜﻞ ﻭﺣﻠﻔﺖ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﻜﻤﻪ ﺣﻜﻢ)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺫﻑ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ]ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ[‪ :‬ﻻ ﻟﻌﺎﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹺﻞ ﻭﺍﻣﺮﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺬﻑ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪ -١٥٢٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺗﺰﱐ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٢٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻔﻲ ﲪﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﺑﻠﻌﺎﻥ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﱪﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﲝﻴﻀﺔ‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﰒ ﱂ ﺃﻃﺄﻫﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﱴ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﱪﺋﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻭﻳﻼﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻧﺎ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫)‪(٣) (٢‬‬
‫؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -١٥٢٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻔﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘ ‪‬ﱪﺃﹶﻫﺎ)‪ (١‬ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﱪﹺﺋﻬﺎ‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﺴﺄﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻼﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﱪﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﲢﻴﺾ ﺍﳊﺎﻣﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪  :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﶈﺼﻨﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﱂ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٣٩/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٤٠‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪.(٨٨/٨‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٥٥‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺤﻠﻔﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺤﻜﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٤٥/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٤٠‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪.(٨٨/٨‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪.(٣٦٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺗﻼﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪ (٣٦٠/٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٢٩١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﱪﺃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﺘﱪﺉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩٠‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ١٢٢-١٢١/٢‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٤٣١/١٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٣١/٨‬‬
 ‫‪٤٩٥‬‬

‫‪ -١٥٢٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﻓﺠﺎﺀﺕ)‪ (١‬ﺑﻮﻟﺪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ)‪) (٢‬ﻳﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻟﺪﻫﺎ‪ (٣‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ]ﻫﺬﺍ[ ﺍﺑﲏ ﻭﻻ ﺍﺑﻨﻚ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻟﻌﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺄﰐ)‪ (٤‬ﺑﺄﺭﺑﻊ)‪ (٥‬ﻧﺴﻮﺓ ﻳﺸﻬﺪﻥ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻟﺪﺗﻪ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺯﻭﺟﺔ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻠﺤﻖ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻧﺴﻮﺓ‪ ..‬ﳊﻖ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻔﻴﻪ‪ (٦)/‬ﺑﻠﻌﺎﻥ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٢٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ]ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ[‪ :‬ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ)‪ (٨‬ﺻﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﻭﻟﺪﻫﺎ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺑﻴﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﻔﻰ‬ ‫‪] -١٥٢٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹺﻞ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻭﺃﻗﺮ)‪ (١١‬ﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻤﺎ ﻻﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ)‪- (١٢‬ﻻﻋﻦ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﻼﻋﻦ‪ -‬ﺇﻥ ﻃﻠﺒﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٢٩‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹸﺓ ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﻔﺎﻩ)‪ (١‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻣﲑﺍﺙ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻨﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﺗﻠﺘﻌﻦ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻻ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﰲ ﻟﻌﺎ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﺇﻻ ﺩﺭﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺏ ﺑﻪ)‪ (١‬ﺃﻭ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ]ﺍﳊﺪ[‬
‫ﺑﺘﺮﻛﻪ)‪.(٣) (٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻟﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ :‬ﻳﺄﰐ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ : (٧٣٩/٦‬ﺗﺄﰐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺄﺭﺑﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٢٨‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٧٣٩/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟﻜﺎﰲ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﱪ )‪.(٦١٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻗﺮﺍ ﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١١‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﳛﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٤٠/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٨٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٥٨/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻨﻔﺎﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٣٤-٧٣٣/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٥٦/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٤٩٦‬‬

‫‪ -١٥٣٠‬ﻭﻟﻮ)‪ (٤‬ﻧﻔﻰ )ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ (٥‬ﻓﺄﺗﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﻛﻠﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﻨﺔ ﰒ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺏ‪..‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻼﺑﻦ ﻣﲑﺍﺛﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﻓﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻷﺏ‪ ..(٧)/‬ﺣﺪ ﻭﻭﺭﺛﻪ)‪/٧٦)/(٨‬ﺏ()‪.(٩‬‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻧﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﲡﺰ‬ ‫‪ -١٥٣١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺷﻬﺪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻻﻋﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٣٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﺔ)‪ (١٣‬ﻳﺸﻬﺪﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻧﺎﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﺣﺪﺕ‪) ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻼﻋﻦ‪ (١٤‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﻧﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻠﺘﻌﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻠﻌﺎﻥ)‪.(١٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٣٣‬ﻭﻻ ﲡﻮﺯ)‪ (١‬ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ )ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ (٢‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﻦ ﺃﻭ)‪ (٣‬ﻣﺎ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺘﺮﻛﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٧٢٧/٦‬ﻭ‪ ٧٣٢‬ﻭ‪ (٧٣٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٥٦/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﺪﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٥٦‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻭﺭﺛﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٨‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٣٤/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ٣٥١/٨‬ﻭ‪.(٣٥٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳚﺰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٤٥/٦‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٥١٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٠٨/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺑﺄﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺷﻬﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﻼﻋﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٤٦/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٤٤‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪.(١١٨/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳚﻮﺯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺸﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٧٤٦/٦‬ﻭ‪.(٥٩٣/٧‬‬
 ‫‪٤٩٧‬‬

‫‪ -١٥٣٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﰒ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺸﺎﻫﺪﻳﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﺃﻧﻜﺮﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻟﻌﺎﻥ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻠﺘﻌﻦ)‪ ..(٣‬ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎﻥ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٣٥‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻌﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻈ ‪‬ﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻨﺖ ﺃﻭ)‪ (٤‬ﱂ ﺗﻠﺘﻌﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﻫ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (٥‬ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﲑﺍﺙ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫‪] ‬ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ[‬ ‫‪ -١٥٣٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻻﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫ﲨﻴ ‪‬ﻌﺎ؟‬
‫‪ -١٥٣٧‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﳓﻦ ﻧﻼﻋﻦ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻻﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ)‪ ،  (٨‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻟﻠﻨﱯ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﱪ)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ‪ ..‬ﻓﻨﺘﺒﻌﻪ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻘﻊ)‪ (١١‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻘﻊ)‪ (١‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣ ﹰﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻟﻮ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻼﻋﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﺑﻨﻔﻲ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺬﻑ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺍﺩﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﳍﺎ ]ﺫﻟﻚ[‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٤٦/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٦٤/٨‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻠﺘﻌﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٣٥/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٤٣‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪.(١١٤-١١٣/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭﻛﺄ‪‬ﺎ‪" :‬ﺣﻈﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ"‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪" :‬ﺣﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ"‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺧﱪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺘﺒﻌﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٤٩٨‬‬

‫ ½ ¾¿  ]ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ‪[٨ :‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺇﻻ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪:(١) ‬‬
‫ﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻌ‪‬ﻨﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ (٢)/‬ﻓﺈﻥ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﺫ ﹾﻛﺮ‪‬ﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٥٧‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺃﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪....‬‬
 ‫‪٤٩٩‬‬

‫‪xYz6 P‬א ‪N‬ق ‬

‫ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ )ﺑﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٣٨‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪] :‬ﻭﻗﺪ[ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤﻰ‬
‫ﺡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ (٣)/ (٢‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪]  

  :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ ،[٢٢٩ :‬ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ u t s  :‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ﹴ‬
‫ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫)ﺯ( )‪(٤‬‬
‫] ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺃﺯﻭﺍﺟﻪ‪



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‫‪]  ª

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§

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£


¢‬ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ‪،[٢٨ :‬‬

‫ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪]  

  :‬ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ‪.(٥)[ [٤٩ :‬‬

‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫]ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺔ[‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪]  ½


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º

¹

¸  :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪،[٢٢٩ :‬‬ ‫‪ -١٥٣٩‬ﻭﺑﺼﻔﺔ‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﰎ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻃﻼﹰﻗﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻧﻮﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹶﻞ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﺗﻔﺘﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ‬
‫ﻃﻼﹰﻗﺎ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻛﻞ ﻛﻼﻡ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫‪ -١٥٤٠‬ﻭﺩﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺇﲨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻯ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲰﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﺑﺎﲰﲔ ﻣﺼﺮﺣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﺎﻟﺚ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺮﺕ ﻣﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ ﻭﻻﻧﺴﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٧٧‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﲏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٦٥٤/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻓﺎﻷﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﳛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﺍﺡ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٥٤-٦٥٣/٦‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬
‫)ﺹ‪.(٤٨٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﳛﺘﻤﻞ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻩ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪ (٢٧٩/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٣/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺼﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻄﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻔﺘﺪﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٥٠٢/٦‬‬
‫‪ ٥٠٠‬‬

‫ﺕ ﺑﹺﻬﺎ ؟‪ ،(٧)#‬ﻭﻣﺎ‬
‫‪ -١٥٤١‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻟﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺔ)‪$ :(٦‬ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﲨﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ‪» :‬ﺍﺫﻫﱯ« ﺃﻭ »ﺍﺧﺮﺟﻲ« ﺃﻭ »ﺗﻘﻨﻌﻲ« ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻧﻮﻯ ﻃﻼﹰﻗﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻃﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ‬
‫ﻛﻼ ﹴﻡ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪» :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺣﺮﺍﻡ«‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ »ﺑﺎﺋﻦ« ﺃﻭ »ﺧﻠﻴﺔ« ﺃﻭ »ﺑﺮﻳﺔ« ﺃﻭ)‪» (٨‬ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻱ«‬
‫‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ)‪» (٩‬ﺃﻣﺮﻙ ﺑﻴﺪﻙ« ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﺎ ‪‬ﺳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ »ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺔ« ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺃﲨﻊ )ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻃﻼﹰﻗﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٤٢‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﳑﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻴﺎ ‪‬ﺳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺃﲨﻌﻮﺍ)‪ (١١‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪» :‬ﺍﺫﻫﱯ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻠﻚ«‪ ،‬ﻭ)‪» (١٢‬ﺍﺳﺘﺘﺮﻱ«‪ ،‬ﻭﳓﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻃﻼﹰﻗﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ‪ :‬ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ )ﺹ‪ (٧٣‬ﻭﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٦/٨‬ﻭﻧﻘﺪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ )ﺹ‪(٧٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ )‪.(٧٧١/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻬﺪ )‪ (٧٤/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻬﺪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻕ ﺑﺎﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻧﻘﺪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﺇﺫ ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ‪-‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ ‪ -‬ﻗﺪ ﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﺭﺍﺑﻊ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺻﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺑﺄﻟﻔﺎﻇﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻠﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻛﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪" :‬ﺷﺒﻪ" ﺃﻭ "ﻳﺸﺒﻪ"‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪" :‬ﺷﺒﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٠٣/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٣١١‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٦٥‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٤٨٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٨٠/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ (٢٦/٨‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻛﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺎ ﲢﺘﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٥٠١‬‬

‫‪ -١٥٤٣‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻭﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻭﺟﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺈﺣﺪﻯ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﻭﻫﻲ)‪:(١‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٤٤‬ﺃ ( ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﺍﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺻﺮﻳﺢ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ (٣)/‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٤٥‬ﺏ( ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻠﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺻﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻃﻠﻖ ‪‬ﺎ )ﺭﺟﻞ‪ ..‬ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺒﻂ‪ (٤‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٤٦‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٤٧‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ)‪ (٥‬ﺗﺸﺒﻪ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻧﻮﻯ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺛﻨﺘﲔ)‪ ..(٨)/(٧‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ)‪(٩‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮﺍ ﰲ‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻛﻞ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺟﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،(١٢)#‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪/٧٧)/:‬ﺏ( ﺇﳕﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﺷﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻧﻄﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻨﺘﲔ)‪ ،(١٣‬ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ)‪ ،(١٤‬ﻭﱂ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٥٨‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺸﺒﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٢٢‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٠٣/٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٩٤/٣‬‬ ‫)‪( ٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﻪ )‪ (٦٦/٥‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ ﰲ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﻪ )‪ (٣٥٥/٦‬ﻭﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﺮﻳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺛﻨﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻠﻘﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪،(٥٢٥١) ،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﲢﺮﱘ ﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺾ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺭﺿﺎﻫﺎ‪.(١٤٧١) ،‬‬
‫‪ ٥٠٢‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ)‪ (١‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ )ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪  (٢‬ﺇﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﺃﻭﱃ‬
‫ﲔ ﻧﻜﺎﺣ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ؛ ﻭﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺯﻭﺟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺰﻭﻝ)‪ (٣‬ﻳﻘ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٤٨‬ﻭ]ﻗﺪ[ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ]‪ [ ‬ﻳﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻃﻼﻕ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺎﺋﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﻫﺎ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٤٩‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ]ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ[‪] :‬ﻭ[ﻛﻞ ﻓﺮﻗﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﲔ ﺯﻭﺟﲔ ﱂ ﻳﻠﻔﻆ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﻄﻼﻕ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﲤﻠﻴﻚ ﻟﺰﻭﺟﺘﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻮﻛﻴﻞ ﻷﺣﺪ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗﺒ‪‬ﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻪ ﻓﺴﺦ ﺑﻼ ﻃﻼﻕ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٥٠‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻨ‪‬ﲔ)‪ (٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﳚﺪ ﻣﻬﺮ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ)‪ (٩‬ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﺰﻭﺝ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺗﻘﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳉﺬﻣﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺻﺎﺀ ﻓﲑﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺘﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺗﻐﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺴﺦ ﺑﻼ ﻃﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﲔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺭﺿﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٥١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺑﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻦ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﳍﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺍﳌﺮﺿ‪‬ﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﳍﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ‪ (١٣)/‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﳑﻦ ﻻ ﻓﻌﻞ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ)‪ (١‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻠﺰﻭﺝ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺮﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪. ‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺰﻳﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٣١٢/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﻠﻔﻆ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٠٩/٦‬ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺏ )ﺹ‪ (٣٢٦‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ ﻣﻊ ﲢﺮﻳﺮ ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺏ )ﺹ‪.(٢٢١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٠٩/٦‬ﻭ‪.(٤٧٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٧٥/٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٢٣٥/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٣٠٩‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻓﺮﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺑﻐﲑ ﲤﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﺇﻳﺎﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﻻ ﻓﺴﺦ ﻋﻘﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٣٠٩/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺦ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻧﻮﻋ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺏ )ﺹ‪.(٣٢٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٥٩‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٥٠٣‬‬

‫ﻼ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ)‪ (٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺻﺎﺀ‬

‫‪ -١٥٥٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺑﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﺬﻣﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺗﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ)‪ (٤‬ﹸﻏ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻻ)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺣﺪﺙ)‪ (٦‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺗﻐﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﳍﺎ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ)‪(٧‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ]ﻛﺎﻥ[ ﻟﻪ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﺺ ﻋﻤﺎ)‪ (٨‬ﺷﺮﻁ ]ﻟﻪ[‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٥٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺧﻼ ﺑﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﻭﻧﺎﻝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﳚﺎﻣﻊ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﳍﺎ ﺷﻲﺀ)‪،(٩‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ ﻻ ﳚﺐ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﻴﺲ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﻗﻮﻝ ]ﺍﺑﻦ[ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ)‪:(١١‬‬
‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪‬‬ ‫‪$‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﻼ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺃﻏﻠﻖ ﺑﺎ‪‬ﺑﺎ)‪ (١٢‬ﻭﺃﺭﺧﻰ ﺳﺘ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪] ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻭﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ[‪ #‬ﻟﻘﻮﻝ‬
‫‪$ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﺖ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﳑﺎ ﺃﻣﺮﻛﻢ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺑﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻣﺮﺗﻜﻢ ﺑﻪ‪ ،(١٤)#‬ﻭﳑﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ ﻻ‬
‫ﳚﺐ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻷﻥ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﰲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢١٧/٦‬ﻭ)‪.(٦٢١/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٥٤٦/٦‬ﻭ‪.(٦٢٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪ ‬؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٤٦/٦‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ )‪:٢٩١-٢٩٠/٦‬‬
‫‪ (١٠٨٨٢‬ﻭﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﰲ ﺳﻨﻨﻪ )‪ (٧٧٢ :٢٠٤/١‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﻪ )‪.(٢٣٦-٢٣٤/٤‬‬
‫)‪) (١١‬ﻭﻋﻠﻲ( ﻣﻜﺮﺭﺓ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺗﻜﺮﺭﺕ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪) :‬ﻟﻘﻮﻝ( ﰲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻟﻠﻮﺭﻗﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ )ﺹ‪- (٨٧‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﺑﻪ"‪ -‬ﻭﰲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﲨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٩/٩‬ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪ (٧٦/٧‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻔﻘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﻄﺐ ‪ . ‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺷﺎﻛﺮ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٩٧‬ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪" :‬ﺗﻌﺒﺖ ﰲ ﲝﺜﻪ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻻ ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ ‪‬ﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﺭﺍﻫﺎ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺟﺢ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ" ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٣‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﻦ‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٥٠٤‬‬

‫‪ -١٥٥٤‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺦ ﻳﻘﻊ ﺑﲔ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺑﻼ ﻃﻼﻕ‪ :‬ﺇﲨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﻉ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ)‪.(١‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻗﻮﻡ ﻏﺎﺑﻮﺍ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﳚﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﻔﻖ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺣﲔ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫‪ -١٥٥٥‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻬﻢ‪$ :‬ﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻌﺜﻮﺍ ﺑﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻄﻠﻘﻮﺍ‪ ،(٤)#‬ﻭﻗﻴﺎ ‪‬ﺳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻨﲔ؛ )ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻁﺀ‪ (٥‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺇﳕﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺟﺒﺖ ﻟﻠﺰﻭﺟﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﺑﻌﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ؛ ﺍﻟﻮﻁﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻣﻨﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ)‪ (٦‬ﻣﺎ ﺷﺮﻁ ﳍﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻘﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﱂ)‪ (٧‬ﻳﻮﻓﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻏﲑ ﺯﻭﺟﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻢ ﳍﺎ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺮﺟﻞ ﺑﺎﻉ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺗﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻃﺒﺎﻕ ﻭﻗﺒﺾ ﲦﻨﻪ ﰒ ﻧﻘﺺ)‪ (٨‬ﺑﻌﺾ)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻃﺒﺎﻗﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻪ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﻮﻓﻪ)‪ (١٠‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺇﲨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺯﻭﺍﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻄﻠﻘﺎﺕ‪ (١١)/‬ﻧﺼﻒ ﺻﺪﺍﻗﻬﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﺑﻄﻠﺐ)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻠﻔﻆ)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻄﻼﻕ‪ .‬ﱂ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﻃﻼﻕ ﻭﻻ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻬﺮ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﲔ ﻛﻤﺎ)‪ (٢‬ﻭﺻﻔﻨﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﱂ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺴﺨﻨﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻔﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺣﻨﻄﺐ ‪ " : ‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺟﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻘﲔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻐﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ...‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻘﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺻﺤﺎﺑﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ ﻫﻲ ﻓﺴﺦ ﺑﻼ ﻃﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﶈﻠﻰ‬
‫)‪.(١٩٤٢ :١٤٣-١٤٢/١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٣٥/٦‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ ﰲ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﻪ )‪ ١٢٣٤٦ :٩٤-٩٣/٧‬ﻭ‪ (١٢٣٤٧‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﻪ )‪.(٢١٥/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻛﺮﺭﺕ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺻﻴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻮﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٦٠‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻄﻠﺖ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲟﺜﻨﺎﺓ ﻓﻮﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﲢﺘﻴﺔ ﻣﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﻠﻔﻆ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪٥٠٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٥٠٦‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א ‪N‬ق‪ E١F‬‬

‫ﻉ ﺗﻄﻠﻴﻘ ﹰﺔ‬
‫‪ -١٥٥٦‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻠﻘﹶﻬﺎ ﻃﺎﻫ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﲨﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﻨ ‪‬ﺔ)‪(٢‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫ﺐ ﹺﺇﹶﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳﺒﹺﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺧﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﹶﺣ ‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺮ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﻭ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺷﻲﺀ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻗﺪ)‪ (٥‬ﻃﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻼﱐ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﺎ‪/٧٨)/ ،(٧)#‬ﺏ( ﻭﱂ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﻥ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻨﻜﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﺳﺄﻝ ﺻﺎﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺔ‪$ :‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻟﻴﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪ (٨‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﻜﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٥٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ]ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ[ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﳍﺎ‪» :‬ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ«‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﲢﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻨﻜﺢ ﺯﻭ ‪‬ﺟﺎ ﻏﲑﻩ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﻕ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ‪ ..‬ﻃﻠﻘﺖ ﺑﺎﻷﻭﱃ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫‪ -١٥٥٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫
‬ ‫


‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺋﻨﺔ)‪(٣)(٢‬؛ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (٤‬ﺑﺎﺋﻦ)‪ (٥‬ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ )ﺗﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪
~
}  :(٦‬‬

‫  ]ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ‪ ،[٤٩ :‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ ﳌﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ)‪ (٨‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ)‪.(٩‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﰲ ]‪/٢٩‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٤٥٨-٤٥٧/٦‬ﻭ‪ ٤٦١‬ﻭ‪ (٤٦٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٢٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ٣٠٨-٣٠٧/٣‬ﻭ‪.(٣١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻃﻠﻖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺣﺎﺋﺾ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﻓﺴﺄﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ " :‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﻓﻠﲑﺍﺟﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻟﻴﻤﺴﻜﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻄﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﲢﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﻄﻬﺮ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‪..‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺴﻜﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﳝﺲ ﻓﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺟﻞ ﻭﻋﺰ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻄﻠﻖ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ"‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻔﻆ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٥٨/٦‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻃﻠﻘﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻓﻄﻠﻘﻮﻫﻦ ﻟﻌﺪ‪‬ﻦ ﻭﺃﺣﺼﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‪ (٥٢٥١) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﲢﺮﱘ ﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺾ ﺑﻐﲑ‬
‫ﺭﺿﺎﻫﺎ‪.(١٤٧١) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻛﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺳﺒﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٦٧/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ٧٥/٨‬ﻭ‪.(٧٩‬‬
 ‫‪٥٠٧‬‬

‫‪ -١٥٥٩‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ]ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ[ ﻻﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ‪» :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﻏ ‪‬ﺪﺍ«‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﻃﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪..‬‬
‫ﻃﻠﻘﺖ)‪(١٠‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﺳﻢ @ﻏ ‪‬ﺪﺍ! ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﲔ ﻳﻄﻠﻊ)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪] -١٥٦٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻫﻲ)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ‪) » :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ ..(١٣)/‬ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ«‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ »ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﺇﱃ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ«‪ ،(١٤‬ﺃﻭ)‪» (١٥‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻞ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ«‪ ،(١٦)/‬ﺃﻭ)‪»(١٧‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ«‪..‬‬
‫ﻼ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻃﻠﻘﺖ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻳﺴﺘﻬﻞ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ)‪ ،(١٨‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (١٩‬ﻭﻃﺌﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺟﺎﻫ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺪﺭﺅ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﳊﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺋﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٤٦٧/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٤٦٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٧٩/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺋﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٤٦٨/٦‬ﻭ‪.(٤٦٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٤٦٩/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﻄﻠﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٢٩‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪) :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﱃ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ( ﻭﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )ﰲ( ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪،‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﻭﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٦١‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٨‬ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻃﺎﻟﻘﹰﺎ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺗﻐﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺮﻯ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﻼﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪،(٤٧٠/٦‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٢٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣١٣/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٥٠٨‬‬

‫‪ -١٥٦١‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ‪» :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ]ﻛﺬﺍ[)ﺯ( ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﻏﺪ«‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟ ﹰﻘﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﺧﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ)‪]» (٢‬ﺃﻧﺖ[ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺃﻗﻀﻚ)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ« ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ‪‬ﻭﻗﱠﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﰲ »ﺷﻬﺮ ﻛﺬﺍ« ﺃﻭ »ﰲ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫]ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ[‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻼ ﺣﻠﻒ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ‪ ..‬ﺣﻨﺚ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﺪ« ﻟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻮﺳﻄﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻟﺰﻣﻪ)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٦٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﰲ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ« ﺃﻭ »ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ« ﺃﻭ »ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ«‪ ..‬ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ »ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ«‪ ..‬ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭ)‪ (٧‬ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٦٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ‪» :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳍﻼﻝ«‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻬﻞ ﺍﳍﻼﻝ ﻓﺘﻄﻠﻖ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺘﺌ ‪‬ﺬ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ]ﻗﺪ[ ﻧﻮﻯ‪» :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳍﻼﻝ«‪ ..‬ﻓﺘﻄﻠﻖ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٦٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ]ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ[‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ‪» :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺔ! ﺃﻭ @ﲟﻜﺔ! ﺃﻭ‬
‫@ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ! ﺃﻭ @ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ« ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ‪ /‬ﳐﻠﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻳﺄﰐ ﻟﻴﺲ ﲟﺨﻠﻮﻕ)‪ (١٠‬ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺄﰐ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺄﺕ)‪ ..(١١‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ)‪(١٢‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻃﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﳐﻠﻮﻗﺔ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٧٠/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٢٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣١/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻻﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﲢﺘﻤﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻟﻌﻠﻬﺎ )ﺃﻓﻀﻚ(‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺩﺧﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭﲢﺘﻤﻞ‪ :‬ﻟﺰﻣﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ ..‬ﻃﻠﻘﺖ ﺣﺎ ﹰﻻ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١١٩/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻘﻔﻲ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﻃﻠﻘﺖ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١١٦/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳐﻠﻮﻕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺄﰐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪" :(٣٣٢/٣‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ‪» :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ« ﺃﻭ »ﰲ ﻣﻜﺔ« ﺃﻭ »ﰲ ﺍﻟﻈﻞ« ﺃﻭ ﳓﻮ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﳑﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ‪ ..‬ﻃﻠﻘﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ )‪.(٣٥٨/٣‬‬
 ‫‪٥٠٩‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺣﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﻮﻯ‪» :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﻨﺖ ﲟﻜﺔ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ« ﺣﺴﺒﺖ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺠﺎ)‪ (٢‬ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ؛ ]ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ[ ﺇﺫﺍ ﲤﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺑﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‪ ..‬ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ]ﺑﻪ[‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﳐﻠﻮﻗﺔ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻃﻼﻗﻲ‪ ..‬ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ«‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫‪ -١٥٦٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﻊ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻄﻠ‪‬ﻴﻘﹸﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ..‬ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ؛ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹰﺓ ﺑﺈﻳﻘﺎﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﺑﺈﻳﻘﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ (٦)/‬ﺑﻮﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٦٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ )ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ‪ (٨‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺛﻨﺘﲔ«)‪ ..(٩‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪﻳ‪‬ﻦ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٦٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (١١‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (١٢‬ﻃﻠﻘﺘﻚ«‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ »ﺇﻥ ﻃﻠﻘﺘﻚ« ﺃﻭ)‪» (١٣‬ﻣﱴ ﻃﻠﻘﺘﻚ« ﺃﻭ‬
‫» )ﺣﲔ ﻃﻠﻘﺘﻚ‪ «(١٤‬ﺃﻭ »ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻃﻠﻘﻚ«‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻄﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪..‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳐﻠﻮﻗﺘﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻜﻠﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٦٢‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٧١/٦‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٤٩١‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣١٦/٣‬ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪" :(٤٢٤‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪... :‬‬
‫ﺙ ﰲ ﳑﺴﻮﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻃﻠﻘﺔ"‪.‬‬ ‫»ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻃﻼﻗﻲ« ﻓﻄﻠﱠﻖ‪ ..‬ﻓﺜﻼ ﹲ‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻃﻠﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺛﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺛﻠﺜﲔ‪ .‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺛﻨﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻏﻠﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﻃﻠﻘﺔ ﰲ ﻃﻠﻘﺘﲔ« ﻭﻗﺼﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻴ ﹰﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺜﻼﺙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻧﻮﻯ ﻇﺮﻓﹰﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﹰﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺣﺴﺎﺑ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺜﻨﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺟﻬﻞ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺏ ﻭﻗﺼﺪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﻻ ﺗﺼﺢ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻨﻮ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺏ ﺃﻡ ﺟﻬﻠﻪ‪ .‬ﺍ‪.‬ﻫـ ﺑﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻐﲏ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ،(٢٩٨/٣‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٧٥/٦‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٤٨٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٤١٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻃﻠﻘﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٥١٠‬‬

‫ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪» :‬ﺇﳕﺎ)‪ (١‬ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺑﻘﻮﱄ ‪$‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻠﻘﺘﻚ ﺃﻭ ﻣﱴ ﻣﺎ ﻃﻠﻘﺘﻚ ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ‪..#‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼﻕ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻃﻠﻘﺘﻚ«‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٣‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻧﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺛﻨﺘﺎﻥ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻃﻠﻖ ﺛﻨﺘﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ‬
‫ﺛﻼﺙ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٦٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻃﻠﻘﺘﻚ ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ«‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪» :‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻃﻼﻗﻲ«؛‬
‫ﺗﻘﻊ)‪ (٦‬ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻠﻖ)‪ (٧‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٦٩‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻗﺪ ﻣﻀﻰ‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻃﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻗﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻃﻠﻖ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻉ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﻼ)‪ (٩‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ)‪(١٠‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻻ ﻳﺄﰐ ]ﻋﻠﻴﻪ[ ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻠﻤﺖ‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﻪ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٧٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺩﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ‪» :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ«‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺛﻼﺙ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺗﻜﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﻮﻯ)‪.(١٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻃﻠﻘﺘﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﻫﻲ ﳏﺘﻤﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺛﻨﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٧١/٦‬ﺇﻻ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺃﻧﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻠﻘﺘﻚ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﺑﻄﻼﻗﻲ‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﺪﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺒﺴﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﻌﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻌﻪ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺪﻗﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺪﻕ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٢٨/٨‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ " :‬ﺩ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‪‬ﺍ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٤٧٢/٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻠﻘﺘﻚ ﻓﺄﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻃﺎﻟﻘﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ"‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٤٧١/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٤٧١/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٧٣/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤١٨‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٩٦/٣‬ﺇﻻ ﺇﻥ ﲣﻠﻞ ﻓﺼﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﺜﻼﺙ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٥١١‬‬

‫‪ -١٥٧١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ‪» :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﻭﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﻭﻃﺎﻟﻖ«‪/٧٩)/‬ﺏ(‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺛﻼﺙ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺗﻜﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ)‪ (١‬ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺗﻜﺮﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‬
‫ﻀﺎ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺃﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻕ)‪ (٣‬ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻪ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﷲ ‪ ،(٢)‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍِ‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﻛﻼﻡ‪/‬‬ ‫]ﺃﻧﺖ[)‪ (٤‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ؛ ﺑﻌﻀﻪ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻪ ﻭﻃﺎﻟﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﻭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ‪/‬‬
‫ﺷﺒﻬﺖ)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﻳﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٧٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﰒ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﰒ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ]ﻳﻜﻮﻥ[ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺛﻨﺘﲔ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻭ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﻭﻃﺎﻟﻖ«‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪﻳ‪‬ﻦ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫‪ -١٥٧٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (١٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ‪» :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﰒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ)‪(١٢‬؛ ]ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﻛﻼﻡ[‪.‬‬
‫)‪(١٤‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﻃﺎﻟﻖ«‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻟﻖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ‬ ‫‪ -١٥٧٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ‪» :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ‬
‫ﺛﻨﺘﲔ)‪.(١) (١٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٧٤-٤٧٣/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤١٨‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٩٧/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻟﻔﻆ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٦٣‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٢٩‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺷﺒﻬﺖ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﻬﺖ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٩٧/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٧٩/٨‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻻ ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﺎﻅ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٥١٢‬‬

‫‪ -١٥٧٥‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ‪» )) :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﺑﻞ)‪ (٣‬ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﻭﻃﺎﻟﻖ«‪ ..‬ﻭﻗﻊ ﺛﻼﺙ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﹸﻛﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺙ ]ﺗﻄﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ[ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ ﰲ ﳎﻠﺲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺇﻻ‬
‫‪ -١٥٧٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗ‪‬ﻪ ﺛﻼ ﹶ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ«‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﲎ)‪ (٥‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺇﻻ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ« ﺃﻭ »ﺇﻻ ﺛﻨﺘﲔ«)‪ ..(٨‬ﻛﺎﻥ )ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ‪(٩‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٧٧‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ‬
‫‪‬ﺑ ﱠﻘﻰ)‪ (١٠‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٧٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﺛﻼﺛﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ«‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ]ﻟﻪ[ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٧٩‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻃﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻗﺮ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺜﲎ)‪ (١٣‬ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻗﺮ ﺑﻪ‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻗﺮ ]ﺑﻪ[‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﲎ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻪ‪ ..‬ﻧﻔﻌﻪ)‪ ،(١٤‬ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ]ﺇﱃ[ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪
À
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Ã
Â
Á‬ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮﺕ‪.[١٤ :‬‬

‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٨٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (١‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ«)‪ ..(٢‬ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﲎ ﺃﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺗﻜﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٧٩/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٧٩/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٧٦/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٢٠‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٠١/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻘﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٧٦/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٢٠‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٠٠/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٧٦/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٢٠‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٠٠/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﻣﻦ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٧٦/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٢٠‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٠٠/٣‬‬
 ‫‪٥١٣‬‬

‫‪ -١٥٨١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺛﻼﺙ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ«‪ ..‬ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﲎ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻻ ﳜﺮﺝ‪ ..‬ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ)‪.(٦) (٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺑﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺑﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺜﲎ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻹﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺜﲎ ﻹﺛﺒﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻄﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﻄﻮ ‪‬‬
‫)‪" (٤‬ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٠١/٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٩٥-٩٤/٨‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٩٢/٨‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻄﻒ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺜﲎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺜﲎ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻬﻞ ﳚﻤﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻡ ﻻ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺃﺻﺤﻬﻤﺎ ﻻ ﳚﻤﻊ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺪﺍﺩ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻗﻮ ﹲﻝ ﻻ ﻭﺟﻪ؛ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٩٥-٩٤/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺷﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﻦ ﺍﻭﻻﺕ ﲪﻞ‪....‬‬
‫‪ ٥١٤‬‬

‫)‪Y6 P‬א ‪k$‬وא‡‪ (١u‬‬

‫‪ -١٥٨٢‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ /‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ]‪ :[‬ﺍﻷﻗﺮﺍﺀ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻃﻬﺎﺭ)‪(٢‬؛ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻥ‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪$ :‬ﺭﺍﺟﻌﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﲢﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﻄﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪/‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺗﻄﻠﻖ)‪ (٤‬ﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪] ،(٥)#‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺪ ﱠﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ : ‬ﻓﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻄﻠﻖ ﳍﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ [#‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻡ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ‪$ :‬ﺗﺘﺮﻙ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺃﻗﺮﺍﺋﻬﺎ‪ ،#‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺻﺢ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻡ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺟﻞ ﺛﻨﺎﺅﻩ‪ GF  :‬‬
‫]ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،[١ :‬ﻭﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ :‬ﻓﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﻄﻠﻖ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪.#‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٨٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺀ ﰲ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺒﺲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﻮﻝ)‪ :(٦‬ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺓ ﺗﻘﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺷﺪﻗﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﻘﺮﻱ‬
‫ﰲ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﳛﺒﺲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ (٩) l

k :(٨)‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﲢﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺮ ﰒ ﺗﺮﺳﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺩﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺃﻭﱃ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ)‪ (١٢‬ﻭﻏﲑﻩ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﳊﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ )‪/٧٨‬ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٢٥٨/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٥٣٠‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩٣‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٥٢١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٤٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٢٩/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٦٤‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻄﻠﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺳﺒﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭﳍﺎ ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٣٦٨/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪.٢٢٨ :‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺀ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺮ‪ .‬ﺍ ُﻷﻡ )‪.(٥٣٠/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ )‪ (٥٤ :٥٧٧-٥٧٦/٢‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٣٠/٦‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪:٣١٩/٦‬‬
‫‪ (١١٠٠٤‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ (١٦١/٥‬ﻭﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ )‪ (١٢٢٥ :٢٩٣/١‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺤﺎﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﻌﺎﱐ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ )‪.(٦١/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ )‪ (٥٦ :٥٧٧/٢‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٣١/٦‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪:٣٢٠/٦‬‬
‫‪ (١١٠٠٦‬ﻭﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ )‪.(١٢٢٦ :٣٣٤-٣٣٣/١‬‬
 ‫‪٥١٥‬‬

‫ﻀﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻌﺘﺪ ﺑﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﳊﻴﻀﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫‪] -١٥٨٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ[ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺣﺎﺋ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٨٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٣‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻃﻼﻗﻬﺎ)‪ (٤‬ﳝﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﺣﺎﺋﺾ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪ :‬ﺑﻞ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﳍﺎ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻬﺎ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٨٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٨‬ﺭﺃﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ)‪ (٩‬ﺍﳊﻴﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﻴﻀﺘﲔ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‬
‫ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﻃﻬﺮ)‪ ..(١٠‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺣﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺭﺃﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ‪ (١١)/‬ﺍﳊﻴﻀﺘﲔ ﺑﺄﻗﻞ)‪ (١٢‬ﻣﻦ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻲ ﺑﻘﻴ ﹲﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻴﻀ ‪‬ﺔ)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻷﻭﱃ)‪ ،(١٤‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﻴﺾ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ)‪ (١٥‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺮﺓ)‪(١٦‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺮ‬
‫ﲬﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ)‪ ،(١٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﲢﺾ)‪ (١‬ﺇﻻ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ)‪(٢‬ﻭﺗﺼﺪﻕ)‪) (٣‬ﰲ ﺃﻗﻞ‪ (٤‬ﻣﺎ ﲢﻴﺾ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺣﻴﺾ‪ ..‬ﰲ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻛﺎﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ )‪ (٥٨ :٥٧٨/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٥٣١/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻳﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﱂ ﲢﺴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻄﻬﺮ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺣﺎﺿﺖ ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺀ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٢٥٨/٦‬ﻭ‪(٥٣٢‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٤٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٢٩/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻃﻼﻗﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪،(٥٣٢/٦‬ﻭ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺪﻋﻲ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﺪﻋﻲ ﺗﻘﺼﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﳍﺎ؛‬
‫ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺆﲤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(٣٢١/١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻃﻬﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٧٨‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰲ ﺃﻗﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻴﺾ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٣٣/٦‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٤٣٤/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٦٢/١‬ﻭ)‪ (٣٧٠/٨‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﻷﻃﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺨﻠﻠﺔ‪ ..‬ﻻ ﺗﻨﻘﻀﻲ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﲝﺎﻝ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﻛﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺘﻨﻘﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٤٥/١‬ﲟﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(١٤٧/٢‬‬
‫‪ ٥١٦‬‬

‫‪ -١٥٨٧‬ﻭﺃﻗﻞ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ‪ :‬ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﻟﻴﻠﺔ)‪.(٦‬‬

‫‪ -١٥٨٨‬ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮﻩ‪) :‬ﲬﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪.(٨) (٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ)‪ ..(١٠‬ﺻﺪﻗﺖ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٨٩‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺩﻋﺖ ﺣﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﻏﲑ ﺣﻴﻀﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫)‪(١٤‬‬ ‫‪(١٣) (١٢‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺎﺿﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻋﻠﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﲔ )ﲬﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ‪/‬‬
‫ﺑﻠﻐﲏ)‪.(١٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٩٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (١٦‬ﺣﺎﺿﺖ ﺣﻴﻀﺘﲔ ﰒ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‪/٨٠)/‬ﺏ( ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ)‪(١٧‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﻣﻬﺎ ﻳﻨﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﲪ ‪‬ﺮ)‪ (١٨‬ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻧ‪‬ﻴﺎ)‪ (١‬ﳏﺘﺪ ‪‬ﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺭﻗﻴ ﹰﻘﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺤﻴﻀﻬﺎ)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﺘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﻠﻴﻆ‪،‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲢﻴﺾ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺘﻤﻞ )ﻭﺗﺼﺪﻕ( ﻭ)ﻓﺘﺼﺪﻕ(‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﺼﺪﻕ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺼﺪﻕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻗﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٣٣/٦‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺑﻠﺤﻈﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻀﻲ ﻭﻟﻮ ﳊﻈﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳊﻴﻀﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪" :(٤٣٠‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﺮﺓ ﻭﻃﻠﻘﺖ ﰲ ﻃﻬﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﺄﻗﻞ ﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺛﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﻮﻥ ﻳﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﳊﻈﺘﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺾ‪ ..‬ﻓﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﻳﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﳊﻈﺔ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٦٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٤٧/٢‬ﻭ)‪ (٥٣٣/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٣٤/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲬﺲ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﲬﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٤٧/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٣٤/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﺣﻴﻀﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺮﻑ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٣٣/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٣٠‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٦٣/٧‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲬﺲ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲬﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٦٥‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻤﻨﺎﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻐﻨﺎﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٦‬‬
‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٧‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﲪﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٨‬‬
 ‫‪٥١٧‬‬

‫ﻭﻃﻬﺮﻫﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ؛ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺣﻴﻀﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻣﻀﻰ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺭﺃﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺣﻴﻀﻬﺎ)‪ (٤‬ﰲ ﺍﳊﻴﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺣﻠﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٩١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻗﺮﻭﺀ‪) ،‬ﻭﺗﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﻋﺪﺩ‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺎﱄ ﻭﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﲢﻴﻀﻬﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳍﺎ ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ًﺀ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٩٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ]ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ[‪ :‬ﺳﻨﺔ)‪.(٩) (٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٩٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﻴﻀ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ)‪ (١٠‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺮ ﹰﺓ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺮ ﹰﺓ ﲬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺮ ﹰﺓ ﺳﺒ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻴﻀﺖ‪ ..‬ﺃﻣﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺪﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺣﻴﻀﻬﺎ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻐﺘﺴﻞ )ﻭﺗﺼﻠﻲ ﻭﺗﺼﻮﻡ‪.(١٢) (١١‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٣٤/٦‬ﻗﺎﻧﺌﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺤﻴﻀﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻄﻬﺮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﻴﻀﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٣٤/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٦٩/٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٣٠/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٣٤/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٦٩/٨‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪" :(٤٤٥‬ﻭﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‪ :‬ﺑﺄﻗﺮﺍﺋﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺮﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ"‪،‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٣٠/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻗﺮﻭﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪.(٥٨٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳐﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ( ﻭﺍﻷﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺗﺼﻮﻡ ﻭﺗﺼﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﲝﺮﻭﻓﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٣٥/٦‬ﻭﺯﺍﺩ‪" :‬ﻭﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ ﻟﻮ ﺃﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﺻﻮﻡ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻼﺯﻡ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﲣﻠﻮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺑﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺣﻴﻀﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳊﻴﻀﺘﲔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﲔ ﺷﻲﺀ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺗﺖ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻃﻬﺮ ﻓﻼ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ ﰒ ﲢﺘﺎﻁ ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮ‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ ﻭﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺾ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ؛ ﻓﺈﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪،‬ﻛﺄﻥ ﲢﻴﺾ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﲬﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺳﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﻌﻮﺩ ﰲ‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٥١٨‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٩٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ]ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ[‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺣﻴﻀﻬﺎ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ ﻭﺃﺷﻜﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﻣﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺼﻮﻡ ﻭﺗﺼﻠﻲ ﻭﻳﻄﺆﻫﺎ)‪ (١‬ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ؛‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﻤﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ ﻭﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ ﺗﺮﺩ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﺎﺩ‪‬ﺎ ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ ﻻ ﻏﲑ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ ﺣﻴﻀﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻞ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ؟ ﺃﺻﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﲔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻻ‪.‬‬
‫ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﳌﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳌﺬﻫﺐ "ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﲢﺘﺎﻁ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺤﻴﺾ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺍﻷﻗﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﻬﺪ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻰ ﺣﻴﺾ ﺑﻴﻘﲔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺼﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺼﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﲤﺲ ﻣﺼﺤﻔﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﲡﺘﻨﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻁﺀ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﰱ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﻮﺿﺄ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻓﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﻛﺴﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺎﺿﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺣﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺃﺑﺪﺍ"‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪(٤٥٤/٢‬‬
‫ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﺎﺩ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺫﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﳌﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺻﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‪ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ ﰒ ﲢﺘﺎﻁ ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﳊﻴﻀﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺘﺮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻋﺎﺩﺍ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺘﺎﻁ ﻭﺟﻮﺑ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺑ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٣٤٠-٣٣٧/١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٤٥٥-٤٥٢/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٤٨-١٤٦/١‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬
‫)‪ (١٠٦-١٠٥/١‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٤٦٠-٤٥٩/١‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(٣٣٧/١‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﲣﻄﺌﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﰲ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﻷﻗﺮﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ ﻭﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ ﻋﺎﺩ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻈﻤﺖ‪ ..‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻧﺴﻴﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻨﺠﻌﻞ ﺣﻴﻀﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻋﺎﺩﺍ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺘﺎﻁ ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﺎﺩﺍ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﻧﻮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻨﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﲢﺘﺎﻁ ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻧﺴﻴﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﻴﻀﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻋﺎﺩﺍ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺘﺎﻁ ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮ‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﺎﺩﺍ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﻴﻀﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻛﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺗﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٥١٩‬‬

‫ﻷﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺯﻭﺟﺔ ﻓﻼ)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻣﻨﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻃﺌﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻚ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﲢﻞ)‪ (٤‬ﻟﻸﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ)‪ (٦) (٥‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺣﻴﻀﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻻ‬
‫ﺗﻄﻮﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﻀﻲ)‪ (٧‬ﻣﺎ ﺻﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺣﻴﻀﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻩ)‪.(٩)(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٩٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﹰﺓ ﻟﻴﺲ ﳍﺎ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺣﻴﺾ؛ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺃﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻓﻨﺴﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺗﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺎﺿﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻗﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﻟﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺪ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﻭﻗﺖ‬
‫ﺣﻴﻀﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ)‪ (١٠‬ﻫﻮ؛ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﱂ ﺗﻌﺮﻓﻪ)‪ ..(١١‬ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﻠﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﺾ‪ (١٢)/‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻫﻼﻝ ﻳﺄﰐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ )ﻭﻳﻄﺄ( ﰒ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻓﻮﻗﻬﺎ ﲞﻂ ﺻﻐﲑ )ﻫﺎ( ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﺮﺃ‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫)ﻭﺗﻄﺆ(‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻄﺄﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳛﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ ﻫﺎﻣﺶ )ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪) :‬ﻭﻻ ﲢﻞ ﻟﻸﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﺍﱁ(‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻩ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻃﻬﺎﺭ ]ﻫﻨﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﱂ ﺃﻗﺮﺃﻫﺎ[ ﻓﺎﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻴﻀﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻀﻲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﻟﻴﻠﺔ ‪‬ﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﰲ ﺣﻞ ﻋﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﱪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﻻ ﲢﻞ ﻟﻸﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ؟‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺍﺑﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ]ﺍ[ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻘﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ ﻻ ﲢﻞ ﳌﻦ ﺗﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺗﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﺼﺤﺎﺑﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺮﱘ ﲞﻼﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻴﻀﺖ ﻭﻫﻲ ﰲ ﻋﺼﻤﺘﻪ ﻷﺟﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻠﻪ ﺍ‪.‬ﻫـ‪ .‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﻭﺀﺓ‪:‬‬

‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻘﻀﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻧﺴﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﳊﻴﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﺒﻘﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺎﺿﺘﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺻﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﲔ‪ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺘﺎﻁ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻷﻗﺪﺍﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ )( ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ ...‬ﰒ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺷﻬﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺮﻑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٦٦‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٥٢٠‬‬

‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٩٦‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﹸﻃﱢﻠﻘﹶﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺤﻴﻀﺖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ)‪ (٢‬ﲢﻴﺾ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﻭﺗﻄﻬﺮ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻣﲔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪ /‬ﺃﺷﻬﺮ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٩٧‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ]ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ[‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺃﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ ﻓﺤﺎﺿﺖ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‪..‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺴﻜﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺇﱃ )ﲬﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ‪ (٥‬ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻧﻘﻄﻊ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ)‪ (٦‬ﺣﻴﻀﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺯﺍﺩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ)‪ ،(٨‬ﺗﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﻭﺗﻌﻴﺪ ﺻﻼﺓ )ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ (٩‬ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﻮﺿﺄ)‪ (١٠‬ﻟﻜﻞ ﺻﻼﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺪﺃﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﺄﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﲢﻴﺾ ﻳﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻟﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻃﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺗﺘﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٤٤-١٤٣/١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٨٨‬‬
‫ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺪﺃﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﲑﺓ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪.(١٤٣/٨‬‬
‫ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺎﺩﺓ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﺎﺩ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻟﺰﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﺴﻴﺖ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺣﻴﻀﺘﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻲ ﺣﺎﺋﺾ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺑﻴﻘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﳋﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﳛﺘﻤﻞ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻬﺮ ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺘﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺣﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻛﺎﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﻃﻬﺮ ﺑﻴﻘﲔ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ (١٦٠/١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٨٨‬‬
‫ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﺴﻴﺖ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺣﻴﻀﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺆﻣﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺎﳌﺒﺘﺪﺃﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (١٨٦-١٨٣/١١‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ‬
‫)‪ (٤٥٨/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٤٥٩/٢‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٥٤-١٥٣/١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٨٨‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٣٥/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(٢٩٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺃﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺴﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺣﻴﻀﻬﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻳﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻟﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﻠﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻫﻼﻝ ﻳﺄﰐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻫﻞ ﻫﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٣٥/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٧٠/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﲬﺲ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﻴﻀﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٨٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٤٤-١٤٣/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺗﻮﺿﺄ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٥٢١‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﺎﺿﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﲤﺴﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ)‪ (١‬ﻭﻟﻴﻠ ﹰﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﰒ ﺗﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺻﻼﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﲔ )ﲬﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‪ (٣‬ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ)‪ ،(٤‬ﰒ ﺗﺘﻮﺿﺄ)‪ (٥‬ﻟﻜﻞ ﺻﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ)‪ (٦‬ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٥٩٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﳍﺎ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻓﻨﺴﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺤﻴﻀﺖ ﻭﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ‪ ..‬ﺃﻣﺴﻜﺖ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﻠ ﹰﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ)‪ ،(٩‬ﰒ ﺍﻏﺘﺴﻠﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﲔ ﲬﺴﺔ)‪ (١٠‬ﻋﺸﺮ)‪ (١١‬ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﻮﺿﺄﺕ)‪ (١٢‬ﻟﻜﻞ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺇﱃ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺣﻴﻀﺘﻬﺎ)‪ ،(١٣‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ..‬ﺍﻏﺘﺴﻠﺖ ]ﰒ[ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ)‪ (١٦‬ﻭﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ)‪ (١٧‬ﻭﺑﲔ )ﲬﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ (١٨‬ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻀﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻮﺿﺄﺕ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺻﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺴﺘﻴﻘﻦ )‪ (١٩‬ﺃﻳﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺣﻴ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٤٥-١٤٤/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲬﺲ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﲔ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩﻫ‪‬ﺎ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﱂ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ‪ -‬ﻭﺑﲔ ﲤﺎﻡ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻳﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ؛ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﺍ ﹶﳌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺇﱃ ﲤﺎﻡ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٤٥/١‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﻮﺿﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺬﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(١٤٧/٢‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻮﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﲬﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﺘﻮﺿﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﻴﻀﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺀﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٥‬‬
‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٧‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲬﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲬﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﰲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٥٢٢‬‬

‫‪ -١٥٩٩‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ؛ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺃﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﺴﻴﺖ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻬﺎ‪) ..‬ﲬﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪(٢‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻁﺀ‪ ..‬ﺃﻗﻞ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ‪ :‬ﻳﻮﻡ)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻟﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﻀﻲ)‪ (٤‬ﻣﺎ ﺻﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻩ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٠٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺷﻜﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﺍﻏﺘﺴﻠﺖ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺻﻼﺓ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﺻﺎﻣﺖ ﺳﺘﲔ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ)‪،(٧‬‬
‫]ﻭﻻ ﺗﻨﻘﻀﻲ‪ (٨) /‬ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻧﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﺳﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻼﰐ ﻳﺌﺴﻦ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﶈﻴﺾ[)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻑ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ )ﻟﻄﻮﺍﻑ ﺍﳊﺞ‪(١٠‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻘﲔ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻃﺎﻓﺖ ﻃﺎﻫ ‪‬ﺮﺍ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٠١‬ﻭ]ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺎﺿﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ)‪ ،(١٣)/(١٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (١٤‬ﺗﺒﺎﻋﺪﺕ)‪.(١٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٠٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊ ﺣﻴﻀﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﻴﻀﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻴﻀﺘﲔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﺗﱪﺃ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﳊﻴﺾ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻴﺄﺱ)‪ (١‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﻳﺴﺖ)‪ ..(١‬ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺪﺕ ﺑﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻌﺘﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻬﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻓﺄﺩﺭﻛﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ‪ ..‬ﺃﺳﻘﻄﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻀﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺄﻧﻔﺖ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﻟﺰﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭ‪ :‬ﻑ )‪.(١٤٤٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲬﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲬﺲ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻘﻀﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ .(١٤٥-١٤٣/١‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺪﺃﺓ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻭﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٥٣/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ١٥٤/١‬ﻭ‪.(١٥٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٧٨‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(١٥٩/١‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻫﲑ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺷﺎﺫ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﻌﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﺄﺱ ﰒ ﺗﻌﺘﺪ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻬﺮ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﻄﻮﺍﻑ ﻟﻠﺤﺞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺎﺿﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﲑﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﳊﻴﺾ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٦٧‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٣٦/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٤٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٢٨/٧‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﻴﺄﺱ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
 ‫‪٥٢٣‬‬

‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻗﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫‪ -١٦٠٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ‬
‫ﺗﺒﺎﻋﺪﺕ‪/٨١)/(٤)#‬ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٠٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻌﺖ ﺣﻴﻀﺘﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﺳﻨﺔ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻤﺮ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪] -١٦٠٥‬ﻭ[ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻌﺖ ﺣﻴﻀﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻤﻀﻰ ﳍﺎ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﺳﻨﲔ ﱂ ﲢﺾ)‪ ..(٧‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺆﻳﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺪﺕ ﺑﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٠٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺳﺄﻝ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪» :‬ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﻋﺪﰐ« ﹶﻓ ﹶﻜ ﱠﺬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪» :‬ﻗﺪ)‪ (٩‬ﻛﺬﺑﺘﻚ«‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻮ ﺍﺩﻋﺖ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﰒ ﻗﻴﻞ‬
‫ﳍﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﺣﻠﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺑﺖ ﻭﻧﻜﻠﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﻠﻒ)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ)‪ ..(١١‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٠٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻋﺠﺐ)‪ (١٣‬ﻣﻦ ﲰﻌﺖ ﳑﻦ ﺣﺎﺽ ﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﳛﻀﻦ ﺑﺘﻬﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺴﻊ ﺳﻨﲔ)‪.(١٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻳﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺁﻳﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٣٧-٥٣٦/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٤٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٣٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺾ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ (١١٠٩٨ :٣٣٩/٦‬ﺑﺎﳌﻌﲎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٥٣٩/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪.(٥٨٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ )‪ (٧٠ :٥٨٢/٢‬ﻋﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﻋﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺴﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺜﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‪ :‬ﺃﳝﺎ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻃﻠﻘﺖ ﻓﺤﺎﺿﺖ ﺣﻴﻀﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻴﻀﺘﲔ ﰒ ﺭﻓﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺣﻴﻀﺘﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻨﺘﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺑﺎﻥ ‪‬ﺎ ﲪﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﺍﻋﺘﺪﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺮ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺍﺷﻬﺮ ﰒ ﺣﻠﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٥٣٩/٦‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ (١١٠٩٥ :٣٣٩/٦‬ﻭﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ )‪.(١٣٠٠ :٣٤٨/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲢﻴﺾ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٣٦/٦‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺴﺒﻪ ﻷﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺣﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٤٢/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٢٨/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻋﺠﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻋﺠﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٤٤/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩٥‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪.(٥٢٣‬‬
‫‪ ٥٢٤‬‬

‫‪ -١٦٠٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﳊﺮ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻣ ﹶﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺮ ﹶﺓ‪ :‬ﺛﻼﺛﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ)‪ (٢‬ﲢﺖ ﺍﳊﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﻀﺘﺎﻥ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﲢﺘﻪ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﳊﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﻄﻠﻴﻘﺘﺎﻥ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳊﺮﺓ ﲢﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪ :‬ﺛﻼﺙ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺾ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٠٩‬ﻭﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺮﺓ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﻼ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‬
‫‪ -١٦١٠‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ)‪ (٩‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﳜﺮﺟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﱰﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺯﻭﺟﺔ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻬﺎ)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﱰﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﳍﺎ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ‪.(١١)/‬‬
‫‪ -١٦١١‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﺎﻓﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (١٢‬ﺳﺎﻓﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺄﺗﻮﺍ)‪ (١٤) (١٣‬ﻣﻮﺿ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﺳﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻓﺘﺄﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺟﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺧﺪﻣﺘﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺳﻜﲎ ﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٦١٢‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﺣﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺒﻴ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٦١٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﰒ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻄﺄﻫﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﻃﻼﹰﻗﺎ ﺑﺎﺋ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪ ..‬ﺍﻋﺘﺪﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ)‪.(١٥‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﻴﻀﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲢﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﻄﻠﻴﻘﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٣٣/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ٤١٧‬ﻭ‪ (٤٤٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ٢٩٤/٣‬ﻭ‪ ٣٨٤‬ﻭ‪.(٣٨٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺇﻻ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻟﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٥١/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٤٤٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٠٤-٦٠٣/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٩١/٨‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(٣٨٨/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٠٤-٦٠٣/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٦٩/٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺟﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٦٨‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٣‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺄﻧﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٣١٤/١١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٩٦/٨‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٤٤٨‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٩٤/٣‬‬
 ‫‪٥٢٥‬‬

‫‪ -١٦١٤‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ ‪‬ﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ)‪.(١‬‬

‫‪ -١٦١٥‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻃﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻷﻣ ﹶﺔ ﻃﻼﹰﻗﺎ ﻻ ﳝﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﳝﻠﻜﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‪..‬‬
‫]ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ[ ﺗﻌﺘﺪ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺣﺮﺓ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٦١٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﻬﺎ‪ ../‬ﻓﺤﻴﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳛﻞ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺃﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺮ‪ ..‬ﺣﻠﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻐﺘﺴﻞ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪] -١٦١٧‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﳛﻞ ﳍﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﺕ ﺍﳊﻴﻀﺔ)‪.[(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٦١٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻧﻜﺢ)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻡ ﻭ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﰒ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ‪ (٦)/‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﱪﺍﺀ)‪ (٧‬ﲟﻮﺕ ﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٦١٩‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻯ ﺃﻳﻬﻤﺎ ]ﻣﺎﺕ[ ﺃﻭﻝ)‪ ..(٩‬ﺍﻋﺘﺪﺕ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﻋﺸ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‬
‫ﺗﺄﰐ)‪ (١‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﲝﻴﻀﺔ)‪(٣)(٢‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻗﺒﻞ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﺮﺓ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﻋﺘﺪﺕ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳊﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﻗﺒﻞ‪) ،‬ﻭﻣﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ..(٤‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺗﺖ ﺑﺎﳊﻴﻀﺔ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(٦١٥/٦‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ" ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﺢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٣٠٢‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﺗﺴﺘﺄﻧﻒ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺟﺢ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﺍﱄ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ :(٥٣٠‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺒﲏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٥٤-٥٥٣/٦‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩٧‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻐﲑ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻜﻤﻞ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳊﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﻇﻬﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺋﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻜﻤﻞ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﺪﺓ ﺣﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺗﺘﻢ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺣﺮﺓ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﹰﺎ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،-‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺗﺘﻢ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﻣﺔ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﺍ‪.‬ﻫـ ﻣﻠﺨﺼ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٣٦٨/٨‬ﻣﻐﲏ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ،(٣٨٦/٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪" :(٥٢٣‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺎﺋﻨﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ :‬ﺗﻜﻤﻞ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻻﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٥٤/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ٤٥٢‬ﻭ‪ (٤٥٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ١٦٧-١٦٦/٧‬ﻭ‪.(١٦٨‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻭﺣﻜﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٦٨/٧‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻧﻜﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٧٩‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺪﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٥٥/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٥٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٦٧/٧‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٩‬‬
‫‪ ٥٢٦‬‬

‫‪ -١٦٢٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ ]ﺑﻮﻟﺪ[ ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﲡﻲﺀ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ)‪ (٦‬ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﺎﺕ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻻﺣﻖ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﻬﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺪﻋﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﱪﺃﻫﺎ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﱪﺃ)‪ ..(٨‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻷﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﱪﺍﺀ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٢١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (١١‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﰒ ﻛﺎﺗﺒﻪ ﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﻓﺎﺷﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ)‪ (١٢‬ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﳚﻮﺯ ﺷﺮﺍﺅﻩ ﻟﻐﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻓﺎﺳﺪ ﻭﺗﻌﺘﺪ ﺣﻴﻀﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ)‪ (١٣‬ﲢﻴﺾ‪ ..(١٤)/‬ﻓﺸﻬﺮ ﻭﻧﺼﻒ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﺄﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﳌﻠﻚ)‪.(١٥‬‬
‫)‪(١٧‬‬ ‫‪(١٦‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻀﻲ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﺄﻫﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﲢﺮﻡ‬ ‫‪) -١٦٢٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻋﺘﻖ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑﻩ ﰲ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ)‪.(١٨‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺄﰐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﺗﻠﺰﻣﻬﺎ ﺣﻴﻀﺔ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﲢﺾ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ –ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﳑﻦ ﲢﻴﺾ‪ -‬ﺇﻥ ﲣﻠﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻮﺗﲔ ﺷﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﲬﺴﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ –ﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‪ -‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺟﻬﻞ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﻼ ﺍﺳﺘﱪﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺍ‪.‬ﻫـ ﻣﻠﺨﺼ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٦٧/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٥٥/٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٦٨-١٦٧/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻠﺪ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﱪﺃﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺩﻋﻰ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺩﻋﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٥٥/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٧١-١٧٠/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ( ﻭﺍﻷُﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٦٩‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٥٦/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٦٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ( ﻭﺍﻷُﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳛﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﲢﺮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٥٦/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٦٧/٧‬‬
 ‫‪٥٢٧‬‬

‫‪ -١٦٢٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺑﻮﻟﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﻷﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻧﻜﺤﻬﺎ‪..‬‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﻠﺤﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻷﻛﺜﺮ‪ ..‬ﳊﻘﻪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﻜﺤﻬﺎ ﻏﺎﺋ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﺳﺮﻉ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻠﺤﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻞ‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻠﺤﻖ ]ﺑﻪ[‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﺴﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻓﺼﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺗﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻷﻗﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٢٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٥‬ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﱯ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﳚﺎﻣﻊ ﻭﻻ ﻳﱰﻝ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﺩﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﻋﺸ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪/٨٢)/‬ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺑﻮﻟﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻠﺤﻖ ]ﺑﻪ[ ﻭﱂ ﻳﱪﺋﻬﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ؛‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ]ﻟﻪ[ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﻋﺸ ‪‬ﺮﺍ)‪ (٧‬ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻣﺎﺕ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹶﺓ ﻧﻜﺎ ‪‬ﺣﺎ ﻓﺎﺳ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻓﺄﺻﺎ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (١٠‬ﻓﺤﻤﻠﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﰒ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫‪ -١٦٢٥‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٩‬ﺗﺰﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﳍﺎ )ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺳﻜﲎ‪ (١١‬ﻭﳊﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ]ﺑﻪ[ ﻭﻻ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ)‪(١٢‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﱪﺍﺀ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺣﻴﺾ ﻻ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺰﻭﺟﺔ)‪.(١٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﻴﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﺘﻌﻦ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٥٤٧/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٥٥٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ٤٤١‬ﻭ‪ (٤٤٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ١١٢/٧‬ﻭ‪-١٢١‬‬
‫‪.(١٢٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻷﻭﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ٤٤١‬ﻭ‪ (٤٤٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ١١٢/٧‬ﻭ‪.(١٢٢-١٢١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻋﺸﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٥٧/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٤٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٤٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺻﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺳﻜﲎ ﻭﻻ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺗﻜﺮﺭ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻟﻔﻆ‪) :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٦١/٦‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٣٠٨/١١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٤٠٩/٨‬ﻭ)‪.(٦٧/٩‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻓﻼ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻣﻞ ﰲ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﻓﺎﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ ﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻧﺺ‬
‫ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٥٢٨‬‬

‫‪ -١٦٢٦‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻃﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﺎﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻨﻜﺢ)‪ (٢‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺑﻮﻟﺪ ﻷﺭﺑﻊ ﺳﻨﲔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺃﻗﻞ‪ ..‬ﳊﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﻟﺘﻔﺖ)‪ (٣‬ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﳍﺎ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ]ﺑﻪ[ ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﺳﻨﲔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٢٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﻭﺍﺩﻋﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﻗﺪ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺣﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﻢ)‪ (٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻠﻔﻮﺍ‪ ..‬ﺣﻠﻒ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﻭﻻ ﳛﻠﻒ ﻏﲑﻩ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻟﻪ ﻻ ﻟﻐﲑﻩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻍ ﻓﻴﻠﺤﻖ)‪ (٧‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺐ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٢٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻃﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﺰﻭﺟﺖ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺑﻮﻟﺪ ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻗﻞ)‪ (١٠)/(٩‬ﻣﻦ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ]ﻟﻶﺧﺮ[‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻠﺤﻖ ‪‬ﻤﺎ)‪.(١٢) (١١‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٢٩‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ‪» :‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ«؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ ﰲ ﺑﻄﻦ‪..‬‬
‫ﻃﻠﻘﺖ ﺑﺎﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﺍﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ)‪ ..(١٣‬ﻃﻠﻘﺖ ﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺍﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻭﺿﻌﺖ)‪ (١٤‬ﺃﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪ ..(١٥‬ﻃﻠﻘﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ ﻭﺍﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻜﺢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻠﺘﻔﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٦٢-٥٦١/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٤٢/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٦٢/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٧٩/٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(٤٥٤-٤٥٣/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻠﺤﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٧٩/٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(٤٥٤-٤٥٣/٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻷﻗﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٧٠‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٦٣/٦‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ١٢١/٢‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﺪﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٥٢٩‬‬

‫‪] -١٦٣٠‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ‪» :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ« ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺕ ﻭﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﲔ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ..‬ﻭﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺑﺎﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻠﺖ ﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺮﺟﻌﻪ‪(٢)/‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻻ‬
‫ﳝﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ)‪ (٣‬ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﲡﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻟﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺣﱴ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﺎ ﲢﻴﺾ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ[ )‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪] -١٦٣١‬ﻭ[ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ]ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ[ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ)‪ (٥‬ﺇﻻ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﺴﻜﲎ)‪ (٧‬ﰲ ﻣﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﺱ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﻳﻦ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻩ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﺗﺒﻊ)‪ (٨‬ﻭﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﲎ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻜﺮﺍﺀ)‪ (١٠)(٩‬ﻓﻠﻢ)‪ (١١‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻘﺮ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ‪ ..‬ﻓﻸﻭﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ ﺃﻥ ﳚﻌﻠﻮﻫﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﺣ‪‬ﺒﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻀﺮﺏ‬
‫ﺳﻜﻨﺎﻫﺎ)‪ (١٢‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ)‪.(١٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٦٣/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٤٢/٨‬ﻭﻋﻠﻠﻪ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﰲ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﻘﺘﲔ ﻭﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻧﻔﺼﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻫﻮ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﻭﺑﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻟﻮﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﳌﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻖ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺼﺎﻝ ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻣﻮﰐ ﱂ ﻳﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٧٩‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٦٣/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻻﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ‪ :‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﻭﻟﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ‪ "..‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٢٥٥/١٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٤٢-١٤١/٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٨/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٥٦٦/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٥٦٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٤٠٨/٨‬ﻭ)‪.(٦٨/٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﺒﺎﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻜﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﺀ‪ :‬ﺃﺟﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﺍﶈﻴﻂ ﳑﺰﻭﺟ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺸﺮﺣﻪ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٣٩٢/٣٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﱂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﺴﻜﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧٧-٥٧٦/٦‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩٩‬ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻗﻮﻟﲔ؛‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﳍﺎ ﺳﻜﲎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺛﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻜﻨﻮﻫﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٢٤-٤٢٣/٨‬‬
‫‪ ٥٣٠‬‬

‫‪ -١٦٣٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺣﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻊ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺮ)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻋﺸﺮﺍ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫‪ -١٦٣٣‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ ﺍﻹﺣﺪﺍﺩ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٣٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ]ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ[‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﲨﻴ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‪] /‬ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺩ[ ﻭﻻ ﲢﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٣٥‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻋﺘﺪﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹸﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻓﺎ ‪‬ﺓ ﺯﻭﺟﹺﻬﺎ ﺃﺭﺑﻌ ﹶﺔ ﺃﺷﻬ ﹴﺮ ﻭﻋﺸ ‪‬ﺮﺍ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻌﺖ ﺣﻴﻀﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺭﺗﺎﺑﺖ‪ ..‬ﺣﺒﺴﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺴﺘﻴﻘﻦ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﺮﺗﺎﺏ)‪] (٧‬ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻔﻌﺖ[‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٣٦‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ]ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ[‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﳑﻦ ﲢﻴﺾ ﰒ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻌﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﺬﻩ ﺭﻳﺒﺔ ﻻ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻜﺢ)‪ (٩‬ﺣﱴ ﺗﺴﺘﱪﺉ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٣٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺮﻳﺾ ﻃﻼﹰﻗﺎ ﻻ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ ﰒ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﺴﻮﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻣﲑﺍﺙ ]ﳍﺎ[ ﻭﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻘﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﻌﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٨٨/٦‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٢٨٣/١١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٠٥/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﺐ ﺑﻞ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٥٨٣/٦‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‬
‫)‪ (٢٧٥/١١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٤٠٥/٨‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺘﺒﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺇﳚﺎﺏ ﺍﻹﺣﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﻮﺗﺔ ﻗﺪﱘ ﻭﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪ (١٢/٢‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺩ؛ ﻣﺒﺘﻮﺗ ﹰﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻭ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﻣﺒﺘﻮﺗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ )‪ (١٦/٢‬ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻣ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻹﺣﺪﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺗﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﲪﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪ ،‬ﻛﺄﻥ ﲡﺪ ﺛﻘ ﹰ‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﺑﻄﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺮﺗﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧١/٦‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٥٢٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٣٧٧/٨‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﲤﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﳍﺎ‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﺰﻭﺝ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺰﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻭﻟﻮ ﲤﺖ ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﺰﻭﺟﺖ ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﲤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‪..‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ..‬ﺗﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﺑﻄﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺼﱪ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﱂ ﳛﻜﻢ ﺑﺒﻄﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻮ ﲢﻘﻘﻨﺎ ﻛﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﺯﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺒﺔ‪ .‬ﺍ‪ .‬ﻫـ ﺑﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻜﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٩‬‬
 ‫‪٥٣١‬‬

‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺛﹶﻬﺎ)‪ ..(٣‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ : ‬ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﳑﺎ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﷲ ‪] ‬ﺑﻪ[ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻣﺮﺗﻜﻢ ]ﺑﻪ[)ﺯ(‪ (٤)#‬ﻭﳑﺎ)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺃﻻ)‪ (٦‬ﺗﺮﺙ ﺇﻻ ﺯﻭﺟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٣٨‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺘﻌﺘﺪ ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺓ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ]ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ[‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﺗﻨﻘﻀﻲ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻮﺍﺭﺛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﻟﻪ ﺭﺟﻌﺔ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻨﻘﻀﻲ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ)‪(٨‬ﺣﱴ ﻣﺎﺕ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٣٩‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺭﺗﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪ (١٠)/‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻓﺄﻗﺮﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺑﺈﺳﻼﻣﻪ ﻭﺑﺎﻧﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺭﺟﻮﻋﻪ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﰒ ﻣﺎﺕ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﳍﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﻭﻻ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺩ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٤٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﻃﻠﻖ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﳘﺎ ﻃﻼﹰﻗﺎ ﻻ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺍﻋﺘﺪﺗﺎ)‪ (١‬ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﻋﺸ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ]ﺣﱴ[ ﺗﺄﺗﻴﺎﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﺑﺜﻼﺙ ﺣﻴﺾ ﺇﻥ ﺣﻀﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻻ ﺃﲤﻤﻦ ﺛﻼﺙ‬
‫ﻑ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺾ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺍﳌﲑﺍ ﹸ‬
‫ﺙ ﻣﻮﻗﻮ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٨٣/٨‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﻋﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺎﺭﺓ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٤٤-٦٤٣/٦‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﺮﺙ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﻮﺗﺔ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٧٢/٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٥٤/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ (٤٠ :٥٧١/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٥٧٢/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٦٤٣‬ﻭ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪٦٢/٧‬‬
‫‪ (١٢١٩٢:‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ (٢١٧/٥‬ﻭﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ )‪ ١٩٥٨: ٤٢/٢‬ﻭ‪.(١٩٥٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ (٤٠ :٥٧١/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٥٥/٦‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪:٦٢-٦١/٧‬‬
‫‪ (١٢١٩١‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪.(٢١٧/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ )‪.(١٥٣٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻳﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ ،.‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻻ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺘﻤﻞ ﺍﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٤٤/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ٧٢/٨‬ﻭ‪.(٣٩٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٧٠‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ١٢٨/٦‬ﻭ‪.(٥٧٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٥٧٤/٦‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﻗﺮﺕ ﺑﺎﻧﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻳﺘﻮﺏ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﳍﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺪﺍﺩ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٥٣٢‬‬

‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫‪] -١٦٤١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ‪ ..‬ﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻠﻘﻬﺎ ‪-‬ﻻ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺭﺓ‪ -‬ﰒ ﻳﻄﻠﻘﻬﺎ)‪ (٥‬ﻓﺘﻌﺘﺪ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺪﻥ ﻻ ﺑﺎﳌﺘﺎﻉ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٤٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺧﺮﺝ ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﺿﻴﺎﻋﻪ)‪ (٧‬ﺯﺍﺋ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺭﺟﻌﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﱰﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﺎﻋﺘﺪﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٤٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺳﺎﻓﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺞ ﺃﻭﻋﻤﺮﺓ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﳍﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺬﻫﺐ ﰲ ﺳﻔﺮﻫﺎ ﺫﺍﻫﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺭﺍﺟﻌﺔ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ‪/٨٣)/‬ﺏ( ﺣﱴ ﻳﻨﻘﻀﻲ)‪ (١٠‬ﺳﻔﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻘﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺫﻥ ﳍﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺫﻥ ﳍﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ)‪ (١١‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻠﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺟﻌﺖ‪ ..‬ﺭﺟﻌﺖ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻤﺖ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﻲ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٤٤‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻠﺒﺲ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﺍﺩ ﺛﻮ‪‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺒﻮ ﹰﻏﺎ ﺑ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭﺱ ﺃﻭ ﺯﻋﻔﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳍﺎ ﺯﻳﻨﺔ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺴﺠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻔﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻋﻔﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻪ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻎ‬
‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳋﻀﺮﺓ ‪-‬ﻻ ﺍﳋﻀﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳑﺎ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ]ﺑﻪ[‬ ‫ﺯﻳﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﺜﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ‪/‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻋﺘﺪﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺗﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧٤/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٤٠٠/٨‬ﻭﲢﺴﺐ ﺍﻷﻗﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﺖ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺇﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﻄﻠﻘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧٧/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٠٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤١٠/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺿﻴﺎﻋﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧٩/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٠٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤١١/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﻨﻘﻀﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٦٧٨-٥٧٧/٦‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺪﺙ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻜﻦ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﲣﺮﺝ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺴﻔﺮ ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻔﺎﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻠﺰﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤١١/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٨٠‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٥٣٣‬‬

‫ﺏ‪ ،‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﺮﺍﺩ ﻟﻠﺘﻘﺒﻴﺢ)‪ (١‬ﺃﻭ ﻟﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺦ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﻠﺒﺴﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺛﻮﺏ ﻣﺼﺒﻮﻍ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻑ ﻭﺍﳋﺰ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻠﺒﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻮﺷﻲ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻪ)‪ (٣‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﻨﺴﺞ ﻣﺼﺒﻮ ﹰﻏﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪ (٤)/‬ﺻﺒﻐﻪ ﺗﻠﻤﻴ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﻭﺯﻳﻨﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﻠﺒﺴﻪ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﺗﻠﺒﺲ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﺜﻴﺎﺏ)‪ (٧‬ﻛﻠﻬﺎ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﱪ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺠﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺤﻞ ﺯﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻏﲑﻩ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻀﻄﺮ‬ ‫‪ -١٦٤٥‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻜﺘﺤﻞ‬
‫ﻭﲤﺴﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺴﺪ ﺑﺪﻫﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻃﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﲤﺘﺸﻂ ﺑﻄﻴﺐ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻳﺖ‬ ‫‪ -١٦٤٦‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﲑﻕ)‪ (١٥‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻪ)‪.(١٦‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٤٧‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻠﺒﺲ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎ ﹰﲤﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻏﲑﻩ)‪.(١٧‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪ .‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ :(٥٨٨/٦‬ﻟﻠﺘﻘﺒﻴﺢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻠﺒﺴﻪ ﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺸﺒﻬﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٧٢‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻠﺒﺴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻠﺒﺲ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٨٨/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٠٧-٤٠٦/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﺘﺤﻞ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻀﻄﺮ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﺠﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻞ ﺍﻷﺻﻔﺮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٠٧/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٨٧-٥٨٦/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٠٧/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﲑﻑ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﲑﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﲑﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﱪﻕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٨٦٦/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٠٧/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٠٦/٨‬‬
‫‪ ٥٣٤‬‬

‫‪ -١٦٤٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹶﺓ ﰲ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻣﻬﺮﻫﺎ)‪،(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺄﰐ)‪ (٢‬ﺑﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﻌﺘﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﻨﻜﺤﻬﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺑﺪﺍ ﻟﻪ)‪ (٣‬ﺑﻌﺪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٤٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﻋﺎﳌﲔ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﺟﺎﻫﻠﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﲟﺎ ﺣﺎﺿﺖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -١٦٥٠‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﺘﺪ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﲢﺘﺴﺐ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻌﺘﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٥١‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٨‬ﺗﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺼﺒﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﲤﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺷﻲﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻔﺴﺦ ﻧﻜﺎﺣﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﺘﺪﺋﺎﻥ ﻧﻜﺎ ‪‬ﺣﺎ ﺟﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٥٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺑﻮﻟﺪ ﻷﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺗﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ)‪ (١٠‬ﻟﻸﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺴﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻓﺼﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ..‬ﻋﺮﺽ)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻓﺔ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (١٢‬ﱂ ﻳﻠﺤﻘﺎﻩ)‪ (١‬ﺑﻮﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻗﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺃﳊﻘﺎﻩ)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﺗ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﱪ ﻓﻴﻮﺍﱄ‪ (٣)/‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﻬ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺷﺎﺀ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﳊﻘﻮﻩ ﺑﺄﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ ..‬ﳊﻖ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺐ ﳍﺎ ﺍﳌﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺟﺎﻫﻠ ﹰﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٩٠/٦‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﳍﺎ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ ﲟﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮﺟﻬﺎ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪.(٨٨/١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺄﰐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﺃﻭ ﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ٣٨١/٨‬ﻭ‪ (٣٨٥‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٨٨/١١‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﻋﺎﳌﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺓ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑﻐﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﺎﳌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺟﺎﻫﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ ..‬ﻋﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺩﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻭﻃﺌﻬﺎ ﻓﺎﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻭﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﺪ‪ .‬ﺍ‪.‬ﻫـ ﻣﻠﺨﺼ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪.(٨٨/١١‬‬
‫"ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻳﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻭﺩﻋﻮﻯ ﺍﳉﻬﻞ ﺑﺘﺤﺮﱘ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺪﺓ‪ ..‬ﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺑﺎﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻋﻮﻯ ﺍﳉﻬﻞ ﺑﻜﻮ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺘﺪﺓ‪ ..‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺍﺣﺪ" ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٨١/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳛﺘﺴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ٣٨١/٨‬ﻭ‪ (٣٨٦‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(٣٩٥/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٩١/٦‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (١٠١/١١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٨١/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺭﻳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٥٣٥‬‬

‫ﺏ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺙ ﺍﻷ ﹺ‬ ‫‪ -١٦٥٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻟﻘﺘﻪ ﻣﻴ‪‬ﺘﺎ ﻟﺴﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻓﺼﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﲜﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺃﺣﺪ‪ ..‬ﻭ‪‬ﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻣﲑﺍ ﹸ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﺃﻧﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪ ..‬ﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﲪﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﺎﺩﻋﺖ‬ ‫‪ -١٦٥٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻃﻠﻖ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ‬
‫‪‬ﺎ)‪ (١٠‬ﲪﻞ‪ ..‬ﺃﻧﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺫﻫﺐ ﲪﻠﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺭﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ]ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ[ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﻓﻄﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﺳﺎﻓﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٥٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﻣ ﹸﺔ ﲢ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٥٦‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺔ‪ ..‬ﻛﻠﻬﻦ)‪ (١٢‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﲎ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺪﺍﺩ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٥٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺰﻭﺟﺖ‪ (١٤)/‬ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﳌﻔﻘﻮﺩ ﻓﺤﺒﻠﺖ)‪ (١٥‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﰒ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﻓﻘﺪﻡ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪..‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﻉ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﱢﻠﺒ‪‬ﺄ)‪ (١‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻐﺘﺬﻱ)‪ (٢‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﳝﻨﻌﻬﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻯ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺭﺿﺎﻉ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻏﲑﻩ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻠﺤﻘﻮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﳊﻘﻮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ .." :(٥٩٣/٦‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٩٢/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ٣٨١/٨‬ﻭ‪.(٣٨٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٩٦/١١‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﺪ ﲤﻠﻚ ﻣﺎ ﹰﻻ ﺑﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﺄﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ ..‬ﻭﻗﻒ ﻧﺼﻴﺒﻬﻤﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﺗﻮﺭﺙ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺩﻋﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٠٥-٦٠٤/٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ" ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﳌﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﳜﺘﺮ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪.(٦٩-٦٨/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻔﻘﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٦٠٤/٦‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻺﺣﺪﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٤٠٥/٨‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺴﻜﻦ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٤٠٩/٨‬ﺍﻟﺴﻜﲎ ﻟﻼﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٧٣‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺤﻤﻠﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٥٣٦‬‬

‫‪ -١٦٥٨‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺍﺩﻋﻴﺎ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﻟﺪﺗﻪ)‪ (٧‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ ..‬ﹸﺃ ﹺﺭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻓﺔ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٥٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٩‬ﻣﺎﺕ ﺯﻭﺟ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٦٠‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (١١‬ﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﹸﺓ ﺍﳌﻔﻘﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻘﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ)‪ (١٢‬ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ﹾ‬
‫ﺙ ]ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﺕ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﻤﺎ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻣﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻐﺮﻗﻰ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻴﻘ ﹺ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻪ‪ [،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ﹸ‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﳌﻔﻘﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻘﻮ ‪‬ﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭﻯ ﺃﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ ..‬ﺍﻋﺘ ‪‬ﺪﺕ ﺃﺭﺑﻌ ﹶﺔ ﺃﺷﻬ ﹴﺮ‬‫‪ -١٦٦١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺯﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺸ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﻭ)‪ (١٤‬ﺛﻼﺙ ﺣﻴﺾ)‪.(١٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪ .‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ :(٦١٠/٦‬ﺍﻟﱢﻠﺒ‪‬ﺄ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﱢﻠﺒ‪‬ﺄ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺯﻥ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨﺐ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃﻭ‪ ‬ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺄ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻴﺶ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ )‪.(٢٢١/٤‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳕﻨﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦١٠/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٠٢‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٣٢٤-٣٢٣/١١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (٢٩٥/١٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٤٠٤/٨‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﲣﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﻭﺃﺭﺿﻌﺘﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﻊ ﺧﻠﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻜﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﻧﻔﻘﺘﻬﺎ‪ ....‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻟﻺﺭﺿﺎﻉ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺇﺫﻧﻪ‪ ..‬ﺳﻘﻄﺖ ﻧﻔﻘﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺈﺫﻧﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻮﺟﻬﺎﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﺪﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦١٠/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٠٢‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(٣٢٥/١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻗﺮﻭﺀ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٣٠٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦١١/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٢/٦‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺒﻬﺎﻡ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﺍﳌﲑﺍﺙ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٦١١/٦‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﺑﺪﺃﺕ ﻓﺎﻋﺘﺪﺕ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﻋﺸﺮ‪‬ﺍ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﻋﺘﺪﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺣﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﻻ‬
‫ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﳘﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺟﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﲔ ﻣﻔﺘﺮﻗﲔ"‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٥٣٧‬‬

‫ﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ؛ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ)‪ (٢‬ﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﲪﻠﻬﺎ‪..‬‬ ‫‪ -١٦٦٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (١‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬

‫ﺕ ﺯﻭﺟ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻭ ﹸﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺪﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﻋﺸ ‪‬ﺮﺍ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﻀﻰ ﳍﺎ ﺃﺭﺑﻌ ﹸﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺷﻬ ﹴﺮ ﻭﻋﺸ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﻭﺿ ﹺﻊ ﺍﳊﻤ ﹺﻞ‪ ..‬ﺑﺮﺋﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺗﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ‪ (٤)/‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ‪..‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗﻤ‪‬ﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٦٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﻃﻼﹰﻗﺎ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻜﲎ‬
‫ﻼ)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻏﲑ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ)‪ (٦‬ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺔ)‪ (٧‬ﻭﻻ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻠﺬﺫ ﻭﻻ ﺧﻠﻮﺓ ]ﻭﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ[ ﺣﱴ‬‫ﺣﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻳﺮﺍﺟﻌﻬﺎ‪/٨٤)/،‬ﺏ( ﻭﻫﻲ ﳏﺮﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٦٤‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻛﺮﺍﻫﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺄﺫﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٦٥‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (١٠‬ﻭﻃﺌﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﻮﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ)‪ (١١‬ﺭﺟﻌﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ ﻭﻳﺸﻬﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﺼﺪﻗﻪ)‪ (١٢‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ)‪:(١٣‬‬
‫‪$‬ﻓﻠﲑﺍﺟﻌﻬﺎ‪.(١٥) (١٤)/#‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦١١/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٨٧/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٨٠‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﺎﻣﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦١٣/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ٢٢١/٨‬ﻭ‪ ٤٠٥‬ﻭ‪ ٤٠٨‬ﻭ‪.(٤٢٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ )‪ (٦٥ :٥٨٠/٢‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦١٤/٦‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪.(١١٠٢٤ :٣٢٤/٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺼﺪﻗﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٧٤‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٢١/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٦٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢١٧/٨‬‬ ‫)‪(١٥‬‬
‫‪ ٥٣٨‬‬

‫‪ -١٦٦٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻠﻖ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ ﻓﺎﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﰒ ﺗﺰﻭﺟﺖ ﻧﺼﺮﺍﻧ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﻓﺄﺻﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﻠﱠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺝ ﳛﻞ ﳍﺎ)‪ (١‬ﻧﻜﺎﺣ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺤﺼ‪‬ﻨﻬﺎ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺯﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻟﺰﻭﺟﹺﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠ ﹺﻢ ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹸﺓ ]ﻭﻫﻲ[ ﺑﻨﺖ)‪ (٣‬ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﳑﻦ ﱂ ﲢﺾ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺭ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٦٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﹸﻃﱢﻠ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٦٨‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﻃﻠﻘﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﲢﻴﺾ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﺃﺕ ﺩ ‪‬ﻣﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﰲ ﻣﺜ ﹺﻞ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﲢﻴﺾ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺣﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺩﻡ ﻋﻠﺔ)‪ (٦‬ﻭﺗﻌﺘﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻬﻮﺭ)‪.(٨) (٧‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א ‪$s‬‬

‫‪ -١٦٦٩‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻻﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻃﻼﻗﻪ‪» :-‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﺘﻚ« ﺃﻭ »ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﺘﻚ« ﺃﻭ »ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻗﺪﻡ ﻓﻼﻥ«‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٧٠‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻃﻠﻘﺘﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ)‪ (١٠‬ﺭﺍﺟﻌﺘﻚ«‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٧١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‪» :‬ﻗﺪ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﺘﻚ ﺃﻣﺲ« ﺃﻭ »ﻳﻮﻡ ﻛﺬﺍ« ﳌﺎ ﻣﻀﻰ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺭﺟﻌﺔ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٧٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‪» :‬ﻗﺪ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﺘﻚ«‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺭﺟﻌﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٣١/٦‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٧٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٢٥/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻨﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٤٥/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٧٠/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٥٤٤/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲢﺮﱘ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻓﻠﻮ ﲢﻘﻖ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺭﺟﻌﺔ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٢٤/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٣١٣/١٠‬ﲝﺮ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ )‪ (٢٠٨/١٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢١٦/٨‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٢٩‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(١٠/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٢٤/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٣١٣/١٠‬ﲝﺮ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ )‪.(٢٠٩/١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٢٤/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٣١٣/١٠‬ﲝﺮ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ )‪.(٢٠٨/١٠‬‬
 ‫‪٥٣٩‬‬

‫‪ -١٦٧٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻗﺪ‪ (٢)/‬ﺭﺍﺟﻌﺘﻚ ﺑﺎﶈﺒﺔ« ]ﺃﻭ »ﺑﺎﻷﺫﻯ« ﺃﻭ »ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺮﺍﻣﺔ« ﺃﻭ‬
‫»ﺑﺎﳍﻮﺍﻥ«‪ ..‬ﺳ‪‬ﺌﻞﹶ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ ﻭﻋﻨﻴﺖ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﺘﻚ ﺑﺎﶈﺒﺔ[ ﻣﲏ ﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﺘﻚ ﺑﺎﻷﺫﻯ ﰲ‬
‫ﻃﻼﻗﻚ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ)‪ (٣‬ﺭﺟﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺃﱐ ﺭﺟﻌﺖ)‪ (٥‬ﺇﱃ ﺃﺫﺍﻙ ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﺷﺒﺎﻩ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺭﺟﻌﺔ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٧٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﺮﺽ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻓﺨﺒﻞ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﳜﺒﻞ ﻭ)‪ (٧‬ﺿﻌﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻛﺎﻷﺧﺮﺱ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ)‪ ،(٩) (٨‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻘﻞ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺭﺟﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﱪﺃ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٧٥‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪» :‬ﺭﺍﺟﻌ‪‬ﺘﲏ‪ /‬ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﺫﺍﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﱂ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺪﺙ ﱄ ﺭﺟﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺛﺎﺏ ﻋﻘﻠﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﻋﺪﰐ«‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ‪» :‬ﺭﺍﺟﻌﺘﻚ)‪ (١١‬ﻭﻋﻘﻠﻲ ﻣﻌﻲ«‪..‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٧٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻣﻬﺎ‪» :(١٣)/‬ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﻋﺪﰐ« ﺑﺄﻥ ﺃﺳﻘﻄﺖ ﺳﻘ ﹰﻄﺎ ﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ‬
‫ﺧﻠﻘﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﳍﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﺜﹸﻠﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٢٤/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٤٢٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/١٠٠‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﺍﺟﻌﺘﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٢٤/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﲝﺮ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ )‪.(٢٠٩/١٠‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‪ ..‬ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﺻﺮﻳﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻟﻮ ﺃﻃﻠﻖ‪ ..‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢١٥/٨‬ﻭﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٣٧/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺮﻑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٨٣/٢‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٦٢٥-٦٢٤/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﺟﻌﺘﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٢٥/٦‬ﻟﻜﻦ ‪‬ﻧﺼ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻼﳘﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺃﻭﱃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٧٥‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٥٤٠‬‬

‫‪ -١٦٧٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪]» :‬ﻗﺪ[ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﻋﺪﰐ)‪ «(٣‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ » :‬ﹶﻛ ﹶﺬ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ«‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﳍﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺻﺪﻗﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٤‬ﱂ ﻳﺼﺪﻗﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٧٨‬ﻭﻟﻮ)‪ (٥‬ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ)‪ (٦‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻋﻠﻤﺘﲏ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺖ« ﰒ ﺍﺭﲡﻌﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺛﺒﺘﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹸﺓ ﺑﺎﻧﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ)‪.(٨)(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٧٩‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺭﺟﻌﺔ ﻟﻪ ﻹﻗﺮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺎﻧﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‪] ،‬ﻭﻻ ﲢﻞ)‪ (٩‬ﻟﻐﲑﻩ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺈﻗﺮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻧﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ[‪.‬‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﻷﻣﺔ ﻓﺼﺪﻗﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‪» :‬ﻗﺪ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﺘﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ«‬ ‫‪ -١٦٨٠‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺻﺪﻗﺘﻪ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﺎﳊﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻜﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٨١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﺧ ﹶﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺑﺎﻣﺮﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻗﺪ ﺃﺻﺒﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻭﻃﻠﻘﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ«)‪ ،(١٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪» :‬ﱂ ﺗﺼﺒﲏ)‪..«(١٣‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺭﺟﻌﺔ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ)‪.(١٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٨٢‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪» :‬ﻗﺪ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﲏ«‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﱂ ﹸﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺒ‪‬ﻬﺎ«‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﺑﺈﻗﺮﺍﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺭﺟﻌﺔ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٢٥/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٢٩‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٣٨/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻃﺌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٢٧/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٢٨/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﳛﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٢٧/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٢٨/٨‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٤٢/٣‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﻳﺼﺒﲏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺪﺧﻮﻝ ‪‬ﺎ ‪-‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﳍﺎ‪ .-‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٢٨/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٢٧/٨‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٤٣١‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٤٢/٣‬‬
 ‫‪٥٤١‬‬

‫ﺕ‪،‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٨٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‪» :‬ﻗﺪ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﺘﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ«‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ؛ ﺩﺧﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺖ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﻳﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ]ﻗﺪ[ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‪ ..‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣﹶﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪﻕ)‪ (٤‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ‬
‫‪ -١٦٨٤‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﲝﺎﳍﺎ ﰒ ﺻﺪﻗﺘﻪ)‪ (٣‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺰﻭﺟﺖ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻵﺧﺮ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٨٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺈﻗﺮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٨٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺼﱯ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻫﻖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻊ ﲨﺎﻋﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﲨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻏ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﻠﱠﻬﺎ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺣﺸﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﳎﺒﻮ‪‬ﺑﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻘﺪ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﻣﻐ‪‬ﻴ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -١٦٨٧‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳋﺼﻲ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﱠﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺤﱠﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺫﻫﺎﺏ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﺬ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺛﻴ‪‬ﺒﺎ)‪ ..(١٠‬ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‬ ‫‪ -١٦٨٨‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٩‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻜ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫ﳊ‪‬‬‫ﺍﹶ‬
‫‪ -١٦٨٩‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻧﻜﺤﻬﺎ ﻧﻜﺎ ‪‬ﺣﺎ ﻓﺎﺳ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﲢﻞ ﻟﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪/٨٥)/‬ﺏ( ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪.(١) (١٣)/‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺰﻋﻢ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻄﻠﻘ ﹲﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺪﺧﻮﻝ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺭﺟﻌﺔ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٢٨/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٢٧/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٢٨/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٤٩٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٢٥/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺻﺪﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٢٨/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٢٥/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﰊ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٦٢٨/٦‬ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻟﻠﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٣١/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺏ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ ﻣﻊ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ )‪.(١٨٦/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٣١/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ )‪.(١٨٦/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺛﻴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺤﺘﻤﻞ‪" :‬ﺗﻐ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٣١/٦‬ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺏ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ )‪.(١٨٦-١٨٥/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٧٦‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٥٤٢‬‬

‫‪z‬א ‪N‬ق‪ x‬‬

‫‪ -١٦٩٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٢‬ﹶﻃﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗ‪‬ﻪ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ ]ﻓﻨﻜﺤﺖ ﺯﻭ ‪‬ﺟﺎ)ﺯ([)‪ (٤‬ﻓﺎ ‪‬ﺩﻋ‪‬ﺖ)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺻﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺃﻧﻜﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﻠﱠﻬﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻧﺄﺧﺬ)‪ (٦‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻧﻜﺮ ﺇﻻ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻟﻮ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‬
‫ﺤﺎ ﻭﺃﺻﻴﺒﺖ)‪ (٨‬ﻭﺻﺪﻗﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺣﱠﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻧﻜﺤﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺬﻛﺮﺕ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻧﻜﺤﺖ ﻧﻜﺎ ‪‬ﺣﺎ ﺻﺤﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻭﺝ)‪.(١٠) (٩‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺑﻮﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﰲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺓ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٩١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺯﻧﺎ ﺭﺟﻞ)‪ (١١‬ﺑﺎﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﲢﺮﻡ)‪ (١٢‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﺎﳘﺎ)‪ ،(١٣‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﻧﻌﻤ ﹲﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ‪ (١٤)/‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻭﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ ﻭﻳﻠﺤﻖ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫]‪ [‬ﺇﳕﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻜﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ)‪.(١٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٩٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﻬﺪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻃﻠﻖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺸﻬﺪﻭﺍ)‪ (١٦‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ)‪]@ :(١‬ﺇﱐ[‬
‫ﻛﻨﺖ ﻣﻐﻠﻮ‪‬ﺑﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﻠﻲ!‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﻘﻞ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﺍﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٣٢/٦‬ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺏ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ ﻣﻊ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ )‪(١٨٧-١٨٦/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﲏ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٦٣٥/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺩﻋﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺄﺧﺬ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﻧﺄﺧﺬ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ( ﻭﺍﻷُﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺖ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺻﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺃﺻﻴﺒﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٣٥/٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٨٣/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳛﺮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/١٠١‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٣٩/٦‬ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺏ )‪.(١٨٢-١٨١/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺸﻬﺪﺍ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٥٤٣‬‬

‫ﻑ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳊﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺨﻮ ‪‬‬‫ﺽ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬

‫‪ -١٦٩٣‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳛﺠﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺗﻼﻓﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﹴ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﳉﻨﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺻﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻪ)‪ (٣‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﻀﻨﻴﻪ)‪ (٤‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺵ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﻄﺎﻭﻝ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﰿ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ﻏﲑﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﳌﻔﻠﻮﺝ ﻣﻨﻪ ﰲ )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻪ‪ (٥‬ﺣﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺴ ﱢﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻄﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳐﻮﹰﻓﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻄﺎﻭﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻜﺎﺩ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳐﻮﹰﻓﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﲪﻰ ﺭﺑﻊ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻷﻏﻠﺐ‬
‫ﺐ ﻓﺮﺍﺵ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ)‪ (٦‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻏﲑ ﳐﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻀﻨﻴﻪ)‪ (٧‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺻﺎﺣ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٩٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻗﺮ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻃﻠﻖ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻃﻠﻖ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﺗﺮﺛﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‬
‫ﺑﺈﻗﺮﺍﺭﻩ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺪ ﹶﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٩٥‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ‪» :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻮﰐ ﺑﺸﻬﺮﻳﻦ« ﺃﻭ »ﺛﻼﺛﺔ« ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﰒ ﻋﺎﺵ ﺃﻗﻞ ﳑﺎ‬
‫ﲰﻰ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺎ ﺍﳌﲑﺍﺙ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﺎﺵ ﻣﻦ ﺣﲔ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ)‪ (١٠‬ﳑﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤﻰ‬
‫ﺑﻄﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﲔ‪ (١١)/‬ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮ)‪ ..(١٢‬ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ]ﰲ[ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ)‪ (١٣‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ)‪ ،(١٤‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺮﺙ)‪.(١٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٦٤١/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺷﺒﻬﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﻳﻀﻤﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫‪ .‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺳﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺳﻮﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺳﻮﺭﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻀﻨﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻀﻤﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﺗﻀﻤﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٤٥/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٥٤-٣٥٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٥١-٥٠/٣‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(٣١٩/٨‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٤٤-٦٤٢/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤١٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٩٤/٣‬‬ ‫)‪( ٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٧٧‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺪﺗﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﺴﹶﺄﹶﻟ ﹰﺔ ﳓﻮ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٤٧/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (١٩٩/١٠‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٢٦/٨‬ﻣ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(١٥‬‬
‫‪ ٥٤٤‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ‪ /،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫‪ -١٦٩٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (١‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺻﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻄﻠﻖ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ )ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ (٣‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﺗﻄﻠﻖ)‪ (٤‬ﻭ)‪ (٥‬ﺗﺮﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٩٧‬ﻭﳚﻮﺯ ﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﶈﺠﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻋﺘﻘﻪ ﻷﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻭﻻ ﻟﻐﲑﻫﺎ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٩٨‬ﻭﺇﹺﻥ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭﺟ‪‬ﺖ)‪ (٨‬ﺃﻣ ﹲﺔ ﺻﻐﲑ ﹲﺓ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪ (٩‬ﻓﻌﺘﻘﺖ ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﺕ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺻﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻣﱠﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺻﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﺕ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳍﻤﺎ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺃﻣﺮ ﳍﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻮﻫﺔ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٦٩٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﹶﻛﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺸﻲ ٍﺀ ﻻ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻭ)‪ (١١‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ«‪ ..‬ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻦ ﻃﻼﹰﻗﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ..‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻚ‪:‬‬
‫ﻚ« ﻭ»ﺍﺳﻘﲏ«)‪ (١٢‬ﻭ)‪» (١٣‬ﺃﻃﻌﻤﻴﲏ«)‪.(١٤‬‬
‫»ﺑﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٠٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺍﺷﺮﰊ«)‪ ..(١‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﳑﺎ)‪ (١‬ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺯﻭﺩﻳﲏ« ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻃﻼﹰﻗﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺍﺫﻫﱯ« ﺃﻭ)‪» (٤‬ﺍﻏﺮﰊ« ﺃﻭ)‪ (٥‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻪ ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻃﻼﹰﻗﺎ)‪.(٦‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻄﻠﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪) :‬ﱂ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺧﺎﻃﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻐﲑﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﲎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٠٠/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٠٧/١٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﺰﻭﺟﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻭﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﳍﻦ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻍ ﻭﺍﻹﻓﺎﻗﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٥١/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٩٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺳﻘﻴﲏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻃﻌﻤﲏ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ :(٦٥٩/٦‬ﺍﺷﺮﰊ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺘﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﻘﻖ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﱪﻱ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٥٤٥‬‬

‫‪ -١٧٠١‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻣﻠﻚ ﺣﺮﺍﻡ«‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻨﻰ ﺟﻮﺍﺭﻳﻪ ﻭﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﰲ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ)‪ (٧‬ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪ ..‬ﹶﻛ ﱠﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﺟﻮﺍﺭﻳﻪ ﹶﻛ ﱠﻔﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹰﺓ ] ﹶﻛ ﱠﻔﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹰﺓ[‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﹶﻛ ﱠﻔﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹲﺓ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٠٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺪﺭﻱ ﻃﻠﻖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺃﻡ ﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻮﺭﻉ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻠﻘﻬﺎ ]ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺷﻚ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺪﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻮﺭﻉ ]ﺃﻥ[)ﺯ( ﻳﻄﻠﻘﻬﺎ[ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﻘﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﺠﺰ ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ‪(١٠)#‬؛ ﻷﻥ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻻ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺧﺎﻃﺌﺔ ﻭﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻫﻲ »ﺍﺳﺘﺘﺮﻱ«‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻲ »ﺍﺷﺮﰊ«‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٥٩/٦‬ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺃﻭ‪ :‬ﺍ ﹾﻃﻌ‪‬ﻢ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٧/٨‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﺷﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﹸﺫ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫"ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﺮﺟﻞ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻜﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﲟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻃﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ ..." :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ" ﻭﰲ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺷﻴﺔ‪" :‬ﲟﺎ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﺮﺟﺤﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﺿﺤ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٥٩/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٧-٢٦/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٦٦٠/٦‬ﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﺰﻭﺟﺘﻪ »ﺃﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﺮﺍﻡ« ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﻮ ﻃﻼﻗﹰﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﺑﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﳝﲔ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﰲ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٨٣-٢٨٢/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﻋﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻚ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ )‪:(٢٤/٢‬‬
‫"ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﻚ ﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺇﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻉ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﻄﻠﻖ ﻃﻠﻘﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ؛ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺃﻛﻦ ﻃﻠﻘﺘﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ؛ ﻛﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻃﻠﻘﺘﺎﻥ" ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﻼﻡ ﰲ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٥٤٦‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺯﻭﺟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻚ)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ)‪ (١‬ﻳﻘﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ)‪ (٢‬ﺑﺸﻚ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺷﻚ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻤﺜﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻉ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٠٣‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻘ ‪‬ﻦ‪ (٤)/‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺣﻨ ﹶ‬
‫ﺚ ﰲ ﺻﺤﺘﻪ ﺑﺄﺣﺪ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻦ؛ ﻃﻼﻕ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺘﺎﻕ‪ ..‬ﻭﻗﻔﻨﺎﻩ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺒﲔ‬
‫ﺃﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﳓﻠﻔﻪ)‪ (٦‬ﻟﻠﺬﻱ ﺯﻋﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ‪ ..‬ﺃﻗﺮﻉ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻋﺔ‪ (٧)/‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻖ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺘﻘﻨﺎﻩ)‪ (٨‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻄﻠﻘﻬﻦ؛‬
‫ﻷﻥ‪/٨٦)/‬ﺏ( ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﱂ ﻳﻘﺮﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٠٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻﻣﺮﺃﺗﲔ ﻟﻪ‪» :‬ﺇﺣﺪﺍﻛﻤﺎ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ« ﺃﻭ ﻟﻨﺴﻮﺓ‪» :‬ﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻣﻨﻜﻦ ﻃﺎﻟﻘﺘﲔ«‪..‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﺍﻗﻲ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫‪‬ﻣﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋﻨﻪ ﹸﻛﱡﻠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﺑﻨﻔﻘ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻦ ﲨﻴ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ‪ ..‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺕ‪ ..‬ﻭﻗﻔﻨﺎ ﳍﻦ ﻣﲑﺍﺛﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺼﻄﻠﺤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ)‪ (١١‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻦ‪ ..‬ﺃﻭﻗﻒ ﻣﲑﺍﺛﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ‬
‫ﻭﺭﺛﺘﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺼﻄﻠﺤﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٠٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺩ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﹶﻃﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺑﺼﻔ ‪‬ﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﻔﺘﻪ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹲﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳜﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻪ)‪ (١٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ)‪.(١٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺸﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺰﻭﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻧﻜﺎﺡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٦١-٦٦٠/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٩٩/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٧٨‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﳛﻠﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/١٠١‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ( ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٦٢/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٦٨‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(٢٧٤/١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٦٢/٦‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(٢٧٨/١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٦٦٣/٦‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ ،(٢٧٩/١٠‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﻨﺴﺒﺘﻪ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٥٤٧‬‬

‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼﻕ)‪..«(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬

‫‪ -١٧٠٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﺎﻥ)‪ (١‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻹﺣﺪﺍﳘﺎ‪» :‬ﱂ ﺃﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﻗﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻃﻠﻖ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ؛ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻘ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﺑﻄﻼﻕ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﳘﺎ)‪.(٤) (٣‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺙ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﻃﻼﻕ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻋﻴﺎ‪‬ﻤﺎ‬ ‫‪ -١٧٠٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻜ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﳍﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺈﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﳛﺪﺛﻪ ﺑﻄﻼﻗﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٠٨‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻭﺃﺭﺩ‪‬ﺎ«‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺃﺧﻄﺄﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺯﻋﻤﺖ ﺃﱐ ﱂ ﺃﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ..‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺭﺩ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻪ«‪ ..‬ﻃﻠﻘﺘﺎ ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﺑﺈﻗﺮﺍﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٠٩‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻭﻗﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﲑﺍﺙ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪ ..‬ﻗﺎﻡ)‪ (٩‬ﻭﺭﺛﺘﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(١٢) (١١‬‬
‫ﺃﻳﺘﻬﻦ‬ ‫‪ -١٧١٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻪ)‪ (١٠‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻃﻠﻌﺖ‪» :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ« ﰒ ﱂ ﻳﺪﺭ ‪/‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ‪ ..‬ﻭﻗﻒ ﻋﻨﻬﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻠﻖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻱ ﺃﻳﺘﻬﻦ ﻫﻲ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٧١١‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻫﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺑﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ«‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ]ﻃﻼﻕ[ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺎﻝ »ﺑﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ« ﻭﻃﻼﻕ‬
‫ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺘﲔ)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻟﱵ)‪ (١‬ﻗﺎﻝ »ﻫﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻫﺬﻩ«)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻋﲏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﺣﺪﺍﳘﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٦٢/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ( ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(٢٨٣/١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺄﻋﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٦٣-٦٦٢/٦‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(٢٨٢/١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٧٩‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٦٥-٦٦٤/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻟﻮ ﻧﺴﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٠٢/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺛﻨﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٥٤٨‬‬

‫‪ -١٧١٢‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻫﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺑﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ«‪ ..‬ﻃﻠﻘﺖ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻭﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -١٧١٣‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺇﺣﺪﺍﻛﻦ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ« ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ »ﻫﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ« ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ »ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺩﺭﻱ ﺃﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻛﺎﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ /‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ »ﻻ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ﺃﻡ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ«)‪ ..(٢‬ﹶﻃﹸﻠ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺑﺎﻹﻗﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻗ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﰒ ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻮﺍﺣﺪ ‪‬ﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﺄﻟﺰﻣﻨﺎﻩ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻹﻗﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻱ‬‫ﺃﺩﺭﻱ ﺃﻃﻠﻘﺖ ﺃﻡ ﻻ«؛ ﻫﺬﺍ ﹶﻃﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺑﻴﻘ ﹴ‬
‫ﺤ ﱠﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﻦ ﻏﲑ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﱂ)‪ (٣‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺪ‪‬ﻕ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹲﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻦ ﳏﺮﻣ ﹲﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻕ ﰲ ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭﹺﻩ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﻗﻲ ﻛﻬﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﻴ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﺸﻚ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪] :‬ﻗﺪ[ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻘﻨﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﻠﺖ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻃﻠﻘﺖ ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫‪ -١٧١٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻳﺘﻬﻦ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺣﻠﻔﻪ ﳍﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﺣﻠﻔﺘﻪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪] -١٧١٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﳏﻤﺪ[ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻫﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ« ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻻ ﺃﺩﺭﻱ ﺃﻫﻲ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻡ ﻻ« ﰒ ﻣﺎﺕ‪) ..‬ﻗﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻮﺭﺛﺘﻪ‪ :(٨‬ﻻ ﺗﺮﺛﻪ)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺎﻝ @ﻫﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ! ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺭﺟﻌﺘﻬﺎ‪) ،‬ﻭﻭﺭﺛﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻕ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ‪‬ﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻦ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻦ)‪ (١١‬ﻣﲑﺍﺛﹶﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺸ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﰲ ﻃﻼﻗﻬﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻃﻼ ﹺ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٦٥/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٠٦/٨‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺑﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ‪ "..‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺤﺎﻕ ﻳﺒﲔ ﺃﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ »ﺃﻭ ﻫﺬﻩ«‬
‫ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٦٥-٦٦٤/٦‬ﲝﺮﻭﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٠٥/٨‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻻ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٦٥/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٠٨-١٠٧/٨‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٦٥/٦‬ﲝﺮﻭﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٠٨/٨‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﻳﺘﺒﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﳌﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٩‬‬
‫‪ .‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﻭﻭﺭﺛﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٥٤٩‬‬

‫‪ -١٧١٦‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﻮﻗﻒ ﻣﲑﺍﺛﻪ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻦ)‪ (١‬ﺣﱴ ﻳﺼﻄﻠﺤﻦ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫‪ -١٧١٧‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ‪» :‬ﻣﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺩﺭﻱ ﺃﻃﻠﻘﺖ ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻲ ‪-‬ﺃﻭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻦ‪ -‬ﺃﻡ ﻻ« ﰒ‬
‫ﻚ)‪ (٧‬ﰲ ﻃﻼ ‪‬ﻗ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻦ)‪.(٩) (٨‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ‪ ..‬ﻭ ﹺﺭﹾﺛ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٤‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ)‪ (٥‬ﳕﻨ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻦ)‪ (٦‬ﻣﲑﺍﺛﹶﻪ ﺑﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٦٥/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪. ،‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﳌﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺭﺛﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﳝﻨﻌﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ( ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/١٠٢‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٦٥/٦‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳛﻜﻢ ﺑﻮﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻚ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺃﻭﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻻ‬
‫ﳛﻜﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٥٥٠‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א‪“48I‬א‪ Q‬‬

‫‪ -١٧١٨‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻰ )ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪]  (١‬ﻋﺎﻡ[‬
‫ﺳﱯ ﺃﻭﻃﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﺗﻮﻃﺄ‪ (٣)/‬ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻀﻊ ﻭﻻ ﺣﺎﺋﻞ ﺣﱴ ﲢﻴﺾ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻚ[ ‪‬ﻣﹶﻠﻜﹶﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‬ ‫‪ -١٧١٩‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺃﻣ ﹰﺔ ﺑﺒﻴ ﹴﻊ ﺃﻭ ﻫﺒ ‪‬ﺔ‪ (٥)/‬ﺃﻭ ﺻﺪﻗ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﲑﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ]ﻣﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻄﺆﻫﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﱪﺋﻬﺎ ﲝﻴﻀ ‪‬ﺔ ﺗﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺔ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺣﻴﻀﻬﺎ)‪ (٧‬ﺃﻭ ﺁﺧﺮﻩ)‪ ..(٨‬ﱂ ﻳﻌﺘﺪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫‪ -١٧٢٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﺋ ‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺣﻴﻀﺔ«‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺣﻴﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺗﻄﻬﺮ)‪ (٩‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﻴﺾ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﻴﻀﺔ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺘﺪ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻴﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻄﻠﻖ)‪ (١٠‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٢١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ ﱂ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ‪ ..‬ﺍﺳﺘﱪﺃﻫﺎ ﺑﺸﻬﺮ)‪ ،(١٢‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺗﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻘﺎﺕ‪]  l

k  :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ ،[٢٢٨ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻼﰐ)‪ (١٣‬ﱂ ﳛﻀﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﰐ)‪ (١٤‬ﻳﺌﺴﻦ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻔﺴﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻻ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٣٠٣‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻴﺮ‪‬ﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٩٩‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ ،(١١٢٢٨ :٣٢٦/١٧‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻭﻁﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻳﺎ‪،(٢١٥٧ :٦١٤/٢) ،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ (١٩٥/٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ"‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ ‪ . ‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳊﺒﲑ )‪" :(٤٤١/١‬ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺣﺴﻦ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺭﻭﺍﺀ )‪.(٢٠٠/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٨٠‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٢٥١/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٢٥٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٠٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٢٧/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﻴﻀﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻄﻬﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻃﻠﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٢٥١/٦‬ﻭ‪ (٢٥٨‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٠٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٢٦/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﻬﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٥٥١‬‬

‫ﺍﶈﻴﺾ‪]  ¶    :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،[٤ :‬ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ ﺷﻬ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﻴﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﰲ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺀ‪$ :‬ﺣﻴﻀﺔ‪ #‬ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﳑﻦ ﻻ ﲢﻴﺾ)‪/٨٧‬ﺏ(‪ ..‬ﺃﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺷﻬ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺷﻬ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‬
‫ﺣﻴﻀﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺌﺴﺖ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٢٢‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﺟﺎﺭﻳ ﹲﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﺩﻋ ﹲﺔ ﳏﺠﻮﺑ ﹲﺔ ﳐﺪﺭ ﹲﺓ ﻓﺤﺎﺿﺖ ﺣﻴﻀﺔ ﰒ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﻳﻄﺆﻫﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﱪﺋﻬﺎ ﲝﻴﻀﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺳﻦ)‪ (٤‬ﰲ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٢٣‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ)‪.(٧)(٦‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٢٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٨‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻓﺘﻔﺮﻗﺎ‪ ..‬ﻭﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻐﺐ)‪ (٩‬ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺣﱴ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻟﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻄﺆﻫﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﱪﺋﻬﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٢٥‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ ﻓﺤﺎﺿﺖ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺣﻴﻀﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ )ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ‪(١١‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻴﻊ )ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻖ ﻭﻳﻬﺐ‪ ،(١٢‬ﻓﻬﺬﻩ)‪] (١٣‬ﺣﻴﻀﺔ[ ﻣﻌﺘﺪﺓ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﻬﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ - (٢٥٠/٧‬ﻭ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﹶﺓ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻠﺼﻐﲑﺓ‪ -‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٢٦/٨‬‬
‫‪ .‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪) :‬ﻳﺒﲔ( ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﻝ ﺣﺮﻓﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٢٥١/٦‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ‪ ‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪" :(٣٧٣/٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻮ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻭﺩﻳﻌﺔ ﺣﺎﺿﺖ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﻴﻀﺔ ﰒ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳊﻴﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺣﺎﺿﺖ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﱪﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻻ ﲣﺮﺝ" ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻌﻮﻧﺔ )‪.(٦٤٤/١‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒﺮ‪‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٢٥١/٦‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪.(٣٨٢/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٩‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٥١/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٢٧/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻬﺐ ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٥٥٢‬‬

‫ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﳍﻤﺎ ﲨﻴ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺘﻔﺮﻗﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺣﺎﺿﺖ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﱪﺍﺀ ﺣﱴ ﲤﻀﻲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﱪﺋﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﲝﻴﻀﺔ‪.(٢) (١)/‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻊ)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻥ‬
‫‪ -١٧٢٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺟﺎﺭﻳ ﹰﺔ ﺃﻳ ﹶﺔ ﺟﺎﺭﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺮﻁ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﹸﻛ ﱠﻞ ﺷﻲﹴﺀ ﺑﻌﻴﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ)‪ ..(٦‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﺑﺎﻃ ﹰ‬
‫ﻳﻀﻌﺎﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻱ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ‪‬ﺓ ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺩﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ‪-‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻉ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻐ ‪‬ﲑ)‪ (٨‬ﻭﳝﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺘ ‪‬ﺮﻯ ﻭﺻﺎﺣﺒ‪‬ﻪ ﳑﻨﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻪ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻮﻣﲔ‪ ..-‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ)‪.(٩‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٨١‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٢٥٣/٦‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺒﻴﻊ ﰲ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ؟ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻷﻇﻬﺮ ﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻷﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻷﻇﻬﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﰎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ ..‬ﺑﺎﻥ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﺑﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﱂ ﻳﺰﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٤٨/٣‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﺗﺴﺘﱪﺉ ﺑﺎﳊﻴﻀﺔ ﰲ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﱪﺉ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳊﻴﻀﺔ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﳍﻤﺎ ﻣﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻴﺚ ﺇﻥ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺲ ﳍﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﺴﺘﱪﺉ ﺑﺎﳊﻴﻀﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺯﻣﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳛﺼﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﱪﺍﺀ ﺑﻮﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ ﰲ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﺣﱴ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ؛‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﰲ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﻏﲑ ﻻﺯﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻀﻌﻒ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٥٢٩/٩‬ﻭﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪.(٤٣٢/٨‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﻤﺎ –ﺭﲪﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ -‬ﺟﻌﻼ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻬﲔ ﻷﰊ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﺼ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺟ‪‬ﺤﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻭﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﻟﻠﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‪ ،‬ﲞﻼﻑ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ »ﻟﻀﻌﻒ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ«‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻭﺑﺮﺍﻋﺔ ﲨﺎﳍﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﱪﺍﺀ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﺘﱪﺍ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﺘﱪﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٨‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٢٥٤-٢٥٣/٦‬‬
 ‫‪٥٥٣‬‬

‫‪ -١٧٢٧‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ)‪ (١‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻔﻌﺎﺕ‪ ..‬ﺟﱪ)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺿﻌﺔ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٢٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ]ﱂ[ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻃﺎ)‪ (٤‬ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺿﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﻭﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﱪﺍﺀ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻓﻀﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪) ..‬ﻓﺎﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺘﺎﻉ‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺳﻘﻴﻤﺔ)‪ (٦‬ﻓﻀﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻊ ﺟﺎﺭﹺﻳ‪‬ﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٢٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ‪ /‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻮﺍﺿﻌﺎﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻏﲑ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٣٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺟﺎﺭﻳ ﹰﺔ ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺎﻉ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻄﺄﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﹸﺃ ﹺﺭﻳ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ؛‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻠﻦ‪ :‬ﺎ ﲪﻞ‪ ..‬ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﳍﻦ‪ (٩):‬ﻗﺪﺭﻭﺍ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﲟﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺸﻜﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺪﺭﻭﺍ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺪﺭﺍ ]ﲟﺎ[ ﻻ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪ (٣٨٢/٢‬ﻣﻮﺍﻫﺐ ﺍﳉﻠﻴﻞ )‪.(٥٢٦/٥‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﻝ ﺣﺮﻓﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺎﻉ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺴﻴﻤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪" :(٣٧٣/٢‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻟﻮ ﺃﱐ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻳﺖ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺋﺘﻤﻨﲏ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﱪﺍﺋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﳚﻮﺯ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺿﻌ ﹶﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﻫﺐ ﺍﳉﻠﻴﻞ )‪" :(٥٢٨/٥‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﻴﻌﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺿﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﻄﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﱰﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻛﺮﻩ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺿﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﺋﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺎﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﱪﺍﺀ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﻌﻼ‪..‬‬
‫ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ ﺇﻥ ﻗﺒﻀﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺩﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺒﻀﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺯﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺿﻌﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﻮﺧﺶ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺍﺳﺘﱪﺍﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺿﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺟﻬﻼ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺿﻌﺔ ﻓﻘﺒﻀﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﻮﺧﺶ ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﻳﺘﱪﺃ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻔﺴﺪ ﻭﺃﻟﺰﻣﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺿﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻁ ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﱪﺃ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ‪..‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺿﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﺒﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻭﺟﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻤﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺟﻬ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ‪ ،-‬ﻭﻳﻠﺰﻣﻬﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺿﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺳﺪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻃﺎ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺿﻌﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳍﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٩‬‬
‫‪ ٥٥٤‬‬

‫ﻳﺸﻜﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ‪ ..‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻜﻞ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺖ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ﹺﺮ‪‬ﻳ ﹰﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٣١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻮﻃﺌﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﻴﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻄﺄﻫﺎ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭ]ﻗﺪ[ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﺻﺪﻕ‪] (٣)/‬ﻭ[ ﻓﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﺼﺪﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٤‬ﱂ ﻳﻄﺄﻫﺎ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺎﻉ ﻓﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺑﻮﻟﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻭﻗﺪ‪ (٥)/‬ﺃﻗﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺑﻮﻃﺌﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻉ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﺳﺘﱪﺍ ًﺀ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﻌﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﳊﻘﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺ‬
‫‪ | -١٧٣٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ)‪ :(٨‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻴﻊ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻄﻴﲏ ﻏﺰ ﹰﻻ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٣٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﱪﺍ ًﺀ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻁﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀﺕ)‪ (١٠‬ﺑﻮﻟﺪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺎﻉ ﻷﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺘﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪ ..‬ﳊﻖ ﺑﻪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﻣﻞ ﲢﻴﺾ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﺃﻓﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﳊﻘﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺇﻥ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻠﺘﻪ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻭﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻟﻶﺧﺮ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺎﻉ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﳏﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻗﺮﺏ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﺎﳊﻤﻞ ﻋﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٤٠١/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٦١/٣‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٥٣٥/٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٤٣٠/٨‬ﺭﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﺷﺮﺣﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺒﻄﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺇﻥ ﺑﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ (٤١١/٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٠٩/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/١٠٠‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٨٢‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﺪﻋﻲ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﱂ ﺗﺪﻋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٤٣١/٨‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(٤١١/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٤٠٦/٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻓﻴﻠﺤﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻟﺪﺓ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٤٣١/٨‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬
‫)‪.(٤١١/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻷﻥ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٥٥٥‬‬

‫‪ -١٧٣٤‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭ‪‬ﻩ ﺑﻮﻃﺌﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺎﻉ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫‪ -١٧٣٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻠﺤﻖ)‪(٣‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻩ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺘﺎﻉ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٣٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻭﻃﺌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﱪﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻭﻃﺌﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﱪﺉ ﺣﱴ ﺑﺎﻉ؛‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﲔ ﻭﻃﺌﻬﻤﺎ)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻗﺖ‪ ..‬ﻧﻈﺮ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﻷﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﻃﺊ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫ﻟﻸﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺴﺘ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﺷﻬ ﹴﺮ ﻓﺼﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﻃﺊ‪/٨٨)/‬ﺏ( ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﻃﺌﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ..‬ﹸﺃ ﹺﺭﻳ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻓﺔﹸ؛ ﻓﺄﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﳊﻖ ﺑﻪ‪ ..‬ﳊﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻗﺎﻓﺔ‪ ..‬ﺗﺮﻙ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﱪ ﻓﻴﻮﺍﱄ‬
‫ﺃﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﺷﺎﺀ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻡ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺟﺎﺭﻳ ﹰﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﻟﺪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻟﺪ‪‬ﻩ‪ ..‬ﱂ)‪ (٨‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺪ‪‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫‪ -١٧٣٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺑﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﺑ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺘﺎﻉ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﱪﺃﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻁﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺑﻮﻟﺪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻠﺤﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻗﺪ ﻭﻃﺌﻬﺎ ﻭﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﻟﺴﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪ ..‬ﳊﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻭﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻟﺪﺓ ﻟﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﻷﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﻄﺄﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﳑﻠﻮﻙ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٤٣١/٨‬ﺃﺳﲎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(٤١١/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻴﺬﻛﺮﻩ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﻛﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪(٤٣٠/٨‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪" :(٣٤٨/١١‬ﻭﰲ ﳊﻮﻕ ﻧﺴﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ "ﺍﻷﻡ" ﻭ"ﺍﻹﻳﻼﺀ" ﻳﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﻪ؛‬
‫ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺿﺮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﰲ ﳊﻮﻕ ﻧﺴﺒﻪ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻋﺘﻘﻪ ﻓﺄﺭﻓﻘﻨﺎﻩ ﻟﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺭ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻧﻨﻒ ﻧﺴﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺿﺮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﺫﺍ ﻧﺴﺐ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻠﺤﻖ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺿﺮﺭﺍ ﰲ ﳊﻮﻕ ﻧﺴﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺘﻘﻪ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﲑ‬
‫ﻣﲑﺍﺛﻪ ﻷﺑﻴﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﻪ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﲑﺍﺙ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﲑﺍﺙ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻﺀ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻃﺌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٤٣١/٨‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(٤١١/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﰒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٥٥٦‬‬

‫‪ -١٧٣٨‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ »ﻳﺮﻳﻬﺎ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ« ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪
O
N





M
L  :(٢) ‬‬

‫ﺣﻮﺍﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﻜ ‪‬ﻤﺎ)‪ (٤‬ﳛﻜﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺑﲔ‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬

‫‪]  Q

P‬ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ،[٦ :‬ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٣٩‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻸﻣﺔ ﺣﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻀﻌﻪ‪(٥)/‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻨﻔﺶ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻭﺿﻌﺘﻪ‪ ..‬ﳛﻜﻢ ﻟﻪ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٤٠‬ﻭﺍﳊﻴﺾ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺎﻉ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﱂ ﲢﺾ؛ ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﳑﺎ ﳛﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﺣﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳊﻴﺾ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺮﺗﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺣﻠﻒ‪ ..‬ﺑﺮﺉ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٤١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻻ ﲢﻴﺾ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻴﺐ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ)‪ (٧‬ﻣﻨﻪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٤٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﻭﻇﻬﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪» :‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﲏ«‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻗﺮ ﺑﻮﻃﺌﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﻴﻌﻬﺎ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﳚﻲﺀ ﻷﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ‪] ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ[ )‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٤٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (١٠‬ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺴﺘ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﺷﻬ ﹴﺮ ﻓﺼﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺘﺎﻉ ﺇﻥ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋﻪ)‪ (١١‬ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻠﺤﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﻻ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪ (١٢‬ﻻ ﺃﺏ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪ (١٣‬ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺘﺎﻉ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺮﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ :‬ﺣﻜﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٨٣‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻻ ﲢﻴﺾ ﻭﻫﻲ ﰲ ﺳﻦ ﲢﻴﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺭﺩﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٦١/٣‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬

‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٦١/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٣١/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪﻋﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ :‬ﻭﻟﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ :‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٥٥٧‬‬

‫‪ -١٧٤٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻷﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﱪﺃﻫﺎ)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻟﺴﺘﺔ ]ﺃﺷﻬﺮ[ ﻓﺼﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻗﺮ ﺑﻮﻃﺌﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﻴﻌﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﳊﻖ ﺑﺎﻷﻭﻝ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٤٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭ‪‬ﻩ)‪ (٤‬ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪ (٦‬ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺘﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺼﺪﻗﻪ)‪.(٨)(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٤٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻠﺤﻖ ]ﺑﻪ[)‪(٩‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻩ ﰲ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺘﺎﻉ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺳﺄﻟﲏ ﺭﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻠﺖ‬ ‫‪ | -١٧٤٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﺇﻥ‪ /‬ﱂ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺼﺮﺍﱐ‪» :‬ﺳﻠﲏ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ«‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻻ ﺗﻘﻀﻲ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ«‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻪ)‪ ،(١٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮ ﱄ ﺧﱰﻳ ‪‬ﺮﺍ«‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٤٣١/٨‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﻟﺴﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻗﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻠﺤﻘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٣١/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻗﺮ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻁﺀ‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٤٣١-٤٣٠/٨‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪" :(٤١١/٣‬ﺍﻷﻭﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺛﺒﻮﺗﻪ" ﻭﰲ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ )‪" :(٤١١/٣‬ﺍﻷﺻﺢ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺛﺒﻮﺗﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺇﻥ ﺻﺪ‪‬ﻗﻪ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻟﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٤٣١-٤٣٠/٨‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(٤١١/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺘﲔ‪ :‬ﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٥٥٨‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٤٨‬ﻗﻠﺖ)‪ :(١‬ﻻ ﳛﻨﺚ؛ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗﺒ‪ ‬ﹺﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻮ ﻋﻘﺪ ﻋﻘﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﺗﻨﻌﻘﺪ)‪(٣‬؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻨﻌﻘﺪ)‪ (٤‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ﹴﻡ ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻜﺮ ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺍﺷﺮﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ!‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‪ @ :‬ﻃ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ!‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻳﺸﺮﺑﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻄﲑ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺣﺪ ﺍﳌﻜﺮﻫﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ | -١٧٤٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺟﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺃﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ ،(٦)/‬ﻓﻌﻘﺪ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺃﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻱ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻨﻌﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻃﻠﻘﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻘﺪﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻌﻘﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻌﻘﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٨٤‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
 ‫‪٥٥٩‬‬

‫‪6 4g‬א‡=‪ E١F‬‬

‫‪ -١٧٥٠‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻟﺒﺲ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻄﻴﺐ ﻧﺎﺳ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ‬
‫ﻼ ﲟﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪ (٤‬ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ )‪ (٣‬ﻟﺒﺲ ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻟﻠﺒﺴﻪ ﺟﺎﻫ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -١٧٥١‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﰊ ﺣﲔ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫‪$‬ﺍﻧﺰﻉ ﺍﳉﺒﺔ‪ #‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺄﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٥٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻮﺏ ﻣﺼﺒﻮﻍ ﺑﻄﻴﺐ‪ ..‬ﺍﻓﺘﺪﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ]ﺛﻮﺑﻪ[‬
‫ﻒ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺛﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﻓﺪﺍﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫‪ -١٧٥٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﻰ)‪ (٨‬ﳏﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺭﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﻏﲑﹺﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﺪﻯ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺧ ‪‬ﲑ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﹶﻓﻠﹶﻰ ﺟﺴﺪﻩ ﺃﻭ ﺟﺴﺪ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪(١‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺠﺮﺓ ﰲ ﻓﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻷ ﱠﻥ ﺣﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﰲ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺟﺴﺪﻩ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﰲ ]‪/١٠٤‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٨٥/٣‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪. (٢٤٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻌﺬﺭ ﻭﲡﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﻦ‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺎﳌﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ ﺟﺎﻫ ﹰ‬‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺟﺎﻫ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻟﻮﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٦٣/٧‬‬ ‫ﻼ ﻟﻠﺤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺟﺎﻫ ﹰ‬‫ﺯﱏ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺮﻕ ﻋﺎﳌﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ ﺟﺎﻫ ﹰ‬

‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٨٥/٣‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٣٦١/٧‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٦٣-٣٦٢/٧‬‬

‫)‪ (٦‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ‪ ‬؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺞ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﳋﻠﻮﻕ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻴﺎﺏ‪ (١٧٨٩) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺞ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﺒﺎﺡ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺮﻡ ﲝﺞ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻤﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺒﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﲢﺮﱘ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.(١١٨٠) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٢٤/٣‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﻳﺸﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(٢٨٤/٧‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺟﻠﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺍﺵ ﻣﻄﻴﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻣﻄﻴﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻔﻀﻴﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺒﺪﻧﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻠﺒﻮﺳﻪ‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻓﺮﺵ ﻓﻮﻗﻪ ﺛﻮﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﰒ‬
‫ﺟﻠﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﲡﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻴﻘﹰﺎ‪ ..‬ﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﹶﺜ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻤ ﹺﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٢٥٣/٣٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﹶﻓﻠﹶﻰ ﺭﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫‪ ٥٦٠‬‬

‫‪ -١٧٥٤‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻃﻴﺐ ﻣﺴﻪ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻄﺦ ]ﺑﻪ[ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺴﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺷﻌ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﻃ‪‬ﺒﺎ‪..‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺇﻥ‬‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﻪ ﺭ ‪‬ﳛﺎ)‪ (٤‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺎﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﻩ)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺴﺪﻩ ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻓﺘﺪﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺎﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺷﻌﺮﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺷﻌﹰﺜﺎ ﻓﻔﻌﻞ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﻛﺮﻫﺘﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻓﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٥٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻮﺏ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻃﻴﺐ ﻣﻔﻀ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺟﺴﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﺍﻓﺘﺪﻯ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٥٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺩﺧﻞ)‪ (٧‬ﺑﻴﺖ ﻋﻄﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻴﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺟﻠﺲ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻨﺐ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻞ‪/٨٩)/‬ﺏ( ﻣﺘﻄﻴﺐ ﻓﻮﺟﺪ ﺭﳛﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﺐ )ﻟﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.(١٠) (٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٥٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺸﻘﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ " :(٥١٧-٥١٦/٣‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﶈﺮﻣﲔ ﻗﻤﻠﺔ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺴﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻟﻘﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻗﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺣﻼﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻓﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺼﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺻﻴﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺄﻛﻮﻟﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﻔﺪﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﺍﻓﺘﺪﻯ ﺑﻠﻘﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻓﺘﺪﻯ ﺑﻪ‪..‬‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﻳﻔﺘﺪﻱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻷ‪‬ﺎ‪ /‬ﻛﺎﻹﻣﺎﻃﺔ ﻟﻸﺫﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺮﻫﻨﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺍﻫﻴﺔ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻈﻔﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪": (٣٧٥/٧‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺪﻕ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻮﺍﺟﺐ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﻭﲨﺎﻫﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺄﻛﻮﻟﺔ ﻓﺄﺷﺒﻬﺖ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳊﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﺗﺆﻛﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺟﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺪﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺟﺐ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺫﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‪ ...‬ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺣﺴﲔ ﻭﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﲔ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ"‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ‬
‫)‪" :(٣٣٨/٧‬ﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺣﺴﲔ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﲔ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺷﺎﺫﹰﺍ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﹰﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﺟﺐ ﳌﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺫﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪.(٣٧٢/٧‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺟﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻝ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﻳﺢ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺭﳛﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٢٣/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪(٢٨٣/٧‬؟؟ ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﺭ‪ :‬ﻑ )(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺩﺧﻠﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٨١-٣٨٠/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٢٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٨٣/٧‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺼﺪ ﻻﺷﺘﻤﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻔﻲ ﻛﺮﺍﻫﺘﻪ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺻﺤﻬﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﻳﻜﺮﻩ‪ ...‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ"‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٥٦١‬‬

‫ﺐ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﰲ )ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺮ‪ (٢‬ﻣﺜﻞ‬‫‪ -١٧٥٨‬ﻭﺃﺣﺐ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺘﻨﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺎﺭﻳﻦ)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻮﺿ ﹴﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻃﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﺘﻨﺐ‪ (٣)/‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺸﻘﻪ‪ ،(٤)/‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﻌﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﺐ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺒﻖ ﻭﺍﳋﲑﻱ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﺐ)‪) ٦‬ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺣﲔ‪ (٧‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﻫﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻃﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٥٩‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﳑﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻟﻠﻄﻴﺐ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﺨﺬﻭﻧﻪ ﻃﻴ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺢ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -١٧٦٠‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻣﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍ َﻷ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺼﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺒﻖ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺍﺭﺻﻴﲏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﳒﺒﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺫﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻛﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺃﻭ ﴰﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٦١‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﻞ ﻃﻴ‪‬ﺒﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﴰﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ)‪.(١١)(١٠‬‬
‫‪] -١٧٦٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ [: ‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﺒﻰ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻻ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﺞ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﹶﺓ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺣﺎ ‪‬ﺟﺎ)‪،(١٢‬‬
‫ﺠ ﹰﺔ ﺗﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹰﺔ‪ ،(١٤)(١٣‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻮ ﻧﻮﻯ ﻭﱂ ﳛﺮﻡ ﺣﱴ ﻗﻀﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﻚ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ) ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫‪$ : ‬ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻴﺔ‪.#‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٨٥‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/١٠٤‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪] (٥‬ﺯ[ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﻻﺷﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺋﺤﺔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ" ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪:(٢٨٧-٢٨٦/٧‬‬
‫"ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻗﺮﺑﺔ ﻛﺎﳉﻠﻮﺱ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﲡﻤﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﺫﻟﻚ؛‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺍﳉﻠﻮﺱ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺡ" ﻭﻭﺍﻓﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٩٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺻﻨﻊ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻃﻼﺀ ﺧﺎﺛﺮ ﻭﻃﻴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻳﺎﺣﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٨٠/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٩٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٨٠-٣٧٩/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٢٤‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٨٩/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٨١/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٨٢/٧‬‬
‫ﺴﻴ‪‬ﺮ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﻓﻬﻮ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﰲ )‪/٨٩‬ﺃ( ﻭﻋﻨﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺏ‪":‬ﺍﳊﺞ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٨٩/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٢٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٥٨/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﺠﻪ ﺗﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٩٠/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٢٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٥٨/٣‬‬
‫‪ ٥٦٢‬‬

‫‪ -١٧٦٣‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺣﲔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﱠﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻫﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ..(١) ‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺔ؛‬
‫ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻐﲑﻩ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﺖ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٦٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﺬﺭ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺞ ﻭﱂ ﳛﺞ ﻗﻂ ﻓﺤﺞ ﻟﻨﺬﺭﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﺘﻠﻚ ﻓﺮﻳﻀﺔ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻼ )ﲟﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ‪..(٤‬‬ ‫‪ -١٧٦٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻟﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﶈﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﺒﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﻄﻴﺐ ﻧﺎﺳ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﳊﺮﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺟﺎﻫ ﹰ‬
‫ﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺰﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻓﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻏﺴﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﻪ‪ ..‬ﻭﺟﺒﺖ)‪ (٥‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪-‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ‪-‬‬
‫)‪.(٦‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٦٦‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﰊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﳉﻌﺮﺍﻧﺔ ﻓﺄﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﻐﺴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮﺓ ﻭﻧﺰﻉ ﺍﳉﺒﺔ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٦٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰ ﹸﻇ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﻧﺎﺳ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺟﺎﻫ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -١٧٦٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺎﺯﻉ ﺍﻟﻈﻔﺮ ﺃﺗﻠﻒ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻼ ]ﻛﺎﻥ[ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺎ ﹰﳌﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻄﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺑﺲ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻠﻔﺎ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫ﺟﺰﺍﺅﻩ؛ ﺟﺎﻫ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺎﺳ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﳊﺮﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺗﻼﻑ‪ ..‬ﻏﺮﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﲑ‬
‫‪ -١٧٦٩‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﰲ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺟﺎﻫ ﹰ‬
‫ﺇﺗﻼﻑ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪/.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٧٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (١١‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﺎﱂ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺞ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﱠﻞ ﰲ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻛﺈﻫﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‪،(١٥٥٦) ،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺞ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﻫﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪.(١٢٥٠) ، ‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣١٢/٣‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٢٣٩/٧‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٤٠/٧‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٢٣/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٤/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺪﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺟﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٨٦-٣٨٥/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٦٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﺴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٨٦-٣٨٥/٣‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٣٦٢/٧‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٦٤/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٨٦-٣٨٥/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٦٥/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٥٦٣‬‬

‫ﻍ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﳋ ‪‬ﺰ ﻭﺍﳊﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻲ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺛﻮ ﹴ‬

‫ﺏ ﻣﺼﺒﻮ ﹴ‬ ‫‪ -١٧٧١‬ﻭﺗﻠﺒﺲ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹸﺓ ﺍﶈﺮﻣ ﹸﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ﻭﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺒﻮ ﹰﻏﺎ ﺑﻄﻴﺐ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٧٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻛﺘﺤﻠﺖ‪ (٥)/‬ﺑﻜﺤﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻃﻴﺐ‪ ..‬ﺍﻓﺘﺪﺕ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٧٣‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﰲ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻓﻌﺎ ﹰﻻ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﺧﻔﲔ ﻭﺛﻮ‪‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺒﻮ ﹰﻏﺎ ﺑﻄﻴﺐ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺫﺍ‬‫ﺼﺎ ﻭﻋﻤﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺳﺮﺍﻭﻳ ﹰ‬
‫ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ؛ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﺒﺲ ﻗﻤﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ)‪.(٧‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٣٨٦/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٣٧٤-٣٧١/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٦٨/٣‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٢٨١/٧‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٨٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٨٦‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٣٧٥/٣‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻃﻴﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻜﺮﻩ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺯﻳﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٩٤/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٩٨‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻟﺒﺲ ﺛﻮﺏ ﻣﺼﺒﻮﻍ ﺑﻄﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٩١/٧‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻟﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﺍﳌﻄﻴﺐ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﺒﺲ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٣٩١/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٧١/٣‬‬
‫ﻭﳏﻠﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺘﺨﻠﻠﻪ ﺗﻜﻔﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻭﺟﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺜﺎﱐ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٩١/٧‬‬
‫ﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺍﶈﻈﻮﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﶈﻈﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﺇﱃ‪ -١ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﻛﺎﳊﻠﻖ‪ -٢ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺘﺎﻉ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﻄﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺑﺎﺷﺮ ﳏﻈﻮﺭﻳﻦ ﻓﻠﻪ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻛﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺘﺎﻋ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺘﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺪﺕ ﲨﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺳﺒ ﹴ‬
‫ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪﺍﺧﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻛﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﺻﻴﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﺻﻴﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ..‬ﺗﻌﺪﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﻏﲑ ﺻﻴﺪ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻮﻋﻬﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﺗﻌﺪﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺇﻥ ﻟﺒﺲ ﺛﻮﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻄﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺎﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ؛ ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﺗﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﲢﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺇﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﺘﺘﻌﺪﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻛﹰﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﲢﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺇﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﲣﻠﻞ ﺗﻜﻔﲑ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﺘﻌﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺘﺨﻠﻞ ﺗﻜﻔﲑ ﻓﺘﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻟﺒﺲ ﻭﺗﻄﻴﺐ ﻓﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻭﺟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺧﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ‪ ..‬ﺗﻌﺪﺩﺕ ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‪ .‬ﺍ‪.‬ﻫـ ﻣﻠﺨﺼ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٧٢-١٧٠/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٩٥-٣٩٣/٧‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٥٦٤‬‬

‫‪ -١٧٧٤‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺲ؛ ﻓﻠﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺳﺮﺍﻭﻳ ﹶﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ]ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺁﺧﺮ[ ‪‬ﻋﻤﺎﻣ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﻏﺪ‬
‫ﺼﺎ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺁﺧﺮ)‪ ..(١‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻏﲑ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻴ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٧٥‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻮ)‪ (٣‬ﺗﻄﻴﺐ ﰲ ﻓﻮﺭﻩ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺟﺴﺪﻩ ﺑﺄﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻕ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٧٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻓﻌﻠﲔ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﲔ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻠﻖ‬
‫ﺼﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻏﲑ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ‬‫ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﺃﻭ)‪ (٦‬ﻳﻘﺺ ﻇﻔﺮﻩ)‪ (٧‬ﻭﻳﺘﻄﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﳛﻠﻖ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻭﻳﻠﺒﺲ ﻗﻤﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٧٧‬ﻭﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ]ﺓ[‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻓﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٧٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﺣﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻃﻴﺐ؛ ﻓﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﻄﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (١٠‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺮﺓ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﳋﺺ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ (٥٢٣/١‬ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺘﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﶈﻈﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺘﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ ﺑﺎﲢﺎﺩﻫﺎ‪ -‬ﺇﻻ ﺇﻥ ﺍﲢﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‪ ...‬ﻭﺍﲢﺪ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﺨﻠﻞ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺗﻜﻔﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﳑﺎ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﲟﺜ ﹴﻞ ﺃﻭ ﳓﻮﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﺘﺘﺤﺪ‬
‫ﻉ ﰒ ﺟﺎﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺍﲢﺎﺩ؛ ﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻪ ﲜﻤﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻌﺪ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﺧﺼﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻧﻌﻢ ﻟﻮ ﺃﻓﺴﺪ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺐ"‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٩٨‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٩١/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﱂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٩١/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﳊﻠﻖ ﻭﻗﻠﻢ ﺍﻷﻇﻔﺎﺭ‪ ..‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(٢٩٦/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(٩٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺣﻠﻖ ﻭﺗﻄﻴﺐ ﻋﺎﻣﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺪﻳﺘﺎﻥ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ٣٩٠/٧‬ﻭ‪.(٣٩٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﺒﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﻦ ﻟﺒﺲ ﺛﻮﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺼﺒﻮﻏﹰﺎ ﺑﻄﻴﺐ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺲ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ ﺗﺘﻌﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺃ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺣﱴ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﻣﻨﻔﺼ ﹰ‬
‫ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ٣٩١/٧‬ﻭ‪.(٣٩٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٥٦٥‬‬

‫‪ -١٧٧٩‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺲ‪.(٢)/‬‬
‫ﺍﳍﺪﻱ ﺇﻻ ﲟﻜﺔ)‪(٤‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﳓﺮ ﻫﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٨٠‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺬﺑﺢ ﺍﶈﺼﺮ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ‬
‫ﲟﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٨١‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺞ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﺤﺮ ﲟﻜﺔ؛ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺻﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺪﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺫﻯ ﻭﻣﺎ)‪ (٧‬ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻪ)‪.(٩)(٨‬‬
‫ﺐ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٨٢‬ﻭﻳﺒﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﶈﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٨٣‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﶈﺮ ﹺﻡ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺷﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﳊﻼﻝﹺ؛ ﻷَﻥ ﺷﻌﺮﻩ ﻏﲑ ﳑﻨﻮﻉ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﺩﻭﺍﺏ‬
‫ﺭﺃﺳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ ﻭﻻ ﳛﻠﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻳﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺰ ﺍﶈﺮ ‪‬ﻡ)‪ (١٢‬ﻭﻻ ﺍﳊﻼ ﹸﻝ‪/‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٨٤‬ﻭﻻ ﺧﲑ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‪/٩٠)/‬ﺏ( ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺳﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ)‪.(١٤‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٢٤/٣‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﻭﻱ ﲟﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻃﻴﺐ ﻳﺴﺘﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٨٩‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺬﺑﺢ ﻏﲑ ﺍﶈﺼﺮ ﺑﻌﺪﻭ‪...‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٦٤/٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪" :(٢٥٦‬ﻭﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺮ ﺍﳊﺮﻡ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺭ"‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪١٧٥/٣‬‬
‫ﻭ‪.(١٨٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺞ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺮ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺤﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﲟﲏ‪.(١٧١١ ،١٧١٠) ،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺞ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺣﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪.(١٢١٨) ، ‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺮﻡ ﲟﻜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﻓﺪﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺷﺒﻬﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٧١/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٠٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٨٧/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" (٩٩‬ﻭﻳﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ" ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٢٩٤/٧‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٣٠/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٩٩‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٦٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٨٧‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٣٠/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٩٩‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٣٦٥/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٦٦/٧‬‬
‫‪ ٥٦٦‬‬

‫‪ -١٧٨٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ ﻧﺎﺋﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺤ ﱡﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٨٦‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﳊﺞ‪ ..‬ﺣ ﱠﻞ ﲟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﰲ ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪﻣ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٨٧‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﳍﺪ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻟﻌﻤﺮﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺴﺨﻪ‬ ‫‪ -١٧٨٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺭ‪‬ﻧﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﺪﻳﺎﻥ؛ ﻫﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻓﺎﺗﻪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٨٩‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ)‪ (٩‬ﺣﺞ ﻭﻋﻤﺮﺓ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٩٠‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻑ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻬﺎﺭﺓ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﶈﻠﻮﻕ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ :‬ﲡﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻼﻝ )ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻖ(‪ ،‬ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﲡﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ )ﺍﶈﻠﻮﻕ( ﰒ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻖ‪ ،‬ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٣٠/٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (٢٧٣/٤‬ﻭﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٣٧/٣‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٦٧/٧‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(٩٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻣﻜﺮﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﺭﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻼﻝ ﺑﻔﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺼﺪﻕ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻓﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺖ ﰲ ﲰﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﻨﻪ ﰒ ﺧﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﺘﺪﻱ ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﶈﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﲟﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻨﺎ ًﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﶈﻠﻮﻕ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﳍﺪﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ؛‬
‫ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻖ ﺑﺄﻗﻠﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٧٠/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٣٣/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٤١٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ٢٧٣/٨‬ﻭ‪.(٢٧٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ :‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺠﻴﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺕ ﻭﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺗﺄﺧﲑﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﲡﻮﺯ ﺇﺭﺍﻗﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪(٢٧٥/٨‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٨٧-١٨٦/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻫﺪﻳ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻀﺤﻴﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺪﻳ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٤٠٣/٣‬ﻭ‪.(٤٢١‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٢٦/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١١/٧‬‬
 ‫‪٥٦٧‬‬

‫‪ -١٧٩١‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﻃﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻑ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺘﻮﺿﺊ ﺃﻭ ﺟﻨ‪‬ﺒﺎ)‪ (٤‬ﻭﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻼﺩﻩ‪ ..‬ﺃﻣﺴﻚ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﻼ ﹰﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ]ﺷﻲ[ ﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻓﺪﺧﻠﻬﺎ)‪ (٥‬ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻃﺎﻑ)‪ (٦‬ﺳﺒ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﻭﺳﻌﻰ ﺳﺒ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٩٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٨‬ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﺔ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻃﻮﺍﻓﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﻃﻮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻮﺍﻓﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺣﲔ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭﻃﻮﺍﻑ‬
‫‪ -١٧٩٣‬ﻭﻃﻮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺭﺓ ﳚﺰﺉ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﺰﺉ ﻃﻮﺍﻑ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ]ﻣﻦ[ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻤﻞ ﺍﳊﺞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫‪ -١٧٩٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﲝﺠﺘﲔ ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺞ ﰒ ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺁﺧﺮ‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ﹺﻬ ﱞﻞ ﲝﺞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ)‪ ،(١٤‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﳊﺞ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻞ)‪ ،(١٦)(١٥‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻴﻢ ﺣﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻣﺎ)‪.(١٧‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٤٥٤/٣‬ﻭ‪ ٤٥٦‬ﻭ‪ (٥٤٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٠/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻃﻮﺍﻑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺟﻨﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺪﺧﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺣﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻄﺎﻑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٤٥٦/٣‬ﻭ‪.(٤٥٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺗﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ" ‪ .‬ﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﻕ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٣٢١/٣‬ﻟﻮ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺃﻫﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻣ ﹺﻲ ﻭﺍﳊﻼ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٥٦٨-٥٦٧/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻫﻞ ﻃﻮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﺟﺐ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺷﺎﺫ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٦/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٦/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٥/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٣٧/٣‬ﲝﺮﻭﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ‪‬ﺫ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺑﺘﻮﺳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٣٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳛﺞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ ١٥٣ :٣٨٣/١‬ﻭ‪ (١٥٤‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪.(١٧٤/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٣٣٨/٣‬‬
‫‪ ٥٦٨‬‬

‫‪ -١٧٩٥‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘ ‪‬ﺞ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﻬ ﱡﻞ ﺑﺎﳊ ‪‬ﺞ ﰲ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﺃﹶﺷﻬ ﹺﺮ ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﺞ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﹰﺓ)‪ ،(١‬ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ﹺﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟﻠﻈﻬ ﹺﺮ ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍ ﹺﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﻧﺎﻓﻠﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﷲ‪$ :‬ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻬ ﱡﻞ ﺑﺎﳊﺞ‪ ‬ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺃﹶﺷ ‪‬ﻬ ﹺﺮ ﺍﳊﺞ‪.(٣)#‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٩٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٤‬ﺣﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻭ)‪ (٥‬ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺇﺫﻥ )ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻭﺳﻴﺪﻩ‪ ..(٦‬ﻓﻬﻤﺎ)‪ (٧‬ﻛﺎﶈﺼﺮ ﺑﻌﺪﻭ)‪(٨‬؛‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﳊﻼﻕ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳍﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻮﻣﻪ‪ (٩)/‬ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎ ﹶﺓ ﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢ)‪ (١٠‬ﰒ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﻃﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﰒ‬
‫ﻳﺼﻮ ‪‬ﻡ )ﻋﻦ ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ‪ (١١‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ)‪.(١٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣١٧/٣‬ﻭ‪ ٣٣٨‬ﻭ‪ (٣٨٧‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٦٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٣٣/٧‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﺣﺴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺣﺴﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ‪ : ‬ﻓﺮﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٨٧/٣‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ ،(٧٧٨/٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ‬
‫)‪ ،(٢٣٤/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ ،(٣٤٣/٤‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪.(٤٣/٧‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ‪ : ‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﺃﺟﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﺪﺗﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ ،(٧٧٧/٣‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﳝﺔ )‪ (١٦٢/٤‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ (٤٤٨/١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ ،(٣٤٣/٤‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺮﻯ )‪ ،(٨/٤‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ )‪ ،(٢٣٤-٢٣٣/٢‬ﻭﻋﻠﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫)‪ (١٤١/٢‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺞ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪  :‬ﺍﳊﺞ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﻭﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﲟﻨﻌﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﲤﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ )‪" :(٢٧٨/٣‬ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻋﻪ ﻳﺘﻢ" ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ .(١٠٨‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪ (٤١/٧‬ﻭ)‪.(٣٠٧/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٨٨‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﳘﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻜﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٢٧٨/٣‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ...‬ﺷﺎﺓ ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﻃﻌﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﻳﺼﻮﻡ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺪ ﻳﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﳛﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﳛﻞ ﻭﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻌﺘﻖ ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﺎﺓ" ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﺢ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ )‪ (٢٩٧/٣‬ﻭﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪" :‬ﺃﻭﱃ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﲟﺬﻫﺒﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻞ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻈﻠﻢ ﻣﻮﻻﻩ ﺑﻐﻴﺒﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﻨﻊ ﺧﺪﻣﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﻋﺘﻖ‪ ..‬ﺃﻫﺮﺍﻕ ﺩﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ"‪.‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٥٦٩‬‬

‫‪ -١٧٩٧‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺪﻱ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳚﺪ)‪ ،(١‬ﺇﻻ ﻫﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﻭﻓﺪﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺫﻯ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٧٩٨‬ﻭ)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺘﻄﻮﻋﺔ‪ ..‬ﺷﺎﺓ ﻫﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺼﲑ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺟ‪‬ﺒﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻌﻬﺎ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻼ ﳛﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻓ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻭ)‪ (٧‬ﻣﺎﺕ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻟﻘﻮﻝ‬
‫‪ -١٧٩٩‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ /‬ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺣﲔ ﺳﺄﻟﺘﻪ ﺍﳋﺜﻌﻤﻴﺔ »ﺇﻥ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺦ ﻛﺒﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺞ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﺘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻓﺄﺣﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ؟« ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ : ‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪.(٩)#‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﺤﻠﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﲢﻠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٣٠٥/٨‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٤٥/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٧٨/٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٧٣/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٨٦/٣‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٨٤/٣‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻫﻮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٠٨/٨‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٢٩٣/٣‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﻫﻠﺖ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺇﺫﻧﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲣﻠﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪...‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﻤﻦ ﺃﺣﺼﺮ؛ ﻓﺘﺬﺑﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ"‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ )‪:(٢٩٤/٣‬‬
‫"ﻭﺃﺣﺐ ﻟﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﳝﻨﻌﻬﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺟﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﳝﻨﻌﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺩﻯ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻪ ﺇﻳﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﻄﻮﻋ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻪ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺻﺮﻳﺢ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﰲ )‪ ،(٢٩٧/٣‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ ،(١٠٨‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﺭ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٠٧/٨‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻓﺘﺪ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﺃﻓﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪) :‬ﺍﻓﺘﺪ( ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﺮﻡ‪ .‬ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٥٠٥/٨‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﺃ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟ ﹶﻔ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺪ‪ :‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٧٩/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٠٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺞ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﳊﺞ ﻭﻓﻀﻠﻪ‪ ،(١٥١٣) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺞ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺞ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺟﺰ ﻟﺰﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﻫﺮﻡ ﻭﳓﻮﳘﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺕ‪.(١٣٣٥ :٩٧٣/٢) ،‬‬
‫‪ ٥٧٠‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א‪%k3 sq‬א‡= ‬

‫‪ -١٨٠٠‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ)‪ (١‬ﺍﳊﺞ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺓ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٠١‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺞ ﺇﻻ ﻛﻤﺎ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳊﺞ؛ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻤﻲ ﺃﺷﻬ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺟ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﻣﻌﻠﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪ -١٨٠٢‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﳚﻮﺯ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻠﺪﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻴﻘﺎﺗﻪ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ‪ ..‬ﻳﺸﺮﻉ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺣﲔ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺎﻃﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻀﻤﻮ‪‬ﻧﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻀﻲ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﳊﺞ)‪ (٧‬ﺑﻌﺪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٠٧/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (١٠٦/٧‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﺃﺟﺮﺓ ﺍﳊﺞ ﺣﻼﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻃﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﺳﺐ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٠٧/٣‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻻﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍ‪‬ﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ )‪" :(٣١٨/٣‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﺄﺟﺮ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺭﺟﻼ‪...‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻓﺤﺞ ﰲ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻻﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﲟﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(١٠٥‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﳛﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ...‬ﺇﻻ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﳛﺮﻡ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫ﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(١٠٩/٧‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﲔ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼﻑ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻟﻺﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﻭﻗﺘ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻀﺒﻮﻃﹰﺎ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻮ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺀ ﺑﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻮﺽ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺼﺢ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍ‪‬ﻬﻮﻝ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪(١٨/٣‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ )‪ (٢٣٥/٤‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﺍﳍﻴﺘﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻳﻀﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪.(١٢٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪. :‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪) :‬ﻭﻳﻘﻀﻲ( ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺗﻘﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬ﻭﻳﻘﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﻝ ﺣﺮﻓﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﺠﺎﺭ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ‪-‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﺞ‪ -‬ﻧﻮﻋﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺌﺠﺎﺭ ﻋﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺌﺠﺎﺭ ﺫﻣﺘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺇﻟﺰﺍﻡ ﺫﻣﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺞ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﻀﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺄﺟﺮﺗﻚ ﻟﺘﺤﺞ ﻋﲏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﻟﺰﻣﺖ ﺫﻣﺘﻚ ﲢﺼﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻔﺘﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻋﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺌﺠﺎﺭ ﻋﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ‪ ..‬ﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺇﻻ ﺇﻥ ﻋﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻭﺍﳊﺞ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﻭﺭ‪‬ﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻸﺟﲑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺇﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﺔ‪ ..‬ﳚﻮﺯ ﺗﻌﻴﲔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻨﻴﺐ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ .‬ﺍ‪.‬ﻫـ ﻣﻠﺨﺼ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪(١٠٦/٧‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٩-١٨/٣‬ﻭﻏﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﲑ )ﺹ‪.(١٩١-١٩٠‬‬
 ‫‪٥٧١‬‬

‫‪ -١٨٠٣‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﳚﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻌﻄﻰ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﻓﻴﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺞ ﻋﻦ ﻓﻼﻥ ‪‬ﻭﭐ ﹾﻛ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﺮ)‪ (١‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻧﻔﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻘﻲ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮﺩ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺧﺴﺮﺕ)‪ ..(٢‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻨﺎ)‪.(٤)/(٣‬‬
‫‪] -١٨٠٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺣﺞ ﲟﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺃﺟﺮﺓ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺞ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺠﻮﺝ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ)‪.[(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٠٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺑﺎﳊﺞ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺞ ]ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ[‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺑﺄﻗﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ)‪(٦‬؛‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻗﺪ ﺻﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﻮﺭﺛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻮﻗﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ)‪ (٧‬ﻭﺻﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﻻ ﳜﺮﺝ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﺎ ﳚﺰﺉ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫ﱂ ﳛﺞ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻮﺹ)‪ ..(١١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ)‪ (١‬ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﳑﻦ ﳛﺞ‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٠٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻴﻘﺎﺗﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻛﺘﺮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﺧﺴﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲰﻮﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺟﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻍ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﺧﲑﺓ )‪(١٩٤/٣‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﻫﺐ ﺍﳉﻠﻴﻞ )‪ .(٥٢٢/٣‬ﻏﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﲑ )ﺹ‪.(٢٠٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﻮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ )‪ (٢٣٦/٤‬ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻔﻈﻪ ﲝﺮﻭﻓﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺗﺼﺤﻔﺖ ﰲ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ )ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ﹾﻛ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﺮ( ﺇﱃ )ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٨٩‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٢١/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٨/٣‬ﻏﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﲑ )ﺹ‪ .(٢٠٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﻟﻮ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺇﺟﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺭﺯﻗﹰﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺘﺠﻮﺯ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" (١٨/٣‬ﻭﳚﻮﺯ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺯﻕ ﻛﻤﺎ ﳚﻮﺯ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﺟﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺣﺞ ﻋﲏ ﻭﺃﻋﻄﻴﻚ ﻧﻔﻘﺘﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﺄﺟﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﱂ ﺗﺼﺢ ﳉﻬﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻛﺸﻲ‪" :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﻕ ﻭﺍﻷﺟﺮﺓ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﻕ ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻏﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﲑ )‪ (٢٠٩‬ﻧﻘ ﹰ‬
‫ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺘﻪ ﻓﻴﺪﻓﻌﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻭﻳﻨﻘﺺ ﺑﻜﺜﺮﺓ ﻋﻴﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﻗﻠﺘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻷﺟﺮﺓ ﻓﻬﻲ‪ :‬ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻘﺪﺭ ﻗﺼﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺯﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳉﻌﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻌﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﻕ ﺗﱪﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺒﲔ؛ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺯﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻘﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﲞﻼﻑ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﳉﻌﺎﻟﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٣١٨/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺻﻴﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳜﺮﺝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻮﺻﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٥٧٢‬‬

‫ﺠﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻤﺮﺓ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳚﻌﻠﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫‪ -١٨٠٧‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﺒﻰ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻡ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٠٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻧﻮﻯ‪ (٤)/‬ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﰒ ﻧﺴﻴﻪ)‪ ..(٥‬ﻗﺮﻥ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٠٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺇﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺇﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﻓﻼﻥ« ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻠﺒﻴﺘﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﻓﻼﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٨١٠‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺇﺣﺮﺍﻣﻪ‪ ..‬ﻗﺮﻥ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٨١١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻛﻠﺒﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻞ ﻓﺎﺻﻄﺎﺩﻩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮﻡ ﻓﺎﺻﻄﺎﺩﻩ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻳﻔﺪﻳﻪ)‪(٩) (٨‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫ﳑﻨﻮﻉ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٨١٢‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺳﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻞ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﺻﺎﺏ)‪ (١٠‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ ﰲ‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪
        :‬‬ ‫؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﺰﺍﺅﻩ‬
‫]ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪.[٩٤ :‬‬
‫‪ -١٨١٣‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ)‪ (١٣‬ﻷﺣﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ‪/٩١)/‬ﺏ( ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﻴ ‪‬ﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٩٦/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣١١/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٩٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣١٥/٣‬ﻭ‪ ٣١٦‬ﻭ‪ (٥٢٥‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٣٩-٢٣٨/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٨٩‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻧﺴﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٢٥/٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٩٧‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٤١/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٢٣٩/٧‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٤٢-٢٤١/٧‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(٢٤٢/٧‬ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﲔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﺤﺮﻯ ﲝﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﻮﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ ﳜﺎﻟﻔﻪ"‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺑﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﺍﻓﻘﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪].‬ﺯ[‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٤٥/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺄﺻﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٤٤٦/٧‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﻭﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ" ﰒ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﺰﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲡﻮﺯ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٥٧٣‬‬

‫‪ -١٨١٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺎ)‪ ..(٣‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ)‪ (٤‬ﺣﱴ ﳚﺘﻤﻌﺎﻥ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١٨١٥‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ )ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪  (٥‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ‪ ..‬ﺍﻛﺘﻔﻲ ﲝﻜﻤﻬﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﱂ ﳛﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﲟﻜﺔ ﰲ ﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -١٨١٦‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧ ﹸﺔ ﲟﻜﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﻃﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﺔ ﲟﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﻳﺼﻮﻡ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺷﺎﺀ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٨١٧‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳊﻼﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﳕﺎ)‪ (٩‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺇﻻ ﲪﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺔ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻳﻬﺪﺭ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻴﻪ)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﲪﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻫﺪﺭ ﻭﻋﺐ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٨١٨‬ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺎﻡ ﻳﻘﺘﻠﻪ ﺍﳊﻼﻝ ﲟﻜﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ ﲟﻜﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺷﺎﺓ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫‪] -١٨١٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ [:‬ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺭﺍﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٢٠‬ﺃ(‪ -‬ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﻋﺪﻭ؛ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﺣﺼﺮ ﺑﻌﺪﻭ ]ﻭ[ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟﺎﺀ)‪ (١‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﻴﺔ)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﻣﺴﻚ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺣﻼﻝ)‪،(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(٤٣٠/٧‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ‪ ..‬ﻓﲑﺟﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻋﺪﻟﲔ ﻓﻄﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﻛﻮ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻓﻘﻴﻬﲔ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺃﻋﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﱪ ﺷﺮﻋ‪‬ﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺇﻥ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺻﺤﺎﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺪﻻﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ ﺃﻭ ﳑﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﻢ‪ ..‬ﺍﺗﺒﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻻ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﲢﻜﻴﻢ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٢٩/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻃﻌﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٧٩/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٢٨-٤٢٧/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻮﺭ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٥٠٢/٣‬ﻭ‪ ،(٥٣٥‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٣٠/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﺴﻤﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٣٥/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٣٠/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٥٠٣/٣‬ﻭ‪ ٥٠٦‬ﻭ‪ (٥٣٥‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٣٠/٧‬‬
‫‪ ٥٧٤‬‬

‫‪ -١٨٢١‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﺣﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ)‪ ..(٥‬ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻓﺘﺪﻯ)‪.(٦‬‬

‫‪ -١٨٢٢‬ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻨﻪ)‪ (٧‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺫﻯ ﳑﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﺔ‪) ..‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﹾﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺪﻯ‪ ،(٩)(٨‬ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٢٣‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﻳﺲ)‪ (١١‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ‪ ..‬ﺫﺑﺢ ﻭﺣﻠﻖ ﻭﺣﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٤٠٥/٣‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﺣﺼﺮ ﻗﻮﻡ ﺑﻌﺪﻭ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻘﻴﻤﲔ ﲟﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺣﺼﺮﻭﺍ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﻳﺆﻣﻞ ﺍﻧﺼﺮﺍﻓﻬﻢ ﻭﻳﺄﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﺃﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺼﺮﻑ ﺃﻳﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺍﻧﺼﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﻧﺼﺮﺍﻑ ﰒ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﺣﻼﻟﻪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻧﺼﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻨﺼﺮﻓﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻭﻧﻪ ﰒ ﻳﻨﺼﺮﻓﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﺮﺍﺳﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺩﻧﺘﻬﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(٢٨٦/٧‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻭﺍﺳﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﺗﺄﺧﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻞ؛ ﻓﻠﻌﻠﻪ ﻳﺰﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﻊ ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﳊﺞ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺃﺳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٤٠٠/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻓﺘﺪﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٠٠/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٨٧/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٤٠٧/٣‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻟﺰﻣﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٩٨/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺄﺱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٩٩/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ٢٩٤-٢٩٣/٧‬ﻭ‪ (٢٩٦‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ )‪" :(٢٩٦/٧‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﲢﻠﻞ ﺍﶈﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﻭﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﻜﻪ ﺗﻄﻮﻋ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺗﻄﻮﻋ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻧﻈﺮ؛ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺟﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ‪‬ﺍ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺬﺭ ﻭﺣﺠﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮ ﻭﺟﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ..‬ﺑﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺏ ﰲ ﺫﻣﺘﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻓﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺟﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺣﺠﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺳﲏ ﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﺳﻘﻄﺖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺣﺞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﲡﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻮ ﲢﻠﻞ ﺑﺎﻹﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﰒ ﺯﺍﻝ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﻭﺃﻣﻜﻨﻪ ﺍﳊﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺘﻪ‪ ..‬ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺧﺮ ﺍﳊﺞ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳊﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺧﻲ"‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٥٧٥‬‬

‫‪ -١٨٢٤‬ﺏ(‪ -‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺣﺼﺮ ﲟﺮﺽ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻄﺄ)‪ (١‬ﻋﺪ ‪‬ﺩ)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻭ‪ (٣)/‬ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻘﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺣﺮﺍﻣﻪ ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﻳﻄﻮﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻭﻳﺴﻌﻰ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﻭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﲟﺎ ﺃﺣﺮﻡ ﺑﻪ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺣﺎ ‪‬ﺟﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳍﺪﻱ ﳌﺎ ﻓﺎﺗﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٢٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺻﻴ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪ (٦‬ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪ (٧‬ﺃﻭ)‪ (٨‬ﺧﻄﹰﺄ‪ ..‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮﺓ)‪.(٩‬‬

‫‪ -١٨٢٦‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪]  ¸¶  ´  :(١٠) ‬ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪.[٩٥ :‬‬

‫‪ -١٨٢٧‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ‪]  P  O N M L K  J :‬ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ ،[٩٦ :‬ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ‬

‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺄ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﳑﻨﻮﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳑﻨﻮ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٩٠‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٠٩-٤٠٨/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٠١/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٤١٠/٣‬ﻭ‪ ٤١٢‬ﻭ‪.(٤١٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺘﺎﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻄﹰﺄ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٦٥/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣١٦/٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻴﺪ‪ ..‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮﺓ ﲜﺰﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٦٩/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪٣٩٤/٧‬‬
‫ﻭ‪.(٤٢٤‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٦٦-٤٦٥/٣‬ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺗﻐﺮﱘ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺎﺩ ﺧﻄﹰﺄ‪:‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻄﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺳﺌﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﺧﻄﺄ ﺃﻳﻐﺮﻡ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﱢﻈ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺣﺮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﷲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻀﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ"‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٥٧٦‬‬

‫ ]ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ ..[٩٥ :‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‪ -١٨٢٨‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ :(١) ‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ (٢) ‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ‪]  

  :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،[٩٣ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١٨٢٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ /‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ‪ ..‬ﳛﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲟﺜﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﻐ ‪‬ﲑﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﺼﻐ ‪‬ﲑﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺒ ‪‬ﲑﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﺒ ‪‬ﲑﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻋﻮﺭ‪ ..‬ﻓﺄﻋﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻔﺪﻯ)‪ (٤‬ﲟﺜﻠﻪ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻤﺜﻠﻪ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٣٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺎﺧ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﻣﺎﺧﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺎﺧﺾ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺋﻞ‪..‬‬ ‫‪ -١٨٣١‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪] :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ[ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﺸﺎﺓ‪/‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﺼﺪﻕ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﺎ‬
‫ﺡ ﺻﻴ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻓﺎﻣﺘﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﺃﺣﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﺪﻱ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺻﺤﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٣٢‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺟﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٨‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﳝﺘﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ]ﻩ[ ﻭﺃﺧﺬﻩ)‪ (٩‬ﻓﺤﺒﺴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺼﺢ ﻭﳝﺘﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻣﻨﻘﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ)‪ (١٠‬ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﻘﺼﻪ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ)‪ (١١‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﻣﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﺼﻪ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻔﺪﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٥١٧/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٣٢-٥٣١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٤٣١/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٥٩/٣‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﻳﺘﺼﺪﻕ ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻃﻌﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺼﻮﻡ"‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٤٣٣/٧‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ‬ ‫)‪" (٦‬ﻭﻻ ﻧﺬﺑﺢ ﺍﳊﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ ﺣﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٦٠/٣‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٥٣٢/٣‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻇﺒﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺎﺧﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺷﺎﺓ ﻣﺎﺧﺾ ﻳﺘﺼﺪﻕ ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﱐ ﻟﻮ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﺫﺑﺢ ﺷﺎﺓ ﻣﺎﺧﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺷﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺎﺓ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺎﺧﺾ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻛﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﳍﻢ‪..‬‬
‫ﱂ ﺃﺯﺩﺩ ﳍﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﲏ ﺃﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﳍﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻄﻴﻬﻤﻮﻩ ﻃﻌﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٩٠‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺄﺧﺬﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٥٧٧‬‬

‫ﺍﳉﺮﺡ)‪ (١‬ﻭﻳﺘﺼﺪﻕ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﳛﺒﺴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﻴﻘﻦ ﺍﻣﺘﻨﺎﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﻛﻪ ﻏﲑ ﳑﺘﻨﻊ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﺪﻳﻪ)‪.(٣)(٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٣٣‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻄﲑ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﺘﻒ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺴﺮ ﺟﻨﺎﺣﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻧﺘﻒ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺟﺮﺣﻪ ﺟﺮ ‪‬ﺣﺎ ﳝﺘﻨﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﺼﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺟﺮﺣﻪ ﺟﺮ ‪‬ﺣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻱ‪ (٤)/‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺮﺣﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﻏﺮﻡ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﻴﻘﻦ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٣٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﺻﻄﺎﺩ ﺻﻴ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﻼﻝ ﻓﺄﺣﺮﻡ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﻪ ﰒ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺫﲝﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٣٥‬ﻭﻟﻮ)‪ (٨‬ﻭﻫﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺣﻼ ﹲﻝ ﺻﻴ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻭﻫﻮ ﳏﺮﻡ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻪ)‪ (٩‬ﰒ ﺭﺩﻩ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻓﺬﲝﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (١٠) -١٨٣٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻭﻫﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺣﻼ ﹲﻝ ﺻﻴ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻡ ﻓﺄﻣﺴﻜﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺣﻞ ﰒ ﺫﲝﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻇﺒﻴ ﹰﺔ)‪ (١٢‬ﻓﺘﻠﺪ ﺃﻭ‬
‫‪ -١٨٣٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺻﻴ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻗﺪ ﺷﺮﻙ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﻧﺴﻲ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨـﺰﻭﺍ ﺗﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻏﺰﺍ ﹲﻝ ﺷﺎ ﹰﺓ ﻓﺘﻠﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﺪﻳﻪ)‪(١‬؛ ﻻﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺍﳊﻼﻝ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻞ ﻣﻦ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﳊﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺆﻛﻞ ﳊﻤﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٥١٥/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٩١‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻔﺪﻳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٥١٥-٥١٤/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٣٣٠/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٥٠/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻟﻌﻠﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺒﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺛﻨﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻃﻴﺒﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٥٧٨‬‬

‫‪ -١٨٣٨‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﻛﻞ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﳊﻢ ﺻﻴﺪ)‪ (٤‬ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺼﺪﻩ)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﺼﺎﺩ ﻟﻪ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٣٩‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺄﻛﻞ ﺣﻼﻝ ﻭﻻ ﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﺻﻴ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺫﲝﻪ ﳏﺮﻡ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٤٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺣﺮﻡ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺻﻴﺪ ﻗﺪ ﺧﻠﻔﻪ ﰲ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ‪/٩٢)/‬ﺏ( ﻓﺬﲝﻪ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ)‪(٨‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﻘﺘﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺇﺳﺎﺭﻩ)‪ (٩‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﳏﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻮ‪‬ﺗﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺤ ﱠﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﺄﻛﻠﻪ)‪(١٢‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﺻﻄﻴﺎﺩﻩ)‪ (١٣‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﻼﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻢ)‪ (١١‬ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٤١‬ﻭﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ ﻟﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺣﺮﻡ‪ ..‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺳﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻴﺪ)‪.(١٤‬‬
‫ﺳﻬ ‪‬ﻤﺎ)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳊ ﱢﻞ ﻓﺄﺻﺎﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻞ ﻭﲢﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫)‪(١٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٤٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺭﻣﻰ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮﻡ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺆﻛﻞ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺐ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥١٨/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣١١/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺼﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٣٦/٣‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٢٠/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺫﺑﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﻣﻴﺘﺔ؛ ﰲ ﺣﻖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﰲ ﺣﻖ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ﺣﻖ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻴﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬
‫ﲢﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٢٢-٣٢١/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٣١-٣٣٠/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻳﻀﻤﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻳﻀﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪.(٢٠٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺳﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﲢﻠﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٣٣١/٧‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻳﻀﺎﺡ‬
‫)ﺹ‪.(٢٠٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺻﻄﺎﺩﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﺣﺮﻡ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻟﺼﻴﺪ‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻫﻞ ﻳﺰﻭﻝ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ؟ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٥٠/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٣٣٠/٧‬ﺍﻹﻳﻀﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪.(٢٠٥‬‬
‫ﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
 ‫‪٥٧٩‬‬

‫‪ -١٨٤٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺳ ﹶﻞ ﻛﻠﺒ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻞ ﻓﻠﺠﺄ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺮﻡ ﻓﺎﺗﺒﻌﻪ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺐ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻡ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺆﻛﻞ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺪﻩ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺐ ﻓﻌﻞ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٤٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﺭﻣﻰ ﺑﺴﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻞ ﻓﺘﺤﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻢ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮﻡ‪ ..‬ﻭﺩﺍﻩ)‪.(٧) (٦‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٤٥‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ..(٨)/‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﱠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٤٦‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﱠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺤﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٤٧‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﻚ ﲝ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﱠﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺎﺫﻯ ﺍﳉﺤﻔﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪Z4cZ4c6 P‬א‡=‪ E٩F‬‬

‫‪ -١٨٤٨‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﱠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﹸﻠﻴﻔﺔ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﺤﻔﹶﺔ)‪.(١١‬‬‫‪ -١٨٤٩‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﹸ‬
‫ﳉ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٥٠‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﻚ ﲝ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ )ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ()‪ (١٢‬ﺃﻫﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺎﺫﻯ ﺍﳉﺤﻔﺔ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻣﻌﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻢ ﻛﻠ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﺗﺒﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٤٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٤٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺃﻋﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺘﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٩٢‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺑﻜﺎﻣﻠﻪ ﻭﲝﺮﻭﻓﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﲑ ﻣﻮﺟﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٧٥-٥٧١/٣‬ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳊﺞ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﱂ ﺃﻋﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﻮﺿﻨﺎ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﻞ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ‪$‬ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ،#‬ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‪ ..‬ﺃﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻌﻘﻮﻓﺘﲔ ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻬﻤﺎ ﺣﺮﻡ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ‪] ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ[)ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٤٨/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٧١‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (١٩٦/٧‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٠٠/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٤٨/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٧١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٠٠/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺳﺎﺣﻞ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ :(٥٧١/٣‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٥٨٠‬‬

‫‪ -١٨٥١‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻬﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻠﺪﻩ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫‪ -١٨٥٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺟﺎﻭﺯ‪ ..‬ﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻴﻘﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ‪ ..‬ﺃﻫﺮﺍﻕ ﺩ ‪‬ﻣﺎ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺷﺎﺓ ﻳﺘﺼﺪﻕ ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻛﲔ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻔﺴﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﺘﺴﻼ ﻟﻺﺣﺮﺍﻡ)‪) ،(٥‬ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬﺍ(‬‫‪ -١٨٥٣‬ﻭﺃﺣﺐ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﺎﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺮﳘﺎ)‪ (٧‬ﻭﺃﻇﻔﺎﺭﳘﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻼ ﻭﺗﻮﺿﺂ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﳘﺎ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺎﻓﻠﺔ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻼ ﻭﺃﻫﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٥٤‬ﻭﺃﺣﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻬﻼ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺻﻼﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻮﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٥٥‬ﻭﺃﺣﺐ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﺒﺲ ﺛﻮﺑﲔ ﺃﺑﻴﻀﲔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻳﻦ ﺃﻭ ﻏﺴﻴﻠﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ)‪ (١‬ﺛﻴﺎ‪‬ﺑﺎ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٤٨/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٧١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٠٣/٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪" :(٢٠٣/٧‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﻚ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﹰﺎ ﻻ ﻣﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺃﻭ ﲝﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻤﻴﻘﺎﺗﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺎﺫﻯ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻴﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ" ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪" :‬ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٤٦/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٧١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ،(٢٠٥/٧‬ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺮﺩﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺈﲨﺎﻉ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻞ ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﳑﺎ ﻓﻮﻗﻪ؟ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻠﺪﻩ ﻭﺩﻭﻳﺮﺓ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٠٦-٢٠٥/٧‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻭﱂ ﺃﺟﺪﻩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٤٧/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٧١‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٢١٣-٢١٢/٧‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢١٤-٢١٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٥٧١/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍ ُﻷﻡ )‪ ٣٦٠/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٧١‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٢١٨/٧‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٢٠/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺷﻌﻮﺭﳘﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٣١/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٥٧١/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(٢٣٢/٧‬ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﳎﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺣﺴﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﱄ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻓﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﻓﺼﻼﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﻛﻔﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺭﻛﻌﱵ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﻛﺘﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺗﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﻩ ﻧﻈﺮ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺗﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﻛﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٥٢٦/٣‬ﻭ‪.(٥٧١‬‬
 ‫‪٥٨١‬‬

‫‪ -١٨٥٦‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﺒﺴﺎ؛ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻣﺼﺒﻮ ﹰﻏﺎ ﺑﺰﻋﻔﺮﺍﻥ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺱ ﺃﻭ ﻃﻴﺐ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪) -١٨٥٧‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻠﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺇﻻ‪ /‬ﺇﺯﺍ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺩﺍ ًﺀ‪ (٤‬ﺃﻭ ﺛﻮ‪‬ﺑﺎ)‪ (٥‬ﻳﻄﺮﺣﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻄﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺍﺀ)‪ ،(٦‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻻ‬
‫ﳚﺪ ﺇﺯﺍ ‪‬ﺭﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﻠﺒﺲ)‪ (٧‬ﺳﺮﺍﻭﻳ ﹶﻞ)‪) ،(٨‬ﺃﻭ ﻻ‪ (٩‬ﳚﺪ ﻧﻌﻠﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﻠﺒﺲ)‪ (١٠‬ﺧﻔﲔ ﻭﻳﻘﻄﻌﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﲔ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٥٨‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻠﺒﺲ ﺛﻮ‪‬ﺑﺎ ﳐﻴ ﹰﻄﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻋﻤﺎﻣﺔ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﺮﺡ ]ﺫﻟﻚ[)ﻡ( )‪ (١٢‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﻔﻪ)‪ (١٣‬ﺃﻭ ﻇﻬﺮﻩ‬
‫ﻃﺮ ‪‬ﺣﺎ)‪.(١٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٥٩‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﻄﻲ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻐﻄﻲ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ)‪.(١٥‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٦٠‬ﻭﺗﻠﺒﺲ)‪ (١٦‬ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺍﻭﻳﻞ ﻭﺍﳋﻔﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻤﻴﺺ ﻭﺍﳋﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ]ﻛﺎﻧﺖ[)ﻡ( ﺗﻠﺒﺴﻪ‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﳏﺮﻣﺔ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺛﻮ‪‬ﺑﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻃﻴﺐ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻠﺒﺲ ﺛﻴﺎﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٦٩/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٧١‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٢٢٣/٧‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٢٧/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٦٩/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٧١‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٢٦٤/٧‬ﻭ‪ (٢٨١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٨٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻠﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺩﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻧﻈﻴﻔﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٦٦/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٣٧٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٧٠-٢٦٩/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻠﺒﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺳﺮﺍﻭﻳﻼ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﺳﺮﺍﻭﻳﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻠﺒﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٦٦/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٧١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٧٥-٢٧٤/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ‪$‬ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺁﰐ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺃﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻌﻘﻮﻓﺘﲔ ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻬﻤﺎ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ‪،‬‬
‫]ﻫﻜﺬﺍ[)ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﻔﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٦٦/٣‬ﻭ‪ ٣٧١‬ﻭ‪ ٣٧٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٧١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٧٠-٢٦٩/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٧٠/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٧١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ٢٦٧/٧‬ﻭ‪ ،(٢٨٠‬ﻭﺳﺘﺄﰐ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻠﺒﺲ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﻭﺗﻠﺒﺲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٥٨٢‬‬

‫)‪(٧‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬

‫ﻭﺟﻬﻬﺎ ﻓﺘﺠﺎﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﺮ‬ ‫‪ -١٨٦١‬ﻭﻻ ﲣﻤﺮ ﻭﺟﻬﻬﺎ‪ (٣)/‬ﻭﲣﻤﺮ)‪ (٤‬ﺭﺃﺳﻬﺎ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﺴﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻬﻬﺎ ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻓ‪‬ﻴﺎ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٦٢‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻈﻞ ﺍﶈﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻭﺍﶈﺮﻣ ﹸﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺒ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴ ‪‬ﺔ)‪ (٩‬ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٦٣‬ﻭﻳﺒﺪﻻﻥ ﺛﻴﺎ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺣﺮﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﻠﺒﺴﺎﻥ )ﻏﲑﻫﺎ()‪.(١٢) (١١‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹶﻞ ﲟﺎ ٍﺀ ﻭﺳﺪﺭﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﺮﺏ ﻃﻴ‪‬ﺒﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱢﻔ ‪‬ﻦ ﰲ ﺛﻮﺑﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘﻤ‪‬ﺺ‪،‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﶈﺮ ‪‬ﻡ‪ ..‬ﹸﻏ ‪‬‬‫‪ -١٨٦٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﺭﺃﺳ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫ﻭ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٦٥‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﺍﶈﺮﻣﺔ‪ ..‬ﻏﹸ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻠﹶﺖ ﲟﺎ ٍﺀ ﻭﺳﺪﺭﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻤﺼﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺯﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﺪ ﺭﺃﺳﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﳋﻤﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﻬﺎ)‪.(١٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٦٦‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻠﺒﺲ)‪ (١٥‬ﺍﶈﺮﻣﺔ ﻗﻔﺎﺯﻳﻦ ﻭﻻ ﺑﺮﻗ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪.(٢) (١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻠﺒﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺗﻠﺒﺴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٦٧/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٧١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٧٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٩٣‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﳜﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﻭﲣﻤﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺮﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺗﺮﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﺘﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺗﺴﺘﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﺠﺎﰲ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﻓﺘﺠﺎﰲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٧٠/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٧١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٧٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ‪ :‬ﺷﺒﻪ ﻫﻮﺩﺝ ﻳﻐﺮﺯ ﰲ ﺍﶈﻞ ﻳﺴﺘﻈﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻛﺐ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﻛﻨﺎﺋﺲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻛﺮﳝﺔ ﻭﻛﺮﺍﺋﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ‪) .‬ﻙ ﻥ ﺱ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧١/٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ )‪" :(٥٢٢/٣‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻈﻞ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﶈﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﺣﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﲟﺎ ﺷﺎﺀ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﳝﺲ‬
‫ﺭﺃﺳﻪ"‪ ،‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٦٧/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻏﲑﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٧٣/٣‬ﻭ‪.(٥٧١‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٥٢٢/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٧١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (١٦٤/٨‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﳚﺐ ﲡﻨﻴﺒﻪ ﻣﺎ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳚﻌﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻐﺴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻤﻨﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﺭ ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﺑﻄﻴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧١/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٦٤/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻠﺒﺲ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺗﻠﺒﺲ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٥٨٣‬‬

‫‪ -١٨٦٧‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻄﻴﺐ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﻭﺍﶈﺮﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﻀ‪‬ﻮﺡ)‪ (٣‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﺮ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ)‪ (٤‬ﺭﺍﺋﺤﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺘﻄﻴﺒﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻣﻴﺎ ﲨﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ )ﺃﺧﺬﺍ()‪ (٦‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺷﻌﺮﳘﺎ)‪ (٧‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪(١١‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٦٨‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﻫﻼ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺷﺎﺀﺍ‪ ..‬ﻗﺮﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ )ﺷﺎﺀﺍ()‪ ..(٩‬ﺃﻓﺮﺩﺍ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ )ﺷﺎﺀﺍ()‪)..(١٠‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻌﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﺮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٦٩‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﲤﺘﻌﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺮﻧﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﳘﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺬﲝﺎ ﺷﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﳚﺪﺍﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﺻﺎﻣﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﺎﳊﺞ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﺮﻓﺔ)‪ ،(١٣‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ]ﻳﺼﻮﻣﺎﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ[)ﻡ( ﻳﺼﻮﻣﺎ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻣﲎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺻﺎﻣﺎ )ﺛﻼﺛﺔ()‪ (٢‬ﺑﻌﺪ‬‫‪‬ﻳ ﹺﻬ ﱠ‬
‫ﻣﲎ ﲟﻜﺔ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺳﻔﺮﳘﺎ )ﻭ()‪ (٣‬ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺮﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﻗﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٦٩/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٧١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٧٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺡ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻀﻮﺡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺒﻘﻰ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺗﺒﻘﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧١/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٢٨/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺬ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺷﻌﻮﺭﳘﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٧٩/٣‬ﻭ‪.(٥٧١‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺷﺎﺀﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺷﺎﺀﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﲤﺘﻌﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٥٧٢/٣‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹺﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﺮﺩ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٢٤/٣‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(٩٥‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﻓﺮﺩ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺳﻨﻨﻪ )‪ (١٧٧/٣‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺞ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺘﻊ )ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪" :(٨٢٤ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﳜﺘﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭ ﺇﺳﺤﻖ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(١٤٢/٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻭﺷﺮﻁ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﻹﻓﺮﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﳛﺞ ﰒ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﹶﺓ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻨ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹸﻜ ﱡﻞ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﻥ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼﻑ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٤٨٣/٣‬‬
‫‪ ٥٨٤‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ‪ ..‬ﻛﻔﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻥ )ﲰﻴﺎﻩ()‪ ..(٦‬ﻓﻼ‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬

‫‪ -١٨٧٠‬ﻭﺃﺧﺘﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﳍﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺘﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺮ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺑﺄﺱ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٧١‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻠﺒﻴﺔ)‪» :(٨‬ﻟﺒﻴﻚ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﻟﺒﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﻟﺒﻴﻚ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻚ ﻟﺒﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺔ ﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻠﻚ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻚ«)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٧٢‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﻍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺒﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪/٩٣)/ ‬ﺏ( ﻭﻳﺴﺄﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺭﺿﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﺫﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺨﻄﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٧٣‬ﻭﻳﻜﺜﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺒﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻭﳚﻬﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺻﻮﺗﻪ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺪﺣﻪ)‪ ،(١٢‬ﻭﲣﺎﻓﺖ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫)‪(١٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٧٤‬ﻭﺃﺳﺘﺤﺒﻬﺎ‪ (١٤)/‬ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﻣﻐﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺿﻄﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻓﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳍﺒﻮﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﺻﻌﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺎﻝ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺒ‪‬ﻬﺎ)‪.(١٦‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٧٥‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﱯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺿﻮﺀ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺿﻮﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻠﱯ)‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺣﺎﺋ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٤٨٥/٣‬ﻓﻼ ﺃﺭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻮﻡ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻣﲎ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﺭﺍﻩ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧٢/٣‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (١٨٥/٧‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (١٨٦/٧‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻭ)‪.(١٩٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﳛﺮﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺳﻬﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﲰﻴﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧٢/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٣٦-٢٣٥/٧‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻤﺴﺘﺤﺐ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪) :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺒﻴﺔ( ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻧ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧٢/٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ )‪" :(٥٢٥/٣‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺣﺮﻓﹰﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻳﻌﺠﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ‪» :‬ﻟﺒﻴﻚ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺶ ﻋﻴﺶ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ«" ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٥٩/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٥٢٥/٣‬ﻭ‪ ،(٥٧٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ )‪" :(٣٩٥/٣‬ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻣﻌﻘﻮ ﹰﻻ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٦٠-٢٥٩/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٥٨/٧‬‬
‫‪ .‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺪﺣﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﻘﻮﻃﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٩٣-٣٩٢/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٧٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٥٩/٧‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٩٤‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﺿﻄﻤﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﺍﺻﻄﻤﺎﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٩٣/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٧٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٥٨/٧‬‬ ‫)‪(١٦‬‬
 ‫‪٥٨٥‬‬

‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٧٦‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻳﺪﻟﻚ ﺟﺴﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺪﻟﻚ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻟﺌﻼ ﻳﻨﻘﻄﻊ‬
‫ﺷﻌﺮﻩ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٧٧‬ﻭﺃﺣﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻞ ﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻣﻜﺔ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٧٨‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺩﺧﻠﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﺣﺒﺒﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﳜﺮﺝ)‪ (٧‬ﺣﱴ ﻳﻄﻮﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪» :‬ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ)‪ ،(٩‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺯﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺗﺸﺮﻳ ﹰﻔﺎ ﻭﺗﻌﻈﻴ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٧٩‬ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻜﺮ ‪‬ﳝﺎ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭﺯﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻓﻪ ﻭﻋﻈﻤﻪ ﳑﻦ ﺣﺠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺮﻩ‪ ..‬ﺗﺸﺮﻳ ﹰﻔﺎ ﻭﺗﻌﻈﻴ ‪‬ﻤﺎ)‪ (١١‬ﻭﺗﻜﺮ ‪‬ﳝﺎ ﻭﺑ ‪‬ﺮﺍ«)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٨٠‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺴﺘﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ)‪ ،(١٣‬ﻭﻳﻀﻄﺒﻊ ﺑﺜﻮﺑﻪ؛ ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺭﺩﺍﺀﻩ ﻣﻦ ﲢﺖ ﻣﻨﻜﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﳝﻦ ﺣﱴ ﻳﱪﺯ ﻣﻨﻜﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﻬﺮﻭﻝ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻃﻮﺍﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺠﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﺸﻲ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ)‪.(٢) (١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻠﱯ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﻭﺗﻠﱯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٩٥/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٧٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٥٨/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﻝ ﺣﺮﻓﲔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻘﻄﻊ‪ .‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﻳﻘﻄﻊ‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٦٣/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٧٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٣٧٧-٣٧٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٦٤/٣‬ﻭ‪ ٥٤١‬ﻭ‪ (٥٧٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٥/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﺝ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ .(٥٤١/٣‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ :(٥٧٢/٣‬ﳜﺮﺝ‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍ ُﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٧٢/٣‬ﻭﰲ )‪ ٤٢٥/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٤١‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٦/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ )ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ(‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(١٢/٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺍ‪‬ﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﺻﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺁﻫﺎ ﻛﱪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺑﺸﻲﺀ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٤٢٢/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٤١‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪) :‬ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺑﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )ﻁ ﺭﻓﻌﺖ( ﻭﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻁ ﺑﻮﻻﻕ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ﻅ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٥٧٣/٣‬ﻭ‪" (٤٢٣-٤٢٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻓﺄﺳﺘﺤﺐ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺣﻜﻴﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹴﻦ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٥٤١/٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺯﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻔﺎ ﻭﺗﻌﻈﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺗﻜﺮﳝﺎ ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺯﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻓﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻈﻤﻪ ﻭﻛﺮﻣﻪ ﳑﻦ ﺣﺠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺮﻩ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻔﺎ ﻭﺗﻌﻈﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺗﻜﺮﳝﺎ ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﹺﺑ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﻣﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﻴﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻼﻡ«"‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (١٠/٨‬ﻭﹶﺃﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٢-١١/٨‬‬ ‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٤٢٦/٣‬‬
‫‪ ٥٨٦‬‬

‫‪ -١٨٨١‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻠﻢ ﻏﲑﳘﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫‪ -١٨٨٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﺣﺎﻡ )ﻛﺜ ‪‬ﲑﺍ()‪ ..(٤‬ﻣﻀﻰ ﻓﻜﱪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﻠﻢ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٨٣‬ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻛﻼﻣ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻑ‪» :‬ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ﺁﺗﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺣﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻨﺎ ﻋﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ«)‪.(٦‬‬

‫‪ -١٨٨٤‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﻍ‪ ..‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺣﻴﺚ)‪ (٧‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬

‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ؛ ﻗﺮﺃ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﺄﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭ  ‪ A‬‬

‫‪ CB‬ﻭ  ‪ ،DC B A‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻗﺮﺃ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ)‪.(٨‬‬

‫‪ -١٨٨٥‬ﰒ ﻳﺼﻌﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎ ﺻﻌﻮ ‪‬ﺩﺍ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻮﺍﺭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﻜﱪ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪» :‬ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﳛﻴﻲ ﻭﳝﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﳋﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻗﺪﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻻ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺻﺪﻕ ﻭﻋﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺼﺮ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺰﻡ ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﳐﻠﺼﲔ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮﻭﻥ«‪.(١٠)(٩)/‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺑﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٤٤٤/٣‬ﻭ‪ ٥٤١‬ﻭ‪ (٥٧٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٨-١٧/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٤٢٨/٣‬ﻭ‪ ٥٤٢‬ﻭ‪ (٥٧٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٤٧/٨‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺒﻴﻞ ﻓﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﳊﺠﺮ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺜﲑ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﻛﺜﲑ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧٣/٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ )‪" :(٤٣٣/٣‬ﻭﺃﺣﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺆﺫ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺆﺫ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﺣﺎﻡ ﻭﻳﺪﻉ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺫﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺁﺫﻯ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﺣﺎﻡ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺰﺣﺎﻡ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺑﺪﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻑ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺯﺍﺣﻢ ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪.(٤٦/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٤٣٦/٣‬ﻭ‪ ٥٤٢‬ﻭ‪ ،(٥٧٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪" :(١٤٢/٤‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﺴﺘﺤﺐ‬
‫ﺠﺎ ﻣﱪﻭﺭ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻧﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻐﻔﻮﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﻭﺳﻌﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻮﺭ‪‬ﺍ!‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴﺔ‪@ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﻏﻔﺮ‬‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪@ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﱄ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﲪﲏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻋﻒ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﻋﺰ ﺍﻷﻛﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ﺁﺗﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ!‪ ،‬ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ"‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٦٠/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﻭﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻁ ﺑﻮﻻﻕ ﻭﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﻅ‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٥٤٢/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٧٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ٧٢/٨‬ﻭ‪.(٧٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٩٥‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧٣/٣‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ )‪ (٥٤٣/٣‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻭﷲ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﷲ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﺪﺍﻧﺎ ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻫﺪﺍﻧﺎ ﻭﺃﻭﻻﻧﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﳛﲕ ﻭﳝﻴﺖ‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٥٨٧‬‬

‫‪ -١٨٨٦‬ﰒ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ‪ /‬ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﻴﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺑﲔ ﺃﺿﻌﺎﻑ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺛﻼﺙ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺕ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٨٧‬ﰒ ﻳﻬﺒﻂ )ﻋﻦ()‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﳌﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺭﻛﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺑﻨﺤﻮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺫﺭﻉ‪ ..‬ﻋﺪﺍ ﺣﱴ ﳛﺎﺫﻱ ﺍﳌﻴﻠﲔ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺎﺑﻠﲔ ﺑﻔﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺓ‬
‫)ﺟﻬﺪﻩ()‪ (٣‬ﺣﱴ ﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺇﻥ ﺑﺪﺍ ﻟﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٨٨‬ﰒ ﻳﺼﻨﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺻﻨﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ)‪ ..(٥‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻑ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺳﺒ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺎ ﻭﳜﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﻭﺓ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ ) -١٨٨٩‬ﺃ‪ (-‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻤﺘ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺣﻼ ﹰﻻ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٩٠‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﱃ ) ‪‬ﻣﻨ‪‬ﻰ()‪ ..(٨‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻭﻳﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻄﺎﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺳﺒ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻮﺩﺍﻉ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﱠﻞ ﺑﺎﳊ ‪‬ﺞ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎ َﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺒ ‪‬ﺢ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﻐﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -١٨٩١‬ﰒ ﺃﺗﻰ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨﻰ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﱠﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟ ﱡﻈ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٩٢‬ﰒ ﻏﺪﺍ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺮﻓﺔ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺰ ﹶﻝ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺷﺎﺀ)‪.(١١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﳋﲑ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻗﺪﻳﺮ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﺻﺪﻕ ﻭﻋﺪﻩ ﻭﻧﺼﺮ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﻭﻫﺰﻡ ﺍﻷﺣﺰﺍﺏ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻭﻻ ﻧﻌﺒﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺇﻳﺎﻩ ﳐﻠﺼﲔ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮﻭﻥ"‪ ،‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٩٢/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٥٤٣/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٧٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٩٣-٩٢/٨‬ﻭﺃﺻﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﲔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﻋﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺬﻩ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺟﻬﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٥٤٣/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٧٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٩٣/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٥٤٣/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٧٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٩٣/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٥٤٦/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٧٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٠٧/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﻣﲎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧٣/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (١٠٨/٨‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(١١١/٨‬ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﳌﻦ ﺃﺣﺮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻋﺮﻓﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻮﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻭﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ ﰒ ﳜﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧٣/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١١١/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧٣/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" (١٣١/٨‬ﻳﺼﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻋﺮﻓﺎﺕ ﺑﺈﲨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ"‪.‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٥٨٨‬‬

‫‪ -١٨٩٣‬ﻭﺃﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﻳﻘﻒ ﻗﺮﻳ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻳﺪﻋﻮ)‪ (١‬ﻭﳚﺘﻬﺪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺼﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳌﻐﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺍﳌﺰﺩﻟﻔﺔ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -١٨٩٤‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻏﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ ..‬ﺩﻓﻊ ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ) ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ(‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎ َﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺒ ‪‬ﺢ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٩٥‬ﰒ ﻳﻐﺪﻭ ﻓﻴﻘﻒ ﰒ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ)‪] (٥‬ﻭﻳﺪﻓﻊ[)ﻡ( ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻄﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺳﻔﺮ ﺇﺳﻔﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻓﲑﻣﻲ ﲨﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ ﻭﺣﺪﻫﺎ ‪‬ﻦ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٩٦‬ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺣﺼﺎ ﲨﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ‪‬ﺓ ﺳﺒ ‪‬ﻊ ﺣﺼﻴﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٩٧‬ﻭﻳﺮﻣﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻄﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺭﻣﻰ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٨٩٨‬ﰒ ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺣ ﱠﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺣﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ)‪.(٩‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(١١٤/٨‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻪ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺧﻮﳍﻢ ﺃﺭﺽ‬
‫ﻋﺮﻓﺎﺕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻓﺨﻄﺄ ﻭﺑﺪﻋﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﺑﺬﺓ ﻟﻠﺴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻜﺜﻮﺍ ﺑﻨﻤﺮﺓ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺰﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﻳﻐﺘﺴﻠﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻠﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺯﺍﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺫﻫﺐ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ‪." ‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻋﺮﻓﺎﺕ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺻﻼﰐ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺘﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٣٣/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺪﻋﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ( ﻭﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺪﻋﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٥٧٣/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻫﻴﺌﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﻫ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧٣/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ١٥٠/٨‬ﻭ‪.(١٥٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﻳﺪﻋﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧٣/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٥٨-١٥٧/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧٤-٥٧٣/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٥٤/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧٤-٥٧٣/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (١٦٩/٨‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻓﻴﺠﻌﻞ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﻣﲎ ﻋﻦ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ ﰒ‬
‫ﻳﺮﻣﻲ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٥٧٤/٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺒﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻠﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺎﺣﺔ ﳏﻈﻮﺭ ﻻ ﻧﺴﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﳛﺼﻞ ﺑﺄﺣﺪ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ؛ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻠﻖ ﻧﺴﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﳛﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﺛﻨﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ؛ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻲ ﻭﺍﳊﻠﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻑ‪.‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٥٨٩‬‬

‫‪ -١٨٩٩‬ﻭﻳﻠﱯ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺮﻣﻲ ﲨﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ ﺑﺄﻭﻝ ﺣﺼﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺒﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬

‫‪ -١٩٠٠‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻃﺎﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺳﺒ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﻭﺓ ﺳﺒ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺣﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪) -١٩٠١‬ﺏ‪ (-‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺭ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻔﺮ ‪‬ﺩﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻴﻢ ﳏﺮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﲝﺎﻟﻪ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻳﺼﻨﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﺖ)‪،(٤‬‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺭ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻔﺮ ‪‬ﺩﺍ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ‪ (٥)/‬ﺇﻥ ﻃﺎﻑ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﲎ ]ﻭ[)ﻡ( ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﻭﺓ ﺃﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﻳﻄﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺮﻓﺔ؛ ﻓﻴﺤﻞ)‪ (٧‬ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﻭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻄﻒ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻣﲎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ‪/٩٤)/‬ﺏ( )‪ (٨‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻮﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺳﺒ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﻭﺓ ﺳﺒ ‪‬ﻌﺎ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٠٢‬ﻭﺃﺣﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﻟﺮﻣﻲ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﺑﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﺩﻟﻔﺔ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﻭﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﳊﺞ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺿﻮﺀ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺾ ﺗﻔﻌﻠﻪ)‪ (١‬ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ)‪.(٣) (٢‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(٢٠٣/٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ‪ :‬ﻟﻠﺤﺞ ﲢﻠﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﻭﺛﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻣﻲ ﲨﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﻠﻖ ﻭﻃﻮﺍﻑ ﺍﻹﻓﺎﺿﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻥ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻠﻖ ﻧﺴﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻠﻖ ﻧﺴﻚ‪ ..‬ﺣﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﺛﻨﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻱ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﺗﻰ‬
‫‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﺣﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﺭﻣﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺣﻠﻘﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺭﻣﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻃﻮﺍﻓﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻃﻮﺍﻓﹰﺎ ﻭﺣﻠﻘﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻠﻖ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻨﺴﻚ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﳛﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻼﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻑ ﺃﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ‪ ..‬ﺣﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﺎﱐ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٥٢٦/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٧٤‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (١٦٥/٨‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٧٠/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٥٧٤/٣‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻠﻖ ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺴﻚ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺎﺣﺔ ﳏﻈﻮﺭ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٠٣/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻃﻮﺍﻓﻪ ﻟﻠﻘﺪﻭﻡ ﻭﺳﻌﻴﻪ –ﺇﻥ ﺳﻌﻰ‪ ،-‬ﲞﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﳛﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪.(١٠٨/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺻﻔﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻤﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﳛﺮﻡ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻭﻳﺔ ﰒ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻣﲎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﳏﺮﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﳛﺘﺎﺟﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٠٨/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٩٦‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻥ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﲢﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺗﻜﺮﺭﺕ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ( ﰲ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٥٦٣/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٥٧٤‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٠٣/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٣٦٤/٣‬‬
‫‪ ٥٩٠‬‬

‫‪ -١٩٠٣‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ)‪ (٤‬ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺮ ﻓﺬﺑﺢ ﺷﺎﺓ ﻭﺟﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﺗﺼﺪﻕ ﲜﻠﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﳊﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﱂ ﳛﺒﺲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﺎﻓﻠﺔ‪ ..‬ﺗﺼﺪﻕ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻛﻞ ﻭﺣﺒﺲ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻭ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺍ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٠٤‬ﻭﻳﺬﺑﺢ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻣﲎ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻴ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -١٩٠٥‬ﻭﻳﺮﻣﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﺴﺒﻊ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٠٦‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﻣﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺰﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻣﲎ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٠٧‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ)‪.(٩‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺗﻔﻌﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﻃﺎﻫﺮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٦٠/٣‬ﻭ‪ ٣٦١‬ﻭ‪ ٣٦٤‬ﻭ‪ (٥٧٤‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٢١٨/٧‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٢٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺍﻷﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧٤/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٣٩٩/٨‬ﻏﲑﻩ ﺃﻭﱃ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧٤/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٣٥٨/٨‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺬﺑﺢ ﻟﻴ ﹰ‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٥٦/٣‬ﻭﺳﻘﻄﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢١٠/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٥٦/٣‬ﻭﺳﻘﻄﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ .‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢١١/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﺗﺼﻠﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻳﺬﺑﺢ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻣﲎ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﻼ ﻭ‪‬ﺎﺭﺍ"‪ ،‬ﲝﻜﻢ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭ‪‬ﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ( ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﺎﺭﺕ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪) :‬ﻭﻳﺬﺑﺢ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻣﲎ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻣﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺮﻣﻲ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٥٥٨/٣‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﻲ ﺭﻣﻲ ﲨﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﺭ ‪‬ﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ‪ ..‬ﺭﻣﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﻻ ﻓﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ"‪.‬‬‫ﻟﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪" :(٢٠٣‬ﻭﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺭﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺰﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﳜﺮﺝ ﺑﻐﺮﻭ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٠٧/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢١١/٨‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺭﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻭﻗﺘﻪ ﺑﻐﺮﻭﺏ ﴰﺴﻪ ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼﻑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻻﻳﻀﺎﺡ )ﺹ‪" :(٤٠٦‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻲ ‪‬ﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻷﺻﺢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﺪﺍﺭﻛﻪ؛ ﻓﲑﻣﻴﻪ ﻟﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺗﺮﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻬﻮ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺪﺍﺭﻛﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻷﺻﺢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻻ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ‪ ...‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﺻﺢ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﺍﺭﻙ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻻ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﻴﲔ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﻛﺄﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺼﻼﺓ"‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٥٩١‬‬

‫‪ -١٩٠٨‬ﻭﻳﺮﻣﻲ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﺭ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻣﲎ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﻣﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﺗﺰﻭﻝ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻣﲎ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺮ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻣﻰ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻜ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻊ ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ ﺣﺼﺎ ‪‬ﺓ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٠٩‬ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٩١٠‬ﻭﻳﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﻘﻔﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺪﻋﻮ ﻭﻳﻄﻴﻞ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺼﻨﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳉﻤﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﲨﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺣﺼﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺮﻣﻲ ﺳﺒﻊ‬ ‫‪ -١٩١١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺧﻄﺄ ﻓﺮﻣﻰ ﺍﳊﺼﺎﺗﲔ)‪ (٥‬ﰲ ﻣﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺕ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٩١٢‬ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺣﺼﺎ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻴﺴﺮ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﳒﺲ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ )ﺍﳉﻤﺎﺭ()‪،(٨‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﱐ ﺃﻛﺮﻩ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺿﻊ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٩١٣‬ﻓﲑﻣﻲ ﲟﺜﻞ ﺣﺼﺎ ﺍﳋﺬﻑ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺎﻣﻞ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٩١٤‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻬﺮ ﺍﳊﺼﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻤﻠﻪ)‪.(١٢) (١١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺰﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺗﺰﻭﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٥٧٤/٣‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺼﺎﺓ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧٤/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ :(٢١٠/٨‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻳﻜﱪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧٤/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢١١-٢١٠/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺣﺼﺎﺗﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻘﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﻣﺮﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧٤/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٧٩/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧٤/٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ )‪" :(٥٥٦/٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺭﻣﺎﻫﺎ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﻛﻠﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ" ﻭﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (١٧٨/٨‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﺃﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺰﺩﻟﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (١٧٢/٨‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ –ﻛﺮﺍﻫﺔ ﺗﱰﻳﻪ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻲ ﺑﺄﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺠﺮ‪ -١ :‬ﺍﳊﺠﺮ ﺍﳌﺄﺧﻮﺫ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻠﻲ‪ -٢ ،‬ﺍﳊﺠﺮ ﺍﳌﺄﺧﻮﺫ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮﻡ‪ -٣ ،‬ﺍﳊﺠﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺲ‪-٤ ،‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺠﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺭﻣﻲ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧٤/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٧١/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲢﻤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﳛﻤﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧٤/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٥٦/٨‬‬
‫‪ ٥٩٢‬‬

‫‪ -١٩١٥‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﻌﺠﻞ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻣﲔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻳﺮﻣﻲ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ ..‬ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺣﱴ‪/‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻣﻦ )ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ(‬ ‫‪ -١٩١٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻏﺎﺑﺖ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻝ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٩١٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﺘﺎﺑﻊ)‪ (٦‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺭﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻨﺴﻰ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻐﻴﺐ)‪ ..(٧‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﻍ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﻋﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻣﻰ ﺭﻣ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﺛﺎﻧ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﻣﻲ ﺑﺄﺭﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٩١٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﺪﺭ ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻜﺔ‪ ..‬ﻃﺎﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ‪ /‬ﺳﺒ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﻳﻮﺩﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻄﻒ‪ ..‬ﺑﻌﺚ ﺷﺎ ﹰﺓ ﻓﺘﺬﺑﺢ ﻋﻨﻪ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٩١٩‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺇﻻ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺾ؛ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺼﺪﺭ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻭﺩﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ )ﺇﺫﺍ()‪ (١٠‬ﻃﺎﻓﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٢٠‬ﻭﺃﺣﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺩﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻒ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻠﺘﺰﻡ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ‪» :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ‬
‫]ﺇﻥ[)ﻡ( ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﺘﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻋﺒﺪﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﻣﺘﻚ‪ ،‬ﲪﻠﺘﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺨﺮﺕ ﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻘﻚ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧٤/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٢٧/٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﳎﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٩٧‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧٤/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٢٧/٨‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺭﺣﻞ ﻓﻐﺮﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﰲ ﻣﲎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻧﻔﺼﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻠﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﲑ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﳌﺒﻴﺖ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻲ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺗﺘﺎﺑﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﻳﻐﻴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧٤/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢١٣/٨‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﻤﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺎﻷﻭﱃ ﰒ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﰒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٤٥٨/٣‬ﻭ‪.(٥٧٥‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻟﻴﻄﻮﻑ‪..‬ﺳﻘﻂ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫ﻉ ﻣﺴﺘﺤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﻮﺩﺍ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻗﻮ ﹴﻝ‪ :‬ﹺﺇ ﱠﻥ ﻃﻮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻜﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺴﻘﻂ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٣٣/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٤٥٩-٤٥٨/٣‬ﻭ‪.(٥٧٥‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻃﻬﺮﺕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻔﺎﺭﻗﺔ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﻜﺔ‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٣٤/٨‬‬
 ‫‪٥٩٣‬‬

‫ﺣﱴ ﺳﲑﺗﲏ ﰲ ﺑﻼﺩﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻠﻐﺘﲏ ﺑﻨﻌﻤﺘﻚ ﺣﱴ ﺃﻋﻨﺘﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﻜﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺭﺿﻴﺖ ﻋﲏ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺯﺩﺩ ﻋﲏ ﺭﺿﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻵﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﺄﻯ)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﺘﻚ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ )ﺃﻭﺍﻥ()‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﺼﺮﺍﰲ )ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﹴﻝ ﺑﻚ ﻭﻻ ﺑﺒﻴﺘﻚ ﻭﻻ ﺭﺍﻏﺐ ﻋﻨﻚ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﺘﻚ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﻓﺎﺻﺤﺒﲏ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻧﺖ ﱄ‪ (٤‬ﻏﲑ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺃﺑﻘﻴﺘﲏ)‪ ،«(٨‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ‪..‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻘﹶﻠﱯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﺯﻗﲏ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻚ ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫)ﺑﺪﱐ()‪ (٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﻤﺔ ﰲ ﺩﻳﲏ ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺟﺰﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻩ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ)‪.(٩‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﺟﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺑﻀﻢ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﻭﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺟﻪ‪ :‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺑﻜﺴﺮ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﻭﲣﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻓﺘﺤﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(/‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪) :‬ﻳﻨﺎ( ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ‪ :‬ﺗﻨﺄﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﺃﻭ"‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ‪" :‬ﺃﻭﺍﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﰲ ﺃﻧﻪ"‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﺫﻧﺖ ﱄ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ‪ :‬ﺑﺪﱐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺣﺴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﻴﻴﺘﲏ‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧٥/٣‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٢٣٨/٨‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٣٩-٢٣٨/٨‬‬
‫‪ ٥٩٤‬‬

‫‪6 4g‬א ‪07‬ع‬

‫‪E٢F‬‬
‫‪WE١FfZz‬א ‪07‬ع'‪xhP1x‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٢١‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻫﻼﻝ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪
d
c

b
a (٥)`

_
^
]
\  :(٤) ‬‬

‫‪]  g

f
e‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪.(٦)/ [٢٩ :‬‬

‫‪ -١٩٢٢‬ﻭ‪‬ﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﻮﻉ ﺗﺮﺍﺿﻰ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﺎﻳﻌﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻼﻣﺴﺔ)‪،(٧‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﺑﺬﺓ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻳﻦ)‪.(٩‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ ﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﰲ ]‪/٣٥‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺑﺈﺳﻘﺎﻁ "ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺯﻱ" ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻭﻣﻮﺳﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺇﱃ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٩٨‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻼﻣﺴﺔ‪ ،(٢١٤٤) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﺑﻄﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻼﻣﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﺑﺬﺓ‪.(١٥١٢) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺑﺬﺓ‪ ،(٢١٤٦) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻼﻣﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﺑﺬﺓ‪.(١٥١١) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ : ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺊ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻟﺊ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ )‪ (٧١/٣‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ (٥٧/٢‬ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪.(٢٩٠/٥‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪" :‬ﺗﻔﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ﲢﻞ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﻋﺮﻑ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻀﺎ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻳﺼﺢ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻳﻮﻫﻨﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳊﺒﲑ )‪.(٧١/٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻍ )ﺹ‪" :(٧١١ :٢٦١‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ"‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٥٩٥‬‬

‫‪ -١٩٢٣‬ﻭﺃﺑﺎﺡ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺑﻴﻮﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺮﺍﺿﻰ ]‪‬ﺎ[ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﺎﻳﻌﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺼﺒ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺑﻴﻊ ﻏﲑ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﲔ؛ )ﺑﻴﻊ ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻥ‪ (١‬ﺑﺼﻔﺔ)‪ (٢‬ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺃﺟﻞ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫]ﺃﺟﻞ[ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﻊ ﻋﲔ ﻳﺮﺍﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪] -١٩٢٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ[‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺍﻫﺎ ‪-‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻭﺻﻔﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳜﺎﻟﻒ)‪ ..-(٤‬ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺮ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳎﻬﻮﻝ‪/٩٥)/‬ﺏ( ﻭﻏﺮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﺑﺎﻃ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -١٩٢٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺮﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺮﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﺃﺧﺬﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﻩ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٢٦‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪‬ﺍ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺻﻒ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻮﺟﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‪ ..‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﻩ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٢٧‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﺑﻄﻠﻨﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﳓﻦ ﻭﱂ ﳒﺰ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‪ ..‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻔ ﹶﺔ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﳌﻀﻤﻮﻥ ]ﺍﻟﺬﻱ[ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻧ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺼﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻧﺼﻔﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٦٤/٣‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻟﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺍﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻟﻮ ﺗﺒﲔ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﻗﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﺍﱄ‪" :‬ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺼﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ‪ ..‬ﻻ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ" ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬
‫)ﺹ‪.(٢٦١‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺮﻯ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٣/٤‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ ‪‬ﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١١٠‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﻳﺼﺢ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺒﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (١٤/٥‬ﻭﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٧٠/٣‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﺰﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪.(٢١٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺑﺪﺍﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﺋﻊ )‪ (١٦٣/٥‬ﺍﳍﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ )‪.(٣٣٥/٦‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ‬ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﲞﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٧٣/٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪ (٢٥٥/٣‬ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ )‪ (٤٣٣/٢‬ﺍﻟﻜﺎﰲ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﱪ )‪ (٦٧٨/٢‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺩﻳﺮ‬ ‫)‪( ٩‬‬
‫)‪.(٢٤/٣‬‬
‫‪ ٥٩٦‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻭﺻﻔﻪ ﰒ ﺿﺎﻉ)‪ ..(٢‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻏﲑﻩ؛‬
‫ﻒ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﻗﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ‪] ،‬ﻭ[ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻻ ﲢﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺇﺣﺎﻃﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﹶﻗ ﱠﻞ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﻳﻮﺻ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻈ ﹺﺮ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٢٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٢٩‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺭﺁ ‪‬ﻩ)‪ (٤‬ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ)‪ (٥‬ﰒ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺟﺎﺋ ‪‬ﺰ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺻﻔﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﲢﻮﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺗﺮﻛﻪ‪.(٨) (٧)/‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٣٠‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴﻌﺎﻥ)‪ (٩‬ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻔﺮﻗﺎ ﺑﺄﺑﺪﺍ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻴﻌﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ؛ ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻌﻪ)‪ (١٠‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻔﺮﻗﺎ‪» :‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻧﻔﺎﺫ)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻙ« ﻓﺄﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ‪..‬‬
‫ﻟﺰﻣﻪ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٣١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻔﺮﻗﺎ ﺑﺄﺑﺪﺍ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﳜﺘﺮ ﺇﻧﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﺘﻖ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻕ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻌﺘﻖ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺗﻔﺮﻗﺎ ﻓﻮﺟﺐ)‪ (١٣‬ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺃﻋﺘﻘﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺐ ﻟﻪ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺻﺎﺡ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٧٣/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺮﺍﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺻﻔﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [١٩٩‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٦/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٧٢-٣٧١/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢١٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٩-١٨/٢‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺒﻴﻊ ﳑﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻐﲑ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﳏﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻸﻣﺮﻳﻦ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻷﺻﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻌﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺎﻳﻌﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻧﻔﺎﺫ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٩/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢١٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٣٩/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻭﺟﺐ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٥٩٧‬‬

‫‪ -١٩٣٢‬ﻭﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ)‪- :(٢‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺉ ]ﺃﻥ[ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻃﻪ‪ -‬ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺓ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻓﻼ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻓﻨﻈ ‪‬ﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺒﻀ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻀﻴﻊ‬
‫‪ -١٩٣٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺑﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺔ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٣٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﺎﻉ ﻃﻌﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻣﻜﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ]ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ[‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻜﻴﺎﻝ‪ /‬ﻳﻀﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻬﻠﻚ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺪﺭﻱ ]ﻛﻢ[ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ)‪.(٨)(٧‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺘﺮ‪‬ﻯ ﺃﻣﺔ ﻓﺄﻋﺘﻘﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(١٠/٤‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻧﻘﺾ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺘﻖ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﻃﻼﹰ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺃﻋﺘﻖ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻋﺘﻘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺘﻘﻪ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺍ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﱂ ﲤﻠﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻠﻜﹰﺎ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺘﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺧﻴﺎﺭ" ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ .(١١١‬ﻭﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺇﻋﺘﺎﻕ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺒﻄﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺳﻜﺖ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺮﻁ ﰲ ﺇﺑﻄﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺎﻕ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻄﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻖ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻑ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﰎ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪ ..‬ﺑﺎﻥ ﻧﻔﻮﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﳍﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻨﻔﺬ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺇﻥ ﰎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺘﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻨﻔﺬ ﺇﻋﺘﺎﻗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻗﻮﺍﻝ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٥٢-٤٥١/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺯﺍﺩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٢٦/٨‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١١١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٢٠-٢١٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪.(٤٤٤/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ‪ ‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﺑﺘﺎﻉ ﺷﺎﺓ ﻣﺼﺮﺍﺓ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺃﻣﺴﻜﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺻﺎﻋﺎ ﻣﻦ ﲤﺮ‪ ،#‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‪،‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﳛﻔﻞ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ‪ ،(٢١٤٨) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﺍﺓ‪(١٥٢٤/٢٤) ،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻔﻆ‪" :‬ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺳﲑﻳﻦ‪ :‬ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﻋﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﻀﻴﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻠﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٠٢-٢٠١/٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٣٩‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ "ﻭﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻏﲑﳘﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ"‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪" (١١٥/٢‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﺪﻟﲔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﺪﻳﻦ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٨٨/٤‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٣٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٣٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٠٨/٢‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﻳﺴﻤﻲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻀﺨﻢ‪...‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫‪ ٥٩٨‬‬

‫ ‪ E١Fx‬‬
‫‪z‬א ‪07‬ع‪– d9‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)ﻡ()‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺋ ﹸﺔ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﺮ‬ ‫ﺻ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﹰﺓ ]ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ[‬
‫‪ -١٩٣٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ]ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ[ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﺼﺐ ﺇﻻ ﲬﺴﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﳐﲑ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﺃﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﲝﺼﺘﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺑﺄﺣﺪﳘﺎ‬ ‫‪ -١٩٣٦‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺛﻮﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺜﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺑﻌﺒﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻋﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ)‪(٧‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺋﺘ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﹰﺎ‪ ..‬ﺭﺟﻊ ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ )ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‪.(٩) (٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٣٧‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻠﻚ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﺪﻋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﰲ )‪/٣٨‬ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺼﺮﺡ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴًﺎ‪ ...،‬ﺍﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺠ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻤ‪‬ﻞ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫)‪" (٣‬ﺍﻟ ﹸﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﻀ ‪‬ﻢ‪ :‬ﻣﻜﹾﻴﺎ ﹲﻝ ﻷﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﲑﻳﻦ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﳌﺎ ُﺀ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﺮًﺍ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻭﹺﻧﺼ‪‬ﻒ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪‬ﺳﺘ‪‬ﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭﻗﹶﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺣ‪‬ﻤﺎﺭﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ‪‬ﺳﺘ‪‬ﻮﻥ ﻗﹶﻔﻴﺰ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﹶﻔﻴﺰ‪ :‬ﺛﹶﻤﺎﱐ ﻣ‪‬ﻜﺎﻛﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ ﹶﳌﻜﱡﻮﻙ‪ :‬ﺻﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺸﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻘًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻭ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻖ ﺳﺘ‪‬ﻮﻥ ﺻﺎﻋ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭﺑ‪‬ﻌﻮﻥ ﺇ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩﺑ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﲝﺴﺎﺏ ﺃﻫ ﹺﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳ‪‬ﻴﺪ‪‬ﻩ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٣٠/١٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ‪ ١٥٦٦,٧٥) :‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻏﺮﺍﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ )‪ ،(١٣٧/٥‬ﺍﻹﻳﻀﺎﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪.(١٠٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﲝﺼﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ ﻓﺎﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫)‪" :(٣٦٨/٣‬ﺇﻥ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ‪ ..‬ﺻﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺎﻗﺼ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ؛ ﺃﻇﻬﺮﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻌﺬﺭ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻳﺼﺢ؛ ﻹﺷﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﱪﺓ ﻭﻳﻠﻐﻮ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ" ﺃﻱ ﻟﺘﻌﺬﺭ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٤٩/٤‬ﻭﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(١٧/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٥٨٨/١١‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﻳﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﻼﻥ ﻭﻳﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺇﻣﺎ ﻗﻄﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺟﺢ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٥٨٢/١١‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻴﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺛﻮﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٧٥-٤٧٤/٣‬‬ ‫)‪( ٩‬‬
 ‫‪٥٩٩‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ)‪(٣‬؛‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬

‫‪ -١٩٣٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺳﻠﻌﺔ)‪ (١‬ﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻴﺐ ﰒ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺐ)‪ (٤‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗﺒ‪ِ ‬ﹺﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺩ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺃﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﳌﺎ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴ ﹺ‬
‫‪] -١٩٣٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ[ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺻﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﺪﺙ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺩﻩ)‪.(٧) (٦‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٤٠‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ)‪ (٨‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ]ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ[‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺑﺎﻋﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٤١‬ﻭ]ﻗﺪ[ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻟﻪ)‪] (١٠‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺐ[ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﺎﻋﻪ)‪.(١٢)/(١١‬‬
‫‪] -١٩٤٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺳﻠﻌﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻓﻤﺎﺗﺖ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻋﺘﻘﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺐ[)‪.(١٤)(١٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺮﺩﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻗﻬﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﺎﻳﻌﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٨٢/٣‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺳﻠﻴﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺻﺢ‪:‬‬‫ﺺ ﺍﻟﻌﻴ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺭﺵ‪" ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺟﺰ ٌﺀ ﻣﻦ ﲦﹺﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﻟﻴ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻧﺴﺒ ﹸﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ﱢﻞ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺾ"‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٢٢١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٨٢/٧‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(١٢٢‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻧﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺣﺒﺴﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ" ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٢٨٠-٢٧٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٨٢/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﱡﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺯﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺐ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫)‪ (٧‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺭ‪ .‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٥٨/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳝﺘﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﺇﻥ ﺑﺎﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﳘﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٢٧٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪.(٤٧٥/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺵ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٢٩-٢٢٨/٨‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١٢٢‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﲟﺎ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮﺩ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﺎ ﹶﺃﹺﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٧٥/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٠٠‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٧٤/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻧﺎﻧﲑ‪....‬‬
‫‪ ٦٠٠‬‬

‫‪f7OP6 P‬א‡‪ E١F7‬‬

‫‪ -١٩٤٣‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭ‪‬ﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﻊ‬
‫ﳊ‪‬ﺒﹶﻠ ‪‬ﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻳﺒﺘﺎﻋﻪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ]ﻛﺎﻥ[ ﻳﺒﺘﺎﻉ ﺍﳉﺰﻭﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ‬
‫‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺔ ﰒ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﰲ ﺑﻄﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﻧﺄﺧﺬ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٤٤‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ‪‬ﻰ ]ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻋﻨﻪ[‪.‬‬
‫‪] -١٩٤٥‬ﻭ‪‬ﻰ[ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﻊ )ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﺑﺎﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،(٦) (٥‬ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ]ﻗﺎﻝ[‪:‬‬
‫‪$‬ﻻ ﻳﺒﺎﻉ ﺣﻲ ﲟﻴﺖ‪.(٧)#‬‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻲ ﲟﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺟﻨﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺗﺒﺎﻉ)‪ (٨‬ﺷﺎﺓ ﻣﻴﺘﺔ‬
‫‪ -١٩٤٦‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺒﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻄﲑ ﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻃﲑ ﺣﻲ ﺑﺒﻌﲑ ﻣﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳊﻢ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺑﻄﲑ ﺣﻲ)‪.(٩‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﰲ‪/٩٩) :‬ﺏ( ﲢﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ )ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻤﺎﺀ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ(!!‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺭ ﻭﺣﺒﻞ ﺍﳊﺒﻠﺔ‪ ،(٢١٤٣) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪:‬‬
‫ﲢﺮﱘ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺣﺒﻞ ﺍﳊﺒﻠﺔ‪.(١٥١٤) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﺘﺞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﺜﻤﻦ ﻣﺆﺟﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﺪ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٨‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٢١٥‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺘﺎﺝ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑﺔ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٩٨/٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﻧﹺﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺤﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٦٦/٤‬ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ (٦٦-٦٤ :٦٥٥/٢‬ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻼ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﻣﺮﺳ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻋﻦ ﲰﺮﺓ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ (٣٥/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ ،(٢٩٦/٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪" :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﲰﺎﻉ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﲰﺮﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺟﻨﺪﺏ‪ ..‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﻣﻮﺻﻮ ﹰﻻ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺜﺒﺘﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺮﺳ ﹲﻞ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﺳﻞ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰉ ﺑﺰﺓ ﻭﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﰉ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ‪." ‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻧ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٦٧/٤‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪" :‬ﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺎﻉ ﺣﻲ ﲟﻴﺖ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ (٢٩٦/٥‬ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ (٦٦-٦٥/٨‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ " :‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﻣﺮﺳﻞ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﻀﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﺳﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﻓﻮﻛﺪﻩ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺒﺎﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻠﺦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﺍﳌﻔﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﻠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﺓ ﺍﳌﺬﺑﻮﺣﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺫﺑﺢ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺟﻠﺪﻩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻠﺦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺎﳌﻴﺖ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺬﺑﻮﺡ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻣﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺣﺘﻒ ﺃﻧﻔﻪ‪.‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٦٠١‬‬

‫‪ -١٩٤٧‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺎﻉ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺆﻛﻞ ﳊﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٤٨‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺒﺎﻉ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﺓ ﺍﳌﺬﺑﻮﺣﺔ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺓ ﺍﳌﺬﺑﻮﺣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﲑ ﺍﳌﺬﺑﻮﺡ)‪ (٢‬ﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻯ ﻛﻴﻒ‬
‫ﳊﻤﻪ)‪(٤‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﻐﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ )ﻳﺪﺭﻯ ﻛﻢ‪/٩٦)/(٥‬ﺏ( ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻠﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻳﺶ ﻭﻳﺪﺧﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺭ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٤٩‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺆﻛﻞ ﳊﻤﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺆﻛﻞ ﳊﻤﻪ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﻼ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﺑﺎﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺴﻪ‪ :‬ﻛﻠﺤﻢ ﺟﺰﻭﺭ ﲜﺰﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﳊﻢ ﺷﺎﺓ ﺑﺸﺎﺓ‪ ..‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻏﲑ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺯ ﻭﻋﻠﻘﻪ ﺑﺸﺮﻃﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﳑﻦ ﻳﻌﺘﺪ ﲞﻼﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ ﻣﺮﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٦٦/٤‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪(١١٦‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٩٦/٣‬ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ٤٧٣/١٠‬ﻭ‪ (٤٧٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٩/٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﺑﺎﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺟﻨﺴﻪ‪ :‬ﻛﻠﺤﻢ ﺟﺰﻭﺭ ﺑﺸﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﳊﻢ ﺑﻘﺮ ﲜﺰﻭﺭ‪ ..‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺯ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ؛ ﻓﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺭﺟﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٦٦/٤‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١١٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٩٦/٣‬ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪ (٤٧٥/١٠‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٩/٢‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﺑﺎﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺄﻛﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻛﺒﻴﻊ ﳊﻢ ﺷﺎﺓ ﲝﻤﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ :‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺯ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‬
‫)‪ ،(١٦٨/٤‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺯ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻄﻮﺭ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ )ﺹ‪ (٩٢‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ‬
‫)‪ (٤٧٧/١٠‬ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (٢٩٤/١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٩٦/٣‬ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٤٧٨-٤٧٧/١٠‬ﻣﻐﲏ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ .(٢٩/٢‬ﺗﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (٩٧/٣‬ﲢﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻯ )‪.(١٢٠/١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٤٧٨/١٠‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺣﺒﻞ ﺍﳊﺒﻠﺔ‪ "...‬ﰒ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺬﺑﻮﺣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳊﻤﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﻛﻴﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻻ ﳚﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺑﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺎ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﳌﺬﺑﻮﺣ ‪‬ﺔ ﰲ ﺟﻠﺪ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﹰﺎ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺣﻜ ﹺﻢ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐﹺ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺑﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﻭﻻ ﲝﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺄﻛﻮﻝ ﻭﻻ ﺑﻐﲑ‬
‫ﻣﺄﻛﻮﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(٤٧٩/١٠‬ﻭﻻ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺻﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻠﺪ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﹰﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺍﳉﻠﺪ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٦٠٢‬‬

‫‪ -١٩٥٠‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ)‪ :(٤‬ﻻ)‪ (٥‬ﻳﺒﺎﻉ ]ﳊﻢ[ ﲝﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺆﻛﻞ ﳊﻤﻪ ﻭ]ﳑﺎ[)‪ (٦‬ﻻ ﻳﺆﻛﻞ)‪.(٨)(٧‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א ‪ E٩FZ‬‬

‫‪ -١٩٥١‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻻ)‪ (١٠‬ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ)‪ (١١‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﺎﺭﻑ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺫﻫﺒ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻁ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺭﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ)‪ (١٢‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻴﻌﻪ ﻭﻳﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﻞ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ؛‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﺮ ﹶ‬
‫]ﺑﺬﻫﺐ[ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١٥‬‬ ‫)‪(١٤‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺣﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﳎﻬﻮﻝ ﲝﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻘﺔ ﲨﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺎﺭﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ)‪.(١٦‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﳌﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺳﺒﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ( ﻭﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‪ :‬ﻭﳑﺎ‪ ،.‬ﻭﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳏﺘﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٤٧٨/١٠‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﱪﺍﺀ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ ﺳﱯ ﺍﻭﻃﺎﺱ‪...‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪/٣٨) :‬ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺭﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﻛﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳊﺼﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺭﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٥٩/٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(١٥٣/١٠‬ﻭﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﻢ ﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺎﺭﻓﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﻢ ﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪ ﲜﻨﺴﻪ؛ ﻓﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫»ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﺎﺭﻑ ﺫﻫﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺭﻓﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻴﻌﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﻞ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ؛ ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﲨﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺎﺭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﳎﻬﻮﻝ ﺣﺼﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺭﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ"‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺗﺼﺤﻔﺖ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻘﺔ( ﺇﱃ )ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻳﺴﲑ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٦٠٣‬‬

‫ﻼ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻓﺰﺍﺩ ﻷﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﺷﻲﺀ)‪ (١‬ﺃﻭ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻓﺄﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ‬ ‫‪ -١٩٥٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﺎﺭﻑ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺭﻗﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺒﻴﻌﻬﻤﺎ)‪ (٣)/ (٢‬ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺭﻓﺔ)‪ (٤‬ﰲ ﺻﻔﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺻﻔﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﺟﺰﻧﺎﻩ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٥٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﺻﺎﺭﻓﻪ ﲬﺴﲔ ‪‬ﻗ ﹶﻄﻌ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (٧‬ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﺻﺤﺎﺣ‪‬ﺎ ﲟﺎﺋﺔ ﺻﺤﺎﺡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ)‪ (٨‬ﳚﻮﺯ؛ ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻤﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ)‪ (٩‬ﺣﺼﺘﻪ)‪ (١٠‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﲦﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻞ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺴﻮﻡ)‪ (١٢‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ)‪ ،(١٣‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻭﺛﻮﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﲟﺎﺋﺔ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ)‪.(١٥)(١٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٥٤‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻗﻄﻌ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (١٦‬ﲟﺎﺋﺔ ]ﻛﻠﻬﺎ[)‪ (١٧‬ﺻﺤﺎﺡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻔﺴﺨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٠١‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺭﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻓﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٥٩/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‪ :‬ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﻜﺴﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺣﺼﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﳋﻤﺴﲔ ﺍﳌﻜﺴﺮﺓ ﻻ ﳝﺎﺛﻞ ﺍﳋﻤﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﲦﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﲬﺴﲔ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺣﺼﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﺗﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‪ :‬ﻣﻘﻮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﻓﺘﺘﻮﺯﻉ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ )ﻣﺪ ﻋﺠﻮﺓ ﻭﺩﺭﻫﻢ(‪ .‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (٧٩/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢١٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ (٣٨٧/٣‬ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٥٨/١٠‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺰﻭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٤٣-٢٤٢/١٠‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﰲ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ )ﻣﺪ ﻋﺠﻮﺓ(‪ :‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺭﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(٢٥/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﻄﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‪ :‬ﻗﻄﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٧‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٦٠٤‬‬

‫‪ -١٩٥٥‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﳚﻮﺯ ﲬﺴﲔ)‪] (٢‬ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎ[)‪ (٣‬ﻭﲬﺴﲔ)‪ (٤‬ﺻﺤﺎﺣ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (٥‬ﲟﺎﺋﺔ ﺻﺤﺎﺡ)‪.(٦‬‬

‫‪ -١٩٥٦‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻉ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﺟﺰﺍﻓﹰﺎ)‪ ..(١‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺜﲏ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ؛ ﹶﻗ ﱠﻞ ﺃﻭ ﹶﻛﹸﺜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﺍﳌﻜﻴﻠﺔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺪﺭ)‪ (٢‬ﻛﻢ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﱪﺓ؛ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺻﱪﺓ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺜﲎ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺄﺧﺬﻩ)‪ ..(٣‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﻓﺴﺪﺗﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ)‪ (٤‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻰ)‪.(٦) (٥‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (٨٠/٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﱂ ﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺟﻨﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻧﻮﻉ ﰲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻘﲔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻣﻌﺰﻭﺓ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٤٣/١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‪ :‬ﲬﺴﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻳﻀﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‪ :‬ﻭﲬﺴﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺻﺤﺎﺡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺪ ﻟﻠﻘﺪﻭﺭﻱ )‪ (٢٣٦٨/٥‬ﺍﳍﺪﺍﻳﺔ )‪ (١٥١/٧‬ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺮ )‪ (١٥١/٧‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫)‪ (١٥١/٧‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ )ﺑﻴﻊ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﺩﺭﳘﲔ ﻣﻜﺴﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺪﺭﳘﲔ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﲔ‬
‫ﻭﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻣﻜﺴﺮ(‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﻏﻴﻨﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﳍﺪﺍﻳﺔ )‪" :(١٥١/٧‬ﻭﻭﺟﻬﻪ‪ :‬ﲢﻘﻖ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳍﻤﺎﻡ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺟﺎﺯ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ‪" :‬ﺧﺎﻟﻒ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﻢ ﺍﳊﺸﻒ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﻱﺀ ﰒ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻼ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻠﻴﺲ" ﻧﻘ ﹰ‬
‫ﺑﻜﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﲤﺮ ﻋﺠﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﺿ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ .(٢٤٣/١٠‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" (٤١٧/٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ«‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻗﻴﻮﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻃﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻴﻌﻲ‪/‬ﺍﻹﺭﺷﺎﺩ ﺳﻘﻄﺖ )ﺇﱃ( ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )ﺍﳊﺸﻒ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻌﺔ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ )‪ ،(٣٢٥/١٠‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﰲ ﻛﻼ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺗﲔ ﺳﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻣﻌﺰﻭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ ٢٤٣/١٠‬ﻭ‪ (٢٥٩-٢٥٨‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ‬
‫)‪" :(٢٥٩/١٠‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‪ ..‬ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﲔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺑﻘﻮ ﹴﻝ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳﺤﻜﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺧﻼﻑ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ؟ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﻮﺯ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻗﺮﺏ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺎ ﹶﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼﻡ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﻋﺎﺋﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺇﱃ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺻﻮﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺣﻜﻲ ﻭﺟﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺻﺎﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺳﺎﻧﻴﲔ ‪-‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺔ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﰲ ﳏﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﳏﺔ ﻭﺭﺃﻯ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻀﺮ "‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪.(٧٩/٥‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺎﻝ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‪ .‬ﺕ‪ :‬ﳓﻮ ‪.٤٠٠‬‬
 ‫‪٦٠٥‬‬

‫‪] -١٩٥٧‬ﻭ[ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻉ ﲦﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺜﲎ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻜﻴﻠﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٥٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ ]ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ‪ ..‬ﺿ‪‬ﺮﺑﺎﻥ)‪:[(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٥٩‬ﺃ‪ -‬ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ؛ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﺒﺮﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﻮﺯﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻜﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺒﻀﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ)‪.(١٠)/(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٦٠‬ﺏ‪ -‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ]ﻛﺎﻥ[ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ؛ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ (١١):‬ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﻭﺍ َﻷ ‪‬ﺭﺿ‪‬ﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺒﻀﻪ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺨﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﻴﻨﻚ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﳛﻮﻝ)‪ (١٢‬ﺑﻴﻨﻚ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﻮ ﻭﻻ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪» :‬ﺍﻗﺒﺾ«‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ‪» :‬ﻗﺪ‬ ‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻀﺖ«)‪.(١٤)/ .(١٣‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻟﻠﺮﺟ ﹺﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﺋﻄﻪ ﲦﺮ ﳔﻼﺕ ﻳﺄﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ‬
‫‪ -١٩٦١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ]ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ[‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹺﺮ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎ ﺭﺏ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻂ ﺑﺘﻤﺮ)‪ (١٥‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﺬﺍﺫ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﺮﺻﻬﺎ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺃﻭﺳﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎ)‪ (١‬ﻏﲑ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻂ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﻫﺒﻬﺎ ﻟﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﺠﻮﺯ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﻨﻪ؛ ﻻﻧﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪﺭﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺄﺧﺬ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺒﻘﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٢٥/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٦١/٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٦/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪.(٦٢٢/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ‪" :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮ ﺿﺮﺑﲔ"‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(١٤٥/٤‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪" :(٢٠٨/١٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺽ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻮﺯﻥ ﻭﻳﻜﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺒﻀﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٩٧‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳚﻮﺯ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ .(٢٩٥/٤‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ .(٨٦-٨٥/٢‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻨﻘﻞ‪ ،‬ﲞﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٣٨‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺜﻤﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٥‬‬
‫‪ ٦٠٦‬‬

‫ﺐ ﺑﺘﻤ ﹴﺮ ﻧﻘﺪ‪‬ﺍ)‪ (٣‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬

‫ﺻ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ﱠﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪ -١٩٦٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹺﺮ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻃ ‪‬‬
‫ﲬﺴﺔ ﺃﻭﺳﻖ ﻳﺄﻛﻠﻪ ﺭﻃﺒ‪‬ﺎ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺻﺎﺏ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﳘﹰﺎ ﺭﺩﻳﺌﹰﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﻘ ﹰﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹰﺓ‪/‬‬ ‫‪ -١٩٦٣‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺻﺮﻑ ﺩﻧﺎﻧﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺩﻱﺀ)‪ (٨‬ﻣﻦ ﺳﻮﺀ)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺣﺒﺴﻪ ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺯﻳﻔﹰﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ‬
‫ﱯ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻫﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﺎﻧ ﹺﲑ ﹸﻛﻠﱢﻬﺎ ﻣﻔﺴﻮﺥ؛ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺣﺒﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﳓﺎﺳ‪‬ﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺎﺀ‪] ،(١١)#‬ﻭ[)ﺯ( ﻗﺪ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﻗﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺑﻴﻌﻬﻤﺎ)‪(١‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺸﲑﻳﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ ٦٢٠/٢‬ﻭ‪ (٦٥٠‬ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪ ٢٥٨/١٠) (٢٨٤/٣‬ﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻧﻘﺪ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻧﻔﺬ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١١٥/٤‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻴﺔ )ﺹ‪" :(٢٤٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻳﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻞ ﺧﺮﺻ‪‬ﺎ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﲣﻤﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﳉﻔﺎﻑ‪ ،-‬ﺑﺘﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻛﻴﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮ ﺑﺰﺑﻴﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﲣﺘﺺ ﲜﻮﺍﺯﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺍﺀ‪ ..‬ﻭﻻ ﲡﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻳﺎ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺐ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٣٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(٩٤-٩٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺩﻧﺎﻧﲑﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٠٢‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺳﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺳﻮ‪ ،‬ﻟﻌﻠﻬﺎ )ﺳﻮﺀ( ﻷﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ‪ :‬ﻗﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٥٧/٤‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺭﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺩﻩ‪ ..‬ﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻛﻠﻪ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ" ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١١٥‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(١٤٠/٥‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﺔ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﺑﻌﻀﻪ ﺭﺩﻳﹰﺌﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﻝ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ (٤٩٨/٣‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(٧٦/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﺑﻌﻀﻪ ﺭﺩﻳﺌﹰﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺦ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺐ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺎﺯﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﲝﺼﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﲜﻮﺍﺯ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻘﺔ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٤٩٧/٣‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬
‫)‪.(٧٦/٢‬‬
‫ﳊ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﺮﺓ‪ ،(٢١٣٤) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍ ﹸ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺭﻕ ﻧﻘﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،(١٥٨٦) ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ : ‬ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺭﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻫﺎﺀ ﻭﻫﺎﺀ‪.#...‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻫ ﹺ‬
‫‪$‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹺﺭ ‪‬‬
 ‫‪٦٠٧‬‬

‫‪ -١٩٦٤‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻮ ﺻﺎﺭﻓﻪ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺛﻮﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺪﺭﻫﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻘﺒﻀﻪ ﻭﻳﻔﺘﺮﻗﺎﻥ)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻦ ﲤﺎﻡ ﰒ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻌﺪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٦٥‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٥‬ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺯﺍﺋﻔﹰﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺻﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺾ ﺇﻻ ﺻﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬ ‫‪ -١٩٦٦‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺾ)‪ (٦‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﲝﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﻱﺀ ﻗﲑﺍﻃﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺾ)‪ (٨‬ﺻﺮﻑ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺟﺰ ٍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﺼﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪] -١٩٦٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺾ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻛﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ[‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٦٨‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻣﺘﺎﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﲨﻠﺔ)‪ (١٠‬ﳑﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻜﺎﻝ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻮﺯﻥ ﻓﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﺒﻌﻀﻪ)‪ (١‬ﻋﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻳﺮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﲨﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﲨﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻜﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻮﺯﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﳐﲑ؛ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﳉﻴﺪ ﲝﺼﺘﻪ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻘﻲ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٧/٤‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (١٤٠/٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٤٩٧/٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺑﻌﻀﻪ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‪..‬‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻗﻮﻻ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻘﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺑﻘﺴﻄﻪ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺃﺳﲎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(٧٦/٢‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﺔ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﺯﻳﻔﹰﺎ ﳓﺎﺳ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﳓﻮﻩ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪(٤٩٨/٣‬‬
‫ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(٧٦/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﺑﻌﻀﻪ ﺯﻳﻔﹰﺎ ﳓﺎﺳ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﳓﻮﻩ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪ‪ ..‬ﺑﻄﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﲝﺼﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﲜﻮﺍﺯ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٤٩٧/٣‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(٧٦/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺘﻔﺮﻗﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٥٧/٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﺎﺭﻕ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﺒﺾ ﻣﻨﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺺ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﲑﺍﻃﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺺ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ‪ ‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪ ،(٣/٣‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(١١٥‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﺎﺯ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻘﺔ‪ ..‬ﺭﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﲝﺼﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﺭ" ﻭﻛﺄﻥ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﳝﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‬
‫)‪.(١٤١-١٤٠/٥‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲪﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫‪ ٦٠٨‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א ‪ \D‬‬

‫‪ -١٩٦٩‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻤﻲ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻀﺨﻢ)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﳜﻠﻒ)‪ (٦‬ﻣﺎ ﺳﻠﻒ‪/٩٧)/‬ﺏ( ﻓﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ‪] ،‬ﻭ[ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﱴ ﻃﻠﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺮﻳﺔ ﺿﺨﻤﺔ ﱂ ﳜﻠﻒ)‪ (٨‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻂ)‪ (٩‬ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺴﻠﻒ)‪ (١٠‬ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻤﻲ ﻗﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺳﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫‪ -١٩٧٠‬ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﳌﻮﺿ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﻠﻒ)‪ (١٣‬ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻻ ﳜﻠﻒ‬
‫ﰲ ﻭﻗﺘﻪ ﻭﻏﲑ ﻭﻗﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﰲ)‪ (١٥‬ﺷﺘﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‪‬ﺍ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻤﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻀﺤﻢ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺨﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳜﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﻝ ﺣﺮﻓﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻳ ﹺﺢ ﺍﳌﺴﻚ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﻓ ﹺﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋ ﹺﻢ ﺃﻃﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﳜﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻐﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪ : ‬ﳋﻠﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺠﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ )‪) (٢١٠/٢‬ﻁ‪ .‬ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﲎ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﹶﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻈﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻔﻘﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻛﺜﲑ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳛﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳜﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﻝ ﺣﺮﻓﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻓﺘﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻤﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻈﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻩ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﶈﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﻟﺪﻯ‬
‫ﺍﶈﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﺭ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٨١/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٥/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﰲ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٦٠٩‬‬

‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻲ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﳌﻜﻴﺎ ﹶﻝ)‪،(٣‬‬

‫‪ -١٩٧١‬ﻭﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﻣﻊ ]ﻫﺬﺍ[ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ‪] (٤)/‬ﻓﻴﻪ)‪،(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٧٢‬ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻲ)‪ (٧‬ﺃﻭ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻬ ﹺﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺬﺍ)‪ (٨‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻳﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻀﻰ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺖ‪ (٦)/‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺒ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٧٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ)‪.[(٩‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻋﺎ ﹴﻡ ﻭﻋﺘﻴ ‪‬ﻖ ﻋﺎ ﹴﻡ‪.(١١) (١٠‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻡ )ﺣﺪﻳ ﹶ‬
‫‪ -١٩٧٤‬ﻭﻳﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ)‪ (١٤‬ﻭﺟﻨﺴﻪ)‪،(١٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٧٥‬ﻭﻳﺼﻒ ]ﺍﻟﻘﻤ ‪‬ﺢ[‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻴﺾ )ﻣﺪﻭﺭ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‪ (١٢‬ﺃﲰﺮ)‪ (١٣‬ﻣﺪﻭﺭ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻮﻳ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -١٩٧٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﻓﺎﺳﺪ)‪.(١) (١٦‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ؛ ﻓﻴﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺣﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺣﲔ ﺍﶈﻞ‪ .‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺤﺎﻭﻱ )ﺹ‪ (٨٦‬ﺑﺪﺍﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﺋﻊ )‪ (٢١١/٥‬ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺮ )‪.(٩٠/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻤﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﹸﻛ ﱞﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻨﺎﺳ‪‬ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻩ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ١٨٦/٤‬ﻭ‪ (١٨٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٤/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٠٣‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٠٦/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٣-١٢/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٣٦‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﳏﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﻟﻠﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﻭﳊﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺆﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٣٥‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ ﺍﶈﻄﻮﻁ‪ :‬ﻛﺪﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻓﻴﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺟﻞ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺟﻞ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺎ ﹰﻻ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ١٨٦/٤‬ﻭ‪ (١٨٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪.(٧/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺘﻴﻖ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ١٩٠/٤‬ﻭ‪ (٢٠٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٣/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺪﻭﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺃﲰﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪ .‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﲰﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻃﻮﻳﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٠٦/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٣/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﺳﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٦١٠‬‬

‫)‪(٥‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺣﻴﻨﻪ)‪ ..(٣‬ﻓﺎﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﻓﺎﺳﺪ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٧٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺳﻠﻒ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﳜﻠﻒ‬
‫ﻭﺟﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺣﻴﻨﻪ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٧٨‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻃﻌﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﻳﺒﻄﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ]ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻔﺮﻗﺎ[‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑﻄﹶﻠﺘﻪ)‪ (٨‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ]ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ[‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺑﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺮﺓ ﻳﺒﻄﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٧٩‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻔﺮﻗﺎ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٨٠‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (١١‬ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ]ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻘﺔ[‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﻓﺎﺳﺪ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٨١‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﻔﺴﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ)‪.(١٥) (١٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ١٨٩/٤‬ﻭ‪ (٢٠٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ٧/٤‬ﻭ‪ ١١‬ﻭ‪ ١٣‬ﻭ‪ ١٤‬ﻭ‪.(١٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳛﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﳌﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳍﺎﺀ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺎﺀ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﺳﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﻠﻒ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺼﻔﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٧‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻄﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺟﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﳏﺘﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ‪ ..‬ﻟﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺎﻟﺔ؛ ﺃﻳﻮﺟﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻡ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‪..‬‬
‫ﻼ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻃ ﹰ‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍ ُﻷﻡ )‪ ١٨٨/٤‬ﻭ‪ (١٨٩‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٣٩١/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (/٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٠٢/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﺄﰐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﺪﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ‪ .‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ١٤٢-١٤١/٤‬ﻭ‪ (٣٩١‬ﻭﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ٤٢٤-٤٢٣/٣‬ﻭ‪ ،(٣/٤‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮﺍ‬
‫ﺤﻬ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﹺﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﻔﺴﺎﺥ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻻ ﰲ‬
‫ﺻ‪‬‬‫ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺗﻔﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻘ ‪‬ﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎ ِﺀ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻳ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺘﻨﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻔﺮﻗﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﺑﻌﺾ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﺽ‪ ،.‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺿﺎ ﻟﻜﻼﻣﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٠٣-١٠٢/٢‬ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﺭ )‪.(٤٩٦/١‬‬
 ‫‪٦١١‬‬

‫‪ -١٩٨٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺜﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﻭﺍﻓﺘﺮﻗﺎ)‪ (٢‬ﰒ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺯﻳﻔﹰﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﺎﺳ ‪‬ﺪ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٨٣‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﻔﺴ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﻘﺪ ﹺﺭ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﻱﺀ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﲜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ)‪ (٦‬ﺇﺫﺍ ]ﻛﺎﻥ[ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻟ ﹸﻜ ﱢﻞ ﺩﻳﻨﺎ ﹴﺭ ﻭﺩﺭﻫ ﹴﻢ‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٨٤‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻣﺴﻤﻰ‪ ..‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﲝﺼﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻔﺴﺪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻋﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ)‪ ..(٩‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪:‬‬‫‪ -١٩٨٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ)‪ (٨‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮﺿ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺽ ﺑﻄﻌﺎ ﹴﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻓﺄﺻﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ؛ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ ﻭﺭﺟﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺽ)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ)‪ (١١‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺋﺘ‪‬ﺎ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٨٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ]ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ[ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺃﻛﺮﺍﺭ ]ﻣﻦ[ ﻗﻤﺢ؛ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭﲬﺴﺔ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺖ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻤﻲ)‪ (١٣‬ﲬﺴﲔ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﰲ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺃﻛﺮﺍﺭ ﺇﱃ ﻛﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﻤﺴﲔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮ)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻓﺘﺮﻗﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻛﺄﻥ ﳚﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﺭﺻﺎﺻ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﳓﺎﺳ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺗﻔﺮﻗﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﻗﺒﺾ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺴﻪ –ﻛﺨﺸﻮﻧﺔ ﻓﻀﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ ﺳﻜﺘﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻈﺮ‪‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪..‬‬
‫ﺴﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﻓﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﺔ ﰒ ﻋﲔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺒﺪﳍﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻕ؟ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ ١٨٠/٥‬ﻭ‪.(٤٣٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻓﻤﺤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪ ..‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻌﺪﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٣٢/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻨﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﻭﺽ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺽ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٥/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻤﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٦١٢‬‬

‫ﲬﺴﺔ ﺃﻛﺮﺍﺭ ﺇﱃ ﻛﺬﺍ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻱ)‪ (١‬ﻛﻢ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﻤﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻤﺴﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﺧﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٨٧‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﳚﻮﺯ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪] -١٩٨٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﻠﻒ)‪ /(٤‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺣﻄﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻭ ﺯﻋﻔﺮﺍﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺯﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﻜﺎﻝ)‪ (٧‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺆﻛﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺸﺮﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻻ ﻳﺆﻛﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸﺮﺏ‪ .. (٨)/‬ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺻ ﹸﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻠﻔﻪ)‪ (٩‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﳑﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺆﻛﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺯﻭﻧ‪‬ﺎ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺑﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺄ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٨٩‬ﻭﻻ)‪ (١١‬ﳚﻮﺯ ]ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻠﻒ[ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺆﻛﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺸﺮﺏ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻮﺯﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻌﺪ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﺻﻨﻔﻪ)‪(١٤‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟﻞ‪ ..‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻔﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫‪(١٣‬‬
‫)ﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﺻﻨﻔﻪ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪﺭﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ١٩٥/٤‬ﻭ‪ (٢٠٣‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎ ًﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٣٠٧/١‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬
‫)‪ (٤٠١-٤٠٠/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١١/٤‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ (١٢٦/٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٢٠٣/٤‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺟﺎﺯﻩ‬
‫ﻏﲑﻧﺎ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(٣٩٩/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺗﻜﺮﺭ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﻄﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻮﺯﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٠٤‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺳﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﻧﺴﻴﺌﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٤/٤‬ﻭ‪ (٣٧‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪(١٧٠/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﺮﻱ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻪ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﺿ ﹰ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٨٠/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺻﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺻﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٦١٣‬‬

‫ﺍﺗﻔﻖ)‪(١‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﺍﳊﻨﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻨﻄﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻔﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﺒﻴﻌﻮﺍ ﻳﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺑﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺷﺌﺘﻢ‪.(٢)#‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٩٠‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ )ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻠﻒ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﺯﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺯﻥ ﳑﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺆﻛﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸﺮﺏ(‪ :‬ﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ ]ﻳﺴﻠﻒ[ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﻭﺍﳉﱭ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻄﻦ‪ ..‬ﻻ)‪ (٣‬ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻼﳘﺎ)‪ (٤‬ﻳﻮﺯﻥ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻲ)‪ (٦‬ﺃﺟﻨﺎﺳ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺗ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺏ ﹸﻛﻠﱢﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪] -١٩٩١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠ ﹺﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻴﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﺩﹼﻗﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻮﻟﹶﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺮﺿ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻘﺒﺾ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﺁﺟﺎﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺛﻴﺎﺑ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (٨‬ﲣﺘﻠﻒ)‪ (٩‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ‪،‬‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﳍﺮﻭﻱ‪ ..‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻠﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ)‪(١٢‬؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ)‪ (١٣‬ﺑﺒﻠﺪﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺃﺟﻨﺎﺳﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺼﻔﻬﺎ)‪ (١٤‬ﺑﺎﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺳﻂ)‪.(١٥‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٩٢‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺭﺩﻳﺌﹰﺎ)‪(١٦‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻮﻗﻒ)‪ (١‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﻩ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﲢﺪ ﺍﳉﻨﺲ‪ ..‬ﺣﺮﻡ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺘﺤﺪ‪ ..‬ﺣﺮﻣﺖ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻛﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻄﻌﻮﻣﺔ ﺟﻨﺲ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٥٦/٤‬ﻭ‪ .(١٩٧‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪١٦٤/٥‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ (١٧٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٨٠-٣٧٩/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺭﻕ ﻧﻘﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ (١٥٨٧) ،‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٥/٤‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ )ﺹ‪.(١٣٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻤﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﻝ ﺣﺮﻓﲔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺛﻴﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳜﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳜﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ١٨٩/٤‬ﻭ‪ (٢٥٦-٢٥٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٥/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٦١٤‬‬

‫‪ -١٩٩٣‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﻱﺀ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١٩٩٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﻠﻒ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﰲ ﺛﻮﺏ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺃﺫﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﺛﲏ)‪ (٤‬ﻋﺸﺮ ﺫﺭﺍﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺧﺬ ﻣﲏ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺷﺮﻳﻜﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻋﲔ« ﺃﻭ »ﭐ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﺮ)‪ (٥‬ﻣﲏ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻋﲔ«‪ ..‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﳚﻴﺌﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﺍﺛﲏ)‪ (٦‬ﻋﺸﺮ)‪ ..(٧‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺑﻴﻊ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺒﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭ)‪ (٨‬ﺷﺮﻛﻪ ﺷﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻋﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺪﺧﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻌﺘﲔ)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ‪ (١١)/‬ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺮﻛﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻋﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺑﻴﻊ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺒﺾ‬
‫ﻭﺷﺮﻛﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﺸﺮﺗﻪ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٩٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ]ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ‪ [:‬ﳚﻮﺯ ﻫﺬﺍ‪.(١٤)/‬‬
‫ﻼ ﰲ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺃﺭﻃﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﳊﻄﺐ‪ /‬ﰲ ﺍﳊﻄﺐ‬
‫‪] -١٩٩٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻄﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﺭﻃ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﻌﺸﺮﺓ)‪.(١٥‬‬
‫ﺭﻃ ﹰ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺧﻼﻑ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(١٨٨/٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٢٨/٤‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺭﺩﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺐ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺭﺩﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‪ ...‬ﺍﻷﺻﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻁ )ﺍﻷﺭﺩﺃ(‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٤٩/٤‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺯ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٤٢٤/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٨/٤‬ﲢﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻯ )‪.(٣٩٦/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺳﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺛﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺛﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻭﺳﺮﺍ‪ .‬؟؟؟‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺘﻌﻴﲔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﳌﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٣٥‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﺮﻳﻜﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٥٠٩/٣‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺒﻴﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻗﺒﻀﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻻﺷﺮﺍﻙ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٠٥‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﻷﻧﻪ ﻏﲑ ﺭﺑﻮﻱ ﲜﻨﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺠﻮﺯ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺌﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٦٨/٤‬ﻭ‪ (٢٤٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٨٠/٣‬‬ ‫)‪(١٥‬‬
 ‫‪٦١٥‬‬

‫ﻼ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺯﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻣﻮﺯﻭﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻜﻴﻞ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺆﻛﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺸﺮﺏ ﻣﺜﻞ‬

‫‪ -١٩٩٧‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻠﻒ ﻣﻜﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺴﻞ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻉ ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ‬
‫‪ -١٩٩٨‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﰲ ﺑﻴﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺆﻛﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸﺮﺏ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﺿ ﹰ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺒﺪﻳﻦ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺭﺍﺣﻠ ﹰﺔ ﺑﺄﺭﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﺑﻌﺮﺓ ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻧﺔ ﻳﻮﻓﻴﻬﺎ)‪ (٤‬ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺑﺬﺓ)‪ ،(٦)(٥‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻴ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻉ ﺑﻌﲑ‪‬ﺍ ﺑﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻌﲑ)‪ (٧‬ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟﻞ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -١٩٩٩‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ‪$ :‬ﻻ ﺭﺑﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﺎﻝ ﻭﻳﻮﺯﻥ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺆﻛﻞ ﺃﻭ)‪ (٩‬ﻳﺸﺮﺏ‪.(١٠)#‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‪‬؛ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ)‪ (١١‬ﺑﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ‬ ‫‪ -٢٠٠٠‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺳﺄﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺷﻬﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﺑﻪ)‪.(١٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٩٧/٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻧﺴﻴﺌﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻷﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎﺓ ﺏ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ‪ (١٦٠٢) ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ‪. ‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻧﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺑﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٩/٤‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﰲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ ﺏ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻭﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺴﻴﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ (٦٠ :٦٥٢/٢‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ )‪.(١١٢/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻌﲑﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ )‪ (٥٩ :٦٥٢/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٩/٤‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪.(١٤١٤٢ :٢٢/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﲟﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٧٠-٦٩/٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ )‪ (١٣٠٦ :٦٣٥/٢‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ (١٤١٣٩ :٢١/٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻻ ﺭﺑﺎ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻮﺯﻥ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺆﻛﻞ ﻭﻳﺸﺮﺏ«‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ ،(١١٠/٦‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪.(٢٨٦/٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻛﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻄﻌﻮﻣ ﹲﺔ ﻣﻜﻴﻠ ﹸﺔ ﺟﻨﺲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﻄﻌﻮﻣ ﹲﺔ ﻣﻮﺯﻭﻧ ﹸﺔ ﺟﻨﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (١٦٤/٥‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٠/٤‬ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ (٦١ :٦٥٢/٢‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪.(١١٥/٦‬‬
‫‪ ٦١٦‬‬

‫‪] -٢٠٠١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ]ﻛﺎﻥ[ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪-‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﺆﻛﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻻ ﻳﺆﻛﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻴﺦ ﻭﺍﻷﺗﺮﺝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳋﺮﺑﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺯ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻪ‪ .. -‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﺪﺩ‪‬ﺍ؛ ﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﺳ ﹶﻄﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺒ ‪‬ﲑ ‪‬ﻩ‬ ‫ﺻﻐ ‪‬ﲑ ‪‬ﻩ‬ ‫ﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻭﻳﺼ ‪‬‬ ‫‪، -٢٠٠٢‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺯﻧ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻒ ﻭﺯ ﹶﻥ ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ‪‬ﺓ)‪ (٦‬ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﻮﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻀﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻒ‪ (٧‬ﰲ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻥ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻮ ﹺﺭ)‪(٩‬؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ]ﻻ[‬
‫ﺱ )ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪] -٢٠٠٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﻀﺒﻂ)‪ (١٠‬ﺑﺴﻦ)‪ (١١‬ﻭﻻ ﺫﺭﻉ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍ ﹸﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺴ ‪‬ﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ)‪ (١٣‬ﻭﺍﳉﺴﻢ)‪ ،(١٤‬ﻭﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌ ﹺﻢ ﺑﲏ ﻓﻼﻥ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٠٤‬ﻭﻳﻮﺻ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٦٥/٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻮﺯﻥ ﻓﻴﻀﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ"‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪.(١٤/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺼﻔﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺻﻐﲑﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺒﲑﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٤٢-٢٤١/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٨/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٦٩/٤‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻀﺒﻂ ﺻﻔﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺻﺎﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٤٠٦/٥‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻌﻮﺩﻱ ﻣﺜ ﹶﻞ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٣٠٥/١‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﻣﺜ ﹸﻞ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺟﻮﺍﺯﻩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٢٠/٤‬ﻭﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻫﲑ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ »ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ«‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٣٨‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١١١/٢‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ‪» ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ« ﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺃﻭﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺴﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (١١‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺬﺭﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﳉﻨﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٤٦/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٠/٤‬‬
 ‫‪٦١٧‬‬

‫ﻼ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‪@ ..‬ﺑﲏ ﻓﻼﻥ!‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﳜﻠﻒ)‪ (١‬ﻣﺎ ﺳﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫‪ -٢٠٠٥‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﻤﻲ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‪‬ﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﻠﻒ)‪ (٢‬ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺳﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﻗﺮﻳ ﹰﺔ ﲣﻠﻒ)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪‬ﺳﻤ‪‬ﻰ)‪ (٤‬ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٠٦‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳋﺸﺐ ﺑﺬﺭﺍﻋﻪ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻲ)‪ (٧‬ﺍﳉﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺩ ﹶﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻏﻠﻈﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺩﻗﱠﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍ‪‬ﺋ‪‬ﻴﺘ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٩‬ﰲ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (١٠‬ﱂ ﻳﻀﺒﻂ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﻓﺎﺳﺪ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﺿﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺏ ]ﺍﻷﲪﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻮﺏ ﺍﻵﺟﺮ[‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻥ‬ ‫‪ -٢٠٠٧‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻢ‪ (١٢)/‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭ)‪ (١٤‬ﻋﺮﺿﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻭﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺻﻐﲑﻩ ﻭﻛﺒﲑﻩ)‪.(١٦)(١٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٠٨‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﲰﻰ ﻓﺨﺬﻩ ﻭﺟﻨﺒﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﲰﻰ ]ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺓ[ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻭﲰﻰ ﺻﻐﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻛﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪ /‬ﻭﲰﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻋﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺄﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺟﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮ ﻭﺍﻹﺑﻞ ﻳﺴﻤﻲ)‪ (٢‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﻨﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳜﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﻝ ﺣﺮﻓﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﻝ ﺣﺮﻓﲔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲣﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٠/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻏﻠﻄﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٩‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٥٩-٢٥٨/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٦/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٠٦‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺒﲑﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٧٣/٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﻮﺯﻭﻧ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ"‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٣٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪(٢٧/٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٦١٨‬‬

‫ﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻭﺱ)‪(٤‬؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻀﺒﻂ)‪ (٥‬ﺑﺬﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻁ ﻭﺯﻧ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﺒ‪‬ﻂ؛‬ ‫‪ -٢٠٠٩‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﳊ ‪‬ﺪﹶﻗ ﹸﺔ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺟﻮﺯﺗﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﺃﺟﺰﻩ)‪ (١١‬ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺯﻥ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫َﻷ ﱠﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻳﻄﺮﺡ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻓﺮ)‪ (٩) (٨‬ﻭﺍ ﹶ‬
‫)‪(١٥‬‬ ‫)‪(١٤‬‬ ‫‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﺃﺟﻨﺎﺳ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻐﲑ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﻭﻛﺒﲑ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﳊﻴﺘﺎ ‪‬ﻥ‬ ‫‪ -٢٠١٠‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ )ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟﹶﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺯﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻘﺒﺾ)‪ ،(١٦‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻮﺯ ﹸﻥ ﹶﺫ‪‬ﻧﺒ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﺭﹾﺃﺳ‪‬ﻬﺎ)‪.(١٧‬‬
‫]ﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺧﻠﻘﺘﻬﺎ)‪[(١٩‬‬ ‫)‪(١٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠١١‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻠﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻷﻫﺐ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻀﺒﻂ‬
‫ﺑﺬﺭﻉ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻨﺴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻤﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٢٥/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢١-٢٠/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻀﺒﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﻝ ﺣﺮﻓﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻷ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﻣﺸﺎﻓﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺸ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪) (٢٠٩/١٢‬ﺷﻔﺮ(‬‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍ ﹶﳌﺸ‪‬ﺎﻓ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻔﺮﺩﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﻣ‪‬ﺸﻔﹶﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﲑ ﻛﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻌ ﹺﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻔﻦ‪ .‬ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪) (٢٠٧/١٢‬ﺷﻔﺮ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍ َﻷ ‪‬ﺷﻔﹶﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻔﺮﺩﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺷ‪‬ﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻨﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﳊﺪ‪‬ﻗ ﹸﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﻳﺮ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ‪ .‬ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ )‪ .(٣٨/١٠‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺟﺰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺯ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٢٩/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٢/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﰲ ﳊﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺒﺾ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٢٢٨/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٢/٤‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮﳘﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪.(٤٤٧/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻀﺒﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻀﺒﻂ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٦١٩‬‬

‫‪ -٢٠١٢‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﰲ ﻟﱭ ﺣﺎﻣﺾ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻻ ﻟﱭ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺯﺑﺪﻩ)‪(٣‬؛ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳜﺮﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﺑﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻯ ﻛﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﱭ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪ ﺍﳊﻤﻮﺿﺔ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻤﻮﺿﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ)‪ (٥‬ﻭﺃﺷﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ‪.‬‬
‫ﺾ)‪ ..(٦‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ ]ﺑﻪ[)‪.(٧‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٠١٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺳﻠﻒ ﰲ ﻟﱭﹴ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹴ‬
‫‪ -٢٠١٤‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ)‪ (٨‬ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻒ)‪ (٩‬ﰲ ﺍﳉﱭ ﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (١٠‬ﺳﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻟﻴﻮ ﹴﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻮﻣﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻲ)‪ (١١‬ﻳﺎﺑﺴ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (١٢‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻟﻴﺒﻮﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻗﺪﱘ ﻭﻻ ﻋﺘﻴﻖ)‪.(١٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠١٥‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻟﻮﺫﺝ)‪ (١٥‬ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻴﺔ)‪ (١‬ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻫﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻄﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻓﺎﻭﻳﻪ)‪.(٣) (٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٥٧-٢٥٦/٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻉ؛ ﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺧﻠﻘﺘﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﺒﻂ ﺑﺬﺭﻉ ﲝﺎﻝ"‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ‬
‫)‪ ٣٠٥/١‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ )ﺹ‪ (٩٨‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ .(٤٤٢/٣‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ٣١٨/٩‬ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ(‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٢١٦/٤‬ﻭﻻ ﺧﲑ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻠﻒ ﰲ ﻟﱭ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺎﻣﺾ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺣﺎﻣﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﻳﻮﻣﲔ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻳﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﲪﻮﺿﺘﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻓﻴﻪ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٣٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٣/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻟﱭ ﳐﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢١٩/٤‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٣٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٤/٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻀﺮ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳊﻤﻮﺿﺔ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻛﱪ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳐﺾ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢١٥/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٣/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺩﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺎﺑﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺣﺮﻳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٢٢-٢٢١/٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺟﱭ ﻏﲑ ﻗﺪﱘ‪ ...‬ﻭﻻ ﺧﲑ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺟﱭ ﻋﺘﻴﻖ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻗﺪﱘ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻏﲑ ﳏﺪﻭﺩ"‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٦/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ( ﻣﻐﲏ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٠٩/٢‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻤﺢﹺ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺼﻨﻊ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻟﻔﻆ‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻟﻮﺫﺝ ﺣﻠﻮﺍﺀ ﺗﺼﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﹸﻟﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﹺ‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺮ‪‬ﺏ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪ (١٩٦/٤‬ﻭ)‪ ،(٤٥٤/٩‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٧٠٠/٢‬ﻣﺎﺩﺓ )ﻓﻠﺬ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٦٢٠‬‬

‫ﻱ)‪ (٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺞ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻲ)‪ (٧‬ﺟﻨ ‪‬‬

‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺗ‪‬ﻪ؛‬ ‫‪ -٢٠١٦‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻒ ]ﰲ[ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺒ ﹺﻖ)‪ (٤‬ﻭﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﳋ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺘﻪ)‪ (٨‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ)‪ ،(١٠) (٩‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻬﺎ‪ (١١)/‬ﳌﺎ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻬﺎ)‪ (١٢‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﺎﻭﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻀﺒﻂ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫‪] -٢٠١٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ )ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ‪ (١٤‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ)‪.(١٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺧﻼﻁ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ )ﻏﻼ(‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﺎﰿ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ) ﺝ ( ﺃﻓﺎﻭﻳﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪.(٧٠٧/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻮﻩ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻞ ﻳﻌﺎ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﳌﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻊ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ‬ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪:(٢٦٨/٤‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫"ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻄﺎ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ ..‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩ ﹺﺭ ﻛﻢ ﻗﺒﻀﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻻ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻨﺖ ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺃﺳﻠﻔﺖ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﳎﻬﻮﻝ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٢٦٨/٤‬ﻭ‪ (٢٧١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٦/٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺒﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺒﻖ‪ :‬ﻧﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺒﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ ﺯﻫﺮ ﻃﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺋﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺯﻧﺒﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻫﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﲰﲔ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ‬
‫)‪.(٤٠٢/١‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﳋﲑﻯ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﳊﲑﻯ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻟﻪ ﺯﻫﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺻﻔﺮﻩ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺮﺝ ﺩﻫﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻱ‪ :‬ﻧﺒﺎ ‪‬‬‫ﳋ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬‬
‫)‪.(٢٦٤/١‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ) ﻓﻴﻮﻻ ( ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻴﺔ ﻳﺰﺭﻉ ﻟﻠﺰﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﻟﺰﻫﻮﺭﻩ ﻋﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺋﺤﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻌﺠﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺞ‪ :‬ﻧﺒﺎﺕ ﺯﻫﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪.(٧١/١‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٨‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻭﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٢٣٢-٢٣١/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٣٦‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٧١/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ١٦/٤‬ﻭ‪.(٢٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺲ‪ ..‬ﻓﺜﺎﺑﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٧٨/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٤٨/٣‬‬
 ‫‪٦٢١‬‬

‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﰲ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﺮ‬ ‫‪ -٢٠١٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (١‬ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﺎﻳﻌﺎﻥ‪ (٢)/‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ‪» :‬ﺃﺳﻠﻤﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﺩﺭﳘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﻰ«‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪» :‬ﱂ ﻳﻨﻘﺾ ﺑﻌﺪ«‪ ..‬ﲢﺎﻟﻔﺎ ﻭﺍﻧﻔﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠١٩‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ)‪ (٦‬ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﹸﻛﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺗﻔﻘﺎ)‪ (٧‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻪ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ‪ ..‬ﱂ‬
‫ﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٢٠‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ)‪ (١٠‬ﳑﺎ)‪ (١١‬ﻳﻔﺴﺦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ)‪.(١٣) (١٢‬‬
‫)‪(١٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٢١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺩ‪‬ﻋﻰ ﺃﺣﺪ‪‬ﳘﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺎﻟﻔﻪ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ)‪ (١٤‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪» :‬ﺃﺳﻠﻔﺘﲏ‬
‫ﺩﺭﳘﹰﺎ‪/٩٩)/‬ﺏ( ]ﺃﻭ ﺛﻮﺑ‪‬ﺎ)‪ [(١٦‬ﰲ ﻛﺬﺍ)‪ ،«(١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ‪» :‬ﺑﻞ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ«‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻔﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ)‪(٢‬؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﱂ ﳚﺘﻤﻌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺻﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٠٧‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﳘﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ‪" :‬ﻛﺬﺍ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ ﻻ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻛﺎﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪(٢٨٣/٤‬؟؟؟ ﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﳐﺎﻟﻒ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺳﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﺗﻔﻘﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳌﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٥٧٩/٣‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺪﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻧﺼﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ‪ (١٦٤ / ٩) -‬ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬
‫)ﻭﺍﺻﺤﻬﻤﺎ( ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﰉ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﻍ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺪﻋﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻻﻥ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺩ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻨﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻰ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺟﻞ ﰲ ﻃﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺎ ﻓﺎﺩﻋﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻧﻜﺮﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٥٧٩/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺜﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺳﻠﻔﲏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﺛﻮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٦٢٢‬‬

‫‪ -٢٠٢٢‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻔﺴﺪ‪ ..‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺗﻔﻘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺟﻞ ﰒ ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ]ﺑﻪ[ ﺇﺑﻄﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪]» :‬ﻗﺪ[ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﲏ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻚ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﱴ ]ﻣﺎ[ ﺷﺌﺖ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻄﻴﺘﻚ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻣﱴ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺌﺖ ﻓﺴﺨﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ«‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻄﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻼﻡ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٢٣‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻟﻮ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﹶﺓ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﻣﻊ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻼﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪..‬‬
‫ﲢﺎﻟﻔﺎ ﻭ)‪ (٧‬ﺗﻔﺎﺳﺨﺎ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٢٤‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﺍﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻠﻢ‪ ..‬ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ)‪ ،(٩‬ﺇﻻ ﺩﻋﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ )ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ‪(١٠‬؛ ﻓﺈﻧﺎ ﻻ ﻧﻘﺒﻞ)‪ (١١‬ﺩﻋﻮﻯ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﺒﻠﻪ)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺘﺤﺎﻟﻔﺎﻥ)‪ (١٣‬ﻭﻳﺘﻔﺎﺳﺨﺎﻥ)‪.(١٤‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺩﺭﻫ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ :‬ﻻ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺑﻌﺘﻜﻪ ﺑﺪﺭﻫﻢ ) ‪‬ﻭ ﹺﺯ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ‬ ‫‪ -٢٠٢٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (١٥‬ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﲦ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻮ ﹺ‬
‫‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ﹴﺮ‪ (١٦‬ﺃﻭ ﺟﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻴﺘ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺛﻮﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻪ‪ ..‬ﲢﺎﻟﻔﺎ ﻭﺗﻔﺎﺳﺨﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ]ﻭﻛﻞ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ[‬
‫ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻫﺎ)‪ (١‬ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﺣﺮﺍﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻭ ﺣﻼ ﹰﻻ‪ ..‬ﺃﺣﻠﻔﻨﺎﻩ)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻓﺴﺨﻨﺎ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪.(٤٥٤/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻟﻌﻠﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﳌﺒﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٥٧٩/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٤٥٤/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٥٧٧/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٨٣/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٥٧٧/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺘﺤﺎﻟﻔﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺘﻔﺎﺳﺨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺭﻕ ﲪﺮ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
 ‫‪٦٢٣‬‬

‫‪ -٢٠٢٦‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ)‪ (٦‬ﺩﻋﻮﻯ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺳﻠﻤﻪ)‪ (٧‬ﺇﱃ ﻓﻼﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ)‪ (٨‬ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﺣﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺎﻉ‪ ،(٩)/‬ﻭﺛﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻑ ﺑﺄﺳ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻨﻢ ]ﻓﻼﻥ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٠٢٧‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺻﻮﻓﹸﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺮﻁ ﻭﺯﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﻏﻨﻢ ﺑﲏ ﻓﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﻨ ‪‬ﻢ[ ﺑﲏ ﻓﻼﻥ ﻏﻨ ‪‬ﻢ ﻻ ﳜﻠﻒ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻲ)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻑ ﻭﻗﺼﺮﻩ ﻭﻟﻴﻨﻪ)‪ (١٤) (١٣‬ﻭﻟﻮﻧﻪ)‪.(١٥‬‬
‫)‪(١٦‬‬
‫ﳚﻮﺯ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺑﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺶ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ‪ ..‬ﻻ‬ ‫‪ -٢٠٢٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﳜﻠﻒ)‪ (١٧‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳛﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺣﻘﻪ)‪.(١٨‬‬
‫ﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﻃﻴﺲ)‪(١٩‬؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﲟﱰﻟ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻴﺎﺏ)‪.(٢) (١‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٢٩‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻓﺴﺨﻨﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٢٨٣/٤‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٧‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺃ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﺤﺎﻟﻔﺎﻥ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻧﻜﻞ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻭﺣﻠﻒ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪ ..‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻫﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻠﻤﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٠٨‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﻝ ﺣﺮﻓﲔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳜﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﻝ ﺣﺮﻓﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﺒﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻛﻮﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻧﺎﺙ؛ ﻷﻥ‬ ‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٤/٤‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻳﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻑ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺻﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻮﻑ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺙ ﺃﺷﺪ ﻧﻌﻮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻨﻮﺍ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﲔ ﻭﺍﳋﺸﻮﻧﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٦٠/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٤/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﻝ ﺣﺮﻓﲔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳜﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٢٧-٢٢٦/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١١/٤‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺑﺮ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﻏﺪ‪.‬‬‫)‪ (١٩‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﺮﻃﹶﺎﺱ‪ :‬ﻧ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٦٢٤‬‬

‫‪ -٢٠٣٠‬ﻭﻻ ]ﺑﺄﺱ[ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺰ)‪ (٣‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺻﻔﺘﻪ ﻭﻭﺯﻧﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫ﺏ ﻭﺯﻧ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻛﻴﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﻒ ﰲ ﻛﻴﻞ‪..‬‬‫‪ -٢٠٣١‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺆﻛ ﹸﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺸﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻼ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻭﺯﻧ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﻳﺪﺧﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻞ‪ /‬ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻣﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻨﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ؛ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺧﺬ ﳎﻬﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٣٢‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺆﻛﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸﺮﺏ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻜﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻮﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﻻ)‪ (٦‬ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻠﻒ ﻛﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ‪..‬‬
‫ﻼ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﻭﺯﻧ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻭﺯﻧ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻛﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺐ)‪ (٨‬ﺇﻻ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰ ﹰﺓ)‪ (٩‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰ ًﹰﺓ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻄﻴﺦ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺎﲰﲔ ﻭﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻄﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫‪ -٢٠٣٣‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺒﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﻀ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻄﻦ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺎﻉ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻛﻞ ﺑﻄﻦ ﺻﻠﺢ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺟﺰﺓ)‪ (١١‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺐ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺒﺪﻭﺍ)‪ (٢‬ﺻﻼﺣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﻴﻊ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﳜﻠﻖ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻴ ﹲﺔ ﻳ‪‬ﻠ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻣ‪‬ﺨﻄﱠﻂ‪ ،‬ﳚﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻭ‪‬ﺑﺮ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛ ِ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ‪ :‬ﺛﹶﻮ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٣٦٦/١٦‬ﻭ)‪.(٤١٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺜﺒﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻧﺺ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٥٧/٤‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﻃﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٥/٤‬ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻴﺎﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ )‪ (٢٨/٤‬ﺟﻮﺍﺯﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻏﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻔﺰ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺰ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٦٢/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٢٥/٤‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺰ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢١٤-٢١٣/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٠/٤‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻼ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢١٤-٢١٣/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٠/٤‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺐ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺐ‪ :‬ﻛﻞ ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﻃﺎﻟﺖ ﻭﺑﺴﻄﺖ ﺃﻏﺼﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻃﺐ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﺠﺮ ﻛﺸﺠﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺜﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺭﻗﻪ ﻛﻮﺭﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺭﻕ ﻭﺃﻧﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﻋﻰ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ ﻭﺭﻗﻪ ﻭﺃﻃﺮﺍﻓﻪ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺷﺒﻌﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻫﺠﺮﺗﻪ ﺣﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻀﺮﺳﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﻮﺭﺛﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺼﻔﺼﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪ ،(٤٩/٤‬ﺍﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ‬
‫)‪.(٧٤١/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺟﺰﻩ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺟﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(١٤٣/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٦٢٥‬‬

‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺎﲰﲔ ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪ -٢٠٣٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ]ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ[‪ :‬ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺑﻄﻨ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (٤‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻄﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺛﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻬﻤﺎ)‪ ..(٦‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺎﻉ ﻟﺴﻨﺘﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻨﻪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٣٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ)‪ (٨‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﻞ)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻭ)‪ (١٠‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻪ ﻟﻴﻘﺼﻠﻪ‬
‫]ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻮﻣﲔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٣٦‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻩ ﻟﻴﻘﻄﻌﻪ[ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٣٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ)‪ (١٣‬ﺃﹶﻳﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ)‪ (١٤‬ﻭﳛﺪﺙ)‪ (١٥‬ﻧﺒﺎﺕ)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ ﺃﺻﻠﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ (١٧)/‬ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ؛‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﺗﺮﻛﻪ)‪ ،(١٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ)‪.(١٩‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺐ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺒﺪﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٩٨/٤‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻭ)‪ ،(١٦٩/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٥٦٦/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻄﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺛﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺛﻰ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺛﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪.(٥٨٣-٥٨٢/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٤٣/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٥٥٨/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٤٤/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٥٥٨/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺟﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻧﺒﺎﺗ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﻝ ﺣﺮﻓﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٣٦‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺬﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٩‬ﻳﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻩ ﻟﻴﻘﻄﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺗﺄﺧﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻃﹰﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺪﻉ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻼ ﲦﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(١٤٤/٤‬‬
‫‪ ٦٢٦‬‬

‫ﻕ ﺑﲔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮﺓ ﺗﺸﺘﺮﻯ)‪ (١‬ﻗﺒﻞ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭ)‪ (٢‬ﺻﻼﺣ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﻘﻄﻌﻬﺎ‪- (٣)/‬ﻓﻴﻘﺮ)‪ (٤‬ﺇﱃ‬
‫‪ -٢٠٣٨‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺬﺍﺫ)‪(٥‬؛ ﻫﺬﺍ ﳚﻮﺯ)‪ (٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺒﻘﺎﺋﻪ ﰲ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻠﺔ ﺿﺮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺮﺍ ٌﺀ)‪ (٧‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺭﺿﻰ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻠﺔ)‪ ..-(٨‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮﺓ ﻻ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ)‪ (٩‬ﰲ ﺃﺻﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺷﻲﺀ‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﰲ ﺃﺻﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﲟﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﳜﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮﺓ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫ﻍ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻨﺴ ‪‬ﺞ ﻣﺼﺒﻮﻏﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﺜﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﳌﺼﺒﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻮ ﹺ‬ ‫‪ -٢٠٣٩‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﺒ ﹶﻎ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻧﺴﺠ ‪‬ﻪ ﱂ ﺗﻀﺒﻂ)‪ (١٥‬ﺻﻔ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻎﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻏﺰ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ ﻣﺼﺒﻮﻏﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺒﻎ)‪(١٤‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ﻭﺟﺎ ‪‬ﺯ)‪.(١٦‬‬
‫ﺿﺒ ﹶ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺪﻭﺍ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺒﺪﻭﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٠٩‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪) :‬ﻗﻴﻞ( ﺃﻭ )ﻣﺜﻞ(‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲡﻮﺯ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﻝ ﺣﺮﻓﲔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳜﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٣١٧/٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﺍﱄ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪" :(٢٨٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺪﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ‪ ...‬ﰒ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺍﺿﻲ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٥٥٦-٥٥٥/٣‬ﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺪﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ‪" :‬ﻭﳚﻮﺯ ﺑﺸﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﲨﺎﻉ‪ ...‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺑﺎﻉ ﺑﺸﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ‪ ..‬ﻭﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺀ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻮ ﺗﺮﺍﺿﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﻛﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫)‪ ،(٢٥٧/٥‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺎﺭ )ﺹ‪.(٢٣٠‬‬
‫‪.،‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٤‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻀﺒﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٧٠/٤‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٤٠٤/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٥/٤‬‬
 ‫‪٦٢٧‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺭﺻﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪ -٢٠٤٠‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﰲ ﻃﺴﺖ ﳓﺎﺱ ﺃﲪﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺷﺒ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻌﺘﻪ)‪ (٣‬ﻭﺛﺨﺎﻧﺘﻪ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ﺃﺻﺢ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٤١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﳓﺎﺱ ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻭ)‪ (٦‬ﺭﺻﺎﺹ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ؛ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻂ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ‪/١٠٠)/‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﺱ ﻣﺎﻟ‪‬ﻪ)‪ ،(١٠) (٩‬ﻭﳛﺘﺞ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺾ ﺭﺃ ﹺ‬
‫ﻒ ﻭﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﺍﻟﺴﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٤٢‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺑﺄﺳ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٤٣‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻗﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ)‪.(١٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺼﻔﹾﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ؟؟‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫ﺸﺒ‪‬ﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﰲ ﻟﻮﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٧٢-٢٧١/٤‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٤١٨/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٧/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳐﺘﻠﻄﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻀﺒﻂ ﻛﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺛﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷُﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٢٧٢/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٦/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٧٣/٤‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٤٥٢/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٢٥-٤٢٤/٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻘﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﺗﻔﻘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻗﺎﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٧٥/٤‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ (١٤١٠٢ :١٣/٢‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ (١٠/٦‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﻗﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﺗﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ‪ ‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﻟﻸﺛﺮ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﰲ ﻃﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺧﺬﺕ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺳﻠﻔﻲ ﻃﻌﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﻌﺘﻪ ﺑﺄﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺗﺎﱐ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﱐ ﺃﺳﻠﻔﺖ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺧﺬ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺭﺃﺱ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‪$ :‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﺟﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻧﺼﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪$ :‬ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ؛ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻌﻀﻪ ﻃﻌﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻪ ﺩﻧﺎﻧﲑ‪.#‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺒﻌﻀﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺧﺮ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺑﻘﻴﺘﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٦٢٨‬‬

‫‪ -٢٠٤٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻴﻌﻪ )ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺒﺾ‪ (١‬ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ)‪(٢‬؛ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻗﺎﻟﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻗﺎﻟﺔ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﻬﻤﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻭﺟﺒﺖ ﺍﻹﻗﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺇﻗﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫‪ -٢٠٤٥‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻗﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﻃﻌﺎ ﹴﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟ ﹴﻞ ﺑﺪﺭﻫ ﹴﻢ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ‪» :‬ﺃﻗﻠﲏ«‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻧﻌﻢ«‪ ..‬ﻭﺟﺒﺖ ﺍﻹﻗﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻔﺮﻗﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ)‪ (٧‬ﺣ‪‬ﺎﻝﱞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻂ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ)‪ (٩‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻔﺮﻗﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﺗﺘﻢ)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻹﻗﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﻔﺮﻗﺎ ﻭ ]ﻗﺪ[‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻫ ﹺﻢ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﺧﺮ‪‬ﻩ)‪ ..(١٢‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﻗﺎﻟﺔ)‪ (١٣‬ﺗﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺿﻲ)‪ (١١‬ﺻﺎﺣ ‪‬‬
‫‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮ‪ :-‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﲪﺮﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺻﻔﺮﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻂ ﳔﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪ -٢٠٤٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪-‬ﰲ )ﺑﺪﻭ ﺻﻼﺡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺟﺎﺯ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ)‪.(١٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٤٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﻀﻪ ﺷﺘﻮﻱ ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻪ ﺻﻴﻔﻲ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺇﻻ)‪ (١٦‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﹸﻛ ﱠﻞ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺎﻟﻪ‪.(٢) (١)/‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﳚﺰﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻗﺎﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻹﻗﺎﻟ ﹸﺔ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻃ ﹰﺔ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻀ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺘﻄﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪،(١٥٨/٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٤٠٦-٤٠٥/٣‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳌﻔﺴﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻌﻘﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﺇﻗﺎﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻄﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﺿﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺆﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺻﻼﺡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٨١/٤‬ﻭ‪ (٩٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٥٥٧/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ﻡ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٦٢٩‬‬

‫)‪(٤)(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻭﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻒ‬
‫ﳉ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍ ﹸ‬
‫‪ -٢٠٤٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪] :‬ﻭ[ ﺍﻹﺑﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺑﺎﺭ؛ ﹸﺃ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆﺑ‪‬ﺮ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٤٩‬ﻭﺍﻹﺑﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺧ ﹶﺬ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻓﻴﺠﻌﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٥٠‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺳﻒ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ]ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ[ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺳﻒ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻞ‪ -‬ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺸﻖ ﺍﳉﻮﺯ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻨﺸﻖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺘﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻞ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٥١‬ﻭﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻹﺑﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻮﺯ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﻚ)‪ :(٨‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺩ ﻭﲢﺒﺐ)‪.(١١) (١٠‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫‪] -٢٠٥٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﰲ ﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﰒ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺭﺟﻞﹴ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﹶﺃﺣ‪‬ﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﺑﻄﻌﺎ ﹴﻡ ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺒﻀ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳍﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺒﻀﻪ ﺍﳌﻮﻫﻮﺏ ﻟﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺪﹶﻗ ﹰﺔ)‪.(٢)[(١‬‬
‫ﻟﺮﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻠﻤﻮﻫﻮﺏ ﻟﻪ ﺇﺟﺎﺭ ﹸﺓ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺠﺪﺩ ﻟﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢١٠‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٢٥٩/٥‬ﺑﺎﳌﻌﲎ ﻣﻌﺰﻭ‪‬ﺍ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻒ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫ﻒ‪ :‬ﻭﻋﺎ ُﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﻊ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺠﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ )‪ (٤١٦/١‬ﻁ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ )ﺟﻒ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﳉ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍ ﹸ‬
‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٨٢/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٥٥٠/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٨١/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٥٥٠/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٨٠/٤‬ﻭ‪ (٨٢‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٢٤١/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٥٥٢/٣‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻪ ﺳﺎﻕ ﻭﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﺳﻨﲔ‬
‫ﻳﺜﻤﺮ ﻛﻞ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻛﺎﻟﺰﺭﻭﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳋﻮﺥ‪ .‬ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪) (٢٩٧/٢٧‬ﻓﺮﺳﻚ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪) :(٧٣/١١‬ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﲢﺒﺐ( ﻭﰲ )‪) : (٧٦/١١‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ ﻭﲢﺒﺐ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﻌﻘﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮﺓ ﻭﺗﻨﺎﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻧﻌﻘﺪﺕ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺛﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻨﻌﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻧﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎ »ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ« ﻭ»ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ« ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻣﻌﺰﻭﺓ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٧٣/١١‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٢٤٥/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ (٥٥٢-٥٥١/٣‬ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٧٣/١١‬‬
‫‪ ٦٣٠‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻟﺔ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪.(٥١٤/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺩﻳﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٦٣١‬‬

‫‪6 4g‬א ‪ xe‬‬

‫‪ -٢٠٥٣‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪
F
E
D





C
B  :(١) ‬‬

‫‪]  J

I

H
G‬ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ ،[٢٨٣ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﰒ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻳﺪﻻﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺟﺎﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﳑﻦ ﺭﻫﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ ﻏﻨﻤﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻖ‬ ‫‪ -٢٠٥٤‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻏﺮﻣﻪ‪.(٥)#‬‬
‫‪] -٢٠٥٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻢ)‪ :(٦‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ‪ :‬ﺫﻫﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ)‪ (٧‬ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻐﺮﻡ ﻣﺎ ﺭﻫﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ)‪./(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٢٨٩/٤‬ﻭ‪ (٣٨٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺎﺯﺗﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﰲ ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪-٥٠/٥‬‬
‫‪.(٥١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﻷﺛﺮ )‪ " :(٣٧٩/٣‬ﹶﻏ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐﻠﹶﻖ ﻏﹸﻠﻮﻗﺎ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳌ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗﻬﹺﻦ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳﻘﹾﺪ ‪‬ﺭ‬
‫ﺴﺘ‪‬ﻔﻜﹼﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺒ‪‬ﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻓﻌ‪‬ﻞ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃ ﹼﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﺘ‪‬ﺤﻘﹼﻪ ﺍﳌ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗﻬﹺﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻫﻨ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺗﺨ‪‬ﻠﻴﺼ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﳌ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄ‪‬ﺑﻄﹶﻠﻪ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍﻫﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺆ ‪‬ﺩ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮ‪‬ﻗﺖ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬ﻌﻴ‪‬ﻦ‪ ..‬ﻣﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ ،(١٣ :٧٢٨/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٤٥/٤‬ﻭ‪ (٣٨٣‬ﻭ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٤‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺳﻞ‬
‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٤٦/٤‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻐﻠﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ ،(٢٤٤١) ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ (٥١/٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﲔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ )‪:٢٥٨/١٣‬‬
‫‪ ،(٥٩٣٤‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ )‪ (٣٢/٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﱪ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻌﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﻓﻮﺻﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻳﺔ )‪" :(٣٢١-٣٢٠/٤‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺻﺤﺢ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﱪ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻖ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻍ )ﺹ‪" :(٧٢٤ :٢٦٥‬ﺍﶈﻔﻮﻅ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻟﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﺟﺢ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﻌﻔﻪ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﺭﻭﺍﺀ )‪.(٢٤٣/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻐﻨﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٦٣٢‬‬

‫‪ -٢٠٥٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ]ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ[ ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﻣﺎﻧﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪] -٢٠٥٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ)‪ (٣‬ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﻠﻴ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻭ ﺛﻴﺎﺑ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻭ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ)‪ (٦‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻈﺎﻫﺮ)‪..(٧‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﻟﻘﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻐ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (٨‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﻠﻎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺩﺍﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺩﺍﺑ ﹰﺔ ﻭﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ)‪ ..(٩‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻣﲔ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﲝﻘﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺿﺎﻉ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﻓﺪﺭﻫﻢ‬ ‫‪ -٢٠٥٨‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗﻴ‪‬ﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﻴﻤ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻫ ﹺﻦ ﺃﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺩﺭﻫ ﹴﻢ ﺭﻫﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺪﺭﻫﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﻫﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺄﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ)‪ ..(١٥‬ﻓﺪﺭﻫ ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﳘﹰﺎ‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﺑﺪﺭﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻘﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﻫﻮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻣﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺪﺭﻫﻢﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ]ﻓﻴﻪ[ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻒ ]ﺇﻻ [ ﺩﺭﳘﹰﺎ)‪.(١) (١٦‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٣٨٣/٤‬ﻭﻏﻨﻤﻪ‪ :‬ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻪ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﺮﻣﻪ‪ :‬ﻋﻄﺒﻪ ﻭﻧﻘﺼﻪ" ﻭﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٤٥‬ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﻷﺛﺮ )‪ " :(٣٩٠/٣‬ﹸﻏ‪‬ﻨﻤ‪‬ﻪ‪ :‬ﺯﻳﺎ ‪‬ﺩﺗ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﳕﺎﺅﻩ ﻭﻓﺎﺿ‪‬ﻞ ﻗﻴ ‪‬ﻤﺘ‪‬ﻪ" ﻭﰲ )‪" :(٣٦٣/٣‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻏﺮﻣﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻀﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺪﻱ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣١١/٤‬ﻭ‪ (٣٨٦-٣٨٥‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪(٩٦/٤‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٦‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٨٨/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺣﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺛﻴﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺷﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻄﺎﻫﺮ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻈﺎﻫﺮ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﻎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻃﺎﻫﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ (٧٣٠/٢‬ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪ (١٤٤/٤‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﻮﻗﻲ )‪ (٢٥٤-٢٥٣/٣‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ‬
‫ﺾ ﺃﹶﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻴﺔ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢١٣‬ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٨٥/٤‬ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺩﺭﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺩﺭﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺩﺭﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٦٣٣‬‬

‫‪ -٢٠٥٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﺃﻣﺎﻧﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ (٢)/‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮﺍ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﺸﻲ ُﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﱂ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺻﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﲨﻌﻮﺍ)‪ (٤‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺿﻊ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍ ﹶﳌ ‪‬ﺪﹺﻧﻴ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻀ ﹶﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺃﻣﺎﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻌﲔ ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪‬ﻗﻴ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫‪$ :(٦)/ ‬ﻟﻪ ﻏﻨﻤﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻏﺮﻣﻪ‪ ،#‬ﻭﺇﲨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ]ﻋﻠﻰ[ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻮ‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫ﺭﻫﻦ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻮﻃﺌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳﺤ‪‬ﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻭﻃﺌﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ‪ ..‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺮﺍﻫﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﺔ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻱ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﻏﲑ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺃﻭﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻣﺎﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺪ ﲣﺎﻟﻒ)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﱄ ﺃﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﻣﱴ ﺷﺌﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﱄ ﺃﺧﺬ ]ﻫﺬﻩ[ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻜﺎﻙ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫]‬ ‫ﺖ ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺳﻨﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻳﻨﹺﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﺛﺎﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٠٦٠‬ﻭﻷﻥ‬
‫‪ [ ‬ﻭﺇﲨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮﺍ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻫﺎﺏ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﰲ ﺯﻭﺍﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺰﻭﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺛﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺏ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﷲ ﻭﺳﻨﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ)‪ [  ] (٤‬ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺰﻭﻝ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺴﻨﺔ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﻣﻀﻤﻮ ﹲﻥ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺃﻣﺎﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻠﺪﻳﻦ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻟﻠﻤﺮ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﺭﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻟﻠﻤﺮ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺃﻣﲔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺤﺎﻭﻱ )ﺹ‪ (٩٣‬ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ )‪ ،(٦٤/٢١‬ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﳍﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٨٦/٤‬ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﺧﺎﻟﻔﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ‪."... :‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢١١‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺷﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/١٤‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ )ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﳛﺪ ﺑﺰﻧﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﻫﻮﻧﺔ( ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ ﰲ ﺍﶈﻠﻰ )‪ (١٢٢٤ :١٠٧/٨‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻐﲏ‬
‫)‪ ٢٣٩/٤‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺘﻌﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺘﻌﺪﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲢﺎﻟﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٦٣٤‬‬

‫‪ -٢٠٦١‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﺿ‪‬ﺎ)‪.(٦‬‬

‫‪ -٢٠٦٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﻣﻦ‪/١٠١)/‬ﺏ( ﻭﺟﻬﲔ؛ ﻓﻤﺎ)‪ (٧‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻮﺯﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ‪) ..‬ﻓﺴﺒﻴﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻜﺎﻝ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻮﺯﻥ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺿﲔ‬
‫ﺨﻠﱠﻰ )ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻪ‪ (٩‬ﻻ ﺣﺎﺋﻞ ﺩﻭﻧﻪ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻗﻴﻖ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﳕﺎ ﻗﺒﻀﻪ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٦٣‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻉ ﺑﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺄﺭﻫﻨﻪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺭﻫﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺗﻔﺮﻗﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺒﺾ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺒﺾ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﰉ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻓﻌﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ؛ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ)‪ (١١‬ﺑﻼ ﺭﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ..(١٢)/‬ﱂ ﳚﺰﻩ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٦٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺮﻁ)‪ (١٤‬ﳕﺎ َﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﳌﺎﺷﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲦﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻪ‪..‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫)ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪(١‬؛ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﹶﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺑﻴﻊ ﻭﺷﺮﻁ ﺑﺮﻫﻦ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﳎﻬﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ‪-‬ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪]  J :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ - [٢٨٣ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ)‪ (٣‬ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﻳﻘﺒﺾ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻧﺒﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺯﻭﺍﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻧﺒﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﺃﻣﺎﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺈﻗﺒﺎﺿﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻘﺒﻀﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٢٩٠/٤‬ﻭ‪ (٣٠٤‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٤١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٤‬ﲢﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٦٧/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺒﻀﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺩﻭﻧﻪ ﻭﺩﻭﻧﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪– (٢٩٥-٢٩٤/٤‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﻛﺎﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٣٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ (٦٥/٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺻﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻘﻮﻝ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ" ﻭﻗﺪ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﰲ )‪ ٥١٧/٣‬ﻭ‪-٥١٩‬‬
‫‪.(٥٢٠‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢١٢‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٠٤/٤‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٤١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٦٥/٤‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻁ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٤‬‬
 ‫‪٦٣٥‬‬

‫‪] -٢٠٦٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻫﻨﻪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺽ)‪ (٥‬ﺟﺎﺯ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ ﺇﻥ ﻓﻠﺲ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎﺕ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳕﺎ ُﺀ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳉﻤﻴ ﹺﻊ ﻏﺮﻣﺎﺋ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻀﺮﺏ ﲟﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﻣﻊ ﻏﺮﻣﺎﺋﻪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﻱ)‪ (١١‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬‫‪ -٢٠٦٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻫﻨﻪ)‪ (٨‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ)‪ (٩‬ﳍﺎ ﻏﻠﺔ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ)‪ (١٠‬ﰒ ﻣﺎﺕ‪ ..‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺠﻤﻴﻊ)‪ (١‬ﻏﺮﻣﺎﺋﻪ ﻭﻳﻀﺮﺏ‬
‫ﲟﺎ)‪ (٢‬ﺑﻘﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﻣﻊ ﻏﺮﻣﺎﺋﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ؛ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﻼ ﺭﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﻧﻘﻀﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺷﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻁ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺯﻭﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﺘﺤﺪﺙ‪ ..‬ﻣﺮﻫﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺻﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ :‬ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻞ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶ‬
‫ﻳﻔﺴﺪ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ؟ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ :‬ﻓﺴﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٢‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺍﱐ )‪.(٥٢/٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٣٢٤/٤‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺭﻫﻨﻪ ﺣﺎﺋﻄﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺃﲦﺮ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻂ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﺿ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺯﺭﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺘﺠﺖ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻂ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺭﻫﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﻌﻪ ﲦﺮ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻂ ﻭﻻ ﺯﺭﻉ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻻ ﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺷﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﲝﻖ ﻭﺍﺟﺐ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻫﻨﻪ ﺣﺎﺋﻄﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺃﲦﺮ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻂ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﺿ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺯﺭﻉ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﻣﻔﺴﻮﺥ ﻛﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺭﻫﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﻣﻔﺴﻮﺧ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺦ ﺃﻭﱃ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﺮﺟﻞ ﺭﻫﻦ ﺩﺍﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺰﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻛﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻏﲑ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ ..‬ﻓﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻁ"‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٣٥٢/٤‬؟؟‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٦٠/٤‬ﻓﺎﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺽ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﰲ ﺻﺤﺔ ﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻻﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺭﻫﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪﻯ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺪﺍ‪ .‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫‪ ٦٣٦‬‬

‫‪ (٤) -٢٠٦٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ]‪ :٢[‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﻛﺎﻟﻘﺒﺾ)‪ (٥‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ)‪.(٦‬‬

‫‪ -٢٠٦٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺭ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺷﻘﺼ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺒﻀﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ)‪ (٧‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺭﻫﻨﻪ)‪(٨‬؛ ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻌﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻉ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺟﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺒﺾ‪.‬‬
‫ﺾ ﺍﳌﺮ‪ ‬ﻦ ]ﺍﻟﺮﻫ ‪‬ﻦ[‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﺟﺎﺭ ﹸﺓ)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻟﺮﻫ ﹺﻦ)‪ (١١‬ﺩﺍﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﲦﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻞ‪،‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٦٩‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻗﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦﹺ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺮﻫﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ)‪.(١٢‬‬ ‫ﻭﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﳌﺎﺷﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٧٠‬ﻭﻟﻠﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﱃ)‪ (١٣‬ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ]ﻛﻠﻪ[‪ ٢‬ﻣﻦ ﻳﻜﺮﻳﻪ‪ /‬ﻭﻳﺒﻴﻌﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻣﺘﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(١٦‬‬ ‫)‪(١٥‬‬
‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﻔﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ ..‬ﱂ‬ ‫‪ -٢٠٧١‬ﻭ]ﺇﺫﺍ[‪ ٢‬ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﻳﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻀﺮﻩ)‪ (١‬ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳉﻤﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٣٥٢/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ )ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ( ﻭﻫﻮ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﺮﺓ ) ( ﺗﻜﺮﺭ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺁﺧﺮ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٥٩‬ﺏ( ﺇﱃ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٦٠‬ﺃ( ﻭﻗﺎﺑﻠﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺿﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ] [‪.٢‬‬
‫‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٢٩٤/٤‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٩٥-٢٩٤/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٢‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٥٥/٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻗﺒﻀﻪ ﺑﻘﺒﺾ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٩‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﺣﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺟﺎﺯﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٣٧/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٣١/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٦٣/٤‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٩٥/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻮﱄ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻮﱃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﱂ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٦٣٧‬‬

‫‪ -٢٠٧٢‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺬﻩ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻠﺔ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﺣﺎ ﹰﻻ)‪ ..(٣‬ﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﰲ ﺣﻘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﻏﲑ ﺣﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺮﺍﻫﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﺮﻳﻪ)‪ ..(٦‬ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﱄ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٧٣‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺍﻣﺘﻨﻊ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻓﻊ)‪] (٤‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ[‪ ٢‬ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ‪/‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﻴﻜﺮﻱ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﱄ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ )ﺟﻮﺯﻧﺎ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ‪ (٩‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺮﺍﻫﻦ)‪ (١٠‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﻭﱂ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻴﻢ)‪ (٧‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻳﻔﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ ..‬ﻣﺜﻞ)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻳﻮﻛﻞ ﻣﺒﺘﺎﻋﻪ)‪ (١٢‬ﺑﺎﻳﻌﻪ )ﺑﻪ ﻟﻪ‪ (١٣‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺴﺨ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٧٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻫ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻲ َﺀ ﻭﺗﺮﺍﺿﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﻌﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻱ ﻋﺪﻝ ﻭﻗﺒﻀﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺾ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ‪» :‬ﻗﺪ ﻗﺒﻀﺘﻪ ]ﻟﻪ[‪ ..«٢‬ﱂ ﲡﺰ)‪ (١٥‬ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺗﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ)‪.(١٧‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﳌﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺣﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪﻉ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻳﺪﻓﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢١٣‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪) :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﺮﻳﻪ(‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﳌﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﱄ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﳌﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺟﻮﺯﻧﺎﻩ ﻷﻥ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪) :‬ﺟﻮﺯﻧﺎ ﻭﻻﻧﻪ(‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺟﻮﺯﻧﺎ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﺒﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳚﺰ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ )ﺏ( ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﲡﺰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪) :‬ﻻ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺪﻭ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٩٦/٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺒﻀﻪ ﻟﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻭﻛﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ"‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪.(٥٢/٦‬‬
‫‪ ٦٣٨‬‬

‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ]ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹶﻞ[ ﺑﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻫﻨﻪ ﺭﻫﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ)‪ (١‬ﻭﺗﻠﻔﺖ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ‪..‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٧٥‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ)‪ (٣‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺖ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ)‪ (٤‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺑﻌﺖ)‪ (٦)/ (٥‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻚ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪] -٢٠٧٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻓﺎﺕ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ[‪.‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹶﻞ ﺑﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (٨‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺭﻫﻨﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﺗﻄﻮﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪،‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٧٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺒﻀﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺭﺩﻩ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺻﻠﻪ ﺗﻄﻮﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻄﻮﻉ ﺍﳊﻤﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻀﻤﻦ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ)‪ (١٠‬ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ؛ ﺑﺄﻣﺮﻩ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٧٨‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ)‪ (١١‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﲏ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻼ)‪ ،(١٣‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ )ﺣﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺃﺭﻫﻨﻚ )ﺑﺎﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ ..(١٢‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻓﺎﺳﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﺑﺎﻃ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ (١٤‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﺮﺿ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﰒ ﺑﺎﻋﻪ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺳﻠﻔﻪ ﺳﻠﻔﹰﺎ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎ‬
‫‪ -٢٠٧٩‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺭﻫﻦ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪/١٠٢)/‬ﺏ( ﺃﻭ ﻋﺪﺩﻩ ﺭﻫﻦ)‪ (١‬ﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ]ﺇﻥ[‪ ٢‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺮﺿ‪‬ﺎ‪..‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻳﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺒﺾ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺑﻴﻌﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻭﺗﻠﻔﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻳﺄﺧﺬ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺄﺧﺬ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻮﺑﺘﻪ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﻠﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪:‬ﺑﻌﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/١٤‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٠٥/٤‬ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٧٠/٤‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺒﻄﻞ ﲟﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٠٦/٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٦٥/٤‬ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﺭﻛﻦ ﰲ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ" ﻭﱂ ﻳﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺭﻫﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﱪﻉ ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺪﺃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺣﺎ ﹰﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻷﻭﱃ ﻭﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻘﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻭﺣﻘﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻘﻄﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ )ﻛﺎﻥ(‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٦٣٩‬‬

‫ﻓﺎﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﳎﻬﻮﻝ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻯ ﻛﻢ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻣﻦ ﲦﻨﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓﻤ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺭﻫﻦ ﺑﺎﻷﻭﻝ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻮ ﺿﺎﻉ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺇﻻ‪ (٣)/‬ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ)‪ (٤‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻭﱃ)‪ (٦‬ﺑﻪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٨٠‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ)‪ (٨‬ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺭﻫﻨﻚ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﺍﳘﹰﺎ)‪ (٩‬ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ؛‬
‫ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺭﻫﻦ ﺑﺎﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﻀﻴﻊ ﻓﻼ)‪) (١٠‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﻫﻨﻪ‪ (١١‬ﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮ ﻓﲑﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٨١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺃﻟﻔﺎ)‪ (١٣‬ﺩﺭﻫﻢ؛ ]ﺃﻟﻒ[ ﺑﺮﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻟﻒ ﺑﻼ ﺭﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﻀﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻟﻔﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ)‪ (١٥‬ﻗﻀﻴﺘﻚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﺮﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ)‪ (١٦‬ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ :‬ﻗﻀﻴﺘﲏ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﻼ ﺭﻫﻦ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ)‪ (١٧‬ﻗﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ)‪.(١٨‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﻫﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻷﻭﱃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢١٤‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻭﱄ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٢٠/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٤‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٦٧-٦٦/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪) :‬ﻳﻮﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻟﺮﻫﻨﻪ(‪ ،‬ﻭ)ﻳﻮﻓﻴﻪ(‪ :‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﻘﻮﻃﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٣٢١/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢٤٤‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٦٧-٦٦/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻟﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﻀﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٨‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٢-١٤١‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٣٠٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٩‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻮ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪ ..‬ﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺷﺎﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳ ﹶﻘﺴ‪‬ﻂ" ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٤٤/٢‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٠٩/٥‬‬
‫‪ ٦٤٠‬‬

‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٨٢‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪) :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﻗﺮ ﻟﻪ‪ (١‬ﺑﻘﺒﺾ ﺃﻟﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ)‪ ..(٢‬ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﺩﻋﻮﺍﻩ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻏﲑﻩ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ﻟﻪ)‪ (٤‬ﺑﺄﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺽ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫]ﻭﺗﻠﻒ[‪ ،٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺩﻳﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ)‪ (٥‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺭﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.(٦)#‬‬
‫‪] -٢٠٨٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺯ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ ﺭﻫﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﱂ ﳛﻞ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳛﻞ ﺭﻫﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ ﻳﺒﺪ)‪ (٧‬ﺻﻼﺣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱂ ﻳﺸﺘﺪ ﺣﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠﱭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻪ؛ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﻘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻳﻄﻴﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮﺓ ﻭﻳﺸﺘﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻉ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ]ﺃﻥ[ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﳝﻮﺕ ﻭﻳﻔﻠﺲ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻣﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺭ‪‬ﻨﺎ)‪ (٩‬ﳍﻤﺎ)‪ ..(١٠‬ﺟﺎﺯ‬
‫‪ -٢٠٨٤‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻫﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺻ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻷ ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻈﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺒﻴﻊ ﳍﻤﺎ ﻭﻳﺮ‪‬ﻦ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٨٥‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺭ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺃﺭﺿ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺷﺠﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (١٢‬ﺃﺭﻫﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ)‪.(١٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻗﺮ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﳌﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﺮﺭﺕ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﲔ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺒﺪﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣١٦/٤‬ﻭ‪ ٣١٨‬ﻭ‪ (٣٣٥‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩٣‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٥٤/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺭ‪‬ﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪. :‬‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٣٦‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩٥-٢٩٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٢‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٥٤/٥‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﻫﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٢٩٨/٤‬ﻭ‪ (٣١٥‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (١٦٩/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٥٣٩/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ( ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٨١/٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١٤‬‬
 ‫‪٦٤١‬‬

‫ﺖ)‪] (٢‬ﺃﻧﻚ[ ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫‪ -٢٠٨٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ‪ :‬ﺭﻫﻨﺘﻚ )ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ /(١‬ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ‪ :‬ﹶﻇ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺭﻫﻨﺘﲏ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺃﻥ ﱄ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻫﻨﺘﲏ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮ ﺃﻥ ﱄ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ)‪ (٣‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ]ﺭﻫﻨ‪‬ﺎ[ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،(٥)/‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻵ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﺭﻫﻨ‪‬ﺎ)‪.(٧) (٦‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﻏﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑﺔ‬ ‫‪] -٢٠٨٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﻮﺏ ﻭﳏﻠﻮﺏ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻠﻪ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٨٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻫ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹶﻞ ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻗﺪ ﺟﲎ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ)‪) (١٠‬ﺻﺎﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﻳ ‪‬ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨ ﹶﺔ‪ (١١‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺟﲎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (١٣‬ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺳﻴﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺭﻫﻨ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﻗﺪ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ)‪.(١٤‬‬
‫)‪(١٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎﻩ‬ ‫‪ -٢٠٨٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﻨﻪ‪ ‬ﰒ ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﻋﺘ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﹲﻝ ﻳﺒﻠ ﹸﻎ ﲦ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪ ..‬ﺃﺧﺬﻧﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ ﲦﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﻭﺃﻋﺘﻘﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ)‪،(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺗﻜﺮﺭﺕ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢١٥‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﻫﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٢٩٨/٤‬ﻭ‪ (٣١٥‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٥٢٢/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١١٢/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﳎﻠﻮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٢٢/٤‬ﻭ‪ (٣٣٩‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٥‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٧٧-٧٦/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٣٢٥/٤‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺭﻫﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺮﻗﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﲞﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻖ ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﺬﻣﺘﻪ ﻣﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٤٥/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٢٤٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٢٣/٢‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٥٦/٥‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺍﱐ )‪.(٥٦/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲦﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٦٤٢‬‬

‫‪ -٢٠٩٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺾ ﲦﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺘﻖ)‪ (٢‬ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻠﻎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻋﺒﺪ)‪،(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٩١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻌﺘﻖ ]ﻋﻠﻴﻪ[ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺑﻌﺪ ﳝﲔ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻋﺘﻘﻪ)‪،(٤‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٩٢‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻮ ﺃﻋﺘﻖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﺾ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻋﺘﻘﻪ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﻝ؛ ﻓﻴﻮﻗﻒ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ ﲦﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪] ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ[)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٩٣‬ﻭ]ﻗﺪ[ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪) -٢٠٩٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪ (٨‬ﺭﻫﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹶﻞ ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﰒ ﺟﲎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻤﺪ‪‬ﺍ)‪(١٠)/(٩‬؛‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻗﺘﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺗﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪..‬‬
‫ﺑﻄﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﻼ ﺭﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺭﻫﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﲝﺎﻟﻪ)‪.(١١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪) (٣٢٧/٤‬ﻫﻞ ﻳﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺍﻡ ﻻ؟؟؟(‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫ ‪‬ﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﳏﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺃﻧﻜﺮ ﺍﳌﺮ‪ ‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻛ ﱠﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻷﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﺃﻧﻪ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ؛ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﳊﻖ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺳﺮ‪‬ﺍ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺬ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٥٢٧/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١١٩/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻋﺘﻘﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﺄﺗﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺘﻔﻖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺮﺭﻩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹲﻞ‪ ..‬ﻋﺘﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ‬
‫ﻀ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٣٢٧/٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺴﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﻭﺃﻧﻜﺮ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ‪ ..‬ﺑﹺﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﺣﻘﱢﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٤٩٦/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٧٦-٧٥/٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٣٠/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(٢٦٠/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪ (١٥٨/٤‬ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ )‪ (١١/٣‬ﺍﳌﻌﻮﻧﺔ )‪ (١٥٥/٢‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﻮﻗﻲ‬
‫)‪.(٢٤٩/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/١٥‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٦٨/٤‬ﻭ‪.(٣٧١-٣٧٠‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٦٤٣‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٩٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﳑﺎ ﻻ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﺎﺋﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻘﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻭ)‪ (٢‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺧﻄﹰﺄ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﳐﲑ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻓﺘﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺎﻳﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺭﻫﻦ‬
‫ﲝﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺺ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﰉ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﺘﻜﻪ‪ ..‬ﹺﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﻓﻘﻀﻲ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﲦﻨﻪ ﺃﺭﺵ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﻀﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻟﻠﻤﺮ‪‬ﻦ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٩٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ‪‬ﺟﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪ (٥)/‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﻫﻦ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‪/١٠٣)/‬ﺏ(‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺣﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺄﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﳝﻨﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺣﻘﻪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺘﺺ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٩٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ‪‬ﺟﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﺟﻨﺎﻳ ﹰﺔ ‪-‬ﺧﻄﹰﺄ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻤﺪ‪‬ﺍ)‪ -(٨‬ﳑﺎ ﻻ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺐ ﺭﻫﻦ)‪] (٩‬ﲦﻨ‪‬ﺎ[ ﻟﺒﻌﻀﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺑﺴﺒ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻋﻔﻮ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ؛ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﺎ ﹲﻝ ﻭﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻼ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻪ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٢٠٩٨‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ)‪ (١١‬ﻟﻮ ﻗﹸﺘﻞ ﺧﻄﹰﺄ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻉ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟﻠﻬﺎ)‪.(١٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﹸﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ‪ ..‬ﺑﻄﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪ ..‬ﺑﻄﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﺺ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺭﻫﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﲝﺎﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٠٤/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٤٠/٢‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٩٧-٩٦/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻘﺺ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٧٠-٣٦٩/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٠٤/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢١٦‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٧٢/٤‬ﻭ)‪ ٦٥/٧‬ﻭ‪ (٦٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٧‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪ (٩٥-٩٤/٥‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﻑ‪.(١٩٧٢) :‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﻫﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٧٧/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٧‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٩٥/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٧٦/٤‬ﻭ)‪ (٦٦/٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٧‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٩٥/٥‬‬
‫‪ ٦٤٤‬‬

‫‪] -٢٠٩٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ)‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻴﻊ ﺭﻫﻨﻪ ﻭﻳﻘﺒﺾ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ؛ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻼ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﰲ ﺑﻴﻊ ﻭﻻ ﻗﺒﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﺑﺎﻉ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻣﺮﺩﻭﺩ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪..‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﻛﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺋﺘ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﺭﺩ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٠٠‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ ﰲ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻧﻜﻞ‪ ..‬ﺣﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺩﺩ]ﻧﺎ[ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ)‪ (٥‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٠١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ]ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ[‪ :‬ﳚﻮﺯ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﺑﺄﻣﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻗﺘﻀﺎﺅﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻣﺮﻩ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٠٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﻞ )ﻭﺻﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻭﻛﻴﻞ‪ (٧‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﺏ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﻥ)‪ (٨‬ﺑﺎﻉ ﺳﻠﻌﺔ ﳌﻦ ﻭﻛﱠﻠﻪ ﺑﺜﻤﻦ ﺗﺎﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻓﺰﺍﺩﻩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻔﺮﻗﺎ ﻓﺄﻧﻔﺬﻫﺎ ﻟﻸﻭﻝ)‪ ..(٩‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻣﺮﺩﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻗﺪ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﻨﻈﺮ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫)‪(١٣‬‬ ‫‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪..‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﺟﲎ‬ ‫ﺭﻫﻦ )ﻋﺒﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫‪] -٢١٠٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﹸﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ)‪ (١٤‬ﺑﻪ)‪ ،(١٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (١‬ﻋﺪﻯ ﺃﺣﺪ‪‬ﳘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ‪ ..‬ﻗﺘﻞ ﺑﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٨٩-٨٨/٤‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪. ( ٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﻴﻞ ﻭﻭﺻﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٩٣-٩٢/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﻘﻮﻃﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺀ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﻘﻮﻃﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﳍﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﻫﻮﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻟﻠﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺮﻫﻮﻥ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻫﻮﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ (١٠٥/٤) .‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٧‬؟؟‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٦٤٥‬‬

‫‪ -٢١٠٤‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺭﻫﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺑﺪﻧﺎﻧﲑ ﻓﺠﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺑﻠﺪ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﳉﻨﺎﻳ ﹶﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺧ ﹶﺬ ﺍﻟﺴﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﰒ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﺮﻓﹶﻬﺎ ﺩﻧﺎﻧﲑ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺃﰉ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ)‪ (٥‬ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﺮ‪ ‬ﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﻣﺎ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﱃ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﻴﻊ‬ ‫‪ -٢١٠٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ )ﺍﻟﺴﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ‪ (٧‬ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺎﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻐ‪‬ﺎ ﻳﻌﻘﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺁﰒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻠﻒ‪/‬‬
‫]ﻓﻴﻬﺎ[ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﺮﻫ ﹴﻦ ﻏﲑﹺﻩ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٠٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺻﺒﻴ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻋﺠﻤﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻘﻞ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﻴﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﻳﺔ‪ ..‬ﹸﻛﱢﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴ ‪‬ﺪ )ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ‪ /(١٢‬ﲟﺜﻞ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﲦﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺭﻫﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺟﲎ‬ ‫‪] -٢١٠٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ﺳﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﻫﻮﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺮﻫﻮﻥ‬
‫]ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺔ[ ﻋﻤﺪ‪‬ﺍ)‪ (١٥‬ﻭﺃﻧﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﱂ ﻳﺼﺮﺡ ﲝﻜﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﻏﲑﳘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﺪﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٧‬ﻭﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٠٤/٤‬ﺃﻥ ﺣﻖ ﺍ‪‬ﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻖ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺃﻭﱃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻛﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﻘﻮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺪﻧﺎﻧﲑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﱂ ﺃﺟﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(١٠٠/٤‬ﻟﻮ ‪‬ﺟﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﻫﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺵ‪ ..‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﻌﻞ ﰲ ﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻩ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺳﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢١٧‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٠٤/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﲑ ﳑﻴﺰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳑﻴﺰ‪‬ﺍ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﻐ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﺄﺫﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٠٤/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻛﺄﻥ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺄﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٠٤/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻛﺮﺭﺕ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ .‬ﰲ ﻡ ؟؟‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٠٤/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺮﻫﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٦٤٦‬‬

‫‪ -٢١٠٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻫﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹰﺔ ﻓﺤﻤﻠﺖ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﺮﺏ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺑﻄﻨ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻓﺄﻟﻘﺖ ﺟﻨﻴﻨﻬﺎ)‪ ..(٢‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻤ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻷَﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﲪﻠﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺭﻫﻨﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ)‪.(٥) (٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٠٩‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -٢١١٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﲎ ﺍﻟﺴﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﻫﻮ ‪‬ﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺟﲎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ )‪ (٦‬ﺭﻫﻨ‪‬ﺎ)‪.(٨) (٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢١١١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﲎ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﺮﻫﻮ ‪‬ﻥ ﻓﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺳﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺭﻗﺒﺘﻪ ﲜﻨﺎﻳﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﻭﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﰲ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺎﻳﺔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺣﱴ ﳚﺘﻤﻌﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺃﺻﻞ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺵ ﰲ ﲦﻦ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﳛﻮﻝ)‪ (٩‬ﺇﱃ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ ﻏﲑﻩ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺮﺿﺎﳘﺎ)‪.(١١) (١٠‬‬ ‫ﻭﺟﺐ ﳍﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ (١‬ﲦﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻄﻴﺨ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻟﺒﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﳜﺸﻰ)‪ (٢‬ﻓﺴﺎﺩﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫‪ -٢١١٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻫﻦ )ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﳛﻞ‪ (٣)/‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ)‪ (٤‬ﻗﻮﻻﻥ؛‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٦٩/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٢١/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺟﻨﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٠٣/٤‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﳏﻤﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺭﻫﻨﻪ ﺃﹶﻣ ﹰﺔ ﻣﺘﺰﻭﺟ ﹰﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺭﻫﻨﻬﺎ ﻹ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ‪.،‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٠٣/٤‬ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺭﻫﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﻛﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ )ﺃ( ﻓﻠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺳﺦ ﻇﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺳﻬﻮ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺻﻠﺤﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻻ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺳﻴﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﳏﺘﻤﻞ ﻷﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﹰﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺵ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺭﻫﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺮﻫﻮﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﲝﺎﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٧٩/٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٨٤/٤‬ﻟﻮ ﺃﺫﻥ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﻟﻠﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﰲ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﻫﻮﻥ ﻓﻬﻠﻚ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺏ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺄﺫﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺃﺫﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻁﺀ ﻭﺃﺣﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺩ‪‬ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﺮﺑﻪ ﻓﻬﻠﻚ‪..‬‬
‫ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳚﻮﺯ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺿﺎﺋﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ .(٣٨١/٤‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٥١٤/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٠٢/٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﳊﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺵ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺫﻥ‪ ..‬ﺻﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺄﺧﻮﺫ ﻣﺮﻫﻮﻧ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺬﺍ ﻧﻘﻠﻮﻩ"‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٦٤٧‬‬

‫‪ -٢١١٣‬ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﳛﻴﻂ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻔﺴﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﶈﻞ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪ -٢١١٤‬ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﺎﻑ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ‪‬ﻩ ﻓﻴﺄﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﺼﻼﺣﻪ‬
‫ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﺑﻴﺒﺲ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ -‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢١١٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺄﰐ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﺎﻑ ﻓﺴﺎﺩﻩ)‪.(٩‬‬

‫‪x'5Š6 P‬א ‪ xe‬‬

‫ﲔ)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﻭﻳﺪﻓﻌﻪ ﺇﱃ‬
‫‪ -٢١١٦‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪] :‬ﻭ[ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻷﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺰﻋﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻜﺮ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ‪ (١)/‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﺑﺜﻤﻦ ﺭﻫﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺄﺧﺬﻩ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳ‪‬ﻘﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨ ﹶﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻊ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/١٥‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ )ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﲡﻔﻴﻔﻪ(‪ ،‬ﻻ ﰲ )ﻣﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﲡﻔﻴﻔﻪ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺈﺻﻼﺣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ )ﻣﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﲡﻔﻴﻔﻪ(‪ ،‬ﻻ ﰲ )ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﲡﻔﻴﻔﻪ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٣٣٧/٤‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻳﻔﺴﺪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ ..‬ﻛﺮﻫﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺃﻓﺴﺨﻪ" ﻭﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪(١٣٩‬‬
‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﺍ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻏﲑﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ‪‬ﻩ ﻓﻠﻪ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺴﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﻣﻜﻦ ﲡﻔﻴﻔﻪ‪ ..‬ﺻﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻔﻴﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻔﻴﻒ؛‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﻫﻨﻪ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻝﱟ‪،‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺆﺟﻞ ﳛﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﺴﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺰﻣﻦ ﻳﺴﻊ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺆﺟﻞ ﳛﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺴﺎﺩﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺷﺮﻁ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻓﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﺭﻫﻨ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ‪ ..‬ﺻﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ .‬ﺍ‪.‬ﻫـ‪ .‬ﻣﻠﺨﺼ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٣‬ﻭﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٥٩-٥٧/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺄﰐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻠﻴﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٦٤٨‬‬

‫‪ -٢١١٧‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ‪ (٥)/‬ﻳﺮﺳﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ )ﺑﺎﳌﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﻛﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪،‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺻﻲ‪/١٠٤)/‬ﺏ( ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﻓﻌﻮﺍ)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺑﻴﻨ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ..‬ﺿﻤﻨﻮﺍ؛ ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ ]ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪.[٦ :‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‪ (٨) ‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﺎﻣﻰ‪    :‬‬

‫‪ -٢١١٨‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺿﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻣﻨﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﳍﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺃﳝﺎ‪‬ﻢ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٢١١٩‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪» :‬ﺭﺩﺩﻧﺎ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ)‪ «(١٠‬ﻭﺃﻧﻜﺮ ﺭﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﻴﻞ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﳝﻴﻨﻪ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻭﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﻟﺪﻓﻌﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﻱ)‪] (١٢‬ﺑﺪﻓﻌﻪ[‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﲟﺎ ﺩﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻹﺷﻬﺎﺩ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﺎﻣﻰ ]ﻭ[ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﺎﻣﻰ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﺋﺘﻤﻨﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﺋﺘﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻷﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻟﻮﻛﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻣﺮﻭﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﻭﻛﻼﺀ ﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﻣﺮﻭﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ )ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺃﻣﻨﺎﺀ‪ (١٥‬ﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﻭﻛﻠﻮﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻠﻮﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﻭﺻﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ؛‬
‫ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﻗﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢١٨‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﺄﺧﺬ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻓﲔ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﺮﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٣٥٣/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٢٤‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺑﺎﳌﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﻓﻌﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٥٣/٤‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٢٥/٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﻴﻞ ﻳﺪ ﺃﻣﺎﻧﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٤٢/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺘﻌﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺘﻌﺪﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٥‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
 ‫‪٦٤٩‬‬

‫‪] -٢١٢٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﻭﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﻓﺤﻀﺮ]ﻩ[ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﺑﺪﻧﺎﻧﲑ ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻠﻔﺎ؛ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﻪ)‪ (١‬ﺑﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ‪ :‬ﺑﺪﻧﺎﻧﲑ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺑﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ‬
‫ﺑﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻣﺮﺩﻭﺩ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺿﺎﻣﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻫﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺍﳊﺎﻛ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺄﻣﺮﻩ )ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻴﻊ‪ (٣‬ﺑﺎﻷﻏﻠﺐ)‪ (٤‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٢١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻴﻊ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻌﺪﻯ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﻓﺒﺎﻋﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻠﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﺟﺰﻧﺎ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻱ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻱ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻼ ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺩﺍﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ‬‫‪ -٢١٢٢‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺭﻫﻦ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﻓﺎﺳﺪ‪‬ﺍ)‪.(١٢) (١١‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..(١٠)/‬ﻓﺎﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﺧﺎﺭ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺑﺘﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺪﺭﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺒﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻏﻠﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٥٣/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٩٢/٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﰒ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﺻﺮﻑ ﻧﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻮ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ ﲜﻨﺲ ﺣﻖ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٣١٥/٤‬ﻟﻮ ﻋﲔ ﻣﻜﺎﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻮﻕ ﻭﳓﻮﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﻧﻈﺮ؛ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﻏﺮﺽ‬
‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ؛ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺟﻮﺩ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﰲ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻮﺟﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،... :‬ﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﳌﺎﻭﺭﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﹺﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻊ ﰲ ﺳﻮﻕ ﻛﺬﺍ ﲟﺎﺋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺎﻉ ﲟﺎﺋﺔ ﰲ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺻﺮﺡ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺘﻤﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ‪ ...‬ﻭ‪...‬‬
‫ﻳﺼﲑ ﺿﺎﻣﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﻣﻀﻤﻮ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﰲ ﻳﺪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺀﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢١٩‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ( ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﺳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﲟﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻏﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﻔﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﻭﻳﻀﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺘﻨﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺗﺄﻗﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪(٥٩/٤‬‬
‫‪ ٦٥٠‬‬

‫‪ -٢١٢٣‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ)‪ (١‬ﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺟﺌﺘﻚ ﲝﻘﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺑﻴﻊ ﻟﻚ؛ ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﳎﻬﻮﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٢٤‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺭ‪) :‬ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ‪ /(٢‬ﻋﻘﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺑﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻣﺮﺓ ﻻ ﺑﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ)‪ (٤‬ﻗﺪ ﻋﻘﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ‪‬ﻲ )ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪  (٥‬ﻋﻦ ]ﺑﻴﻊ[ ﺍﳌﻼﻣﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﺑﺬﺓ ﻭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﳊﺼﺎﺓ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻲ ]‪‬ﻲ[ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺐ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﲟﺴﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﻮﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﳊﺼﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻷﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ]ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ[ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫‪ -٢١٢٥‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﻩ ﺑﺮﻫﻨﻪ‬
‫) ﺯ(‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ‪ ..‬ﺭﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ]ﺑﺄﻥ[‬
‫ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﰒ ﺍﻓﺘﻜﻪ ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻄﻮﻋ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٢٦‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ]ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ[‪ :‬ﻟﻪ)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪] ،‬ﻗﻀﻰ[)‪ (١٠‬ﺑﺈﺫﻧﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺇﺫﻧﻪ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٢٧‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﰲ ﻗﻮﳍﻤﺎ ﲨﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٢٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺫﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻠﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ)‪ ،(١٢‬ﻓﺮﻫﻨﺎﻩ ﲨﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻱ)‪ (١‬ﺃﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ)‪ ..(٢‬ﻓﻼ ﺭﻫﻦ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺗﺼﺪﻳ ‪‬ﻖ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺄﺫﻭﻧﲔ ﳍﻤﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ ﰲ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﻝ ﺣﺮﻓﲔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻟﻌﻠﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻟﲑﻫﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٥٣/٤‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻟﻮ ﻗﻀﻰ ﺍﳌﹸﻌﲑ ﺍﻟﺪﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﲟﺎﻝ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ..‬ﺍﻧﻔﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺭﺟﻮﻋﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﺃﻡ‬
‫ﺑﻐﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻨﻮﺿﺤﻪ ﰲ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ" ﻭﰲ )‪ (٢٦٦/٤‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺈﺫﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪ (٩٩/٤‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﻮﻗﻲ )‪.(٣٣٤/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٦٥١‬‬

‫ﻛﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺟﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻗﺮ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﻷﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٥‬ﺍﺩﻋﻴﺎ‬
‫ﲨﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺭﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ]ﻋﻠﻰ[ ﺃﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﻝ‪ ..‬ﺣﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻱ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻨﲔ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺣﻠﻒ)‪ (٦‬ﻟﻪ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺩﻋﻮﺍﻩ‪ ..‬ﺃﺣﻠﻔﺘﻪ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ)‪ (٧‬ﺃﻥ ﺃﺣﻠﻒ ﳍﻤﺎ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﺃﺣﻠﻔﺘﻪ ﳍﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺣﻠﻒ ﻟﻪ)‪ (٩‬ﺍﳌﺄﺫﻭﻧﲔ ]ﳍﻤﺎ[ ﺑﺮﻫﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﺃﺣﻠﻔﻬﻤﺎ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺃﻗﺮﺍ)‪ (١٠‬ﱂ ﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭﳘﺎ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٢٩‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻫﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﻫ ‪‬ﻦ ﻓﺎﺩﻋﻰ ﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﻀ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻬﻤﺎ‪/‬‬
‫)‪(١٥‬‬
‫ﲨﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (١٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﳍﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨ ﹲﺔ ﺑﻘﺒﺾ‪ (١٤)/‬ﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﱂ ﺗﺆﻗﺖ ﻭﻗﺘ‪‬ﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ..‬ﲢﺎﻟﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻨﺎﻥ)‪ ،(١٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺣﻠﻔﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻜﻼ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ؛ )ﻓﺄﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻗﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ‪ (١٧‬ﺃﻭﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺭﻫﻦ ﻟﻪ)‪،(١‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ "ﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﺭﻫﻨﻪ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﻔﺴﻮﺥ" ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٣٦٠/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻠﻴﻤﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳛﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ : (٣٦١/٤‬ﺃﺭﺍﺩﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻗﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٦١-٣٦٠/٤‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٢٠‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٦١/٤‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻮ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﰲ ﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪" :‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ‬
‫ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻌ‪‬ﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٢٤‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲢﺎﻟﻔﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٢٢٦-٢٢٥/٦‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﺘﲔ ﺗﺘﻌﺎﺭﺿﺎﻥ ﻭﺗﺘﺴﺎﻗﻄﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﻜﻢ ﳌﻦ ﺃﻗﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﲢﺎﻟﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻴﲔ ﻟﻼﺭ‪‬ﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻷ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺃﻗﺮﺍ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٢٢٦/٦‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٣٢٥/١‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٥٢٣/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١١٥/٤‬ﺃﺳﲎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ ،(١٧٨/٢‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺫﻛﺮﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮﺕ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﻭﻻ ﳝﲔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻶﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٦٥٢‬‬

‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺳﺄﻝ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻵﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﺇﺣﻼﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﻗﺮﺍ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﻩ ﻟﻶﺧﺮ)‪ ..(٢‬ﱂ ﺃﺣﻠﻔﻪ)‪(٣‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻟﻮ ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻪ ﱂ ﺃﻟﺰﻣﻪ‪/١٠٥)/‬ﺏ(‬
‫ﺇﹺﻗﺮﺍﺭ‪‬ﻩ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٣٠‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫ ﹺﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﺃﻳﻬﻤﺎ)‪ (٥‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ ..‬ﺣﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺣﻠﻒ‪ ..‬ﻓﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٣١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻫﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻱ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻗﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﻟﻠﺬﻱ)‪ (٧‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ‬
‫ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺑﻘﺒﻀﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ؛ ﻓﺄﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ ﺇﱄ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﺭﻫ ‪‬ﻦ ﻟﻠﺬﻱ)‪ (٨‬ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ﻟﻪ)‪(٩‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻗﺒﺾ)‪ (١‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ؛ ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﱐ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺮﻫﻦ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻣﺪﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺰﻳﻞ ﻣﻠﻜﻲ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(١٤٣‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺭﻫﻦ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪﻩ ﺭﺟﻠﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﻘﺒﻀﻪ ﹸﻛﱢﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪﳘﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‬
‫ﻀﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﹶﺃﻥ ﺭﻫ‪‬ﻨﻪ ﻭﻗﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳝﲔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﻧﻜﺮ ﺃﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﻝ‪ ..‬ﺃﺣﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﻣﻔﺴﻮﺧ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ‬
‫ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻌﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳛﻠﻔﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٦١/٤‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٣‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٢٢٥/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(١١٥/٤‬ﻭﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﺍﻷﺫﺭﻋﻲ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻼ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻒ" ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ ،(١٧٨/٢‬ﻭﺭﺟﺢ ﺍﻻﺳﻨﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﻟﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺭﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺟﺢ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪﻩ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ (١٧٨/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (٢٦٤/٦‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺣﻠﻒ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻖ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٦١/٤‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٣‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٣٢٥/١‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ(‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ .(٥٢٣/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١١٥/٤‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(١٧٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻟﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻜﺬﱠﺏ ﺑﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﻋﺎﺭﺿﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺪ‪‬ﻕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٣٦٢-٣٦١/٤‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ"‪ ،‬ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﺢ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٣‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪-٢٢٥/٦‬‬
‫‪ (٢٢٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١١٥/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺾ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٦٥٣‬‬

‫ﺑﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﲦﻨﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﺮﻣﺎﺋﻲ‪) ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻧﻜﺮ‪ (١‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺪﻋﻲ ﻋﻠﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻠﻜﻲ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ؛ ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.#‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻣﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫‪] -٢١٣٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺑﺸﻲ ٍﺀ ]ﻟﻪ[ ﻳﺮﻫﻨﻪ ]ﻟﻪ[‬
‫ﻓﺮﻫﻨﻪ ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﲟﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻳﻔﺘﻚ)‪ (٤‬ﺭﻫﻨﻪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٣٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺭﻫﻨﻪ)‪ (٦‬ﺑﺄﻗﻞ ﳑﺎ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺑﺮﻫﻨﻪ)‪ (٧‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻓﻼﻥ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﻪ)‪ (٨‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻓﻼﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﻣﻊ‬
‫‪ -٢١٣٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﳝﻴﻨﻪ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻱ ﻋﺪﻝ ﻓﻀﻤﻦ‬ ‫‪ -٢١٣٥‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻫﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻭ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺺ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ (٣)/‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﳎﻬﻮﻝ‪) ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‪ (١‬ﻭﻗﻊ ﺻﻔﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﰲ ﻗﺮﺽ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﲟﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﻜﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪) :‬ﻟﻴﺲ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻏﲑ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲰﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٦٢/٤‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪" (١١٧-١١٦/٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﻍ‪ :‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﺪﻕ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﺃﺫﻥ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻇﻠﻤﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻞ"‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺳﻞ –ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ‪ -‬ﺍﻷﻗﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺭﻫﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﻫﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﻟﻌﻠﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻓﺮﻫﻨﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﻷﻧﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﻭﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٩‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺿﻤﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٢١‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫‪ ٦٥٤‬‬

‫‪ -٢١٣٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﲎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﻫﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺔ)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻤﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻓﻌﻔﺎ)‪ ..(٣‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺭﻫﻦ ﲝﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺵ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﻫﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﲝﺎﻟﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٣٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٥‬ﺟﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳ ﹰﺔ ﺃﺗﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻡ)‪ (٦‬ﻭﺭﺛﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻫﻮ)‪ (٧‬ﺭﻫﻦ ﻓﺄﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ../‬ﻓﻠﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﻔﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺭﻫﻦ ﲝﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﺍﻷﺭﺵ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﳍﻢ ﺃﺭﺵ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺭﻫﻦ ﲝﺎﻟﻪ)‪(٩‬؛ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻣﻠﻜﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺏ ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺟﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺵ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﻮﺭﺛﺔ ﺃﻥ)‪ (١٠‬ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻭﺍ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻸﺏ)‪ (١١‬ﰲ ﺻﺤﺘﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻫﻮ ‪‬ﻥ ﻋﻤﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﳑﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫‪ -٢١٣٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺟﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﺃﻭ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﺑﻼ ﻣﺎﻝ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻻ ﺣﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻔﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﻝ ﰒ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﱂ ﻳﺘﺄﺗﻰ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ!‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻌﻔﻰ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻌﻔﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻟﻠﺴﻴﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٦٥/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٠٥-١٠٤/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪. ( ٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﱂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٦٤/٤‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﻗﻮﻟﲔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺛﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻗﺒﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﺢ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﳍﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺛﺔ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﲔ ﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ؛ ﻭﻋﻠﻞ ﺑﻨﺤﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺛﺔ ﺇﳕﺎ ﳝﻠﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺛﺒﻮﺕ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﳌﻮﺭﺛﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﳌﻮﺭﺛﻬﻢ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٠٥/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٦/٧‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻧﻪ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﺑﻼ ﻣﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٦٥٥‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﻷﺧﺬ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺭﻫﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٣٩‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﲎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﻫﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻟﻠﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺪﺑﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻌﺘﻖ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟﻞ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫]ﺫﻟﻚ[ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻠﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻗﺘﺺ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺘﺺ ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻷﺭﺵ‪ ..‬ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻦ )ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﻫﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﲝﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺠﻨﺎﻳﺘﻪ)‪ (٤‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﺪﻩ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٤٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﺟﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻜﺎﺗ ﹴ‬
‫ﺐ ﻓﻘﺘﹶﻠﻪ‪‬؛ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻔﺴ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺴﺒﻴﻠﻪ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﻫﻦ‬
‫ﲝﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺟﺮﺣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻠﻤﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺩ ﺃﻭ)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ (٨)/‬ﻛﺎﻷﺟﻨﱯ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻻ ﳝﻀﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻌﺠﺰ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺃﻭ ﳝﻮﺕ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺎﺗﺐ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺇﳕﺎ ﻣﻠﻚ)‪ (٩‬ﲟﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﺗﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ‪ ..‬ﺭﻫﻦ ﲝﺎﻟﻪ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٤١‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺭﻫﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻓﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﺑﻨ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻟﺴﻴﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﻟﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻷﻡ‬
‫ﰲ ﻭﻟﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪ (١١)/‬ﺭﻫﻦ ﲝﺎﻟﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٤٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﺒﺪﻳﻦ؛ ﺃﺏ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻫﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺭﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﺪﺍ ﺍﻷﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﺎﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺏ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺭﻫﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻋﻔﻮ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺪ‬
‫ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪/١٠٦)/‬ﺏ( ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺣﻖ ﻭﺟﺐ ﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٧٢/٤‬ﻭ)‪ .(٦٦/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٠١-١٠٠/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺠﻨﺎﻳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٦٦-٣٦٥/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٠٥/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٢٢‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻠﻜﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٦٦/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٠٧-٣٠٥/١٢) (١٠٥-١٠٤/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٢٥‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٦٧/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(١٥١/٩‬ﻻ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺪ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٣٦٧/٤‬‬
‫‪ ٦٥٦‬‬

‫‪ -٢١٤٣‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﺏ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻗﺘﺺ ﻓﺬﺍﻙ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻻ ﺑﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺏ‪] ،‬ﻭ[)ﺯ( ]ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺭﻫﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﲝﺎﻟﻪ[)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٤٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻫﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﻓﺄﻗﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﻫﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺟﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮ‪‬ﻨﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺭﺵ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٤‬ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺧﻄﹰﺄ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪ ،(٥‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺘﻖ ﻳﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺎ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٤٥‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻗﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﲜﻨﺎﻳﺘﻪ)‪ (٧‬ﺧﻄﹰﺄ)‪ (٨‬ﻭﻛﺬﱠﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺪ‪‬ﻗﻪ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﲢﻴﻂ)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻭ ﻻ‬
‫ﲢﻴﻂ)‪ (١٠‬ﺑﺮﻗﺒﺘﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺼﺪﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻗﺮ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺎﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻀﺮ)‪ (١١‬ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﺭﻫﻨﻪ ﺑﺈﻗﺮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺎﻳﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺭﻫﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺭﻉ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﻘﹰﺎ)‪ (١٢‬ﺃﹶﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﲦﻨﻪ)‪ (١٣‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺣﺎﻃﺖ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﻳﺔ)‪ (١‬ﺑﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﻘﻀﻴﻪ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﻏﺼﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺠﱪﻩ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻮﳍﺎ ﰲ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ)‪ (٥‬ﻏﺼﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻼ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ)‪.(٢)(١‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺘﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٦٧/٤‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﺑﻼ ﻣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﺑﻼ ﻣﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٣٦٨/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٣٦٨/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﱂ ﺃﺭ ﺗﺼﺮﳛ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲜﻨﺎﻳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻀﻤﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺣﻖ ﰲ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﻘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﺠﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﳌﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٦٥٧‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א ‪0‬د‪ $d‬‬

‫ﻁ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻀّﹺﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶ‬
‫‪ -٢١٤٦‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻀﻤﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﺩﻳﻌﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌﺪ‪‬ﻯ)‪.(٥)(٤)/(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٤٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺩﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﺩﻳﻌﺔ ﻓﺄﺭﺍﺩ ﺳﻔﺮ‪‬ﺍ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﺩﻳﻌﺔ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﳜﺮﺝ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺈﺫﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﺎﺋﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺄﻭﺩﻋﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﺩﻉ ﻣﺘﺎﻋﻪ ﻓﻬﻠﻚ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻀﻤﻦ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٤٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻌﺪﻯ ﺭﺟﻞ)‪ (٨‬ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻭﺩﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﺑﻌﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﰒ ﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺭﺩﻩ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﰒ ﺫﻫﺐ‪ ..‬ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻫﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ‪ ..‬ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺩﻳﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺻﺎﺭ ﺷﺮﻳﻜﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺣﲔ ﺃﺧﺬ‪ ..‬ﺿﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ)‪ (١‬ﱂ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ‪..‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺿﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﺮﻓﻪ ﻓﺬﻫﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ..‬ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ‪ ..‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ‪/‬‬
‫)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٦٩/٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻟﻮ ﺃﻧﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﺳﻴﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬
‫)‪ (٥٣٥/٤‬ﻭﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١١٩/٤‬ﺇﻻ ﺃ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻻ‪" :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﻴﻊ ﰲ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺮ‪‬ﻦ ﱂ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺈﻗﺮﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻌﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٢٣‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٩١-٢٩٠/٥‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ ،(٤١٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٢٧/٦‬‬

‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻣﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﺿﻤﻦ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳑﻦ ﻳﻮﺩﻉ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٩٢-٢٩١/٥‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪(٤١٠‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٢٩-٣٢٨/٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٣٧‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٩١-٢٩٠/٥‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪.(٤١١‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٦٥٨‬‬

‫‪z‬א ‪07‬ع‪ x‬‬

‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫‪ -٢١٤٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ (١)/:‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻟﻪ ﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﻮﺽ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ‪‬ﻳﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٤‬ﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٥٠‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﻋﻮﺽ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﳍﺒﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻪ)‪) ..(٦‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺒﻴﻌﻪ‪ (٧‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻪ)‪.(٩) (٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٥١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ]ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ[‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ]ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹶﻞ[ ﰲ ﻃﻌﺎ ﹴﻡ ﰒ ﻭﻫﺒﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺼﺪﻕ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻭﺃﺣﺎﻟﻪ)‪ (١‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻌﺎﻣﻪ)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳍﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﻃﻠﺔ)‪.(١) (٣‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺪﻱ‪ ..‬ﺿﻤﻨﻪ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺭﺩﻩ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺩ ﺑﺪﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺭﺩ ﺑﺪﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺬ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻠﻂ ﻣﻊ ﻏﲑﻩ ﺑﻼ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ‪..‬‬
‫ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺭﺩ ﻋﲔ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺬ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻠﻂ ﺑﻼ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﻮﻻﻥ؛ ﺃﺻﺤﻬﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺼﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻧ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﳋﻠﻄﻪ ﺍﳌﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﻐﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻳﺼﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٣٦/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/١٠٧‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺒﻴﻌﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٤٦-١٤٤/٤‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٣١٩/٩‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٢٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٨٤/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﻀﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٤٦/٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺿﺎﺑﻂ ﺫﻟﻚ‪" :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻃﻌﺎﻣﺎ ﺑﺈﺟﺎﺭﺓ؛ ﻓﺎﻹﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺒﻴﻌﻪ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﲟﲑﺍﺙ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻴﻌﻪ؛ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑﻩ ﺑﺜﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻪ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻴﻌﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑﻩ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻮﺽ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻓﺎﺕ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٣١٨/٩‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٣٢٢-٣٢٠/٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٥١١-٥١٠/٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻗﺒﻀﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻌﻮﻧﺔ )‪ (٩٧٠/٢‬ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻊ )‪ (١٣٣/٢‬ﺍﻟﻜﺎﰲ )‪.(٦٦٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻃﻌﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٦٥٩‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﺀ‪..‬‬ ‫‪ -٢١٥٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺒﻀﻪ ﺍﳌﻮﻫﻮﺏ ﻟﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﺮﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻠﻤﻮﻫﻮﺏ ﻟﻪ ﺇﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻴﺠﺪﺩ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﺪﻗﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻃﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻓﺄﻣﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻪ‬
‫‪ -٢١٥٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﳛﻀﺮ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﻴﻜﺘﺎﻝ)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻳﺸﻬﺪﳘﺎ)‪ (٤‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺒﻀﻪ ﻭﻋﺰﻟﻪ ﻭﺑﻴﻌﻪ ﻓﻔﻌﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٥٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻫﺬﺍ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٥٥‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﺟﺰﺍﻓﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺫﻫﺐ ﻭﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ)‪ (٦‬ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ]ﻣﻌﺪﻭﺩ[ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺽ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ‪ (٧)/‬ﺻﻔﻘﺔ ]ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ[‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﺑﻄﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﳉﻬﺎﻟﺘﻪ)‪ (٨‬ﺑﻮﺯﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻭﻋﺪﺩﻩ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٥٦‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﳚﻮﺯ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻋﻴﺎﻥ)‪.(١‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫‪ -٢١٥٧‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﺒﻴﻊ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﺎﻝ ﻭﻳﻮﺯﻥ ﻭﻳﻌﺪ ﺟﺰﺍﻓﹰﺎ ‪-‬ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ‪ -‬ﺑﺜﻤﻦ ﻧﻘﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺃﺟﻞ)‪(٣‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻜﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻴﻞ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺇﺣﺎﻃﺔ‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺃﻭﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ]ﺑﻪ[‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺯ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٣١٩/٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٥٠٨/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻜﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﺸﻬﺪﳘﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٣٠٩/١‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٥٢٢/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻄﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٢٤‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲜﻬﺎﻟﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٠٣-٢٠١/٤‬ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﻑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ )ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺗﻜﻔﻲ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺻﻔﺘﻪ ﻭﻗﺪﺭﻩ؛ ﻛﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺯﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺫﺭﻋ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٥/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٠٢-٢٠١/٤‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٦٩/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ١٨٧/٤‬ﻭ‪ (٢٠٢-٢٠١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٦٩/٣‬‬
‫‪ ٦٦٠‬‬

‫‪] -٢١٥٨‬ﻭ[ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﺟﺎﺯ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺭﺅﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻞ ]ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺟﺰﺍﻑ[‪.‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺔ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ‬ ‫‪ -٢١٥٩‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﻑ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺔ‪ ..‬ﺩﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺭ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٦٠‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﻃﻌﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺟﺰﺍﻓﹰﺎ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﻌﺮﻑ ﻛﻴﻠﻪ ﰒ ﺑﺎﻋﻪ ﺟﺰﺍﻓﹰﺎ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﺧﺬ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻪ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺧﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﺮﻑ ﻛﻴﻠﻪ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﱄ‪/١٠٧)/‬ﺏ( )‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٦١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﺮﻑ ﻛﻴﻠﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺒﻌﻪ)‪ (٦‬ﺟﺰﺍﻓﹰﺎ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٦٢‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻃﻌﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ)‪ (٨‬ﺃﻥ ﳛﻤﻠﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻜﺮﺍﺀ)‪ (٩‬ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺜﻤ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎ ﹺﻡ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻘﺘﲔ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٦٣‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﻊ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٦٤‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻉ ﺳﻠﻌﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟﻞ)‪ (١‬ﻓﺄﺭﺍﺩ)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﻗﻞ ﳑﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺩﻟﺴﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ)‪(٣‬؛ ﻷﻥ)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎ)‪ (٥‬ﺭﻭﻱ)‪ (٧) (٦‬ﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻛﺮﺍﻫﻴﺔ ]ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ[)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺃﻣﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﹶﻛ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺎﺀ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ)‪.(٩‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺑﺎﻥ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٥٣/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٦٩/٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻮ ﺑﺎﻋﻪ ﲰﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﳓﻮﻩ ﰲ ﻇﺮﻑ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻷﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺭﻗﺔ ﻭﻏﻠﻈﹰﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٦٨/٣‬ﺃﺟﺎﺯ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﱪﺓ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺟﻬﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺑﻘﺪﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺒﻴﻌﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪ (٣١٠/٣‬ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻊ )‪ (١٣٠/٢‬ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ )‪ (٥٣١/٢‬ﺍﳌﻌﻮﻧﺔ )‪ (٩٧٥/٢‬ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﲔ )‪ (٣٧٢/٢‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﻬﺎﺕ )ﺹ‪.(٣٣٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺇﱃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٧٠/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٠١-٤٠٠/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻻ ﲡﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻗﺒﻀﻪ‪ ،‬ﺧﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﳌﺎﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (١٤٦/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ (٥٠٩/٣‬ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪ ١٢٧/٣‬ﻭ‪ (١٢٩‬ﺍﳌﻌﻮﻧﺔ )‪.(٩٧١/٢‬‬
 ‫‪٦٦١‬‬

‫‪ -٢١٦٥‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺧﺎﻟﻔﻬﺎ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺭﻗﻢ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﺎﻥ)‪ (١‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪..‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺃﻭﱃ‪ ، /‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺣﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻭﺃﺣﻠﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٣/٤‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١١٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٤١٩-٤١٨/٣‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﺜﻤﻦ ﻧﻘﺪ‪‬ﺍ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻗﺒﺾ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺃﻡ ﻻ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﺃﻡ‬
‫ﻻ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻓﱴ ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﺳﺤﻖ ﺍﻻﺳﻔﺮﺍﻳﻴﲏ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﺎﺭ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻪ ﺻﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻛﺎﳌﺸﺮﻭﻁ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﺒﻄﻼﻥ ﲨﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﻘﺪ‪ ..‬ﺑﻄﻞ ﺑﻼ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (١٥٠-١٤٠/١٠‬ﻭﰲ )‪" :(١٤٧/١٠‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﹸﻓ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺧﻼﻑ" ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ‪" :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﲑ ﺩﻟﺴﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ" ﻭﰲ )‪ (١٥٠/١٠‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺯ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻫﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻷﻧﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳑﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،.‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﻭﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ ) :‬ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪.( ‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ ١٤٨١٢ :١٨٥-١٨٤/٨‬ﻭ‪ (١٤٨١٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ ،(٣٣٠/٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ )‪(٥٢/٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ‪ :‬ﳎﻬﻮﻟﺘﺎﻥ ﻻ ﳛﺘﺞ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ‪ :‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺳﺄﻟﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺖ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺭﻗﻢ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺎﺀ ﺑﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﺘﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺴﺖ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﳍﺎ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﺌﺲ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﺌﺲ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻠﻐﻲ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺭﻗﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺑﻄﻞ ﺟﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﻓﺮﺃﻳﺖ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﺭﺃﺱ ﻣﺎﱄ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ‪  ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﺀﻩ ﻣﻮﻋﻈﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻓﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺳﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٧٥-٧٣/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺭﻗﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺍﳋﺰﺭﺟﻲ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ‪ ،‬ﻏﺰﺍ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺳﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻏﺰﻭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻴﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻀﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻘﻪ ﰲ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻬﺪ‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﻪ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺪ‬
‫ﺻﻔﲔ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺧﻮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ )‪ ،(١٢٤/٢‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(٤٨٧/٢‬‬
‫‪ ٦٦٢‬‬

‫ﺏ ﺃﺭﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ]ﻣﻨﻪ[ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺻﻨﻔﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺟﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ‬

‫ﺏ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﺑﺜﻮ ﹴ‬
‫‪ -٢١٦٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﻠﻒ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﰲ ﺛﻮ ﹴ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺟﺎﺀﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻨﻔﻪ ﺑﺄﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﺘﻪ)‪ ..(٤‬ﺟﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ؛ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻻ ﺃﺟﱪﻩ ﰲ ]ﻣﺜﻞ[‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺷﻲ ]ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ[ ﻛﻮﻓﻴ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (٥‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀ)‪ (٦‬ﺑﻮﺷ ﹴﻲ ﺻﻨﻌﺎﱐ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺟﻮﺩ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﺃﺟﱪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﻭﻳ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﻴﻘﹰﺎ)‪ (٨‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀ)‪ (٩‬ﺮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﺃﺟﱪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﺣﱴ ﳚﻲﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﳌﺎ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻟﻐﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ)‪ (١١‬ﻫﺬﺍ‪..‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺟﱪﺗﻪ)‪ (١‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺽ ﺃﻭ)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺆﻛﻞ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻳﺸﺮﺏ ﺃﻭ ]ﺷﻲﺀ ﳑﺎ[ ﻻ ﻳﺆﻛﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸﺮﺏ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻼﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٢٥‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٧٤/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺻﻨﻔﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﻮﰲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺮﻭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺻﻔﻴﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﰲ ﺃﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﲨﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺟﱪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٨١-٢٧٩/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٠-٢٩/٣‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺃﺗﻰ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺟﻨﺴﻪ ﻛﺎﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻌﲑ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺽ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺗﻰ ﲜﻨﺴﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻃﺔ‪ ..‬ﻭﺟﺐ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻪ ﻗﻄﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺟﻮﺩ‪ ..‬ﻭﺟﺐ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺩﺃ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﱂ ﳚﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺗﻰ ﲜﻨﺴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﻤﺮ ﺑﺮﱐ ﺑﺪﻝ ﻋﺠﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺛﻮﺏ ﻫﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺪﻝ ﻣﺮﻭﻱ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻷﺻﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﳚﺐ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﳚﻮﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﺸﺆ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ‪ ،‬ﻫﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻛﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳉﻨﺲ؟‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٦٦٣‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٦٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ]ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ[‪ :‬ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺏ ﻓﺈﻥ ﳍﺎ ﻣﺆﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻒ‪/‬‬
‫)ﻭﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ‪ (٢‬ﻳﺘﻐﲑ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪﻡ ﻭﺍﳉﺪﺓ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺆﻛﻞ ﻭ)‪ (٣‬ﻳﺸﺮﺏ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻒ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‪ /‬ﺻﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻼ ﲟﺜﻞ‬
‫‪] -٢١٦٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻛ ﱡﻞ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ)‪ (٧‬ﲟﺜﻞ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ)‪ (٢‬ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ)‪ (٣‬ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﺷﻲﺀ)‪ (٤‬ﳑﺎ ﳜﺮﺝ)‪ (٥‬ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺄﺻﻠﻪ)‪ (٦‬ﻣﺘﻔﺎﺿ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﲟﺜﻞ‪.‬‬‫ﺍﳊﻨﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮ)‪(١‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻰ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٨٠/٤‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﲜﻮﺍﺯ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﺇﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﺎﺭﻕ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳉﻨﺲ‪..‬‬
‫ﱂ ﳚﱪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳐﲑ‪‬ﺍ ﰲ ﺗﺮﻛﻪ ﻭﻗﺒﻀﻪ" ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﱪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﲑ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻑ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﻞ »ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻪ«‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ ﺃﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ﺃﻗﻮﺍ ﹰﻻ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩٠‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٤٤٧/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٠-٢٩/٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١١٥/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(٢١٤/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٣٧‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ )ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺗﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﹶﻠ ﹺﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻞ ﳚﺐ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻪ؟( ﻭﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺒﻮﳍﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺯﻣﺎ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٠/٤‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﳍﺎ ﻣﺆﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﻏﺮﺽ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﺑﻘﺒﻮﳍﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺯﻣﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﲟﺜﻞ( ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪) :‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳊﻨﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻰ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺸﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲣﺮﺝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٦٢/٤‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١١٣‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ ،‬ﻛﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﳊﻨﻄﺔ‬‫ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺑﻴﻊ )ﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﻝ ﻋﻦ ﻫﻴﺌﺘﻪ ﺑﺼﻨﻌﺔ ﺁﺩﻣﻲ( ﺑـ)ﺃﺻﻠﻪ(‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺻﻠﻪ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ ﲟﺜﻠﻪ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﺿ ﹰ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻗﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻮﻳﻘﻬﺎ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﻌﺬﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﻬﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﻛﺎﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (٩١‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٦٦٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (١٠٨/٥‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٥٤/٣‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٢١٧/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٨٩/٣‬ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺏ ﻭﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ )‪.(٥٨-٥٧/٣‬‬
‫ﻼ ﲟﺜﻞ( ﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻨﻘﻄﻊ؛ ﺇﺫ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﻨﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ )ﺇﻻ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻫﻮ ﺑﲔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻨﻄﺔ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﻨﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺼﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺯ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺑﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻼ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﲟﺜ ﹴﻞ ‪‬ﻣﹶﺜﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﹶﻟ ﹺﺰﻣ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﳚﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﳊﻨﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺛ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻨﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻨﻄﺔ ﻣ‪‬ﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻣﲔ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﲪﺪ ﰲ ﲡﻮﻳﺰﳘﺎ ﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﺎﳊﻨﻄﺔ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺛﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻘﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻧﻌﻢ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﺑﻴﺴﻲ‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﳘﺎ ﺟﻨﺴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﻴﺰ ﺍﳊﻨﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﺿ ﹰ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٤٠٩/١٠‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻤﺢ‬
‫ﻼ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺴﻄﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻰ ﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻼ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺛ ﹰ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎﺿ ﹰ‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﻘﻤﺢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻞ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ؟‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ :‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺯ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺜﻮﺭﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﲨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﲜﻮﺍﺯﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛﺄﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (١١٠/٥‬ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ‬
‫)‪ (٤٠٨/١٠‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٢١٨/٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (/‬ﻭﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٨٩/٣‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﱂ ﺃﺟﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻧﺼ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ‪" :‬ﻭﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﻭﻣﺄ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ" ﻭﻋﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٤٠٩/١٠‬ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻣﺄ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ )ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ(‪ ...‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ..‬ﻓﺼﺤﻴ ‪‬ﺢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻮﻣﺊ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻮﻣﺊ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻤﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﻘﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﳝﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻌﻠﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺁﺧﺮ ﱂ ﺃﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻭﺭﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﻍ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻧﻘﻠﻮﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ...‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺟﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻳﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﻳﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪" :(٥٤/٣‬ﺇﻥ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﺣﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺧﻼﺹ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﳌﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻌﻚ ﻭﺍﳋﺒﺰ‬
‫ﻭﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﱪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻧﺼﻮﺹ ﻗﺪﳝﺔ ﰲ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﱪ ﻣﻀﻄﺮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎﻩ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٣٩٠-٣٨٩/٣‬ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺍﻧﻪ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻛﺎﻟﺪﻫﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻫﻦ‪ ...‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﺷﺎﺫﺓ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٦٦٥‬‬

‫‪ -٢١٦٩‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﻘﻤﺢ)‪،(١‬‬

‫‪ -٢١٧٠‬ﻭﻻ ﺧﺒﺰ ﲝﻨﻄﺔ)‪،(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٧١‬ﻭﻻ ﺧﻞ ﲤﺮ ﺑﺘﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺧﻞ ﻋﻨﺐ ﺑﻌﻨﺐ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٧٢‬ﻭﻻ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﻠﻪ ]ﺑﺄﺻﻠﻪ[ ﳑﺎ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﺻﻠﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﲟﺜﻞ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﳑﺎ ﳜﺮﺝ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﻠﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٧٣‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺄﻛﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺑﻌﻀﻪ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺇﻻ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻼ ﲟﺜﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﻨﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻧﺎﻧﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻴﻊ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ (١‬ﻋﺴ ﹴﻞ ﻭﺩﺭﳘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺑﺪﺭﻫ ﹴﻢ ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﺴ ﹴﻞ‪ ..(٣)/‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺩﺭﳘﹰﺎ)‪ (٤‬ﻭﺛﻮﺑ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (٥‬ﺑﺪﺭﻫ ﹴﻢ ﻭﺛﻮﺏﹴ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺩﺭﳘﹰﺎ)‪ (٦‬ﻭﺛﻮﺑ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺣﺸﻒ ﻭﻣ ‪‬ﺪ ﲤﺮ ﲟﺪﻳﻦ)‪ (٨‬ﲤﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺣﻨﻄﺔ ﻭﻣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﲟﺪﻳﻦ)‪ (٩‬ﺣﻨﻄﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﳚﻮﺯ؛ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻘﺔ )ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،(١١‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺰ)‪] (١‬ﺑﲔ[)‪ (٢‬ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٦٢/٤‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺰﻭﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٠٦/١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٦٢/٤‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤١٢/١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٣٥/١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٦٢/٤‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺗﺼﺤﻔﺖ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻌﱵ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺩﺭﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٢٦‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺩﺭﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺛﻮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺩﺭﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺛﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﻷﺟﻞ ﺍﻹﻋﺮﺍﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‪ :‬ﲟﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲟﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‪ :‬ﲟﺪﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲡﻤﻌﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‪ :‬ﲨﻌﺘﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٦٦٦‬‬

‫‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺣﺼﺔ)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻯ ﻛﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪ (٤‬ﻓﻴﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻞ؛ ﻷﻥ )ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻼ)‪ (٦‬ﲟﺜﻞ ]ﻭﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺛﻮﺏ‬‫‪ ‬ﻰ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﺭﻃﻞ ﻋﺴﻞ ﺑﺜﻮﺏ ﻭﺭﻃﻞ ﻋﺴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ ﺑﺪﺭﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺣﺼﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ؛ ﻷﻥ ﲦﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﳝﻴﺰ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ[)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٧٤‬ﻭﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ)‪ (١‬ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ ﺑﻴﻊ ﻭﺻﺮﻑ)‪.(٣)(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺼﺤﻔﺖ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ )ﲤﺮ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‪ :‬ﺣﺼﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‪ :‬ﺫﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‪) :‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٦٣-١٦٢/٤‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ (٢٣٦/١٠‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﻮﻱ )‪(٥٨/٣‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٨٦/٣‬ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٧٢-٢٣٧/١٠‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﻮﻝ ﻭﺗﻔﺼﻴﻼﺕ ﻣﻄﻮﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺪ ﻋﺠﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻳﺴﲑ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺰﻭﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪ (٢٤٢/١٠‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻧﺼﻪ‪" :‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺛﻮﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻃﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺴﻞ ﺑﺜﻮﺏ ﻭﺭﻃﻞ ﻋﺴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﻟﻠﺜﻮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﻫﻢ ﺣﺼﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ؛ ﻷﻥ ﲦﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﳝﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ" ﻭﻛﻼ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﲔ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺰﻭﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٢٤٢/١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٦٦٧‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א ‪ g‬‬

‫‪ -٢١٧٥‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻧﺎﻧﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٧٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻷﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﺩﻧﺎﻧﲑ ﻭﻟﻶﺧﺮ ﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺞﺯ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٧٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰒ ﺭﲝﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺣﺼﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻷﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﺩﻧﺎﻧﲑ)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻟﻶﺧﺮ ﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﰒ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻛﺎ ﻓﺎﺷﺘﺮﻳﺎ ﺛﻮﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺮﲝﺎ‪ ..‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻤﺎ ﻭﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻳﺎ ﻭﺭﺟﻊ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ)‪ (٥‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﺎﻧﲑ‬
‫ﺑﺄﺟﺮ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ)‪ (٦‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ)‪ (٧‬ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺷﺮﻳﻜﻪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٧٨‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‪/١٠٨)/‬ﺏ( )ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺽ‪.(١٠) (٩‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٧٩‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻥ)‪ (١‬ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ‪» :‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﲏ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻳﺖ ]ﺃﻧﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﲏ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻚ[« ﻭﻻ)‪ (٢‬ﻳﻘﻊ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻣﻦ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ‪/‬‬
‫)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٥٥‬ﲝﺮ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ )‪ (١٢٥-١٢٤/٨‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ )‪.(٢٨٩/٨‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﲡﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺜﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻻ ﲡﻮﺯ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﲡﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪(٢٦١/٣‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٧٦/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٥٥‬ﲝﺮ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ )‪ (١٣٠/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٧٧/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ ﲝﺮ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪" :‬ﺭﺟﻊ‪ ...‬ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﺃﺟﺮﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳛﺼﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﺎﻧﲑ‪ ..‬ﺭﺟﻊ ﺑﺄﺟﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻌﻜﺲ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﲝﺮ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ )‪ (١٤٠/٨‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٧٩/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﻭﺽ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٥٥‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٤٧٤-٤٧٣/٦‬ﲝﺮ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ )‪ (١٢٢/٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (١٨٨/٥‬ﻭﻋﺰﻳﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٦٦٨‬‬

‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫‪ -٢١٨٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ]ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ[‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪﳘﺎ ﺻﺎﺣ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ‪@ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ )ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﺑﻠﺪ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻠﲔ ﻳﺴﺄﻝ‬
‫‪ -٢١٨١‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ‪‬ﻣﺨﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﺎﻉ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻓﺎﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﲏ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻚ!‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ (١١)/‬ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻫﺬﻩ)‪ (١٢‬ﻭﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺗﻄﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻼ)‪ (١٣‬ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻧﻌﻘﺪﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺇﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ)‪.(١٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻤﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٣٨‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻫﻲ »ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﻩ« ﻭﻫﻲ ﺑﺎﻃﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻭﺟﻴﻬﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ؛ ﻟﻴﺒﺘﺎﻉ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﲟﺆﺟﻞ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺎﻉ ﳍﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺑﺎﻋﺎ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺿﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﲦﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺎﻉ ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻔﻖ ﻭﺟﻴﻪ ﻭﺧﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﺔ ﻭﻳﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﺨﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ .‬ﲝﺮ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ )‪ (١٢٨/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ (٢٨٠/٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢١٢/٢‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٨٢/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻁ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﻜﻤﻪ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻵﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﲝﺮ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ )‪ (١٢٩-١٢٨/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٨٠/٤‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﳌﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻼﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺒﻠﺪﻩ ﻛﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٢٧‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻬﺬﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﲝﺮ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ )‪.(١٢٨/٨‬‬
 ‫‪٦٦٩‬‬

‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌ ﹶﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ]ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ[‪..‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٨٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻟﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪] -٢١٨٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻧﺎﻧﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﺣﱴ ﳜﻠﻄﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٨٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﺮ ﳎﻬﻮﻝ ﻭﻋﻤﻼ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺮﺑﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺭﺅﻭﺱ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻤﺎ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﺇﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﰲ ﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٨٥‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻛﺎ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﲟﺎﺋﺘﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻧﺼﻔﲔ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪] -٢١٨٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﻓﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻋﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﺎﺳﺪ[‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺪﺍﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -٢١٨٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻙ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻧﻔﺮ؛ ﻷﺣﺪﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺬﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻶﺧﺮ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻶﺧﺮ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻶﺧﺮ)‪ (٨‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺰﺭﻉ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺬﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﺎﺳﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺆﻻﺀ ﺇﺟﺎﺭﺓ)‪ (١‬ﻣﺜﻠﻬﻢ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﲔ ﻟﻠﻮﻛﻴﻞ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻭﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ﱠﻛﻠﹶﻪ ﺑﺸﺮﺍﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺼﺎﺀ ﺃﻭﺻﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺮﺏ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻞ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ؟ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٩٧-٢٩٦/٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻳﺎﱐ ﰲ ﲝﺮ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ )‪ (١٢٨/٨‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ؛ ﻭﻋﱠﻠ ﹶﻞ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺪﺭﻩ ﻻ‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻁ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ‪ ‬ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﺃﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻗﺪ ﻧﺺ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻃﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٥٥‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٣٢٣-٣٢٢‬ﲝﺮ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ )‪ (١٣٠/٨‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٢٧٠‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﺜﻠﻲ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺍﳋﻠﻂ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﲔ ﻭﻟﻮ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﺎ ﻧﻘﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ )‪ ٢٨٩/٨‬ﻗﻠﻌﺠﻲ( ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻫﻞ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﻧﺼﻴﺐ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ؟ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ؛ ﺃﺻﺤﻬﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻣﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺑﻌﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٧٨/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٣٢٣‬ﲝﺮ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ )‪ (١٣١/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٨٤/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺟﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٦٧٠‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٨٨‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻙ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺭﺣﻰ؛ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻰ ﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺮ ﻟﻶﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻶﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻵﺧﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ)‪،(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٨٩‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻙ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﰲ ﺭﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺑﻐﻞ ﻭﻋﻤﻞ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﻓﺎﺳﺪﺓ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻠﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻮﺍ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﻄﻴﻨﺎ ﻛﻞ‪ /‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﺟﺮ)‪ (٤‬ﻣﺜﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻨﺎﻩ ﻛﺮﺃﺱ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﻄﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺇﺟﺎﺭﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻥ)‪..(٥‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٩٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ)‪ (٧‬ﰲ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻭﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﺬﻱ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﲦﻨﻪ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﺮﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺮﺍﺀ)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻭﻳﺔ‪.(١١) (١٠)/‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ ،(٤٨٠/٦‬ﲝﺮ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ )‪ ،(١٣٣/٨‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻓﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺑﻦ ﺳﺮﻳﺞ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺷﺮﺣﻬﺎ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (١٩٣/٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺻﻮﺭ ﺃﺧﺮ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺻﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٨٢/٤‬ﰒ ﺫﻛﺮﻭﺍ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﻠﺘﲔ ﺗﻠﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﲎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻶﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٤٨١-٤٨٠/٦‬ﲝﺮ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ )‪ (١٣٣/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٨٢/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺟﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻧ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٤٨١/٦‬ﲝﺮ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ )‪ (١٣٤/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٨١-٢٨٠/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٢٨‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﳑﻠﻮﻛﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺒﺎﺣ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻴﻪ ﺃﺟﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺒﺎﺣ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﺻﺢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺎﺑﺔ ﰲ ﲤﻠﻚ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺣﺎﺕ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳌﺎﺀ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺴﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺃﺟﻮﺭ ﺃﻣﺜﺎﳍﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﲝﺮ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ )‪ (١٣٤/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪.(٢٨١/٤‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٤٨١/٦‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻫﺎﺗﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺘﲔ؛ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﳜﺮﺟﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﻟﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﲦﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺍﻵﺧﺬ ﻟﻪ ﻛﺎﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻉ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻉ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺬﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻳﺼﲑ ﻛﺮﺃﺱ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻭﺍ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٦٧١‬‬

‫‪] -٢١٩١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ)‪ (١‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ)‪ (٢‬ﻋﲔ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﺄﺧﺬﻩ؛ ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻛﻮﺍ؛ ﻷﺣﺪﻫﻢ ﻣﺎﻝ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻳﺒﻴﻊ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢ‬
‫ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﺟﺮ)‪ (٤‬ﻣﺜﻠﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٩٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻭﺿﻊ)‪ (٦‬ﻭﺫﻫﺐ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ )ﺃﺟﺮﺓ ﺃﻣﺜﺎﳍﻢ‪(٧‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﳌﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﻋﲔ ﻣﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﺟﺮﺓ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻛﻮﺍ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺄﺕ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺸﻲ ٍﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻢ ﺷﺮﻛﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺇﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﻢ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٩٣‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻉ‪ ..‬ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺬﺭ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬
‫)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺑﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪: ‬‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺪﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﺭﺟﻞ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﺍﻓﻊ ]ﺑﻦ ﺧﺪﻳﺞ[‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺑﻦ ﺳﺮﻳﺞ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻠﲔ ﳏﻤﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺣﺎﻟﲔ؛ ﻓﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ )ﺃﻥ ﲦﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻵﺧﺬﻩ(‪ ..‬ﳏﻤﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺑﺎﻷﺧﺬ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ )ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ(‪ ..‬ﳏﻤﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻷﺧﺬ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻛﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺟﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﳜﺘﻠﻄﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ‪ ..‬ﻓﺴﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺇﺫﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﻌﻮﺽ ﻓﺎﺳﺪ ﳎﻬﻮﻝ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺼﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺄﺫﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺟﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ (١٩١/٥‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (١٩٣/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪.(٢٨٠/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺧﺴﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺟﺮ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻫﻮ ﺭﺍﻓﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺪﻳﺞ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺍﻓﻊ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺪﻱ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻲ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺛﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺧﺪﻳﺞ‪ ،‬ﻋ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻳﻮﻡ ﺑﺪﺭ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺼﻐﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻬﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻋﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ﻇﻬﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺍﻓﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻭﺣﻔﻴﺪﻩ ﻋﺒﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺭﻓﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻮﻃﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻀﺖ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﺖ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ )‪ ،(٤٧٩/٢‬ﻭﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(٣٨/٢‬‬
‫‪ ٦٧٢‬‬

‫ﺽ ﻛﺮﺍ َﺀ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﺭ ﹺ‬

‫ﺽ ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﻷﺭ ﹺ‬ ‫‪ $‬ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﺫﻱ ﻣﺎ ﹴﻝ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﻖ‪ ‬ﲟﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..#‬ﻳﻘﺎﻝ)‪ :(٢‬ﻳﻘﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻳﻐﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟﺼﺎﺣ ﹺ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺼﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ)‪ (٤‬ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﺍﻓﻊ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﺍﻓﻊ ﻏﺎﺻﺐ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺚ ﻣﻨﻘﻄ ‪‬ﻊ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻠﻖ ﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺭﺍﻓﻌ‪‬ﺎ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹸ‬
‫ﻀﻬﻢ ﻟﺒﻌ ﹴ‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ َﹶﻞ ﹸﻛﱡﻠ ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺭ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺿﺎ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺇﺫﻥ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺭﺑﺎﺡ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺍﻓﻊ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪$ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺯﺭﻉ ﺃﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﻧﻔﻘﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻉ ﺷﻲﺀ‪.#‬‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ ،(١٥٨٢١ :١٣٨/٢٥‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺯﺭﻉ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺇﺫﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ ،(٣٤٠٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﺯﺭﻉ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻗﻮﻡ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺇﺫ‪‬ﻢ )‪ ،(١٣٦٦‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺯﺭﻉ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻗﻮﻡ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺇﺫ‪‬ﻢ )‪ ،(٢٤٦٦‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ ،(١٣٦/٦‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺮﻯ )‪:٤٣٠/٤‬‬
‫‪ ،(٢١٤٦‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ )‪ ،(٤٤٣٧ :٢٨٥-٢٨٤/٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‪" :‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺄﻟﺖ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﺴﻦ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﺍﻓﻊ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٦٧٣‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א [אض ‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٩٤‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ﹶﺬ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﻦ ﳘﺎ ﲦ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ)‪ (٢‬ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ)‪ (٣‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻌ ‪‬ﺮﺽ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٩٥‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺑﻀﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ‪.(٦) (٥)/‬‬
‫ﺽ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺭﺟﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﺽ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫‪ -٢١٩٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺸﺮﺍﺀ)‪ (٧‬ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ]ﻫﺬﻩ[ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺿﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﺟﺮ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ)‪(٨‬؛ ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪/١٠٩)/:‬ﺏ( ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ)‪ (٩‬ﻳﺄﻣﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺄﻣﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﺽ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺃﻳﻪ‪.(١٠)/‬‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬ ‫‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻁ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﺽ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫‪] -٢١٩٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪) [:‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﻌﻞ‪ ..‬ﺿﻤﻦ)‪.(١٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲦﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻜﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٩/٥‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٤٣/٨‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪(١٧٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (١٠٦/٤‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ (٣/٦‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٦/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١١٧/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٣٩‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١١-١٠/٤‬ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﻀﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺭﺑﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻑ )‪ ١٠١٤‬ﻭ‪ ١٠١٥‬ﻭ‪.(١٠١٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﱠﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (١٠٧/٤‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ (٩/٦‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(١٠/٦‬‬ ‫)‪ (٨‬ﻓﻴﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٢٩‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻜﻠﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(١١/٥‬‬
‫‪ ٦٧٤‬‬

‫‪ -٢١٩٨‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ)‪ (١‬ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺎ؛ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ‪» :‬ﻗﺎﺭﺿﺘﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ«‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪» :‬ﻗﺎﺭﺿﺘﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺜﲔ)‪ ..«(٢‬ﲢﺎﻟﻔﺎ ﻭﺗﻔﺎﺳﺨﺎ؛ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢ)‪ (٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﺼﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻟﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢١٩٩‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹺﻞ ﻣﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻣﻀﺎﺭﺑ ﹰﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺍﻋﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﺃﻳﻚ«‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺫﻥ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﻓﻌﻞ‪ ..‬ﺿﻤﻦ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٠٠‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﻛﻞ ﻭﻳﻜﺘﺴﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﰲ ﺣﻀﺮ ﻭﻻ ﺳﻔﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٠١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﺎﻓﺮ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻁ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻛﺜﲑ‪‬ﺍ ﳛﺘﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ]ﺃﻣﺎ[ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﺑﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ]ﻟﻪ[ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﺮﺑﺢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ (٤٦/٦‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٤٧/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٤٦/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪" (٦‬ﻷﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﺃﻳﻪ ﻳﻨﺼﺮﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺪﺑﲑﻩ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﰲ ﻭﻓﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﺴﺎﺀ" ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ ،(٣٢٢/٧‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪- (٢٠٨/٧‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﺇﱃ »ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ« ﻭﱂ ﺃﺟﺪﻩ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.-‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٤٤/٨‬ﺫﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺇﻥ ﺑﺎﻉ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺫﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺭﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ "ﺍﻋﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﺃﻳﻚ" ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (١١٦/٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣١٦-٣١٥/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻀﺮ ﺟﺰﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﰲ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪ .‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (٤٦٢/٧‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪(٢١٢/٧‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺰﻳﺎﻩ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٠٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣١٧/٢‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻓﻠﻮ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺴﺪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪" :(٣٢/٦‬ﻧﺺ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮ – ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ – (١٧٢‬ﺃﻥ‪» :‬ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ«‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻸﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺎﻥ؛ ﺃﺻﺤﻬﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻇﻬﺮﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻀﺮ؛ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺭﲟﺎ ﻻ ﳛﺼﻞ ﺇﻻ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﺨﺘﻞ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪-‬ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ :-‬ﲡﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﲞﻼﻑ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻀﺮ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﺳﱠﻠﻢ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻐﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﻠﻤﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﺗﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :-‬ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﲪﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺟﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺟﻮﺏ ﻭﲪﻞ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺆﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻛﺄﺟﺮﺓ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺻﺮﻳﺢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺴﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺆﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺧﻄﺄ ﺻﺮﻳﺢ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٦٧٥‬‬

‫ﻓﻐﱭ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﲔ ﺑﺎﻉ ﻓﻐ‬ ‫‪ -٢٢٠٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﻞ)‪ (٢‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭ ﹴ‬
‫ﺽ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺻ ‪‬ﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻭﻛﻴ ﹴﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹴﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻣ ﹴ‬
‫ﺣﺎﰉ‪ ..‬ﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺘﻐﺎﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﻩ؛ ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪:‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺰ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﻮﻻﻳﺘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬‫ﻉ ﻣﺎ ﹶﻝ)‪ (٣‬ﻳﺘﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٤‬ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻮ ﹾﻛ ﹴ‬
‫ﻟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺻﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ)‪] (٥‬ﻭ[ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻭﺍﶈﺎﺑﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻬﺐ ﻣﺎ ﹶﻝ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﱭ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺃﺣﻄﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻴ‪‬ﺮﻩ)‪ (٦‬ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﻄﺄ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ..‬ﺭﺩ ﺧﻄﺆﻩ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﺨﻠﻂ)‪ (٨‬ﲟﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﻯ)‪ (٩‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٠٣‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺭﺽ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺮﻁ ]ﻋﻠﻴﻪ[ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻴﻊ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻧﻮﺕ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٠٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺭﺽ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -٢٢٠٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺻﻨﻔﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﳜﻠﻒ ﺃﻥ)‪ (١١‬ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻭﻗﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﺠﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻐﲑ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪(١٤‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﺒﺪﻧﻪ ﻓﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ‬ ‫‪ -٢٢٠٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺧﺬ )ﻣﺎ ﹰﻻ‪/‬‬
‫ﻓﻀﺎﻉ‪ ../‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﻀﻴﻊ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ (٦٨٨/٢‬ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪ (٦٣٤/٣‬ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻊ )‪ (١٩٤/٢‬ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٢٢٠‬ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ )‪ (١٧٦/٣‬ﺍﳌﻌﻮﻧﺔ‬
‫)‪ (١١٢٣/٢‬ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﲔ )ﺹ‪ (٤٠٨‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﻣﻬﺎﺕ )ﺹ‪.(٤٢٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻜﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﹰﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺘﻴﻤﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻐﲑﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (١١٦/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٠١‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣١٥/٢‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(٣٨٥/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺨﺎﻟﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺘﻌﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺘﻌﺪﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٤٩/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٤٨/٥‬‬
‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ ، :‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ (١٢/٦‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(١٣-١٢/٦‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٣٠‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪) :‬ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻮﺍ( ﻛﺘﺐ ﻓﻮﻗﻬﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻌﺪﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫‪ ٦٧٦‬‬

‫ﻼ ﲟﺎﻝﹴ‪ ،‬ﻓﺪﻓﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﹰﻻ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺧﻠﻄﻬﻤﺎ)‪ (٢‬ﲨﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬

‫‪ -٢٢٠٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﺭﺽ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻷﻭﻝ‪،‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪‬ﺍ)‪ (٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺑﺎﻃ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﺨﻠﻄﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﳘﺎ)‪ (٦‬ﻋﲔ)‪ ..(٧‬ﺟﺎﺯ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﺎﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺛﻮﺑ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺒﺾ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻟﻴﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻓﻮﺟﺪ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺽ ]ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ[ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -٢٢٠٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﺳﺮﻕ)‪ ..(٩‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎﺭﺽ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ)‪ (١١‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﻝﹺ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ]ﻋﻠﻰ[ ﻗﺮﺍﺿﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫‪] -٢٢٠٩‬ﻭ[ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﰉ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ)‪.(١٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻀﻪ‪ ..‬ﺿﻤ‪‬ﻨﻪ؛ َﻷ‪‬ﻧﻪ ﻓﺮﻁ ﺑﺄﺧﺬﻩ‪ ،‬ﻧﺺ‬
‫ﻒ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪" :(٣٩١/٢‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﹶﺃﺧ ﹶﺬ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣ ﹸﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺘﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ ﻭﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺧﻠﻄﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻏﲑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺳﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪) :‬ﺗﻔﺮﻕ( ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﻝ ﺣﺮﻓﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٩‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ،(٣٩/٦‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(١٤٠/٥‬ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﺃﻟﻒ‪ ،‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﺛﻮﺑ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺽ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ‪ ..‬ﺑ ﹶﻄ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍ ُﺀ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻔ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﺔ‪ ..‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ »ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ«‪ :‬ﻳﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻒ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻏﲑ ﺑﺎﻕ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻨﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺘﺮﻯ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺗﻠﻒ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﺍﳌﻌﺪ ﻟﻠﺜﻤﻦ‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺁﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺗﻠﻒ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﺮﻳﺞ‪ :‬ﻳﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺗﻠﻒ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﻭﻳﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺽ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺇﺫﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﺼﺮﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (٣٧٠/١‬ﻭﺗﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (١٦٨/٣‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﺮﻳﺞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳜﲑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪.(٦٤١/٣‬‬
 ‫‪٦٧٧‬‬

‫‪ -٢٢١٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻌﺪﻯ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﺽ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺑﺎﳌﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺭﺑﺢ ﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻋﻴﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎﺭﺽ ﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢١١‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺭﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﳐﲑ ﰲ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻪ ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻀﻤﻨﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻼ ﲟﺎﻝﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪» :‬ﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢ ﻛﻠﻪ«‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺮﺍﺽ‬‫‪ -٢٢١٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﺭﺽ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺳﺪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﺟﺮ)‪ (٣‬ﻣﺜﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢ ﻣﻊ ﺟﺰﺋﻪ‪..‬‬ ‫ﳘﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺽ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬ ‫‪ -٢٢١٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﻓﺎﺳﺪ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﺟﺮ)‪ (٧‬ﻣﺜﻠﻪ؛ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺑﺢ ﺇﻻ ﺩﺭﳘﹰﺎ)‪.(٩)(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢١٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻁ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢١٥‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﺎﻉ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﺳﻠﻌ ﹰﺔ ﺑﺪﻧﺎﻧﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀﻩ ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ‪ (١١)/‬ﳏﻞ ﺍﻷﺟﻞ‪ ..‬ﺟﱪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ)‪(١٢‬؛ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻣﺘﻨﻊ ﺃﻧﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺒﻪ ﳒﻮﻣﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺄﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺗﻀﻤﻴﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(١٥/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺟﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ (٢٠-١٩/٦‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٢٠/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٢٣-١٢٢/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺩﺭﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ (١٥/٦‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(١٧/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺟﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ (٢٠-١٩/٦‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪. (٢٠/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢ ﳎﻬﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﳚﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﳎﻬﻮﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﳎﻬﻮﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺑﺢ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﻲ ﺑﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﺭﺑﺢ‪ .‬ﻭﱂ ﺃﺟﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٣٩‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٨٥-٢٨٤/٤‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٣٠٨/١‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٨٥/٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﹸﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،...‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ‬
‫)‪.(٣٣٤/١٠‬‬
‫‪ ٦٧٨‬‬

‫ﺏ ﺍﳌﺎ ﹺﻝ ﰲ ﺑﻴ ﹺﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ ﻗﻮ ﹸﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪.(٢)(١)/‬‬

‫ﺽ ﻭﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢١٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢١٧‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻴﻊ ﻟﻪ ﺭﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻼ)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﺭﺿﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﳚﻮﺯ ﰒ ﺗﻄﻮﻉ‪/١١٠)/‬ﺏ( ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ‬‫ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﺽ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻭ ﲪﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻀﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻉ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﳘﺎ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﲟﺎ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‬
‫‪ -٢٢١٨‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻘﺪﺍﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﳚﻮﺯ‪ ،‬ﰒ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺄﺱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢١٩‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺣﻴﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻥ ﺇﱃ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ﹴﻞ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺬ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍ َﻷ ‪‬ﺟ ﹺﻞ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻟﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺆ‪‬ﻧ ﹲﺔ‬
‫ﻒ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٢٠‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ)‪ (٨‬ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻃﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﺒﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﻓﺄﺭﺍ ‪‬ﺩ)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﺒﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﺁﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃﺟﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﻘﻂ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻤﻞ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫‪ -٢٢٢١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺳﻠﻌ ﹰﺔ ﻓﺄﺷﺮﻙ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻊ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٢٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻟﻪ ]ﺑﻌﺪ[ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﲦﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ)‪ ..(١‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٣١‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٧٤‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(٣٥٢/٧‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢ ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﻴﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺽ ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺒﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪- (١٢٠/٥‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺭﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ -‬ﻭﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )ﺹ‪ ،(٣٢٥‬ﻭﺟﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺩ‬
‫)‪.(١٩٤/١‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺆﻭﻧﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺳﺒﻖ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪ (١٤٣/٣‬ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪. (٧٦/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٢/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٥٢٨/٣‬‬
 ‫‪٦٧٩‬‬

‫‪ -٢٢٢٣‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ)‪ (٣‬ﺎ ﻋﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺄﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﺩ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺷﺮﻛﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺭﺩ]ﻩ[‬
‫ﻀﻪ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻉ ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﻩ ﳎﻤﻮﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺩ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﺃﰉ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻚ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺑﻨﺼﻒ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٢٤‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺭﺟﻼﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻓﺄﺻﺎﺑﺎ)‪] (٧‬ﺑﻪ[ ﻋﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺷﺎﺀ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ‬
‫ﻧﺼﻴﺒﻪ‪ ..‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﳝﺴﻚ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺷﺮﻳﻜﹰﺎ ﻟﻪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻭﻗﻊ ﳍﻤﺎ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٢٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (١‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺛﻮﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻠﻢ)‪ (١‬ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ؛ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‪..‬‬
‫ﺲ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻕ)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻭ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻔ ﹺ‬
‫ﺲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻔ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ ﺟﻨﺎﻳ ﹶﺔ ﺧﺮ ﹴ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﺛﻮﺑ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ‪ (٤)/‬ﲜﻨﺎﻳﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺷﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٥٢٨-٥٢٧/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺻﺎﺑﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٢٧٢/٤‬ﻭﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٤٨٩/٣‬ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻗﻮﳍﻤﺎ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻟﻮ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺧﱠﻠﻒ ﺍﺑﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺟﺪﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻷﺻﺢ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺪﺍﺩ‪ :-‬ﻻ ﻳﻨﻔﺮﺩ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺩ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻘﺔ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﻟﻮ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻻﺑﻨﲔ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺻﺎﺑﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺩﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻷﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ١٢٢‬ﻭ‪(١٥٦‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(٢٥٠/٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻞ ﺗﺒﻄﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﳜﻠﺺ ﻟﻠﻤﻤﺴﻚ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻣﺴﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻠﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻡ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺴﻚ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺩ ﺫﺍﻙ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ )‪ (٢٥١/٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٢٧٣-٢٧٢/٤‬ﻭﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫ﺻﺤ‪‬ﻬﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﺗﺒﻄﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ :(٤٨٩/٣‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺫﻛﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺃﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﻧﺺ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻗﻮ ﹲﻝ ﻻ ﻭﺟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٦٨٠‬‬

‫ﺨ‪‬ﻴﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﻩ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺺ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫‪ -٢٢٢٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﹺﺑﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ﹴﺮ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎ ِﺀ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻣﺎﺕ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﱠﺜ ‪‬ﻤ ﹺﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻬﺰﺍ ﹴﻝ ﰲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪﹺﻧ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻪ ﹺﺑ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٢٧‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﻭﻳﺴﻘﻂ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻧ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﻴﺮ‪‬ﺍ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٢٨‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ)‪ (٨‬ﻣﻨﻔﺴﺦ)‪.(١٠)(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٢٩‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﲝﺼﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٣٠‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﻗﺘﻞ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻐﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﻛﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪] -٢٢٣١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻣﻔﺴﻮﺥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﻋﺒﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺒﺾ[)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٣٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹰﺔ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ؛ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﺃﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﻭﻭﻟﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﺗﻨﻘﺼﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻧﻘﺼﻬﺎ ﻓﻬﻮ ﳐﲑ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﱂ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٣٢‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻃﺮﺃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺒﻴﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﺃﺟﻨﱯ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻠﻤﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ؛ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﺴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‪..‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﺃﺟﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﲜﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﻭﻏﺮﻡ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ٥٠٢/٣‬ﻭ‪.(٥٠٧‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ )‪/٥٣/‬ﺏ‪/٥٤-‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﻓﺴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺎﺯ ﲜﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣١/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٥٠٦/٣‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ )‪/١٥٠/‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻔﺴﺦ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٥٠٢/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻳﻔﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻒ ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺻﺤﻬﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻨﻔﺴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﲔ‪ .‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٢٩٥/٥‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٩٢/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٤٨٠/٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪(٤٢٣/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻀﻌﻒ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﻌﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻱ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٦٨١‬‬

‫‪ -٢٢٣٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻏﺘﻠﺖ)‪ (٤‬ﻏﻠﺔ)‪ (٥‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﻘﺺ)‪ (٦‬ﺑﺪ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻐﻠﺔ)‪ (٧‬ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻧﻘﺺ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٣٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪] :‬ﻭ[ ﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻳﻦ!‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٢٣٥‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻮﻛﻴﻠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ‪@ :‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺍ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﺮ)‪ (١١‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎ ﹴﺭ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎﺋ ‪‬ﺔ)‪.(١٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﻝ ﺣﺮﻓﲔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻘﺼﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٥٠٧-٥٠٦/٣‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺑﺂﻓﺔ ﲰﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﲜﻨﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻋﺘﻠﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻘﺺ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺑﻞ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔﻴﻞ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻳ ﹴﻦ ﺻﺤﻴ ﹴﺢ ﺛﺎﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﻫﻦ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٥٣/٤‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ ،(١٥٠/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٤٨/٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻔﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ ﻭﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻮﰊ )‪.(٣٢٥/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٦٨٢‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א ‪ E١FZ‬‬

‫ﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ‪ (٢‬ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻓﺄﺩﺭﻙ‬
‫‪ -٢٢٣٦‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ) :‬ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﱂ)‪ (٣‬ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺺ)‪ ..(٤‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻧﻘﺺ‪ ..‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﺼﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٣٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ)‪ (٦‬ﻟﻪ ﻏﻠﺔ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ ﺿﺎﻣﻨ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (٧‬ﳍﺎ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٣٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻐﺘﻞ ﻓﺤﺒﺴﻪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻐﺘﻠﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻠﺔ؛ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻼﻡ ﻭﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﳑﻠﻮﻙ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٣٩‬ﺇﻻ ﺍﳊﺮ؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ)‪] (١٠‬ﺣﺒﺲ ﺍﳊﺮ[ ﺇﺟﺎﺭﺓ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫ﺺ ﻛﺎﻥﹶ؛ ﹶﻗ ﱠﻞ ﹶﺃﻭ ﹶﻛﹸﺜ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳ‪‬ﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻴﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺻﺤﻴﺤ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻱ ﻧﻘ ﹴ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٤٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﻲ ُﺀ ﺍﳌﻐﺼﻮ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻪ؛ ﻭﺗﻔﺴ ‪‬ﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﻐﺼﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‪/‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻳﻮﻣﺌ ‪‬ﺬ ﻣﻨﻘﻮﺻ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ ﻭﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﻓﻘﺮ ﹰﺓ ﻛﺎﻣﻠ ﹰﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ )ﺃ( ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻮﺯ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺫﻛﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻏﺼﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺼﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﱂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻘﺺ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٢٣-٥٢٢/٤‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٣٧٤/١‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٤٠١/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٢-٣١/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺿﺎﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٢٣/٤‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ ٣٨٦/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٣٩٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ٧/٥‬ﻭ‪ ١٣‬ﻭ‪.(٢٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٢٤-٥٢٣/٤‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٣٩٣/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٣/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٣٩٤/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٤/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ( ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٨٦/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(١٧١/٥‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٣٣‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٦٨٣‬‬

‫ﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺨﺮﻗﻪ)‪ (١‬ﺑﺎﺛﻨﲔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ)‪ (٣‬ﻳﻮﻣﺌ ‪‬ﺬ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳋﺮﻕ)‪ (٤‬ﲬﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﻳﻮﻡ ﹸﻏ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻭﲬﺴ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ)‪.(٦) (٥‬‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﻮ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻏﺼﺐ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬ ‫‪ -٢٢٤١‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺼﺖ ﺣﱴ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻏﺼﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻗﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺻﺎﺑﻪ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ‪ ..‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﺻﺤﻴﺤ‪‬ﺎ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻭﺑﻪ)‪ (٨‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺺ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻘﺼﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ‪ ..‬ﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺩ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‪/١١١)/‬ﺏ( ﰲ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ)‪ (٩‬ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻗﻂ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻟﻪ ﻏﺎﺻﺐ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﻳﺮﺩﻩ ﲝﺎﻟﻪ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻗﻴﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺏ ﰲ ﻭﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺜﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻖ)‪ (١٢‬ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺃﺟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٢٤٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (١١‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﲝﺎﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ)‪ ..(١٣‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺻﺤﻴﺤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﺻﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻐﺮﻡ ﻧﻘﺺ)‪ (١٤‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﺻﺐ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﳌﻐﺼﻮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ ﺑﺜﻮﺑﻪ ﻭﺑﻨﻘﺼﻪ)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ)‪ (١٦‬ﻗﻂ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﺨﺮﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺤﺮﻗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻘﻮﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳋﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺮﻕ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٢٢/٤‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٣٤١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٣-٣٢/٥‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٨‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٢٣-٥٢٢/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٢-٣١/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺷﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺾ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٤‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٦٨٤‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٤٣‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺽ ﻭﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻓﺎﺋﺖ‪ ..‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﺮﺩ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﳑﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻜﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ)‪ (٢‬ﻳﻮﺯﻥ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫‪] -٢٢٤٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻜﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻮﺯﻥ[ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻏﺼﺐ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ)‪ (٥‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﳚﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺩ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺘ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٧‬ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﺋﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺰﺍﺩﺕ ﺣﱴ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﺃﻟﻔﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻧﻘﺼﺖ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬‫ﻼ ﻏﺼ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٤٥‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻓﻘﻄﻊ ﻳﺪﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﺗ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳ ﹸﺔ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﻄ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪﻫﺎ ﺻﺤﻴﺤ ﹰﺔ‪ ..‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺼﻒ‪ (١٠)/‬ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻨﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ)‪ (١١‬ﺍﳌﻐﺼﻮﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺑﻨﺼﻒ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﻗﻮﻣﺖ ﺑﻨﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺪﻥ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٤٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (١٣‬ﻏﺼﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﺴﻮﻯ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺰﺍﺩﺕ ﰲ ﺑﺪ‪‬ﺎ‪ (١٤)/‬ﺣﱴ ﺗﺴﻮﻯ ﺃﻟﻔﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ)‪ ،(١٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻨﻘﺺ ﰲ ﺑﺪ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲟﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻓﺘﺮﺩ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺜﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺜﻠﻲ ﻓﲑﺩ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٥٢٢/٤‬ﻭ‪ (٥٣٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٨/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻏﺼﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻀﺐ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻏﻀﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٣٣/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٩-١٨/٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﰲ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﳌﺜﻠﻲ ﺃﻭﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺣﺪﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﺪﺭ ﺑﻜﻴﻞ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻥ‪ ...،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻳﺰﺍﺩ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ...،‬ﻓﺎﻷﺻﺢ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﺴﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺜﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﳛﺼﺮﻩ ﻛﻴﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻭﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻘﻮﻣﺖ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﻘﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٣٣‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰒ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٢٣-٥٢٢/٤‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٣٧٦/١‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٨-٣٧/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٣٤‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻟﻒ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٦٨٥‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺑﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺪﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫‪ -٢٢٤٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻧﻘﺼﺖ ﰲ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻨﻘﺺ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺭﺩ ﺍﻷﻣﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪ -٢٢٤٨‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻏﺼﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻠﺪ)‪ (٤‬ﻓﺘﻨﺎﺗﺞ‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻥ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻦ)‪ (٦‬ﻗﻴﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻛﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻬﺎﺕ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﰲ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻗﻂ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻳﺰﻋﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ)‪ (٨‬ﻟﻪ ﺃﺧﺬﻫﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻗﻴﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﱄ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺘﻠﻒ)‪ ..(٩‬ﻓﻠﻲ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٤٩‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ ﻏﻠﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻏﺘﺼﺐ ‪-‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻜ ﹺﺮ)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑ ﹶﺔ‪-‬‬
‫ﺨﻠﹶﺪ ﺑﻦ ‪‬ﺧﻔﹶﺎﻑ‪ /(١٣)(١٢‬ﺣﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ :‬ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺝ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،(١)#‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ) ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥١٨/٤‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٧-٢٥/٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٨٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻘﺺ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٢٣-٥٢٢/٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﺴﺖ ﺃﻧﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻐﲑ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻐﲑ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﳌﻐﺼﻮﺏ"‬
‫ﻭﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٥‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣١/٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٨٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﻠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺘﻨﺎﺗﺞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﳌﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺀ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻤﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٣٣/٤‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٣٧٧/١‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ٧/٥‬ﻭ‪.(٢٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﺮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﳎﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺧﻔﺎﻑ"‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﳐﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﻔﺎﻑ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﺤﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ‪ :‬ﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﹶﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺧ‪‬ﻔﺎﻑ ﺑﻦ ﹶﺃﳝﺎﺀ ﺑﻦ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺣﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻷﺑﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺝ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺫﺋﺐ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﺮﻭ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﲟﺜﻠﻪ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻟﻪ ﻏﲑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻱ‪@ :‬ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﳍﻴﺜﻢ ﺑﻦ ﲨﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺎﺽ ﻋﻦ ﳐﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒﺨﺎ ﹺﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ!‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﲰﺎﻉ ﺍﺑﻦ ﹶﺃﰊ ﺫﺋﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺎﺑﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﳒﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻭﺿﺎﺡ‪ :‬ﳐﻠﺪ ﻣﺪﱐ ﺛﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪ ،(٤١/٤‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(٩٢٧‬‬
‫‪ ٦٨٦‬‬

‫ﻚ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ)‪ (٤‬ﻳﻘﻀﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻠﺔ‬

‫ﱯ ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟ ‪‬ﻐﱠﻠ ‪‬ﺔ ﳌﺎﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺲ)‪ (٢‬ﻟﻪ)‪ (٣‬ﺑﻌﻴ ﹴ‬
‫ﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﰲ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺩﱢﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﳌﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻐﺼﻮﺏ ﻣﻨﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٥٠‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺼﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻓﺰﺍﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ )ﺃﺛﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﻻ ﻋﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪- (٦‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳋﺸﺐ ﻳﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﻭﻳﻨﻘﺸﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﻳﻘﺼﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪ ﳚﻌﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻮﻓﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻪ‪-‬؛ )ﻓﺈﻥ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﲟﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻐﺼﻮﺏ ﺃﻥ‪ (٧‬ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺫﻟﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ ﻣﻊ)‪ (٨‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻘﺼﻪ )ﰲ ﻃﻮﻝ‪ (٩‬ﺍﳋﺸﺐ ﻭﳓﺎﻟﺘﻪ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﺺ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ )‪ (٢٧٣/١٠‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ )ﺹ ‪ (٤٤٨‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٢٢‬ﻭﺃﲪﺪ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻼ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ ،(٢٤٢٢٤ :٢٧٢/٤٠‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ ،(١٤٧٧٧ :١٧٦/٨‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻤﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﰒ ﳚﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻴ‪‬ﺒﺎ‪ ،(٣٥٠٨) ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻐﻠﻪ ﰒ‬
‫ﳚﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،(١٢٨٥) ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺝ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،(٤٤٩٠) ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺝ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،(٢٢٤٢) ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ )ﺹ‪ ٦٢٦ :٢١٢‬ﻭ‪ ،(٦٢٧‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ )‪:٢٩٩/١١‬‬
‫‪ ،(٤٩٢٨‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ ،(١٥/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ ،(٣٢١/٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‪" :‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﳝﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬‫ﺻ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻍ )ﺹ‪ " :(٢٥٢-٢٥١‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫]ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺷﺎﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ )ﺹ‪.[(٤٥٠-٤٤٩‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺩﻟﺲ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﺎﺋﺪ ﺇﱃ ﳐﻠﺪ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻗﺼﺔ ﳐﻠﺪ ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺪﻳﺚ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻻ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٢٤/٤‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١٦٥‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺛﺮ ﻻ ﻋﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳌﻐﺼﻮﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﲦﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٩‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
 ‫‪٦٨٧‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﺻﺐ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ؛‬
‫ﻉ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻷﻧﻪ ﺃﺛ ‪‬ﺮ ﻻ ﻋﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭ َﻷﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺘﻄﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻣﺎ ﹴﻝ ]ﻟﻪ[‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ)‪ (٤‬ﻳﺼﺒﻐﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﻖ‬
‫‪ -٢٢٥١‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﰲ‪ (٣)/‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳﹸﻠ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﺒﻐﻪ ﻛﻢ ﻳﺴﻮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻢ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻣﺼﺒﻮﻏﹰﺎ؛‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻎ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﻳﻜﹰﺎ)‪ (٦‬ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ)‪ (٧‬ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺒﻮﻏﹰﺎ‪ ..‬ﺭﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ ﲟﺎ)‪ (٨‬ﻧﻘﺺ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٥٢‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﺟﱪ ﺃﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻓﺴﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺼﺐ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﺟﱪ‬
‫ﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﻊ ﻣﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﺟﱪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻐﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﰲ ﺛﻮﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺷﺮﻳﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻐﺼﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﺑﻴﺾ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﻧﻈﺮ)‪ (١١‬ﻛﻢ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻣﺼﺒﻮﻏﹰﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻋﺸﺮ)‪ ..(١٢‬ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻳﻜﹰﺎ)‪ (١٣‬ﺑﺪﺭﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ)‪ (١‬ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻣﺼﺒﻮﻏﹰﺎ ﺗﺴﻌﺔ ]ﺩﺭﻫﻢ[‪ ..‬ﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﻭﻏﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ ﺩﺭﳘﹰﺎ)‪.(٢) (١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٥٣٤/٤‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ( ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٤٦-٤٥/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ( ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪ (٢٩١/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٨٢/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٣٥‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺛﻮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺛﻠﺜﺔ‪.‬‬‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٣٤/٤‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٦‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (١٨٣-١٨٠/٧‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٤١٠-٤٠٩/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ (٤٨-٤٧/٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٩٢-٢٩١/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪(١٨٥-١٨٤/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﻤﻐﺼﻮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺪ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٦٨٨‬‬

‫ﻼ ﺍﻏﺘﺼﺐ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻮﻃﺌﻬﺎ‪/١١٢)/‬ﺏ( ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺕ)‪ (٣‬ﻟﻪ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ‪‬ﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ )ﳛﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٢٥٣‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬

‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ‪ (٤‬ﺍﳌﺜﻞ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﻭﻟﺪ ﺯﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻠﺤﻘﻮﺍ ﺑﺄﺑﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ)‪ (٦‬ﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻁﺀ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪] -٢٢٥٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻏﺘﺼﺒﻬﺎ)‪ (٩‬ﰒ ﺑﺎﻋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺣﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺕ)‪ (١٠‬ﰒ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻘﺖ‪ ..‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤ ‪‬ﻖ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺘ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ)‪ (١١‬ﺻﺪﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﻃﺌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺳﻘﻄﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻢ)‪ (١٢‬ﺃﺣﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﻳﻠﺤﻖ ﻧﺴﺒﻬﻢ ﺑﺄﺑﻴﻬﻢ)‪ ،(١٣‬ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﺼﻬﺎ)‪.(١٤‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺩﺭﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٥٠/٥‬ﻟﻮ ﺑﺬﻝ ﺍﳌﻐﺼﻮﺏ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻎ ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻤﻠﻜﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ ﻓﻬﻞ‬
‫ﳚﺎﺏ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ؟ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻭﺟﻪ‪ ...‬ﺃﺻﺤﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻻ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٩٢/٢‬ﻭ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪" :(١٨٥/٥‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺑﺬﻝ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﺻﺐ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻎ ﻟﻴﺘﻤﻠﻜﻪ ﱂ ﳚﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﻣﻜﻦ ﻓﺼﻠﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻻ"‪] .‬ﺯ[‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻻ ﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺇﺟﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻐﺼﻮﺏ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٥٣٤/٤‬ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﺻﺐ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺌﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺮﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻋﻔﺮﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻚ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﳌﺎ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺌﺖ ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‪ ...‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻭﻟﺪﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳛﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺼﺪﺍﻕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻄﺎﻭﻋﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٢٩٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٥٢٠/٤‬ﻭ‪ (٥٢٢‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٦١-٥٩/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻏﺼﺒﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰒ ﻭﻟﺪﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻃﺊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﺘﺤﺮﱘ ﻭﻃﺌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺄﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻐﺼﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﳚﻬﻞ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻫ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻢ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٢٠/٤‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٢٢/٨‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٦١-٦٠/٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺬ )ﺍﳌﻐﺼﻮﺏ ﻣﻨﻪ( ﳌﺎ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺃﺭﺵ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٦٨٩‬‬

‫‪ -٢٢٥٥‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ )ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻩ‪ (١‬ﻓﻴﺄﺧﺬﻩ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﲟﺎ ﻏﺮﻡ ﰲ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ‪ (٣)/‬ﲟﺎ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ)‪ (٤‬ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺼﺪﺍﻕ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺗﻠﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲟﺎ ﻧﻘﺺ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٥٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻴﺘﺔ ﻭﳍﺎ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ‪ ..‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺟﻊ)‪ (١‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭ]ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ[ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ ﻭﻻ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ )ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻩ‪.(٣)(٢‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٣٤‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﱂ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻨﻪ‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٢٢/٨‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٥٢٠/٤‬ﻭﺭﺟﻊ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﲜﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻐﺼﻮﺏ ﻻ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺣﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﺃﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﺍﳌﻐﺼﻮﺏ ﺭﻗﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺻﺪﺍﻗﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻭﻟﺪﻫﺎ" ﻭﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﲜﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﺎ ﺿﻤﻨﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ )ﺇﻻ( ﺇﱃ )ﻻ( ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(١٦٥‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ ﲜﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﺎ ﺿﻤﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻏﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺮ؛‬
‫ﻷﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﻳﺘﻠﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﻐﺮﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑﻩ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻏﺮﻣﻪ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ ﺇﻥ ﺟﻬﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ ﺇﻥ ﺗﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﻐﺼﻮﺏ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﻏﺮﻣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﻥ ﺗﻌﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻐﺼﻮﺏ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻔﻌﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﲟﻬﺮ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ :‬ﻳﺮﺟﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﻥ ﺗﻌﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻐﺼﻮﺏ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺂﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﻐﺮﻡ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﻓﺎﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺵ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٨‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﻐﺮﻡ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﺗﻠﻔﺖ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (١٥٥/٧‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٣٤١‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٤٢٠-٤١٩/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪(٦٤-٦٣/٥‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٩٥-٢٩٤/٢‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٩٤/٢‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺷﺮﺣﻪ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ )ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺐ ﻟﺴﺒﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ(‪" :‬ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﲞﻂ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ »ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ« ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫‪ ٦٩٠‬‬

‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑ ﹶﺔ ﻓﺮﻛﺒ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﺮﻛﺒ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺴﻮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ‬
‫‪ -٢٢٥٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻏﺘﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﺼﻬﺎ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٥٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻛﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻓﺮﻛﺒ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺑﻜﺮﺍ ٍﺀ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﺍﺅﻩ ﻣﻔﺴﻮﺧ‪‬ﺎ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻋﻠﻰ )ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ( ﻗﻴﻤ ﹸﺔ ﺭﻛﻮﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻘﺖ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬ﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٢٥٩‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺼﻬﺎ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٦٠‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺄﺧﺬﻩ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٦١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﻄﺒﺖ ﲢﺖ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺮﻱ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻗﺒﻀﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٦٢‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﳌﻐﺼﻮﺏ ]ﻣﻨﻪ[ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ )ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻗﻂ‪.(١)(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٢٠/٤‬ﻭﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٥‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺭﺟﻮﻋﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﱂ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٢٣/٤‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٥‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (١٦٠-١٥٩/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٣/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٢٩٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٨٦/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٠٨‬ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪" :‬ﻛﻮﻥ ﺍﳌ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﺟ ﹺﺮ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻤﻬﺎ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﺎﺟﺰ‬
‫ﻋﺠﺰ‪‬ﺍ ﺷﺮﻋﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٢٦/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ )‪" :(٢٢٥/٢‬ﻭﺿﺎﺑﻂ ﻣﺎ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺌﺠﺎﺭﻩ‪ :‬ﻛﻞ ﻋﲔ ﻳﻨﺘﻔﻊ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﻋﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻔﻌ ﹰﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺣ ﹰﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣ ﹰﺔ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﹰﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺒﺎﺡ ﺑﺎﻹﺑﺎﺣﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٥٥/٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٧٩/٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ‪)" :‬ﻭﺍﻷﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﳌﺘﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺐ( ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻳﺪﻱ ﺃﻣﺎﻧﺔ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ‪ ..‬ﺃﻳﺪﻱ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ؛ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺟﻬﻞ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ( ﺃﻱ ﺍﻷﻳﺪﻱ )ﺍﻟﻐﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻚ ﻏﲑﻩ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺇﺫﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﻬﻞ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﺴﻘﻄﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻞ ﻟﻺﰒ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺎﺀ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ"‪ .‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻉ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ‪» :‬ﻓﺎﺳ ‪‬ﺪ ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ ﻋﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﻛﺼﺤﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﺪﻣﻪ«‪ .‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪ ﹶﺓ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻮﺍﺑﻂ )ﺹ‪.(٣١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٧٩/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٥٧/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٧٩/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٥٧/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺑﺪﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻠﻪ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ"‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٦٩١‬‬

‫ﺖ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺐ ﲟﺎ ﹶﻏ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻡ)‪ (٢‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻤ‪‬ﺘﻬﺎ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻠ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٦٣‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٢٢٦٤‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺩﺍﺭ‪‬ﺍ ‪-‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻏﺼﺒﻬﺎ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ‪ -‬ﰒ ﻫﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﰒ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﰒ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻘﺖ‪ ..‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺧﺬ ﺑﻨﺎﺀَﻙ)‪ (٤‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ)‪ (٥‬ﰲ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﺪﻣﻪ)‪(٦‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺃﺗﻠﻔﻪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٦٥‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﺪﻣﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺃﺗﻠﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻃﺌﻬﺎ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﺿﺎ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ‪ /‬ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٦٦‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ ﲟﺎ)‪ (٩‬ﺑﲔ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻣﻨﻘﻮ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٦٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻏﺼﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻓﺠﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺔ‪ ..‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ)‪ (١١‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﻳﺔ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٦٨‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺟﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‪..‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﺃﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ]ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪﻩ[‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (١‬ﺃﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺑﻔﻌﻠﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٧٩/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٥٦/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻏﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻧﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﺬﻱ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﻮﻱ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ )‪ (٤٦٦/٥‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺳﻘﻂ ﻭﺗﺼﺤﻴﻔﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺃﻳﺪﻱ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺟﻬﻞ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﺼﺐ"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪" :(٢٩١‬ﺍﻷﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﳌﺘﺮﺗﺒ ﹸﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٧٩/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٥٥/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٤١٩/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٦٣/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٤٢٠/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٦٤/٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ" ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ(‪ ،‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪(٢٩٥/٢‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٩٣/٥‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻷﺻﺢ‪ ،‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻭﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (١٥/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٨/٥‬‬
‫‪ ٦٩٢‬‬

‫ﺐ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ‬‫‪] -٢٢٦٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﲎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ‪ (٣)/‬ﺟﻨﺎﻳ ﹰﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻋﻄﻰ)‪ (٤‬ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻗﻞ ﳑﺎ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﺴﻮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ)‪ (٥‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٧٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺟﲎ ﺃﻛﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻦ ﲦﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ ﻓﻜﺎﻛﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ ]ﻛﻠﻬﺎ[ ﻭﻳﺴﻠﻤﻪ‬
‫ﺐ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ)‪(٩‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (١٠‬ﺟﲎ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‬‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﺑﻼ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻐﺮﻡ)‪ (٨‬ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﺼ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﺪ‪‬ﺍ)‪ ..(١١‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ)‪ ،(١٢‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺭﺩ‪‬ﻩ‪ ..‬ﺭﺩ ﻣﺎ )ﻧﻘﺼﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺐ‪ (١٣‬ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺟﲎ ﺃﻭ)‪ (١٤‬ﺃﺭﺵ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ)‪.(١٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٧١‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ)‪ (١٦‬ﺟﲎ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻳﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﺴﻮﻯ ﺇﻻ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﳍﻢ ﺇﻻ ﲦﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٢٧٢‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺟﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺗﺴﻮﻯ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﻭ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻄﻰ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﺵ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﻳﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٢٢/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٧/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٣٧‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺄﻋﻄﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٥/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺗﺴﻠﻴﻤﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻐﺮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳌﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻧﻘﺺ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٥/٥‬‬
‫ﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٦٤/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٣٦٣/٩‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ )‪.(١٥٨/٤‬‬
 ‫‪٦٩٣‬‬

‫‪ -٢٢٧٣‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻓﺘﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻖ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳌﺨﲑ)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺨﲑ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﺃﺭﺵ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺒﻊ)‪ (٤‬ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﻓﻴﺪﻓﻌﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻫﻮ ﺑﺎﻷﻗﻞ)‪ (٥‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺵ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٧٤‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻏﺘﺼﺐ ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻓﺒﺎﻋﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺟﺎﺯ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻓﺎﺳﺪ‪‬ﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻔﺴﺨ‪‬ﺎ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٧٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻏﺘﺼﺐ)‪ (٩‬ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﰒ ﺻﺎﳊﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ ﺻﻠﺤﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ؛‬
‫ﻷﻧﻪ ﺻﺎﳊﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﺮ‪/١١٣)/‬ﺏ( ﳎﻬﻮﻝ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٧٦‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﺎﳊﻪ ‪-‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‪ -‬ﺑﺸﻲﺀ)‪- (١‬ﻏﲑ)‪ (٢‬ﻣﺎ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻟﻪ‪ -‬ﻓﻴﺆﺧﺮﻩ؛‬
‫ﻷﻧﻪ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٤/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٥/٥‬ﻭ)‪ (٣٦٣/٩‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ )‪.(١٥٨/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺨﱪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺄﻗﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻨﺎﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٥/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٥١٩/٤‬ﻭ‪ ٥٢١‬ﻭ‪ ٥٣١‬ﻭ‪ (٦٠/٥‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢١٩/٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺣﺪ ﻗﻮﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻐﺼﺐ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻳﻨﻌﻘﺪ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺯﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٣١٢/٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٥٦/٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ »ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﰲ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻮﱄ« )ﺹ‪ (٢٩-٢٨‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ )ﻭﻣﻦ ﻏﺼﺐ( ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‪:‬‬
‫)ﻣﻨﻔﺴﺨ‪‬ﺎ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻧﺼﻪ ﲝﺮﻭﻓﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻏﺼﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥٣٠/٤‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ )‪" :(٤٦٣/٤‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ" ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٠٣ ١٩٣/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٦٩٤‬‬

‫‪ -٢٢٧٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٣)/(٢‬ﻏﺼﺐ ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻓﺄﻋﺘﻘﻪ ﰒ ﺃﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺃﻋﺘﻘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻻ)‪ (٤‬ﳝﻠﻜﻪ)‪،(٥‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺟﺎﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺇﻳﺎﻩ‪) ..‬ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﻻ‪ (٦‬ﳚﻮﺯ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﺘﻘﹰﺎ)‪.(٨)(٧‬‬
‫‪] -٢٢٧٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ (٩)/[:‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (١٠‬ﺻﺢ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻗﻲ)‪ ..(١)(١١‬ﻓﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻋﺘﻖ‬
‫]ﻣﻠﻚ ﻏﲑﻩ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺇﺫﻧﻪ[)‪ (١‬ﰒ ﺭﺿﻲ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺘﻖ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺍﻥ)‪.(٤)(٣)(٢‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(١٩٥/٤‬ﺇﻥ ﺻﺎﱀ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﺍﻓﻘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺽ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺲ‪ ...‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺿﺎﻥ ﺭﺑﻮﻳﲔ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺽ ﻋﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﺻﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﻗﺒﻀﻪ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﺻﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻴﲔ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻴﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٠٣/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٣٨‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﱂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳝﻠﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﱂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ ،(٢١٩/٨‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺇﺟﺎﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻟﻠﻌﺘﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪ (٣١٣/٩‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٥/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺋﻲ ﰲ »ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﰲ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻮﱄ« )ﺹ‪ ،(٢٩‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻧﺼﻪ ﲝﺮﻭﻓﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﲨﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ‬ﻗﻮﻻﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻗﻲ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴ ‪‬ﺢ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪."...‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٣٤‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻌﺪ ‪-‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﳉﻌﺪ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﺯﺩﻱ‪ .‬ﺳﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﺒﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻏﺮﻗﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻟﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺓ ﺑﺪﻳﻨﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﺗﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳑﻦ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ‪ ‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺍﺑﻄﹰﺎ ﺑﱪﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺱ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﺱ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﺑﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ )‪ ،(٥٢٥/٣‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(٤٠٣/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ )‪ (٣٦٤٢ :٢٠٧/٤‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺐ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،(٣٦٤٢) ،‬ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺷﺒﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺪﺛﻮﻥ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺮﻭﺓ ‪$‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﺩﻳﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎ ﹰﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﳊ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻏﺮﻗﺪﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٦٩٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﺗﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺎﻉ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﳘﺎ ﺑﺪﻳﻨﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀﻩ ﺑﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﹴﺭ ﻭﺷﺎ ‪‬ﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺪﻋﺎ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﱪﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻮ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺏ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺮﹺﺑ ‪‬ﺢ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.#‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﻞ ﲝﺎﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﳊ ‪‬ﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪" :‬ﻓﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺿﻌﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺒﻴﺐ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﺍﳋﱪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﲰﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺘﺎﺑ ‪‬ﻊ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (١٩٣٦٢ :١٠٦/٣٢‬ﻭﺃﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ )‪ (٣٣٨٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ )‪ (١٢٥٨‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ‬
‫)‪ (٢٤٠٢‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﺒﻴﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻗﻲ ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫ﲟﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ ...‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﻜﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﺍﻡ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻱ )‪.(٦٣٥/٦‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﻜﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﺍﻡ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ )‪ (١٢٥٧‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ )‪.(٣٣٨٥‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﺮﺩ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻱ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺇﻻ ﺣﺪﻳ ﹶ‬ ‫ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪" :‬ﺯﻋﻢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺎ ﺑﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻃﻪ؛ ﻹ‪‬ﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺓ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻋﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺓ ﳏﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ﱡﻄ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺷﺮﻃﻪ؛‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﲔ ﺷﺒﻴﺐ ﻭﻋﺮﻭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﳝﻨﻊ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﳊ ‪‬ﻲ ﳝﺘﻨﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻮﺍﻃﺆﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺬﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺭﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫ ‪‬ﺪ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﺼ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻼ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﰲ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻮﱄ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺤ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻ‪‬‬‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻲ )‪ (١١٢/٦‬ﻭﺇﺭﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﻠﻴﻞ )‪.(١٢٩/٥‬‬
‫ﻼ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﲔ ﻓﻴﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﻛﻴ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪" :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺟﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺍﻗﻌ ﹸﺔ ﻋ ﹴ‬
‫ﱄ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻮ ﱢ‬‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻ ﹸﻝ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻱ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻗﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﲝ ﹲ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻱ )‪.(٦٣٤/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﳑﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٣١٢/٩‬ﻋﻦ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻧﺼﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺋﻲ ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺋﻲ ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺍﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺰﻭﻫﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ ،(١٤٨/٨‬ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪ ،(٣١٢/٩‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺻﺢ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻗﻲ‪ ...‬ﻓﺼﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻘﺪﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ" ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٥٦/٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻆ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ )‪.(٦٣٤/٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ« ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﲟﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻓ ﹸ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺿﺮﺑﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٦٩٦‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א ‪ E١FW4‬‬

‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌ ﹶﺔ)‪ (٣‬ﰒ ﻓﻠﺲ ﺃﻭ‬
‫‪ -٢٢٧٩‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٢‬ﺑﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ ﹲﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﹺﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻧﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﰲ ﺑﺪ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺰﺍﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺿﻌﻒ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺬﻫﺎﺏ)‪ (٤‬ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺋﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭﹺ؛ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎ َﺀ ﺃﺧﺬﹶﻫﺎ ﲜﻤﻴ ﹺﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﲦﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻗﻞ ﳑﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺼﺎﻥ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺹ ﲟﺎ ﻧﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﲜﻨﺎﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﹶﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﺣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٨٠‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺫﺍﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﹶﺻ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻤ ﹺﻦ)‪.(٦‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﰲ ]‪/١٦‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺳﻠﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺫﻫﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺴﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤١٦-٤١٥/٤‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٦‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪(٣٠٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ ٢٠/٤‬ﻭ‪ (٢٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٤٧/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺄﻣ ﹴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﳐﺎﻟﻒ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﺣﻜﻲ ﻗﻮﻝ‪ ...‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺫ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﲜﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺃﺟﻨﱯ‪ ..‬ﻓﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻔﺼ‪‬ﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ )‪" :(٤١٦/٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﻧﻘﺺ ﰲ ﺑﺪ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﻋﻮﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺯﺍﺩﺕ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﺃﺣﻖ ﺑﺴﻠﻌﺘﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺌﺖ؛ ﻷﻧﺎ ﺇﳕﺎ ﳒﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪-‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ‪ -‬ﻧﻘﻀﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﻘﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﲝﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﺍﻵﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻌﺔ ﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻓﻌﺖ ﻓﻮﺯﻱ‪" :‬ﻷﻧﺎ ﺇﳕﺎ ﳒﻌﻞ ﻟﻚ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ "...‬ﺑﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ »ﻟﻚ«‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻌﺔ ﺑﻮﻻﻕ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﰲ ﻃﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﺣﺬﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺺ ﰲ ﺑﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻌﻮﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ ﺃﻭ‬‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﱂ ﻳﻔﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٦‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﻐﲑﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌ ﹸﺔ ﺑﻨﻘ ﹴ‬
‫ﺯﺍﺩﺕ‪ ..‬ﻓﺴﻮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧﺬﹶﻫﺎ ﲜﻤﻴ ﹺﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎ َﺀ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺺ ﺑﺂﻓﺔ ﲰﺎﻭﻳﺔ‪" ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻧﺎﻗﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻟﻪ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺿﺎﺭﺏ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪."...‬‬
‫ﻭ"ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﲜﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺃﺟﻨﱯ‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﻪ –ﺃﻱ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ‪ -‬ﺍﻷﺭﺵ‪ ...،‬ﻭﻟﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﻣﻌﻴﺒﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﳌﻀﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﲟﺜﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﺺ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ"‪.‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٦٩٧‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﺯﺍﺋﺪﺓ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬

‫‪ -٢٢٨١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎ َﺀ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﺳﻠ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﻟﻠﻐﺮﻣﺎ ِﺀ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫‪ -٢٢٨٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻠﻚ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ)‪ ..(٤‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﲝﺼﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﺎﻋﻪ)‪،(٥‬‬
‫ﻭﺿﺮﺏ ﲟﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٨٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺒﺾ ﻣﻦ ﲦﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ‬
‫ﲝﺼﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٨٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺑﺎﻉ ﻋﺒﺪﹰﺍ ﻭﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﹲﻝ؛ ﺩﻧﺎﻧﲑ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺷﺮﺍﺅﻩ ﺑﺪﻧﺎﻧﲑ ﻭﻻ ﺑﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﲎ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻩ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﺑﻼ ﻣﺎ ﹴﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﺠﺎﺋﺰ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٨٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋ ‪‬ﺮﺿﹰﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻴﺎﺏ)‪ (١٠‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺜﲎ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻣﺎﻟﹸﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﲜﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪ ..‬ﻓـ"ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻵﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻊ ﲨﺎﻋﺎﺕ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪.(١٥٧-١٥٦/٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (٣١٦-٣١٥/٦‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٢٦/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٦٠/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٤٤-٣٤٣/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤١٦/٤‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٢٧/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٥٩/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٢٥٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻌﻀﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺾ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤١٨/٤‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (٣٤٢/٦‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٢٦/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٥٧/٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٦١-١٦٠/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٤٤/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٧‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٢٩٤/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٥٨-١٥٧/٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٦١/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٤٤/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﻣﺪ ﻋﺠﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪» :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺜﲎ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ« ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻁ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٢٦٨/٥‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(١٠٠/٢‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻜ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٤٣/١٠‬ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ )‪.(٢٤٨/١٠‬‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﲝﺮﻭﻓﻬﺎ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٦٩٨‬‬

‫ﻉ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ..‬ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ‬ ‫‪ -٢٢٨٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰒ ﺃﻓﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻝﹸ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻨﻈﺮ ﻛﻢ ﻗﻴﻤ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﻝﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺄﺧ ﹸﺬ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺘﻪ)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﲝﺼﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺓ‪ (٤)/‬ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﺒﻴﻊ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ‪ (٥)/‬ﲟﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺪﺭﳘﲔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻒ ﺃﺻ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦﹺ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﻼ ﻣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﹸﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣﺎﻟﹸﻪ ﻳﻮﻣﺌ ‪‬ﺬ ﻋﺸﺮ ﹶﺓ ﺩﺭﺍﻫ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﺄﺧ ﹸﺬ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﺪﺭﻫﻢﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺃﹶﺻ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺑﺪﺭﻫ ﹴﻢ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻀﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٨٧‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻂ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮ ﻳﺒﺎﻉ)‪ (٨‬ﻓﻴﺄﻛﻞ)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮ ﹶﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺼﻴﺒ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺟﺎﺋﺤ ﹲﺔ ﰒ ﻳﻔﻠﺲ‪ ..‬ﻳﺄﺧ ﹸﺬ‬
‫ﺏ ﲝﺼ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎ ِﺀ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﻂ ﲝﺼﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺼ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﺻ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻀﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺋ ﹶ‬
‫‪ -٢٢٨٨‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻮ ﺑﺎﻉ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ)‪ (١١‬ﺣﺎﺋﻄﹰﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﲦ ‪‬ﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﺃﻭ ﹸﺃ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﻛﻠﻪ ﰒ ﺃﻓﻠﺲ)‪ (١٢‬ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻞ‪ ..‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ)‪ (١٣‬ﺇﱃ )ﲦﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮ‪ (١٤‬ﰲ ﺭﺅﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻛﻢ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﻣﻔﺮﺩﹰﺍ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻋﺮﻭﺿﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺮﻁ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﲡﻮﺯ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﻟﺔ ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (١٢٣‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٢٦٨/٥‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(١٠٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻘﻴﻤﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/١١٤‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٣٩‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٤١٨-٤١٧/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻓﻴﺒﺎﻉ"‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﻳﺒﺎﻉ"‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﳌﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤١٧/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٦٥/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻨﻈﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲦﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٦٩٩‬‬

‫ﻓﻴﻌﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﰒ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺃﹶﺻ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺨ ﹺﻞ ﺑﻼ ﲦ ﹴﺮ ﻛﻢ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻨﺨ ﹶﻞ ﲝﺼﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻀﺮﺏ ﲝﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪] -٢٢٨٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ[ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻳﺒﺎﻉ ﻭﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺎﻉ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻴﺐﹺ‪،‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺃﹶﻛﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻦ ﲦﻨﹺﻪ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺳﺎﳌﹰﺎ ﻻ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻴﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪ ..‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﻜﻢ)‪ (٣‬ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺐ؟ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻧﻘﺼﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺐ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺜﲑﹰﺍ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﺟﻊ)‪ (٤‬ﹺﺑﺨ‪‬ﻤﺲ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﻴ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -٢٢٩٠‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﲟﻜﺔ ﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﺪﻕ ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳜﺘﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻛﺮﺍﺅﻫﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﻒ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻭﺍﻷﺟﲑ ﻳﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮﳘﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻬﺪﻡ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺣﻮﻧﺔ)‪ (٧‬ﰲ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﻛﻢ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺳﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :(٨)/‬ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ‪ ..‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﻜﻢ)‪ (٩‬ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻟﻮ ﺑﻘﻴﺖ؟ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﺛﻼﺛﲔ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ‬
‫ﻂ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﳑﺎ ﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﻜﻦ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ..‬ﺳﻘ ﹶ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤١٧/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٦٥/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻄﺄ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺟﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٧٤/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻬﺪﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺣﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٤٠‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻗﺴﻂ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﻌﺔ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﺟﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ‪ -‬ﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ؛‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﲟﺎ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﺃﺟﺮﺓ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺟﺮﺓ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻟﻜﺜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﺪ ﹸﺓ ﺳﻨ ﹰﺔ‬
‫ﻒ ﺃﹸﺟﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‪ ..‬ﻭﺟﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻰ ﺛﻠﺜﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻀﻰ ﻧﺼﻔﹸﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﹸﺟﺮ ﹸﺓ ﻣﺜ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺿﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻜﺲ‪ ..‬ﻓﺜﻠﺜﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﺑﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﻳﺴﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ .(٤٣٠/٢‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٤٠/٤‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺼﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﺧ‪‬ﻤﺴﻲ ﺍﻷﺟﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٧٠٠‬‬

‫‪] -٢٢٩١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (١‬ﺑﺎﻉ ﻋﺒﺪﹰﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺎﺋﻄﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ‪/‬‬
‫)‪/١١٤‬ﺏ( ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﺘﻠﱡﻬﺎ ]ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ[‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳋﺮﺍﺝ‪ (٢)/‬ﻟﻪ)‪ (٣‬ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺝ)‪ (٤‬ﺷﻲﺀ ﺣﺪﺙ ﰲ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٩٢‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ)‪ (٦‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮﻗﹾﻨﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻂ ﻳﺒﺎﻉ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮ‪ ..‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻘﺔ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺣﺪﺙ ﰲ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺻﻔﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﺏ)‪ (٩‬ﻟﺒﻨ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺃﹶﺷﻬﺮﹰﺍ‬
‫ﺼﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﹸﺓ)‪ (٨‬ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻓﻴﺤﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﺮﺿﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﻳﺸﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٢٩٣‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻭﺟﺪ ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻴﺒﹰﺎ ﻭﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺮ ‪‬ﺩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ )ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺩ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ (١٠‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﻟﹶﻠ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺼ ﹺﺮﻳ‪‬ﺔ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺻﻔﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ)‪.(١١‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺣﺪﺙ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٩٤‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻉ ]ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ[ ﺃﺭﺿﹰﺎ ﻓﺰﺭﻋﻬﺎ ﻃﻌﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﻭﻓﻠﺲ‪ ..‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺌﺖ ﻓﻠﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺼﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺌﺖ ﻓﺎﺿﺮﺏ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٩٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻏﺮﺱ ﳔ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ‪ ..‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺌﺖ ﻓﺨﺬ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﳑﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻞ ‪ -‬ﻣﻤ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻏﺮﺱ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺼﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ[)‪ (٢‬ﻟ‪‬ﻠ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ﹺﻞ‪ -‬ﹺﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺲ)‪] (١‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﺖ‪] ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺌﺖ ﻓﺪﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺿﺮﺏ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﺖ[)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/١٦‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٢٠/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٥٩/٤٤‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤١٨/٤‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﳕﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ )‪ ٢٧٥/١٠‬ﻭ‪ (٢٧٩‬ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ )ﺹ‪.(٥٥٨-٥٥٦‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹺﺮ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ ﻫﻲ‪" :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﺃﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻭﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﺣﻠﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻳﻮﻣﹰﺎ ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﺼ ﹺﺮﻳ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺮ‪‬ﺍﺓ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﹸﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﳚﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﱭ ﰲ ﺿﺮﻋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻈﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻏﺰﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﺒﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﺪ ﰲ ﲦﻨﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪‬؛ ﳌﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻟﻴﺲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺘﺮﻱ"‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٦٨/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺷﺮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٥٥٨‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ )‪ (٢٧٥/١٠‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٢‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٢٤٢/٥‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ‬
‫)‪ (١٢٤/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٧٢/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٦٥/٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٦٣/٢‬‬
 ‫‪٧٠١‬‬

‫ﻉ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺼﺪ ﻭﻗﻄ ﹺﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﻭﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪:‬‬

‫ﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺑﻴ ﹺﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻷﺭ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٢٢٩٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﳔﺎﻑ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺼﻴﺒﻬﺎ)‪ (٤‬ﺟﺎﺋﺤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺁﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﳕﻬﻠﻪ)‪ (٥‬ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﺭﻙ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٢٩٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺑﺘﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻷﻣ ﹶﺔ ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺕ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﹰﺍ ﰒ ﺃﻓﻠﺲ)‪ (٧‬ﻭﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﻋﻴﺒﹰﺎ ﻓﺄﺭﺍﺩ)‪ (٨‬ﺭﺩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻟﻪ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻠﺔ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻋﻴﺐ‬ ‫‪ -٢٢٩٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻧﻘﺼﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩ)‪ (١‬ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺐ‪.(٣) (٢)/‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺍﺱ ﻟﻠﻤﻔﻠﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻟﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺻﺒﻎ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﰒ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻠﺲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺷﺮﻳﻜﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺘﺮﻱ )ﺍﳌﻔﻠﺲ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻧﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻠﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻐﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺬﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻣﺘﻨﻌﻮﺍ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﱪﻭﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﳜﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﺑﲔ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺍﺱ ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺍﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻐﺮﻡ ﺃﺭﺵ ﻧﻘﺼﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﺎﺭﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﻛﺴﺎﺋﺮ ﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤١٨/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٦٧/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٦٣/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(٣٤٨/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺼﻴﺒﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳝﻬﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﱂ ﺃﺟﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻠﺲ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤١٨/٤‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١٤٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤١٨/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٤٩٣/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٢٢٣-٢٢٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٧٠٢‬‬

‫‪ -٢٢٩٩‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻠﻴﺲ‪ ..‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ)‪ (٤‬ﺑﻼ ﻭﻟﺪ ﲜﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺗﺮﻙ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٠٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﻟﺪ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻓﻠﺲ ﺻﻐﺎﺭﹰﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﺎﻋﻮﻥ ﲨﻴﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ‬
‫ﺣﺼﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﲜﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻔﻠﺲ ﺣﺼﺔ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ )ﻳﻘﻀﻰ ‪‬ﺎ‪ (٧‬ﻏﺮﻣﺎﺅﻩ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﺽ‬
‫ﺽ ﰒ ﻓﻠﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲎ ﰲ ﺃﺭ ﹴ‬ ‫ﺱ ﰲ ﺃﺭ ﹴ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲎ ﰲ ﺩﺍ ﹴﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻏﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٠١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﱂ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﺮﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺷﻔﻌﺔ؟ ﻭﻗﻠﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻴﻊ‪ /(٩):‬ﻻ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻌﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻏﺮﺱ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﰒ ﻓﻠﺲ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﺍﺱ)‪ ،(١٢) (١١‬ﻭﹸﻗ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺍﺱ ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺘﻪ؟‪ ..‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﲎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻌﺔ‪ ..‬ﺇﳕﺎ )ﺑﲎ‬
‫ﺽ )ﱄ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﻴﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻠﺲ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻷﺣ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ (١‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺧﻴﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﰲ ﺳﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀِ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀ‪ (١٣‬ﰲ ﺃﺭ ﹴ‬
‫ﺱ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺐ ﱄ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻹﻓﻼ ﹺ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺼﺤﻔﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺇﱃ‪ :‬ﻳﻄﻖ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٤١‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٢‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٢٤٥/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٨٢/٤‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٧‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٣٠٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٥٩/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٦١/٢‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬

‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪) :‬ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﲜﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ(‪.‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٧‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٥٩/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٦١/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﺱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٤٦-٢٤٥/٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٠‬ﻭﻏﻠﻄﻪ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻌ ‪‬ﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٣‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺎﺧﺬ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٠٤/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢١١/٥‬‬
 ‫‪٧٠٣‬‬

‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺑﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺪﺭﳘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺒﺾ ﺩﺭﳘﹰﺎ ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٣٠٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻠﻚ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺑﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﻓﻠﺲ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻋﲔ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٠٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﺎﻉ ﺭﺟﻞ)‪ (٢‬ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ)‪ (٣‬ﻟﻪ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ‪-‬ﻣﻔﺎﻭﺽ)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻔﺎﻭﺽ)‪ (٥‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‪ -‬ﰒ ﻓﻠﺲ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ)‪ (٦‬ﺣﻘﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻭﺿﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻳﻜﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻠﺰﻣﻪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪] -٢٣٠٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﻖ ﻓﹶﺄﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﻭ)‪ (٨‬ﺃﻧﻜ ‪‬ﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻣﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﻨﺔ‪..‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﻓﺎﺩ ﻣﺎﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳛﺒﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻂ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﻡ‪ ..‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺴﻮﺍﺀ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﻣﻌﺪﻡ«‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﻌﺮﻑ ﹶﻗ ﱡ‬
‫½ ¾   ¿  ]ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻮﺳﺮ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪[¼»      º ¹]  :(٩) ‬‬
‫‪ ،[٢٨٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‪ (١)/‬ﻳﻌﺮﻑ )ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ‪ (٢‬ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﺣﺒﺲ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﻴﻢ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﻡ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٠٥‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺆﺍ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﺩﻳﻦ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٢٠/٤‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٧‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٢٩٥-٢٩٤/٦‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٢٦/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ (١٥٧/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٦١/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪. (٣٤٤/٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺭﺟﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻳﻀﺎﺭﺏ ﺑﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻑ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺽ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٢١/٤‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪" :‬ﻭﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻭﺿﺔ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺟﻞ ﺛﻨﺎﺅﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٩‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٤٢‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٤٢-٤٤١/٤‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٩‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (١٥/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٤٦/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪(٢٥٢‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٥٤/٢‬‬
‫‪ ٧٠٤‬‬

‫‪ -٢٣٠٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺣﺮﻓ ﹲﺔ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬

‫ﻀ ﹶﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﻘ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺪﹺﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ‪ ..‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﻭﺑﻴﻊ ﰲ ﺩ‪‬ﻳﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﻔ ‪‬ﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﹶﻫﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﹶﻭﱃ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻋﻴﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﻴﻮ ﹴﻡ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﳌﺎ ﹺﻝ ﻗﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻟﺼﺎﺣ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٢٣٠٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎ ُﺀ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﺍﳌﺎ ﹺﻝ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﳌﺎ ﹺﻝ‪ ..‬ﺣﹺﺒ ‪‬‬
‫‪] -٢٣٠٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ (٥)/[:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺟﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳ ﹰﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺭﺵ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﺭﺷﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻠﻴﺲ‪..‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺋﻪ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٠٩‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺟﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﹰﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﺑﻼ ﻣﺎﻝ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﺧﻄﹰﺄ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻋﻔﻮ ﻟﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳ ﹰﺔ ﻋﻤﺪﹰﺍ ﻻ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪/١١٥)/‬ﺏ( ﺃﻭ‬ ‫‪ -٢٣١٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ ﺃﺣﻖ ﺑﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣١١‬ﻭﻟﻮ ‪‬ﺟﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺧﻄﹰﺄ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻠﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻠﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﻲ ﻟﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺧﺬ‬
‫ﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﹸﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻞﹶ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٣١٢‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻮ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻟﻪ ﻫﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﲑﺍﺙ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﺠﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٢١/٤‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٩‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (١٥/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٤٦/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٥٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٤٢٢/٤‬ﺗ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻏﻨﺎﺀ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻳﻮﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺏ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٢٢/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٥٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/١٦‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٢٢/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٤٦/٤‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻟﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻠﻴﺲ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٢٢/٤‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٩‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٣٢٤/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٤٦/٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(١٥٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٢٣/٤‬ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻔﻠﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٣٢٤/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪.(١٤٦/٤‬‬
 ‫‪٧٠٥‬‬

‫‪ -٢٣١٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻓﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﻟﻪ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺑﺸﺎﻫ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻓﺤﻠﻒ‪ ..‬ﺃﺧﺬ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﳛﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﻔﻠﺲ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ ﻟﻠﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎ ُﺀ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻒ‪ ..‬ﺣﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺃﹶﻥ ﳛﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣١٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ]ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ[‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﹶﺃﺑ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﳌﻔﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺟﻨﺎﻳ ﹰﺔ ﺧﻄﹰﺄ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻠﻴﺲ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻤﺪﹰﺍ)‪ (٤‬ﳑﺎ ﻻ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻴﻪ‪..‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣١٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺟﲎ ﺍﳌﻔﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ ﺃﺳﻮﺓ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣١٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﲎ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳌﻔﻠﺲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻠﻴﺲ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎ‪‬ﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻭﱃ ﺑﺄﺭﺵ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣١٧‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻉ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻜﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻮﺯﻥ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺆﻛﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺸﺮﺏ ﳑﺎ)‪ (٧‬ﳜﺘﻠﻂ ﺑﻌﻀﻪ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻨﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﻴﺐ)‪ (٩‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻬﻤﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻓﺨﻠﻄﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﰒ ﺃﻓﻠﺲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻪ ﻣﺪ ﺣﻨﻄﺔ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺩﺭﳘﲔ ﻓﻴﺨﻠﻄﻪ ﲟﺪ ﻟﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‪ ..(٢)/‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﳐﲑ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺛﻠﺜﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ)‪ (٣‬ﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺫﻟﻚ ﲜﻤﻴﻊ ﺣﻘﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﲤﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺪ؛ ﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٢٢/٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(١٤٦/٤‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻔﻠﺲ ﻻ ﻳﺆﻣﺮ ﺑﺘﺤﺼﻴﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﲝﺎﺻﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻔﻮﻳﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٢٣-٤٢٢/٤‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (١٢/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٣٥/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ ،(٧٢٥/٢‬ﺍﻟﺬﺧﲑﺓ )‪ ،(١٧٢/٨‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﻬﺎﺕ )ﺹ‪ ،(٣٨٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺷﺮﺣﻴﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﻫﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻠﻴﻞ )‪ (٦٠٢-٦٠١/٦‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺩﻳﺮ )‪.(٢٦٧-٢٦٦/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٢٣/٤‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٣٢٨/١‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٣٣/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍ ُﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٢٣/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ٩‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٤٣‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪» :‬ﻟﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫‪ ٧٠٦‬‬

‫ﺧﻠﻂ ﺑﻄﻌﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﹺﺑﹶﺜ ‪‬ﻤ ﹺﻦ ﹸﺛﹸﻠﺚ‪ ‬ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﻟﻪ؛ ﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻌﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺀ ﺗﺮﻛﻪ ﻭﺿﺮﺏ)‪ (١‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﻦ ﻭﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﺪ ﺍﳌﻔﻠﺲ ﺩﺭﳘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺧﻠﻄﻬﻤﺎ)‪..(٥‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣١٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ)‪ (٦‬ﳐﲑ؛ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻜﻴﻠﺘﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻟﻪ ﻏﲑﻩ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺗﺮﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺿﺮﺏ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣١٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻓﻠﺲ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻃﺤﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻤ ‪‬ﺢ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻗﻴﻤ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺤ ﹺﻦ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ)‪.(١) (٩‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٢٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ ﺷﺮﻛﺎﺅﻩ ﰲ ﻗﻴﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺤﻦ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻀﺮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺧﻠﻄﻪ ﲟﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺧﲑ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﳐﺎﻟﻒ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺴﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺟﺤﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٢٤-٤٢٣/٤‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ ...‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺻﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ ‪-‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ -‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﺃﻗﻮﻝ" ﰒ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٦٩/٤‬ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﺎﻋﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﻮﺯﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﺿﻌﻔﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺑﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺧﻠﻄﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺧﻠﻄﻪ ﺑﺄﺭﺩﺃ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺧﻠﻄﻪ ﲟﺜﻠﻪ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٢٣/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٦٩/٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﺃﺻﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﺻﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻗﻮ ﹲﻝ ﻻ ﻭﺟﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺍﳌﻔﻠﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ ﻫﺎﻣﺶ )ﺃ( ﻛﻼﻡ ﱂ ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻊ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺸﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺸﺄ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻛﺴﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٢٤/٤‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٨‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪(٣٠٣/٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٣٣/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٧٠/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٦٣/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(٣٤٩/٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﻤﻔﻠﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٧٠٧‬‬

‫‪ -٢٣٢١‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺤﺎﻥ ﺃﺳﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫‪] -٢٣٢٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ[‪ :‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﻝ‪ /‬ﺁﺧﺮ؛ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺤﺎﻥ ﳛﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺣﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳏﺘﺒﺴﹰﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﻮﰲ)‪ (٣‬ﺣﻘﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺼﺮ‪‬ﻩ)‪..(٦‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٣٢٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺛﻮﺑﹰﺎ )ﰒ ﻓﻠﺲ‪ (٥‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺻﺒ ﹶﻎ ﺍﻟﺜﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺧﺎ ﹶﻃ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻭ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ ﺷﺮﻛﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻎ ﻭﺍﳋﻴﺎﻃﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺭﺓ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻁ ﺃﺳﻮ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎ ِﺀ)‪(٢‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﻢ)‪ (٣‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ)‪ (٤‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٢٤‬ﻭﺍﳋﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﹸ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٢٤/٤‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٨‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺒﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻔﻠﺲ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺷﺮﻳﻜﹰﺎ ﻟﻪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻣﺂﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺣﻖ ﺑﺈﺟﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪-٤٢٤/٤‬‬
‫‪ (٤٢٥‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١٤٨‬‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓﹶ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﺤﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺼﲑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﻃﺔ ﻫﻲ ﰲ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻴ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪-‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ :-‬ﻫﻲ ﹶﺃﹶﺛ ‪‬ﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٨‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٣٠٣/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٧٠/٤‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻣﺎ‪‬ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﱃ ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ -‬ﻓﻠﻸﺟ ﹺﲑ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ﺇﱃ ﻋ ﹺ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺃﺟﺮﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻒ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﺿﺎﺭﺏ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ ﲟﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻟﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‬
‫)‪ (٣٠٥-٣٠٤/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٧٤/٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٨‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﺘﻮﰱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٤٢٥/٤‬ﻻ ﺃﺟﻌﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺣﺒﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﻣﺮ ﺑﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﹸﻋﻄﻲ ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺣﻘﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻓﻠﺲ" ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٧١/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻔﻠﺲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﻟﱢﺜﻴ‪‬ﺎﺏ ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴﻀ‪‬ﻬﺎ؛ َﻷﻧ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪﻗﱡﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺼﺮ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻼ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻮﺭ‪‬ﻩ ﻭ ‪‬ﺩﻗﱠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﹶﻘﺼ‪‬ﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ ﹸﳌ ﹶﻘﺼ‪‬ﺮ‪ :‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻗﺼ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺓﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﻮ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﳋﺸ‪‬ﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺧﺸ‪‬ﺐ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻨ‪‬ﺎﺏ‪َ ،‬ﻷﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻻ ﻧ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮﹶﻓﺘ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻘﺼ‪‬ﺎﺭ‪‬ﺓ‪،‬‬‫ﺼﺮ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻘ ﹾﻄ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟ ﹶﻜﺴ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻴ‪‬ﺎﺱ‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﺑﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٤٣١/١٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٢٤/٤‬ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١٤٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺳﻄﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪) :‬ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﺤ‪‬ﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺼ‪‬ﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﳋﻴ‪‬ﺎﻁ ﻭﳓﻮﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﲔ ﻻ ﺃﺛﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٧٠٨‬‬

‫ﺏ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ)‪ (٢‬ﻗﻴﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﲬﺴ ﹶﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭﹸﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺒ ﹸﻎ ﺩﺭﳘﹰﺎ)‪ ..(٣‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‬
‫‪ -٢٣٢٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (١‬ﺻﺒ ﹶﻎ ﺍﻟﺜﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﻤﺴﻪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻎ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ)‪ (٤‬ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﹺﺑ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٢٦‬ﻭﳚﻮﺯ ﺷﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻔﻠﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺘﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻠﺴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٢٧‬ﻭﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻭﻗﻒ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٢٨‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ ﺃﺑﺪﹰﺍ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻗﻔﻪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺑﻌﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﻗﻒ)‪ ..(١‬ﻓﻜ ﱡﻞ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻀﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫‪ -٢٣٢٩‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺑ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪(٥) (٤‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻣﺎ ﱂ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻭﺻﻨﻊ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺇﻻ )ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﳍﺒﺔ ‪/‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹶﻞ ]ﻓﻀﻠ ﹰﺔ[‪..‬ﺟﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻭﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﺒﺾ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٢٥-٤٢٤/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٧٢/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٦٤/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(٣٥٠/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٣٧/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٢٧/٤‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﺍﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺍﳌﺎﻧﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﻳﻔﺘﻘﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺠﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﹰﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٣٧/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٣٠/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٣٠/٤‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻻﺷﻬﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺧﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٣٥٨/٦‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﰲ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻁ ﺍﻹﺷﻬﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺠﺮ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﳊﺠﺮ ﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻹﺷﻬﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺮﺍﻩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﻧﺼﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﺠﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻠﺲ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﹰﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺠﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺟﺎﺯ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺻﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺻﺒﻎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳍﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٤٤‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
 ‫‪٧٠٩‬‬

‫‪ -٢٣٣٠‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ ﺃﺟﺎﺯﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻖ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻭﻗﻔﻪ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫‪ -٢٣٣١‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻌﺪﻣﺎ ﺣﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎ ﹸﻥ ﺑﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹴﻦ ‪‬ﻟﺮ‪‬ﺟ ﹴﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﳊﺠ ﹺﺮ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭ‪‬ﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺙ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹴﻦ ﻟﻐ ﹺﲑ ﻭﺍﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﲟﱰﻟ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾﹺ؛ ﺇﺫﺍ ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﻣﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٣٢‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﻔﻠﺲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٣٣‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻓﻠﺲ)‪ ..(٥‬ﻓﻘﺪ‪ (٦)/‬ﺣ ﱠﻞ ﺩ‪‬ﻳﻨ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(٧‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺗﺼﺮﻓﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٤٣٧/٤‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ" ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﺢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٣٠/٤‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٣٨-٤٣٧/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٣٣/٤‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (١٠/٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٥٠/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(٣١٩/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ‪ ، 0‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪ (٧٧/٤‬ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻊ )‪(٢٥٤/٢‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﻬﺎﺕ )ﺹ‪ (٣٨٦‬ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ )‪.(٣١/٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٣٨/٤‬ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲟﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺮﺍﺿﺎﺕ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﺪﺧﻮ ﹲﻝ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺧْﻞ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/١٧‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﲝﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻠﺲ ﻓﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ ‪-‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‪ -‬ﻭﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ ‪-‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ‪-‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﺟ‪‬ﻞ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺟ ﹶﻞ ﺣ ‪‬ﻖ ﻣﻘﺼﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻟﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻔﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺕ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٤١/٤‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﺢ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻓﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺫﻫﺐ ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﲔ ﳑﻦ ﺣﻔﻈﺖ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺣﺎﱠﻟ ﹲﺔ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻳﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻒ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻴﻞ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﻜﻤﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻴﺖ ﺍﻧﺒﻐﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻣﻊ ﻏﺮﻣﺎﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﳜﺮﺟﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺼﻨﻌﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻳﻘﺮ ﰒ ﳝﻮﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﳛﺘﻤﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺎﻉ ﳌﻦ ﺣﻞ ‪‬ﺩﻳﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺆﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮﺓ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﳝﻠﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺖ ﻻ‬
‫ﳝﻠﻚ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪" :(٣٠٦‬ﻭﺃﺻﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺟﻞ ﻻ ﳛﻞ ﺑﺎﳌﻔﻠﺲ‪ ،‬ﲞﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٢٨/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥٠‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٤٧/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣١٢/٤‬‬
‫‪ ٧١٠‬‬

‫‪ -٢٣٣٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺣﻖ)‪ (١‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻻ ﺃﺑﻴﻊ«‪ ..‬ﺑﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎ ﹸﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ‪-‬ﺃﻋﺘﻖ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮﻛﹰﺎ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﻋﺒﺪ)‪-(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٣٥‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺑﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﹸﻏ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ﹰﺔ)‪ (٤‬ﻟﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٣٦‬ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻌﺎﺫ ﺣﲔ ﺧﻠﻌﻪ ]ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ [ ‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺋﻪ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ( ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻟﻠﺤﺎﻛﻢ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻜ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ؛ ﺑﺘﻌﺰﻳﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﳊﺒﺲ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٣٧/٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﹶﺓ ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻫﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪.(٢٥١/٨‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻋﺒﺪﻩ"‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫ﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪ " :‬ﹸﻏ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻴﻤ‪‬ﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﺼﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺿﹺﺒ ﹶﻄ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﺇﻻ ﻟﻠﻴﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(١٨٧/٣٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ (١٧٨١ :٤٨٦/٦‬ﻭﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ )‪.(١٥١٣ :٤٧٣/٧‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘ ‪‬ﻲ )‪ (٢٧٦/١٠‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰉ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰉ ﳎﻠﺰ ﲟﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪﻩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪".‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ )‪ (٤٩-٤٨/٦‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺮﺳﻞ" ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪" :(٢٥١/٨‬ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺃﰊ ﳎﻠﺰ‬
‫ﻼ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻣﺮﺳ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ (١٦٧١٦ :١٥١/٩‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ )‪" :(١٠٣٦٤ :٢١٥/١٠‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻨﻪ ﺇﻳﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻏﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻋﺘﻘﻪ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺗﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺷﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻓﺄﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﹸﻏ‪‬ﻨﻴﻤ ﹲﺔ ﻗﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳍﻴﺜﻤﻲ ﰲ ﳎﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﺋﺪ )‪" :(٤٥٣/٤‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ (٢٥١/٨‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ )‪ (٥٩٣٩ :١٠٥/٦‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ )‪ (٢٣٠/٤‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ (٥٨/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‬
‫)‪ (٤٨/٦‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ (٢٥٢/٨‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺑﻠﻔﻆ »ﺣﺠﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﺫ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﻞ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻋﻪ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹴﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ«‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﺎﻟﻒ ﻫﺸﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ ﻭﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻼﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺳﻴﻞ ﻷﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ )ﺭﻗﻢ ‪(١٧٢‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ )‪.(٤٢٨/٥٨‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪.(٥٠/٦‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ ﻣﺮﺳ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪:‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٧١١‬‬

‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻫﻮ ﱄ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ‬

‫‪ -٢٣٣٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻘﻮ ﹴﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﺣ ‪‬ﻖ ﰒ ﺣﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﺳﺘﻮﰲ ﺣﻘﻲ«‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﺮ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﻨﺔ‪ ..‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‬
‫ﰲ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﳜﺮﺟﻪ‬ ‫‪ -٢٣٣٨‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﺣﺪ‪‬ﻫﻢ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺮﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﰉ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪/١١٦)/‬ﺏ(‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﱄ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﻳﺮﺿﻮﺍ ﲨﻴﻌﹰﺎ ﺑﺈﺧﺮﺍﺟﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪] -٢٣٣٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ[ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻓﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ )ﰒ ﺃﻃﻠﻖ‪ ..(١‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻴﻊ ﻭﻳﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭﻩ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٤٠‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺳﻠﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ‪» :‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ«‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ)‪» :(٢‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﻀﺎﺭﺑﺔ)‪..«(٣‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳊﺒﲑ )‪" :(٩٩/٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻖ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻞ ﺃﺻﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﺼﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟ ﱠﻄ ﱠ‬
‫ﻼ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺻﻮ ﹰﻻ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪" :(٢٥٢/٨‬ﻣﺮﺳ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼﺤ‪‬ﻴﺢ ﺃﹶﻧﻪ ﻣ‪‬ﺮﺳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺭﻭﺍ ‪‬ﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ"‪.‬‬‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺮﺭ )ﺹ‪" :(٣٢٢‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺇﺭﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﻠﻴﻞ )‪.(٢٦٠/٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻐﲏ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ )‪ (١١٩١/٣‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﲦﺎ ﹴﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺎ ‪‬ﻋﻬﺎ ﻓﻜﺜﺮ ‪‬ﺩﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﰲ ﻋﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫)‪ (١٥٥٦/١٨‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ :‬ﹸﺃﺻﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺗﺼﺪﻗﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻭﻓﺎ َﺀ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺧﺬﻭﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺟﺪﰎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻜﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺫﻟﻚ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻓﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ )‪ (٩٩/٣‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ" ﻭﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ (٢٥١/٨‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٢٨/٤‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﻮﱄ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﻷﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻷﺣﺪﻫﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺘﺪﺉ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﺍﻣﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺃﻭﱃ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺄﻃﻠﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻀﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٣٩/٤‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫‪ ٧١٢‬‬

‫‪ -٢٣٤١‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ )ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :(١‬ﺃﻥ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻠﻴﺲ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﹰﺍ)‪ (٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ ﺟﺎﺯ ﺑﻌﺪﻣﺎ ﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﻋﻨﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٤٢‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻠﻴﺲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﺘﺎﻋﻪ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫‪.(٤) ‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٤٣‬ﻭﺣﺠﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﳍﻢ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﺎﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ)‪ (٥‬ﺳﻠﻌ ﹰﺔ ﺑﻨﻘﺪ)‪ (٦‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﻜﻤﺎ)‪ (٧‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺪﻓﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﻖ‬
‫ﱯ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻠﻌﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﻔﹶﻨﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺮﺃﹺﻳ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ‪ (٨)/‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻲ ﺃﻥ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻊ ﺣﺪﻳ ﹶ‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺟﺎﺯﻭﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﳌﻨﻌﻪ‬
‫ﺲ ]ﰲ[ ﻣﻨﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟﺰ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﻟ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻔ‪‬ﻠ ﹺ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٤٤٢/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻔﻠﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺽ‪،(٢٤٠٢) ،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻓﻠﺲ )‪ ،(١٥٥٩‬ﻭﻟﻔﻈﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪$ :‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺲ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻖ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻏ‪‬ﻴﺮﹺﻩ‪ .#‬ﻭﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﺩﺭ ‪‬ﻙ ﻣ‪‬ﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﻌﻴﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻧﺴﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻓﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻌﻘﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﻘﻂ ﺃﻭﳍﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﺣﺘﻜﻤﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٤٥‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺘﻤﻞ‪" :‬ﳌﻨﻌﻪ" ﻭ‪" :‬ﻟﻨﻘﺪ"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳌﻨﻔﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٧١٣‬‬

‫‪0P6 PF‬غא ‪z‬و‪Fx0e‬ز‪zE‬א‡†‪ E١x‬‬

‫‪) -٢٣٤٤‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ ،(٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎ ‪‬ﻓ ‪‬ﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ ¸ ¶  :‬‬
‫ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ]ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪.[٦ :‬‬
‫ﺡ ﺍﳌﺎ ﹺﻝ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩ ﹸﺓ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺓﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﹺﺻﻼ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٤٥‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺪ ‪-‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ :-‬ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﺘﺒ‪‬ﺮﻳﻦ)‪.(٧)(٦‬‬ ‫ﺡ ﺍﳌﺎ ﹺﻝ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺒﺎ ﹺﺭ)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﻴﺘﺎﻣﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﳜﺘﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺑﻘﺪ ﹺﺭ ﺣﺎ ﹺﻝ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﺇﺻﻼ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٤٦‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﻌﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍ ِﺀ)‪ (٩‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴ ﹺﻊ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﻍ ﻭﺑ‪‬ﻌﺪﻩ ﺣﱴ ﻳ‪‬ﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫‪ -٢٣٤٧‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳑﻦ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ﱠﺬ ﹸﻝ)‪ (٨‬ﻓﻴﺨﺎﻟ ﹸ‬
‫ﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﻓ ‪‬ﲑ ﻣﺎ‪‬ﻟﻪ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩ ﹶﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻠ ﹸﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﻔﻌﻪ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ )ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬‫)ﹶﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫]ﻗﺮﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ[)‪.(١)(١٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﺑﻠﻮﻍ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻮﻍ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺃﻳﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺃﲨﻊ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٥١/٤‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٥‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٣٣٩/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٨٠/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪.(٢٥٦‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺑﻐﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺮﺷﺪﻳﻦ )‪" :(١٣٩/١‬ﺍﻟﺮﺷﺪ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺻﻼﺡ‬
‫ﻉ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ...‬ﻭﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﺪ ﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻓﻘﻂ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ‪$‬ﺍﻟﺘﺘﻤﺔ‪ ،#‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﻘﺪ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻓﱴ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﺍﱐ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﳊﻀﺮﻣﻲ ﻭﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺨﺘﱪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٥١/٤‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٨١/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٢٥٦‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ :‬ﻳﺒﺘﺬﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺘﺮﻙ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﻳﺘﺒﺬﻝ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲝﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٤٥١/٤‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٥‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(٣٥١/٦‬‬
‫‪ ٧١٤‬‬

‫‪ -٢٣٤٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳑﻦ ﻳ‪‬ﺼﺎ ﹸﻥ‪ (١)/‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍ ﹺ‬

‫ﻕ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‪‬ﻩ ﺃﹶﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻗﻠﻴﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻓﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻧﻔﻘﺘﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ]ﻛﺎﻥ[ ﺃﹶﺣﺴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺇﹺﻧﻔﺎﻗﹶﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ )ﻭﺷﺮﺍ َﺀ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ (٢‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‪ ..‬ﺍﺧﺘﱪ)‪ (٣‬ﺑﺸﻲ ٍﺀ‬
‫ﺲ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺗﻮﻓ ‪‬ﲑ ﻣﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻘﻞ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﰲ ﺇﻧﻔﺎﻕ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪ ..‬ﺩﻓﻊ‬ ‫]ﻳﺴﲑ[ ‪‬ﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﹸﺃﻭﹺﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪.(٥)(٤)/‬‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﻴﺨﺘﱪﻫﺎ)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺫﻭﻭ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﶈﺎﺭﻡ‬
‫‪ -٢٣٤٩‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﻋﻠﻢ)‪ (٦‬ﺻﻼﺣﻬﺎ ﺃﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﻠﻴ ﹰ‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﲑﺓ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﺻﻠﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﳍﺎ؛ ﻧﻜﺤﺖ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﺗﻨﻜﺢ‬
‫‪ -٢٣٥٠‬ﻭﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺗ‪‬ﻌﻄ‪‬ﻲ)‪ (١٢‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺑﻐ ﹺﲑ ﺇﹺﺫ ‪‬ﻥ ﺯﻭﺟﹺﻬﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺭﺷﻴﺪ ﹰﺓ)‪.(١٣‬‬

‫‪ -٢٣٥١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺩﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ؟‪ ..‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪        :(١) ‬‬

‫   ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ]ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪.[٤ :‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٨٧‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪) :‬ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ(‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪) :‬ﻭﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﲑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/١١٧‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٤٥١/٤‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٥‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(٣٥١/٦‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﻣﻊ ﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﳜﺘﱪﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺫﻭﺍ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺫﻭ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﻭﺫﻭﻭ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﻛﻮﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗﺒ‪‬ﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﶈﺎﺭﻡ ﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﰲ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٧٠/٢‬ﺇﱃ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺞ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٩‬‬

‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻜﺢ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٥٢-٤٥١/٤‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٥‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(٣٥٢/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪) :‬ﺗﻌﻄﻲ(‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻄﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٤٥٢/٤‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٠٥‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ ،(٣٥٢/٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪،(١٧٠/٢‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﲑﺓ )‪.(٣٠٢/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٧١٥‬‬

‫ﳊﻔﺼﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻧﺔ)‪$ :(٢‬ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﺖ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺘ‪‬ﻚ؟‪ #‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ)‪:(٣‬‬ ‫‪(١‬‬

‫‪ -٢٣٥٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪‬‬
‫)‬

‫ﻚ‪.(٦)#‬‬ ‫ﺾ‪ (٥)/‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮﺍ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬

‫ﻚ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻴﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫»ﺃﹶﻋﺘ‪‬ﻘﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ«‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ)‪$ :(٤‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﹺﺇﻧ‪ ‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬

‫‪ -٢٣٥٣‬ﻭﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪]  ÃÂÁ  : ‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،[٦ :‬ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﺪﻓﻊ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﱄ)‪ (٩‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٥٤‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ﹺﻦ ﺍ ‪‬ﺩﻋ‪‬ﻰ)‪ (٨‬ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺯﻭﺟ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻭ ﹲ‬
‫ﺲ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺓ ﹶﺃﻥ ‪‬ﺗﻨﻔ ‪‬ﻖ)‪ (١‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﳍﺎ ﺇﻻ‬
‫‪ -٢٣٥٥‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺈﺫ ‪‬ﻥ ﺯﻭ ﹺﺟﻬﺎ‪ ..(٢)#‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ)‪ (١‬ﳝﻜﻦ)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﳍﺎ ﺃﹶﻥ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻧﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺍﳍﻼﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،  ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﲰﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ‪‬ﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻤﺎﻫﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺴﺮﹺﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﻓﻴﺖ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﲎ ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻧﺔ ﺣﲔ ﺗﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﰲ ﻋﻤﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﲎ ‪‬ﺎ ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺮ‪‬ﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺼﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺧﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺩﻓﻨﺖ ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ )‪ ،(١٩١٤/٤‬ﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(٢٧٢/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٤٦‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳍﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻫﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﹶﺓ ﻟﻐ ﹺﲑ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﺘﻘﻬﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺎ ﺯﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺟﺎﺋ ‪‬ﺰ ﺇﹺﺫﺍ ﱂ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻦ ﺳﻔﻴﻬ ﹰﺔ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﻔﻴﻬ ﹰﺔ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳﺠ‪‬ﺰ‪ (٢٥٩٢) ،‬ﻭ)‪ ،(٢٥٩٤‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗ ‪‬ﺔ‬
‫ﺐ ﻣﻮﱃ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻧﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﳘﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷَﻗﺮ‪‬ﺑﲔ‪ ،(٩٩٩) ،‬ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﻋﻦ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﺮﻳ ﹴ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳉﺰﻡ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻧﺔ ﻻ ﺣﻔﺼﺔ ‪. ‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ (٢٦٧/٨‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٥٧-٤٥٢/٤‬ﺑﻌﺪﺓ ﺃﺩﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻘﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﲔ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺩﻋﺖ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺩﻋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﰲ‬ ‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺛﻠﺚ ﻣﺎﳍﺎ ﻟﻐﲑ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﺿﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪ (١٢٣/٤‬ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻊ )‪ (٢٥٦/٢‬ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ‬
‫)‪ (٤١/٣‬ﺍﳌﻌﻮﻧﺔ )‪ (١١٧٩/٢‬ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻘﲔ )ﺹ‪ (٤٢٣‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﻣﻬﺎﺕ )‪ (٣٨٧‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺩﻳﺮ )‪.(٣٠٧/٣‬‬
‫‪ ٧١٦‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻔﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪﻩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ‪. ‬‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (٧٠٥٨ :٦٣٢/١١‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪" :‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃ ‪‬ﺓ ﹶﺃﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﻣﺎ‪‬ﻟﻬﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻣﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺯﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻬﺎ ﻋﺼﻤ‪‬ﺘﻬﺎ " ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﳏﻘﻘﻮﻩ‪ :‬ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺣﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻋﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺇﺫﻥ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪،(٣٥٤٦) ،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻋﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺇﺫﻥ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪ ،(٣٧٥٦) ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳍﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻋﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‬
‫ﺑﻐﲑ ﺇﺫﻥ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪ ،(٢٣٨٨) ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ (٤٧/٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ (٦٠/٦‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﲔ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﻴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺑﻠﻔﻆ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪" :‬ﻻ ﳚﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﻻﻣﺮﺃ ‪‬ﺓ ﻋﻄ‪‬ﻴ ﹲﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺑﹺﺈﺫ ‪‬ﻥ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ"‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ »ﰲ ﻣﺎﳍﺎ«‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (٦٦٨١ :٢٦٥/١١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﶈﻘﻘﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺣﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﺮﺭ ﺑﺮﻗﻢ )‪ (٦٧٢٧‬ﻭ)‪ ،(٦٧٢٨‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻭﺩ )‪ (٣٥٤٧‬ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻋﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺇﺫﻥ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪،(٢٥٤٠) ،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ (٦٠/٦‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﲔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﻴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪.(٧٠٥٨ :٦٣٢/١١‬‬
‫ﻭﺭ‪‬ﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻋﻦ ﳎﺎﻫﺪ ﻣﺮﺳ ﹰ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺖ ﻓﻴﻠﺰﻣﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ﹸﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﱡﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(٤٥٣/٤‬ﻗﺪ ﲰﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺜﺎﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﳌﻌﻘﻮﻝ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﳏﻘﻘﻮ ﺍﳌﺴﻨﺪ )‪" :(٢٧١/١١‬ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻳﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻈﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﰲ ﻣﺎﳍﺎ" ﻣﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺓ‪ ،‬ﹶﻇ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺠﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪» : ‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﻋﻄﻴﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ« ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﳍﺎ"‪ .‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺑﺘﻀﻌﻴﻔﻪ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪ (٦١/٦‬ﻧﺺ ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻔﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﰲ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﻴﺐ‪ ..‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﻴﺐ‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻀﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﺃﺻﺢ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺣﺘﺞ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ‬ﺩﻻﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺗﺼﺮﻓﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺎﳍﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﻴﺐ ﳏﻤﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﻭﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻍ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺮﺭ ﻭﺫﻛﺮﺍ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﻘﺒﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪" :‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ" ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻨﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ‪" :‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ" ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ )‪.(٨٢٥ :٤٧٢/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺟﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﻭﺭﺩﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻫﻮ ﳏﻤﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ" ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪،(٣٥٤/٦‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺪﻱ ﰲ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ )" :(٦٦/٥‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻄﻴ‪‬ﺔ( ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻄﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﳍﺎ ﻻ‬
‫ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺫﻥ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺪ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺑﺪﺃ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٧١٧‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻳﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺯﻭﺟ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﺿ ‪‬ﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺈﺫﹺﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﻌﻠﺖ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓﺼ‪‬ﻮﻣ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺑﻐ ﹺﲑ ﺇﹺﺫﻧﻪ ﻓﺒﺎﻋﺖ‪..‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ؛‬
‫ﺐ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ)‪ (٣‬ﺃﹶﻋﺘﻘﺖ )ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻧﺔ()‪ (٤‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻲ ‪ .. ‬ﻓﻠﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﳍﺎ‪.(٦) (٥‬‬
‫ﱯ ‪- ‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ‪) ..-‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺪ ﱠﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻊ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ‪‬ﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ)‪ (٨‬ﻟﻪ ﺣﺎ ﹸﻝ ﺳﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺇﺗﻼﻑ ﳌﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫‪ -٢٣٥٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﺩ‪‬ﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻣﺎﻟﹸﻪ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﻍ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺷ ‪‬ﺪ ﰒ ﺣﺪ ﹶ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺒﻐ‪‬ﻰ)‪ (٩‬ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺠﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﳚﻌﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻟﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﳚﻌﻞ)‪ (١٠‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻸﺻﺎﻏﺮ)‪] (١١‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ[؛ ﻷﻥ‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻢ ]ﻓﻴﻪ[‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﹶﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻍ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺷﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺭﺷﻴﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻓﺼﺎﺭ ﻏﲑ ﺭﺷﻴﺪ‪ ..‬ﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺪﻓﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻍ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺷﺪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺣﺠﺮ )ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺳﻔﻬﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪/١١٧)/‬ﺏ( ﺇﱃ‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٥٧‬ﻭﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ‪ ..(٢‬ﻓﺠﺎﺋﺰ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲤﻜﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﳏﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻟـ)ﻭﻗﺪ( ﻭ)ﻓﻘﺪ( ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪" :‬ﺣﻔﺼﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪" :‬ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻧﺔ ‪ ،" ‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،.‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺩﱏ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ( ﻭﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ )ﻗﺪ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ( ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪ (٦١/٦‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺑﻌﻀﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫)‪.(٢٦٩/٨‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٩‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻷﺻﺎﻏﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٦٢-٤٦٠/٤‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٥‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٣٥٤/٦‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٣١٢‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ‬
‫)‪ (٣٨/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٨٢/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻜﻞ‪.‬‬
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‫ﺻ ‪‬ﻲ ﻭﻻ ﺣﺠ ﹴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﻣﺎﻟﹸﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫‪ -٢٣٥٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺸﺄ)‪ (٤‬ﺑﻼ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ‪-‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﰲ ﻳﺪ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ..-‬ﻓﻜ ﱡﻞ ﺃﹶﻣ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﺣﱴ ﳛﺠﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻐ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺻﺎﺭ)‪ (٧‬ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺩﻓﻌﻪ)‪ (٨‬ﺇﻟﻴﻪ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٥٩‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺭﺷﻴﺪ‪‬ﺍ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٦٠‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺻﻐﲑ‪ (١)/‬ﻓﻜﱪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻞ ﻭﺩﻳﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺪﻓﻌﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﻐﲑ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹺﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ)‪.(٣)(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﱄ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،/(٤٦٢/٤‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٠٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٧٠/٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻭﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻪ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﻞ"‪ ،‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ،(٣٦٥/٤‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ .(١٧٠/٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(١٨٢/٤‬ﻟﻮ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﻌﺪﻣﺎ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺭﺷﻴﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻮﺟﻬﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﳊﺠﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺬﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺟﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺻﺤﻬﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻌﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻻ ﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺷﺂ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﻎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺼﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺩﻓﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺳﻔﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﱂ ﳛﺠﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ )‪: (٣٤٢/٣‬‬ ‫)‪( ٩‬‬
‫"ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺳﻔﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﱂ ﳛﺠﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻔﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﳏﺠﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﺮﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ﺣﺴ‪‬ﺎ" ﻭﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ﺑﻐﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺮﺳﺪﻳﻦ )‪ (١٣٩/١‬ﻧﻘﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ )‪ ،(٣٤٢/٣‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٧٠/٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٦٥/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٤٧‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﺿﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺷﻬﺪ ﺭﺟﻼﻥ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪...‬‬
 ‫‪٧١٩‬‬

‫)‪6 P‬א ‪ (١$‬‬

‫‪ -٢٣٦١‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺺ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻔﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﺣﺎﺿ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﺎ ﹲﱂ‪،‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻔﻌ ﹶﺔ ﻟﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻌ ﹸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﹺﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ﹶﻄﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٦٢‬ﻭﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﳝﻜﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻭﻛﻴﻠﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٦٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﺎﺋﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻤﺜﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻣﻜﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻭﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﺍﻧﻘﻄﻌﺖ‬
‫ﺷﻔﻌﺘﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٦٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺷﻔﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪» (٦):‬ﺃﺧﺬ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻌﺸﺮﺓ«‪ ..‬ﻓﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﺑﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺷﻔﻌﺘﻪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٦٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻳﺪ)‪ (١‬ﺭﺟﻞ ﺷﻘﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻓﻐﺼﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺼﻴﺒﻪ ﰒ ﺑﺎﻉ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻧﺼﻴﺒﻪ ﰒ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺷﻔﻌﺘﻪ)‪ (٢‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ )‪/٧٠‬ﺃ( ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ‪-‬ﻫﻮ ﻭﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ‪ -‬ﺧﻼﻝ ﺑﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻭﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٤٦/٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٠‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩٩‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣٠٧/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢١٥/٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٤٦/٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪- (١٢٠‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﻴﻞ‪ -‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٢٩٩‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٠٨-٣٠٧/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢١٦/٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٥/٥‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٤٦/٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٠‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩٩‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣٠٨-٣٠٧/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢١٦/٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٥٣/٨‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩٩‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ٣٠٧/٢‬ﻭ‪ (٣٠٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫)‪.(٢١٨/٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪﻱ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ (٣٧٨/٢‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺼﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫‪ ٧٢٠‬‬

‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ‬

‫ﻉ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺎ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺷ ﹾﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ‪‬ﺷ ﹾﻘﺼ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍ ﹴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٣٦٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ)‪ (١‬ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺒ ﹺ‬
‫ﺲ ﺷﻔﻌ ﹲﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻟﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﳊ‪‬ﺒ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﹶ‬

‫‪6 P‬א ‪ rZ‬‬

‫‪ -٢٣٦٧‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋﻰ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﺩﻋﻮﻯ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﻧﻜﺮ)‪ ،(٣‬ﰒ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻲ)‪ (٤‬ﻣﻦ ﺩﻋﻮﺍﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﻜﺎﺭ)‪(٥‬؛ ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ‬
‫ﺽ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﻋﻮﺿ‪‬ﺎ‪ /‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻲﺀ ﳎﻬﻮﻝ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠ ‪‬ﺢ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﺪﺧﻞ ]ﻫﺬﺍ[ ﰲ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍ‪‬ﻬﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﻠﻮﻡ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻓﺎﻓﺘﺪﻯ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﲟﺎ ﹴﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪.(٣)(٢)/‬‬ ‫‪ (١) -٢٣٦٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺇﹺﻥ ﻭﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻟﺮﺟ ﹴﻞ ﳝ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺒﻮﺱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻚﰲ‬‫ﻚ( ﰲ ﺭﻗﺒ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎ ﹺﺭ ﻓﻼ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ‪ ...‬ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )‪)" :(٢٩٧/٢‬ﻭﻻ ﺷﻔﻌﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻟﺸﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻛﺄﻥ ﻣﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﺑﻮﺻﻴﺔ" ﻭﺍﳌﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻻ ﳝﻠﻜﻮﻥ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﺭﻗﺒ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎ ﹺﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻟﺸﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺃﻭﱃ‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺑﻐ ﹺﲑ ﻋﻮﺽﹴ؛ ﻛﺄﻥ ﻭﻗﻒ ﺣﺼﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻭﻫﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺎﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻤﺔ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻛﺎ ِﺀ ﺷﻔﻌ ﹲﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ ،(٥/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ٢٩٦‬ﻭ‪ ،(٢٩٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ،(٢١٠/٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٠٣/٢‬ﻭ)‪ ،(٢٩٨/٢‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻻ‬
‫ﻚ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﺿﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻌﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻧﻜﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٦٤/٤‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٥٦/٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٦-١٠٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪(٢٦٠‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٨٠-١٧٩/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٨٣/٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٦٣/٤‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٥٦/٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٧٨/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٨٣/٤‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٤٨‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺷﺒﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﺋﺮ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ )‪" :(٣٢٥/١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ‪-‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪» -‬ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﺐ ﻟﺮﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟﻞ ﳝﲔ ﻓﺎﻓﺘﺪﻯ ﻣﻨﻪ ﲟﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ« ﻭﻭﺍﻓﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪ ‪ : ‬ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻓﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺭﺟﻞ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺒﻌﲑﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺻﺢ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺻﻮﺭ ﹲﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﻣﺎ ﳜﺎﻟﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪ ‪ : ‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ"‪.‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٧٢١‬‬

‫ﺐ)‪ (١‬ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﱪﺃ)‪ (٢‬ﺣﱴ‬

‫ﻼ ﻣﻦ ﻛ ﱢﻞ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﻭﺟ ‪‬‬‫ﻼ ﺣﱠﻠ ﹶﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -٢٣٦٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ‪ ..‬ﺣﱠﻠﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺬﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻛﺬﺍ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻘﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺍ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﻠ ﹺﺢ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﹸﻛ ﱠﻞ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺪﻋﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﺯ‬ ‫‪ -٢٣٧٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺼ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﺢ)‪.(٧)(٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪" :(٤٨٠/٤‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﳝﲔ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﳌﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻛﺸﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﻮﻳﺰ ﻣﻦ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﻻ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﳓﻮﻩ ﰲ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺍﱐ )‪ ،(٣٢٥/١٠‬ﻭﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﲑﺓ )‪ (٣٤٣/٤‬ﻭﺯﺍﺩ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺷﺮﻳﺢ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﻪ‪ :‬ﻻ‬
‫ﳚﻮﺯ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﺧﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﳌﺎﻟﻚ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳚﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﱪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺣﺎﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺍﻹﺑﺮﺍﺀ ﻋﻦ ﳎﻬﻮﻝ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٥٠/٤‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ (٢٣٩/٢‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﻳﱪﺉ ﻣﻦ ﳎﻬﻮﻝ ﻓﻄﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻋﺪﺩ‪‬ﺍ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﺮﺃﺗﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﰲ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ (٢٤٠/٢‬ﻭﻧﺴﺒﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﻌﺰﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٦٤/٤‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥٩‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٧٨-١٧٧/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪) :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﺪﻩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺻﻐﲑ‪ (...‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﰲ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٧٢٢‬‬

‫‪F‬א‪N45‬א ‪$‬א‪
x  U‬و‪0s‬א‪6‬א  ‪ E١ ˜&$‬‬

‫ﺕ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٧١‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﳌﺘﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻚ ﺑﻜﺬﺍ«‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻵﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﲞﻼ‪‬ﻓ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ ﻗﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫»ﹶﺃﻣ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٧٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ)‪ (٣‬ﻣﺜﻠﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻁ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٧٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ)‪ :(١‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ ﻗﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﳋ‪‬ﻴﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻭﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ )‪/٦٩‬ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺼﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﻠﻤﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﲢﻮ‪‬ﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻒ ﻛﺘﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ‪$‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ‬
‫‪ ، ‬ﰒ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺃﻥ ﳚﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺑﲔ ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﹶﺄﱠﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ‪ ،#‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﻗﺪ ﻋﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﲔ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺭ ﹰﺓ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺎﺭﺓ ﲟﺨﺎﻟﻔﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﲨﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ‪$‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺗﺎﺭﺓ ‪-‬ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ‪ -‬ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ )‪.(١٢٨/٣٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٨‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٤٣٧-٤٣٦/٧‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٤١٧/١‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ (٢٣٦/٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٥٤/٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﻁ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﺴﺐ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ )‪ (٩٦/١٥‬ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﺤﺎﻟﻔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻋﻈﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ‪ ، ‬ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻦ ﺯ‪‬ﻭﻃﹶﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﲦﺎﻧﲔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺻﻐﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺃﻯ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﳌﺎ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ‪ :‬ﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺭﺑﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺷﻴﺦ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻓﻀﻠﻬﻢ ‪-‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ -‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﲪﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺃﰊ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬﻩ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻓﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪" :‬ﻋﲏ ﺑﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﲢﻞ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﻭﻏﻮﺍﻣﻀﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻬﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻴﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ"‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺐ ﻭﻓﻀﺎﺋﻞ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎﺗﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﺸﲑﺍﺯﻱ‪) ،‬ﺹ‪ ،(٨٦‬ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﺍﳌﻀﻴﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ )‪ ،(٤٩/١‬ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻴﺔ )‪ ،(٨٦/١‬ﺳﲑ ﺃﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ )‪.(٣٩٠/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ‪ ،‬ﻷﰊ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ )ﺹ‪ ،(٩‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢١٧/٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٨‬ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ )‪.(٩٦/١٥‬‬
 ‫‪٧٢٣‬‬

‫ﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬ﺪﻋ‪‬ﻰ‬
‫‪ -٢٣٧٤‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ : ‬ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬ﺪﻋ‪‬ﻲ ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ‪.(٣)#‬‬
‫‪] -٢٣٧٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺍﻷﺻﻞ)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﱄ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺇﺗﻼﻓﹶﻪ‪) ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﻮ‪ (٥‬ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺃﻣﺮﺗﲏ)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻥ ﺃﻫﺒﻪ ﻟﻔﻼﻥ«‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‪» :‬ﺑﻞ ﻟﻔﻼﻥ«‪ ..‬ﻓﺼﺎﺭ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺪﻋﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ)‪.(٧‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻴﻮﺏ‬

‫‪ -٢٣٧٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﺟﺎﺭﻳ ﹰﺔ ﺛ‪‬ﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺃﺻﺎ‪‬ﺎ)‪ ،(٩‬ﰒ ﻇﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻴ ﹴ‬
‫ﺐ‪ ..‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻁﺀ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻨﻘﺺ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﻔﱵ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﺿﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺭﺑﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻣﻮﱃ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﰲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻈﲑ‪‬ﺍ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﰊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺷﻌﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺻﺪﻭﻗﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻭﱄ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻓﻘﻪ ﰲ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﻗﺮﺃ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﻗﻮﻝ ﺣﻘ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﻋﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﻟﻴﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻭﻣﺌﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ )‪ ،(٦٢٢/٢٥‬ﺳﲑ ﺃﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ‬
‫)‪.(٣١٠/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٠-٩‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢١٧/٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (١٢٨‬ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ )‪.(٩٦/١٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ ﰲ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻷﺻﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺼﺎﺭ ﻫﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺮﱐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١٢٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺄﺻﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٢١-٢٢٠/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٦٧/٣‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮ ‪‬ﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻁﺀ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﱠﺜﻤ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻧﺄﺧﺬ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺮﺩ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﻭﻳﺮﺩ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ"‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻨﺪﳘﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻴﺐ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪.(١٣-١١‬‬
‫‪ ٧٢٤‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺽ ﻋﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٧٧‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪‬ﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﻀﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﺪ ﹶ‬
‫ﺐ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﹶﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻴ ﹺ‬
‫ﺺ ﺍﻟﻌﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﹶﺻﺎﺑ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲟﺎ ﻧﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻟﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬‫ﻉ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺎ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٢٣٧٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻏﲑ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ..‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺩ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﺼﻬﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻻﻓﺘﻀﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٧٩‬ﻭﺃﻭﻻﺩﻫﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪/١١٨)/‬ﺏ( ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﻢ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺷﺒﻬﺔ‪.(٥)/‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٨٠‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ]ﻗﺪ[ ﺍﻏﺘﱠﻠﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﻐﻠ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺻﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺐ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٨١‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﻭﻣﻔﺴﻮﺥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﳉﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﻬﺎ)‪ (٧‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٨٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑ ﹶﺔ ﻓﻮﺟﺪ ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﺣﺪﺙ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﳛﺪﺙ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﳛﺪﺙ‪ ..‬ﺭﺩ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٨٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (١‬ﺑﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻭ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻮﺏ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﺮﹸﺋ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻴ‪‬ﺒﺎ)‪ (٢‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ]ﻣﻨﻬﺎ[‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﻣﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﱪﺃ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻀﻊ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻳﱪﺋﻪ )ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ (٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤﻰ ﱂ ﻳﱪﺃ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٢١/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٦٧/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻧﻘﺺ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٤٩‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٧‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٢٤/٨‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﹶﳌﺒ‪‬ﺴﻮﻁ )‪ (١٣٣-١٣٢/٣٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪.(٤٩٠/٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﻴ‪‬ﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻲ ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺃﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺣﻮﳍﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ . ‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪.(١٥‬‬
 ‫‪٧٢٥‬‬

‫‪ -٢٣٨٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ (٦) :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺑﺮﺋﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻋﻴﺐ«‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٨٥‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪) ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ (٨ ‬ﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻤﺎ)‪ (٩‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﱪﺃ)‪ (١٠‬ﳑﺎ ﻻ)‪ (١١‬ﻳﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ)‪ (١٢‬ﻳﺒﻴﻊ )ﻣﺎ ﻻ‪ (١٣‬ﻳﺮﻯ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ)‪ (١٤‬ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﱪﺋﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻀﻊ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٨٦‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﲰ‪‬ﻰ ﺑﺮﺉ)‪.(١٥‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺍ)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٢٥/٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٨٤‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٢٧٢-٢٧١/٥‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ‬
‫)‪ (١٢٦/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٢١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٧٣-٤٧٢/٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻇﻬﺮﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﻳﱪﺃ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺑﺎﻃﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﱪﺃ‬
‫ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﲝﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀﺓ ﻣﻨﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳑﺎ ﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﻌﺎﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻛﺎﻟﺰﻧﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺑﺎﻕ‪ ..‬ﺑﺮﺉ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻌﺎﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻟﱪﺹ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﻩ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ‪ ..‬ﺑﺮﺉ ﻗﻄﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻛﺸﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀﺓ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﱪﺃ ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ (٦٣/٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ٥٣/٢‬ﻭ‪ (٥٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ٣٧/٤‬ﻭ‪.(٣٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٥‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٢٥/٨‬ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﶈﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺴﻦ )‪ (١٧٧/٥‬ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ )‪ (١٣٣/٣٠‬ﺑﺪﺍﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﺋﻊ )‪.(١٧٢/٥‬‬

‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻜﻠﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﱪﺃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﱂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﻻ ﲟﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪" (١٥‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﻊ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ"‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٥‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٢٥/٨‬ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ )‪.(١٣٣/٣٠‬‬
‫‪ ٧٢٦‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﳍﺬﺍ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬‫‪ -٢٣٨٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹺﻞ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪ ..‬ﺣﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺣﻖ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻳﺴﻌﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ]ﻟﻪ[ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺣﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٨٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ‪ /‬ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﻟﻘﻴﻤﺘﻪ‬
‫)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٨٩‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ‪ (٥)/‬ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٩٠‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٩١‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٩٢‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺣﲔ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺜ ﹶﻞ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧﺬﹶﻩ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺪﻋﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻋﻮﺍﻩ ﺑﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﳍﺬﺍ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺣﻘﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٢٥/٨‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٦‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﹶﳌﺒ‪‬ﺴﻮﻁ )‪ (١٣٢/٣٠‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣١٤‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٣٢٨/١٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪٣٤/١٢‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ (٣٦‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺑﻂ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺖ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﻲ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻏﲑﻩ"‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﻴﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺋ ﹺﻊ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٢٨/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻮﺍ ٌﺀ ﰲ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫)‪(٤٥٣/٣‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٦٩‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﺗﻀﻤﲔ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻣﲔ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺃﰊ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ؛ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻻﻥ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺜﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ ،(١٧‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٢٨/٨‬ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﶈﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ )‪ (١٢٦-١٢٥/٥‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺤﺎﻭﻱ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٧٥‬ﺷﺮﺣﻪ ﻟﻠﺠﺼﺎﺹ )‪ (١٥-١٤/٣‬ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ )‪.(١٧/١٣‬‬
‫ﲔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺜﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ ﺃﻣ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٧‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪.(٢٢٨/٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪ (٤٨٩/٢‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﻮﻗﻲ )‪ (١٠٣/٣‬ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻬﺪ )‪.(٢١٠/٢‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
 ‫‪٧٢٧‬‬

‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ)‪ (٢‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪/‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٩٣‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘ ‪‬ﺞ ]ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ[ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴ ﹺﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺳ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻫﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻫﻠﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺳﺪ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻫﻠﻚ ﰲ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﹶﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﲦﻦ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ﹴﻦ ﺃﻭ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ﹴﻦ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮﺩ‪‬ﻩ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺩﻳﻌﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻴﺐ‬

‫‪ -٢٣٩٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻓﺒﺎﻉ ﻧﺼ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ﰒ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﻋﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ]ﻋﻠﻴﻪ[ ﲟﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺺ ]ﻣﻦ[ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺐ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ ﲨﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٩٥‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﳜﲑ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻊ)‪(٥‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﺩ)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ)‪] (٧‬ﻭ[ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺷﺮﻳﻜﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﳑﻦ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﺍﻙ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﺭﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻘﻴﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺐﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹺﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻁ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‬ ‫‪ -٢٣٩٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (١‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺒﻴﻌﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻬﺒﻪ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻖ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻖ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ )‪" :(٢٧/٨‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻓﺮﺳ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ‬
‫ﻼ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﻌﻄﺐ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨﺎﺻﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ –ﻳﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :-‬ﺍﺟﻌﻞ ﺑﻴﲏ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻚ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺳﻮ ﹴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ﹴﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻲ‪ .‬ﻓﺄﺗﻮﺍ ﺷﺮﳛ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺷﺮﻳﺢ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﺬ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺻﺤﻴﺤ‪‬ﺎ ﺳﻠﻴﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﱐ ﺃﺭﺿﻰ ﹺﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ )ﻓﺒﻌﺜﻪ( ﻗﺎﺿﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿﺎﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺮ ‪‬ﺩﻩ ﺻﺤﻴﺤ‪‬ﺎ ﺳﺎﳌﹰﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺄﻋﺠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ (١٤٩٧٩ :٢٢٤/٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪ (٢٧٤/٥‬ﻭﻭﻛﻴﻊ ﰲ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ‬
‫)‪ (١٨٩/٢‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ ﰲ ﺍﶈﻠﻰ )‪.(٣٧٣/٨‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٥٠‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(١٧‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٢٨/٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٨٣‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺍﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺑﺎﺋﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺑﺎﻉ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫‪ ٧٢٨‬‬

‫‪ -٢٣٩٧‬ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺑﺮﻳﺮﺓ‪$ :‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻋﺘﻘﻴﻬﺎ‪.#‬‬

‫‪ -٢٣٩٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ ﰒ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ)‪ (٤‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﻬﺎ)‪ ..(٥‬ﱂ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺺ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﺗﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ)‪(٧‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪ (٨) ‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ‪] :‬ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ[ ﺗﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹲﺔ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻘ ‪‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ‬
‫ﺻﻮ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﺢ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ)‪..(١٣‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﻂ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻐﺎﺏ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ‪‬ﺣ ﱠ‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫‪ -٢٣٩٩‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺮﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻣﺎ ﹲﻝ‬
‫ﻂ ﻋﻨﻪ)‪.(١٥‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺮﻩ)‪ (١٤‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺳﺎﻗ ﹲ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﺎﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﺜﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٢٩/٨‬ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﶈﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ )‪(١٢٤/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٩٧/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٤٠٦/٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٤٠٣/٣‬ﰲ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﺸﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻖ‪ ،‬ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﳌﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳍﺎﺀ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺘﻘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳚﺰﻩ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳚﺰﻳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٤٠٤/٣‬ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺻﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻖ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺣﻖ ﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺺ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺣﻂ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺣﻂ ﻋﻨﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﺐ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٣٠/٨‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍ ﹶﳌﺒ‪‬ﺴﻮﻁ )‪.(١٣٤/٣٠‬‬
 ‫‪٧٢٩‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍ ﹺﺭ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴ ‪‬ﻊ‬ ‫ﻉ‬
‫ﲨﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﺃ ﹾﺫ ‪‬ﺭ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٤٠٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺫﺭﺍﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻃ ﹲﻞ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٠١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٠٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ)‪ (٦‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﲰﻜﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺣﻈﲑ ‪‬ﺓ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺮﺍﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺆﺧ ﹸﺬ)‪ (٨‬ﺣﱴ ﺗﺼﺎ ‪‬ﺩ)‪ ..(٩‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﺑﺎﻃﻞﹲ؛‬
‫‪ -٢٤٠٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ)‪ (١٠‬ﻳﺆﺧ ﹸﺬ ﺑﺎﻷﻳﺪﻱ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ)‪.(١‬‬
‫َﻷﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﻣﻘﺪﻭ ﹴﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ًﺀ ﻗﻠﻴ ﹰ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻤﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺫﺭﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٣٣/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٦٢/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢٢‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٣٣/٨‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﹶﳌﺒ‪‬ﺴﻮﻁ )‪ ١٣٦/٣٠‬ﻭ‪.(١٤٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﺠﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺐ ﺑﻘﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ؛ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺛﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﹸﻟ ﱢﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻟﻮﻻ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻣﺎ ﹸﺫ ‪‬ﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎﺗﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺎﱄ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺩﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﺏ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﲑ ﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺍﺛﻨﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﺍﳌﻀﻴﺔ )‪ ،(٦١١/٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻬﻴﺔ )ﺹ‪.(٢٢٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢٢-٢١‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٣٣/٨‬ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﶈﻤﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ )‪ (٨٨-٨٧/٥‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﹶﳌﺒ‪‬ﺴﻮﻁ )‪ ١٣٦/٣٠‬ﻭ‪.(١٤٠‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻻ ﺑﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺧﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﳌﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪" :(٢٢‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ‪ ‬ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺄﺧﺬ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ‪" :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺭﺁﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺮﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺭﺁﻩ"‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻮﺧﺬ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٨‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺼﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٧٣٠‬‬

‫)ﺯ(‬
‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺣﻜﻢ ]ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﻴﻞ ﻧﺴﻴﺌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻖ[‬
‫‪ (٢)/ -٢٤٠٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﺑﻌﻬﺎ«‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﻞ ﺑﻨﺴﻴﺌﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻓﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺴﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﺃﻗﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﺒﺘﺎﻉ ]ﻣﻨﻪ[ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺫﻥ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻤﻨ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫‪ -٢٤٠٥‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﺎﺗﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﻟﻘﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪ ..‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺮﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ)‪.(٦‬‬‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ‪/١١٩)/‬ﺏ(‪ ..‬ﺭﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‬
‫‪ -٢٤٠٦‬ﻭﺇﺫ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﺎﻳﻌﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ‪ ..‬ﲢﺎﻟﻔﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﺍﺩ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﻛﺎﺧﺘﻼﻓﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ)‪.(٩) (٨‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺷﺮﺍﺅﻩ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢٣-٢٢‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪(٢٣٥-٢٣٤/٨‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٢٧٠/١‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٥٨/٣‬ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﶈﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ )‪ (٩٣/٥‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ‬
‫ﻭﻋﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺟﺐ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺻﻴﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺁﻩ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٥١‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻧﺴﻴﺌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ﻧﻘﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻭﻻ ﻧﺴﻴﺌﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺑﻊ ﺑﺮﺃﻳﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﺭ ﺑﻨﺴﻴﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﻭﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﺭ ﺿﺎﻣﻦ ﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺎﻉ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺪﻓﻌﻪ ﻟﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﻉ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢٤‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٢٣٦/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٠٥/٤‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻛﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻴﻊ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻨﻘﺪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﹶﳌﺒ‪‬ﺴﻮﻁ )‪.(١٣٧/٣٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻵﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻊ )ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ(‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻊ‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٣٦-٢٣٥/٨‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪ ..‬ﺭﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋ ﹺﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻀ ﹺﻞ ﳑﺎ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺍﺑﺘﺎﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻃﺒﻌﺔ ﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻓﻌﺖ‪" :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹶﻞ ﻣﺘﺎﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﺪ ﻭﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﻴﺌﺔ‪ "...‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻁ ﺑﻮﻻﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ "ﻳﺒﻴﻌﻪ" ﺑﺪﻝ "ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ" ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺷﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣﻘﱡﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳌﱳ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ( ﻭﺍﻷﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٣٦/٨‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٢٩٩/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٥٧٧/٣‬‬
 ‫‪٧٣١‬‬

‫‪ -٢٤٠٧‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ)‪.(١‬‬

‫‪ -٢٤٠٨‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٠٩‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‬
‫ﻉ ﺟﺎﺭﻳ ﹰﺔ ﲜﺎﺭﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒﻀ‪‬ﺎ)‪) (١‬ﰒ ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﳘﺎ ﻋﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ‪ (٢‬ﺇﻥ‬
‫‪ -٢٤١٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ)‪ (٣‬ﻗﻴﻤﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﺎﺋﺘﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﲨﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻣﲔ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﰊ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪$ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ‪) #‬ﺹ‪ ،(٢٤‬ﻭﰲ ‪$‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ‪ #‬ﻣﻦ ‪$‬ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ‪ (٢٣٦/٨) #‬ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋﻴ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺨﻴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻣ‪‬ﻨﻜﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﰲ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺼ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪" :(٢٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﻴ‪‬ﻌﺎﻥ؛ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺘﻚ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺘﲏ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻚ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻧﺄﺧﺬ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﳒﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺋﻖ )‪ (٣٧/٦‬ﺃﻥ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻣﺪﻋﻲ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺃﰊ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻣﻨﻜﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺋﻌ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻳ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺎ ﰲ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻁ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ ﳌﻨﻜﺮﻩ ﻋﻨﺪﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﳌﺪﻋﻴﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺴﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﶈﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﱪﻫﺎﱐ )‪.(٥٠٦/٦‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﺴﺐ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٣٠٠/٥‬ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﺤﺎﻟﻔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺎﻩ!‬
‫ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﶈﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ )‪".(١٤٠/٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﱄ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺷﺮﻃﺖ ﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﻴﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹴ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺘﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺧﻴﺎ ‪‬ﺭ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ :‬ﱄ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺒ‪‬ﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﰊ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋﻰ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﻔﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ )‪ (٥٩/١٣‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻊ ﺷﺮﺣﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺏ )‪ (٤٦/٤‬ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﻳﺔ )‪.(٥١/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢٤‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪.(٢٣٦/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢٤‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ ،(٢٣٦/٨‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﺘﻪ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﶈﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ )‪ (١٤٠/٥‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٧٣٢‬‬

‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﳘﺎ ﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٤‬ﻓﺎﺗﺖ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﳘﺎ‪ ..‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺻﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺘﻪ ﺍﳌﻴﺘﺔ؛‬
‫ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﺎﻟﺪﻧﺎﻧﲑ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﻭﻛﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ]ﺃﻥ[ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻟﻪ ﺳﻠﻌ ﹰﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﹺﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻓﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺷﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ)‪ (٦‬ﻓﻮﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪..‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤١١‬ﻭﻟﻮ ‪‬ﻭ ﱠﻛ ﹶﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﳌﺎ ﹺﻝ‪ ..‬ﺃﺣﻠﻒ)‪ (٧‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ)‪.(٩)(٨‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﻝﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻊ ﺭﺿﻰ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺃﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺒﻀﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﰊ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻭﰲ ‪$‬ﺍﻷﻡ‪ :#‬ﻭﻗﺒﺾ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﰒ ﻫﻠﻚ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺘﲔ ﰒ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﱵ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﻋﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﺭﺩﻫﺎ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‬
‫ﻭ)ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﰊ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻭﺍﻷﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻓﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻛﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮﺩ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﰊ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻓﺎﺗﺖ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢٥‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٣٧-٢٣٦/٨‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﹶﳌﺒ‪‬ﺴﻮﻁ‬
‫)‪ (١٣٨/٣٠‬ﻭﰲ ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪" :(٦٦/٢‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺭﺩ ﺍﳌﺒﻴﻊ ﺑﻌﻴﺐ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ..‬ﺭﺟﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ" ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﱂ ﳛﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﺣﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﳊﻠﻒ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ :‬ﳜﺎﺻ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻧ‪‬ﺒﺎﱄ ﺃﹶﺣﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻵ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﻡ ﻻ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻧﻜﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻳ‪‬ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻵﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻧﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﳝﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻵﻣﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻒ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻴﺐﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﺐ ﺣﱴ ﳛﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻵﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﻓﻴﺤﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﻠ ‪‬ﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻏﺎﺋﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻐ ﹺﲑ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢٥‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ ،(٢٣٨-٢٣٧/٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(١١١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣١٢-٣١١/٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٢٦/٢‬ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ )‪ (١٢٠/١٣‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺋﻖ )‪ (٢٠٩/٧‬ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﻳﺔ )‪ (١٠٠/٣‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻳﻦ )‪.(٤٨٧/٤‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪" :(٥٥٧/٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺩﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﺮﺿﻰ ﻣﻮﻛﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻴﺐ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺑﺎﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻢ )ﻣﻮﻛﻠﻪ( ﻣﻮﻛﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻴﺐ" ﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‪" :‬ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺭﺿﻰ ﻣﻮﻛﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻴﺐ"‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٧٣٣‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﺮﺍﲝﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺰﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦﹺ؛ )ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻓﺎﺋﺘ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..(٢‬ﺣ ﱠ‬
‫ﻂ‬ ‫‪ -٢٤١٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (١‬ﺑﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺱ ﺍﳌﺎ ﹺﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑ ﹺﺢ ﺑﻘﺪ ﹺﺭ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.(٤)(٣)/‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃ ﹺ‬

‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺖ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻜ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻐ ‪‬ﲑ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﻣﺮﺩﻭﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﹸﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺳﺎﻛ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٤١٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺣﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺒﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹰﺔ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺭﺿﻰ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻜ ﹺﺮ ﺧﺎ ‪‬‬‫ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻤ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻭ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺋﺘ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٦٩‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٣٨/٨‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﲢﻂ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﲝﺼﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺩﻩ‪ ...‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲰﻰ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻓﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ"‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮﺟ‪‬ﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(٨٤‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ‪ ..‬ﺣﻄﻄﺖ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺣﺼﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﳛﻜﻢ ﺑﺴﻘﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺣﺼﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺩﻩ ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﺪ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳛﻄﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﻧ ﹸﺔ ﻭﺣﺼﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺄﺧ ﹸﺬ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﻂ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﱡ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢٦‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٢٨٥/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٢٢٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ .(٥٣٥/٣‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٢٩٧/١‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (٣٠٢/١‬ﺗﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (١٠٢/٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪.(٢٩٦-٢٩٥/٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﶈﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ )‪ (١٦٥/٥‬ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ )‪ (٨٦/١٣‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺋﻖ )‪ (١٢٠/٦‬ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﻳﺔ )‪ (١٦٢/٣‬ﳎﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‪‬ﺮ )‪.(١٠٩/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺳﻜﻮﺗﻪ ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺳﻜﻮﺗﻪ ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢٧‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٣٩/٨‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﹶﳌﺒ‪‬ﺴﻮﻁ )‪ (١٣٩/٣٠‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٤٠٥/٧‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪٢٢٠/١‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٠٠/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٧٧/٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (١٩٧/٣‬ﰲ ﺗﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٢٢٠/١‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻮﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺗﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٧٣٤‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺱ‪..‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾﹺ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﲟﺜ ﹺﻞ ﻗﻴﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻭ ﲟﺜ ﹺﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻐﺎﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ]ﺑﻪ[ ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺾ‪/‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﳌﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤١٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺑﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﺟﺎﺋ ‪‬ﺰ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺰ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﺭ‪‬ﺛ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﻘﻴﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٤١٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﹶﻭﺻﻰ ﹺﺑﺄﹶﻥ ﻳﺒﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‬
‫ﻚ ﺃﹶﺣﺪ‪‬ﳘﺎ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﺃﺻﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺑﺎﻵﺧ ﹺﺮ‬ ‫ﻀﻬ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﰲ ﺻﻔﻘ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ‪‬ﺓ ﻓﻘﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺛﻮﺑ ﹺ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤١٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻤ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ]ﻋﻠﻴﻪ[ ﺑﺄﹶﺻ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻤ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﹶﻋﻄﻰ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤١٧‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ ﻗﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊﹺ؛ ﻣﻦ‪ (٧)/‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﻛﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﺪ ﹶﻟ ﹺﺰ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ)‪ (٩‬ﺃﹶﻗﺒ ﹸﻞ ﺩﻋﻮﺍﻩ)‪.(١٠‬‬ ‫ﻁ ﺍﻟﺸﻲ ِﺀ ﻋﻨﻪ ﲟﺎ)‪ (٨‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪﻋﻲ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺜﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﻗﻴﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺮﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﺇﺳﻘﺎ ﹶ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٥٢‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻌﻪ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢٩‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪(٢٤١/٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٢٢/٥‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٢٩٢/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٣١/٦‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ .(٣٩/٣‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺋﻖ‬
‫)‪ (١٦٩/٧‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻳﻦ )‪.(١١٢/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﺣﺪﺍﳘﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻴﺬﻛﺮﻩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻼ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﻳﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ..‬ﻣﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻹﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﲟﻨﻊ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻹﻓﺮﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (١٤٤/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ٤٢٥/٣‬ﻭ‪.(٤٨٨‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﻭﺟﻬﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻻ‪» :‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻻﻥ«‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺃ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻌﻘﺒﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﻮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/١٢٠‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳌﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢٩‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٤٢/٨‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٧٣٥‬‬

‫ﻚ ﺃﹶﺣﺪ‪‬ﳘﺎ‪،‬‬
‫‪] -٢٤١٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺷﻴﺌﲔ ﺻﻔﻘ ﹰﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺑﺎﻵﺧ ﹺﺮ ﻋﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺳﺒﻴﻞﹲ؛ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳕﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﱂ‬
‫ﻭﺃﹶﺻﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﺮﺩ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻﺯﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻘﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ[)‪.(٢)(١‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳍﺒﺔ‬
‫ﱄ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪» :‬ﻗﺪ ﻗﺒﻀﺖ ﻟﻪ«‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٣‬ﱂ‬
‫ﺐﺇﹼ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻟﻮﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺻﻐ ‪‬ﲑ‪ ..‬ﻓﺄﹶﺣ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤١٩‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ)‪ (٤‬ﻭﺃﻗﺮ ﺑﺎﳍﺒﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﻟﻠﺮﺟ ﹺﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺩﻳﻌ ﹸﺔ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ‪» :‬ﻗﺪ ﺗﺼﺪﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﻚ ﻗﺒﻀ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﻷَﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻲ َﺀ ﰲ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ)‪.(١) (٥‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ«‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﹶﳌﺒ‪‬ﺴﻮﻁ )‪ (١٤٤/٣٠‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﳌﺄﺧﻮﺫ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺻﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻳﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻠﻔﺎ ﰲ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻒ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺣﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻒ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭﻡ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٩٤/٣‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (١٤٤/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪.(٤٢٥/٣‬‬
‫ﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ »ﻭﺟﻪ«‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ‬ ‫ﺻ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺑﺄﻥ ‪$‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ #‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺺ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ )‪ (١٥١/٥‬ﺇﻧﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ »ﻭﺟﻪ ﺷﺎﺫ«‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻨﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﲔ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪﻫ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻗﺪ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ" ﰒ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺗﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﻇﻬﺮ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺵ‪ ،-‬ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻠﻔﺎ ﰲ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻒ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﳝﻴﻨﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﻠﻚ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺭﺟﻮﻉ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﲟﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﺮﻑ ﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (١٤٤/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪.(٤٢٥/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ ،(٢٤٢/٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (١٤٤/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪-٤٢٤/٣‬‬
‫‪ (٤٢٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٦٢/٤‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪) :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺺ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻔﻴﻊ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪ (...‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ‪ .‬ﰒ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﺍﳍﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫‪ ٧٣٦‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺾ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍ ﹺﺭ ‪-‬ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻟﻪ‪ -‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻕ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹺﻞ ﺑﺒﻌ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٢٤٢٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺒﻀﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﺒﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ)‪ (٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻘﺺ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٢١‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪) :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ‪ (٥‬ﺃﺟﺎﺯ ]ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺺ ﰲ[ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻌﺔ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٢٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ)‪ (٧‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ :‬ﻻ ﲡﻮﺯ)‪ (٨‬ﺻﺪﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺭﻫﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻉ)‪.(٩‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻯ‬
‫‪ -٢٤٢٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻼﻥ)‪ (١‬ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‪» :‬ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻷﺣﺪﻛﻤﺎ«‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒﻴ‪‬ﻦ )ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ..(٣)/(٢‬ﺃﺣﻠﻔﺎ)‪(٤‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺣﻠﻔﺎ ﲨﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻜﻼ‪ ..‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﺬﻱ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺣﻠﻒ ﺃﻧﻚ ﻻ ﺗﺪﺭﻱ ﳌﻦ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺣﻠﻒ‪ ..‬ﻭﻗﻒ)‪ (٥‬ﺃﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎ)‪.(٦‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٦٠/٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺏ ﻻ ﳛﻮﺯ ﻷﺑﻨﺎﺋﻪ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺮ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺰﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪" :(٢٢٨/٥‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﻪ ﺍﻷﺏ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ ﲝﻖ ﻭﻻﻳﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻀﻪ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﲢﺖ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﲢﻮﻳﻞ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤٠٠/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤٠٧/٥‬ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ )‪" :(٤١٤/٥‬ﻭﻻ ﳝﻠﻚ‪...‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﻫﻮﺏ‪ ...‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺏ ﻟﻮﻟﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ‪ ...‬ﺇﻻ ﺑﻘﺒﺾ ﻛﻘﺒﺾ ﺍﳌﺒﻴﻊ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺾ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪.(٢٦١/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪. ‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ‪ ‬؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻳﻜﻪ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ ،(٢٢١٣‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﺟﻌﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻌﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎﻝ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺴﻢ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻌﺔ‪ ،(١٦٠٨) ،‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ ‪$‬ﻗﻀﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻔﻌﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﱂ ﺗﻘﺴﻢ‪.#‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺢ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(٤٧‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﻘﺴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﻘﺴﻢ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٦١/٨‬ﺑﺪﺍﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﺋﻊ )‪ (١٢١/٦‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺋﻖ )‪.(١٦٣/٦‬‬
 ‫‪٧٣٧‬‬

‫ﺖ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ)‪(٧‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻜ ﹶﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‬

‫ﻒ ﻟﻜ ﱢﻞ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٢٤‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﳛﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﳍﻤﺎ ﻭﺣﻠﻔﺎ ﲨﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..(٨)/‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﳍﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻴﻤ ﹸﺔ ﺩﺍ ﹴﺭ ﺃﹸﺧﺮﻯ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﺟﻼﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٧٠‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺄﺣﻠﻔﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻭﻗﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻗﻴ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷﻡ‪ (٢٦٤/٨) ‬ﻭﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ‬ﻣﻮﺍﻓ ‪‬ﻖ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﲢﺎﻟﻒ ﺍﳌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋﻴ‪‬ﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫)ﺹ‪ (١٤٧‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﲢﻠﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺻﺎﺣ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٣٨٣-٣٨٢/٨‬ﺃ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺍﺩﻋﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﺣﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﳌﻦ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺬﱠﺑﺎﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻧﻜﻞ‪ ..‬ﺿﻤﻦ ﻛﺎﻟﻐﺎﺻﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺣﻠﻒ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺻﺪﻗﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺻﺪ‪‬ﻗﺎﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺧﺼﻮﻣﺔ ﳍﻤﺎ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﳋﺼﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺻﻄﻠﺤﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﺍﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺍﺩﻋﻴﺎ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻬﻤﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :-‬ﳘﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺍﺩﻋﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻳﺪ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺣﻠﻒ ﻭﻧﻜﻞ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪ ..‬ﻗﻀﻲ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺣﻠﻔﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻧﻜﻼ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺘﺘﺴﺎﻗﻄﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ ﻓﻜﺄﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺑﻴﻨﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﺘﺤﺎﻟﻔﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺣﻠﻔﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻜﻼ‪ ..‬ﻭﻗﻒ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﺪ‪ ‬ﺭ ﺑـ)ﻗﻴﻞ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﳐﺎﻟﻒ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٣٨٣-٣٨٢/٨‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٥١٧/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٥٠-٣٤٩/٦‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬
‫)‪ (٨٦/٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٩٢/٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٣٢/٦‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪" :(٣٨٣-٣٨٢/٨‬ﺇﻥ ﻧﻜﻼ‪ ..‬ﺃﻗﺮ ﰲ ﻳﺪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺣﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ ..‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻟﻒ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺣﻠﻔﺎ ﻣﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﰲ ﻳﺪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎ" ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﲢﺘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٧‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٥٣‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٧٣٨‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹰﺔ ﺑﺎﻟ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺔ‬
‫ﻒ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﺧﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٢٥‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺩﻋﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﻤﺎ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻪ ﺛﻮﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪ ..‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻪ ﺛﻮﺑ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫‪ -٢٤٢٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٣‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺮﺟ ﹴﻞ)‪ (٤‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻣﺎ ﹲﻝ ﻭﺗﻜ ﱠﻔ ﹶﻞ)‪ (٥‬ﺑﻪ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﳌﺎ ﹺﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﹶﳘﺎ‬
‫ﲨﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﻫ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﺷﺎﺀ؛ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻔﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ )ﺑﺄﺻﻞ ﺍﳊﻖ‪.(٧)(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٢٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﺔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﺮﺋﲏ)‪(٤) (٣‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫‪ -٢٤٢٨‬ﻭﺍﳊﻮﺍﻟﺔ)‪ (١‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻞ)‪ (٢‬ﹺﺑﺪ‪‬ﻳﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺇﺫ ﺍﺑﺮﺃﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺃﻓﻠﺲ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻠﺲ‪/١٢٠)/،‬ﺏ( ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﺃﻭ ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻄﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺩﻳﻌﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻧﺼﻔﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(٥١‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ .(٢٦٤/٨‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ‬
‫)‪.(١٣١/١١‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٣٨٣/٨‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺣﻜﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻏﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻧﻜﻞ؛ ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪@ :‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﳍﻤﺎ ﻫﻞ ﺗﺪﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻏﲑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ؟ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺎﻻ‪ :‬ﻻ‪ ..‬ﺃﺣﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻗﻒ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﳍﻤﺎ!‪ ،‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻋﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻐﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﳍﻤﺎ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺩﻋﻴﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺩﻳﻌ ﹰﺔ ﻋﻴ‪‬ﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﺑﺎﻹﻗﺮﺍﺭ ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻐﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻐﺮﻡ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻻ ﻳﺪﻋﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﺩﻋﻴﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﻤﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ‪@ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ!‪ ..‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺔ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﲏ ﱂ ﺃﺭ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺣﻜﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺘﻜﻔﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﳊﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٨‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٤٣٧/٦‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٢٤٧/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٦٤/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ( ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٠٨/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٥٨/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٧‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٤٢٠/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٣١/٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ( ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬
‫)‪ (٢٢٣/٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٩٥/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٢٦/٤‬‬
 ‫‪٧٣٩‬‬

‫‪ -٢٤٢٩‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ)‪$ :(٦‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﹸﺃﺣ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻞ ]ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ[ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻲ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻊ‪.(٧)#‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺘﺎ ﹺﻝ)‪.(٩‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٣٠‬ﻭﻻ ﲡﻮﺯ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻟ ﹸﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﺣﺎﺿ ﹴﺮ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﲟﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻴ ﹶﻞ‬
‫‪ -٢٤٣١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﰉ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺘﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﻗﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻠﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﳚﱪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﺲ)‪.(١٢‬‬ ‫ﻼ)‪ (١١‬ﺑﺒﺪﹺﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﰒ ﻏﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ‪ ..‬ﺣﹺﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٤٣٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻜ ﱠﻔ ﹶﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺗﻜﺮﺭﺕ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺣﺘﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺑﺮﺍﱐ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺑﺮﱐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻉ‪ :‬ﻋﻘﺪ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺩﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻣﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻣﺔ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻫﻮ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٩٣/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺘﲔ؛ ﺃﻋﲏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﲨﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻗﺪ ﻫﻠﻚ ‪‬ﻗﺒ‪‬ﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(٥٥-٥٤‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٦٨/٨‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﹶﳌﺒ‪‬ﺴﻮﻁ )‪.(١٤٦/٣٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ‪ ‬؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻟﺔ ﻭﻫﻞ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻟﺔ؟ )‪ ،(٢٢٨٧‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﲢﺮﱘ ﻣﻄﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﲏ‪ ،(١٥٦٤) ،‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪" :‬ﻣﻄﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﲏ ﻇﻠﻢ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﹸﺗﺒﻊ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻲ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺘﺒﻊ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺭﻭﺍﻫﺎ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ ،(٦٧٤/٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ،(٤٧٩/٤‬ﺍﳌﺴﻨﺪ‬
‫)‪.(٨٩٣٨ :٥٠٢/١٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺣﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٢٢٨/٤‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﶈﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﻳﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻴﻞ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺭﺿﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺭﺿﺎﻩ ﻗﻄﻌ‪‬ﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﻴ ﹸﻞ‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻏﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻜﻔﻮﻝ ﺑﺒﺪﻧﻪ ﻏﻴﺒﺔ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻌﺔ ‪-‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ ﻭﻳﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺧﱪﻩ‪ ..-‬ﻓﻼ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻜﱠﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﺣﻀﺎ ‪‬ﺭﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﺮﻑ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﺇﺣﻀﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﳝﻬﻞ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻹﻳﺎﺏ ﻟﻴﺤﻀﺮﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻀﺖ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﻭﱂ ﳛﻀﺮﻩ‪ ..‬ﺣﺒﺲ‪.‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٧٤٠‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺖ)‪ (١‬ﻏﻼﻣﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎ ﹴﺭ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎﺋ ‪‬ﺔ ]ﺩﻳﻨﺎ ﹴﺭ[ ﺃﻭ ﻭﻛﻴﻠﻲ‪..‬‬‫‪ -٢٤٣٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻟﺮﺟ ﹴﻞ‪» :‬ﻣﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻲ«‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﺯﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٣٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻣﺎ ﻗﻀﻰ ﺃﻭ ﺷﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻓﻼ ﹲﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﺍﻥ ﻓﻼ ﹲﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ«‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ‪.(٥)(٤)/‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٣٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﻜﻔ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳌﺄﺫﻭ ﹸﻥ ﻟﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ)‪.(٦‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔﹶ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟﻞ‪ ..‬ﹶﻗﹺﺒ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬‫ﺐ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺼﺎ ﹴ‬ ‫ﻼ ﺑﻄﻠ ﹺ‬‫‪ -٢٤٣٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﻭ ﱠﻛ ﹶﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺣﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﳊﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﺃﺣﺪ‪‬ﻩ ﺣﱴ ﳛﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﶈﺪﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ﻟﻪ ﻭ)‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺺ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﻓﻮﺟﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺻﺤﻬﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺇﺣﻀﺎﺭﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٢٤٠/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٥٨/٤‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ (٢٤٤/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ( ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(٢٠٥/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺬ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺑﻄﻼﻥ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﳚﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﻘﹰﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺘ‪‬ﺎ ﻻﺯﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪(٢٣٦/٣‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٣٤٨/١‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٤٤/٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﻣﻦ ﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﻴﻞ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﻴﻞ ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﻛﱢﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪.(٣١٧/٦‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﺫﻥ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻟﻮ ﺃﺫﻥ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﻤﻦ‪ ..‬ﳉﺎﺯ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﺃﻭﱃ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺃﺟﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/١٢١‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﻘﹰﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺘ‪‬ﺎ ﻻﺯﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﱂ ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺿﻤﺎﻧﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺃﰊ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻔﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺓ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(٥٦‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٧٠/٨‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍ ﹶﳌﺒ‪‬ﺴﻮﻁ )‪ (١٤٨-١٤٧/٣٠‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٣٠٩/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٤٣-٢٤٢/٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﺃﺻﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﺺ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻻ ﻭﺟﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٧٤١‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫‪ -٢٤٣٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٣‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺮﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺩﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻓﺬﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻛﻴﻠﹸﻪ ﻭﺻﺪ‪‬ﻗﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﺃﺟﱪﻩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﱪﺃ‪ (٤)/‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﱪﺋﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﻛﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻃﺮﻕ‪ :‬ﺃﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻇﻬﺮﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻊ ﻗﻄﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٩٤/٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻨﻊ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٧١/٨‬ﻭﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪(١١٠‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺻﺮﻳﺢ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺯ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(٢٤٠‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﺫﻥ ﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻓﺘﻨﺤﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﻔﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﱄ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﻋﻔﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﰲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﻗﻮﺩ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ‬
‫‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﱄ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻄﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻷﺷﺒﻪ ﺃﻭﱃ ﺑﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪" :(٥١٧/٦‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﺎﺋﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻫﺎﻫﻨﺎ ]ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ [(١١٠‬ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻮﺍﺯﻩ ]ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ [(٢٤٠‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺑﻞ‬
‫ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﲪﻠﻮﺍ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻮﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﻊ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﻛﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫»ﻓﺘﻨﺤﻰ ﺑﻪ« ﻋﻦ ﻗﺮﺏ ﻣﻮﻛﻠﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺴﺘﻮﰲ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﳊﻀﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺪﺭﺍﻙ ﻋﻔﻮﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺏ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥٥‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٣٥٦/١‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٢٧٨/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٩٤/٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻛﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺇﺛﺒﺎ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺀ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﺤﺢ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﺍﱄ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٣٢٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺤﺢ ﺍﳌﺎﻭﺭﺩﻱ )‪ (٥١٧/٦‬ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﲟﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻛﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪،(٥٨‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٧١/٨‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﹶﳌﺒ‪‬ﺴﻮﻁ )‪ (١٤٩/٣٠‬ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﶈﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ‬
‫)‪ (٥٤٠-٥٣٩/٤‬ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ ﶈﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ )ﺹ‪ (٤٠٧‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ )ﺹ‪ (٤٨٣‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺤﺎﻭﻱ )ﺹ‪.(١٠٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٥٤‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٧٤٢‬‬

‫‪ -٢٤٣٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ﱠﻛﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺼﻮﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯﺕ ﻭﻛﺎﻟﺘ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﳛﻀﺮ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺧﺼﻢ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٣٩‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﺇﻻ ﲝﻀﻮﺭ ﺧﺼﻤﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫‪ -٢٤٤٠‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺪﻋﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ؛ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺣ ﱢﻘﻲ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫] ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨﻲ[ ﺑﺘﺜﺒﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺑﻜ ﱢﻞ )ﻗﻠﻴ ﹴﻞ ﻭﻛﺜ ﹴﲑ‪ «(٦‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺰﺩ)‪ (٧‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﲡﺰ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﱴ‬
‫‪ -٢٤٤١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ » :‬ﻭ ﱠﻛ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ﱠﻛﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٩‬ﻓﻴﻪ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﳌﺎ ﹺﻝ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻭﻛﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺟﱪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻴﻄﻪ ﺇﻳﺎﻩ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺃﺟﱪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬
‫ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(٦٠-٥٩‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٧٢/٨‬ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ )‪ (٧٦/١٩‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻳﻦ )‪ (٥٣٢/٥‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺋﻖ )‪ (١٨٣/٧‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٥٥٢/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٤٦/٤‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻃﺒﻌﺔ ﺑﻮﻻﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(١١٩/٧‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺟﱪﻩ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳌﱳ؛ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻁ ﺑﻮﻻﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣﻘﱡﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﺗﹾﺜ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ ﺭﻓﻌﺖ ﻓﻮﺯﻱ‪" :‬ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺃﺟﱪﻩ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺛﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻘﻮﻝ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪. ‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٧٣/٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﻘﺒ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﻧﺜﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺧﺼﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(٦٠‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪.(٢٧٢/٨‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻞ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺗﻮﻛﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎﳋﺼﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺭﺿﻰ ﺍﳋﺼﻢ؟‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳋﺼ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺭﺿﺎﻩ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻮ ﱢﻛ ﹸﻞ ﻣﺮﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻏﺎﺋﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺴﲑﺓ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻛﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺭﺿﻰ ﺍﳋﺼﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(٦١‬ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﶈﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ )‪ ،(٥٤٠/٤‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺤﺎﻭﻱ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ ،(١٠٨‬ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺪ )‪ ،(٣٠٦٣/٦‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ )‪ ،(٦٧/٤‬ﺍﳍﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺮ )‪.(٥٠٧/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺇﳕﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺣﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺜﲑ"‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﱄ ﻭﻛﺜﲑ ﱄ"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲡﺰ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳚﺰ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﻴﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٩‬‬
 ‫‪٧٤٣‬‬

‫)ﺯ(‬
‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺣﻜﻢ ]ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﺎﻳﻌﲔ[‬
‫ﻒ ﺩﺭﻫ ﹴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﲦ ﹺﻦ ﻣﺘﺎﻉﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ)‪](٤‬ﻟﻪ[ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ)‪،(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٤٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋﻰ)‪ (٣‬ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﺃﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ)‪ (٧‬ﺍﳌﺘﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﱂ ﺃﻗﺒﺾ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﻉ«‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ)‪.(٨‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻣﺖ)‪] (٦‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ[ ﺑﻴﻨ ﹲﺔ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺎ ‪‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺡ)‪ ،(٩‬ﰒ ﺷﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﰲ ﺑﻠﺪ ‪‬ﺓ)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﹸﺧﺮﻯ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻝ‪ /‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺠ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٤٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﰲ ﺑﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﺸﻬﺎﺩ ‪‬ﺓ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺪ ﹸﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ)‪ (١١‬ﺣﺎ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹺﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺔ‪] ..‬ﻗﺒﻠﺖ ﺷﻬﺎﺩ‪‬ﻤﺎ[)ﺯ( )‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﳚﻮﺯ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(٦٠‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٧٣/٨‬ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ )‪ (٧٠/١٩‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺽ ﻭﻻ ﺷﺮﺍ ٍﺀ ﻭﻻ ﺑﻴ ﹴﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺑﻮﻛﻴ ﹴﻞ ﰲ ‪‬ﺗﻘﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﻆ ﻭﻟﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫"ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻭ ﱠﻛﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ ﻗﻠﻴ ﹴﻞ ﻭﻛﺜ ﹴﲑ ﻫﻮ ﻟﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻭﻛﻴ ﹲﻞ ﺑﺎﳊﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹸﻛﱠﻠﻪ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ‪ ‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻇﺎﻫ ‪‬ﺮ ﻟﻔ ‪‬ﻈ ‪‬ﻪ ﻳﺘﻀ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٤٩٨/٦‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٢٧٩/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٩٥/٤‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ (٢٦٢/٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪(٢٢١/٢‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٦/٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺫﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺩﻋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻗﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺮﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻗﺎﻣﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻋﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﻟﺘﻔﺖ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺒﺾ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳊﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ‬
‫‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(٦٥‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٧٨/٨‬ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ )‪ (١٦٤/١٢‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﻧﻜﺎﺭﻩ ﻟﻠﻘﺒﺾ ﻣﺘﺼﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺼﺪﻕ ﺇﻻ ﺇﻥ ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻫﻮ ﲦﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﻴﻊ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﻳﺔ )‪ ،(١٨٨/٤‬ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻳﻦ )‪.(١٥٣/٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١١٤‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٧٥/٧‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٣٥٢/٢‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪(٣٩٦/٤‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ )‪ (٤٤٣/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ( ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٥٥/٢‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺨﺮﺝ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٩‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﻐﲑ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻐﲑ‪،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻻﻭﻝ ﺣﺮﻓﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٧٤٤‬‬

‫‪ -٢٤٤٤‬ﻭ]ﻗﻴﻞ[‪ :‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭ]ﺃﻫﻞ[ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪ :‬ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪] -٢٤٤٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻋﻨﺪﻱ‪ ..‬ﺳ‪‬ﻨ ﹲﺔ؛ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪$ :‬ﻻ ﲡﻮﺯ ﳍﺎ ﻋﻄﻴﺔ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ‪.[(٢)#‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﳜﺮﺝ‬
‫‪ -٢٤٤٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ]ﻟﺮﺟ ﹴﻞ[ ﲞﺪﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺟﺎﺋ ‪‬ﺰ ﺇﻥ ﺧﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ)‪ ..(٤‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ)‪.(٥‬‬‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝ)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ﲪ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚﹸ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ‪ ..‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻠ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻁ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻩ‪" :‬ﹸﻗﹺﺒﻠﹶﺖ ﺷﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﺗﻬ‪‬ﻤﺎ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﻠ‪‬ﺘﻔﹶﺖ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺮ ‪‬‬‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺘﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺪ ﹲﺓ ﺗ‪‬ﻘﺒ ﹸﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺷﻬﺎﺩ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻐﲑﺍ‪ ..‬ﹸﻗﹺﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﳉﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮﺡﹺ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺷﻬﺎﺩ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻓﺎﺳﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺩ ﺷﻬﺎﺩ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﺣﲔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(٧٢‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٨٨/٨‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﹶﳌﺒ‪‬ﺴﻮﻁ )‪(١٥٢/٣٠‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻠﻲ )‪ (٣١٥/٤‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺍﱐ )‪ (١٦١/١٠‬ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﻌﲔ ﻣﻊ ﺇﻋﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٩٦/٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ ﻣﻊ ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪)" :(١٦١/١٠‬ﻭﻳﻘﺪﻡ( ﺍﳉﺮﺡ )ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ( ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﺡ )ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺎﺏ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻠﺢ‪ ..‬ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ( ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩ ‪‬ﺓ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﳉﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺖ ﺳﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﹸﻝ‪ :‬ﻋﺮﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪" :(٤٠٥/٤‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺘﲔ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳ ﹺﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴ ﹸﺔ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺟﺮﺡ ﺑﺒﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﻵﺧﺮ ﻓﻌﺪﻟﻪ ﺍﺛﻨﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳ ﹸﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﺧﺎﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ ،.‬ﻭﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬
‫ﺡ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﻳ ﹴﻞ"‪.‬‬‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺪ ‪‬ﱘ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﹸﺓ ﻋﻠ ﹴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺮ ﹴ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻦ ﺷﺮﻳﺢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﱄ ﻋﻤﺮ‪$ :‬ﺇﱐ ﻻ ﺃﺟﻴﺰ ﻋﻄﻴ ﹶﺔ ﺟﺎﺭﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﺣﱴ ﲢﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺣﻮ ﹰﻻ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ .#‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ ،(٤١٣/٦‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ )‪ (٣٢٤/١٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﱪﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (١٩٧/١٦‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪﺭ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺑﺴﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ؛ َﻷ ﱠﻥ ﻟﻠﻔﺼﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍ َﻷﺭﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﰲ ‪‬ﻴﻴ ﹺﺞ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺃﺷﻬﺮ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﻌﲔ )‪" :(٢٩٧/٤‬ﻭﹺﺇ‪‬ﻧﻤﺎ ﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭﻫﺎ ﺍ َﻷﻛﺜﺮﻭ ﹶﻥ ﹺﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺸﻬﻮﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃﹶﺛﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻣﻀﺖ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃﺷﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﲝﺴﻦ ﺳﺮﻳﺮﺗﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺧﺮﺝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ‬
‫‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(٨١‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٩٥/٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺤﺎﻭﻱ )‪ (١٦٣‬ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ‬
‫)‪ (١٨١/٢٧‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٣‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٢١٩/٨‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﺼﺢ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺇﻥ‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٧٤٥‬‬

‫‪ -٢٤٤٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺑﺄﻛﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻠ‪‬ﺜﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺛ ﹸﺔ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎ‪‬ﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺭﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﺫﻧﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﱂ ﳝﻠﻜﻮﺍ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺔ‪(٣)/‬؛‬
‫ﲟﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺜﻠ ﹸ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻣﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻵﺧ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫‪ -٢٤٤٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ]ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ[ ﻟﺮﺟ ﹴﻞ ﺑﺜﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ‪ ..‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﻠ ﹸ‬
‫ﳉ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﻘﻮﻝ ﺯﻳﺪ ]ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ[)‪.(٦)(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٤٩‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍ ﹶ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﺪﺭ‪‬ﺕ ﲟﺪ ‪‬ﺓ ﺗﺼﺢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﺘﺼﺢ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﻻ ﲡﻮﺯ ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺔ ﻭﻏﲑ ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٤٥٩/١‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١١٧/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ( ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤٥/٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(٥١/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﺟﺎﺯ‪‬ﻢ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(٨٣-٨٢‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٢٩٦-٢٩٥/٨‬ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ ﶈﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ )‪ (٧٤/٤‬ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ )‪ (١٤٧/٢٧‬ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﻳﺔ )‪ (٩٠/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ( ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ٤٤/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٤٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ٥٠/٦‬ﻭ‪.(٥٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻶﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٧٠‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻤﻴ ﹺﻊ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺍﺭﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﻠ ﹸ‬
‫ﻂ ﺍﻟﺜﻠ ﹸ‬
‫ﺴﹸ‬‫ﺠ ﹺﺰ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺛ ﹸﺔ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹺ‬
‫ﺚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻶﺧﺮ ﺛﻼﺛ ﹸﺔ ﺃﺳﻬﻢﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪،‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺃﺭﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﺳﻬﻢﹴ‪ ،‬ﻟﺼﺎﺣ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻧﺼﻔﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(٨٣‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٩٦/٨‬ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ )‪ (١٤٨/٢٧‬ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﻳﺔ )‪ (٩٨/٦‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻠﻲ )‪ (٦٣/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢١٨/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٥٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (/‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٥٧/٦‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٥/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺏ ﻭ ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻭﺗﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺃﺧﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻴ ‪‬ﻖ ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺎ ﹸﻝ ﹸﻛﻠﱡﻪ‬
‫ﻚ ﻫﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻣﲑﺍﺙ ﺍﳉﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﺧﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻫﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﻘﻮﻝ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ :‬ﻟﻸﺥ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻠﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(٨٤-٨٣‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪(٢٩٧-٢٩٦/٨‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ )‪ (١٨٠/٢٩‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺋﻖ )‪ (٥٥٩/٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻭﻱ )ﺹ‪ (٦١٣-٦١٢‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺃﰊ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﻛﻘﻮﻝ ﺯﻳﺪ ‪. ‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٤٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢١/٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٥/٦‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪(٤١٢/٦‬‬
‫‪ ٧٤٦‬‬

‫ﺥ ﻷﺧﻴ ‪‬ﻪ؛ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﺔ)‪ (١‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻠﺤﻖ)‪ (٢‬ﻧﺴﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ‬
‫‪ -٢٤٥٠‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺇﻗﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﻷ ﹺ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻖ ﻧﺴﺒﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬‫ﻳﻜﻦ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﺔ)‪ (٣‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٥١‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ‪ (٥)/‬ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻣﻌﺔ)‪.(٧)(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٥٢‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮ ‪‬ﺯ َﻷ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻠﺤ ‪‬ﻖ ﺃﹶﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺑﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻟﻮﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻐ ﹺﲑ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻑ ﺑﻪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺥ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻘﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ)‪.(٨‬‬ ‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻧﺴ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٥٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ)‪ (٩‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ]ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ[‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ؛ ﻛﺎﻥ ﲦﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺪﻓﻌﻪ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ؛‬
‫ﱯ ‪ ‬ﺍﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺯﻣﻌ ﹶﺔ ﺑﺄﺑﻴ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻪ ﺇﳕﺎ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻹﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻘﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﳊ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﳌﻌﺮﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (١٠‬ﺑﻔﺮﺍﺷﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٥٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (١‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ)‪ (٢‬ﻟﺮﺟ ﹴﻞ ﹶﺃﻣ‪‬ﺘﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻻ ﺯﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﳍﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﻟﺪﺗﺎ ﻭﻟﺪﻳﻦﹺ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﹶﺄﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻴ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻑ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﻬ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ‪ ..‬ﹸﺃ ﹺﺭ‪‬ﻳﻬ‪‬ﻤﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻓﺔﹸ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﳊﻘﻮﻩ ﺑﺄﺣﺪ‪‬ﳘﺎ‪ ..‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻖ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻭﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﻌﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺄﹶﺣﺪ‪‬ﳘﺎ ﺃﹶﻧﻪ ﺍﺑﻨ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﻠﺤﻘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﺣﺎﺋﺰ‪‬ﺍ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻘﺮ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ..‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﺣﺎﺋﺰﻳﻦ ﳍﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺙ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٥٥٧/٧‬ﻭ‪ (٦٢٤-٦٢٣‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﲝﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻭﺍﺭ ﹲ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٩٩/٨‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ (٣٢٢/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ( ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٦١/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪(١١٤/٥‬‬
‫ﺇﻋﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٩٥/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٥٥‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﻮ ﺳﻮﺩﺓ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﺛﺒﺖ ﺧﱪﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ ﰲ ﳐﺎﺻﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﰲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻭﻟﻴﺪﺓ ﺯﻣﻌﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺯﻣﻌﺔ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﺎﺯﻋﻪ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﰲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻭﻟﻴﺪﺓ ﺯﻣﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻀﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻣﻌﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪$‬ﺍﺣﺘﺠﱯ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻮﺩﺓ‪ .#‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ )‪ ،(٨٢٠/٢‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(٣٢٢/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﳌﺘﺸﺎ‪‬ﺎﺕ‪ ،(٢٠٥٣) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺍﺵ ﻭﺗﻮﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ‪.(١٤٥٧) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٦٢٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲟﻌﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٧٤٧‬‬

‫ﻉ ﺑﻴﻨ‪‬ﻬﻤﺎ)‪(٧‬؛ ﻓﹶﺄ‪‬ﻳﻬ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺧﺮ ‪‬‬

‫ﺝ ﺳﻬﻤ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﺍﻋﺘﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ‬ ‫ﻒ)‪ ..(٦‬ﺃﹸﻗ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﹾﺛﻨ‪‬ﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٥‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭﹶﻗﻘﹾﻨﺎ ﺍﻵﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫ﻳﻠﺤﻖ ]ﻧﺴ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ[ ﺑﺄﹶﺑﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﺛﹾﻪ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻓﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﺄﺷﻜﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻮﺭﺙ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﹲﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺰﻭﺟ ﹰﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻓﺮﺍﺷ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻠﻐﻮ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻠﺤ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺰﻭﺟﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﺍﺵ ﻻ ﺑﺎﻹﻗﺮﺍﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻒ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬ ‫ﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻴﲔﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﻌ ﱠﺬ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻴﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺎﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ﻳﻘﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣﻘﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﳌﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤ ‪‬ﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭ ﹶ‬
‫)‪ (٤١٧/٤‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(٣٢٢/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻓﺘﻌﺘﻖ؛ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻴﻼﺩ‪..‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٤١٦/٤‬ﻭﰲ ﻛﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ ...‬ﺃﻇﻬﺮﳘﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﳐﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ ﻭﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻧﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﺒﻬﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻭﺃﻗﺮ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‪ :‬ﻻ؛ ﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﻭﻟﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﰒ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻜﻬﺎ" ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﲟﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ‪ ..‬ﻻ ﳛﻜﻢ ﳍﺎ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﲎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(٣٢٠/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻧﺴﺐ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻧﺼﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﻌﻰ ﰲ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻣﻬﺎ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻧﺴﺐ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺛﺎﻥ ﻣﲑﺍﺙ ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﻌﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻣﻬﺎ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ ،(٨٦-٨٥‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٣٠٠/٨‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﹶﳌﺒ‪‬ﺴﻮﻁ )‪.(١٥٥-١٥٤/٣٠‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١١٥‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (١٠٦/٧‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٣٥٤/٢‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ (٤١٧/٤‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(٣٢٢/٢‬‬
‫‪ ٧٤٨‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻯ‬
‫‪ -٢٤٥٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍ ‪‬ﺩﻋﻰ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺩﺍﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﳉﺪ‪‬ﻩ)‪ (١‬ﻭ‪/١٢١)/‬ﺏ( ﺃﻗﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ)‪ (٢‬ﺩﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﺟﺪ‪‬ﻩ)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺙ ﻏﲑ‪‬ﻩ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٤‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳋﱪﺓ ﺑﺎﳌﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭ ﹲ‬
‫ﺙ ﻟﻪ ﻏﲑﻩ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﺍﳋﱪﺓ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﺃﺟﺰﻩ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺸﻬﺪﻭﺍ)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻧﻪ)‪ (٦‬ﻻ ﻭﺍﺭ ﹶ‬

‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺘﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ‬

‫ﺕ‬
‫ﻕ ﻭﻗﺒﹶﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺭﺛ ﹸﺔ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳌﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺛ ﹸﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺘﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻉ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﻼ ﹺ‬ ‫‪ -٢٤٥٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﺧﺘﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺃ ‪‬ﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﻗﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨ ﹶﺔ)‪ (١٠‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻴﻨ ﹲﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﻭ ﹺ‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺑﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﺘﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻋﻮﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺣﻠﻔﺎ ﲨﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻜﻼ ﲨﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ)‪ ..(١١‬ﻓﺎﳌﺘﺎﻉ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻒ ﺑﻌﻀ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﻟﺒﻌ ﹴ‬ ‫ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ‪ ..‬ﺣﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻧﺼﻔﺎﻥ)‪(١٢‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻮﺍﺀ‪ (١٣)/‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ )ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ‪ (١٤‬ﺃﻭ ﳍﻤﺎ ﲨﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻉ ﻫﻮ ﺣﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﳌﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﺘﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﻳﺮﺛﻪ ﻭﻳﻮﻫﺐ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﹶﻳﺪﻳﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ﻣﻘﺴﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺴﺎﺋ ﹺﺮ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ)‪ (١٥‬ﻭﳘﺎ )ﳛﻮﺯﺍ‪‬ﺎ()‪.(١)(١٦‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳊﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺸﻬﺪﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺸﻬﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺄﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٣٠١/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٨٣-٨٢/١٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲨﻴﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻧﺼﻔﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٥٦‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳛﻮﺯﺍﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻮ‪‬ﺑﺘ‪‬ﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٧٤٩‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﺎﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻰ )‪ (٤‬ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﹶﻭﺻﻰ ﲟﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ‬
‫‪ -٢٤٥٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ)‪ (٢‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹺﻞ)‪ ،(٣‬ﰒ ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ﻭﺻﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻸﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻸﻭﺳﻂ)‪.(٦)(٥‬‬
‫ﺻ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﺁﺧ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻮﺻﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﺳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٥٨‬ﻭﺗﺮﺟﻊ ﻭﺻﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﺮﻛﱵ ]ﻭ[)ﺯ( ﺃﻥ ﺗﻮﺻﻲ ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ«‬ ‫‪ -٢٤٥٩‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍ َﻷ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻝ‪» :‬ﻗﺪ ﺃﻭﺻﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺑﺘﺮﻛ ‪‬ﺔ ﻓﻼ ‪‬ﻥ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺖ ﺇﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻸ ‪‬ﻭﻝﹺ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪» :‬ﻗﺪ ﺃﹶﻭﺻﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻭﺻﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻟ َ‬
‫ﻓﺄﻭﺻﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﺑﺘﺮﻛ ‪‬ﺔ ﻧﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﱵ«)‪.(٨‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٣٠٢/٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣١٨‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٤٠٨/١٧‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٦٩٩‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٤٤٧/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٩٢/١٢‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٢٨/١٠‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬
‫)‪.(٤٢٤/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻭﺳﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٣٠٥-٣٠٤/٨‬ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ )‪ (١٥٣/٢٧‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺋﻖ )‪ (٥٢٩/٨‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻳﻦ )‪.(٧٠٦/٦‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٦‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٣٣٩/٨‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٤٨٦/٤‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ (٢٧٢/٧‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬
‫)‪ (٢٧٣/٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ( ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٧٦/٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٠٤/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(٣٤١/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻭﺃﰊ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻄﺤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺹ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺻﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺻﺎﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﺟﻞ ﰲ ﺧﺎ ‪‬‬
‫)ﺹ‪ ،(٩١-٩٠‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٣٠٥/٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺤﺎﻭﻱ )‪ (١٦٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٢٧٤/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣١٤/٦‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻠﻲ )‪.(٦٩/٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻗﻮ ﹲﻝ ﺛﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻲ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻴﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﺻﻲ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺫﻥ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻭﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤﻞﹸ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺍﻟﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﺣﲔ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻟﻮ ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻲ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺻﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺻﻲ«‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻲ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺃﻃﻔﺎﻟﻪ"‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(٢٧٤/٧‬‬
‫‪ ٧٥٠‬‬

‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﻮﺻ ‪‬ﻲ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺻﻐﺎﺭ ﻭﻛﺒﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ ﺩﻳﻦ ﻭﻻ ﻭﺻﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺒﻴﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪ -٢٤٦٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻈ ‪‬ﺮ)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺎﺭ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻈﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﳍﻢ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻈ ﹴﺮ ﳍﻢ‪ ..‬ﱂ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺰ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫‪ -٢٤٦١‬ﻗﺎﻝ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻭﺿﺔ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻕ‪ ..‬ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺃﻟﻒ‬
‫ﺐ‪ ..‬ﺃﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٦٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻳ ﹸﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﹶﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻫ ﹺ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺯ ﹸﻥ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ‪.(٦)(٥)/‬‬
‫‪) -٢٤٦٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ‪ (٧‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ)‪ ،(٢)(١‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻌﻪ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻐﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﳚﻮﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﺎﻉ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳑﺎ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺪ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻳﺒﺎﻉ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻦ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﹶﰊ ‪‬ﺣﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴﻠﹶﻰ )ﺹ‪ ،(٩٣-٩٢‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٣٠٧/٨‬ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ ﶈﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ )ﺹ‪ (٥٣١‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺤﺎﻭﻱ )ﺹ‪ (١٦٣‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺤﺎﻭﻱ )‪ (١٩٦/٤‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ )‪ (٧٣/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ١٨٨/٤‬ﻭ‪.(٣٢٢/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻛﺎ ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﺴﺒﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﺮﲝﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﻠﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺮ ﹴﻡ ﻭﳛﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻨﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪.(٢٧٩/٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٨٧/٤‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٣٠٨/٨‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٧‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٢٦٢/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٧٩/٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢١٢/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤/٥‬ﺇﻋﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٠٥/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/١٢٢‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺍﳊﺴ ﹺﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٨٥/٩‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺤﺎﻭﻱ )ﺹ‪ (٢٣٢‬ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺪ )‪(٥٧١٤/١١‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ )‪ (٧٧/٢٦‬ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻪ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﺗﺘﻘﺪﺭ ﺑﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﳑﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺶ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺪ )‪ (٥٧١٦/١١‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ )ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ( ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ )ﺍﺛﲏ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻟﻒ( ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺯﻧﻪ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺯﻧﻪ ﺳﺘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٧٥١‬‬

‫‪ -٢٤٦٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻳ ﹸﺔ‪ ..‬ﺍﻹﺑﻞﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺋ ﹲﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺑ ﹺﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺻﻔﻬﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪ (٤)/‬ﰲ )ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ ﻭﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ‪ ،(٦)(٥‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﺎﺋ ﹰﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺫﻫﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ..‬ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ)‪ (٧‬ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪] ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺍﻋﻠﻢ[‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻋﻮﺯﺕ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﺖ‪.(٢)(١)/‬‬
‫ﺖ)‪ (٨‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳ ﹸﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻋﻮﺯﺕ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﻐ ﹰﺔ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺑﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ﹸﻜ ﱡﻞ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻓﺮﻗﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺒﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺪ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻂ ﻭﺻﺤﺐ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻷﻋﻈ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‬
‫‪ ، ‬ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻗﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺪﺓ ﰒ ﻋﺰﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻱ ﻭﻭﻻﱠﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎﺗﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﲑ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﺍﳌﻀﻴﺔ )‪ ،(١٢٢/٣‬ﻭﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺟﻢ‬
‫)ﺹ‪.(٣١٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﶈﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ )ﺹ‪ ،(٥٥٤ :١٢٠‬ﺍﻟﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺍﳊﺴ ﹺﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪.(٨٥/٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ‪$‬ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‪) #‬ﺹ‪ (٥٥٤ :١٢٠‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺍﳊﺴ ﹺﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪،(٨٥/٩‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ )ﺹ‪ (٩٨٠ :٢٢١‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪.(٢٦٩/٦‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ (١٥٤٨ :٨٥٠/٢‬ﺑﻼﻏﹰﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﻛﻢ ﻫﻲ؟ )‪ ،(٤٥٤٢‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‬
‫‪ ، ‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٧١‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻛﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ‪ ، ‬ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻗﺘﻴﻞ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﺘﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻁ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺑﻄﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻫﺎ‪ .#‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪(٦٥٣٣ : ٨٨/١١‬‬
‫ﻭ)‪ (٦٥٥٢ :١١٠/١١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳏﻘﻘﻮ ﺍﳌﺴﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ ﲝﺠﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻮﻁ‪ ،(٤٧٩١) ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ‪ (٤٥٤٧) ،‬ﻭ)‪ (٤٥٤٨‬ﻭ)‪ (٤٥٨٨‬ﻭ)‪ (٤٥٨٩‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﻙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺔ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ ﻣﻐﻠﻈﺔ‪ (٢٦٢٧) ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ )‪ (٦٠١١ :٣٦٤/١٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ )‪-١٠٤/٣‬‬
‫‪ ،(١٠٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪.(٤٥/٨‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﻠﻌﻲ ﰲ »ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻳﺔ« )‪ (٣٣١/٤‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻥ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻀﺮﻩ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٧‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺟﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٧٥٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٥٧‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٨١/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ( ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٥٦/٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣١٩/٧‬‬
 ‫‪٧٥٣‬‬

‫‪6 PF‬א‪ 7B‬س‪ E١‬‬

‫‪ -٢٤٦٥‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ]‪ :[‬ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺎﻳﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻭﺟﻮﻩ؛‬
‫ﻋﻄﻴﺘﺎﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺑﻜﻼﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻲ‬ ‫‪ -٢٤٦٦‬ﻓﺎﻟﱵ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻻ ‪‬ﻳﺤ‪‬ﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ]ﻓﻴﻬﺎ[ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺒﺾ‪ ،‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺗﺘﻢ‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪‬ﺎ‪-‬‬ ‫ﺻ ‪‬ﻲ)‪ (٦‬ﻟﻪ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪-‬ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﹸﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻮﺗﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮﺩ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﹸﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻮﺭﺛ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ)‪ (٨‬ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺒﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺧﻼﻑ‪ (٩)/‬ﺍﳍﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺾ ﺍﳌﻌﻄﹶﻰ ﺑﺄﻣ ﹺﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻄﻴﱵ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﳍﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻜﻼ ﹺﻡ ﺍﳌﹸﻌﻄ‪‬ﻲ ﻭﻗﺒ ﹺ‬ ‫‪ -٢٤٦٧‬ﻭﺇﺣﺪﻯ‬
‫ﺴﱢﻠ ﹾﻄ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺒﻀ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﻘﺒﻀﻬﺎ)‪ ..(١٢‬ﻓﻼ)‪ (١٣‬ﺷﻲﺀ ﻟﻪ)‪.(١٤‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻄ‪‬ﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪(١٥‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫‪ -٢٤٦٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺒﺲ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺑﻜﻼ ﹺﻡ ﺍﶈ‪‬ﺒﺲﹺ‪) ،‬ﻓﻼ ‪‬ﻳﺤ‪‬ﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺾ)‪.(٢)(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺒﺎﺱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻄﻴﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٠٤/٥‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٣٣‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٢٤٨/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٦٤/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺻﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭﺻﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭﺻﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺣﺘﺎﺝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٨٥‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٠٦/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٤٣-١٤٢/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻭ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٠٦/٥‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٣٤‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٥٣٥/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٦٦-٣٦٥/٥‬ﻭﻭﺍﻓﻘﻪ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳍﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳍﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﻻ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺇﳚﺎﺏ ﻭﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻔﻆ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﻭﳝﻠﻚ ﺑﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﺍﺣﺘﺎﺝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٧٥٤‬‬

‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻤ ‪‬ﺮ)‪،(٣‬‬

‫ﺲ ﺍﻷَﺻ ﹶﻞ ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ‪ ‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٦٩‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠ ﹸﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﷲ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺰﻝ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻟﻮ ﺑﲎ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﺌﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﻟﻠﺴﺒﻴ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻭ)‪ (٥‬ﷲ‪ ..‬ﱂ‬
‫‪ -٢٤٧٠‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ]ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ[ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ]ﻓﻴﻪ[)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳊﺒﺲ؛ َﻷ ﱠﻥ ]ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ[ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹶﻞ ﻟﻮ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻷﺫﺍ ﹶﻥ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﻚ ﲨﻴﻊ ُﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎ ِﺀ ﻭﺇﻥ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹶﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﻫ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺌ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ)‪ ..(٨‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺒﺴ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﲨﻴ ﹺﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎ ِﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟﻴ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬ ‫‪(١١‬‬
‫ﻚ ﰲ ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﺒﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻪ‪/١٢٢)/‬ﺏ( ﻓﻬﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌﺪ‪‬ﻯ‬ ‫)ﺫﺍ ﺑﻨﺎ ٍﺀ‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٧١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‬
‫ﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃﺧ‪‬ﺬﻭﺍ)‪ (١٣‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺅﻭﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﶈ‪‬ﺒ ﹺ‬
‫ﺲ‬ ‫ﺤ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪ ..‬ﺭﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﻬﹺﻤﺎ ﺷﺎ َﺀ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺔ)‪ (١‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎ ِﺀ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ] ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻩ[ ﰲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺒﺾ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٠٥/٥‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٣٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٤٢/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ‪ ،(٢٧٣٧) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ‪،‬‬
‫)‪.(١٦٣٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(١٢٤/٥‬ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺁﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﱄ ﺻﺪﻗﺘﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺕ ﹶﻟﻜﹶﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻔﺼﺔ"‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" :(١١٠/٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻛﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﻣﻜ ﹶﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﺘ‪ ‬ﹶﻜ ﱡﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻳﻠﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻣﺎﺗﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥﱠ ﻧﻘ ﹶﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﱂ ﻳﺰﻝ ﻳﺘﺼﺪﻕ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(٥١٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺴﺠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﹶﻠﺤ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﹶﺴﺎﺩ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﳓﻮ ﺣ‪‬ﺒﻞ ﻳ‪‬ﺒﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮﻣ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺩﺍ ﹴﺭ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺷ‪‬ﺄﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺭﻣ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﺮﻣ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮﻣ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮﻣ‪‬ﺔ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٢٨١/٣٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٢٢/٢١‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮﺑ‪‬ﻊ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﺑﻌ‪‬ﻴﻨﹺﻬﺎ ﺣﻴ ﹸ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺫﻭﺑﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺫﺍﺑﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺫﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺘﻌﺪﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺄﺧﺬﻭﺍ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٧٥٥‬‬

‫‪ -٢٤٧٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪ ..‬ﺭﺟﻊ)‪] (٣‬ﺑﻪ[ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋ ﹺﻊ‪) ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ‪ (٤‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﱄ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﺪﻣ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺇﺗﻼﻓﹶﻪ‪ ..‬ﻳﻐﺮﻡ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ‪(٥)/‬؛‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻭ ﹶ‬
‫ﻷﻧﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺃﺗﻠﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﻘﻮﺻ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﺃﻫ ﹸﻞ ﺍﳊﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺺ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺻﺤﻴﺤ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻣﻨﻘﻮﺻ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﷲ ﺃﻭ ﺿﺤﻴ ﹰﺔ)‪ (٦‬ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮ ﹺﻝ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺑﺪﻧ ﹰﺔ ِ‬ ‫‪ -٢٤٧٣‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﺛﻬﺎ)‪ (٨‬ﻭﺭﺛ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳊﺒﺲ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﹸﻝ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ)‪ (٩‬ﻣﻦ)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﳊﺒﺲ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗ ﹸﺔ ﻵ ﹺﻝ ﳏﻤ ‪‬ﺪ‪(٢)#‬؛‬ ‫‪ -٢٤٧٤‬ﻭﻣﻌﲎ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪- ‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪$ : -‬ﻻ ﲢ ﱡﻞ‬
‫]ﻫﻲ[ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﻭﺿﺎﺕ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﳊﻢ ﺑﺮﻳﺮﺓ‪$ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺹ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﻟﻌﺒﻬﻢ‬‫ﺻ ﹸﺔ‪ :‬ﻛﻞ ﺑ‪‬ﻘﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﻭ ﹺﺭ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﲰﻴﺖ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻻﻋﺘﺮﺍ ﹺ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺮﺣﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٢٩/١٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﻮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ )‪ (٤٦٦/٥‬ﻭﰲ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺗﺼﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻳﺴﲑ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﺻﺤﺖ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﶈﻘﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﺨﻄﻮﻁ!‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ"ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﰲ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﻳﻨﻔﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻵﺩﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﻗﻒ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ" ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ،(٣٢٢‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٨٩/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٨٨/٥‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺗﻠﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺟﻨﱯ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺪﻱ‪ ..‬ﺿﻤﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳ‪‬ﺸﺘﺮﻯ ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺜﻼﹰ؛ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﻗﻔﹰﺎ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٢٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٩١/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٩٢/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺜﺒ‪‬ﺖ؛ ﻟﺌﻼ ﳚﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﻭﻏﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻷﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﺬﻛﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻮﻟﱠﻰ ﻫﺪﻣﻪ ﻭﺇﺗﻼﻓﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻐﺮﻡ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻝ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﺭﺟﻊ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٥٨‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺿﺤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺸﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١١٣-١١٢/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢١٠/٣‬‬
‫‪ ٧٥٦‬‬

‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺣﲔ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪@ :‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻈ ‪‬ﻢ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻄ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻮﻻ ﹲﺓ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻨﺎ ﻫﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،(٤)#‬ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﻔﺼﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ! ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ $ :‬ﹶﻗﺮ‪‬ﺑﹺﻴ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٦‬ﻓﻘﺪ)‪ (٧‬ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﳏﻠﻬﺎ‪.(٨)#‬‬

‫‪0Œ 'z‬ز‪ x D7‬‬

‫‪ -٢٤٧٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﹶﺻ ﹸﻞ ﻣﺎ ﳚﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺒﺲ‪ :‬ﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﲝﺪﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﲔ)‪ (١٠‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭ ﹺﺭ ‪-‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ -‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻗﻴ ﹺﻖ ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺑﻌﻴﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﹶﻗ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍ َﻷ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ ﹲﺔ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﺑﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻨﻢ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻔﻌ ﹸﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻠ ﹸﺔ ]ﻓﻴﻪ[ ﻭﺍﻟﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳛﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻆ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﻏﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ (١٣ :١٠٠٠/٢‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ (٦٩٣٩ :٥٠/٤‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪$ : ‬ﻻ‬
‫ﲢﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﶈﻤﺪ ‪ ‬ﻭﻻ ﻵﻝ ﳏﻤﺪ ‪.# ‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺁﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ‪ ،(١٠٧٢) ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪$ :‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗ ﹶﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻵ ﹺﻝ‬
‫ﺤ ﱡﻞ ﶈﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻻ ﻵ ﹺﻝ‬
‫ﺱ ﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺕ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻭﺳﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ‪ #‬ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ‪$ :‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﻫﺬ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﳏﻤ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ،‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻭﺳﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﳏﻤ ‪‬ﺪ‪.#‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١١٨/٥‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(٥١٧-٥١٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﱄ ﺃﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ (١٤٩٣) ، ‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭ)‪ (١٤٩٥‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ‪ ‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﺑﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﳍﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﱯ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠٧٣‬ﻭ)‪ (١٠٧٤‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ‪ ‬ﻭ)‪ (١٠٧٥‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ‪. ‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺟﻮﻳﺮﻳﺔ ‪ ‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﺮﻳﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺮﺑﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ (١٠٧٣‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﺑﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﳍﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﱯ ‪ ... ‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍ ﹶﳌ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻣﻠﻜﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺟﻮﻳﺮﻳﺔ ‪. ‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٢٠-١١٩/٥‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٣٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣١٤/٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٧٧/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ )ﺹ‪ (١٣٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣١٤/٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٧٧/٢‬‬
 ‫‪٧٥٧‬‬

‫ﺏ ﻋﻴﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﺎﻧ ‪‬ﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﻔﻌ ﹲﺔ ﺑﻐﻠ ‪‬ﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻧﻘﻼ ﹺ‬ ‫‪ -٢٤٧٦‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺃﻥ ﲢ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻐﲑﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺠﺮ)‪ (١‬ﺎ ﺍﻧﻘﻠﺒﺖ ﻋﻴﻨ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﻴﻌﺖ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ﹴ‬‫ﻣﺜ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﺎﻧﲑ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﭐ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﺎﻧﲑ‪‬؛ ﻓﻠﻬﺬﺍ)‪ (٤‬ﹸﻛ ﹺﺮﻫ‪‬ﺖ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻉ)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺻ ﹸﻞ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻂ ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻝ ﺑﻐﲑﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻜﻤﺎ)‪ (٢‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳﺒﺎ ‪‬‬

‫‪fV9‬א‡‪ W7‬‬
‫‪] -٢٤٧٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺃﺻﻞ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﳊﺒﺲ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ]ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ[‪@ :‬ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺣﺒﺲ ﺻﺪﻗﺔ! ﺃﻭ‬
‫@ﺻﺪﻗﺔ ﳏﺮﻣﺔ! ﺃﻭ @ﺻﺪﻗﺔ‪ (٧)/‬ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﺔ! ﺃﻭ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪@ :‬ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺣﺒﺲ!)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺒﺴ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪] (١٠)/‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ[‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻮﺍ ٌﺀ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻗﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫‪ -٢٤٧٨‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ)‪ (٩‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺄﻋﻴﺎﹺﻧﻬﹺﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻐ ﹺﲑ ﺃﻋﻴﺎﹺﻧﻬﹺﻢ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪@ :‬ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺣﺒﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﺲ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳﺨﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫‪ -٢٤٧٩‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺣﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻭﻟﺪﻱ!‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻟﺪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲡﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﺒﺎﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ )ﺹ‪ (١٣٦‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٥١٩/٧‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (٧/١٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٧٧/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٢٥٣/٦‬ﻭﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣١٥/٥‬ﻭﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (٧/١٢‬ﻭﺟﻪ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻭﻗﻒ ﺍﻷﲦﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺄﺟﲑﻫﺎ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﲜﻮﺍﺯ ﺇﺟﺎﺭ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٧٧/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺻﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/١٢٣‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٢١/٥‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٣٣‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٥١٨/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٢٢/٥‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺼﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٥٩‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٢٠/٥‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٥٢٠-٥١٩/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٣١/٥‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ )ﺹ‪ (١٣٦‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ‬
‫)‪.(٣١/١٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٧٥٨‬‬

‫ﺙ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻟﺪﻱ!‪ ..‬ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ﻛﻤﺎ ﳚﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺪ ﹸ‬‫‪ -٢٤٨٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻓﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ‪@ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻟﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮ ﹸﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﲔ ﺑﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﻛﺬﺍ! ﻓﻴﻤﻮ ‪‬‬‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻭﻟﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻟﺪﻱ!‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪@ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻛ ﹺ‬
‫ﺙ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﻢ)‪ ..(٣‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﳍﻢ ﻭﳌﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﻢ)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻣﺌ ‪‬ﺬ‪ ، (٢)/‬ﻭﳛﺪ ﹸ‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﺒ‪ ‬ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﱠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ)‪،#(٥‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺍ َﻷ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٨١‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ]ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ[‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ $ : ‬ﺣﺒ‪ ‬ﹺ‬
‫ﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮ ‪‬ﺓ)‪(٦‬؛ ﻭﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﺨﻠ ‪‬ﻖ‬ ‫ﺲ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺪ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺤ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ‪ ‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺃﹶﺻ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺨ ﹺﻞ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﺟﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺲ!‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﺣﺒﺴ‪‬ﺎ)‪(٧‬؛ َﻷ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻻ ﺃﺻ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫‪ -٢٤٨٢‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺟﻞ‪@ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺴﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺣﺎﺋﻄﹰﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻮﻣﺌ ‪‬ﺬ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻟﺪﻱ ﻭﻣﻦ ﳛﺪﺙ!‪) ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ‪‬؛ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٨٣‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪.(١٠)(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٨٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻭﻟﺪﻱ ﻭﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻟﺪﻱ! ﻭﱂ ﻳﺰﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﺩﺧ ﹶﻞ ﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻚ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺻﻠﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﻭﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭ)‪ (١١‬ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺎﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺪﺧ ﹸﻞ ﰲ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻁ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٢٠/٥‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٣٣‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٥٢٠/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣١٧/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪.(٣٢٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٨٦‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺳﻘﻄﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(١٢٥/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺣﺒﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻓﻴﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳑﻠﻮﻛﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣١٥-٣١٤/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺠﺎﺋﺰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(١٢٥/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٧٥٩‬‬

‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﻪ ﲝ ﱢﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺎ)‪ (٢‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬

‫ﺕ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ..‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺾ ﹶﻗﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﳊﺒﺲﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﹸﻗ ِ‬
‫‪ -٢٤٨٥‬ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ..‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﰒ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫‪] (٣) -٢٤٨٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ[ ﻭﺍﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻭﻟﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻟﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻘﺒ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﻮﺍ!‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻟﻸﺑﺪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺽ ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﻳﻨﻘﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٤٨٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻭﻟﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻟﺪﻱ!‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶ‬
‫ﻂ ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺐ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹾﻠ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺉ‬
‫ﻚ‪ ..‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٨٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻭﻟﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻟﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﱠﰒ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻘ‪‬ﺒﻬ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﻮﺍ! ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﺰ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻘﺒﻬﻢ)‪ (٧‬ﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﻮﺍ؛ َﻷﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﱂ‬ ‫ﺚ‪ ..‬ﺩﺧ ﹶﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄ ﹺﻦ ﺍ َﻷ ‪‬ﻭ ﹺﻝ ﰒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺑﻠ ﹶﻎ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟ ﹶ‬
‫ﻀ ﹾﻞ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ ﰲ ﻧﻴﺎﺑ ‪‬ﺔ)‪ (١١)(١٠‬ﻣﱴ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺩ‪‬ﺎ ﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺟﻌﺖ ﺃﻭ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺮﻁ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ‬ ‫‪ -٢٤٨٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٩‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮ ﹶ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻃﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﳚﻮﺯ‪ (٢)/‬ﺫﻟﻚ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺸﻲ ٍﺀ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ‪/١٢٣)/‬ﺏ( ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻮﺿ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻼ)‪ (٣‬ﳚﻮﺯ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ)‪،(٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٥٢٨/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٣٦/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٢١‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٨٨/٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ‬
‫ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪" :(٧١/١٢‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﺺ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ" ﻭﱂ ﺃﺟﺪ ﻣﻮﺿﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻳﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻘﺎﺭﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﺸﲑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺳﻘﻄﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻻﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺷﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻳﺸﺒﻬﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (١٢٦/٥‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٣٤/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻘﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺍﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٣٣٥/٥‬ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴ ﹺ‬
‫ﺐ ﻻ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬
‫ﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻄ ﹴﻦ ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻙ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻄ ﹴﻦ‬
‫ﺐ ﰲ ﲨﻴ ﹺﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺼﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊﹺ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻳﻌﺘ ‪‬ﱪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻄ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻏﲑ‪‬ﻩ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﺡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺒ‪‬ﻐﻮ ‪‬‬‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﹶﻗﺮﺏ‪ ،‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻓﻠﻢ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌ ﱠﻘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﺧﻼ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪" :‬ﺑﻨﺎﻳﻪ"‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﳌﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳍﺎﺀ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻧﺎﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﹶﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﻳ‪‬ﻨﻮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻧ‪‬ﻮﺑ ﹰﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﹶﺻﺎﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻧﺰ ﹶﻝ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺋﺒ ﹸﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ﹺﺯﹶﻟ ﹸﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )ﻧﻮﺏ(‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪ ٣١٢/٤‬ﻭ‪(٣١٥‬‬
‫)ﻧﻮﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٧٦٠‬‬

‫ﻁ ﺷﺮﻭﻃﹰﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴ ﹺﻊ ﱂ‬

‫ﺲ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺷﺘﺮ ﹶ‬
‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻄﻴ ﹲﺔ ﻳﺼﻨ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎﺀَ‪ ،‬ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺒ ﹺ‬
‫ﳚﺰ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪ -٢٤٩٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ]ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ[‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻗﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ!‪ ..‬ﻓﺄﻗﺮﺑﺎﺅﻩ‬
‫ﻼ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﺟﻢ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻛ ﹰ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺲ ﻟﻸﻗﺎﺭ ﹺ‬
‫ﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻗﺎﺭﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻷَﻗﺎﺭﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳊﺒ ‪‬‬
‫‪] -٢٤٩١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺣﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺣﺒﺲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺜﲏ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻫﻢ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٩٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ]ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ[‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺣﺒﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﺄﻫﻞ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﺃﻗﺎﺭﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٩٣‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺇﱃ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱄ!‪ ..‬ﻓﺄﻗﺎﺭﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺷﺮﻃﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٦٠‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(١٣٤-١٣٣‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺛﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﱘ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﲎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ" ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (١٣٧‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪.(٦٦/١٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻗﺎﺭﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٤٥١/١‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ٣٣٨/٥‬ﻭ‪.(١٧٢/٦‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﺟﻢ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻭﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﺙ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﻳﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٤٥١/١‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻏﻠﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ" ﻭﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٣٨/٥‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (٦٨-٦٧/١٢‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻟﻜ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺏ ﹶﻏﱠﻠﻄﹸﻮ ‪‬ﻩ ﻓﻴﻪ" ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﺒﲔ ﱄ ﺃﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻫﻮ ﺗﺎﺑ ‪‬ﻊ ﻟﻨﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺣﺴﲔ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺭﺣﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ‪.-‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻟﻔﻆ‪" :‬ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ" ﳛﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﳛﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻵﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪(١٧٨/٦‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‪.‬‬‫ﻭﰲ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (٨١/١٢‬ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺘﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻧﻘ ﹰ‬
 ‫‪٧٦١‬‬

‫‪ -٢٤٩٤‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﱃ ﺃﻗﺎﺭﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢٤٩٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻷﻫﻞ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻭﻻﺩ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﳍﻢ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺜﲏ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٩٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺣﺒﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺸﲑﺗﻪ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﺮ‪‬ﻓﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺼ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺑﻌﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﹸﻋ ‪‬ﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺸ ‪‬ﲑ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪@ :‬ﺑﲏ ﲤﻴﻢ! ﻓﻼ ﳛﺼﻮﻥ ﺑﻌﺪﺩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛ ﹲﺔ)‪ (٥‬ﻓﺼﺎﻋﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﺻﻴﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮﺍﺀ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٤٩٧‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ ﳍﻢ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﻮﻡ ﺑﺄﻋﻴﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻯ ﻛﻢ ﻳﺼﲑ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ‬
‫ﲔ ﻭﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴ ﹺﻞ!‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٤٩٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺣﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻛ ﹺ‬
‫
‬ ‫ﷲ ﺟ ﱠﻞ ﻭﻋ ‪‬ﺰ‪ :‬‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻓﺼﺎﻋﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ؛ ] َﻷ ﱠﻥ ﻫﺆﻻ ِﺀ ﻗﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﺼﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﻮﺍ ﺑﺄﻋﻴﺎ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍ ُ‬

‫

  )‪ (١٠‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺛﻼﺛ ﹰﺔ ﻓﺼﺎﻋﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﺑﺜﻼﺛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗ ﱡﻞ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳﻌﻄﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺆﻻ ِﺀ ﺛﻼﺛ ﹲﺔ ﻓﺼﺎﻋﺪ‪‬ﺍ[؛ َﻷ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻉ ﻣﺴﺎﻛﲔ)‪.(١١‬‬‫ﻉ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﲨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﲨﺎ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٥٢٩/٧‬ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٤٥١/١‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﺘﻮﻱ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺎﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﺳﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ "ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ" ﺃﻭ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺣﺪﺙ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻌﻞ ﺃﺻﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪" :‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱄ‪ ..‬ﻓﺄﻗﺎﺭﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ"‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪..‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ )ﺹ‪ (١٣٨‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٢٣٣/٨‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (٧٧/١٢‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٥٢١/٧‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻣﻜﻦ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻛﺎﻟﻔﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻛﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٥٢٠/٧‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (١٣٨-١٣٧‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٢٣٣/٨‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪.(٧٧/١٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺃﻋﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪.٦٠ :‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٢٣١/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ٣٢٠/٥‬ﻭ‪ (١٧٠/٦‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪.(٧٧/١٢‬‬
‫‪ ٧٦٢‬‬

‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒ ﹾﻞ ﺁ ‪‬ﺧﺮ‪‬ﻫﺎ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻓﺎﻧﻘﺮ ‪‬‬

‫ﺽ‬ ‫ﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻟﺪﻱ!‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ @ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺟﻨﱯ)‪ !(٢‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٤٩٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (١‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ @ :‬ﺣ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺒﺴ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (٥‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺒ ﹺ‬
‫ﺱ ﺑﺎ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﺭﺟﻌﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺃﹶﻗﺮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ)‪ُ (٤‬ﺣ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ‪ (٧)/‬ﺣ‪‬ﺒﺴ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (٨‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﺒﻴﻌﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻬﺒﻮ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺒ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٢٥٠٠‬ﰒ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻗﺮﺏ ﻓﺎﻷﻗﺮﺏ ﺑﺎ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﻳﻀﻊ ﹶﻏﱠﻠﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺿﻮﺍ‪ ..‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌﻠﹶﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺣﺒﺴ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻛﲔ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺘﻬﹺﻢ‪.(١١)/‬‬
‫ﺼﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٠١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ]ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ[‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﺲ‪ /‬ﻣﻦ ﻋﺼﺒﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺱ ﺑﺎﶈﺒ ﹺ‬ ‫‪ -٢٥٠٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻗﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ)‪ (١٢‬ﺷﻲﺀ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫ﺕ‬‫ﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﹶﺟﺎﺯ ‪‬‬‫‪ -٢٥٠٣‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ]ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ[ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﷲ)‪ (١٤‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ]ﻗﺪ[ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ)‪ (٢‬ﺭﺟﻌﺖ‪) ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ‪ (٣‬ﻟﻪ ﻣﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺟﻨﺒﻴﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺣﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺟﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺣﺒﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﻔﹰﺎ ﻣﻨﻘﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻵ ‪‬ﺧﺮﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺻﺢ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﱪﺓ ﺑﻘﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ ﻻ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺤﻘﺎﻕ ﺍﻹﺭﺙ‪ .‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (١٣٣‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٥٢٢/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٢٦/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ( ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٨٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٦١‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺣﺒﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٨٦‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺲ‬
‫ﺱ ﺑﺎﶈﺒ ﹺ‬
‫ﺐ ﻭﻳﺮﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻭﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻑ ﻻ ﻳﺒﺎﻉ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻮﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻣﻮﻗﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٣‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪" :(٤١٩/٤‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻮﺭﺙ"‪ .‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﻛﻮ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺒﺴ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ" ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺃﺭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ﺣﺒﺴ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻗﺎﺭﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻛ ﹺ‬
‫ﺫﻛﻮﺭ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺩﻳﺮ )‪ (٨٥/٤‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺎﺙ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٧٦٣‬‬

‫ﷲ ‪ ‬ﻣﲑﺍﺛﹶﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺯﺍ ﹶﻝ)‪ (٧‬ﻣﻠ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﱃ ﺑﻪ ‪-‬ﺇﺫ)‪ (٤‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﺒﺒﻪ)‪ (٥‬ﻣﻨﻪ‪ -‬ﻣﻤ‪‬ﻦ)‪ (٦‬ﻧﻘ ﹶﻞ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻟﻮ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺃ ‪‬ﻓ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠﻬﺎ ﺟﺎﺯ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺜ ﹺﻞ ﻣﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﺻ‪‬ﻴﺮ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺯﺍ ﹶﻝ ﻣﻠ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻴﺎ ‪‬ﺓ‪ ..‬‬
‫ﺙ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﳝﻠﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ]ﻛﺎﻥ[ ﳝﻠﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻﺀ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﳌﲑﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻮﻟﹾﻨﺎ ﻣﻠ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪ -٢٥٠٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺣﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣ‪‬ﻮﺍ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻲ! ﻭﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﺍ ﹴﻝ‬
‫ﺃﺳﻔﻞ ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﻮﻗﻒ)‪ (٩‬ﺣﱴ ﻳﺼﻄﻠﺤﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ‪ ..‬ﱂ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻣﻮﺍ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ! ﻭﻟﻮﻟﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺍ ﹴﻝ‬ ‫‪] -٢٥٠٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ[ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﻟﻴﻪ؛ ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻮﺍﻟﻴﻪ ]ﺧﺎﺻﺔ[‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻟﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﻟﻴﻪ)‪ ،(١٣‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ]ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ[ ﻣﻮﺍﱄ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺀ ﳍﻢ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻨﺴﺒﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﻻﺩﻫﻢ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺁﺑﺎﺋﻬﻢ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻮﺍﻟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﺴﺒﺐ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﳑﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻧﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺍﱄ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻮﻗﻔﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٢١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٣٨/٥‬ﻭﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﰲ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (١٥١/١٢‬ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﺣﻜﻰ ﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺧﺎﻣﺴ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﹰﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺼﻄﻠﺤﻮﺍ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻘﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ" ﻭﺗﻌﻘﺒﻪ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﻮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ )‪" (٢٤٣/٦‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﻓﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﱄ ﻗﻮﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﰲ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻳﻮﻗﻒ‬
‫ﻱ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﰲ )‪ ،(١٨٠/٦‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺺ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻼﺡ"‪ .‬ﻭﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪.(١٦٩/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺍﱄ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ )‪.(٢٤٢/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺍﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٧٦٤‬‬

‫‪] -٢٥٠٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ[ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺣﺒﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻟﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻬﺎ ﺇﱄ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺿﻮﺍ!‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﳊﺒﺲ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺲ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺒ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٢٥٠٧‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺒﺲ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﺮ‪‬ﻯ)‪ (٤‬ﹶﺃﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‪  ‬ﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﳌﻦ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺮ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪/‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٠٨‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ )ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :(٣‬ﺣﺪﻳ ﹸ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻳﺒﻄ ﹸﻞ ﺷﺮ ﹸﻃ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺍﳌﻌ ‪‬ﻤﺮﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﹶﺑﻄ ﹶﻞ ﺷﺮ ﹶﻃ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﻣﻮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﺃﹶﺯﺍ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺏﻋ ‪‬ﺪ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺑﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٣٧١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٢٥/٥‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (٤١/١٢‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪" :(٤١/١٢‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻣﻠﻜﹰﺎ ﻓﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﻟﲔ؛ ﺃﺧﺬﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻤ‪‬ﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ‪ ..‬ﻳﺘﺄﺑﺪ ﺣﻜﻤﻪ ﻛﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻠﻜﹰﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺻﺮﺡ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺑﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ ،-‬ﺃﻭ ﺟﻌﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻚ ﻋﻤﺮﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻚ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻚ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ‪-‬ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﺮ‪‬ﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﺮﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﺸﺖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺣﻴﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﻘﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳍﺎ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﳍﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﳍﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻤﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻤ‪‬ﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﺄﻇﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟ ﹺ‬
‫ﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻟﻮﺭﺛﺘﻚ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻌﻘﺒﻚ!‪ ..‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳍﺒﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻃ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ‪@ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﱄ ﺃﻭ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺭﺛﱵ ﺇﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻣﻴﺘ‪‬ﺎ!‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﳍﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺖ‪ ..‬ﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﺇ ﱠ‬‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪@ :‬ﺟﻌﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻚ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﻻ ﻋﱪﺓ ﺑﺸﺮﻃﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٧٠/٥‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ (٤٨٠/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪ (٤١٠-٤٠٩/٥‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٠١/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٦٢‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳍﺒﺔ ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻗﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻗﱮ‪(٢٦٢٥) ،‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﺮﻯ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﳌﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫﺒ‪‬ﺖ ﻟﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳍﺒﺎﺕ ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﻯ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ (٢٥/١٦٢٥‬ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪$ :‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﺮ‪‬ﻯ ﳌﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫﺒ‪‬ﺖ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪.#‬‬
‫ﻭﳌﺴﻠﻢ )‪ (٢٦/١٦٢٥‬ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪$ :‬ﺃﻣﺴﻜﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﻟﻜﻢ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻔﺴﺪﻭﻫﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺮﻯ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻟﻠﺬﻱ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮﻫﺎ ﺣﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻣﻴﺘ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻟﻌ ‪‬ﻘﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻪ‪.#‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺑﻄﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻳﺒﻄﻞ ﺷﺮﻃﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﻮﺩ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻮﺭﺛﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻤ‪‬ﺮ ﻟﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٥٩٢-٥٩١/٨‬‬
 ‫‪٧٦٥‬‬

‫ﺱ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺒﺴ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (٢‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬

‫ﺻﻠﹶﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻤ‪‬ﺮﻯ ]ﻋﻠﻰ[ ﻣﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺲ ﻭﳚ ‪‬ﻌﻠﹸﻬﺎ ﻷَﻗﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺒ ﹺ‬
‫ﺻﻠﹸﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌ ﹺﻞ‬
‫ﺖ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻤ‪‬ﺮﻯ ﳌﻦ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٥٠٩‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺟﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺲ)‪ (٤‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؟‬ ‫ﳊ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹶ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻜﻨ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤﻠ‪‬ﻚ‬
‫ﺻﻠﹶﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮ ﹺﺭﺛﹶﻬﺎ ﻭ‪ ‬ﺭﹶﺛ‪‬ﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﹺﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻣﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥١٠‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪َ :‬ﻷ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌﻤ‪‬ﺮﻯ ‪‬ﻣﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﹶﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥١١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻭﺻﻴﺘﻪ)‪@ :(٥‬ﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪/١٢٤)/‬ﺏ( ﺣﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻟﺪﻱ ﻭﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﺎﺟ ﹺﻢ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﻮﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺚ‪ ..‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹺﺮﺟ‪‬ﺖ ﹶﻓ ﹸﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﺪﻱ! ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺭﺛ ﹲﺔ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪﻩ‪‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤﻠﹶﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﻠ ﹸ‬
‫ﺖ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﻟﻠﻮﻟﺪ)‪ ..(٧‬ﺩﺧ ﹶﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﲨﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﻭﺭﺛ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻭﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪ ‪‬ﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻠ ﹺ‬
‫ﺐ‪ ..‬ﻗﹸﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﳊﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻠ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٢٥١٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭﺩﺧ ﹶﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻭﺍﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺐ‪ ..‬ﻗﹸﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎ ِﺀ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﻟﻮﻟ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟﺼﻠ ﹺ‬
‫ﺖ ﻟﻮﺭﺛ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺭ)‪ (١١‬ﻧﺼﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﳌﻴ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺣﺒﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﶈﺒﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺻﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲨﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٧‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻮﺍﺭﺙ‪ ..‬ﻓﺘﺼﺢ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺙ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﱂ ﺃﺟﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺼﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٧٦٦‬‬

‫ﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪ ‪‬ﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‬

‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﳊﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ (١) -٢٥١٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ..‬ﹸﻗ ِ‬
‫ﺙ‬‫ﺐ‪ ..‬ﻗﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎ ِﺀ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻭﺍﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﻟﻮﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻠ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠ ﹺ‬
‫ﺖ ﻟﻮﺭﺛ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﳌﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺎﺭ ﻧﺼﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎ ِﺀ‬
‫ﲨﻬﹺﻢ ﻭﲨﺎ ﹺﺟ ﹺﻢ ﻋﺪ ‪‬ﺩ ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻠ ﹺ‬ ‫‪ -٢٥١٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ )ﺍﻟﻮﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻟﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ..(٢‬ﹸﻗ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﲝ ﱢﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺃﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺐﹺ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻠ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻋﻤ ﹶﻞ ﰲ ﻧﺼﻴ ﹺ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛ ‪‬ﺔ)‪ (٣‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛ‪‬ﺘﻬﹺﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻟﻮﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‬ ‫ﺐ ﹸﻛﻠﱡﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﺍﻧﻘﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﺣ ‪‬ﻖ ﲨﻴ ﹺﻊ ]ﻭﺭﺛ ‪‬ﺔ[ ﺍﳌﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺽ ﻭﻟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻠ ﹺ‬‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‪.(٤)/‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻭﻭﺭﺛﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻭﺭﺛﻪ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻭﺛﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٦٣‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺠﺮ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٧٦٧‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א‪3 sq‬א_‪ E١F‬‬

‫ﺐ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻀ ‪‬ﺔ‬‫ﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ)‪ (٣‬ﺇﻻ ﺑﺬﻫ ﹴ‬ ‫‪ -٢٥١٥‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻲ‪ :‬ﻻ ﲡﻮ ‪‬ﺯ)‪ (٢‬ﺇﺟﺎﺭ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻷﺭ ﹺ‬
‫ ﺃﻭ ﺇﱃ)‪ (٥‬ﺃﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻣﻌﻠﻮ ﹴﻡ ﺑﺼﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺽ ﳑﺎ)‪ (٤‬ﺗﻨﺒﺖ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻨﺒﺘﻪ‪ ،‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮ ﹴ‬
‫ﻒ)‪(٦‬؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (٧‬ﻣ‪‬ﺨﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ﹲﺓ ‪‬ﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬ ﹺﻲ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﹺﺒﻲ‪.(٨)  ‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑ ‪‬ﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺍﻟﺜﻠ ﹸ‬
‫ﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑ ﹺﻊ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑ ‪‬ﻊ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺎﻗﺎ ‪‬ﺓ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻨﺨ ﹺﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨ ﹺ‬
‫ﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٥١٦‬ﻭﳚﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺍﻟﺜﻠ ﹸ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﰲ ]‪/١٧‬ﺏ[‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺗﻜﺮﺭﺕ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٢١/٥‬ﻭ‪ (٢٤-٢٣‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٥٤/٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ١٢٣‬ﻭ‪ (١٢٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ١٦٨/٥‬ﻭ‪ (٢٥٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ٣٠٤‬ﻭ‪ (٣٠٨‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ٣٢٤-٣٢٣/٢‬ﻭ‪.(٣٣٦‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻟﻠﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﺑﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﺍﺭﻋﺔ ﻓﺒﺎﻃﻠﺘﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺎﺑﺮﺓ ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﺎ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺬﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺰﺍﺭﻋﺔ ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﺎ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺬﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ‪- ‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﲡﻮﻳﺰ ﺍﳌﺰﺍﺭﻋﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﺮﻳﺞ‪" : -‬ﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﲜﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﳌﺰﺍﺭﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺎﺑﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺎﰊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻨﻒ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﳝﺔ ﺟﺰ ًﺀﺍ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻞ‬
‫ﻒ ﹶﺃﲪ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﲨﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻪ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﰊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﻬ ﹺﻲ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﻀﻄﺮﺏ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﰊ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺑﻄﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ﺣﺪﻳ ﹶ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ‬؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﱂ ﻳﻘﻔﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﳌﺰﺍﺭﻋﺔ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻻ ‪‬ﻳﺒ ‪‬ﻄ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﰊ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﳌﺰﺍﺭﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺎﺑﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺄﻭﻳﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﺯﺭﻉ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺇﺑﻄﺎﳍﻤﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺍ‪ ’.‬ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٦٨/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻷﻧﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﺑﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﳑﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺮﺏ ﰲ ﺣﺎﺋﻂ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﳔﻞ‪ ،(٢٣٨١) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﶈﺎﻗﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﺍﺑﻨﺔ ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﺑﺮﺓ‪.(١٥٣٦) ،‬‬
‫‪ ٧٦٨‬‬

‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﹺﺒﻲ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘ ‪‬ﺞ ﲟﺴﺎﻗﺎ ‪‬ﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺨ ﹺﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨ ﹺ‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﻘﻰ ﲟﺎ ِﺀ‬
‫‪ -٢٥١٧‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ﹺ‬
‫‪.(٦)‬‬
‫)ﺯ(‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺰﺭﻋ‪‬ﻬﺎ ]ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎﺀَ‪ ،‬ﻓﺰﺭﻋ‪‬ﻬﺎ[ ﺯﺭﻋ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫‪ -٢٥١٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻜﺎﺭﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻷﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ] ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹰﺓ[‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎ ِﺀ ﻣﺪ ‪‬ﺓ ﻛﺮﺍ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﺍﺀ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺰﺭﻋﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎﺀ)‪.(٩)(٨‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ‪‬ﺳﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﻟﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻪ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ﹺ‬
‫ﻉ ﰲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٥١٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺯﺭﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻌﻴﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﲰ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ..(١٠)/‬ﻓﻠﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺰﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﳚﻌﻞ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺪﺓ)‪.(١١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪" (١‬ﻭﺣﻘﻴﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳔﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺠﺮ ﻋﻨﺐ ﻟﻴﺘﻌﻬﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻘﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮﺓ ﳍﻤﺎ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ،(٣٢٢/٢‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٠٦/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٥٠/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ١٣/٥‬ﻭ‪ (١٤‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ )‪ (٢٥٤/٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٣‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪(١٣٥/٤‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٥٠/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ١٣/٥‬ﻭ‪ (١٥-١٤‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٤‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (١٣٧/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٧٠/٥‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻴﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﻓﺘﺠﻮﺯ ﺍﳌﺰﺍﺭﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‪ ...‬ﻭﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ‬
‫ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻌﺬﺭ ﺇﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻻﻧﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻞ ﺑﺴﻘﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺗﻘﻠﻴﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻣﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻓﺮﺍﺩ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﲡﺰ ﺍﳌﺰﺍﺭﻋﺔ" ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(٤٠٢/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﲟﺎﺳﺎﻗﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲟﺎ ﺳﺎﻗﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﲟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺘﻪ ‪ ‬ﻷﻫﻞ ﺧﻴﱪ ﺑﺸﻄﺮ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﲦﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺯﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ، ‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺮﺙ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﺍﺭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﺍﺭﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻄﺮ ﻭﳓﻮﻩ‪،(٢٣٢٨) ،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﲜﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺭﻉ‪.(١٥٥١) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١٢٩-١٢٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺸﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٩/٥‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٩‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (١١٥/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٠٠/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/١٢٥‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻴﺬﻛﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺰﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻄﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪" :(١٣٤/٦‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﺄﺟﺮ ﺃﺭﺿ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﻌﲔ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺰﺭﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺿﺮﺭﻩ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺿﺮﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺰﺭﻉ ﻣﺎ ﺿﺮﺭﻩ ﻓﻮﻗﻪ‪ ...‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﻱ ﺭ‪‬ﺁ ‪‬ﻩ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻉ ﺍﳌﻌﲔ؛ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ‬ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺭﹾﺃ ‪‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٧٦٩‬‬

‫ﺽ)‪ (٣‬ﳑﺎ ‪‬ﺳﻤ‪‬ﻰ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫‪ -٢٥٢٠‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪] :‬ﻟﻪ[)‪] (١‬ﺃﻥ[ ﻳﺰﺭﻋ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﻣﺎ)‪ (٢‬ﺳﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﻟﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺃﻧﻔ ‪‬ﻊ ﻟﻸﺭ ﹺ‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺽ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻷَﺭ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪ ﹸﺓ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺼﺪ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٥٢١‬ﹶﻓﹺﺈ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺭﻋ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺯﺭﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪ ‪‬ﺓ ﻓﺎﻧﻘﻀﻰ‬
‫ﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﺭﺿﻲ)‪.(٨)(٧‬‬‫ﻳﻘﻮ ﹶﻝ)‪ (٦‬ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺧ ﹾﺬ ﺯﺭﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﻧﺼﻔﹶﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﹶﻟ ﹺﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﻧﺼﻔﹸﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫‪ -٢٥٢٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻷﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﻓﻘﺒﻀ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﰒ ﺟﺎ َﺀ ﺳﻴ ﹲﻞ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴ ﹸﻞ)‪.(١٠‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﺮﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴ ﹸﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍ ِﺀ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﺳﻘ ﹶ‬
‫ﻂ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺎ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺼ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﳋﺼﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢١٦/٥‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻏﲑ ﺯﺭﻉ ﺍﳌﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺐ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄ ‪‬ﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﻛﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺟﻮﺍﺯﻩ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻮ ﹲﻝ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺬﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻌﻘﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﻮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ )‪ ،(١٥٣/٦‬ﻓﺎﻧﺘﻘﺪ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﺾ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺇﺫ ﻫﻮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﻰ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺰﻡ ﺑﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻣﺮﻭﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻘﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻠﺘﺮﺩﺩ ﰲ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺪﺭﻙ ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﳉﻮﺍﺯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (٢٥٣/١١‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﻮﻱ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺘﻌﻘﺒﻪ ﰲ @ﺍﳍﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻭﻫﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﻳﺔ!‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺘﺐ ﰲ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪@ :‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪) :‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺰﺭﻉ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲰﺎﻩ( ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺣﻜﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﲨﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ ‪$‬ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻳﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﺾ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‬
‫ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﲨﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﻯ ﺃﺭﺿ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺰﺭﻋﻬﺎ ﺣﻨﻄﺔ ﻓﺰﺭﻋﻬﺎ ﺷﻌﲑ‪‬ﺍ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻧﻔﻊ ﻟﻸﺭﺽ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻨﻌﻪ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺴﻄﻮﺭ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻯ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﲔ ﳓﻮ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺃﺳﻄﺮ!‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﳑﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﻮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ @ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ!‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٨/٥‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٩‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٤٠٩/١‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﻮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ )‪.(١٥٣/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (١٣٠/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢١٣/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻣﻘﺼﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﻭﺍﺿ ﹴﺢ ﱄ‪.‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٧٧٠‬‬

‫ﻕ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺷﻬ ﹴﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺷﻬﺮﻳ ﹺﻦ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍ ِﺀ)‪ (٢‬ﺑﻘﺪ ﹺﺭ ]ﺣﺼ ‪‬ﺔ[‬
‫‪ -٢٥٢٣‬ﻭﻟﻮ)‪ (١‬ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺭﻋ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻓﻐﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ)‪.(٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺃﹶﻗﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺯﺭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﹶﻳﺎ ﹺﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﻕ ﻧﺼﻔﹶﻬﺎ)‪ ..(٤‬ﻛﺎﻥ)‪ (١‬ﳐﲑ‪‬ﺍ ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺃﹶﺧ ‪‬ﺬ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪ -٢٥٢٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻛﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳ‪‬ﻘﺒﻀ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻴ ﹸﻞ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺑﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﲝﺼ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻓﺴ ﹺﺦ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍ ِﺀ)‪ ،(٣)/ (٢‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭﺍ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺾ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺰﺭﻉ‪ ..‬ﻓﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ١٦/٤) (٢٦/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺗﻠﻒ ﻭﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ؛ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﲝﺼﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺭﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﱂ ﺗﺴﻠﻢ ﻟﻪ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺯﺭﻉ‪ ..‬ﺃﺑﻄﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻠﻒ ﻭﻟﺰﻣﺘﻪ ﺣﺼﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺯﺭﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﺀ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١٢٩‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻏﺮﻕ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺍﻧﻔﺴﺨﺖ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪(٤٦٢/٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (١٩٣/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٦٣/٥‬ﺭﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ ٤٤٣/١‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ (٤٣٧/٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٦١/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﱂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﺽ ﻗﺪ ﻏﺮﻗﺖ ﺑﻜﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﺘﻤﻞ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻕ ﻟﻠﻨﺼﻒ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻉ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻇﺎﻫ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﺒﺎﺭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻷَﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻗﺪ ﻏﺮﻗﺖ ﺑﻜﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻌﺘﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺗﻨﻔﺴﺦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻰ ﻗﺴﻂ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺯﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﻻ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻓﺰﺭﻋﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﺰﺭﻋﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺽ ﻟﻠﺰﺭ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٦/٤) (٢٦/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪" :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻷﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺗﻠﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﻷﺭ ﹺ‬‫ﺾ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﺀ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺄﺟ ﹺﺮ ﻭﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺽ‪ ..‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺻﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺷﻲﺀ ‪‬ﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻷﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١٢٩‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٤٦٢/٧‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ١٦٥-١٦٤/٦‬ﻭ‪ (١٩٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ٢٤١-٢٤٠/٥‬ﻭ‪ (٢٦٣‬ﺭﻭﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ ٤٤٠/١‬ﻭ‪ ٤٤٣‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ (٤٣٧/٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٦١/٢‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻣﻀﻰ ﺷﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺷﻬﺮﻳ ﹺﻦ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﰲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ﹺ‬
‫ﻒ ﻗﺪ ﻏﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻳﻘﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻏﺮﻕ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺍﻧﻔﺴﺨﺖ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺟﺮﺗﻪ ﳌﺎ ﻣﻀﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﻓﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻔﺴﺦ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺟﺮﺗﻪ ﳌﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺦ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺟﺮﺗﻪ ﳌﺎ ﻣﻀﻰ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﺾ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺯﺭﻉ‪ ..‬ﹸﺃﺑﻄ ﹶﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻠﻒ‪،‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻭﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪" : (٢٦/٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﺍﻷﺭ ﹺ‬
‫ﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﺀ" ﻭﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١٢٩‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﺰﻣﺘﻪ ﺣﺼ ﹸﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺯﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٤٦٢/٧‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (١٩٣/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٦٣/٥‬ﺭﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ ٤٤٣/١‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ(‬
‫ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ (٤٣٧/٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٦١/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٧٧١‬‬

‫‪ -٢٥٢٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻛﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﺭﻋ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﹶﺻﺎﺑﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺟﺎﺋﺤ ﹲﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﺍ ُﺀ)‪ (٥‬ﻻﺯ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟﻪ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﺽ‪ ..‬ﱂ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻧﻔ ‪‬ﻊ ﻟﻸﺭ ﹺ‬ ‫‪ -٢٥٢٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﺗﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﺃﺭﺿ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺰﺭﻋ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺣﻨﻄ ﹰﺔ ﻓﺰﺭﻋ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺷﻌﲑ‪‬ﺍ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻨ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺸﺮ ‪‬ﻃ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٩‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ َﻷ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (١٠‬ﻳﻨ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(١٢)(١١‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(١٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٢٧‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺭﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺰﺭﻋ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺯﺭﻋ‪‬ﺎ )ﻳﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻪ‪ ..(١٣‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٢٨‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘ ‪‬ﺞ ﺑﹶﺄ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹶﻞ ﻟﻮ ﺗﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﺩﺍﺑ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻟﻴ‪‬ﺮﻛﺒ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻛﺒ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‪ (١٥)/‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺜﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺴ ﹺﻢ‬
‫ﳋ ﱠﻔ ‪‬ﺔ)‪.(١٦‬‬
‫ﻭﺍ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٢٩‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺗﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﺩﺍﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﻓﺄﺭﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻜﻨ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺜﻠﹸﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻭﻧ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻚ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺﺑﺴ‪‬ﻜﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻩ)‪ (١‬ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻜﻨ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٦٤‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ١٦/٤) (٢٦/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪" :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻟﻠﺰﺭﻉ ﻓﺰﺭﻋﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﺰﺭﻋﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺟﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺻﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺾ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﺀ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮ ﻭﺭﺏ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺗﻠﻔﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ" ﻭﺑﻨﺠﻮﻩ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١٢٩‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (١٦٤/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٤٠/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٧/٥‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٩‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ (١٦٢/٦‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (١٦٣/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٤٠/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺷﻌﲑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﺸﺮﻃﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٨/٥‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٩‬ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ )‪.(١٥٤-١٥٣/٦‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻀﺮﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٨/٥‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٩‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٤٠٩/١‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢١٦/٥‬‬ ‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/١٧‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٥‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٤٠٩/١‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٢٤/٥‬‬ ‫)‪(١٦‬‬
‫‪ ٧٧٢‬‬

‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻣﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ)‪ (٣‬ﺑﻪ ﳑﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺿﺮ)‪ (٤‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﺮﺍ ُﺀ‬
‫ﺽ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﺭﻋ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺧﻼ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٣٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﻌﺪ‪‬ﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷَﺭ ﹺ‬
‫ﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ)‪.(٧‬‬ ‫ﻉ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻧﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ﹺ‬
‫‪‬ﻣﹾﺜﻠ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٣١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎ َﺀ‪ ..‬ﹶﻗﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺳﻨﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺰﺭﻋ‪‬ﻬﺎ ]ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎﺀ[‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺽ ﻋﺸﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻷﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٥٣٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺋ ‪‬ﺰ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫ﻉ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫ﺱ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ﹺ‬
‫ﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﹶﻥ ﻳﻐﺮﺱ‪‬؛ َﻷ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٣٣‬ﻭﻟﻴ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻜﲎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٨/٥‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٤٠٩/١‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٢٤/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻀﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧ ﹶﺬ ﺍﳌﺴﻤ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺼﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺋ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﺰﺭﺍﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍ َﻷ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﺮ ﹺﺭ ﻣﺎ ﺍ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧ ﹶﺬ ﺃﺟﺮ ﹶﺓ ﺍﳌﺜ ﹺﻞ ﻟﺰﺭﻉ ﺍﻷَﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ١٧/٤) (٢٨/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪:‬‬
‫"ﺭﺏ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲰﻰ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺯﺭﻋﻪ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﻘﺼﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻁ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺮﺍ َﺀ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻉ"‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٩‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﺼﺖ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻁ ﺑﻮﻻﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ‪) :‬ﻋﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﻘﺼﻬﺎ( ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻁ ﺭﻓﻌﺖ ﻓﻮﺯﻱ‪) :‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﻘﺼﻬﺎ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳌﱳ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺇﻻ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻮﻻﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣﻘﱡﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﺗﺜﹾ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﰲ ﻁ ﺭﻓﻌﺖ ﻓﻮﺯﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٤٦٥/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢١٧/٥‬‬
‫ﺖ ﳝﻜ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺮﻱ‪ -‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻉ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺮﺏ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻗﻄﻊ‬ ‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٨/٥‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﻭﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺯﺭﻋﻪ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٤٦٤/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢١٨/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٩/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٩٦/٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٤٩/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٠٥/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٩/٥‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٩‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(٤٦٦/٧‬‬
 ‫‪٧٧٣‬‬

‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ)‪ (٢‬ﺯﺭﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻏﺮﺳ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﺍ ُﺀ‬
‫‪ -٢٥٣٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﻜﺎﺭﺍﻫﺎ)‪ (١‬ﻣﻄﻠﻘ ﹰﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺳﻨﲔ‪/١٢٥)/‬ﺏ( ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺴﻜﻨﻬﺎ؛‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻃ ﹲﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸﺒ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٤‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻋﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﺳﻨﲔ ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﻭﺑﻄﻨﹺﻬﺎ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫َﻷ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻷَﺭﺽﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻷَﺭ ﹺ‬
‫ﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻠﻌﻪ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫‪ -٢٥٣٥‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻜﺎﺭﺍﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﺮﺳ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺳﻨﲔ ﰒ ﺟﺎ َﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٣٦‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻋﻤ ﹶﻞ ﰲ ﻣﻠ ‪‬ﻜ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺄﹶﻣ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﲏ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﻗﻴﻤ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎ ِﺀ‬
‫ﺨ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫]ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ[ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٣٧‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﻘﻠ ‪‬ﻊ ﺑﻨﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﻩ ﻭﻏﺮ ‪‬ﺳﻪ‪‬؛ َﻷ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻓﻌﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٨‬ﳌﻨﻔﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﻧﻔ ِ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻤﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ١٨/٤) (٢٩/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪" :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﻜﺎﺭﺍﻫﺎ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺳﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺰﺭﻉ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻐﺮﺱ‪..‬‬
‫ﻛﺮﻫﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﻓﺴﺨﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻦ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻬﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺑﻄﻨﻬﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﻠﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺮﻃﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻊ ‪ ....‬ﻟﺰﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺮﻃﺎ ﺍﻹﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻃﻠﻘﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻣﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﺺ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻊ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ؛‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﺴﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﳊﻔﺮ ﻭﺃﺭﺵ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﳜﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻊ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺟﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻠﻌﻪ ﳎﺎﻧ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﻤ‪‬ﻌ ﹴﲑ ﺭﺟ ‪‬ﻊ‬
‫ﺺ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺘﻤﻠ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﻤ ‪‬ﺔ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪(٢١٥-٢١٤/٥‬‬
‫ﺵ ﺍﻟﻨﻘ ﹺ‬‫ﺨ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻠ ‪‬ﻊ ﻭﻳﻐﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺃﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻋﺎﺭﻳﺘﻪ؛ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ ٤٣٤/١‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ (٤٢١-٤٢٠/٢‬ﻭﰲ ﺣﻜ ﹺﻢ ﺍﳌﹸﻌ ﹺﲑ ﺇﻥ ﺭﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ﰲ ﻋﺎﺭﻳﺘﻪ ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻏﺮﺱ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲑ‪ ..‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤٣٨/٤‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ١٨/٤) (٢٩/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪" :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﺳﻨﻮﻩ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﺮﺏ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻗﻠﻊ ﺇﻏﺮﺍﺳﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳜﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺻﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺑﺜﻤﺮﻩ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﲦﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺍﺱ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻠﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻠﻌﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﺍﺱ ﻛﺎﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻣﻄﻠ ﹰﻘﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﺮﺏ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳜﺮﺟﻪ"‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١٣٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﻠﻌﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٧٧٤‬‬

‫ﻁ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮﺓ ﻟﻪ[)ﺯ(؛‬ ‫ﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎ ﹺﺭ ]ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺮ ﹶ‬

‫‪ -٢٥٣٨‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺗﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺃﺭﺿ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﳔ ﹲﻞ ﻭﻋﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺑﺪﺍ ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ ..(٢‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﺍﺀ)‪ (٣‬ﺑﺎﻃﻞ؛ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ‪ (٤)/‬ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺑﺪﺍ ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﻑ ﲦ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻤ ﹺﻦ ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺣﹺﺒﻪ‪‬؛ َﻷ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍ ًﺀ)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻛﺮﺍ ًﺀ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ]ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ[؛ َﻷ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺭ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ)‪.(١١)(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٣٩‬ﻓﺈﹺﻥ)‪ (٨‬ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺒ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ (٩‬ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﺀ)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﲔ‬
‫‪ -٢٥٤٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ]ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ[‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﲦ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺨ ﹺﻞ ﺃﹶﻗ ﱠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍ ُﺀ)‪ (١٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (١‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻞ ﲦﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﺍ ُﺀ)‪ (٣‬ﺑﺎﻃﻞ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿ ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺘﲔ ﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٣٠‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﻳﺔ )‪ ،(٤٣٠/٤‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺩﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺳﻮﻗﻲ )‪.(٤٧-٤٦/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺒﺪﻭﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٦٥‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺷﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺷﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺒﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﻌﺪﻡ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻘﺔ ﺇﻥ ﲨﻌﺖ ﻋﻘﺪﻳﻦ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎ ﹴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ ﻣﻮﺍﻓ ‪‬ﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ ١٨/٤) (٣٠/٥) :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﺄ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺄﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻋﻘﺪ ﹰﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﹰﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﲦ ‪‬ﺮ ﳔﻠ ‪‬ﺔ ‪-‬ﻳﺴﻮﻯ ﺩﺭﳘﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪ ..-‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭ ﹸﺓ ﻓﺎﺳﺪ ﹰﺓ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻧﻌﻘﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ﹴﻡ؛ ﻓﺎﳊﻼ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍ ُﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻡ ﲦ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺨ ﹺﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺒﺪﻭ‬
‫ﺣﻼ ﹴﻝ ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺑﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻠ ﹸﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﹺﻨﻬﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻮﺯﻉ‬ ‫ﺻ‪‬‬‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪" :(٢١٨‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﲨ ‪‬ﻊ ﰲ ﺻﻔﻘ ‪‬ﺔ ﳐﺘ‪‬ﻠ ﹶﻔ ﹺﻲ ﺍﳊﻜ ﹺﻢ ﻛﺈﺟﺎﺭ ‪‬ﺓ ﻭﺑﻴ ﹴﻊ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﹶﻠ ﹴﻢ‪ ..‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﻤﺎ" ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٤٣١/٣‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(٤٥/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺒﺪﻭﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٨/٤) (٣٠/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٧٧٥‬‬

‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٤١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺗﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﺩﺍﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﺿ‪‬ﺎ ﺳﻨ ﹰﺔ ﻛﺮﺍ ًﺀ)‪ (٥‬ﻓﺎﺳﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻓﻘﺒﻀﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﻳﺴﻜﻦ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺰﺭﻉ ﻭﻗﺒﻀﻪ‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﻛﺮﺍ ُﺀ)‪ (٧‬ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺳﺪ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻓﻴﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻜﲎ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺫﻫﺒﺖ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻓﻬﻮ)‪ (٩‬ﻣﺜﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺳ‪‬ﻮﺍ ٌﺀ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٤٢‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺍﻛﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻣﻀﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻨ ﹸﺔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻄ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻒ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺜﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٤٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﺎﻣ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺨ ﹶﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻗﺎ ﹰﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﺰﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ ﹰﺔ)‪ (١١‬ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻠ ﹸﺔ ﺑﺎﻃﻠﺔﹰ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﺴﺨﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻞ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣﹾﺜ‪‬ﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺃﹶﻥ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺷﺮﻛ ﹲﺔ)‪ (١٢‬ﻭﺇﺟﺎﺭ ﹲﺓ)‪.(١٤)(١٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪ ،(٥١٢-٥١١/٣‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﺍﻹﻛﻠﻴﻞ )‪.(١٨٩/٢‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ١٨/٤) (٣٠/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳛﺮﻡ ﻛﺜﲑ‪‬ﺍ ﳛﺮﻡ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ"‪.‬‬‫ﻗﻠﻴ ﹰ‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ١٨/٤) (٣٠/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٣٠‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٤٦٩/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪.(٢٤٧/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﰲ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪$ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﹶﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺒﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻜﻮﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺩﺏ ﺟﺮﻳﺐ"‪ .‬ﺵ‪.#‬‬
‫ﺼﺤ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺢ ﹶﺃﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮﱠﻟﺪ‪‬ﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺸﺮ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﺔ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﻭﺯ‪‬ﻥ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣ‪‬ﻜﻴﺎ ﹲﻝ ﻣ‪‬ﻌﺮﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺛﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺃﹶﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹲﺔ ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﻡ ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﺇﹺﻓﺮﹺﻳ ‪‬ﻘ‪‬ﻴ ﹶﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﶈﻜﻢ ﻭﺍﶈﻴﻂ ﺍﻷﻋﻈﻢ )‪ ،(٥٧٠/١٠‬ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٣٧١/٤‬‬
‫ﻒ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺮ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢١٠‬ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٣٤٤/٢٧‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍ ﹶﳌ ﱡﻜﻮ ‪‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺻﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻭﻧﺼ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺷﺮﻳﻜﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺃﻱ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﺇﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺟﲑ ﻟﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻛﺎﻟﻮﻳﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻭﳓﻮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﺘﻤﻌﺎﻥ ﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٤‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(٣٦٩/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎﺓ‪.‬‬
 ٧٧٦
 ‫‪٧٧٧‬‬

‫‪Y5Š6 P‬א‪3 sq‬א_‪ E١F‬‬

‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻛﺮﺍ ًﺀ‬ ‫‪ -٢٥٤٤‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﺮﻯ)‪) (٢‬ﺑﻌﲑ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺩﺍﺭ‪‬ﺍ‪ (٣‬ﺃﻭ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪‬ﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﺍ ُﺀ)‪ (٥‬ﻻﺯ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻮﺕ‪ ‬ﺃﹶﺣﺪ‪‬ﳘﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻏﻴﺒ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺇﹺﻓﻼ ‪‬ﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑ ‪‬ﺔ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ ﹰﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﻫﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﺍ ﹺﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻮ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺚ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻤﻮﻟ ﹸﺔ ﻳﺄﰐ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴ ﹸ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻠﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ﹾﻜﺮﹺﻱ‬ ‫‪ -٢٥٤٥‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﺍ ًﺀ‬
‫ﺖ)‪.(٩‬‬‫ﺖ ﺍﻟ ﱠﻈ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻔ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﺀَ‪ ،‬ﺳ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﻉ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻭﺃﹶﺟﺎﺯ‪‬ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺟﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭ ﹶﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٤٦‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪‬‬

‫ﺡ ﰲ ﻗﺼﺔ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻭﺷﻌﻴﺐ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴﻬﹺﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻼﻡ‪

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ª
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¦  :‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎ ﹺ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻮ ﰲ ]‪/١٨‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻛﺘﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﲑﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٥٦/٥‬ﻭ‪ ٣٠/٤) (٦٩‬ﻭ‪ ٣٦-٣٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٦‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٣٣٨/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ ٢٤٠/٥‬ﻭ‪ (٢٤٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣١٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٥٥/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٩/٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٦-٣٥/٤‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٥٦/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.  :‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪]  Z

Y
X
W
V  :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪.[٦ :‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺟﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٧٧٨‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻻ ﳜﺘﻠﻔﻮ ﹶﻥ ﰲ ﲡﻮﻳﺰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫

‪]  ³

²

±




°‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺺ‪ ،(١)[٢٧ :‬ﻭﺃﻥ‪/‬‬ ‫®

‬
‫ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭﺍﺕ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺩﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻳﺆﺧ ﹸﺬ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺮﻱ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﺩﺍﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﻟﻴﺴﻜﻨﻬﺎ)‪ ..(٤‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﺍ ُﺀ‬
‫‪ -٢٥٤٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﺍ ﹺﺭ)‪ (٧‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧ ﹶﺬ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮ ﹺﺭ ﹺﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٥٤٨‬ﻓﺈﹺﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﹲﻝ‪ ..‬ﺧ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ﺻﺎﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟ ﱠﻈ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ)‪.(١٠) (٩‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺃﹶﻥ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺑ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٤٩‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (١١‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﳊﺠ ﹸﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ؟‬
‫ﺕ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺛ ﹶﺔ‬ ‫ﻉ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹶﻞ)‪ (١٣‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٢٥٥٠‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ)‪ ..(٣‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪] :‬ﻫﻲ[‬ ‫ﻚ ﻟﻠﺸﻲ ِﺀ)‪ (١‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍ ُﺀ)‪ (٢‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﲟﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻣ‪‬ﻘﺎ ‪‬ﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (١٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍ ُﺀ)‪ (١٥‬ﻣﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻔﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺪ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍ ِﺀ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻣﻠ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺃ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ  ﺃﻧﻜﺤﻚ‪. ...‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٦٦‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٤٤-٤٣/٥‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٣٢/٢‬ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ )ﺹ‪.(١٤٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻜﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٩/٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٦/٤‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٤٥/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳊﺼﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﲑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻂ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷُﺟﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻟﻠ ‪‬ﻤﺆ‪ ‬ﺟ ﹺﺮ ﻓﺴ ‪‬ﺦ ﺍﻹِﺟﺎﺭ ‪‬ﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻀﺎﺭﺑ ﹸﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ ﺑﻘﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻔﺴﺨﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺳﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻣﺎﺀ ﲜﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺟﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٥٢/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٧٧٩‬‬

‫ﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺭﺛ ﹸﺔ‪ (٦)/‬ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻘﺎ ‪‬ﻣﻪ‪،‬‬

‫ﺕ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ‪-‬ﺍﳌﻜﺮﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺮﻱ‪ ..-‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﺍ ُﺀ)‪ (٥‬ﺛﺎﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٥٥١‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺭﺛ ﹲﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎ ﹸﻥ)‪ (٨‬ﻳﻘﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣﻘﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺾ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺮﻱ‬
‫ﳉﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻝ ﰲ ﺑﻌ ﹺ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﹶ‬
‫ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻌﻄ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٥٥٢‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﻛﺮﺍ ًﺀ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ‪@ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ)‪ (١١‬ﺃﻛﺮﻱ)‪ (١٢‬ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﲪﻮﻟﱵ ﻭﺃﺭﺟﻊ)‪ (١٣‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ!‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹺﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻠﻄﺎ ﹸﻥ)‪ ،(١٤‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﻨﻄ ﹲﺔ ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻧ ﹲﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺘﺮﹺﻱ ‪‬ﻟﻨ‪‬ﻔﺴﻲ ﻣﺜ ﹶﻞ ﺣﻨﻄﱵ ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﻊ )ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‪ ..!(١٥‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺑﺸﺮﻳﻚ)‪.(١) (١٦‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻭﺍ ﹸﳌﺴﺎﻗﻲ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧﻬ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺷﺮﻳﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺍ ﹸﳌﻀﺎﺭ ﹺ‬ ‫‪ -٢٥٥٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺑﲔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺑ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻠﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/١٨‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٩/٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٦/٤‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٤٥/٥‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻮ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺭﺛﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻛﺘﺮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺭﲡﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(١٢٧‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺮﺏ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﺘﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ" ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٤٢٢/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٤٦/٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪" :(٣٠٧/١١‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻛﺮﺍﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺮﻱ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺣﺮﺻﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﺀ ﺣﻘﻪ‬
‫ﳝﻨﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﺋﺐ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٧٨٠‬‬

‫ﺠ ﹲﻞ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٥٤‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﺎﺭﻯ‪/١٢٦)/‬ﺏ( ﺩﺍﺑ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺩﺍﺭ‪‬ﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﺍ ُﺀ)‪ (٢‬ﹸﻛﱡﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٥٥‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﳊﺠ ﹸﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪‬؟‬
‫‪ -٢٥٥٦‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﹺﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹶﻞ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﻛﱡﻠﻪ‪‬؛ َﻷ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﲎ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٥٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻁ ﺷﺮﻃﹰﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺮﻃﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﹰﺓ‪ ..‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺟﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺮ)‪ (٥‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻓ ﹺﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍ ﹺ‬
‫ﻕ ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻼ ﺗﺰﻭ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٥٥٨‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻟﻮ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﰉ‪ ..‬ﻭﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻱ ﻋﺪﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٥٩‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﺑﻌﲑ‪‬ﺍ ﺑﻌﻴﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﻏﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﺟﲑ‪‬ﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﹶﻥ ﻳﻌﻤ ﹶﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻏﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ (٦)/‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ‬
‫ﺾ ﺍﻟﺸﻲ ِﺀ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻭﻗ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍ ُﺀ)‪.(٩) (٨‬‬ ‫ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍ َﺀ)‪ (٧‬ﻭﻗ ‪‬ﻊ ﻭﻫﻮ ﳑﻨﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻣﻦ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺ‬
‫ﻁ ﰲ ﺑﻴ ﹴﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﺾ)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﻋﻦ‬
‫‪ -٢٥٦٠‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﺷﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ)‪.(١١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎﺓ ﻟﻮ ﻫﺮﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮﺽ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺠﺰ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻟﺮﺏ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻚ ﻧﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻟﻴﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻜﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮ ﺍﳊﺎﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﺄﺫ ﹶﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻹﻧﻔﺎﻕ‪ .‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٣٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٨٢/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٧٠/٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٦/٤‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( )ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺷﺮﻁ( ﻏﲑﻩ ﺃﻭﱃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺟﱪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٦٧‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٥/٤) (٦٩/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٧‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٤١٨/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٨٢/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺒﻀﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﲝﺮﻭﻓﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ )‪.(١٤٣/٨‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﻤ‪‬ﻰ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺯ‪،(٢٧١٨) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﲑ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺭﻛﻮﺑﻪ‪.(٧١٥) ،‬‬
 ‫‪٧٨١‬‬

‫‪ -٢٥٦١‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (١‬ﺗﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﻣﻨﻪ)‪ (٢‬ﻛﺮﺍ ًﺀ)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ)‪،(٤‬‬

‫‪ -٢٥٦٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍ ِﺀ)‪ (٥‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪@ :‬ﺍﻛﺘﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜ ﹶﺔ ﺑﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﹴﺭ! ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺇﹺﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﻌﺸﺮ ‪‬ﺓ! ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺮﻛﺐ‪ ..‬ﲢﺎﻟﻔﺎ ﻭﺗﻔﺎﺳﺨﺎ)‪.(٧)(٦‬‬
‫@ﺃﹶﻛﺮﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ)‪.(٨‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٥٦٣‬ﻭﹺﺇ ﹾﻥ ]ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ[ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺑﻌﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻜﺬﹶﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﻴﻤ ﹸﺔ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﺎﻳﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ]ﲢﺎﻟﻔﺎ[‪،(١٠)#‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٥٦٤‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ )ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :(٩‬ﺣﺪﻳ ﹸ‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻲ ‪$ : ‬ﺇﹺﺫﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ)‪ (١‬ﲨﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍ ِﺀ)‪ (٢‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻓﺎ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺗﻜﺮﺭﺕ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٦٩/٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٥/٤‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٤١٨/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٨٢/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻓﺎﺳﺨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٢١/٤) (٣٥/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﻭ)‪ ٣٢/٤) (٥٩/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٣٠‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‬
‫)‪(٤٧٢-٤٧١/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٢١/٤) (٣٥/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺘﻪ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺟﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٣٠‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺭﻉ‪ ..-‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(٤٧٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻘﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )‪" :(٥٩٧/٦‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺭﻭﺍﻳ ﹲﺔ ﻏﺮﻳﺒ ﹲﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻂ‪ ،‬ﱂ ﺃﺭﻫﺎ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺚ"‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳊﺒﲑ )‪.(٨٤/٣‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬‫ﻛﺘ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺬﻧﻴﺐ )ﺹ‪ (٥٦١‬ﻋﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ‪$ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﺎﻳﻌﺎﻥ ﲢﺎﻟﻔﺎ ﻭﺗﺮﺍﺩﺍ‪" : #‬ﻻ ﺫﻛﺮ ﳍﺬﺍ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻏﲑ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ‪ ‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻠﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﹶﻭ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘﺮ‪‬ﺍﺩ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻥ‪.#‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹲﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺻﺎﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒﻴ‪‬ﻌﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪$‬ﺇﹺﺫﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (٤٤٤٥ :٤٤٥/٧‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ )‪ (٣٥١١‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ )‪ (١٢٧٠‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪$ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﺒﺘﺎﻉ‬
‫ﻅ ﹸﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﺃﻟﻔﺎ ﹲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ‪ #‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ،(٤٦٤٨‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ (٢١٨٦‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ (٤٥/٢‬ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘ ‪‬ﻲ )‪" :(٣٣٢/٥‬ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪..‬‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﻛﺜﲑ ﹲﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻗﺪ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻃﺮ ‪‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٧٨٢‬‬

‫‪] -٢٥٦٥‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ[‪.‬‬

‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺰ‬ ‫‪ -٢٥٦٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ)‪ (٤‬ﺗﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹺﻞ ﺩﺍﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﻋﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﺳﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﲟﺎﺋ ‪‬ﺔ ﺩﻳﻨﺎ ﹴﺭ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻟ ﹸﻜ ﱢﻞ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٦٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻛﺘﺮﻯ ‪‬ﺑﻨ‪‬ﺎ ًﺀ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻧﺠ‪‬ﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺧﻴ‪‬ﺎﻃﹰﺎ ]ﺃﻭ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ[ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﻞ ﹺﺑ‪‬ﻴﺪ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٦‬ﻓﻮﻗ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻜ‪‬ﺮﺍ ُﺀ)‪ (٧‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤ ﹺﻞ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﳌﺎ ﹺﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﲡﻮﺯ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭ ﹸﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﹶﻥ ﻳﻌﻤ ﹶﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭ ‪‬ﺓ ﺑﻴﻮﻡﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮ ‪‬ﺯ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻳ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﻌﻴﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺎ ﹺﻝ ﺻﺎﺣ ﹺ‬
‫ﻁ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﹶﻥ ﻳﻌﻤ ﹶﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺳﺎﻋ ﹶﺔ ﺍﺳﺘ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭ ﹸﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻴﺎﻃ ‪‬ﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺜﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﹶﻥ ﻳﺸﺘﺮ ﹶ‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﱴ ﻳﻌﻤﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺘﺠﻮ ‪‬ﺯ)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭﺓﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺪﹶﺃ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﺳﺎﻋ ﹶﺔ ﲡ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎ ِﺀ‪ /‬ﻫﺬ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭ ﹸﺓ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﻍ ﺇﱃ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ﹴﻞ ﳝﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻤ ﹶﻞ ﻟﻪ ]ﰲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﹶﻥ ﻳﺄﺧ ﹶﺬ ﰲ ﻋﻤ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻁ‬
‫‪ -٢٥٦٨‬ﻭﹺﺇ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶ‬
‫ﻚ ﺃﹶﻓﻀﻞ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﻪ[‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻚ ﻗﻮ‪‬ﻳﺎ"‪ .‬ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺇﺭﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﻠﻴﻞ )‪ (١٧١/٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬‫ﺚ ﺑﺬﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹸ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻗﻄﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻃﺮﻗﻪ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻭﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻌﺘﻀﺪ ﺑﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ ﺃﻧﻪ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﺐ ﺗﻘﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﺣﺼ ‪‬ﺔ ﻛ ﱢﻞ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﺯﻉ ﺍﻷﺟﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٤٠٧/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٩٦/٥‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (٢٢٤/١١‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﺣﻜﻰ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺰﺍﺭﻋﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﺍﶈﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﺗﺒﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻠﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻴﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳚﻮﺯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﺠﻮﺯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲤﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻉ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺧﲑ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻁ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳ‪‬ﻄ‪‬ﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺮ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻳﺸﺘﺮ ﹸ‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻁ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٧٨٣‬‬

‫ﻍ ﻣﻨ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ)‪ (٢‬ﺍ َﻷ ‪‬ﺟ ﹶﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﻤ ﹸﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻃﺎﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻔﺮ ﹶ‬
‫‪ -٢٥٦٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻳﻌﻤ ﹸﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻌﻴﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٧٠‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺄﺧ ‪‬ﺮ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜ‪‬ﺮﺍ ِﺀ)‪ (٥‬ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ؛ َﻷ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﲏ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻴﺘ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (٧‬ﺇﺟﺎﺭ ﹰﺓ ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻧ ﹰﺔ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ‪ (٨)/‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫‪ -٢٥٧١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﺄﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹶﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻤ ﹶﻞ ﻳﺪﻳ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻤ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹴﻞ ﺑﻌﻴﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟﻞ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺳﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﺾ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍ ِﺀ)‪ (٩‬ﺣﱴ ﻳﻨﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﹸﻛﱠﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٧٢‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ]ﻟﻪ[ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻪ)‪(١٢‬؛ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻧ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﻑ‬
‫ﻁ ]ﻭﺍﳋﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺯ[ ﻭﺍﳋﻔﱠﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٧٣‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳋﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﹸ‬
‫]ﳚﺮﻱ[)‪ (١٣‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺤ‪ ‬ﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(١٨٩/٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪(٣٠٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺧﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ ﻛﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ﺗﺎﺭ ﹰﺓ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ﺑﺰﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻛﺪﺍ ﹴﺭ ﺳﻨ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺎﺭ ﹰﺓ ﺑﻌﻤ ﹴﻞ ﻛﺪﺍﺑ ‪‬ﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜ ﹶﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺨﻴﺎﻃ ‪‬ﺔ ﺫﺍ‬
‫"ﻳﺸﺘﺮ ﹸ‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺢ"‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻠﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎ ﹺﺭ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺼ ‪‬ﺢ ﰲ ﺍ َﻷ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻮ ﲨﻌﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺄﺟﺮﻩ ﻟﻴﺨﻴ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﻴﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮ ﹺ‬
‫)‪ (٣٤٠/٢‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻟﻠﻐﺮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻳﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺘﺄﺧﺮ‪ ،...‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻳﺼ ‪‬ﺢ؛ ﺇﺫ ﺍﳌﺪ ﹸﺓ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭﹲﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﺙ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎ ‪‬ﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﲝﺚ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻜﻲ" ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺭ ﹸ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٨١/٥‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ ٢٢١/١١‬ﻭ‪ (٢٢٢‬ﻭﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻤﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻮ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻷﺟﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٠٨‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٤٠/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٨٩/٥‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﺄﺧﺰ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺗﺄﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺘﺄﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻯ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٢٣/٤) (٣٩/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٧٤/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٦٨‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺗﺄﺟﻴﻞ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻷﺟﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٧٦/٥‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﳋﻔﺎﻑ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﳏﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻝ)ﺍﳋﻔﺎﻑ( ﻭ)ﺍﳊﻘﺎﻑ(‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ( ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ٧٨٤‬‬

‫‪ -٢٥٧٤‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﺧﻴ‪‬ﺎﻃﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﳒﱠﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻔﱠﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﻓﺪﻋﺎﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻣﱰﻟﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﺿﻪ ﻳﻌﻤ ﹸﻞ)‪ (١‬ﻟﻪ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼﱂ‬
‫ﻉ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﱂ)‪ (٣‬ﺗﻨﻌﻘ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ (٤‬ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺇﹺﺟﺎﺭ ﹲﺓ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻦ ﺭﺁ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲ َﺀ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏﹺ؛ َﻷ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺘﻄﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻫﺬﺍ؛ َﻷ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻹِﺟﺎﺭ ﹶﺓ ﻗﺪ‬
‫‪ -٢٥٧٥‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﻇﻬﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﳛﻤ ﹸﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻃﻌﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺧﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻌﻘﺪﺕ)‪ (٦‬ﻭﻟﺰﻣﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻉ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﺍ ُﺀ)‪ (٧‬ﻻﺯ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﺮﻳﻬﺎ ﳑﻦ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ (٨)/‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫‪ -٢٥٧٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻫﺐ ﻭﻭﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻗﺪ ﺿﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻮ ﲪﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺭﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻼ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ..‬ﹶﻟ ﹺﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻜ‪‬ﺮﺍ ُﺀ)‪ (٩‬ﹸﻛﱡﻠﻪ‪‬؛ َﻷ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻗ ‪‬‬‫ﲪﻮﻟﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺣﱴ ﺫﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﳍﺎ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٧٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﻇﻬﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺟﻬ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﳛﻤ ﹸﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻃﻌﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﻛﻴﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳚﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻡ‪..‬‬
‫ﺐ‪ ..‬ﹶﻗﻀ‪‬ﻰ ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻜ‪‬ﺮﺍ َﺀ)‪ ،(١١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﱄ ﻓﻴﺨ ‪‬ﱪ ‪‬ﻩ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻄﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﰐ ﺍﻟﻮﺍ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﻈﻬ ﹺﺮ ﺃﹶﻥ ﻳﺄ ﹶ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺻﺎﺣ ﹺ‬
‫ﺐ)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻟﻈﻬ ﹺﺮ‬‫ﺐ ﺻﺎﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜ‪‬ﺮﺍ ِﺀ)‪ (١٢‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻜﺮﺍﺋ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻙ ﺳﻠﻄﺎ ﹲﻥ ]ﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﻟﻪ[‪ ..‬ﻃﻠ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻌﻤﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻘﻄﻮﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻌﻘﺪ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻌﻘﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ..." :(٢٦٠/٥‬ﺍﺳﺘﺄﺟﺮﻩ ﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﺃﺷﺠﺎﺭ ﺑﻘﺮﻳﺔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﲡﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺟﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻲﺀ؛‬
‫ﻷ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻊ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻘﺪﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/١٩‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﺾ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺮﻱ‬ ‫)‪ (١٠‬ﱂ ﺃﺟﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺘﻤﺸﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪" :(٣١٤‬ﻭﻣﱴ ﻗﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑ ﹶﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﻭﹶﺃﻣﺴﻜﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻣﻀﺖ ﻣﺪ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺕ ﺍ ُﻷﺟﺮ ﹸﺓ ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻨﺘﻔﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻟﻮ ﺍﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﺩﺍﺑ ﹰﺔ‬
‫ﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑ ﹶﺔ‬
‫ﺏ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﺿ ﹴﻊ ﻭﻗﺒﻀﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻀﺖ ﻣﺪ ﹸﺓ ﺇﻣﻜﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻟﺴ ﹺﲑ ﺇﻟﻴ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻮﺍ ٌﺀ ﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﺟﺎﺭ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻟﻌ ﹺ‬‫ﻟﺮﻛﻮ ﹴ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻓ ﹶﺔ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٤٧/٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٥٨/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻃﺎﻫﺮ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٧٨٥‬‬

‫ﺏ ﻟﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﺍﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﹺﻻ‪ ..‬ﺳﹶﺄﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﹶﻥ‬‫ﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍ َﺀ)‪ ،(١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﹶﺻﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻄﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺣﻴ ﹸ‬
‫ﻉ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺣﺼ ﹸﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻀ ‪‬ﻲ‪/١٢٧)/‬ﺏ( ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ]ﻟﻪ[ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺮﺍ ِﺀ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ ﻓﺎﺭﻏ ﹰﺔ )ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﳏﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍ ِﺀ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻼ ﻟﻮ‬‫‪ -٢٥٧٨‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠ ﹸﺔ ﰲ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻜ‪‬ﺮﺍ َﺀ)‪ (٥‬ﻻﺯ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟﻪ‪ (٦)/‬ﻭﺇﹺﻥ ﱂ ﳛﻤﻠﻪ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎ َﺀ ﻻ ﳜﺘﻠﻔﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﻈﱠﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ‪..‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﺴﻜ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﻛ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﺩﺍﺑ ﹰﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺩﺍﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺇﱃ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ﹴﻞ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍ َﺀ)‪ (٨‬ﻻﺯ ‪‬ﻡ ﻟﻪ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻳﺒﻌﺜﻪ)‪ (١٠‬ﺇﱃ ﺑﻠﺪ ﻳﺒﻴﻊ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺘﺎﻋ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻘﺪﻡ ﻭﱂ ﳚﺪ ﰒ‬ ‫‪ -٢٥٧٩‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺗﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻊ‪ ..‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍ َﺀ)‪ (١١‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﺧﺬﻭﺍ ﻛﺮﺍﺀَﻫﻢ ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﻠﹸﻮﺍ)‪،(١٢‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟ ﱠﻈ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪] -٢٥٨٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﹶﺑﻮ ﳏﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﺜ ﹶﻞ ﻗﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺃﰊ ﻳﻌﻘﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ[‪.‬‬
‫‪] -٢٥٨١‬ﻗﺎﻝ)‪ :(١٣‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺳ‪‬ﻔﻴﺎﻥﹸ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺻ ﹺﻢ)‪ (١‬ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ )ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﺠ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ()‪ ،(٢‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﻭﺍﺋ ﹴﻞ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺳﺮﺓﹸ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻤﺎﻧﺎ ﺑﺄﹶﺣﺴ ﹺﻦ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﱯ ‪ ‬ﻭﳓ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺲ)‪ (٤‬ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﰊ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﺓ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺗﺎﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﻴ ﹺ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٦٩‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻷﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٣٣٥/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٤٧/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣١٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٥٨/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺒﻌﺜﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺗﻠﻤﻴﺬ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺭﲪﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٧٨٦‬‬

‫ﻒ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓﺸ‪‬ﻮﺑ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﺼ‪ ‬ﺪ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺔ‪ (٦)#‬ﺃﻭ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪،‬‬

‫ﳊ ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﲰﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻳﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺸ‪ ‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺘ‪‬ﺠ‪‬ﺎﺭﹺ‪ ،‬ﹺﺇﻥﱠ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪.(٧)[.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺠﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﺳﺪﻱ ﻣﻮﻻﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﻮﰲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺉ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪ :‬ﺻﺪﻭﻕ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﺑﻦ ‪‬ﺪﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﻭﻫﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺣﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ ﻣﻘﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲦﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٧١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺷﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﰲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪ :‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﳐﻀﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(٤٣٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﺮﺯﺓ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﲑ ﺑﻦ ﻭﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﻐﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻬﲏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺠﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﰲ ﻟﻪ ﺻﺤﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻜﻦ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﻢ‪$ :‬ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭ‪ #...‬ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪$ ‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﺻﺪﻕ‪ .#‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ )‪ ،(١٣٩/٥‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ )‪ (٣٧٤/٥‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(٨٠٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ‪ :‬ﻋﺰﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺣﺴ ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﺭﺟﺎﻟﻪ ﺛﻘﺎﺕ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﲔ ﻏﲑ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﺑﻦ ‪‬ﺪﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﺮﻭﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻐﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻮﺑﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (١٦١٣٤ :٥٦/٢٦‬ﻋﻦ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺭﺍﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺎﺻﻢ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺃﰊ ﻭﺍﺋﻞ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻏﺮﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺎ ﻧﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺳﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻓﺄﺗﺎﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﳊ ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻘﻴﻊ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎ ﹺﺭ ‪-‬ﻓﺴﻤﺎﻧﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﲰﻨﺎ‪ -‬ﹺﺇﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﺒﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﳛﻀﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﻓﺸﻮﺑﻮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪﻗ ‪‬ﺔ‪ #‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ )‪ (٩١٤ :٣٥٧/١٨‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻭﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﳊﻤﻴﺪﻱ )‪ (٤٣٨ :٢٠٨/١‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ )‪ (٣٣٢٧‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ (٣٧٩٨‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻵﺣﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺎﱐ )‪ ١٠١٤ :٢٦٠/٢‬ﻭ‪ ،(١٠١٥‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻘﻰ )‪ (٥٥٧ :١٤٤/١‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ )‪:٣٥٧/١٨‬‬
‫‪ (٩١٤‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ (٥/٢‬ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻋﲔ ﻭﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ )‪ (١٢٠٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ )‪ ٩١٢ :٣٥٦/١٨‬ﻭ‪ (٩١٣‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻏﲑ ﻫﺬﺍ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‪" :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ...‬ﻭﻻ ﻧﻌﺮﻑ ﻟﻘﻴ ﹴ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (١٦١٣٨-١٦١٣٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ ٣٧٩٩‬ﻭ‪ ٣٨٠٠‬ﻭ‪ (٤٤٦٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ )‪ ٣٥٧/١٨‬ﻭ‪:٣٥٨‬‬
‫‪ ٩١٥‬ﻭ‪ ،(٩١٩‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ )‪ (١٣٠ :٩٦/١‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ (٥/٢‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﺍﺋﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻭﺟﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻛﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
٧٨٧
‫‪ ٧٨٨‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א‪ (١)k U D2‬‬

‫ﺻ ﹸﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎ ‪‬ﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﹸ‪،‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٨٢‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﹶ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ﺍﻟﺴﻘ ‪‬ﻲ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﳊﺎﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧ ﹸﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺮ ﹶ‬
‫ﻚ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﳚﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺨ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻌ ﹺﻞ)‪.(٤)(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٨٣‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠ ﹸﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ﹺﺟَﺪﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ)‪ ..(٥‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎ ﹸﺓ ﺑﺎﻃﻠﺔ)‪.(٨)(٧‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﳊﺎﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٨٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺮ ﹶ‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺮﻳ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎ ﹸﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﳌﺎ ﹺﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺌ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻨﻴ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫‪ -٢٥٨٥‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺮ ﹶ‬
‫ﻁﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻃﻠ ﹲﺔ)‪(١٠‬؛ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﻗﺎ ﹲﺓ ﻭﻛﺮﺍ ٌﺀ)‪ (١١‬ﻭﺷﺮﺍﺀ)‪ ،(١٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻏﺮﺭ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰲ )‪/١٨‬ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺑﻂ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺏ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻂ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ "ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳﺤﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻟﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺰﺍﺩﺗﻪ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺘﻜﺮﺭ ﻛﻞ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ...‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﻜﺮﺭ ﻛﻞ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻛﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﺣﻔﺮ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ" ﺍ‪ ’.‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٠٦-٣٠٥‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺍ ُﻷﻡ )‪١١/٤) (١٣/٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﻭﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١٢٤‬‬
‫ﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ؟‬
‫ﻫﻞ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳ‪‬ﺸﺘﺮ ﹶ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ ﺃﻥ "ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺌﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﻲﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪ ..‬ﺑﻄﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ" ﺍ‪ ’.‬ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٦٠/٥‬ﻭﰲ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪" :(١٨٠/١١‬ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻲ؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻞ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ‪$‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪#‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻟﻮ ﺳﺎﻗﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﻞ ﺟﺎﺯ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪" (٤‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻌﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺷﺮﺏ ﺑﻌﺮﻭﻗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺳﻘﻲ ﻛﺬﺍ ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪﻧﻴﺠﻲ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪.(١٨٠/١١‬‬
‫ﳉﺪﺍ ‪‬ﺩ‪ :‬ﺻﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻳﻨﻊ ﲦﺮﻫﺎ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺮ )ﺹ‪.(٢٠٣‬‬
‫ﳉﺪﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﻭﺍ ﹶ‬
‫)‪" (٥‬ﻭﺍ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳚﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻃ ﹰ‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٦٠/٥‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪.(١٨٠/١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪، :‬ﻭﻛﺮﻱ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺷﺮﻯ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺷﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺑﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
 ‫‪٧٨٩‬‬

‫‪ -٢٥٨٦‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎﺓ)‪ (٢‬ﺳﻨﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫‪ -٢٥٨٧‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ)‪ (٤‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻞ ﲦﺮ)‪ (٥‬ﻗﺪ ﺑﺪﺍ ﺻﻼﺣﻪ)‪(٦‬؛ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﺟﺎﺯ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﺪﺍ ﺻﻼﺣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﺑﻴﻊ ﻭﺇﺟﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‪ ..‬ﺑﻄﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻼ ﺇﺫﻥ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻚ ﻟﻮ ‪‬ﺷ ﹺﺮ ﹶ‬
‫)‪" (١‬ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻖ ﺍﻷﺟﺮﺓ" ﺍ‪ ’.‬ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٦٠/٥‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪.(١٨٠/١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٤‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٣٦٤/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ١٥٦/٥‬ﻭ‪.(١٩٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲦﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳐﺎﻟﻒ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻈﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﻇﻬﻮﺭﻩ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺄﰐ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎﺓ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮﺓ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺓ ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼﻑ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻇﻬﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺪﻭ ﺻﻼﺣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ؛ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺪﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻀﺞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺎﻥ؛ ﺃﺻﺤﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻣﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻨﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻨﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻀﺞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٥٨/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٥٢/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٠٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٢٦/٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(٢٥٢/٥‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎﺓ ﲟﺠﺮﺩ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮﺓ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪(٨/٨‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺰﺍﱄ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ ،(٥٨/٦‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ﺣﻜﻰ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺒﻌﺪ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﺍﱄ ﳍﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ‪$‬ﻗﺪﱘ‪ ،#‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪" :(٥٩/٦‬ﻭﺗﻌﺒﲑﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻭﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﺍ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﱰﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻌﻘﺒﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪" :(١٦٩/١١‬ﻭﻻ ﻭﺟﻪ ﻻﺳﺘﺒﻌﺎﺩﻩ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ‪$‬ﺍﻷﻡ‪ #‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺰﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻗﺪﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺪﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻓﻌﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻭﺟﻪ‬
‫ﻻﺳﺘﺒﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﻊ‪ ،‬ﻏﲑ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﺮ ‪$‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ #‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﻭﺭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‬
‫)‪ (٣٦١/٧‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺣﻜﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲦﺮﺓ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎﺓ ﺑﺎﻃﻠﺔ ﺑﻜﻞ‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٧٩٠‬‬

‫ﺏ ]ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ[ ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬

‫‪ -٢٥٨٨‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻗﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺃﰊ ﻳﻌﻘﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺠ ‪‬ﺰ ﻋﻤﺎ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ..‬ﺍﻛﺘﺮﻯ‬
‫‪ -٢٥٨٩‬ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺃﹶﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﺎﻣ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻓﻤﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎ ﹸﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﻳﺼﻠﺤﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻂ ﻛﻴﻒ‪] (٣)/‬ﻗﺪﺭ[ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷَﺟﺰﺍﺀِ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺺ‬ ‫‪ -٢٥٩٠‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﳚﺪ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﹰﻻ)‪ ..(٢‬ﺳﺎﻗﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﺋ ﹶ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣ ﹺﻞ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻧﺼﻴ ﹺ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺒﺪ ﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﻭﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (١٦٩/١١‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﻘﺒﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻊ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺪﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻏﲑ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺭﺟﺤﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﲟﻨﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺪﻭ ﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﳜﺎﻟﻒ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺡ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ‪$‬ﺍ ُﻷﻡ‪ ١١/٤) (١٤/٥) #‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎ ﹸﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﺪﺍ ﺻﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻤ ﹺﺮ ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ﱠﻞ ﺑﻴ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭ ﹶﻇ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻮﺯ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪" :(٣٦١/٧‬ﺣﻜﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ -‬ﰲ‬
‫‪$‬ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ‪ #‬ﺟﻮﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ" ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﳉﻮﺍﺯ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻼﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﲣﻄﺌﺔ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﻊ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ..." :(٥٨/٦‬ﺃﻥ ﰲ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻟﲔ؛ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺍﳌﻨﻊ‪ ...‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﲪﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪– (١٢٥‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺟﺎﺏ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﻗﻴﺎﺳﻪ‪ -‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٦١-١٦٠/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٠٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٣٠/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٧٠‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻫﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﰲ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎﺓ‪ ..‬ﻭﺟﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﺘﻤﺴﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻟﻴﺠﱪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﲤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪..‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺄﺟﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﳚﺪ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﻻ‪ ...‬ﺍﺳﺘﺪﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫"ﻭﻣﱴ ﺗﻌﺬﺭ ﺇﲤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮﺓ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻠﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﻓﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺬﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻔﺴﺦ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﻗﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﲟﺎ ﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺷﻰﺀ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺍ‪ ’.‬ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٦١/٥‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٣٨١/٧‬ﻭﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺒﻬﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺩﻳﺔ )‪:(٣٠٦/٣‬‬
‫"ﻭﻗﻮﳍﻢ‪) :‬ﺍﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﻋﻨﻪ( ﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺎﻗﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺧﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ"‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺃﺳﲎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ (٣٩٨/٢‬ﻭﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ .(٣٣٠/٢‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻭﺍ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﰊ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺃﻭﱃ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺭﲪﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺽ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﳊﻜﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٧٩١‬‬

‫‪ -٢٥٩١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﳚﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﻗﻴﻪ‪) ..‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ‪ /(١‬ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺃﻧﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﻏﺖ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓﹶﻠﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻓﻀ ﹶﻞ ]ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ[‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺝ ﻣﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺜ ﹶﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺃﹶﻧﻔﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﳜﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ)‪.(٢‬‬ ‫ﺻ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ!‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ)‪ (٣‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﳘﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻠﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ‬ ‫ﲔ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠ ﹺ‬ ‫‪ -٢٥٩٢‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﲟﱰﻟ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻌ ﹺﲑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻊ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‪ (٥)/‬ﻳﻨﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺄﻣ ﹺﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﰒ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺃﹶﻧﻔ ‪‬ﻖ ﺩﻳﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﺃﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻳ ‪‬ﻜ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻐ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻠ ﹶﻎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٩٣‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴ ﹶﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ‪ :‬ﺇﹺﻥ ﺭﺃﹶﻯ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎ ﹸﻥ ﺑﻴ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٩٤‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﲔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﺒﻴ ﹺﻊ ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺍﻝ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٩٥‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴ ﹶﻞ ﰲ ﺍ ﹸﳌﺴﺎﻗﻲ)‪ :(٧‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﻔﻖ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﲣﺮﺝ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮﺓ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٩٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﳌﺎ ﹺﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺎ ﹺﻝ‪ ..‬ﻳﻘﺎ ﹸﻝ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣ ﹺﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﺎ ﹸﻝ ﻟﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﳌﺎ ﹺﻝ ﺇﹺﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ِ‪‬‬
‫ﻚﺭ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٥٩٧‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٦١-١٦٠/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٠٦‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (١٨٥/١١‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪،(٣٣٠/٢‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﳚﺪ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﻗﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻌﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﺘﻌﻴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻀﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/١٨‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ (٥١ :٧٥٩/٢‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺿﻮﺍ ﱡﻝ ﺍﻹﺑ ﹺﻞ ﰲ ﺯﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑ ﹺﻦ‬
‫ﻼ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺆ‪‬ﺑﹶﻠ ﹰﺔ ﺗﻨﺎﺗ ‪‬ﺞ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﳝﺴﻬﺎ ﺃﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﻬﺎ ﰒ ﺗﺒﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺏ ﹺﺇﺑ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻄﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﹸﺃﻋﻄﻲ ﲦﻨﻬﺎ‪ .#‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪ (١٩١/٦‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ (٨٦-٨٥/٩‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ (١٨٦٠٧ :١٣٢/١٠‬ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﺑﻠﻔﻆ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻘﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ‬
‫)‪" :(١٧٠/٧‬ﻭ‪‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ‪ :‬ﺃﹶﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻈ ‪‬ﲑﹲﺓ ﳛﻔﻆ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﻮﺍﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﺴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ‪$‬ﺍﳌ ‪‬ﻮﻃﱠﺄ‪ #‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ" ﰒ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﻘﺒﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﱂ ﻳﺪﺭﻙ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪. ‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳜﺮﺝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٦١/٥‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪.(١٨٥/١١‬‬
‫‪ ٧٩٢‬‬

‫ﺝ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﹶﻭ ﹶﻛﹸﺜ ‪‬ﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٥٩٨‬ﻓﺈﹺﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻄﻮﻋﺎ)‪ (١‬ﺑﺬﻟ ‪‬‬

‫ﻚ‪ ..‬ﺗﺮﹺﻛﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣ‪‬ﺴﺎﻗﺎ‪‬ﺗﻬﹺﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﹶﻗ ﱠﻞ ﻣﺎ ﳜﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻲ‬‫ﺨ‪‬‬‫ﺖ ﺃﺳﻔﻠﹸﻪ)‪ (٢‬ﻟﺮﺟﻞﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻩ ﻟﺮﺟ ﹴﻞ ]ﺁﺧﺮ[‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫‪] -٢٥٩٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻓﺄﹶﻧﻔﻖ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺼﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻔ ﹺﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﻗﻴ ﹶﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﹺﻥ ﺷﺌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠ ﹺﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻬﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻔ ﹸﻞ ﻭﻋﺠ ‪‬ﺰ ﺻﺎﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻓ ‪‬ﻲ)‪ (٥‬ﺣ ﱠﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻭ)‪ (٣‬ﺗ ﹾﻜﺮﹺﻳ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٤‬ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﻛﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻩ ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎ ِﺀ‬ ‫ﺐ[ ﺍﻟﺴﻔ ﹺﻞ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠ ﹺﻮ ]ﺻﺎﺣ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٠٠‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﹺﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻔ ﹸﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻓﺪ‪‬ﻋﺎ ﺻﺎﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻓﺄﹶﰉ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻷَﺳﻔ ﹺﻞ)‪) (٩‬ﺟﺪﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ‪.(١٠‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٠١‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺇﹺﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺇﹺﺫﺍ ﻋﺠ ‪‬ﺰ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﹺﻧ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٠٢‬ﻭﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﻗﻴ ﹶﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﺒﺎ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻄﻮﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺳﻔﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﺮﻳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻂ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﺁﺧﺮﻩ ﻓﻮﻗﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪) ،‬ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﺘﻮﰱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻟﻠﻘﺪﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﱪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٢١٦-٢١٥/٤‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺍ‪‬ﺪﻡ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻫﺪﻣﺎﻩ ﻣﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻻﺳﺘﻬﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻭﺍﻣﺘﻨﻊ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻘﻮﻻﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ :‬ﺇﺟﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ؛ ﺩﻓﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻠﻀﺮﺭ ﻭﺻﻴﺎﻧ ﹰﺔ ﻟﻸﻣﻼﻙ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻄﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﻻ‬
‫ﺇﺟﺒﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻻ ﳚﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭﻉ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻷﻥ ﺍﳌﻤﺘﻨﻊ ﻳﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﺘﻜﻠﻴﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‪ ...‬ﻭﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﲨﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ...‬ﻭﺻﺤﺢ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻭﺃﻓﱴ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﺍﱄ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻯ‪@ :‬ﺍﻷﻗﻴﺲ ﺃﻥ ﳚﱪ!‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻭﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻇﻬﺮ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻣﺘﻨﺎﻋﻪ ﻣﻀﺎﺭﺓ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﱪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻹﻋﺴﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻏﺮﺽ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻭ ﺷﻚ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﱪ!‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺭﺟﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﺟﺒﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﺟﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ" ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ )‪" :(٢١٧/٤‬ﹺﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻚﰲ‬ ‫ﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃﻭ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺫ ﹶﻥ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻳ ‪‬‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪ ﹺﱘ ﻓﹶﺄﺻ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﳌﻤﺘﻨ ‪‬ﻊ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃﻧﻔ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﳊﺎﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﹺﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﹲﻝ‪ ..‬ﺍﻗﺘﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺬﻫ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺭﺟﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﲑﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻤﺘﻨ ﹺﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﻘ ﱠﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﻔﺎ ﹺ‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺳﻔﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﱪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ :‬ﳚﱪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢١٦/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺟﺪﺍﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٧٩٣‬‬

‫ﻂ‪ ،‬ﰒ)‪ (٢‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺘﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫‪ -٢٦٠٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻓﻠﺲ ﺭﺏ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻂ‪ ..‬ﹺﺑﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺋ ﹸ‬
‫‪ -٢٦٠٤‬ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﺇﻥ ]ﱂ[ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ‪ (٤)/‬ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎﺓ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻱ ﺍﻷَﺻ ﹶﻞ ﻭﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻗﻲ ﻓﻴﻪ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻖ ﺇﱃ ﺃﹶﺟ ﹴﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٠٥‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴ ﹶﻞ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﳚﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﻟﺮﺟ ﹴﻞ ﺃﹶﻥ ﻳﺸﺘﺮ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﲔ ﺃﹶﺟﺎ ‪‬ﺯ )ﺑﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﺃﹶﺻ ﹺﻞ‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﻨﺨ ﹺﻞ ﻭﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﲦﺮ ﹲﺓ‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٠٦‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻟﺴﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﷲ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﹸﺃ‪‬ﺑﺮ‪‬ﺕ)‪.(٩)(٨‬‬
‫ﺽ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﹶﺷﻐ ﹶﻞ)‪ (١٠‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻝ)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﺃﻭ)‪ (١٢‬ﻣﺮﺽ ﺃﻭ)‪ (١٣‬ﻋﺠﺰ‪..‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٠٧‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﺭﻯ)‪ (١٤‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪/١٢٨)/‬ﺏ(؛ ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (١٥‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺌﺖ ﻓﺄﻧﻔﻖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲟﺎ ﺃﻧﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺽ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﻀﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺨ ﹺﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎ ‪‬ﺓ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﳌﺎ ﹺﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻗﺘﻀﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺽﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﳚﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ]ﺃﻥ[ ﻳﻨﻔ ‪‬ﻖ ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٠٨‬ﻓﺈﹺﻥ ﻗﻴ ﹶﻞ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺮﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ﺑﻪ؟‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪" (٣‬ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ ﺷﺠﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎﺓ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮ‪ ..‬ﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﻘﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺄﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﲎ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ"‪ .‬ﺍ‪ ’.‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٣١/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٧١‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻗﺎﺓ ﺗﺴﺘﻮﺟﺐ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺣﺼﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻗﻲ ﻓﺘﻨﻘﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲦﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﲟﺜﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺻﻞ ﺑﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲦﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺑﺮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻭﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﳌﺸﺎ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮﺓ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺘﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺘﻨﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻗﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﻭﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺷﻌﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺗﻜﻮﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻮﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٧٩٤‬‬

‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺐ)‪ (١‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﺪ‪‬ﻳﻦﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻤﺎ ﳚﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﻀ ‪‬ﻲ)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺩﻳﻨ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻚ ﺣ ‪‬ﻖ ﻭﺍﺟ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٠٩‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪َ :‬ﻷ ﱠﻥ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ ]ﻫﺬﺍ[؛ ﻷﻥ ﺭﺿﺎﳘﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻌﻤﻼ)‪ (٤‬ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻲ َﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ)‪ (٥‬ﺃﹶﻭﺟﺒﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﹶﻧ ﹸﻔﺴِﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻠﺰﻣﻬﻤﺎ)‪ (٦‬ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺿﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻀﻲ ﱄ ﺑﺎﻹﻧﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ)‪ (٧‬ﻣﺎ ﻟﺰﻣﻪ‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﺣﻜ ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺿﻴﻌ ﹸﺔ)‪ (٨‬ﻣﺎﱄ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﺎ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ]ﺑﻪ[ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﻟﺸﺮﻛﱵ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭ َﻷ ﱠﻥ ]ﰲ[ ﺇﹺﻣﺴﺎ ‪‬ﻛ ‪‬ﻪ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ)‪ (١٣‬ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(١٤‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺭﺟﻌ ‪‬‬‫ﻕ)‪ ..(١٢‬ﻓﻠﺬﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻱ)‪ (١١‬ﺑﺎﻹِﻧﻔﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻌﲎ)‪ (١٠‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﹺﺇﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺟﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﻀﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺩﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻤﻼﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻷ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻠﺰﻣﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﻘﻮﻃﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻌﲎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺑﺎﱐ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻻﺗﻔﺎﻕ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺟﻌﻠﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﺩﺍﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﲑ‪‬ﺍ‪...‬‬ ‫)‪(١٤‬‬
 ‫‪٧٩٥‬‬

‫‪
aD‬א &‪] Q‬وא ?‪)[R‬ﺯ( ‬

‫‪ U 6 P‬‬
‫‪z‬א ‪!9™M‬و‪
fX P \s‬وא ˜‪ E١Fx6 g‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫‪
E

D

C

B  :‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٦١٠‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪‬‬

‫‪]  P

O
N
M
L
K

J
I
H
G
F‬ﺍﻷﻧﻔﺎﻝ‪[٤١ :‬‬

‫)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ]ﺟﻞ ﺛﻨﺎﺅﻩ[‪
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h
g
f
e
d
c
b
a
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_
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‫‪
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y
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‫‪]  $

%
&
'
(
)
*
+
,‬ﺍﳊﺸﺮ‪ ٦ :‬ﻭ‪.(٤) [٧‬‬

‫‪ -٢٦١١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﻐﻨﻴﻤﺔ)‪ (٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻲﺀ ﳚﺘﻤﻌﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻴﻌﻬﻤﺎ)‪.(٦‬‬

‫‪] -٢٦١٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻓﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻭﺟﻒ‪ (٧)/‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻛﺎﺏ‪ ..‬ﻓﺄﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﲬﺎﺳﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﻔﲔ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮﻳﺔ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﺋﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪. :‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﷲ ﲬﺴﻪ  ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ"‪.‬‬

‫ﺖ ﺍﻵﻳ ﹸﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪
%  :%" ,' *+" :& ' (  i



h

g

f  :‬‬

‫)‪ (٤‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﹸﺃﹾﺛﹺﺒ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬

‫‪."$‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻨﻴﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ١٣٩/٤) (٢٩٨/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٤١٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ٣٦٤‬ﻭ‪ (٣٦٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺣﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪ (٦٩/١٢‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ‪$‬ﺃﳝﺎ ﻗﺮﻳﺔ ﺃﺗﻴﺘﻤﻮﻫﺎ ﺃﻗﻤﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺴﻬﻤﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﳝﺎ ﻗﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﺼﺖ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓﹺﺈ ﱠﻥ ﲬﺴﻬﺎ ﷲ ﻭﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻫﻲ ﻟﻜﻢ‪" :#‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﳛﺘﺞ ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻲﺀ ‪‬ﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻭﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻲﺀ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺟﺒﻮﻩ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ‪ :‬ﻻ‬
‫ﲬﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﳋﻤﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻲﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٧٢‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٧٩٦‬‬

‫‪ -٢٦١٣‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﻄﻰ ]ﻣﻨﻬﻢ[ ﺇﻻ )ﺣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ‪.(٣)(٢‬‬

‫ﺱ)‪(٤‬؛ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺁ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﻔﺎﻝ‪ :‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻳﻘﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲬﺴ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﲬﺎ ﹴ‬
‫‪ -٢٦١٤‬ﻭﺍﳋﻤ ‪‬‬

‫‪  J
I
H
G
F
E
D
C
B‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦١٥‬ﻭ  ‪ ..H‬ﻣﻔﺘﺎ ‪‬‬

‫‪ -٢٦١٦‬ﻭﻟﻠﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﲬﺲ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﰉ؛ )ﻭﻫﻢ‪ :‬ﺑﻨﻮ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﻭﺑﻨﻮ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫)ﺯ(‬
‫ﺲ[‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﳋﻤ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٢٦١٧‬ﻭ]ﲬ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﺮﻳﺶ‪(٧‬؛ ﻏﻨﻴ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﻭﻓﻘﲑﹺﻫﻢ؛ َﻷﻧ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﺇﳕﺎ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻋﻄﹸﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﺳ ﹺﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺳ ‪‬ﻢ‪ /‬ﻳﻠﺰ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ﲏ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘ ‪‬ﲑ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺬﻛ ﹺﺮ‬
‫ﻆ ﺍﻷُﻧﺜﻴﲔ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﻣﺜ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﺣ ﱢ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻟﻜﻞ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺳﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻞ ﺭﺍﺟﻞ ﺳﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﻮﻯ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ .‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٢١/٣‬ﻭ)‪(٣١٦/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٩٠/٢‬ﻭ)‪ (١٤٤/٤‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٤١٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٦٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٠٢/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﺮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺎ‪ .‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣١٦/٥‬ﻭ‪ ،(٣٢١‬ﺳﲑ ﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٠٤-٢٠٢/٩‬ﻭ‪ ،(٢٦٦‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪،(١٤٩‬‬
‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٤١٥‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺦ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﻫﻘﲔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻣﻴﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻟﻠﻨﻮﻭﻱ )‪ ،(١٩٠/١٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ،(٣٦٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٠٥/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ١٥٣/٤) (٣٤١/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٦٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٠١/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ١٥٣/٤) (٣٤١/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪" :(٤٨٦/١٦‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﺿﻴﻒ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺗﱪﻛﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ ﺑﺎﲰﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﷲ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻣﺼﺎﺭﻓﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺑﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﺿﻴﻒ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻗﻄﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ﺗﻔﻌﻠﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ؛ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﳐﺘﺼ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻ‪‬ﺎ ﻳﺴﻘﻂ ﲟﻮﺗﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻃﺒﻌﺔ ﺭﻓﻌﺖ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ‪$‬ﺍﻷﻡ‪" :#‬ﺍﷲ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻻﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ "ﷲ"‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.I

H
G  :‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣١٥/٥‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٥٠‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٩٤/٣‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ‪ ‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬
‫‪ .. ‬ﻓﺴﻴﺄﰐ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪) :‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﺑﻨﻮ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻭﺑﻨﻮ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﲑﻫﻢ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٢٥/٥‬ﻭ‪ (٣٣٣‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٥٠‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٦٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٩٤/٣‬‬
 ‫‪٧٩٧‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻏﻨﻴﺎ ِﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺲ ﻟﻠﻴﺘﺎﻣﻰ)‪(١‬؛ ﻭﻫﻢ‪ :‬ﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻳﺘﻴ ﹴﻢ ﻓﻘﲑﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻟﻸﻳﺘﺎ ﹺﻡ‬ ‫ﺲ ﺍﳋﻤ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٢٦١٨‬ﻭﲬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦١٩‬ﻭﲬﺲ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮﺍﺀ)‪(٤‬؛ ﻭﻫﻢ‪ :‬ﺍ ﹸﳌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌ ﱢﻔﻔﹸﻮﻥﹶ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻻ ﺣﺮﻓ ﹶﺔ ﳍﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﲬﺲ‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫]ﺫﻟﻚ[ ﲟﺆﻧﺘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻛﲔ؛ ﻭﻫﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ )ﳍﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺐ‪ (٥‬ﻻ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻓﻮﻥ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٢٠‬ﻭﲬﺲ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ)‪(٨‬؛ ﻭﻫﻢ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﺎﺯﻭﻥ)‪ (٩‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﳑﻦ)‪ (١٠‬ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﻣﻌﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﺤﻤ ﹸﻞ ﺑﻪ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٢١‬ﻭﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ @ﺍﻟﻐﲏ ﰲ ﺑﻠﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍ‪‬ﻬﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﳚﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺴﻠﻔﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻪ!‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻣﻦ )ﻳﺴﻠﻔﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻪ‪ ..(١٢‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٢٦/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٦٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٩٤/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻷﻳﺘﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻁ ﹶﻓ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ‪ .‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٤٧٣/٨‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٦٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ‬‫)‪ (٣‬ﻳ‪‬ﺸﺘﺮ ﹸ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٩٥-٩٤/٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ )ﺹ‪" :(٢٣٥‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﻏﻨﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ" ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺣﺴﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪" :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻨﺎ ﻭﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ" ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪.(٤٩١/١٦‬‬

‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ "ﺍﳌﻮﺿﺢ" ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻐﻠﺲ‪ -‬ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﻭﺑﻪ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻣﺎ ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻗﻨﺎﻉ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ )‪- (١٠٥٧/٣‬ﻧﻘ ﹰ‬
‫ﻉ! ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻐﲏ ﻻ ﺣﻆ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﲨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٢٦/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٦٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٩٥/٣‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﲬﺲ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻛﲔ ﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﲬﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٢٦/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٦٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٩٥/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭﻭﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻓﻴﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﰲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٨٥/٣‬ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ )‪/٧٧/١٧‬ﺃ ‪+‬ﺏ( ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪(٤٤٩/٦‬‬
‫ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٩٥/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺴﻠﻔﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٧٩٨‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻓﻴﻈﻔﺮﻭ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺑﺄﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﻋﻨﻮﺓﹰ‪ ،‬ﺭﺟﺎ ﹰﻻ‬
‫ﺽ ﺍﳊﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺝ ﺇﹺﱃ ﺃﹶﺭ ﹺ‬
‫ﻑ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜ ‪‬ﺮ ﳜﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٢٢‬ﻭﺍﻹﳚﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺭﻛﺒﺎ‪‬ﻧﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻒ )ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ‪ (٣‬ﻫﺬ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻷَﲬﺎﺱﹺ؟‬
‫ﺴ ﹺﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺃﹸﻭ ﹺﺟ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٢٣‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﳊﺠ ﹸﺔ ﰲ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬

‫ﷲ ‪ (٥) ‬ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻪ‪
H
G
F
E
D
C
B  :(٦)/‬‬

‫‪ -٢٦٢٤‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﻮ ﹸﻝ)‪ (٤‬ﺍ ِ‬

‫‪  J
I‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﷲ ‪ (٧)/ ‬ﺳﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﰉ ﺑﲏ‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٢٥‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺩﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻋﻄﺎ ِﺀ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﻭﺑﲏ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ‪] ،‬ﻭﻛﻼﻡ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺇﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻌﻄﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺴﻤﻪ ﺑﲔ ﺑﲏ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﻭﺑﲏ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ[)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﲔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﹸﻋﻄﻮﺍ ﺑﻜﺘﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٢٦‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﺟﺘﻤ ‪‬ﻊ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻋﻄﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﺎﻣﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺍ ِﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻛ ﹺ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺫ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﹺﺇﻳ‪‬ﺎﻫ‪‬ﻢ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺑ ‪‬ﺔ ﺫ‪‬ﻛ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﺎﻣﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺧﱪ ﻳﺼﺢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫ﺍِ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺼﺤﺔ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺋﻪ ﺫﻭﻱ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﰉ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﻦ ﻻ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺒﻠﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﺽ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺴﻠﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺑﺒﻠﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﻜﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٠٥/٦‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ..‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﻮﺯ ﺻﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺻﺮﺡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﺞ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٤٩/٦‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻛﺸ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪/٢٠/٣‬ﺃ( ﻭﱂ ﳛﻚ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻄﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﲑﻱ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺭﺟﺎﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.  :‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/١٩‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٧٣‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،(٣١٤٠) ،...‬ﻋﻦ ﺟﺒﲑ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻄﻌﻢ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺸﻴﺖ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻓﻘﻠﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺑﲏ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﻭﺗﺮﻛﺘﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﳓﻦ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻣﻨﻚ ﲟﱰﻟ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ‪‬ﺓ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪$ : ‬ﹺﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨﻮ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻄ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻭﺑﻨﻮ ﻫﺎﺷ ﹴﻢ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻛﺮﺭﻩ ﺑﺮﻗﻢ )‪ (٣٥٠٢‬ﻭ )‪.(٤٢٢٩‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﱠ ‪‬ﻠ ﹺ‬
 ‫‪٧٩٩‬‬

‫ﷲ ‪ [ ‬ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔﹶ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺑﺎ‪‬ﺎ‬

‫ﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻛ ﹺﺮ ]ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺱ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﻭﻳ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٢٦٢٧‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﺟﺘﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻉ)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎ ِﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﹸﻛ ﱠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﻭﺻﻰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﲬﺲ ﻣﺎﱄ ﻟﻔﻼﻥ ﻭﻓﻼﻥ ﻭﻓﻼﻥ!‪..‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٢٨‬ﰒ ﺇﲨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﻧﻔﺬﻧﺎ ﺃﺻﻞ‬
‫ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﻘﺴﻤﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺅ ﻳﻮﺻﻲ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻔ ﹸﺬ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ ‬ﺃﻭﱃ)‪ (٧‬ﺃﻥ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﹶﻥ‪/١٢٩)/‬ﺏ( ﻳﻮﺿ ‪‬ﻊ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻤﺎ)‪ (٦‬ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٢٩‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻠﻢ)‪ (٨‬ﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ)‪ (٩‬ﺍﷲ ]‪.[‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٣٠‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻟ ﹸﻜ ﱟﻞ ﺳﻬ ‪‬ﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻘﻮﻝ)‪ (١٠‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻢ! ﺑﻼ ﺧﱪ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ)‪  (١١‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻨﺎ)‪ (١‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ]ﻋﻠﻰ[ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺣﺘﺞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ )ﺹ‪ (١١٤‬ﺍﻹﻗﻨﺎﻉ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ )‪.(١٠٥٧/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺫﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ‬‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ )ﺹ‪ (١٠٠‬ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ )ﺹ‪- (١١٢-١١١‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻹﲨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ‪ -‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺬﻛﺎﺭ )‪ (٢٦٣/٧‬ﺍﻹﻗﻨﺎﻉ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨﻌ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ ﻭﺍﳋﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ )‪.(١٣٧٧/٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻋﺎﺩﱐ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺣﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺩﺍﻉ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻊ ﺃﺷﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻐﲏ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺫﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﺛﲏ ﺇﻻ ﺍﺑﻨﺔ ﱄ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻓﺄﺗﺼﺪﻕ ﺑﺜﻠﺜﻲ ﻣﺎﱄ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻻ‪ #‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﻓﺄﺗﺼﺪﻕ ﺑﺸﻄﺮﻩ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻻ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ ."#‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺻﺎﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻠﺚ‪ ،(٢٧٤٤) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻠﺚ‪ ،(١٦٢٨) ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﺩﺭﻱ ﻣﺎ ﻣﺮﺍﺩﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٩‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻘﻮﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٨٠٠‬‬

‫‪ -٢٦٣١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﻌﻄﻬﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻻ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻠﻲ)‪ ..(٢‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺃﻳﺖ ]ﺃﻧﻪ[ ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﺣﻜﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪@ :‬ﻻ ﻧﻌﻄﻬﻢ)‪ !(٣‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﱪ ﻳﺼﺢ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻒ ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪‬‬ ‫ﷲ ‪ ‬؟ ﻓﻜﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻫﻢ‪ ..‬ﺃﹶﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﰲ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺣﺠ ﹲﺔ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ)‪ (٤‬ﺟﺒﲑ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻄﻌﻢ ﰲ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺋﻬﻢ)‪.(٦)(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٣٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑﺎ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﻴﺎ ِﺀ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻮﻥﹶ؟‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﻨ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٣٣‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪َ :‬ﻷ ﱠﻥ ﺍﺳ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺑ ‪‬ﺔ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ‪ (٧)/‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﺻﺎﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻏﲏ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﺳﻢ ]ﺍﻹﳚﺎﻑ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴ ﹺﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﻳ‪‬ﻌﻄﻰ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﳌﻮﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻏﹺﻨﻲ‪‬؛ َﻷ ﱠﻥ ﺍﺳ ‪‬ﻢ[ ﺍﻟﻐﲎ)‪ (٩‬ﻻ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ)‪ (١٠‬ﺣﻴ ﹸ‬
‫ﺚ ﻗﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻏﲏ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٣٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﺳ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﻴ ﹺﻢ ﻳﻠﺰ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻐﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻲ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﱂ ﺗ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻄ ‪‬ﻪ)‪(١١‬؟‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻻﺳ ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﻠﺰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﺳ ﹴﻢ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﻟﻸﺑﺪ)‪ ،(١٢‬ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﹶﻛﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫‪ -٢٦٣٥‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪َ :‬ﻷ ﱠﻥ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺯﺍ ﹶﻝ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻻﺳ ‪‬ﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٣٦‬ﻭ َﻷ ﱠﻥ ﺍﺳ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﻴ ﹺﻢ ﹺﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺻﻔ ﹲﺔ ﰲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪﹺﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ]ﺧﺎﺻ ﹰﺔ[ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﺎ)‪ ،(١٣‬ﹶﻓﻬ‪‬ﻮ)‪ (١‬ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻘﺮﺍ ِﺀ‬
‫ﷲ ‪] ‬ﻣﻌﻬﻢ[‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻄﻮﺍ )ﺑﺼﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﹶﺑﺪﺍ‪‬ﻢ‪ ..(٣‬ﹶﺃﻭ‪‬ﱃ ﺃﹶﻥ ﻳﺸﺒﻬﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺑﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ)‪ (٢‬ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻛ ﹺ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪" :(٣٤٢/٦‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻣﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﰱ ﺫﻟﻚ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﻋﻄﺎﻳﺎﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٣١-٣٢٧/٥‬ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٧٤‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻌﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﺀ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻄﻮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺑﺪﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٨٠١‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﰉ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺰﻭﻝ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﺳ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺑ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﹺﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻋﻄﹸﻮﺍ)‪ (٥‬ﺑﻐﲑﻫﻢ؛ ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫ﺾ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪﹸﻟﻮ ﹶﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺑﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪) ، ‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺑﻮﻥ‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﻀ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﺃﹶﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌ ﹴ‬

‫‪]  ¬

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§  :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٣٧‬ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬

‫ﻚ ﻳﻠﺰ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍ َﻷﺏ‪‬؛ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻻﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﻏﻨ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻘ ‪‬ﲑﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﺃﹶﻫ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠ ﹺﻢ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻻﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫‪ ،[٢٣٣‬ﻓﻈﺎﻫ ‪‬ﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻊ ]ﻟﻪ[ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ ..(٨‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺩﻻﻟ ﹲﺔ)‪ (٩‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﺎﻣﻰ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺫﻛﺮﻭﺍ ﻣﻄﻠ ﹰﻘﺎ)‪ ..(١٠‬ﻓﹺﺈ ﱠﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺳ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﺍﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻟﻠﻔﻘ ﹺﲑ ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻐﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﻷﺷﺒﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺫﻛﺮﻭﺍ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺫﻛﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻧﺼﻔﻪ ﺃﺑﺪﺍ ﻓﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻋﻄﻮﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳍﻢ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻳﺴﺘﻮﻭﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪﻟﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﲡﺐ ﻧﻔﻘﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ؛ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳎﻨﻮﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﺻﻐﲑ‪‬ﺍ ﺯﻣﻨ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻳﻜﻔﻴﻪ ﻟﻨﻔﻘﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻜﺘﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﲞﻼﻓﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ١٦٧/٢‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٨٤/٩‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ )ﺹ‪" :(١١١-١١٠‬ﻭﺃﲨﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﺀ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻻ ﻣﺎﻝ‬
‫ﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﲨﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﱯ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻮﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻩ ﻭﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻔﺮﺩ ﲪﺎﺩ‪ :‬ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ )ﺹ‪" :(٨٠‬ﻭﺍﺗﻔﻘﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﺃﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻏﲏ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٨٠٢‬‬

‫‪fš \s0d› '6 P‬و‪ E١F6 g3I‬‬

‫‪ -٢٦٣٨‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ /‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪a

`

_
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‫]ﺍﳊﺸﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ]ﺍﳊﺸﺮ‪  [(

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x  ،[٦ :‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‬

‫‪.[٧‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻚ ﺑ ﹺﻦ ﺃﻭﺱ‬
‫ﺚ ﻣﺎﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٣٩‬ﰒ ‪‬ﺩﻟﱠﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻨ ﹸﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺜ ﹺﻞ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﱠﻝ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ‪.(٥)#‬‬ ‫ﳊ ‪‬ﺪﺛﺎﻥ)‪$ :(٤‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ‪‬ﺑﻨ‪‬ﻮ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻀ ﹺ‬
‫ﲑ ‪‬ﻣﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﹶﻓﺎ َﺀ ﺍ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﹶ‬
‫ﺏ‪ (٧)/:‬ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳊﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ ﻳﺒﻠ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٤٠‬ﻭﺻﻔﺔ)‪ (٦‬ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻮﺟﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲞﻴ ﹴﻞ ﻭﻻ ﺭﻛﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ ﻟﻐﺰ ﹺﻭﻫ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ؛ ﻓﻴﻬﺎﺑﻮﺍ ﻭﻳﻄﻠﺒﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﻠ ‪‬ﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺪ ‪‬ﺓ)‪ (٨‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺼﺎﳊ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ‬
‫ﺗﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﺃﹶﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ)‪ (٩‬ﻷﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﻄﺎ ِﺀ ﺑﻌ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ)‪] (٢)/ ،(١‬ﻭﺧﺮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺍ َﻷ ‪‬ﺭﺿ‪‬ﲔ[‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﻮﺕ‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٤١‬ﻭﺍﳉﺰﻳ ﹸﺔ)‪ (١١‬ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺸﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ﺃﹶﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳊﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺙ ﻟﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﳑﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﱂ ﻳﻮﺟﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻭﺍﺭ ﹶ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻔﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻭﺱ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺪﺛﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﺯﻋﻢ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﺻﺤﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻭﺭﺩﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ )‪ ،(١٣٤٦/٣‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(٥٢٥/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ، ‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻭﺱ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺪﺛﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﻩ ﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪ ،(٢٩٠٤) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺱ ﹺﺑ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﲑ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍ ‪‬ﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻦ ﻭﻣ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﲑ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻲﺀ‪.(١٧٥٧) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺻﻔﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٧٥‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻌﻀﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٤٠/٥‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٣٨٨/٨‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٦٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٥٤/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﳉﺰﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٨٠٣‬‬

‫ﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ] ‪(٦)[ ‬؛ َﻷ ﱠﻥ‬ ‫ﻀ ﹺﲑ ﻭﹸﻗ ‪‬ﺮﻯ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﺔ)‪ (٥‬ﳑﺎ ﺃﻓﺎ َﺀ ﺍ ُ‬‫‪ -٢٦٤٢‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑ‪‬ﻨﻮ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﺝ ﻳ‪‬ﺮﻳﺪ‪‬ﻫﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺧﺎﺻ ﹰﺔ ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ﹺ‬‫ﺐ ﻟﻐﺰ ﹺﻭﻫ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺧﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻲ ‪ ‬ﻗﺪ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺗﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹِﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳ ﹺﻖ‪ ..‬ﻓﺄﹶﺭﺑﻌ ﹸﺔ ﺃﹶﲬﺎﺳ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ ﻳﻨﻔ ‪‬ﻖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ -٢٦٤٣‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺃﹶﻓﺎ َﺀ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﲔ)‪.(١٢‬‬ ‫ﻉ)‪ (١١‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻼ ﹺ‬
‫ﺡ ﻭﻣﺼﻠﺤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﹶﻫ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ )ﻧﻔﻘ ﹶﺔ ﺳﻨ‪‬ﺘﻬﹺﻢ‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﳚ ‪‬ﻌﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ ﺍﻟ ﹸﻜﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﹺ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٢٠‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ٣٠١/٥‬ﻭ‪ (٣٤٠‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٣٨٨/٨‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٦٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٥٤/٦‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰﻳﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )ﻁ ﺑﻮﻻﻕ( ﻭﻃﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ )‪ ١٣٩/٤‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺮﻯ‬
‫)‪ (١٨٢/٨‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪) :(١٤٨‬ﻗﺮﻯ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻃﺒﻌﺔ ﺭﻓﻌﺖ ﻓﻮﺯﻱ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪) :(٢٩٨/٥‬ﻗﺮﻯ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻁ ﺑﻮﻻﻕ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺷﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺜﺒﺘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻨﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﻀﲑ ﻓﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﲣﺮﻳﺞ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻭﺱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻗﺮﻯ ﻋﺮﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺝ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻲﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺻﻔﺎﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ‪ ،(٢٩٦٦) ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‪  :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻓﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻓﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺟﻔﺘﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻴﻞ ﻭﻻ ﺭﻛﺎﺏ ‪ ,‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‪$ :‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﺮﻯ ﻋﺮﻳﻨﺔ‪ :‬ﻓﺪﻙ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ‪ #‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (٢٩٧١‬ﰲ ﺳﻨﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٩٨/٥‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﺳﻨﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺟﻌﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺡ ﻭﻫﻮ ﳎﺎ ‪‬ﺯ‪.‬‬‫ﺴﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ‪ :‬ﺍﺳ ‪‬ﻢ ﻳ‪‬ﺠﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﳋﻴ ﹶﻞ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻴ ﹸﻞ‪ .‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻟﻠﻨﻮﻭﻱ )‪ (٧٠/١٢‬ﺍﻟ ﹸﻜﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻟ ﹸﻜﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪) (١١٩/٢٢‬ﻛﺮﻉ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﻲ ِﺀ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ‪ ‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺃﺭﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﲬﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﺩﻭﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﱀ ﻛﺎﳋﻤﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪. ‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺗﺰﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺗﻠﲔ ﻛﺄﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﲬﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻴﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٨٠٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ )‪/٧٨/١٧‬ﺏ(‪" :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺷﺪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺍﳉﻮﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺣﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﺰﱐ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ )‪/٧٩/١٧‬ﺃ(‪" :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺇﺫ ﻓﻴﻪ‪- :‬ﰒ ﻧﻘﻞ‬
‫ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪@ :‬ﻟﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ! ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﲬﺎﺱ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺎﱀ ﻓﺎﳌﻘﺪﻡ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺘﺎﺟﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﻋﻴﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻨﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻡ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻫﻢ ﻓﺎﻷﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﳘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﺟﻨﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﻨﺎﰲ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺎﺩ ﻭﻣﻼﺫﻫﻢ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﴰﻠﻬﻢ‪ ...‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﱂ ﺃﺟﺪ ﻧﺼ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻳﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻋﺘ‪‬ﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪- ‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺳﺎﻕ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺱ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺪﺛﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﻨﻀﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ‪ ‬ﰲ‬
‫ﺃﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ -‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٤٠-١٣٩/٤) (٣٠٠/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪" :‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺣﻜﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻣﻀﻴﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﳍﻤﺎ ﳑﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻮﺟﻒ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻲﺀ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﺃ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺳﻮﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺳﲑ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻭﺳﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﳘﺎ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱂ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﺘﻪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺰﻝ ﳛﻔﻆ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻗﻮﳍﻢ؛ ﺃﻧﻪ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻷﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﲬﺎﺱ ﻣﺎ ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺟﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ"‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٥٢٦/٤‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٣٣٥-٣٣٤/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٥٨/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٣٦٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﲬﺲ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻲﺀ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺳﻬﻤﻪ‬
‫ﺺ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﻩ ﰲ ﺍ ُﻷ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻳﺼﺮﻑ ﰲ ﻣﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٤٧ / ٤) (٣٢٦/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪" :‬ﻗﺪ ﻣﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪- ‬ﺑﺄﰊ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺃﻣﻲ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﺿﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻣﻼﺋﻜﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﰲ ﺳﻬﻤﻪ؛ ﻓﻤﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻷﱐ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﲰﻰ ﻟﻪ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺎﺕ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻳﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﲰﻰ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﳛﺴﻦ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺎﺕ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﹰﺎ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﻀﻌﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﻟﻺﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﻀﻌﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ : ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﻌﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺣﺼﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺪ ﺛﻐﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﺮﺍﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻧﻔﻼ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ‪‬ﺍ ﻟﻠﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺻﻨﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪." ‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١٥٠‬‬
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‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻗﺪ ﺳﻘﻂ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪" :(٥٠٦-٥٠٥/١١‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﱂ ﺃﺭﻩ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺷﻴﺨﻨﺎ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻠﻲ" ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻻ ﺃﺻﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ )‪/٦٧/١٧‬ﺏ(‪" :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﻍ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻨﺴﺒﻪ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ"‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺷﺎﺫ ﻣﺮﺩﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﺪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻳﻨﻔﻖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﺳﻨﺘﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺿﺢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﺘﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺮﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﲤﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻ ﹰﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﺍﱄ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٥٢٢/٤‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﻋﻦ ﲬﺲ ﺍﻟﻔﻲﺀ‪" :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺼﺮﻑ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺘﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ﰲ ﺣﻜﺎ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻫﺬﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ‪‬ﻋﺪ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻩ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺷﺎﺫﹰﺍ ﻏﺮﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺮﺩﻭﺩ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺧ ﱠﻄﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻷَﺻﺤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ )‪ (٣٣٠/٧‬ﳌﺎ ﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ‪" :‬ﻭﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮﻭﻥ ﻧﻘﻠﻮﻩ ﻣﺬﻫﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﺴﺒﻮﻩ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻞ ﺇﻥ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﲔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﺍﱄ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪" :(٥٠٦-٥٠٥/١١‬ﻭﺫﻫﺐ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻀﺎﻓﹰﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺼﺮﻭﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻭﺯﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﺼﺢ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ‪ /‬ﻭﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺻﻴﻐ ﹲﺔ ﳐﺘﻠ ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﳐﺘﻠﺔ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ" ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‪" :‬ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﻴﹶﻠ ﹲﺔ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ" ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (٤٨٧/١٦‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﻘﻮﻃﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ )‪/٦٧/١٧‬ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺭﺍﱐ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (٤٨٧/١٦‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ )‪/٦٧/١٧‬ﺃ( ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ ﺩﺍﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺭﺍﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﲔ ﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺼﺢ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )‪ (٢٢٩/١٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٥٥/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٦٤‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (٤٨٦/١٦‬ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ )‪/٦٦/١٧‬ﺏ( ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٨٣/٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٩٣/٣‬‬
‫ﻟﻄﻴﻔﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﻭﺭﺩﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٣٩١/٨‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻄﺄﻩ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺧﺴﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ )‪ (٩/١٠‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﺧﻄﺄﻩ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﻼ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺒﲔ ﻳﺘﱪﺃ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻭﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﻳﻨﺴﺒﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻏﲑﻩ ﺃﻭ ﺧﺼﻮﻣﻪ ‪-‬ﺇﻥ ﺟﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ‪ -‬ﻻ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻮﻕ ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺪ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٨٠٦‬‬

‫ﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻘﺴﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ؛ ﻟﻠﺮﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﻭﻣﻦ ﹸﺫ ‪‬ﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻌﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٤٤‬ﻭﺍﳋﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ‬
‫ﺲ ﳑﺎ ﺃﻭﺟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺨﻤﺲ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﲬﺎﺱ)‪ (٢‬ﳑﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻮﺟﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪] ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﳋﻤ ﹺ‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٤٥‬ﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﰲ ﻛﹸﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻋﻬﹺﻢ ﻭﺳﻼ ‪‬ﺣﻬﹺﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺼﻠﺤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ[‪ ..‬ﺑﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ‪-‬ﳑﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﱂ ﻳﻮﺟﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻭﺟﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪ -(٥‬ﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﰉ‬ ‫ﳋﻤ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺱﺍﹸ‬‫‪ -٢٦٤٦‬ﻭﺃﹶﺭﺑﻌ ﹸﺔ ﺃﹶﲬﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺘﺎﻣﻰ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻛﲔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻟ ﹸﻜ ﱢﻞ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺑ ‪‬ﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ)‪ (٧‬ﺻﺎ ‪‬ﺣﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹸﻞ ﺻﻨ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٤٧‬ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺘﺎﻣﻰ ﻭﺍﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻨﻮﺍ ﲨﻴ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‪ ..‬ﺗ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٤٨‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﹶﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ﲏ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺍ ُﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹶﻔ‪‬ﺘﻬﹺﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻟ ﹸﻜ ﱢﻞ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ]ﲟﺜ ﹺﻞ[ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻓﻠﻢ)‪ (١٠‬ﻳﻜ ‪‬ﻔ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺳﻬﻤ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ)‪ (١١‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻒ ﻭﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﻓﻀﻠ ﹲﺔ ﻭﺍﻓﺘﻘ ‪‬ﺮ)‪ (٩‬ﺻﻨ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٤٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﲎ ﺻﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻵ ‪‬ﺧﺮﹺﻳ ‪‬ﻦ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٥٠‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻋﻮﺯ ﺻﻨﻒ‪ ..‬ﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ)‪ (١‬ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻑ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ "ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ‪ "...‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ @ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ!‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٤١/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٥٥/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﲬﺎﺱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﻨﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٢٦/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٥٥/٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ )‪/٧٧/١٧‬ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺇﳚﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﳋﻤﺴﺔ ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ‪ ...‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﺎﻗﺘﻀﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻮ ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﳍﻢ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻓﺘﻘﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﱂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ )‪/٧٧/١٧‬ﺏ(‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٨٠٧‬‬

‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺃﻫ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺻﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٥١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪/١٣٠)/ :‬ﺏ( )ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪﻯ ﺳﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ (٣‬ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹸﻛ ﱠﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﻋﻮﺯ ﺻﻨﻒ‪ ..‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ)‪ (٥‬ﺑﻘﻲ)‪ (٦‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻑ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﷲ‬
‫‪ -٢٦٥٢‬ﻓﺈﹺﻥ ﻗﻴ ﹶﻞ‪ :‬ﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺭ‪‬ﻭﻯ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻨﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﻀ ﹺﲑ ﳑﺎ ﺃﹶﻓﺎ َﺀ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ ‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻳﻨﻔ ‪‬ﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﹶﻫ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﻔﻘ ﹶﺔ ﺳ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻘ ‪‬ﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮ‪‬ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﺮﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺴﻠﹶﺎﺡ‪ ،(٩)#‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺬ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ]ﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻪ[ ﺳﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﰉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﹸﺫ ‪‬ﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻄ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘﻬ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﻉ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﳚﻌﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟ ﹸﻜﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﹺ‬
‫ﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؟‪.‬‬‫ﳑﺎ ﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﻮﺟ‪‬ﻒ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻄ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﳑﺎ ﺃﹸﻭﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﰊ)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺒﺔ‪‬؛ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻳ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﺑﻪ)‪ (١١‬ﺍﳋﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٥٣‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﹺﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹶ‬
‫ﺚ ﻛﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻋﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٥٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ)‪ :(١٢‬ﻭﺃﻳﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ؟‬
‫ﺼﺎ‪ #‬ﳛﺘﻤﻞ‪@ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٥٥‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‪$ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺧﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻛﻠﻬﺎ! ﻭﳛﺘﻤﻞ‪@ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ)‪ (١‬ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪] ‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ[ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﻔﲔ!؛‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٣٥٨/٦‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻑ‪ ..‬ﻭﺯ‪‬ﻉ ﻧﺼﻴﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﲔ ﻛﺎﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺎﱀ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎ"‪..‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ )‪/٧٧/١٧‬ﺏ(‪" :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻔﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻌﻄﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻀﺎﻓﹰﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﺎﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﺎﻡ"‪ .‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (٤٩٤/١٦‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٨٩/٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٩٥/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻌﺪﺍ ﻟﺴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﺪﺍ ﺳﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻫﻮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪. ( ٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺳﺒﻖ‬
‫ﻗﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻮﱐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٨٠٨‬‬

‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪- ‬ﰲ ﺳﻴﺎﻕ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻂ )ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ (٢‬ﺑﻐﲑ ﺇﳚﺎﻑ‪-‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ ‬ﻗﺪ‬ ‫‪  *

+
,
~
}
|
{
z
y
x  :‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ‪ ..‬ﺩ ﱠﻝ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍ َ‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ]ﺣ ﹰﻘﺎ[‪ ،‬ﺃﹶﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﹺﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﻒ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺣ ﹰﻘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺟﻌ ﹶﻞ ﳍﻢ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﹸﻭ ﹺﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺟﻌ ﹶﻞ ﳍﻢ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ‬
‫ﻂﺍُ‬ ‫ﷲ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻮﺟﻔﲔ‪ ،-‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺳﱠﻠ ﹶ‬ ‫ﲔ ]ﺑﺘﺴﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻄﻬﹺﻢ ﺃﹶﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﲬﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﳌﻦ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤﻰ)‪ (٤‬ﺍ ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ[‬
‫ﷲ ‪ -‬ﺟ ﱠﻞ ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺰ‪ -‬ﺇﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ..‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﻔ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻂﺍِ‬ ‫ﻑ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺘﺴﻠﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪ ‬ﺑﻐ ﹺﲑ ﺇﳚﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﹺﺑﺘ‪‬ﺴﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻄ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٦‬ﻛﻤﺎ ]ﻛﺎﻥ[ ﺛﺎﺑ‪‬ﺘﺎ)‪ (٧‬ﳍﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻔﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺛﺎﺑ‪‬ﺘﺎ)‪ (٥‬ﻷﻭﻟﺌ ‪‬‬
‫ﳋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﹺﺑﺈﹺﳚﺎ‪‬ﻓﻬﹺﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍ ﹸ‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺸﻲ ٍﺀ‪ ..‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ‪‬ﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺪﻟﻠﻨﺎ)‪ (٩‬ﺑﺂﻳ ‪‬ﺔ‬
‫‪ -٢٦٥٦‬ﻭﻻ)‪ (٨‬ﺷﻲﺀ ﺃﻭﱃ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ ‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻮﺟﻔﻮﺍ‪ ..‬ﺑﺂﻳﺔ ﺍﳊﺸﺮ)‪ (١١‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻠﺔ‪ ..‬ﺑﺄﻥ ﳍﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻷَﻧﻔﺎ ﹺﻝ ﺍﳌﻔﺴﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﺑﺎﳋﻤﺲ ﳌﻦ)‪ (١٠‬ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺪﻟﻠﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ]ﻋﻠﻰ[ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻛﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺻﺎ‪ ..‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺟﻔﲔ؛ َﻷ ﱠﻥ‬ ‫ﷲ ‪ (١٢)/ ‬ﺧﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ ، ‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻟﺮﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺚ ﲟﺎ)‪ (١٣‬ﺩ ﱠﻝ‪ /‬ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ﹸﻥ ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺸ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹸ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ ‬ﳌﺎ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮﻫ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺁﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳊﺸ ﹺﺮ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍَ‬
‫ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺋﻬﻢ)‪ ..(١٥‬ﺃﹶﻭﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻤﻠﻪ)‪ (١‬ﻋﺎﻡ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻓﻤﻨﻌﻬﻢ)‪ (٣‬ﻣﺎ ﲰﻲ ﳍﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﹸﺫ ‪‬ﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁ ‪‬ﻥ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ‪ :‬ﺳﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﺍﻳﻨﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺘﺴﻠﻴﻄﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺍﺗﺒﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ ، :‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﺍﻳﻨﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٧‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺪﻟﻠﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﱂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻤﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٧٧‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﻋﻄﺎﻳﺎﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٨٠٩‬‬

‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﳕﺎ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‪$ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪‬‬
‫ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﺬ ﹾﻛ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ‪ ..‬ﺍﻛ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﻲ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ ،(٥)/#‬ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﳑﺎ ﺃﻭﺟﻔﻮﺍ ]ﻋﻠﻴﻪ[ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﲬﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻛﺘﻔﻰ ]ﺑﺬﻛﺮ[ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺇﻳﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺃﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻫﻢ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٥٧‬ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﻮﺯ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻏﻨﻤﻮﺍ‪@ :‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻴﻤ ﹸﺔ‪ ..‬ﻏﻨﻴﻤ ﹸﺔ ﺟﻴ ﹺ‬
‫ﺶ ﻛﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ! ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ)‪ (٩‬ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﳌﻦ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤﻰ)‪ (١٠‬ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﺟ ﱠﻞ ﹶﺛﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺲ‬
‫ﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺍﳋﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ‪$ : ‬ﻣﺎ ﱄ ﳑﺎ ﺃﻓﺎ َﺀ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﻗﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٥٨‬ﺃﻭﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺲ[ ﻣﺮﺩﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ﻓﻴﻜﻢ‪ ،(١٢)#‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺧﱪ ] ‪ [ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺧﱪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﺩﻭﺩ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ؛ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ‬
‫]ﻭﺍﳋﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻭﻟﻐﲑ ‪‬ﻩ ﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺣ ‪‬ﻖ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ]ﻛﺎﻥ[‬
‫ﱯ ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﳋﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺎ)‪ ،#(١٣‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺣ ‪‬ﻖ ﻟﻘﻮ ﹴﻡ ‪‬ﺳﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮ ﹸﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‪$ :‬ﻟﻪ ﺧﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪) :‬ﳛﻤﻠﻪ( ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳛﻤﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺎﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻤﻨﻌﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻛﺘﻔﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٢٠‬ﺏ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺬﻛﺮﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٣٤٢/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻤﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (٢٢٧١٨ :٣٩١/٣٧‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻲﺀ )‪ (٤١٣٨ :١٣١/٧‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ‬
‫)‪ (١٩٣/١١‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ (٤٩/٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ (٢٦١/٩‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪ (٣٠٣/٦‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻐﺮﻯ )‪(١٩٣/٨‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻴﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ )‪ (٣١٩/٣‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ (٢٢ :٤٥٧/٢‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﻮﺻﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﻴﺐ ﻣﺮﺳ ﹰ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (٦٧٢٩ :٣٣٩/١١‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ (٣٦٨٨ :٢٦٢/٦‬ﻭ)‪ (٤١٣٩ :١٣١/٧‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‬
‫)‪.(٣٣٧-٣٣٦/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺧﺎﺻ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٨١٠‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺎﻩ؛ ﻓﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺶ ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﻣﻌﺴﻜﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺚ‬ ‫‪] -٢٦٥٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻏﺰﺍ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﺎﳉﻴ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ..‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺃﺻﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺍﻳﺎ‪ ..‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﹶﺻﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺧﻠ ﹲﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺟﺎ ﻇﻔ ‪‬ﺮﺍ)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻭ)‪ (٥‬ﺭﺃﻯ ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻧﻈ ﹴﺮ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺃﻥ‬
‫‪ -٢٦٦٠‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻨ ﱢﻔ ﹶﻞ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٦١‬ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻔ ﹸﻞ)‪ (٧‬ﻣﻦ ﲬﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﱄ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ ‬ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﲑﺍ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﲑﺍ‪،‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٦٢‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪$ :‬ﻧ ﱠﻔﹶﻠﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ)‪ (٩‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎﻧ‪‬ﻨﺎ)‪ (١٠‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﲑﺍ‪.(١١)#‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺑﻌﺚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٢٢/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٧٩/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻇﻔﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣١٢/٥‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٦٨/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺸﺮﻃﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﳌﻦ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﲟﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻧﻜﺎﻳﺔ ﺯﺍﺋﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻗﻊ ﻇﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺷﺮ‪ .‬ﺍ ’ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٦٨/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺇﻥ ﻧﻔﻞ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﳌﺮﺻﺪﺓ ﺑﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺇﺷﻜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺮﻃﻪ‬
‫ﳑﺎ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﺤﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﺗﺄﰐ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻱ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻴﻤﺔ ﻳﻌﻄﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻞ؟‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻄﻰ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﲬﺲ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺭﺃﺱ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺴﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺣﺴﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﲬﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻴﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣١٢/٥‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٩‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (٤٦٢/١١‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪(٤٠٢/٨‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻟﺮﺿﺦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻴﻤﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٣٤٩/٧‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻓﻴﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻭﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻻﻥ ﻭﻭﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻇﻬﺮﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﻔﻞ ﻣﻦ ﲬﺲ ﲬﺴﻪ" ﻭﺗﺎﺑﻌﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ :(٣٦٩/٦‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻭﺟﻪ ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺻﺤﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﲬﺲ ﲬﺴﻬﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻗﻮ ﹲﻝ ﻻ ﻭﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺳﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣١١/٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ‬
‫ﻟﻨﻮﺍﺋﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ )‪ (٣١٣٤‬ﻭ)‪ (٤٣٣٨‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻧﻔﺎﻝ )‪.(١٧٤٩/٣٦) (١٧٤٩/٣٥‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٨١١‬‬

‫‪ -٢٦٦٣‬ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ)‪ (٢)(١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺩ)‪ (٣‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ َﺀ ‪‬ﺓ ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺔ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﺜﻠ ﹶ‬
‫ﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑ ‪‬ﻊ‪..‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﻣﺜ ﹸﻞ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ )‪ (٥‬ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻣﻌﲎ ﲢﺪﻳﺪﻩ‬
‫‪ (٧)/‬ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻧﻔﻠﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﺀﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ)‪ (٨‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺫﻟﻚ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻜﺤﻮﻝ)‪ (١٠)(٩‬ﳎﻤﻞ؛ ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻊ ﳑﺎ)‪ (١‬ﹸﺃﻋﻄﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ﻣﺎ ﹸﺃﻋﻄﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻊ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪$ :‬ﺍﺛﲏ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺑﻌﲑ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺑﻌﲑ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،#‬ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﻨﺪﳘﺎ ‪$‬ﺍﺛﲏ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﲑﺍ‪ #‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺰﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺳﻠﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻭﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺻﺤﺒﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻟﻜﺜﺮﺓ ﺟﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﳎﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺃﺭﻣﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﺰﻝ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺮﻭﺑﻪ ﻭﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺭﻣﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ‪‬ﺎ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻤﺴﲔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ )‪ ،(٣٢٠/١‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ )‪(٢٢/٢‬‬
‫ﺲ‬
‫ﺚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳋﻤ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺲ ﰲ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ﱠﻔ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻠ ﹶ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪ ‬ﺇﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻧ ﱠﻔ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺑ ‪‬ﻊ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳋﻤ ﹺ‬
‫ﰲ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (١٧٤٦٥ :١٠/٢٩‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ (٤٥٦/١٤‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻞ )‪ ٢٧٤٩‬ﻭ‪ (٢٧٥٠‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻞ )‪ (٢٨٥٣‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (١٠٧٩ :٢٧١‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ )‪ (٤٨٣٥ :١٦٥/١١‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ ٣١٣/٦‬ﻭ‪.(٣١٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺟﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﲡﺪﻳﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲡﺮﻳﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٧٨‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻣﻜﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﱂ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﲎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﰲ ﻛﻨﻴﺘﻪ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺸﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﱃ ﻻﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻫﺬﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺙ ﻋﻦ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺛﻠﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻘﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﰊ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻫﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺙﹶ‬
‫ﻋ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻭﺍﻗﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻜﺤﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﺃﻓﻘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺤﻮﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺑﻀﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺳﲑ ﺃﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻼﺀ )‪ ،(١٥٥/٥‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(٩٦٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻭﻱ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪-‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺯﻳﺪ‪ -‬ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻜﺤﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ : ‬ﻧﻔﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ‪ .#‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٨١٢‬‬

‫ﺚ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴﻦ‪‬؛ َﻷ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﰒ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻔ ﹶﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﺚ ﺍﺑ ﹺﻦ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﺣﺪﻳ ﹲ‬
‫‪ -٢٦٦٤‬ﻭﺣﺪﻳ ﹸ‬
‫‪ -٢٦٦٥‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‪/١٣١)/‬ﺏ( ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﳌﻔﺴﺮ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑ ﹺﻊ‪ ..‬ﺃﹶﻥ ﻳﻌﻄﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻬ ﹺﻢ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺳﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٦٦‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﺃﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻳﺤﻤ ﹶﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹸ‬
‫ﺚ ﰲ ﺇﹺﻋﻄﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﳋ ‪‬ﻤ ﹺ‬ ‫ﲔ)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻏﲑﹺﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻹِﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ﹺ‬
‫ﺲﺍﹸ‬ ‫‪ (٤) ‬ﺳﻬ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﳌﹸﻮﺟﹺﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻟﻐ ﹺﲑ ‪‬ﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍ َﻷﺋ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬‫ﷲ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﺋ ﹺﻢ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٦٧‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻟﺮﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﻲ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ‬‫ﷲ ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻐﻨﹺﻴﻤ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ..‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻳﺼﲑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﹶﺄﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻟﺮﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻒ)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻭ ﺟﺎﺭﻳ ﹲﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺱ)‪ (٨‬ﺃﻭ ﺳﻴ ‪‬‬‫ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻳ‪‬ﺨﺘﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻩ ]ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻲ ‪ [ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐ‪‬ﻨﻴﻤﺔ‪‬؛ ﺗﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪.(١٠) ‬‬
‫َﻷ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍ َﻷ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٦٨‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﱂ ﳜﺘﻠﻔﻮﺍ ﰲ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (٢٢٧٢٦ :٣٩٦/٣٧‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻞ )‪ ،(٢٨٥٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﲑ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻞ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ ،(١٥٦١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻛﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﺴﻦ! ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٦٩/٦‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ )‪ (٤٨٥٥ :١٩٣/١١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺷﻌﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﺭﻧﺆﻭﻁ‪ :‬ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺣﺴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣١٣/٥‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٤٠٢-٤٠١/٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٣٥٠/٧‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺎﻻﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ" ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٦٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪.(١٠٢/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺴﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺇﺫ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﻓﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٣١٢/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻔﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﺮﺳ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺳﻴﻔﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ١٤٠/٤) (٣٠٠/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٨١٣‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א ‪YD‬א‪3 72‬ز‪ k‬‬

‫‪ -٢٦٦٩‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻗﺘﺎﺩﺓ)‪ (٢‬ﻧﺄﺧﺬ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺍ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺣﻨ ﹴ‬
‫ﲔﺣ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﺐ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻗﺒﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٧٠‬ﻭﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ َﻷ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺳﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺑ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﻣﻨﻬﺰ ‪‬ﻣﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺳﻠﺐ ﻟﻪ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﺐ ﳌﻦ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻗﺒﺎﻝﹺ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻹِﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺃﹶﻭ)‪ (٧‬ﱂ ﻳﻘﻠﻪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﺴﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٧١‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ١٤٠/٤) (٣٠٠/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱂ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﻳﺰﻝ ﳛﻔﻆ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﳍﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻷﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺃﲬﺎﺱ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻮﺟﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺬﻛﺎﺭ )‪" :(٨٣/٥‬ﺃﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻲ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻷﺣﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺛﻮﺭ ﺣﻜﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ﳜﺎﻟﻒ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻗﻨﺎﻉ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ‬
‫)‪.(١٠٥٥/٣‬‬
‫ﻼ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹲﺔ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ‪ #‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ $ :‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻗﺘ‪‬ﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﳜﻤﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻼﺏ‪ ،(٣١٤٢) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﲑ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻘﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ‬
‫ﺳﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ‪.(١٧٥١) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺿﺎﺑﻂ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻘﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺭﻛﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺭ ﰲ ﻗﻬﺮ ﻛﺎﻓﺮ ﻣﻘﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﺷﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ "ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ"‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻴﻮﺩ؛ ﺃﺣﺪﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺭﻛﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺭ؛ ﻓﻠﻮ ﺭﻣﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺼﻦ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ‬
‫ﺳﻠﺒﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺇﻗﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺘﻠﻪ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻬﺰﻡ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻮ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺃﺳﲑ‪‬ﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻧﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍ‪‬ﺰﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺳﻠﺐ ﻟﻪ‪- ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ -‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻗﻬﺮﻩ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﻘﺘﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺛﺨﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻣﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻖ ِﺀ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﻄﻊ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪(٣٠٩-٣٠٨/٥‬‬
‫)‪ ١٤٢/٤‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٥٣٧/٤‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ )‪ (٣٥٥/٧‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٣٥٨-٣٥٧/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ (٣٧٣-٣٧٢/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٣٦٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٠٩/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٧٦/٦‬‬
‫‪ ٨١٤‬‬

‫ﺐ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺗ ﹺﻞ ﺇﻻ ﺃﹶﻥ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻹِﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ‬

‫ﺴﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٧٢‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺳﻠﺒﻪ!)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻗﺘﻴ ﹰ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﱯ‬
‫ﺚ ﺃﹶﰊ ﻗﺘﺎﺩﺓﹶ؛ َﻷ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﱯ ‪/ ‬‬
‫ﻚ‪ :‬ﺳﻨ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٧٣‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠ ﹸﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺴﹶﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻼ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ‪ #‬ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﻞ ﺃﹶﰊ ﻗﺘﺎﺩ ﹶﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹶﻞ ]ﺑﻴﻮ ﹴﻡ[‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ $ :‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﻗﹶﺘﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺘ ﹺﻞ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺗ ﹺﻞ ﺇﻻ ﹺﺑ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٧٤‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﻼ ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹲﺔ‪ ،#...‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﹶﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٧٥‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ $ : ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﻗﹶﺘﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﹺﺑ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺃﹶﰊ ﻗﺘﺎﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺲ ‪‬ﺳﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ)‪(٥‬؛ َﻷ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﱯ ‪ ‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٧٦‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٧٧‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﹶﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﹺﺇ ﱠﻥ‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٧٨‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﱡﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﲬﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ $ :‬ﹸﻛﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﱪﺍ ِﺀ ﻗﺪ ﺑﻠ ﹶﻎ ﻣﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻛﺜ ‪‬ﲑﺍ‪.(٧)#‬‬
‫‪‬ﺳﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻮﺓﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﳌ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻄ ﹶﻘ ﹸﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹺﻞ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻼﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ﹶﻔﺮ‪‬ﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٧٩‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺳﻼ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺁﻟ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،(٢)/‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ)‪ (٣‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﹰﻓﺎ)‪.(٥)(٤‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٠٩/٥‬ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺮﺡ ﰲ ﺳﲑ ﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٠٥/٩‬ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﲪﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻮﻁ )‪ (٤٧/١٠‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺋﻖ )‪.(١٠١/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٧٩‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻝ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٣٠٩/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻗﺘﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :(٣٠٨/٥) :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ"‬
‫ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺼﺮﺡ ﺑﺎﺷﺘﺮﺍﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(٣٩٥/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٠٩/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٧٥/٦‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻗﻮﻻﻥ؛ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳜﻤﺲ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ (٩٤٦٨ :٢٣٣/٥‬ﻭﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ )‪ (٢٧٠٨ :٢٦٣/٢‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪(٣٧١/١٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻮﺍﻧﺔ )‪ (٦٦٥٩ :٢٤٣/٤‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ )‪ (١٢٧/١١‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺤﺎﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‬
‫)‪ (٥٢٠٠ :٢٢٩/٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ )‪ (١١٨٠ :٢٧/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ .(٣١١-٣١٠/٦‬ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻤﺎﱐ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻲ ﻭﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺭﻭﺍﺀ )‪.(٥٧/٥‬‬
 ‫‪٨١٥‬‬

‫)‪(٧‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﳑﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺄﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻪ‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٨٠‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﺏ)‪.(٨‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﺸﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻂ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪ (٤٢٣/٢٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٠٠/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]‪/٢١‬ﺃ[ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺧﻼﻓﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣٠٩/٥‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٣٩٩/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٧٥/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ،(٣٦٥‬ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ ﺃﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻗﻮﻟﲔ ﺃﻇﻬﺮﳘﺎ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻧﺺ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻓﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﲔ ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪" :(٤٥٦/١١‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﻴﺨﻲ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻩ ﺭﲪﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪-‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺐ ﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺧﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٣٠٩/٥‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺐ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺷﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﺢ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ١٤٣-١٤٢/٤) (٣٠٩/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺳﻠﺒﻪ ﺳﻮﺍﺭ ﺫﻫﺐ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺧﺎﰎ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ؛ ﻓﻠﻮ ﺫﻫﺐ ﺫﺍﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﳑﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﺒﻪ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺬﻫﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻟﻪ ﺳﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﻟﻪ ﺳﻼﺡ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺟﺰﻡ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺐ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )‪ (١٤٩/١‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪" :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺛﻮﺏ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻼﺣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻄﻘﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺮﺳﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﻛﺒﻪ ﺃﻭ ﳑﺴﻜﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺪﻩ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" (٣٧٥/٦‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻟﻄﻮﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﰎ ﻭﺍﳍﻤﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﻮﻻﻥ؛ ‪-‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ‪ ... -‬ﺃﻇﻬﺮﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺳﻠﺐ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺴﻠﻮﺑﺔ‪ ....‬ﻭﺍﳊﻘﻴﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺘﻌﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺳﻠﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ )ﺹ‪ (٢٣٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٦٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٠٠/٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٤٤/٦‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪" :(٤٢٢/١٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪) : -‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﺍﳊﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ(‪ ...‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻭﻣﺄ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ "ﺍﻷُﻡ"‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪) :-‬ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺃﺻﺢ( ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮﻩ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٤٠٠-٣٩٩/٨‬ﺟﻌﻞ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻮﻝ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺃﺣﺪﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺳﻠﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪...‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻠﻲ ﻭﻟﺒﺎﺱ‪ ...‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺳﻠﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻏﻨﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺭﺣﻠﻪ‪...‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٨١٦‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺴﹶﻠﺐﹺ‪ ،‬ﺃﹶﻻ‬
‫‪‬ﺳﹶﻠﺐ‪‬؛ َﻷ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻳﻘ ‪‬ﻊ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﺳ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٨١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ]ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ[‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺐ ﻓﻼ ﹲﻥ ﻓﻼ‪‬ﻧﺎ! ﻭﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺳﹶﻠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﹶﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻯ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻳ‪‬ﻘﺎ ﹸﻝ‪ @ :‬ﺳﹶﻠ ‪‬‬

‫‪3  a>Ddx 'z6 P‬س ‬

‫ﺱ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﺇﹺﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻞ)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﻻ ﻟﻔﺮ ﹴ‬
‫‪ -٢٦٨٢‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٨٣‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ -‬ﻓﻴﻪ" ﻓﻴﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻠﻲ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﳑﺎ ﻻ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻨﺪﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪.(٤٢٢/١٦‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣١٧/٥‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٩‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٦٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٠٤/٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٤٩/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ )ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻔﺺ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﻌ‪‬ﻤﺮﻱ( ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻗﺪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﻔﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ‪‬ﻭﺍﹶﻓﻰٰ ﺑﺄﻓﺮﺍﺱ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻡ ﺧﻴﱪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺴﻬﻢ ﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ"‪ ،‬ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪ (٣٢٨/٦‬ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ )‪.(٢٥٣/٩‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ‪ .. ‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ‬
‫)‪ (١٥٨/١١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﺸﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪-‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ -‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺎﺭﺿﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺱ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺧﻴ ‪‬ﱪ ﻓﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ‬؛ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﺑ ‪‬ﲑ ﺣﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﺄﻓﺮﺍ ﹴ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ ‬ﺇﻻ ﻟﻔﺮﺳﲔ"‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺗ ﹸﻜﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺇﹺﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ"‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﱪ ﻣﻌﺎﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺴ ﹺﻬﻢ ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺨﱪ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﱂ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻘﻢ ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﺠﺔ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪‬ﺗ ﹸﻜﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ‪ ."...‬ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻤﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﺱ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻗﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﻦ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺴﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﻻ ﻟﻔﺮ ﹴ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ ١٤٥/٤) (٣١٨/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﺜ ﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺘ‪‬ﺎ ‪-‬ﰒ ﺳﺎﻕ ﺳﻨﺪﻩ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ‬
‫ﱪ ﻳﺜﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺧﻼﻓﻪ ﺧ ‪‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٨١٧‬‬

‫‪ -٢٦٨٤‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﻟﻔﺮﺳﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪﻻﻟ ﹸﺔ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪(٥‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺳﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻕ ﺍﳋﻴ ﹺﻞ‪ ..‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﻬﻢ ﳍﺎ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﳊﻘﺖ ﳊﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳍﺠﻦ‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٨٥‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ)‪ :(٢‬ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺫﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ)‪.(٦‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻀﺮﺏ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻐﻨﻢ ﺑﺄﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺳﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﺳﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻬﻤﲔ ﻟﻔﺮﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﰉ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ )‪@ :(٢٣٥/٣‬ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ!‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻨﺤﻮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (١٤٢٥ :٤٠/٣‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺳﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺳﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻓﺮﺳﻪ ﺳﻬﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺳﻬﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪ (٣٥٩٣) ،‬ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪﻩ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪@ :‬ﺿﺮﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ ﺧﻴﱪ ﻟﻠﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻡ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺳﻬﻢ؛ ﺳﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻠﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﺳﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﰉ ﻟﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻬﻤﲔ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺱ!‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻋﻲ ﻭﺃﲪﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻻ‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻬﻢ ﻟﻔﺮﺳﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﻬﻢ ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺳﲑ ﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻋﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٠٠/٩‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺷﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )‪١٤٥ / ٤) (٣١٩/٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪" :‬ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻜﺤﻮﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ .. ‬ﻣﺮﺳﻞ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺣﻀﺮ ﺧﻴﱪ ﺑﻔﺮﺳﲔ ﻓﺄﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫‪ ‬ﲬﺴﺔ ﺃﺳﻬﻢ ﺳﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺳﻬﻢ ﻟﻔﺮﺳﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻣﻜﺤﻮﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺣﻀﺮ‬
‫ﺧﻴﱪ ﺑﻔﺮﺳﲔ ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺃﺳﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﺃﻋﺮﻑ ﲝﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﻭﺃﺣﺮﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﷲ"‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ )‪" :(٢٣٦/٣‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪@ :-‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﲪﺪ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻄﻰ ﻟﻔﺮﺳﲔ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻪ! ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻌﺔ" ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﰲ ﺳﻨﻨﻪ )‪:٢٨١/٢‬‬
‫ﻳﺰﺍﺩ؛ ﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ (٢٧٧٤‬ﻋﻦ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺎﺵ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻋﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﺨﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻕ ﻓﺮﺳﲔ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺱ" ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﻀﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﰊ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪) (٢٤٧/٣٤‬ﺑﺮﺫﻥ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﹺﺒ ‪‬ﺮﺫﹶﻭ ﹸﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻴ ﹺﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻦ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ )‪(٤٠/٦‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﳋﻴ ﹺﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟﺪ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺫ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ﹲﺔ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺣ‪‬ﺼﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮﰊ‪‬؛ ﻭ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻴ ﹲﻞ‪ :‬ﻫ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺠ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍ ﹶﳍ ﹺ‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪) (٢٧٤/٣٦‬ﻫﺠﻦ(‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٣١٧/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٦٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٠٤/٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٤٩/٦‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻠﻔﺎﺭﺱ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻭﻟﻠﻔﺮﺱ ﺳﻬﻤﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٣١٦/٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﻌﻄﻰ ﺇﻻ ﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻋﺮﺑﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻛﺎﻟﱪﺫﻭﻥ ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﻩ ﺃﻋﺠﻤﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳍﺠﲔ ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ‬
‫ﻋﺮﰊ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻘ ﹺﺮﻑ‪ :‬ﻋﻜﺴﻪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮ ﳛﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻀﺮ ﺗﻔﺎﻭ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﺍ‪’.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٨١٨‬‬

‫‪ -٢٦٨٦‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﳚﻤﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪،(٢) ±  :(١) ‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺷﺒﻬﻬﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﺍﳋﻠﻘﺔ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٨٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ]ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺤﻠﱢﻞ‪$ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﻻ ]ﻳ‪‬ﺄ[ﻣ‪‬ﻨﺎﹺﻧ ‪‬ﻪ‪(٧)#‬؛ ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺣﺴﲔ[)‪ (٥‬ﺣﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ (٦)/‬ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻓﺆ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻓﺊ)‪ ..(١‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻣﻨﺎﻩ ﺃﻥ ]ﻻ[ ﻳﻠﺤﻖ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺍ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.  :‬‬
‫¨ © ‪ ³ ² ± °  ® ¬ «ª‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻧﻔﺎﻝ‪ ، ٦٠ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،١٤ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﻞ‪ ،٨ :‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫´   ¶‬
‫ﺁﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﻔﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﺸﺒﻬﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪.(٣١٧/٥‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻳﺎﺱ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﻋﺘﻴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﲑﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﻲ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺗﻔﺎﻗﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻱ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪ ،(٥٤/٢‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(٣٩٣‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٨٠‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ‪. ‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (١٠٥٥٧ :٣٢٦/١٦‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ‪ ‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪$‬ﻣﻦ ﹶﺃﺩﺧ ﹶﻞ‬
‫ﺴﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻖ‪..‬‬
‫ﺴﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﻓﺮﺳ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻓﺮﺳﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﺳ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻓﺮﺳﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻗﻤﺎﺭ‪ #‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﶈﻠﻞ )‪ (٢٥٧٩‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺔ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻖ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻫﺎﻥ‪ (٢٨٧٦) ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ .(١١٤/٢‬ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳊﺒﲑ )‪" :(٣٩٨/٤‬ﻭﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ :‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ )‪ (٢٥٨٠‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ (١١٤/٢‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺸﲑ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‪" :‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ ﻭﺷﻌﻴﺐ ﻭﻋﻘﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺻﺢ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ" ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﺢ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ (١٠٠١ :٤٦٨/٢‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٨١٩‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﰎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻞ )‪ (٢٢٤٩ :٦٧٣/٥‬ﳌﺎ ﺳﺌﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪" :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺧﻄﺄ‪ ،‬ﱂ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﲔ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳊﺒﲑ )‪" :(٣٩٨/٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺧﻴﺜﻤﺔ‪ :‬ﺳﺄﻟﺖ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪...‬‬
‫ﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌ ‪‬ﻲ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﲔ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺘﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ‪$‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﹶﻏﱠﻠ ﹶ‬
‫ﺟﺒﺎﺭ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻫﻮ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ" ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺭﻭﺍﺀ‪ :(٣٤٠/٥) :‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٨٢٠‬‬

‫‪L6 P‬ضא ‪ UZ‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫
‬ ‫ﰲ ]ﺳﻮﺭﺓ[ ﺑﺮﺍﺀﺓ‪ :‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٨٨‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪‬‬

‫


][  ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ]ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪.[٦٠ :‬‬

‫ﺼﺪﺍ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬ﻲ)‪ -(٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﹺﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍ َ‬

‫ﷲ‪‬ﱂ‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٨٩‬ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﺃﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪- ‬ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﻬﺎ ] ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ[‪.(٤)#‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻧﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺳ ﹴﻞ ﺣﱴ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﹴ‬
‫ﺽ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑ ﹶﻘﺴ ﹺﻢ ‪‬ﻣﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﺮ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﺋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺪﺍﺋﻲ ‪ ، ‬ﻟﻪ ﺻﺤﺒﺔ ﻭﻭﻓﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﰲ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪$ :‬ﻣﻦ ﹶﺃ ﱠﺫ ﹶﻥ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻳﻘﻴﻢ‪#‬ﺯ ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﰲ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ )‪ ٥٨٢/٢‬ﻁ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻴﻞ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ )ﺹ‪.(٣٤٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻳ‪‬ﻌﻄﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻨﻰٰ‪ ،(١٦٣٠) ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﺋﻲ ‪ ‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺽ ﲝﻜﻢ ﻧﱯ ﻭﻻ ﻏﲑﻩ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺎﺕ ﺣﱴ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﻮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺰﺃﻫﺎ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﺟﺰﺍﺀ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﻄﻴﺘﻚ ﺣﻘﻚ‪.#‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺯﻭﺍﺋﺪﻩ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺜﻤﻲ )‪ (٥٩٨ :٦٢٦/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺤﺎﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﻌﺎﱐ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ )‪ (٣٠١١ :١٧/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٥٢٨٥ :٢٦٢/٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲎ )‪ (١٣٧/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‬
‫)‪ (١٧٤-١٧٣/٤‬ﻭﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ )‪.(٣١٨/٩‬‬
‫ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﻌﻢ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻹﻓﺮﻳﻘﻲ‪ -‬ﻋﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻣﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﺋﻲ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺯﻭﺍﺋﺪ ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻹﻓﺮﻳﻘﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﺋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ )‪" :(٤٨٨/٣‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺿﻌﻔﻮﻩ‪...‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻪ ﺃﻋﻠﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺣﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ )‪ (٩٠/٦‬ﺇﱃ ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٤٩٧٥‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ ﻭﺿﻌﻔﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻩ )‪ (١٦٥/٤‬ﺇﱃ ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻔﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﰲ ﺳﻨﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺿﻌﻒ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٨٢١‬‬

‫ﺲ ﺭﻛﺎ ﹴﺯ ﺃﻭ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٩٠‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﻭﺟﺒﺖ)‪ (١‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺯﻛﺎ ﹲﺓ ﰲ ﺫﻫﺐﹴ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ﹺﺭ ﹴ‬

‫ﻕ ﺃﻭ ﲦﺎ ﹴﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎﺷﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻭ ﲬ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ‬‫ﳑﺎ ﲡﺐ)‪ (٢‬ﻓﻴﻪ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻛﺎﺓ ﻓﻄﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ)‪ ..(٤‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﻘﺴﻮﻣ ﹲﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺟﺰﺍ ِﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺓ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ ‬؛ ﻟﻜﻞ)‪ (٥‬ﺻﻨﻒ ﺳﻬﻤﻪ)‪.(٦‬‬ ‫ﺍِ‬
‫‪ -٢٦٩١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪/١٣٢)/‬ﺏ( ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻮﱃ ﺯﻛﺎ ﹶﺓ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﺎﻣﻞﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻔ ﹲﺔ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻞ ﻭﺭﺅﺳﺎﺀ ﻗﺒﺎﺋﻠﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻳﺘﺄﻟﻔﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ﺯﻛﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﳌﻌﺎﱐ ﻛﻒ ﻋﺸﺎﺋﺮﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺌﻼﹰﻓﺎ ﳍﻢ ﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻋﺸﺎﺋﺮﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ..-‬ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻃﺮﺡ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻟﻔﺔ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪] -٢٦٩٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﹶﺃﹶﻗ ﱡﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻄﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺻﻨﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻧﻔﺲ ﻓﺼﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺪﺍ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﺳﻢ‬
‫ﲨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻊ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ]ﺍﺳ ‪‬ﻢ[ ﻛ ﱢﻞ ﲨﺎﻉ ﻣﻦ ﲰﻲ ﻟﻪ ﺳﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳ‪‬ﻌﻄﻰ ﻛ ﱡﻞ ‪‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺐ ﺇﱄ ]ﺃﻥ[ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤﻬ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﻪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺟﺐ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳚﺐ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻏﲑﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻜﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٨١/٣‬ﻭ‪١٩٥‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ (٢٠٦‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪.(٤٠٧/٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٨٠/٢) (٢٠٠/٣‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻪ‪" :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻮﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﻗﺴﻤﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺳﻬﻢ ﺃﺳﻘﻂ‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﻗﻠﻮ‪‬ﺑﻬﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺪﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺻﻔﺖ ﻳﺸﺨﺼﻮﻥ ﳌﻌﻮﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﻓﻴﻌﻄﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺳﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﶈﺮﺭ )ﺹ‪ (٢٨٦‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٤٠٧/٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٧٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ :(٣٢٩/٢‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﳚﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﺮﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﻲ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺳﻘﻂ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻧﺼﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺒﻖ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻞ ﳚﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ ﺁﺣﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻒ ﺇﻥ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ؟ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٠٠/٣‬ﻭﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٥٩‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺟﺐ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻨﻘﺺ ﻋﻦ ﺛﻼﺛ ‪‬ﺔ ﳏﺎﻓﻈ ﹰﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﰲ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٥٣٤/٨‬ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﲞﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻏﲑﻩ‪.‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٨٢٢‬‬

‫‪ -٢٦٩٣‬ﻭﳚﺘﻬﺪ)‪ (١‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺪﻝ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﻋﻴﺎﳍﻢ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫‪) -٢٦٩٤‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪ (٣‬ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﲑﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﳌﻌﺎﺫ ]ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﻞ[‬
‫ﺣﲔ ﺑﻌﺜﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ‪$ :‬ﺧ‪‬ﺬﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ (٤)/،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩﺩ‪‬ﻫﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴﻬﹺﻢ‪ ،(٥)#‬ﻳﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺀَﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺟﲑﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺿ ﹺﻊ ‪‬ﻢ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪] ‬ﺇﺫﺍ[ ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﺑﺎﳉﺎﺭ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﻐﺮﻕ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻧ ﹶﻘﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﹶﻗﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ ﹺﺟﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺽ ﹶﺃﻭﱃ)‪.(٦‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻠﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﹶﻫ ﹺﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻠ ﹲﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻬﻤﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﺭﺩ‪‬ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻘﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻐﲎ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺳﻬﻢ‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٩٥‬ﻓﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻤﺎﻥ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ ﺁﺣﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻒ ﺇﻥ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺇﻥ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﳓﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻘﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٤٠٨/٧‬ﺍﶈﺮﺭ )ﺹ‪ (٢٨٦‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٠٦/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٢٩/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪(٣٧٠‬‬
‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪.(٢١٤/١‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻧﺼﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ ﺇﻥ ﻭﺟﺪﻭﺍ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺻﻨﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ"‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﳚﻬﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ‪ :‬ﻻ ﲡﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺁﺣﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻒ ﺇﻥ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﲡﺐ ﺇﻥ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٤١٠-٤٠٩/٧‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (٢٠٥/٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٣٧٠‬‬
‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﻮﺟﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٠٠/٣‬ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔ ﺇﻥ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺃﺭ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٨١‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﱂ ﺃﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ...$ :‬ﻓﺄﺧﱪﻫﻢ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻗﺪ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺻﺪﻗﺔ ﺗﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻏﻨﻴﺎﺋﻬﻢ ﻓﺘﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺋﻬﻢ‪ ،#‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺬ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺗﺮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‪ ،(١٤٩٦) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺗﲔ‬
‫ﻭﺷﺮﺍﺋﻊ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪.(١٩) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺒﺎﺏ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ "‪ ...‬ﻭﺃﻋﻮﺯ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ" ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(٢٠٠/٣‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻠﺪ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ..‬ﻛﺮﻫﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ‬
‫‪‬ﻳﺒﹺﻦ ﱄ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺟﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ؛ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺭ"‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻔﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺇﻥ ﺧﺎﻟﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٩٣/٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻊ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﶈﺮﺭ )ﺹ‪ (٢٨٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٣٧٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٨٢٣‬‬

‫‪ -٢٦٩٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺃﹶﻫﻞ ﺳﻬﻢﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻮﺯ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ..‬ﺭﺩ ﺳﻬﻤﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﻗﻲ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ﺯﻛﺎ ‪‬ﺓ ﻣﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫‪ -٢٦٩٧‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﱂ ﺯﻋﻤﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺳﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬ﺆﱠﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣ ﹺﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻮﱠﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻟﻪ؟‬ ‫ﺲ ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﻖ ﻟﻠﺮﺟ ﹺﻞ ﳚ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺩﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﹶﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﻘﻞ)‪ (٧‬ﻫﻮ ﺣ ‪‬ﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﻮﻗ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﳛﺒﺴﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﺤﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﷲ‪ ،  (٨‬ﻭﺇﲨﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﷲ ‪ ‬ﻭﺳﻨ ﹸﺔ )ﺭﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍ ِ‬ ‫‪ -٢٦٩٨‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏﺍِ‬
‫‪ (٩) ‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺛﻠﺜﻲ ﻟﻔﻼﻥ ﻭﻓﻼﻥ ]ﻭﻓﻼﻥ[! ﻭﲰﻰ)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﺻﻨﺎﹰﻓﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﱂ ﳜﺘﻠﻔﻮﺍ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪﻯ ﺑﻨﺼﻴ ﹺ‬
‫ﺐ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻧﻘﻠﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﲎ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻒ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻒ ﰲ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﻭﻥ‪ ..‬ﻧﻘﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻀﻤﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻨﻘﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻳﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﲔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٣١/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻟﻨﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(١٩٣/٣‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺻﻨﻒ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﲎ‪ ..‬ﻋﻴﺪ ﺑﻔﻀﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻠﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﺑﻪ ﹶﻗ ﱠﻞ ﻭﻻ ﹶﻛﹸﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻤﺎﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻋﻄﻲ ﺣﻘﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺇﱃ‪.‬‬
‫ﻒ ﰲ ﺑﻠﺪ‪ ..‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻘ ﹶﻞ ﻧﺼﻴ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻒ ﰲ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻒ ﰲ‬ ‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺻﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ‪ ..‬ﺻﺮﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺻﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ‪ ..‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﲔ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﶈﺮﺭ )ﺹ‪ (٢٨٦‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪(٣٧٠‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ .(٣٣١/٢‬ﻭﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٩٣/٣‬ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺻﺮﻳﺢ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﰲ )‪(١٩٨/٣‬‬
‫)‪ ٧٩/٢‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺒﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺻﻨﻒ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ..‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻀ ﹲﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺇﻏﻨﺎﺋﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﻧﻘﻠﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ‪‬ﻢ ﺩﺍ ‪‬ﺭﺍ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻒ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﻐﻨﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺃﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻭﺭﺟﺤﺎ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﳋﻼ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺴﻤﻰ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٨٢٤‬‬

‫ﷲ ﺟﻞ ﺛﻨﺎﺅﻩ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﻚ‪ (٢)/‬ﺑﺄﹶﺻ ﹺﻞ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﱠﻝ ﺍ ُ‬ ‫ﻒ ﳑﺎ)‪ (١‬ﺃﹶﻭﺻﻰ ]ﺑﻪ[ ﺇﱃ ﺻﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃﻧ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﺇﹺﳕﺎ ﺃﹶﻧﻔﺬﻭﺍ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ‬‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻨ ﹸﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪﻯ ﺑﻘﻮﻝ ﺭﺟﻞ ]ﻣﺎ[ ﺃﻭﺻﻰ‪ ..(٣)/‬ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻗﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺩﱠﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻪ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃﻭﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻔﺬ ﻟﻪ ﺳﻬﻤﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٦٩٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﱂ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﳍﻢ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻗﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﺄﻋﻴﺎ‪‬ﻢ‪ ..‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﹶﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺒﺲ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻗﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ‪ ..‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻧﺼﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ ‬ﻟﻪ ﺳﻬ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎ ‪‬ﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻭ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ (٦‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻣﻦ ﲰﻰ ﺍ ُ‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻚ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺳﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻔ ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٧٠٠‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ]ﻗﺎﺋﻞ[‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﺯﻋﻤﺖ‪/‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﳌﺎ ﹺﻝ ﻛﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﺃﻋﻮﺯ ﳑﺎ ﺃﻭﺻﻲ ﻟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ؟‬
‫ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٠١‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﻓﻌﻠﺖ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﲔ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﲔ؛ ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻟ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺖ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ)‪ (١١‬ﳛﻞ‬ ‫ﻚ ﻟﻠﺰﻛﺎ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻬﺎ)‪ (١٠‬ﻫﻲ ﳌﻦ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺛ ﹸﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺮﺩﺩﺗﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﰲ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻷﻫﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻤﺎ)‪ (١٣)(١٢‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻻ ﳜﺘﻠﻔﻮﻥ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻋﻮﺯ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻒ ﺃﻋﻄﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﺟﺰﺃ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ)‪ (١٤‬ﺳﻬﻢ)‪ (١٥‬ﻣﻦ ﱂ)‪ (١‬ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻑ ‪-‬ﻗﻴﺎ ‪‬ﺳﺎ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/١٣٣‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٢١‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٢٠/٣‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١٦١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٨٢‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻬﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻐﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻠﻜﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٨٢٥‬‬

‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ)‪ (٥‬ﺑﺄﻋﻴﺎ‪‬ﻢ‪،‬‬

‫‪ .‬ﺇﳕﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻲ)‪ (٣‬ﺑﺼﻔﺔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻟﻴﺴﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..-‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﹶﻫ ﹺ‬
‫ﻞ ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻑ‪‬؛ ﻷﻥ  ‪-‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﷲ‪‬‬
‫ﺽﺍُ‬
‫ﻓﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﻮﺍ[‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﻮﺍ ]ﺑﻘﻮ ﹴﻡ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺑﺸﻲ ٍﺀ‪ ..‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻡ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺷﻲ َﺀ ﺃﻭﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻷﻫﻠﻬﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪﻭﻥ‪ ..‬ﺃﹸﻋ ‪‬ﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﲨﻴ ‪‬ﻊ )ﻣﺎ ﹺﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹺﻞ‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﺳﻘ ﹶ‬
‫ﻂ ﻣﻦ ﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﻳ ﹶ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻘ ﹺﺮ‬
‫ﺨ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪] -٢٧٠٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻳ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻄﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ]ﻋﻠﻰ[ ﻗﺪ ﹺﺭ ﺣﺎﺟ‪‬ﺘﻪ‪‬؛ ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ)‪.(٩‬‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺪ ﰲ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻐﲎ؛ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﲡﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻻ ﲡﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٠٣‬ﻭﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻻ ﳚﻴ ‪‬ﺰ ﺃﹶﻥ ﳚ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺻﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻑ‪ ..‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ)‪.(١١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻤﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻧﺼﻔﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺴﻤﻴﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻜﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٨٩/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٢١٧‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٥٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٤٠٢-٤٠١/٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٣٦٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٨٢٦‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א(‪ (١)di‬‬

‫‪ -٢٧٠٤‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪/١٣٣)/‬ﺏ( ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪


  :(٢) ‬‬

‫

[  ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ]ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،[٥ :‬ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻋﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬ ‫











]‬

‫ﷲ ‪ ‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ w v u t  s r q p o  n m :‬‬
‫ﺺﺍُ‬
‫‪‬ﺧ ‪‬‬

‫‪                ~  }  |  {  z  y x‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ]ﰲ‬ ‫       ]ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،(٣) [٢٩ :‬ﰒ ‪‬ﺩﱠﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺳﻨ ﹸﺔ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺏ‪] (٤)#‬ﻳﻌﲏ‪)[:‬ﺯ( ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ‪.(٢) (١)/،‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺱ[)ﺯ(‪ $ :‬ﺳﻨ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺳﻨ‪ ‬ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ ﹺ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪. ( ١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻛﺘﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ  ﻭﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ  ﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﰲ ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺛﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﰲ ﺑﻘﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺺ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺩﻩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ ﻋﺒﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﺛﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻏﲑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ )‪ (٤٢ :٢٧٨/١‬ﻋﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ‪ ‬ﺫﻛﺮ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﺩﺭﻱ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﺻﻨﻊ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ!‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ‪@ :‬ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﻟﺴﻤﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ ،!...‬ﻓﺬﻛﺮﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٧٤/٤) (٤٠٨/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ .(١١٨٢ :٤٣٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪" :‬ﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻌﺎﻥ ﺑﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺱ‬
‫‪-‬ﰒ ﺳﺎﻕ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺳﺎﻕ ﺑﻼﻏﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﻏﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ -‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺘ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻌﲏ ﰲ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ‪...‬؛‬
‫ﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ ...‬ﺗﻨﻜﺢ ﻧﺴﺎﺅﻫﻢ ﻭﺗﺆﻛﻞ ﺫﺑﺎﺋﺤﻬﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ (٢٤٤-٢٤٣/١٢‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ (١٩٠-١٨٩/٩‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫)‪ (٣٦٥/١٣‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ ٢٢٤/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٢٤٤-٢٤٣/١٢‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ (٦٩-٦٨/٦‬ﻭ)‪ (٣٢٥/١٠‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻞ )‪ (٢٩٩/٤‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻭﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻣﺮﺳ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ" ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﱪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ )‪" :(١١٦/٢‬ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﻩ ﺣﺴﺎﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٨٢٧‬‬

‫ﰊ )ﺃﻭ ﳎﻮﺳ ‪‬ﻲ‪ ..(٣‬ﻻ ‪‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ]ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ[ ﺇﻻ‬ ‫‪ -٢٧٠٥‬ﻓﻜ ﱡﻞ ﻣﺸﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﻏﲑ ﻛﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ (١)/،‬ﺃﻭ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﷲ)‪ ،(٤‬ﺃﻭ)‪ (٥‬ﺇﻋﻄﺎ ُﺀ ﻣﺪ ‪‬ﺓ ]ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ[‬
‫ﻧﻈ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﳋﺒ‪‬ﺮ )‪(١٧٩/٢‬‬
‫ﳋ ﹺﱪ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻱ )‪" :(٢٦١/٦‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﻊ ﺛﻘﺔ ﺭﺟﺎﻟﻪ" ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺍ ﹸ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪" :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﻭﺳﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻌﻀﻞ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻩ )‪" :(٤١/٣‬ﱂ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ"‪.‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ )ﺹ‪:(٣٣٨‬‬
‫"ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻳﻨﺎﻩ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺟﻴﺪ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻭﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﺑﻨﺤﻮ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﷲ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻗﺪ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳊﺒﲑ )‪" :(٣٧٥/٣‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﰲ ‪$‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ #‬ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺣﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﺎ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺭﺟﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺟﺎﺭ ﳊﻤﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ‪ -‬ﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺶ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻭﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺛﺐ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻟﺴﻤﻌﺘﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪$ :‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺱ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﺎﲪﻠﻮﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﲢﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ."#‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺣﺴﻦ"‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﳋﱪ ﺍﳋﱪ )‪ (١٨١/٢‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ‪" :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﻭﺭﺟﺎﻟﻪ ﳏﺘﺞ‬
‫‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺭﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻔﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﲰﻪ ﺭﻭﺡ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ‪ ...‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻟﲔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪."...‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ‪ ..‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ )‪ (٣٤٤٢ :٣٧٥/٣‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻬﻞ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (١٠٥٩ :٤٣٧/١٩‬ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻲ‬
‫ﺛﻨﺎ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻣﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺷﻬﺪﺕ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ ...:‬ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﺀ‪$ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺳﻨﻮﺍ ﺑﺎ‪‬ﻮﺱ ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪.#‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ )‪ (١١١/٦‬ﻭﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺳﺎﻗﻂ" ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﳋﱪ‬
‫ﺍﳋﱪ )‪" :(١٨٠/٢‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺟﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻓﻮﻗﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮﻥ ﺇﻻ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻐﲏ ﻋﻨﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩﻋﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ )‪ (٣١٥٧‬ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺑ‪‬ﺠﺎﻟﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺱ ﺣﱴ ﺷﻬﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﳎﻮﺱ ﻫﺠﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٨٣‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٠٧/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٥٢٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٤٤/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﳎﻮﺱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٨٢٨‬‬

‫‪ -٢٧٠٦‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﺑﻌﺚ ﻋﻠ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﺃﻥ‪ $ :‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻟﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹲﺓ‪..‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﺇﱃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳﻜﹸﻦ ﻟﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺟﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬ ﹴﺮ‪.(٦)#‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٠٧‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺻﻔﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺴﻴﲑ)‪ (٧‬ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ)‪.(٨‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٤٠‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٠٢/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٥٢٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٤٤/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٥٢٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٤٣/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺞ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻛﺮﺍﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻑ ﻋﺮﻳﺎﻧ‪‬ﺎ )‪ (٨٧١‬ﻭﰲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ )‪ (٣٠٩٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻣﻲ )‪(١٩١٩ :٩٤/٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ .(٣٩٣/١٣‬ﻭﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ )‪ (٢٣٣/٥‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ (٥٢/٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ )‪ ،(٤٥٢ :٣٥١/١‬ﻭﺷﻄﺮﻩ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ ،(٥٩٤ :٣٢/٢‬ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪. ‬‬

‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﲰﻬﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٧‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)ﺃ( ﳛﺘﻤﻞ‪) :‬ﺗﺴﻴﲑ( ﻭ )ﻳﺴﲑ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺛﺮﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﳌﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻷﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ ﳌﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺴﺐ ﻟﻐﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٩٠/٤) (٤٥٦/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪" :‬ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻟﺼﻔﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺑﺴﻨﲔ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ" ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢٧٩‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺣﻨﲔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪ ‬ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﻭﺳﻼﺣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪- ‬ﺑﺄﰊ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻭﺃﻣﻲ‪ -‬ﳌﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻗﺪ ﻣﻀﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﻜﺔ ‪-‬ﺷﺮﻓﻬﺎ ﺍﷲ‪ -‬ﺳﻨﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‪:‬‬
‫»ﺗﺴﻴﲑ« ﻛﻤﺎ ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺘﻤﻞ‪» :‬ﻳﺴﲑ« ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ ﻁ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‪» :‬ﺑﻞ ﻟﻚ ﺗﺴﲑ«‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺃﰊ ﻣﺼﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ )‪،(١٥٤٧ :٥٩٦/١‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻁ‪ .‬ﺑﺸﺎﺭ ﻋﻮﺍﺩ )‪» :(٥٢/٢‬ﺗﺴﻴﲑ«‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﳐﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﳛﲕ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﻩ ﻭﻧﺸﺮﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻳﺘﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻤﻲ )ﺹ‪ (٣٧٠‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺳﻮﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬
‫)‪ ،(٣٣٦‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )‪ (٢٢٥/٩‬ﻋﻦ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪" :‬ﺗﺴﻴﲑ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ )‪ (٤٤ :٥٤٣/٢‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺑﻠﻐﻪ‪ ،...‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ (١٨٦/٧‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٨٢٩‬‬

‫‪ -٢٧٠٨‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪
G
F
E
D
C
B
A  :(١) ‬‬

‫‪]  O

N
M
L
K

J
I
H‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ ١ :‬ﻭ‪
R
Q
P
O
N ،[٢‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻗﺮﻳﺶ‪ ..‬ﺍﻷﻣﻴﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪ ،[٢‬ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫]ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ T

S‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﻴﲔ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٠٩‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻳ ﹴﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻧﺰﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﲢﻮﻝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺰﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻳ ﹺﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﳉﺰﻳ ﹸﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﻫﻢ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻨﺔ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﱪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ )‪" :(١٩/١٢‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻻ ﺃﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﻳﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﲑ ﻭﻋﺎﳌﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﱯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻬﺮﺓ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫ﺃﻗﻮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ"‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٦٢/٥‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ )‪ (٣٧١/٢٣‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ )‪ (١١٥/٨‬ﺍﻷﻣﻴﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺏ ‪-‬ﹶﺃﻱ‪ ‬ﻛﺘﺎ ﹴ‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٧٤/٤) (٤١١-٤١٠/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﹶﻓ ﹸﻜ ﱡﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍ ﹶﻥ‪ ...‬ﺩﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ ﹺ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‪ -‬ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﻧﺰﻭ ﹺﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻭﺧﺎﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﺛﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻧﺰﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﺛﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺻﺎﻏﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻋﺮﺑﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺠﻤﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺪﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﳑﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺮﺑﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺠﻤﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪ ...‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ" ﻭﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‬
‫)ﺹ‪" :(٢٨٠-٢٧٩‬ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺩﺍﻥ ﺩﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﰊ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺁﺑﺎﺅﻩ ﺩﺍﻧﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻧﺰﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺎﻥ‪...‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﱪﺓ ﹺﺑﻨ‪‬ﺰﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺑﻌﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻨﺼ‪‬ﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻧﺰﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻌﺜﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻧﺴﺦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺩﻫﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻨﺼ‪‬ﺮﻫﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻧﺴﺦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺪﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﺒﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺗﺆﺧﺬ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ ﳑﻦ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﺩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻌﺜﺔ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ‪ ‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻧﺴﺨﺖ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﺑﺒﻌﺜﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٨٣٠‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ..‬ﱂ‬ ‫ﰊ ﻭﻻ ﳎﻮﺳ ‪‬ﻲ ﻓﻔﺮﺽ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫‪ -٢٧١٠‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﲑ ﻛﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫‪ -٢٧١١‬ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪  






  : ‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ]ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪،[٥ :‬‬

‫ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﻘﺘﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧١٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‪$ :‬ﻣﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﻧﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﺑﲏ ﺗﻐﻠﺐ )ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﻫﻞ‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻛﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺏ ﺭﹺﻗﺎ‪‬ﺑﻬ‪‬ﻢ‪.(٥)#‬‬
‫ﺿ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺃﻭ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﹸﺘﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮ ﹰﺓ‪ ..‬ﻗﹸﺴﻤﺖ )ﺍﻷﺭﺿﲔ‬
‫‪] -٢٧١٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺘ ‪‬ﺢ ﺃﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪ (٦‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻀﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﺷﻬﺪ ﻓﺘﺤﻬﺎ؛ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻓﻔﻲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٣٠٥/١٠‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻬﻮﺩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻌﺜﺔ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻟﺘﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻌﺜﺔ‬
‫ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪‬ﻧﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺣﻜﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻻ ﺃﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﳕﺎ ﻓﺮﻕ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻧﺰﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺻﺢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٥٢٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٤٤/٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٨٧/٨‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺃﻭﺳﻊ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻧﺰﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺎﻥ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﺑﺎﷲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤١٠/٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٤٤/٤‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻫﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﺼﺤﻔﺖ ﻣﻦ‪ :‬ﺑﺄﻫﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٦٠٤/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٤٣٥/٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ ٢١٦/٩‬ﻭ‪ (٢٨٤‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ (٤٠٠/١٣‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻧﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺑﺄﻫﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‪ .#...‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻞ‪" :‬ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ"‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻪ ﳌﺴﻨﺪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ )‪.(١٥٣٢ :٢٤٧/٣‬‬
‫"ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ : ‬ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﻧﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻨﻮﺥ‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺑﲏ ﺗﻐﻠﺐ؛ ﻓﺮﻭﻱ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺻﺎﳊﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﻌﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﺮﻫﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺩﻳﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺣﻔﻆ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﻐﺎﺯﻱ"‪ .‬ﺍ‪ ’.‬ﻣﻦ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٢٧٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﲔ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٨٣١‬‬

‫‪ -٢٧١٤‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ / ‬ﻓﺘﺢ ﺧﻴﱪ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫‪ -٢٧١٥‬ﻭ]ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ[ ﺳﺄﻝ ﺃﻫﻞ ]ﺳﱯ[)ﺯ( ﻫﻮﺍﺯﻥ‪) ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﰉ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ‪ ..(٤)/ (٣‬ﺃﻋﻄﻴﻨﺎﻩ ﺑ ﹸﻜ ﱢﻞ)‪ (٥‬ﺭﺃ ﹴ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﺋﺾ)‪.(٨)(٧)#(٦‬‬
‫ﺳ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٣١٥/٥‬ﻭ‪ ٤٣٠‬ﻭ‪ (٤٣٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٧٥-٢٧٤‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(٢٦٠/١٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺴﻤﻬﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺗﻠﲔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٣٠/٥‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٢٧٥‬‬

‫ﻼ ﲟﺎ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺘﻤﻞ‪" :‬ﺣﻨﲔ"‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﻣﺘﺼ ﹰ‬ ‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺧﻴﱪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺳﱯ ﻫﻮﺍﺯﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ"‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺗﺎ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﲏ ﺃﺑﺪﻟﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫)ﺃﺗﺎ( ﺑـ)ﺃﰉ(‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺪﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﲟﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﲢﺘﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﲟﺜﻨﺎﺓ ﻓﻮﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻖ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﲎ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٨٤‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻜﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺮﺍﻳﺾ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ‪ ، ‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (٦٧٢٩ :٣٣٩/١١‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺭﺩﻭﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻧﺴﺎﺀﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﲤﺴﻚ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻲﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻓﺮﺍﺋﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻳﻔﻴﺌﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‪#‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻓﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﺳﲑ ﺑﺎﳌﺎﻝ‪ (٢٦٩٤) ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳍﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻫﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻉ‪(٣٦٨٨) ،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪.(٣٣٧-٣٣٦/٦‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺻﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ )‪ (٢٥٨٤ ،٢٥٨٣‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳍﺒﺔ ﻭﻓﻀﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺾ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﳍﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺒﺔ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﻦ ﳐﺮﻣﺔ ‪. ‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮﺍﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﻫﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﺭﺑﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻳﻮﻡ ﺣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻫﺰﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﷲ ‪ ، ‬ﻓﺼﺎﺭﺕ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻭﻻﺩﻫﻢ ﻏﻨﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺎﺅﻭﺍ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻠﺒﻮﺍ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﻔﻊ ﳍﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬
‫ﻟﲑﺩﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻧﺴﺎﺀﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺒﻞ ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﲟﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺴﻚ‪..‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ ﺳﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﺋﺾ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺳﺖ ﻧﻮﻕ ‪-‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻀﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺔ‪ -‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﻲﺀ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻟﻠﺴﻨﺪﻱ )‪.(٤٣٢/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻟﻮﱄ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﺐ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﳎﺎﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻮﺽ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻐﻨﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٨١/٤) (٤٣٣-٤٣٢/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪" :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻼﺩ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ ﻓﺨﻤﺴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺳﺄﻝ ﺃﻫ ﹶﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﲬﺎﺱ ﺗﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﺄﻋﻄﻮﻩ ﺫﻟﻚ ﹶﻃ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺒ ﹰﺔ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻪ ﺇﻥ ﺃﻋﻄﻮﻩ ﺇﻳﺎﻩ؛ ﻭﻗﻔﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٨٣٢‬‬

‫‪ -٢٧١٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﻜﺔ)‪(١‬؟‬

‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻥ‪-‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻪ ‪-‬ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ‬ ‫ﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧١٧‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺩﺧﻠﻬﺎ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹸ‬
‫ﻷﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ‪$ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺩﺧ ﹶﻞ ﺩﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺁﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﻏﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺁﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﻟﻘﻰ ﺳﻼ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫ﺁﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﹸﻋﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﺃﻣﺎ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪] ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺁﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ[ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪.(١)(٥)#‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺃﻋﻄﻮﻩ ﺇﻳﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ ﹴﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﺃﻋﻄﻮﻩ ﺇﻳﺎﻩ ﻳﻀﻌﻪ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺮﻯ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﻮﻩ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺒﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﲟﺎ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺃﺭﺿﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ‪-‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﻨﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺓ‪ -‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﺏ ﺃﻧﻔﺲ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺼﻨﻊ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻔﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻔﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺳﱯ ﻫﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﲝﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﻃﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺴ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﺭﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﻄﺐ ﻧﻔﺴ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﺮﻫﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٢٧٥-٢٧٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺳﱯ" ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻮﺣﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻷﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﻋﻨﻮﺓ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻏﲑ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻨﺎﻗﻀﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪٣٦٢/٧) (٢٥٨/٩‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺪﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﲟﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﱂ ﺃﺟﺪﻩ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﲨﻴﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺑﻌﻀﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻲﺀ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺧﱪ ﻣﻜﺔ )‪ ٣٠٢١‬ﻭ‪ (٣٠٢٢‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ (٤٩٦/١٤‬ﻭﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺍﻫﻮﻳﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ )‪ (٤٣٠١ :٤٥٩/١٧‬ﻭﺇﲢﺎﻑ ﺍﳋﲑﺓ ﺍﳌﻬﺮﺓ )‪ (٤٦٠٣ :٢٤٠/٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ (١١٨/٩‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻟﻪ‬
‫)‪ (٢٩٧/١٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺻﲑﻱ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﻘﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ‪ ، ‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺁﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻏﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﺑﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫ﺁﻣﻦ‪ #‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﰊ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‪$ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻏﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﺑﻪ‪.#‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﲑ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﻜﺔ‪ ،(١٧٨٠) ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ‪ ‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪$ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺁﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻟﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺁﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻏﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﺑﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺁﻣﻦ‪ #‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﻣﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ )‪" :(٢٩٦-٢٩٥/١٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻷﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ‪$‬ﻣﻦ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺁﻣﻦ‪#‬؛‬
‫ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺭﻭﺍﺗﻪ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺘﻪ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﺼﺪﻭﺍ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﻔﻈﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﻗﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺑﲔ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﲟﺮ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻋﺎﺩﻩ ﲟﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺅﻩ ﺑﻌﺪﻣﺎ ﻇﻔﺮ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻈﻔﺮ ‪‬ﻢ؟"‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٨٣٣‬‬

‫‪ -٢٧١٨‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺣﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻭﻫﻞ ﺗﺮﻙ )ﻟﻨﺎ ﻋﻘﻴﻞ‪ (٢‬ﻣﱰ ﹰﻻ‪ ،(٣)#‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺪ ﱠﻝ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻷﺭﺑﺎ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﻻ)‪ (٤‬ﻳﻮﺭﺙ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ )ﻣﺎﻟ ﹰﻜﺎ ﻟﻪ‪.(٦)(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧١٩‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﻬﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺑﻠﺪ؛ ﻓﻤﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺃﻭﱃ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٢٠‬ﻭﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﺆﺧ ﹸﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺩﻳﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﰲ ﺟﺰﻳﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻎﹴ؛ )ﻣﻮﺳ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻌﺴ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪.(٨)(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٢١‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪ ﺷﻲﺀ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٢٢‬ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ)‪ (١‬ﺍﳉﺰﻳ ﹸﺔ ﺩﻳ‪‬ﻨﺎ)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺴﺮ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺻﻠﺤ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻥ ﳍﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ﺃﺭﺿﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﻐﻨﻢ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺳﺒﻖ ﳍﻢ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﻜﺔ‪" :‬ﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻬﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻋﻨﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺩﺧﻠﻬﺎ ﺻﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎﻥ‪ ...‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪$ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺁﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻟﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫ﺁﻣﻦ‪ #‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹸﻝ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳﻐﻨ ‪‬ﻢ؟ ﻣﺎ ﹸﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻪ ﹶﺃﻣﺎ ﹲﻥ!‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻏﻨﻴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪٣٦٢/٧) (٢٦٠-٢٥٨/٩‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٢٧٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻘﻴﻞ ﻟﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ‪ ، ‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻐﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻦ ﺭﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻳﺔ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪ (٤٢٨٢) ،‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﻭﻫﻞ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻋﻘﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﱰﻝ‪ #‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺞ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﱰﻭﻝ ﲟﻜﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺝ ﻭﺗﻮﺭﻳﺚ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ‪ (١٣٥١/٤٣٩) ،‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪ ...$ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺭﺑﺎﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻭﺭ‪ #‬ﻭﰲ )‪(١٣٥١/٤٤٠‬‬
‫ﺑﻠﻔﻆ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪" :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻘﻴﻞ ﻭﺭﺙ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻫﻮ ﻭﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﺛﻪ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻘﻴﻞ ﻭﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻛﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ"‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﱂ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳝﻠﻜﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﺤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ )‪" :(١٢٠/٩‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺻﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﳑﻠﻮﻛﺔ ﻷﻫﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﳍﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻮﺭﺙ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﻮﺯ ﳍﻢ ﺑﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﺭﻫﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﺟﺎﺭ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻫﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻓﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺯﺍﻋﻲ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻓﺎﺕ"‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺴﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻮﺳﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٤٢٦/٥‬ﻭ‪ (٤٧٤‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٧٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٥٢٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٤٨/٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٤٢٥-٤٢٤/٥‬ﻭ‪ (٤٧٣‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٧٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٥٢٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٤٥/٤‬‬ ‫)‪( ٩‬‬
‫‪ ٨٣٤‬‬

‫ﺤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﺿﻴﺎﻓﺔ)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻏﲑ)‪ (٥‬ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺻﻮﳊﻮﺍ‬
‫‪ -٢٧٢٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٢٤‬ﻭ‪‬ﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻞ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﺾ ﺑﻌﻀ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ‬ ‫‪] -٢٧٢٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺍﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻗﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﺘﺰﻟﻮﻫﻢ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎ ‪‬ﺯ ﻟﻺﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ ﳏﺎﺭ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺘﻬ‪‬ﻢ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﱯ‬
‫ﺸﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺧﺰﺍﻋ ﹸﺔ ﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﱯ ‪ ‬ﻫﺎﺩ ﹶﻥ ﻗﺮﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٢٦‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠ ﹸﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺾ ﻗﺮﻳﺶﹴ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺑﻌﺜﻮﺍ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺳﻔﻴﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺰﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﰲ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺓ ‪-‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬‫‪ ‬؛ ﻓﺄﻋﺎ ﹶﻥ)‪ (٩‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﹸﺤﺎ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﺰﺍﻫﻢ ﻏﺎﺭ‪‬ﻳﻦ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﻠ ‪‬ﻤﻬﹺﻢ‪ -‬ﻓﻠﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﺰ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺩﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٤٢٦/٥‬ﻭ‪ (٤٧٤‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٧٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٥٢٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ .(٢٤٦/٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﲑ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺟﺰﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻘﲑ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﻐﲏ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷُﻡ )‪ (٢٩٨/٥‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﻴﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺆﻗﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻏﲑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٢٦/٥‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٧٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٥٢٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٤٨/٤‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺩﻧﺎﻧﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺭﺯﺍﻕ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﺿﻴﺎﻓﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻉ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺑﺎﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪. ‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺳﺒﺎﻗﻬﺎ ﻭﳊﺎﻗﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٠٤/٤) (٤٩٠/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﺔ ﳝﻨﻌﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﺣﺴﺐ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺿﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﲟﺎ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺆﺧﺬ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻟﺰﻣﻬﻤﻮﻩ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺭﺿﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺃﺣﺴﺒﻪ"‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻌﻠﻪ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺛﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺩﻧﺎﻧﲑ‪ ..‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٢٨/٥‬ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ (٤٣ :٢٧٨/١‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪.(١٩٥/٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٤٣/٥‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٨٠‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٢٦٤/٢‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٥٣٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺄﻏﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ )ﺏ( ﻭﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺮﻳﺞ؛ ﺇﺫ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﻏﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺰﺍﻋﺔ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻨﻮ ﻛﻌﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪) (٤٤٤/٥‬ﻁ‪ .‬ﺭﻓﻌﺖ(‪" :‬ﺃﻏﺎﺭ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺶ ﺃﻥ ﰲ ﺑﻮﻻﻕ‪" :‬ﺃﻋﺎﻥ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻘﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺜﺒﺘﺔ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٨٣٥‬‬

‫ﻉ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻗﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﻓﺨﺎﻓﻬﻢ)‪- (٣‬ﻭﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ]ﺍﻟﱵ[ ﻳﺴﺘﺪﻝ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪ -٢٧٢٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺍﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪              : ‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻀﻬﻢ‪ ..-‬ﺟﺎﺯ ﳏﺎﺭﺑﺘﻬﻢ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍ ِ‬

‫  ]ﺍﻷﻧﻔﺎﻝ‪.(٤) [٥٨ :‬‬

‫ﱀ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺃﹶﻫ ﹶﻞ ﻗﺮﻳ ‪‬ﺔ)‪ (١‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺰﻳﺔ‪ (٢)/‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺑﻠﻎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﲟﺎ‬
‫‪ -٢٧٢٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﺎ ﹶ‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻣﺄﻣﻨﻪ)‪/١٣٤) /(٤‬ﺏ( ﰒ‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻮﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺽ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺃﹶﺩﱏ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺭﺑﻪ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٨٦/٤) (٤٤٤/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٨٠‬ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ (٢٣٣/٩‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻪ )‪(٤٢٨/١٣‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ )‪ (٥٩٩٦ :٣٤٠/١٣‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺷﻌﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﺭﻧﺆﻭﻁ‪ :‬ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺣﺴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ )‪ (١٠٥٢ :٤٣٣/٢٣‬ﻋﻦ ﻣﻴﻤﻮﻧﺔ ‪. ‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ (٢٣٤-٢٣٣/٩‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺮﻯ )‪ (١٦٩/٨‬ﻋﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﻦ ﳐﺮﻣﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳏﻘﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )‪ ٤٨١/١٨‬ﻁ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ(‪" :‬ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺣﺴﻦ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ (٢٣٤/٩‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺮﻯ )‪.(١٧٢/٨‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ )‪.(٤٣٠-٤٢٩/١٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ (٤٧٤/١٤‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﻃﺐ ﻣﺮﺳ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ )‪ (٣٣٦/١٤‬ﻣﻮﺻﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﺧﺰﺍﻋﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪- :‬ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،-‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻱ )‪" :(٥٢٠/٧‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻝ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪" :(٤٢٨/١٣‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﻗﺮﻳﻈﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺰﺍﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻘﲔ‪ ..‬ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺎ ﺩﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )‪ ٤٨٣/١٨‬ﻁ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻘﻖ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻳﺘﺒﲔ ﳑﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ ‪-‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﻦ ﳐﺮﻣﺔ‪ -‬ﺳﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻟﻐﲑﻩ ‪‬ﻴﺌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻠﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻭﺩﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺨﺎﻓﺘﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٤٢/٥‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٩١/٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٥٣٠‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٠٩/٨‬‬
‫‪ ٨٣٦‬‬

‫‪ -٢٧٢٩‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻗﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﺎﳊﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻲﺀ ﳎﻬﻮﻝ؛ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ @ :‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺸ ﹺﺮ)‪ (٩‬ﺷﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ..‬ﺷﺎ ﹲﺓ! ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ)‪ (١٠‬ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹴﺮ ﻣﻌﻠﻮ ﹴﻡ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺐ)‪ ..(٧‬ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻔ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺰ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﻞ ‪‬ﺟ ﹺﺮ‪‬ﻳ ﹴ‬
‫ﺐ ﺩﻳﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺭ‪ ،(١٢)/‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪] :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ[ ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ﱠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗﻤ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺩﻳﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﻮ ‪‬ﺯ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﺟﺮﻳ ﹴ‬
‫ﺿﺎ)‪.(١٥‬‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺟﻮﺯﻭﺍ)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻟﻀﻴﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻔﺴﺪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺒﻴﻊ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ)‪ (١٤‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٣٠‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳﺼﺎﳊﻬﻢ)‪ (١٦‬ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻔﺲ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻗﻞ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﱐ ﺃﻭ ﳎﻮﺳ ‪‬ﻲ ﺩﻳ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﱃ )ﺩﻳ ﹺﻦ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ..(١٨‬ﱂ‬ ‫‪] -٢٧٣١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪) [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺮ ‪‬ﻙ‪ (١٧‬ﻳﻬﻮﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺼﺮﺍ ﱞ‬
‫‪‬ﻳﻘﹸﻞ ﻟﻪ @ﺍﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ! ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎ ﹺﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ‪‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﹶﺳﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ]ﻟﻪ[‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٨٥‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﱃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﻳﺄﻣﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ .‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٥٩/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪- (٤٧٤/٥‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻐﻪ ﻣﺄﻣﻨﻪ‪ -‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٥٢٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٤٥/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﻣﻌﻠﻮ ‪‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﺸﺮ ﹸﺓ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﻔﺰ‪‬ﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺪﺭ ﺃﺭﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﺓ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﶈﻜﻢ )‪ ،(٤٠١/٧‬ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‬
‫)‪ ،(٢٦٠/١‬ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(١٤٧/٢‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻜﻮﻙ‪ :‬ﺻﺎﻉ ﻭﻧﺼﻒ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺮ‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟﻘﹶﻔﻴ ‪‬ﺰ‪ :‬ﻣ‪‬ﻜﹾﻴﺎ ﹲﻝ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﲦﺎﻧﻴ ﹸﺔ ﻣ‪‬ﻜﺎﻛﻴ ‪‬‬
‫)ﺹ‪ ،(٢١٠‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٢٨٥/١٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٤٠‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳚﻮﺯﻭﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺄﺧﺬ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ .(٤٧٧-٤٧٦/٥‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ ٢٩٨/٥) :‬ﻭ‪.(٤٣٤-٤٣٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺻﺎﳊﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺑﺪﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻏﲑ ﺩﻳﻨﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٨٣٧‬‬

‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺷﺎ َﺀ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﻫﻞ ﺩﻳﹺﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺑﻼ ‪‬ﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﺍﻙ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﺑﱢﻠ ﹶﻎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ‬
‫ﺣﻮﺭﺏ)‪.(٥)(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٣٢‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(٧)(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٣٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﺎ ﹶ‬
‫ﱀ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ]ﺃﹶﻫ ﹶﻞ[ ﻗﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻏﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ﺑﻌﻀ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻐﺰﺍﻫﻢ ]ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ[‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﱂ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺪ ﱡﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺝ ﺇﹺﻟﻴﻚ‪‬؛ َﻷﻧ‪‬ﻬﻢ ﻗﺪ ﻏﻠﺒﻮﻧﺎ«‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻘﻀﻮﺍ‪» :‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﹾﻝ ﳓﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ)‪ (٨‬ﻧﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﺮﻭ ﹺ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﱃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳛﺎﺭﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻳﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺮ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﻬﻮﺩ ﻧﺼﺮﺍﱐ ﻭﻋﻜﺴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻫﻞ ﻳﻘﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﻳﺔ؟ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ -‬ﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﺟﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻭﺭﺟﺤﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺣﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٣٦/٥‬ﻭﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٢٨٠-٢٧٩‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ‪-‬ﻭﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،-‬ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪-‬ﻭﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ -‬ﻓﻬﻞ ﻳ‪‬ﻘﺘﻞ ﻛﺎﳌﺮﺗﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﻠﺤﻖ ﲟﺄﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﻤﻦ ﻧﺒﺬ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ؟ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻳﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺮ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﻮﺛﻦ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻱ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺼﺮﺍﱐ‪ ..‬ﻻ ﻳﻘﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﻳﺔ ﻗﻄﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻳﻦ ﻳﻘﺮ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٣٧٦-٣٧٥/١٤‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (١٣٠/٥‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٨٢-٨١/٨‬ﺍﶈﺮﺭ )ﺹ‪ (٣٠٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٤١-١٤٠/٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٨٦‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٩٠-١٨٩/٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٩٣/٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺩﻳﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٨٣٨‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻣﻔﺎﺭﻗﺘﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻜﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﺗﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﹺﺑﻬﹺﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻋﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﹺﻳﺎﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﳍﻢ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺩﺭﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺪﻉ ﻗﺘﺎﳍﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻠﻬﻢ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﷲ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪
`

_


^

]

\

[






Z
Y  :‬‬

‫‪ -٢٧٣٤‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍ َ‬

‫‪]  c
b
a‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪.[٩٢ :‬‬

‫‪ -٢٧٣٥‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﳍﻢ)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻘ ﹲﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻗﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺇﺫﺍ ﹸﺃﺻ‪‬ﻴﺒﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭ ‪‬ﺓ ﺃﻭ)‪ (٤‬ﹸﺃﺻ‪‬ﻴﺒﻮﺍ ﻏﲑ ﻋﺎﻣﺪﻳﻦ ﳍﻢ؛ ﻛﺎﳌﺆﻣﻦ‬
‫ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٣٦‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ)‪ (٦‬ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻦ‪ ..‬ﻋﺘﻖ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٣٧‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪ (٧‬ﳍﻢ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‪ (٨)/‬ﻋﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﻄﹰﺄ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٣٨‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٩‬ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻄﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻈﻬﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺩﻋﻰ ﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻐﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ)‪ (١٠‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺐ ﺫﺭﻳﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻐﻨﻢ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺘﻞ)‪ (١١‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺴ ﹺ‬
‫ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﺍﻋﺘﺰﻟﺖ‪ ..‬ﺃﻣﺴﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻚ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﺘﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﺮﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﱮ ﺫﺭﻳﺘﻪ)‪.(١٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٤٥/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٣٨/١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٤٦/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺪﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٢٨٦‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻗﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٤٦/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٣٨/١٠‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺼﺪﻕ ﺑﻴﻤﻴﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٨٣٩‬‬

‫‪ -٢٧٣٩‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻗﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﰒ ﺃﻏﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮ ﹴﻡ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪﻭﻥ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﺰﻭﻫﻢ؛‬
‫ﻀﺎ‪ -‬ﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﺣﺎﺭﺑﻮﻫﻢ‬‫ﰊ ﻳﺪﺧ ﹸﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﺑﺄﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﻓﻴﺼﻴﺐ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﳍﻢ ‪-‬ﻛﺎﳊﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻇﻔﺮ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ../‬ﺍﻗﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻢ ﰲ ﻫﺪﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﰲﺀ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٤٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﺎﻫﺪﻭﻫﻢ ﰒ ﺑﻌﺜﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪@ :‬ﺇﻧﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻧﻘﻀﻨﺎ!‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﺒﻌﺜﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺭ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﳏﺎﺭﺑﺘﻬﻢ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٤١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻮﺍ ﻗﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻋﲔ ﰒ ﻏﺰﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻓﻈﻔﺮ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻢ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺺ‬
‫ﳍﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﺻﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﳏﺎﺭﺑﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﻮﺍ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ ..‬ﹸﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﰊ ﺩﺧ ﹶﻞ ﺩﺍﺭ‪‬ﻧﺎ)‪ (٤‬ﺑﺄﹶﻣﺎﻥ‪‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ)‪ (٥‬ﰲ ﺃﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﻨﺎ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻚ ]ﻛ ﱡﻞ[ ﺣﺮ ‪‬‬‫‪ -٢٧٤٢‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﺎ ﹰﻻ)‪ ..(٦‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﺑﻪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٤٣‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﰒ ﺍﺭﺗﺪ ﻓﺤﺎﺭﺏ)‪ (٨‬ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﰲ ﳏﺎﺭﺑﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻇﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ]ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ[‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﻨﻘﺼﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﶈﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫ﺠ ﹾﺊ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٧٤٤‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﹶﺻﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻫﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻵﺩﻣﻴﲔ‪ ..‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹺ‬
‫ﷲ ]‪ ..[‬ﱂ ﳛﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ‬ ‫‪ -٢٧٤٥‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍ ِ‬
‫]ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ﹶﺬﻳﻦ[ ﺭﲨﻬﻤﺎ )ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪.(٣)(٢)  (١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٤٦/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٢٢/١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٤٦/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٤٦/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٢٢/١٠‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ؛ ﻛﺄﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻲ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٩٥/٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٧٢‬ﺩﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٧٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٥/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺣﺎﺭﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٤٤٨/٥‬ﻭ‪ ،(٩٦/٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٧٢‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﳚﺐ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ -‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺼﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٦-١٥/٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﳏﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪ‪ ..‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺷﻮﻛﺔ ﻭﻗﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ؛‬
‫ﺃﻇﻬﺮﳘﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺗﻌﺒﲑ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﺍﳌﻨﻊ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٨٤٠‬‬

‫‪ -٢٧٤٦‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﻘﺾ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﳉﺰﻳ ﹶﺔ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ)‪ (٥‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻫ ‪‬ﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻻﻣﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻣﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻧﺒﺬ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،(٦)/‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٧‬ﻓﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﳛﻜﻢ)‪ (٨‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﳛﻜﻢ)‪ (٩‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪] -٢٧٤٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻞ)‪ (١١‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻋﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳﻘﺘﻞ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻮﻗﺐ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٤٨‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻬﺎﺩﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺇﱃ)‪ (١٣‬ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﻣﺪﺓ ]ﺃﻫﻞ[ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺒﻴﺔ؛ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺳﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﺎﻭﺯ‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(١٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٤٩‬ﻭﻋﺸﺮ ﺳﻨﲔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﺎﺯﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﳜﺸﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﱂ ﳜﺶ)‪ ..(١٥‬ﱂ ﳚﺎﻭﺯ‬
‫ﺃﺷﻬﺮ)‪(٢‬؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ‪]  O

N

M

L

K  :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،[٢ :‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‪/‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ‬؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﺔ ﻭﺇﺣﺼﺎ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺯﻧﻮﺍ ﻭﺭﻓﻌﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،(٦٨٤١) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺭﺟﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﱏ‪.(١٦٩٩) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٤٨/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٢٨/١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٨٧‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳓﻜﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳓﻜﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٤٩/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٥٢٨‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٢٥٨/٤‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺾ ﺑﻘﺘﺎﳍﻢ ﻟﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬
‫)ﺹ‪.(٦٢٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺟﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻋﻘﻮﺑ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ ﹼﻜﹶﻠ ﹰﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٤٩/٥‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺾ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٣٢٩/١٠‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٥٢٨‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٥٨/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٥٣/٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٥٣٠‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٦١/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳜﺸﻰ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٨٤١‬‬

‫ﷲ ]‪ [‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺒﻴﻪ ] ‪ [ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫]ﺃﻧﻪ[)ﺯ( ﳌﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﻗﻮﻱ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ..‬ﺃﻧﺰﻝ)‪ (٤‬ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﺗﺒﻮﻙ؛ ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪] ‬ﻋﻠ‪‬ﻴﺎ[ ﺇﱃ)‪ (٥‬ﻣﻜﺔ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٥٠‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ)‪ (٧‬ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻗﺪ ﻗﻮﻭﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٥١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺻﺎﳊﻬﻢ‪/١٣٥)/‬ﺏ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ؛ @ﻣﱴ ﺷﺎ َﺀ‪ ..‬ﻧ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﺬ ﹺﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ!‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻞ؛ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﷲ ‪،(١٠)# ‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ)‪  (٨‬ﻷﻫﻞ ﺣﺼ ﹴﻦ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﲞﻴﱪ)‪ (٩‬ﺻﺎ ﹶ‬
‫ﱀ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪$ :‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻗﺮ‪‬ﻛﹸﻢ ﻣﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻗﺮ‪ ‬ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﹶﻓ ﹸﻜﻠﱡﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﻮ ﹰﺓ ﺇﻻ ﻫﺬﺍ)‪ (١١‬ﺍﳊﺼﻦ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪) -٢٧٥٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :(١٣‬ﺃﻗﺮﻛﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻗﺮﻛﻢ ﺍﷲ!‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﻘﻄﻊ)‪.(١٤‬‬
‫‪] -٢٧٥٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻹِﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺩ)‪ ،(١٥‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻞ ‪-‬ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﻲ‬
‫ﻭﱂ)‪ (١‬ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ -‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑﱢﻠ ﹶﻎ)‪ (٢‬ﺃﹶﺩﱏ ﻣﺄﻣﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٤١‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٥٧-٤٥٦/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻧﺰﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺃﻫﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻳﻘﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻮﻣ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺧﻴﱪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻁ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﺍﺭﻋﺔ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺷﺌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺃﹶﺧﺮﺟﺘ‪‬ﻚ‪ (٢٧٣٠) ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ، ‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﻧﻘﺮﻛﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻗﺮﻛﻢ ﺍﷲ‪.#‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻫﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٥٤/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٣٦/١٠‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٥٣٠‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٦١/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٥٤/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٣٦/١٠‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٦١/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٩٠/٤) (٤٥٥/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪ " :‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻁ‪ .‬ﺑﻮﻻﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﰲ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ) ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺩ( ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﻗﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٨٤٢‬‬

‫ﱀ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻗﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎ ﹺﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎ ِﺀ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ)‪ (٤‬ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪..‬‬‫‪ -٢٧٥٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﺎ ﹶ‬
‫ﷲ ]‪ [‬ﺣﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ||)‪ (٦‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎ ِﺀ ‪ / 0‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﱠﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪: ‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ)‪(٥‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍ َ‬

‫ ¨ © ‪]  « ª‬ﺍﳌﻤﺘﺤﻨﺔ‪.[١٠ :‬‬

‫‪ -٢٧٥٥‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻐﻠﻮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﻠﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٥٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻓﺎﺳﺪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٥٧‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﻫﻢ ﻓﺄﺳﻠﻤﻮﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﺃﺣﺮﺍﺭ)‪.(٩‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺒﻠﻎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٥٥/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٥٩-٤٥٨/٥‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٧٩‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻃﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻻ ﻳﺒﻄﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﺒﻄﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺻﺎﳊﻬﻢ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﻧﻘﻀﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ ﻓﻴﻬﻦ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﺜﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺠﺎﺀﺗﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻛﻠﺜﻮﻡ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻌﻴﻂ ﻣﺴﻠﻤ ﹰﺔ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﹰﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﺃﺧﻮﺍﻫﺎ ﻳﻄﻠﺒﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻤﻨﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﱪ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺣﻜﻤﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻳﺒﻄﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٥٥٦/١١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٣٥/١٠‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ"‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٥٣١-٥٣٠‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ"‪ ،‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٦٣/٤‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻋﱪ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪ ‬ﲟﺎ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻭﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝﹲ؛ ﺇﺫ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻄﻮﺭ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٥٩/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٤٥/١٠‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٥٣١‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٦٣/٤‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪﻧﻴﺠﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺎﺑﻂ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻮ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﱂ ﲡﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ‪ ..‬ﳚﻮﺯ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸ‬
‫ﻁ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ ﰲ ﻋﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳍﺪﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺷﻬﺒﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺿﺎﺑﻂ ﺣﺴﻦ‪ .‬ﺍ‪ ’.‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٦٤/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٣٣٥/١٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺮﻯ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺩﻧﺔ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻓﺎﺳﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﻍ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ٢٦١/٤‬ﻭ‪.(٢٦٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(٤٥٩/٥‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﺀﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﻫﻢ ﻣﺴﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺮﺩﻩ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﺘﻘﻪ ﲞﺮﻭﺟﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺋﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٨٤٣‬‬

‫‪ -٢٧٥٨‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻄﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻷﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﺃﲦﺎﻥ)‪.(١‬‬

‫‪ -٢٧٥٩‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻌﻄﻮﻥ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٦٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﺎﳊﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻫﻢ‪ (٣)/‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﳚﻲﺀ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ‪‬ﻴﻬﻢ)‪،(٤‬‬
‫ﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﺼﲑ)‪ (٥‬ﺑﻌﺪﻣﺎ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٤٥/١٠‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٥٣١‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪،(٢٦٤/٤‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻛﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﺼﲑﻭﻥ ﺃﺣﺮﺍﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻘﻮﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹶﻞ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٤٥/١٠‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ »ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ« )‪ :(٣٦٥/١٤‬ﺇﻥ ﻏﻠﺒﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﰒ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺎﺟﺮ‪ ..‬ﻋﺘﻖ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳍﺪﻧﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺐ ﺃﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﰒ ﻏﻠﺒﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﺟﺎﺀﻧﺎ‪ ..‬ﻧﻈﺮ؛‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺎﺩﻧﺎﻫﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻏﻠﺐ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺑﺎﺣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳍﺪﻧﺔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻌﺘﻖ؛ ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﳏﺮﻣﺔ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻻ ﳝﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻬﺮ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٦٤/٤‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﰒ ﻏﻠﺒﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻣﺄ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٦٠/٥‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺼﺮﺡ ﺑﺘﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ..‬ﺃﻧﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﻋﺘﻘﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﺑﺎﻋﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺳﻴﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﺃﻋﺘﻘﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﻭﻻﺅﻩ ﳍﻢ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪.(٢٦٤/١٠‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﳍﻢ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻠﺒﻬﻢ ﰒ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻫﺎﺟﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﰒ ﻏﻠﺒﻬﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳍﺪﻧﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٦٠/٥‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٨٨‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٥٩-٤٥٨/٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪" :(٢٦٤/٤‬ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻫﻞ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﲝﻀﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﲑﺓ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺭﺳﻮﳍﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻏﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻈﻦ ﺻﺪﻗﻪ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻛﺸﻲ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺿﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ"‪ .‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻁ ﳎﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﱄ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ‪ ،-‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﺼﲑ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻔﻲ‪  ،‬ﺣﻠﻴﻒ ﺑﲏ‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﹶﺃﺳﻴﺪ ‪-‬ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪ -‬ﺑﻦ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﹶﺃﺳﻴﺪ ‪-‬ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺃﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺫ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﰲ ﻗﺼ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺒﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻀﻌﻔﲔ‬ ‫ﺯﻫﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺑﻜﻨﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﺛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﲟﻜﺔ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻭﺑﲔ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺩﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﺼﲑ‬
‫ﺸﺎ ﰲ ﲡﺎﺭ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻏﺒﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳌﺎ ﺃﺳﻠﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻟﻘﺎﺻﺪ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻧﻀﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺆﺫﻭﻥ ﻗﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﻭﻳﻬﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻟﻴﺴﺘﺮﳛﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﺏ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﺼﲑ ﳝﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﻳﺪﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺪﻝ ﻭﺃﰊ ﺑﺼﲑ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺪﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ )‪.(٤٣٣/٤‬‬ ‫ﻓﺪﻓﻨﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻨﺪﻝ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫‪ ٨٤٤‬‬

‫ﺨﱠﻠﻮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻌﺚ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ‬

‫‪ -٢٧٦١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻓﺄﻋﻄﺎﻫﻢ ﺃﻣﺎ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﻭﻋﻬﻮ ‪‬ﺩﺍ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺒﻌﺚ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬‬

‫‪]  ut s‬ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻞ‪.(٢) [١٠٦ :‬‬

‫ﻁ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎ َﺀ‪ -‬ﰒ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ -٢٧٦٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻓﺄﺳﻠﻤﺖ ‪-‬ﰲ ﺻﻠ ﹴﺢ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶ‬
‫ﺐ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻬ ﹺﻢ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻲ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٦٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺫﻫﺒﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﹲﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ‪ ..‬ﱂ‬
‫ﺻﺎ ﳑﺎ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻓﺎﺗﺖ )ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ()‪،(٤‬‬
‫ﻂ ﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﻗﺼﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻌ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺎﳊﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ )‪،٢٧٣١‬‬
‫‪ .(٢٧٣٢‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﻦ ﳐﺮﻣﺔ ‪. ‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٦٠/٥‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٧٥‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(٢٧١-٢٧٠/١٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٧٠-٤٦٥/٥‬ﻭﺻﺮﻳﺢ ﻧﺼﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺮﺩﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻡ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺎ ﺣﻜﻴﺎﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﺍﶈﺮﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ ﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺧﻼﻑ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﺘﺮﺽ ﻟﻠﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﺷﻚ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٣٤٠/١٠‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺻﺮﺡ ﺑﺸﺮﻁ ﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻓﺎﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻔﺴﺪﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻡ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪(٥٦٧/١١‬‬
‫ﺍﶈﺮﺭ )ﺹ‪ (٤٦٠-٤٥٩‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٥٣١-٥٣٠‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (١٢١/١٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٦٣/٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻭﺃﻃﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺭﺩ‪‬ﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٧٩‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪" :‬ﻭﺃﺷﺒﻬﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻄﻮﺍ ﻋﻮﺿ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪" :(٥٣١-٥٣٠‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺭﺩ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺄﺗﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺷﺮﻁ‪ ..‬ﻓﺴﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻣﺴﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺭﺩ‪‬ﺍ ﻓﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺐ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻣﻬﺮ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﱡﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪ :‬ﺳﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﱀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺞ ﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﻣﺎﻝ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺏ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٣٤١/١٠‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ" ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٨٤٥‬‬

‫ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ)‪ (١‬ﻣﺎ ﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪] / ‬ﻗﺎﻝ[)ﺯ(‪
²  :‬‬

‫‪]  ¹

¸
¶

´
³‬ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻞ‪ ،[١٢٦ :‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﹶﺓ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﺇﳕﺎ‬
‫ﺻﺎ ﳑﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻟﺰﻭﺟ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﺸﺮﻛ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﺳﻠﻤﺖ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺼﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٦٤‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺍﳍﺪﻳﺔ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٦٥‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻄﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻙ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺸﺎﻫﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﲡﻮﺯ)‪ (٤‬ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﻛﺎﻓﺮ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٦٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺷﻬﻮﺩ‪ ..‬ﻓﺼﺪﺍﻕ ﺍﳌﺜﻞ)‪ ،(٦‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻋﻲ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻌﻄﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٦٧‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﰒ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٦٨‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻓﻄﱠﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﺯﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ)‪.(٩‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻋﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٦٤/٥‬ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٦٣٢-٦٣١‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﻄﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺩﻓﻌﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٦٥/٥‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٧٩‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٥٦٧/١١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ .(٣٤٠/١٠‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳚﻮﺯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻌﻄﻰ ﻟﻮ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺑﺸﺎﻫ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٦٦/٥‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻡ ﲟﺠﺮﺩ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬
‫)‪ (٥٦٧/١١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٤٠/١٠‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٩٦/٧‬ﺃﻥ ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﻣﻌﺘﱪ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٦٦/٥‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٥٦٧/١١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٤٠/١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(٤٦٦/٥‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺄﻝ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﻠﻔﻪ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻓﻌﻪ ﰒ ﻳﺪﻓﻌﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ"‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٦٧/٥‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (١٣٠/١٧‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ )‪" :(٥٦٨/١١‬ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺴﻦ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ‬
‫ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺩﻧﺔ‪@ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﺀﱐ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺭﺩﺩﺗﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻜﻢ‪..‬ﱂ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﺀﻧﺎ‪ ..‬ﻭﺟﺐ! "‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﹶﻃﱠﻠﻘﹶﻬﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻣﱠﻠﻜﹶﻬﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻔﻌﻠﺖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺧﺎﻟﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻠﻐﺖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻃﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﺗﻄﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺒﻖ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻮﺽ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻗﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺣ ﱠﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﹶﻃﱠﻠﻘﹶﻬﺎ ﻃﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﺭﺟﻌﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺽ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﻌﻂ ﺣﱴ‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٨٤٦‬‬

‫ﺖ[)ﺯ( ﰒ ﺟﺎ َﺀ ﺯﻭﺟ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ﺕ ]ﹶﻓ ﹸﻘ‪‬ﺘﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٦٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺟﺎﺀَﺕ ﻓﺎﺭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٧٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٧١‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻌﻄﻰ ﻣﺸﺮﻙ ]ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ[)ﺯ( ﻟﺰﻭﺟ ‪‬ﺔ ﻓﺎﺗﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ‪ (٣)/‬ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔﹰ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻧﻘﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﻓﻴﻬﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻠﺢ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺕ ﹺﺇﻟﹶﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧﺬﹶﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﹸﻗﺘﻠﺖ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٧٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺳﻠﻤﺖ ﰒ ﺍﺭﺗ ‪‬ﺪﺕ ﰒ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺯﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﳝﻨﻌﻮﺍ ﲬﺮ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺧﻨﺎﺯﻳﺮﻫﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﳛﻞ ﳌﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫‪ -٢٧٧٣‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ ||‬
‫ﻣﻠﻜﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻳﺮﺍﺟﻌﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٦٧-٤٦٦/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٤٤/١٠‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﻘﻂ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻡ ﺑﺄﻥ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻄﱢﻠﻘﹶﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻃﻠﺒﻬﺎ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ ،(١٢٢/١٧‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٩٥/٤) (٤٦٧/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﰒ ﺍﺭﺗﺪﺕ‪ ..‬ﺍﺳﺘﺘﻴﺒﺖ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪..‬‬
‫ﻗﺘﻠﺖ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻓﺎﺗﺖ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻮﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﺗﺪ ﻓﺎﺭﺗﺪﺕ ﻭﻃﻠﺒﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻌﻄﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺘﻴﺒﺖ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻗﺘﻠﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﺪﺓ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﺘﻞ ﻓﻄﻠﺒﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﻄﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺘﻠﺖ ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﱴ ﻃﻠﺒﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺽ ﻷﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﻨﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬
‫)‪ (٥٦٩/١١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ .(٣٤٢/١٠‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٦٧/٥‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (١٢٨/١٧‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٥٧١/١١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ .(٣٤٤/١٠‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻊ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻏﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻟﻮ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺗﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻻ ﳜﻔﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٨٩‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٧٠/٥‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺛﺎ ‪‬ﻥ"‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺫﻛﺮ ﳓﻮ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ ٥٥٦/١١‬ﻭ‪ (٥٦٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ٣٣٥/١٠‬ﻭ‪ (٣٤٠‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﱂ ﳛﻜﻴﺎ ﺧﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻡ ﺇﻥ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻳﻔﺴﺪ ﺑﻔﺴﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﺎ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٥٦٩/١١‬ﻭﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬ ‫ﺽ ﻭﹸﻗ‪‬ﺘﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٦٨-٤٦٧/٥‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻮ ‪‬‬
‫)‪" :(٣٤٢/١٠‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻡ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ؛ ﺃﺻﺤﻬﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﳚﺐ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺭﺟﺤﺎﻩ ‪ ‬ﻗﻮ ﹲﻝ ﻻ ﻭﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺻﺮﻳﺢ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺰﺍﺩ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﺐ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱂ ﺃﻋﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٨٤٧‬‬

‫‪ -٢٧٧٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻘﺮﻫﻢ)‪ (١‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﲤﻨﻌﻬﻢ)‪] (٢‬ﻣﻨﻪ[؟‬

‫‪ -٢٧٧٥‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﹸﺃ‪‬ﻗ ‪‬ﺮﻫ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٧٦‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻷﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﺔ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻴﻲ ﻣﻮﺍ‪‬ﺗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺕ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻻ )ﻣﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٧٧‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ)‪ (٦‬ﻛﺴﺮ ﲬ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺧﱰﻳ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ)‪،(٧‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻓﺮ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪] -٢٧٧٨‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ [:‬ﺃﻥ)‪ (٩‬ﺍﷲ )ﺟﻞ ﺛﻨﺎﺅﻩ‪ (١٠‬ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﳛﻜﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﲟﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ]‪ [‬ﻧﹺﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ] ‪ [ ‬ﺃﻥ ﳛﻜﻢ ﺑﺜﻤﻦ ﺍﳋﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﳋﱰﻳﺮ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٧٩‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﺑﺈﲨﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪] :‬ﺃﻥ[)ﺯ( ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺮﻡ ﺷﺮﺑﻪ‪ ..‬ﺣﺮﻡ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ؛ ﻓﻼ ﳛﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﻻ‬
‫ﳛﻞ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺮﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳝﻨﻌﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٣١/٢) (٦٠٣/٣) (٤٧٤/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٢١/١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٩٧/٥‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺫﻥ ﳍﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﲝﺎﻝ" ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٢٧٨/٥‬ﻭﳜﺘﺺ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻮ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﻲ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺇﺫﻥ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳝﻠﻚ ﻗﻄﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﺣﻴﺎ ﺑﺈﺫﻧﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻋﱪ ﺑﺎﻷﺻﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٤٧٢/٥‬ﻭ‪ ٤٧٤‬ﻭ‪ (٤٩٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٢١/١٠‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺿﺎ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٩٣/٤) (٧٢١/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪" :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﺮﻕ ﲬﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﰊ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻏﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻗﻄﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﺳﺮﻕ ﻣﻴﺘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﳎﻮﺳﻲ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻗﻄﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻏﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﻡ ﺇﻻ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﳛﻞ ﲦﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻑ ﺭﺑﻊ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‪ ..‬ﻗﻄﻌﺘﻪ؛ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺭﻕ ﻟﺸﻴﺌﲔ‪ :‬ﻭﻋﺎﺀ ﳛﻞ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻏﺴﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﲬﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺳﻘﻂ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٥٠٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻷﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.  :‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٩٩/٥‬‬
‫‪ ٨٤٨‬‬

‫ﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻣ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳊﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﺎﳊﻜ ﹺﻢ ﰲ ﺃﹶﻣﻮﺍ ﹺﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٧٨٠‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ]ﻣﻦ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ[ ﻻ ﳛ ﱡﻞ ﺑﻴ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭ]ﻻ[ ﺷﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻩ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺼﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺨ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻜ ﹺﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩﻋﲔ‬
‫‪] -٢٧٨١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‪/١٣٦)/‬ﺏ( )‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﳚ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٨٢‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻜﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ )ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻮﻫﺎ ﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪ (٦‬ﺃﻭ ﺫﻣﻲ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻬﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ‬
‫‪ -٢٧٨٣‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﻴﲔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺗﻮﻩ ﰲ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ِ‬
‫ﻳﺄﺗﻮﻩ)‪.(٩)(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٨٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺟﻞ ﻭﻋﻼ ﻓﺎﻣﺘﻨﻌﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﺣﺎﺭ‪‬ﻢ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٨٥‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻫﺪ)‪ (١٢)(١١‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﲬ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺧﱰﻳ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﻻ ﳛﻞ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺇﻣﺴﺎﻛﻪ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﲑﻩ)‪(١‬؛ ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺄﺗﻮﻩ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ )ﺹ‪ (١٢٨‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﺮﱘ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﳋﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٤٧٤/٥‬ﻭ‪ (٤٩٩‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ٥٠٦‬ﻭ‪.(٥٠٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻫﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻳﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺩﻋﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺟﺰﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٥٠٤/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻧﺼﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﺐ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻫﺪﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺗﻮﻧﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٠٤/٥‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‬
‫)‪ (٣٨٥/١٤) (٣٠٦/٩‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٥٤/٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٩٥/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٥٤/٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٩٥/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺄﺕ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٠٤/٥‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٨٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(١٥٤/٧‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢٦١‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻟﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﳓﻜﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺪﻉ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٠٤/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٢٨/١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪" :(٣٠٦/٩‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﱪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺎﻫﺪﻳﻦ؛ ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺫﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﻋﻬﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﺔ ﺃﺧﺺ"‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٨٤٩‬‬

‫‪ -٢٧٨٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮﺍﱐ‪ (٣)/‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻋﺘﻖ ﻓﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﻭ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲝﻜﻢ‬
‫ﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ)‪ (٧‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻀﻲ)‪.(٨‬‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٥‬ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹸﺓ ﺃﻭ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻳﻄﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺽ)‪ (٩‬ﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳛﻜﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ)‪(١٠‬؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﺘﺐ ﳍﺎ‬
‫‪ -٢٧٨٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ]ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ[‪ :‬ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺻﻠﺢ ﺑﻄﻼﻕ)‪.(١٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻐﲑﻭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٤٧٢/٥‬ﻭ‪ (٥٠٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٢١/١٠‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٩٠‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﲢﺘﻤﻞ‪" :‬ﻭ" ﻭ"ﺃﻭ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺃﻱ ﻫﻮ ﳐﲑ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﻴﲔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻌﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٥٠٥-٥٠٤/٥‬ﻭ‪" :(٥٠٧‬ﺣﻖ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ‪-‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﳛﻜﻢ" ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ١٧٤‬ﻭ‪ (٢٨٠‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (٣٨١/١٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪(١٠٤/٨‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٥٤/٧‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﺐ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﳐﲑ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪" :(٣٠٧/٩‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ" ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٦١‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺼﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﳐﲑ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳ‪‬ﺬﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﲔ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﲔ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ ﻓﻼ ﳚﺐ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻔﺮﺽ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳍﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪" :(٢٢٤/٢‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺇﻥ ﻃﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﻲ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﰉ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﺎﺭﻗﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺴﻜﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻓﻌﺖ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺮﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻡ ﻻ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﳍﺎ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪...،‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﳛﻜﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺿﻴﺎ ﲨﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ ...،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺭﺿﻴﺎ ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﳐﲑ؛ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺣﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺗﺮﻙ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺣﻜﻢ‪..‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹺﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﺃﻥ ﻻ ﳛﻜﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‪ ".‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﺧﲑﺓ )‪ (١١١/١٠‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﲝﻜﻢ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ...،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫)ﺹ‪.(١٩٦‬‬
‫‪ ٨٥٠‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫‪] -٢٧٨٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (١‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﺫﻣﻲ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺃﻧﻜﺤﺖ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻭﱄ ﻭﻻ ﺷﻬﻮﺩ! ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ‬
‫ﺽ)‪(٣‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﳑﺎ ﻓﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﻗﺮ ﻏﻴﻼﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪] 
       : ‬ﺍﻷﻧﻔﺎﻝ‪ ،[٣٨ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﱄ ﻭﺃﺧﺘﲔ ﰲ ﻋﻘﺪﻩ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺝ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻭ ﱟ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺮﺿﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٦٥٠/٥‬ﻭﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (٤٦٠٩ :٢٢٠/٨‬ﻭ)‪ (٤٦٣١ :٢٥١/٨‬ﻭ)‪(٥٠٢٧ :٦٩/٩‬‬
‫ﻭ)‪ ،(٥٥٥٨ :٣٩٢/٩‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻧﺴﻮﺓ‪،(١١٢٨) ،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻧﺴﻮﺓ‪ ،(١٩٥٣) ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ )‪:٤٦٣/٩‬‬
‫‪ ٤١٥٦‬ﻭ‪ ٤١٥٧‬ﻭ‪ ،(٤١٥٨‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )‪ ،(٢٩٢/٢‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺎﱂ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﻏﻴﻼﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻔﻲ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻧﺴﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪$ : ‬ﺃﻣﺴﻚ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺎﺭﻕ ﺳﺎﺋﺮﻫﻦ‪ #‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‪" :‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺎﱂ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﲰﻌﺖ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ‪-‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ‪ -‬ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪@ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻏﲑ ﳏﻔﻮﻅ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺷﻌﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﲪﺰﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺖ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﻏﻴﻼﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻧﺴﻮﺓ!‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﹾﺛ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻘﻴﻒ ﻃﻠﻖ ﻧﺴﺎﺀﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﳏﻤﺪ ‪-‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪@ :-‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺎﱂ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ‪$ :‬ﻟﺘﺮﺍﺟﻌ ‪‬ﻦ ﻧﺴﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ َﻷﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﻗﱪﻙ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺭﺟﻢ ﻗﱪ ﺃﰊ ﺭﻏﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻏﻴﻼﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ؛ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﲪﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳊﺒﲑ )‪" :(٣٦٩-٣٦٨/٣‬ﺣﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ‪$‬ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ‪ #‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻫﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﰊ ﺯﺭﻋﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻞ ﺃﺻﺢ‪ ...‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺛﺮﻡ ﻋﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻪ ﺑﺘﻔﺮﺩ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ ﺑﻮﺻﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺑﻠﺪﻩ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﱪ‪ :‬ﻃﺮﻗﻪ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻟﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪" :‬ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﺮﻳﺪ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﳉﺮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﺳﻴﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺳﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﳎﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻭﺳﺎﱂ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻏﻴﻼﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻔﻲ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻧﺴﻮﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻓﺄﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﺳﻠﻤﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺯﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ..‬ﻃﻠﻘﻬﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ‪@ :‬ﺭﺍﺟﻌﻬﻦ!‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺛﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ )‪ (٢٧١/٣‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺪﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻥ )‪(٤٩٩/٣‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ‪.‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٨٥١‬‬

‫‪ -٢٧٨٩‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳﺒﻄﻞ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻉ ]ﻓﻴﻤﺎ[ ﺑﲔ ﺃﹶﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻣ ‪‬ﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺒﻄﻞ)‪ (٤‬ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻓﺎﺕ؛‬
‫‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ﹶﻓ ﹸﻜ ﱡﻞ)‪ (٥‬ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻓﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻷَﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻣ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ)‪(٦‬؛ ﻟﻘﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﷲ‪:‬‬

‫  ]ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪.[٢٧٨ :‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‪ :-‬ﻭﳑﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻱ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻨﺪﻩ )‪ (٤٦٣١ :٢٥١/٨‬ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﲨﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺜﲔ ﻣﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻮﻉ ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺜﻪ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻟﻔﻈﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻔﻲ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﲢﺘﻪ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻧﺴﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ : ‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،#‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﰲ ﻋﻬﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ..‬ﹶﻃﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﻧﺴﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺴﻢ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﲔ ﺑﻨﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﻠﻎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﻷﻇﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺮﻕ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻼ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﱘ ﺍﷲ ﻟﺘﺮﺍﺟﻌﻦ ﻧﺴﺎﺀﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺘﺮﺟﻌﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻊ ﲰﻊ ﲟﻮﺗﻚ ﻓﻘﺬﻓﻪ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻤﻚ ﺃﻧﻚ ﻻ ﲤﻜﺚ ﺇﻻ ﻗﻠﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻷﻭﺭﺛﻬﻦ ﻣﻨﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻵﻣﺮﻥ ﺑﻘﱪﻙ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴﺮ ‪‬ﺟﻢ ﻛﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺟﻢ ﻗﱪ ﺃﰊ ﺭﻏﺎﻝ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ )‪ (٦٥٨ :٢٦٣/١٨‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ )‪ (٧٤٩٤ :٢٧٨/٧‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﲝﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﺎﺀ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ )‪ (١٣٢٢١ :٣١٥/١٢‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﲪﺰﺓ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﺃﰊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺳﺎﱂ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ )‪ (١٦٨٠ :١٩٠/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ (١٨٣/٧‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ )‪ (٢٧١/٣‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻦ ﳎﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻭﺳﺎﱂ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻏﻴﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﺮﻭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ ﺇﻻ ﺳﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻥ )‪" :(٥٠٠/٣‬ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺤﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺳﺎﱂ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﺮ ﰲ ﻗﺼﺔ ﻏﻴﻼﻥ‪ ..‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﺘﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻌﻔﻪ ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻞ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ )‪ (٧٠٧/٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻞ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ )‪ (١٢٥-١٢٣/٣‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﻢ ﻭﺍﻹﻳﻬﺎﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٥٠٠-٤٩٥/٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳊﺒﲑ )‪ (٣٦٩-٣٦٧/٣‬ﻭﺇﺭﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﻠﻴﻞ )‪ (٢٩١/٦‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ"‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﻘﻴﻖ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (٢٢٤ :٢٢١/٨‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳏﻘﻘﻮﻩ‪" :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻄﺮﻗﻪ ﻭﺷﻮﺍﻫﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﻮﻋﲔ ﺑﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٠٥/٥‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (١٧٨‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (٨٧/١٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٩٦/٣‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺒﻄﻞ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺒﻄﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﲢﺎﻛﻤﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﳍﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٩٧/٤) (٤٧٢/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺒﻄﻞ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺒﻄﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٤٧٣/٥‬ﻭ‪ ١٩٧/٤) (٥٠٦‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (٨٦/١٧‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪.(٢١٧/٧‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫‪ ٨٥٢‬‬

‫‪ -٢٧٩٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮﺍﱐ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻮﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ]ﻟﻪ[ ﺫﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺙ‪..‬‬
‫ﺱ‪ (١‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺛﻮﻩ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﺎﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪) ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﻴﻬﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﻭﻻ ﺍ‪‬ﻮ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٢٧٩١‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٣‬ﺟﲎ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ‪ (٤)/‬ﻋﺼﺒﺔ ﻳﻌﻘﻠﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﹸﺃ‪‬ﺗﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺎ ﺩﻳ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ)‪ (٦‬ﻓﺬﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺃﹶﻫ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺑﺎ)‪ ..(٧‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﺸﻔﻬﻢ‬
‫‪ -٢٧٩٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺎ َﺀ ﳏﺘﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﱴ ﳚﻲﺀ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ)‪.(٩)(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٩٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﻜ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺣﺮ ‪‬ﳝ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ ..(١٠‬ﱂ ﺃﻛﺸﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﳊﺮﳝﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺴﺨﻨﺎﻩ)‪.(١٢)(١١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﻴﻬﻮﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮﺍﱐ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻮﺳﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٠٧/٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٥٤/٦‬ﻭﻣﺎﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ٌﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٤١‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٤٧٣/٥‬ﻭ‪.(٥٠٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺑﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻃﺎﻟﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﳍﺎ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢١٠/٤) (٥٠٤/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪ ..." :‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻜﺸﻔﻮﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻲﺀ ﳑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻠﻮﺍ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ؛ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺿﺮﺭ‪‬ﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﺄﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺿﺮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﱂ ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﺸﻔﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ"‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢١٣/) (٥١١/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪.(٩٠/١٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﻱ‪" :‬ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﹲﺓ ﻣﻦ ﳏﺎﺭﻣﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﺃﻧﻜﺤﺘﻬﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻔﺴﺨﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺇﻥ ﲢﺎﻛﻤﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺣﺮﻣﻨﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢١٣/٤) (٥١١/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٣٠٣/٩‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (٨٧/١٧‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪ (٢١٨/٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ،(١٩٦/٣‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺳﻲ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺇﺑﺎﺣﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﲞﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮﺍﱐ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٨٥٣‬‬

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‫‪ -٢٧٩٤‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ /‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪




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‫‪ -٢٧٩٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺪﺓ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻷﻏﻠﺐ ﺃﻧﻪ ‪‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺏ)‪ (٤‬ﺑﻪ ﹸﻗ‪‬ﺘﻞﹶ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺎ ﺍﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻪ)‪(٥‬؛ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫ﺿ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻗﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩﻱ ﺣﲔ ﺭﺿﺦ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻳﺔ)‪.(٧)(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٩٦‬ﻭﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻬﻪ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﺍﻷﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ )ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ‪ (١‬ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﻣﺜﹸﻠﻪ)‪(٢‬؛‬
‫ﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺎ ﻣﺎﺋ ﹰﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ : ‬ﺃﹶﻻ ﹺﺇﻥﱠ ﰲ ﻗﺘﻴ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳋﻄ‪‬ﺄ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺑ ﹺﻞ‪.(٣)#‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.  :‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٩١‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺻﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٥-١٤/٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٦٨‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣/٤‬ﻭﺿﺎﺑﻂ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺡ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺜﻘ ﹴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﹸﻓ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﻗﺼﺪ ﹶﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ‪-‬ﺑﺄﻥ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻗﺼﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﺟﺎﺭ ﹴ‬
‫ﺭﻣﻰ ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﻓﺄﺻﺎﺑﻪ‪ ..-‬ﻓﺨﻄﹲﺄ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺼﺪﳘﺎ ﲟﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺸﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﺪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻧﺲ ‪ ‬؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﳊﺠﺮ‪،(٦٨٧٩) ،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﶈﺎﺭﺑﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺛﺒﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺑﺎﳊﺠﺮ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﶈﺪﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺜﻘﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪.(١٦٧٢) ،‬‬
‫‪ ٨٥٤‬‬

‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫]ﺣﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺪﺍ[ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺐ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫‪] -٢٧٩٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺄ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﻲ َﺀ ﻓﻴﺼﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ)‪(٥‬؛ ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﹸﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ )ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﺣﺪ‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪$ :‬ﺃﹶﰊ‬
‫ﺃﹶﰊ‪.(٧)#‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٩٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٨‬ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻗﺎ ‪‬ﻡ)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨ ﹶﺔ ]ﳍﻢ[ ﺃﻭ)‪ (١٠‬ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ﳍﻢ‪] ،‬ﻭ[ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺛ ﹸﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺻﻐﺎ ‪‬ﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺒﺎ ‪‬ﺭ‪ ..‬ﻓﺄﹶﻭﻟﻴﺎ ُﺀ ﺍﻟﺪ ﹺﻡ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻳﺮﺛﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -٢٧٩٩‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (١٢‬ﻋﻔﻰ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ)‪ ..(١٣‬ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺣﺎﱠﻟ ﹰﺔ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٨/٦) (١٩/٧‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﻭﲰﺎﻩ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ" ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٦٨‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٨/٦) (٢١/٧‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (٦٥٣٣ :٨٨/١١‬ﻭ)‪،(١٥٣٨٨ :١٠٨/٢٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﻛﻢ ﻫﻲ؟ )‪ (٤٥٤٨) (٤٥٤٧‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻛﻢ ﺩﻳﺔ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ‪ ،(٤٧٩١) ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ )‪،(٦٠١١ :٣٦٤/١٣‬‬
‫ﹸﻛﻠﱡﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﻤﺮﻭ ‪ ‬ﺇﻻ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ : ‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٨/٦) (١٩/٧‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‬
‫)‪ (٤٥٤٩‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺮﻗﻢ )‪ (٤٧٩٩‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﲟﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﻢ ﻭﺍﻹﻳﻬﺎﻡ )‪" (٢٥٧٦ :٤١٠/٥‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺤ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺤﺎ؛‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻀﺮﻩ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺻﺤﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻀﻌﻒ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺪﻋﺎﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٧٦/٦) (٤٣٣/٧‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٦٨‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺐ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺴﻲ ‪.(٣٨٢٤) ‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻅ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‪ :‬ﺷﺨﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﲡﻮﺯ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٨٥٥‬‬

‫‪ -٢٨٠٠‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺋ ﹲﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ؛ ﺛﻼﺛﻮﻥ ﺣﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﻼﺛﻮﻥ ﺟﺬﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻠ ﹶﻔ ﹰﺔ ﺃﹶﻭﻻﺩﻫﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻮ‪‬ﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﻔﻰ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫‪ -٢٨٠١‬ﻭﻟﻠﻌﺎﰲ‬
‫ﺣﺼﺘﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٠٢‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﺪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺎﺭ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻪ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٠٣‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫‪] -٢٨٠٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٠٥‬ﻭﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺳﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺳﻨﺔ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٠٦‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻠﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﻟ ‪‬ﻐﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٠٧‬ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆﺧﺬ‪ ..‬ﺭﺑﻊ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٠٨‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﰲ ﻋﺼﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺘﻢ ‪‬ﻢ ]ﺛﻠﺚ[ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ ..(١٢)/‬ﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﳌﺎ ﹺﻝ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻳﻠﻮ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﱄ‪/١٣٧)/‬ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (١٣‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٣٠/٧‬ﻭ‪.(٣٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٧٧-٢٧٦/٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٤٨٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﰲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺄﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٤/٧‬ﻭ‪.(٣٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٧٧/٧‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﻌﺠﻞ ﺑﻘﺘﻠﻪ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺭﺛﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٧٦/٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٤٨٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٧٥/٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٤٨٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٨٦/٧‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٩١‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﻋﺼﺒﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(٢٨٦/٧‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪ ...‬ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﻧﻪ‪ ..‬ﺭﺑﻊ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﻘﺺ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ" ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٤٩٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٩٢‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٨٥٦‬‬

‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺽ‪،‬‬
‫ﳐﺎ ﹴ‬ ‫‪] -٢٨٠٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﺃﲬﺎﺱ)‪] (٢‬ﰲ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺳﻨﲔ[‪ ،‬ﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺕ ﻟﺒﻮ ‪‬ﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺣﻘ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺟﺬﻋ ﹰﺔ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﺑ ‪‬ﻦ)‪ (٤‬ﻟﺒﻮ ‪‬ﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨١٠‬ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺳﻨﲔ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨١١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ]ﰲ[ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻠﺚ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬
‫ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨١٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﹸﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ)‪ (٩‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﱄ ﳎﻨﻮﻥ ﺃﻭ)‪ (١٠‬ﻣﻐﻠﻮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﻠﻪ‪ ..‬ﺣﹺﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺗ ﹸﻞ ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻔﻴﻖ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﳝﻮﺕ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻡ)‪ (١١‬ﻭﺭﺛﺘﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﻪ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨١٣‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺭﺛﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺩﻳﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﻌﺮﺽ ﺳﻴﻒ)‪ (١٤‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺭﻣﺢ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﺩ‪) ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨١٤‬ﻭﻟﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ‪ ،(٢) (١‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ)‪] (٣‬ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ[ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻠﺔ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٨٦/٧‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ " :‬ﻋ ﹶﻘ ﹶﻞ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﲨﺎﻋ ﹸﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ" ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺑﻴ ‪‬‬
‫)ﺹ‪.(٤٩٢-٤٩١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﲬﺎﺳ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻨﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻨﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٧٨/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻹﺑﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢١/٧‬ﻭ‪ (٢٧٥‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٤٩٢-٤٩١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺃﻱ ﰲ ﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٧٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺘﻘﻮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﳐﺎﻟﻒ ﻟﻨﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٥٣/٧‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ )ﺹ‪ (٢١٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪(٤٤٣/٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢١٤/٩‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ .(٤٤٢/١٥‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪(٤٩٦-٤٩٥/١١‬‬
‫ﻭ)‪.(٤٤٣/١٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺳﻴﻔﻪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٨٥٧‬‬

‫‪ -٢٨١٥‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪] 
        : ‬ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ ،[٩٤ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ : ‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﺻﺒﺖ)‪ (٥‬ﺑﻌﺮﺿﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﺄﻛﻞ)‪.(٧)#(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨١٦‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗﻴ‪‬ﻦ ]ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ[ ﺣﲔ ﺿﺮﺑﺖ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﳘﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪) ،‬ﺗﻌﻤﺪﺕ‪ (٨)/‬ﺿﺮ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،(٩‬ﻓﻘﻀﻰ)‪ (١٠‬ﺑﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ)‪ (١١‬ﺿﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺧﻄﹰﺄ ﻟﻠﺠﻨﲔ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻓ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻁ ﺿﺮ‪‬ﺑﺎ ﻛﺜ ‪‬ﲑﺍ ﻳ‪‬ﻘﺘ ﹸﻞ ﻣﺜﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٨١٧‬ﻓﺈﻥ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺗﻜﺮﺭﺕ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٤/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢١/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺻﻴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺆﻛﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻭﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﲰ‪‬ﻀﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﺑﺎﻷﻳﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﻣﺎﺡ ﺻﻴﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﲎ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺑﻌﺮﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺢ‪ ..‬ﻓ ‪‬ﺪ ﱠﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﲝﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺢ ﻭﺑﻌﺮﺿﻪ؛ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺴﻤﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﺻﻴﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﲝﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺢ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﺎﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺑﻌﺮﺿﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳋﱪ ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺪﻱ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﰎ ‪ ‬؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﺑﺎﺋﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﺍﺽ ﺑﻌﺮﺿﻪ‪ ،(٥٤٧٧) ،‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺑﻌﺮﺿﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﺄﻛﻞ‪ #‬ﻭ ﺑﺮﻗﻢ )‪ (٥٤٨٦‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺒﺖ ﺑﻌﺮﺿﻪ ﻓﻘﺘﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻭﻗﻴﺬ ﻓﻼ ﺗﺄﻛﻞ‪ ،#‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﺑﺎﺋﺢ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻼﺏ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻤﺔ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ (١٩٢٩‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٤٢‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺘﻌﻤﺪﺕ ﻟﻀﺮ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﻀﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ‪ ‬؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺟﻨﲔ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪ ﻭﻋﺼﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪ ﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ‪ (٦٩١٠) ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻗﺘﺘﻠﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻣﺖ‬
‫ﺇﺣﺪﺍﳘﺎ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﲝﺠﺮ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻄﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺼﻤﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ، ‬ﻓﻘﻀﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺩﻳﺔ ﺟﻨﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻏﺮ ﹲﺓ؛ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻭ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ﹲﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻀﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﻗﻠﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﶈﺎﺭﺑﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻭﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻠﺔ‪.(١٦٨١) ،‬‬
‫‪ ٨٥٨‬‬

‫‪] -٢٨١٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺎ ﺍﳋﻔﻴﻔﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫‪ -٢٨١٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻟﻘﺎﻩ ﰲ ﻧﺎ ﹴﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺌ ﹴﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮ ﹰﻃﺎ ﺃﻭ ﳏﻠﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﺣﱴ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺩ)‪.(٤‬‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺝ)‪ (٣‬ﻣﺮﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ‪‬ﺩ)‪.(٧)(٦‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٨٢٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﺧﻨ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻭ ﹶﻏ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺜﻮ ﹴ‬
‫ﺏ ﺣﱴ ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﺑﺎﳌﻘﺘﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﳑﺎ‬ ‫‪] -٢٨٢١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ‪/‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(١٠‬‬ ‫ﹸﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﺑﺎﳌﻘﺘﻮﻝ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬‬
‫ﺿ ﹺﺮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻣﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ )ﻳﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺑ ﹶﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬ ‫ﻼ ﺑﺸﻲ ٍﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﻏﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٨٢٢‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ)‪ ،(١١‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺿﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺿﺤﺖ‪ ..(١٢‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ)‪.(١٤‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻓﺄﻭﺿﺤﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺿﺢ)‪ ..(١٦‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺃﻥ)‪ (١٥‬ﻣﺜﻠﹶﻬﺎ ]ﻻ[ ﻳﻮ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٢٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻷﻏﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ‪ ،(١٧)/‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻠﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻄﺄ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﻘ ﹸﻞ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻠ ﹸﺔ ﻛ ﱠﻞ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﹶﻗ ﱠﻞ)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻭ ﹶﻛﹸﺜ ‪‬ﺮ)‪.(٤)(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٥/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳜﺮﺝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٦-١٥/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٧/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻗﺒﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺎ ﺍﳋﻔﻴﻔﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٩٣‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٨/٧‬ﻭ‪.(١٥٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳉﺮﺡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﺘﻮﺭﻣﺖ ﻓﺄﻭﺿﺤﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٩/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻷﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/١٣٨‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٨٥٩‬‬

‫‪ -٢٨٢٤‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻗﻀﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻠﺔ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫‪ -٢٨٢٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺣﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٢٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﻄﹰﺄ‪ ..‬ﻓﺪﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻳﺘﻪ؛ ﰲ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻬﺎ ﻭﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ)‪.(٧‬‬

‫‪ -٢٨٢٧‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ®  ...¤  £  :(٨) ‬‬

‫  ]ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪.[٤٥ :‬‬

‫‪ -٢٨٢٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻷﺣﺮﺍﺭ)‪(٩‬؛ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺩﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ)‪.(١٠‬‬

‫‪] -٢٨٢٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﺔ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺩﻭ‪‬ﺎ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫ﺺ)‪ (١٢‬ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻻ ﻛﺎﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺﺑ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٣٠‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٣١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺟﺮﺡ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺫﻣ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ)‪.(١٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻌﻘﻞ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻗﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٩/٧‬ﻭ‪.(٢٩٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ ﻗﺮﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٦/٧‬ﻭ‪.(٥٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٥٣/٧‬ﻭ‪.(٢٦١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.  :‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٩/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١١٧/٧‬‬
‫ﺺ ﺍﻷﻣ ‪‬ﲑ ﻓﻼﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻼ ‪‬ﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻗﺘﺺ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ؛ ﻓﺠﺮﺣﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫)‪" (١٢‬ﺍﻹﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ .‬ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺟﺮﺣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻗﻮﺩ‪‬ﺍ"‪ .‬ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(١٠٥/١٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٦٢/٧‬ﻭ‪ ٦٧‬ﻭ‪ ٩٨‬ﻭ‪.(١٣٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٩/٧‬ﻭ‪.(٩٩‬‬
‫‪ ٨٦٠‬‬

‫‪ -٢٨٣٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﹸﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺗ ﹸﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻃﻠﺒﻮﺍ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻳ ﹸﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺐ ﳍﻢ)‪.(١‬‬‫ﻣﺎ‪‬ﻟﻪ‪‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺣ ‪‬ﻖ ﻭﺟ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺹ‪ ..‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺎ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹸﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪ -٢٨٣٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺉ ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻭﺻﺎﻳﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺴﺎﺋﺮ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻳ ﹶﺔ‪ ..‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺘﺺ)‪ (٦‬ﻟﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺑﺮﺉ ﺍ‪‬ﺮﻭﺡ)‪،(٧‬‬
‫ﺡ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫‪] -٢٨٣٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺰ ﻋﻔﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻳ ﹸﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺭﺛﺔ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻋﻔﺎ ﻋﻤﺎ ﱂ ﳚﺐ ﻟﻪ‪) ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻔﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺮﺣﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳ ﹰﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻔﻮ‪ ،(١٠)/‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻣﺎ)‪ (١١‬ﺃﻭﺻﻰ‬
‫ﺡ ﺇﱃ ﺃﹶﻥ ﺻﺎﺭﺕ)‪ (٩‬ﻧﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ‪ (٨‬ﺣﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﳉﺮﺍ ﹺ‬
‫ﺑﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ)‪ (١٢‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻟﻪ ﺣﲔ ﻋﻔﺎ)‪.(١٤) (١٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٣٥‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﻋﻔﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻭﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﳌﲑﺍﺙ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ)‪ (١٥‬ﺃﻭﱃ ﺃﻥ ﲤﻨﻊ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٧/٧‬ﻭ‪.(٣١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٧-٢٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺾ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻔﻮﻩ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻻ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻧﺘﻘﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺻﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٩٤‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳌﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻔﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻥ ﻋﻔﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﻋﻔﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻮﳘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٧/٧‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﺗﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹰﺔ ﺇﻥ ﻋﻔﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٤٣/٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٨٦١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺗﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٣٥٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫)‪ .(٤٣/٣‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" (٢٧/٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﳚﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺗﻞ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٣‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﲡﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺗﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺼﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺗﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺼﻮﺻﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ ﻣﺮ ﹰﺓ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺮ ﹰﺓ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺒﹺﻨ‪‬ﻴ ﹰﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻭﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ )‪ ،(٢٢٠/٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﲔ ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (٢٩٨/١٦‬ﺟﻮﺍﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪" :(٣٢١/٦‬ﻭﻧﺼﻮﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ ‬ﻫﺎﻫﻨﺎ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺗﻞ"‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺳﺎﻗﻂ ﻣﻦ ﻁ‪ .‬ﺑﻮﻻﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻁ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺪﺭﻛﻪ ﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻓﻌﺖ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ‪‬ﺟﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲜﻨﺎﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻔﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺵ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﺵ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻠﻔﻆ ﻭﺻﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻭﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ‪ ..‬ﻭﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ :‬ﺟﻮﺍﺯﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺴﻘﻂ ﺍﻷﺭﺵ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺟﺮﻯ ﺑﻠﻔﻆ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻔﻮ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﻘﻂ ﻗﻄﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻛﺎﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﲤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٣٢٠/٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٤٤-٢٤٣/٩‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪(٥١/٤‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٨١‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﲡﺐ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﱃ ﲤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﻗﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﰲ ﻋﻔﻮﻩ ﳌﺎ ﳛﺪﺙ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪..‬‬
‫ﺳﻘﻄﺖ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٠/٦) (٢٧/٧‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪" :‬ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﳚﺰ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺗﻞ‪ ..‬ﺃﺑﻄﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﺗﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺭﺛﺔ؛‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻭﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺗﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺗﻞ‪ ..‬ﺟﻌﻞ ﻋﻔﻮﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ ﻭﺻﻴﺔ ﻳﻀﺮﺏ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﺎﻳﺎ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﳚﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺗﻞ" ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ ﰲ )‪ (٤٠/٧‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﲜﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﻳﺔ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﻧﻔﺴ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﻻ ﲡﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺻﻴﺔ ﲝﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺻﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻱ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤٣‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﺗﺎﻣﺔ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻭﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٢٤٤-٢٤٣/٩‬ﺇﻥ ﺟﺮﻯ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺑﺮﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺳﻘﺎﻁ ‪ ...‬ﻓﻘﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ؛ ﻟﻼﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﻘﻂ ﻗﻄﻌ‪‬ﺎ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺟﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻭﺍﺟﺒﺔ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﻞ‬
‫@ﻭﻣﺎ ﳛﺪﺙ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ!‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﳛﺪﺙ!‪ ..‬ﻧﻈﺮ؛ ﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻠﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ ‪ ...‬ﺑﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺗﻞ‪ ...‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻋﻔﻮﺕ ﻋﻨﻪ! ﺃﻭ @ﺃﺑﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺪﺙ! ﺃﻭ @ﺃﺳﻘﻄﺘﻪ!‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﳛﺪﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺿﻤﺎﻧﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺒﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻳﺆﺛﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺷﻰﺀ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺟﺮﻯ ﺑﻠﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺑﺮﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺳﻘﺎﻁ‪ ...‬ﻓﺎﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﻘﻂ ﻗﻄﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٨٩/٦) (٢٢١/٧‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪" :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳍﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﺎﻳﺎ ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﲡﻮﺯ ﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻧﺺ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻔﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻭﺻﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻴﺄﰐ ﻗﺮﻳﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺫ ﹾﻛ ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٨٦٢‬‬

‫‪ -٢٨٣٦‬ﻭﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ ﺑﻮﺍﺣﺪ)‪(١‬؛ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻤﺮ ]ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ[)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ﻼ ﲝﺪﻳﺪ ‪‬ﺓ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺍﻵﺧ ‪‬ﺮ)‪ (٥‬ﺑﻌﺼﺎ ﺧﻔﻴﻔ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺷﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺄ‪..‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -٢٨٣٧‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺿﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ)‪ (٦‬ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ (٧‬ﰲ ﻣﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺣﺎﱠﻟ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﻗﻠ ‪‬ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ ﻳﻘﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺩﻳﺔ؛ ﻧﺼﻔﻪ ﻋﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺭ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺼﺎ ﺍﳋﻔﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺛﻠﺚ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ)‪.(١٠) (٩‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺭ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٢٨٣٨‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪/١٣٨)/‬ﺏ( ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻨﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺏ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﺑﻌﻤﺪ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻻ ﻳﺰﻭﻝ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ؛ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻷ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺰﻭﻝ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺍ‪‬ﻨﻮﻥ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٣٩‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻨﻮﻥ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (١٣‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﻄﺄ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻗﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺷﺮﻛﻬﻢ)‪.(١٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٨/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٥٩/٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻫﻞ ﻳﻌﺎﻗﺐ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻘﺘﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ )‪ (٦٨٩٦‬ﻋﻦ‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﻏﻼﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻗﺘﻞ ﻏﻴﻠ ﹰﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‪$ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻙ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺻﻨﻌﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﻟﻘﺘﻠﺘﻬﻢ‪.#‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲝﺪﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٨/٧‬ﻭ‪ ٥٨‬ﻭ‪ (١٠٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٦١/٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٥٨/٧‬ﻭ‪ (١٠٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٦٣-١٦١/٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٣٦/٩‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٨/٧‬ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﺃﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ )‪ (١٠٢/٧‬ﺟﺰﻡ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﱯ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻨﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ )‪ (٧٢/٧‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﻗﻮﻟﲔ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﳍﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻠﺔ ﲢﻤﻞ ﻋﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﱯ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻨﻮﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ ﲢﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪" ،‬ﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ﻛ ﹰ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
 ‫‪٨٦٣‬‬

‫‪ -٢٨٤٠‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ (١)/‬ﻓﻴﻪ؛ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﺎﺋﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻣﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻘﻠﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ)‪ (٢‬ﺣﺎﻝ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﻌ ﹲﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻸﻭﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺅﻭﺍ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪] -٢٨٤١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹶﻞ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺅﻭﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﺮﻛﻮﺍ)‪ (٥‬ﻣﻦ ﺷﺎﺅﻭﺍ؛ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻮﺍ‪ ..‬ﺃﺧﺬﻭﺍ)‪ (٦‬ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﺟﻢ؛ ﺇﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻌﻔﻮﺍ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ..‬ﺃﺧﺬﻭﺍ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﻋﻔﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ)‪ (٨‬ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻳﺔ ﻗﺘﻴﻠﻪ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺘﻠﺘﻪ)‪ (١٠‬ﻣﺎﺋﺔ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﺃﺭﺍ ‪‬ﺩ‬ ‫ﻼ ﻓﻘﻄﻊ ﻳﺪﻩ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺟﻠﻪ ﰒ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ)‪ ،(١٣‬ﰒ‪/‬‬
‫ﺡ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺟﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٤٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻭﺭﺛ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ‪‬ﺩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻄﻌﻮﺍ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﺟﻠﻪ ﻭﻳﻀﺮﺑﻮﺍ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ)‪.(١٥‬‬
‫)‪(١٦‬‬
‫ﺃﺭﺵ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﺟﻠﻪ ﻭﻳﻘﺘﻠﻮﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﳍﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫‪ -٢٨٤٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ)‪.(١٧‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٤٢‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٩/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﺘﺮﻛﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺬ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺘﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺘﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٩٥‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺄﺧﺬ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٧‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٢/٧‬‬
‫‪ ٨٦٤‬‬

‫‪ -٢٨٤٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻬﻢ)‪.(١‬‬

‫‪ -٢٨٤٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ ]ﺃﺧﺬ[ ﺃﺭﺵ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻬﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٤٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻬﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٤٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺘﻪ)‪ (٥‬ﺟﺎﺋﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪@ :‬ﳓﻦ ﳒﻴﻔﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻧﻘﺘﻠﻪ!‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ )ﳍﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ‪(٦‬؛‬
‫ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﻣﻔﺮﺩﺓ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻘﺘﻠﻮﻩ‪) ..‬ﻓﻠﻬﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ‪(١٠‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳉﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻫﺎﺏ‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﺃﻥ ﳚﻴﻔﻮﻩ‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٤٨‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ)‪.(١١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺃﺭﺵ ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺗﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺩﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﺮﺍﻳﺘﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻬﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﳐﺎﻟﻒ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﺮﺍﻳﺘﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﺴﻘﻂ ﺑﺪﳍﺎ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺼﲑ ﻧﻔﺴ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﺮﺍﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﻣﻞ ﰲ ﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻗﻄﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻟﻮ ﺟﺮﺣﻪ ﺟﺮﺣ‪‬ﺎ ﺧﻔﻴﻔﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻻ ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﻟﻠﺴﺮﺍﻳﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺟﺎﻓﻪ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﺮﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺃﺭﺷﻪ ﰲ ﺩﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٨٨‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٧٦/٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٦٣/٦) (١٥٨/٧‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺳﺄﻟﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌ ﹶﻄﻮﺍ ﺃﺭﺵ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﺵ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﳍﻢ ﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‪ ...،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺑﺮﺃ‪ ...‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻤ ﹴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ ﰒ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﻠﺘﺌﻢ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺌﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﺴﺄﻝ ﻭﺭﺛﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﲑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﺭﺷﻬﺎ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﺷﻬﺎ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﱂ ﺗﺼﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﺎ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺟﺮﺍﺡ"‪ .‬ﻭﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٧٦-١٧٥/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺟﺮﺣﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﳍﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﻝ ﺣﺮﻓﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﳍﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٢/٧‬‬
 ‫‪٨٦٥‬‬

‫‪ -٢٨٤٩‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰒ ﺃﺟﺎﻓﻮﻩ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﺘﻠﻮﻩ)‪ ..(١‬ﺗ ﹺﺮﻛﹸﻮﺍ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫‪] -٢٨٥٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻟﻮﱄ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ)‪@ :(٣‬ﻗﺪ ﻋﻔﻮﺕ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻚ‬
‫ﱄ!‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻔ ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﻻ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٥١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻗﺪ ﻋﻔﻮﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ! ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻔﻮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪) ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ‪] (٥‬ﻋﻔ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ[؛‬
‫ﻷﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ /،‬ﻓﻌﻔﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﱂ ﳚﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٥٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٨‬ﻋﻔﺎ ﻋﻦ )ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ..(٩‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٥٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﻔﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﻳﻦ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ)‪ (١١‬ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻠﺲ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺘﻠﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٣٤/٧‬ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٢٤١/٩‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻋﻔﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺩ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﹰﺎ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻠﺪﻳﺔ‪ ..‬ﱂ‬
‫ﲡﺐ ﺩﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ ...‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ؛ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺞ‪ :‬ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﻛﺎﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻷﻧﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٣/٦) (٣٤/٧‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻗﺪ ﻋﻔﻮﺕ ﻋﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ!‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻔﻮ‪‬ﺍ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ؛‬
‫ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﻴﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﻟﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻻ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﰲ ﻁ‪ .‬ﺑﻮﻻﻕ ﻭﻁ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﻁ‪ .‬ﺭﻓﻌﺖ‪" :‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻔﻮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ"‪،‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﻁ ﺑﻮﻻﻕ‪ -‬ﰲ ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺶ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﹶﺛﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺒﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻮﺟ‪‬ﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪:‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻻ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ..‬ﻟﻐﻮ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ٢٣٩/٩‬ﻭ‪.(٢٤١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٤/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٥/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٣/٦) (٣٥/٧‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪" :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﺯ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻔﻮ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﱂ‬
‫ﺡ ﺍﶈﺠﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬‫ﳚﺰ ﻋﻔﻮ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻔﻮ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ" ﻭﰲ )‪ ٨٩/٦) (٢٢١/٧‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪" :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺟ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٨٦٦‬‬

‫‪ -٢٨٥٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (١‬ﻋﻔﻰ ]ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ[ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺎﺯ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻮﻝ؛‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺗﻠﻚ)‪ (٣‬ﻭﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺗﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻭﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺗﻞ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻭﱄ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٥٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ‪‬ﻴﺎﻥ؛ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ )ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﳏﺠﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،(٤‬ﻓﻌﻔﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ)‪ ..(٥‬ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻔﻮ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻠﻮﺻﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻫﺎ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٥٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٨‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻟ‪‬ﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻥ؛ ﻓﻌﻔﺎ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﻵﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﻗﺎﺗ ﹶﻞ ﺃﺑﻴﻬﻤﺎ)‪ ..(٩‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺪﺭﺃ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻮﺭﺛ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞﹺ ﺍﻷﻭ ﹺﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺑﻨﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ (١٠)/‬ﰲ ﻣﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ)‪.(١١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻐ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻌﺘﻮﻫ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺻﺒﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻔﺎ ﺃﺭﺵ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ ﻋﻔﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﻔﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺩ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ ﻋﻔﻮﻩ ﻓﻴﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻔﺎ ﺩﻳﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﻗﻠﺔ ﻗﺎﺗﻠﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻭﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﻐﲑ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ؛ ﻓﻤﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺟﺎﺯ ﻭﺻﻴﺘﻪ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺎﺯ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﰲ ﻭﺻﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﱂ ﳚﺰﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﲝﺎﻝ"‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻔﻠﺲ‬
‫"ﺇﻥ ﻋﻔﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻣﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﺐ ﺷﻲﺀ" ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ ،(٤٨١‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٤٢/٩‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤٩/٤‬ﻭﰲ )‪ (٤٨/٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻔﻠﺲ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺼﺢ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﺅﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﻭﺇﺳﻘﺎﻃﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻮ ﳎﺎﻧ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٥/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳏﺠﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٥/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٩٦‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ‪" :‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺗﻮﺻﻒ ﺑﺎﻹﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻜ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺳﺮﺟﺴﻲ ]ﺕ‪ [٣٦٥ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﲑﰲ ]ﺕ‪ [٣٣٠ :‬ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺭﺗ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺣﱴ ﲢﻘﻘﺘﻬﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﺮ‪‬ﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻮﻉ‪" :‬ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺽ" ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻐﻲ ]ﺕ‪ "[٣٤٢ :‬ﻓﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﱄ ﻗﺎﺗ ﹶﻞ ﺃﹶﺑﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠ ﹺﻢ ﺑﻌﻔ ﹺﻮ ﺃﹶﺧﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﹶﻡ ﻗﺒﻠﹶﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٩-٣٧/٧‬ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺘﲔ؛ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻫﻞ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﻮ ﱡ‬
‫ﻗﺘﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﲔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻔﻮ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻭﺑﻐﲑ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪(٢٤١-٢٤٠‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٨٦٧‬‬

‫ﺿﺤﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻔﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﳛﺪﺙ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺑﺴﺒﺒﻬﺎ)‪،(٢‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٨٥٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (١‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺞ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻣﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺉ)‪ (٣‬ﰒ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺛ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻭﺍ)‪ (٤‬ﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ)‪ (٥‬ﻭﺣﺪﺙ؛ َﻷ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻔﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ‬ ‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﰒ ‪‬‬
‫ﱂ ﳚﺐ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ]ﻟﻪ[ ﺑﻌﺪ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٥٨‬ﻭ]ﻗﺪ[ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ؛ َﻷ ﱠﻥ ‪‬ﺣ ﹾﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻔﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘ ﹶﻞ ﻓﺼﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﻧﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎ؛ ﻭﻻ ﻭﺻﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﺙ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﲔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻔﻮ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻭﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻔﻮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﲔ؛ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻒ‪ ..‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﺭ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﺘﺺ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﳛﻠﻒ‪ ..‬ﺣﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺤﱠﻠﻒ‪‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺣﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻮﻝ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺣﻠﻔﻮﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻔﻮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﻋﺎﳌﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﰲ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺟﻬﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼﻑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﻭﺣ‪‬ﻜﻢ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﻪ‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﻗﻄﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﻭﱂ ﳛﻜﻢ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻔﻮ‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺟﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻫ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺭﺟﺤﻪ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﺢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺰﻡ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ‪ ‬ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳉﻬﻞ ﺑﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺻﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺑﻴﲏ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﺭﻙ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻛﺸﻲ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﱄ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺘﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﻧﺼﻴﺒﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻞ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ؟ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ ،‬ﺫﻛﺮﳘﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٣٨/٧‬ﻭﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٤١‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (١٧٤-١٦٨/١٦‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٣٠٣/٦‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٢٥٩-٢٥٨/١٠‬ﺍﶈﺮﺭ )ﺹ‪(٣٩٨-٣٩٧‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢١٦/‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٧٩‬ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ )‪ (١٨٣/٨‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺝ )‪ (٤٢٠-٤١٩/٨‬ﻣﻐﲏ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٤١/٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٠١/٧‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٣٦/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﱪﺃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺄﺧﺬ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺯﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٨٦٨‬‬

‫ﻀﺎ‬
‫ﺿﺤﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺮﺽ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻋﻔﺎ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺰﻝ ﻣﺮﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻼ ﻣﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬‫‪ -٢٨٥٩‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﻋﺪﺍ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻋﻔﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻭ ﹺﻝ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻭﺻﻴ ﹲﺔ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻠﺜﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻏﲑ ﻗﺎ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻠﻪ‪‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻘﺎﺗﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ ﲡﻮﺯ)‪ (١‬ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٦٠‬ﻭﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻗﺎﺗ ﹴﻞ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪ (٣‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻔ ‪‬ﻲ)‪ (٤‬ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﻣﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳ ﹸﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ؛ َﻷ ﱠﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪] ‬ﺇﺫ[‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻹ ﹸﰒ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﹶﻭﱃ)‪.(٥‬‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬

‫ﷲ ‪‬ﺟ ﱠﻞ ﺛﹶﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻩ ﺣﲔ)‪ (٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺎﺭ‪ h g f  :‬‬

‫ﺏﺍِ‬
‫‪ -٢٨٦١‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠ ﹸﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺎ ‪‬‬

‫]‪]  [i‬ﺍ‪‬ﺎﺩﻟﺔ‪ ،[٢ :‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛ ﱠﻔﺎﺭ ﹰﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢٨٦٢‬ﻭﰲ)‪ (٧‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪]  ¾½ ¼ » º ¹  :‬ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺪﺓ‪ ،[٩٥ :‬ﰒ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ)‪.(٨‬‬

‫‪ -٢٨٦٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﲎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﺮ ﺟﻨﺎﻳ ﹰﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻋﻔﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺻﺢ‪..‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻭﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ)‪ (٩‬ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﺱ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺎﺭﺡ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳚﻮﺯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٠/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺪﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻔﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻔﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻔﻲ‪. ،‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥٤‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ‪ : ‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻡ‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻄﹰﺄ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺄﰒ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻋﻤﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻄﹰﺄ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺄﰒ"‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٤٩٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (١٠٧/٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ﲡﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺘﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻬﺎ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﶈﻘﻖ ﺯﻋﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ‪@ :‬ﺣﻴﺚ!‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺗﲔ ﺍﻟﻠﺘﲔ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ )‪.(٢٨٨-٢٨٧/١‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٩‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤١/٧‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
 ‫‪٨٦٩‬‬

‫‪ -٢٨٦٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﻨﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﹲﺓ)‪/١٣٩)/(١‬ﺏ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﺤ ﹰﺔ ﺧﻄﹰﺄ‪) ،‬ﻓﻨﻜﺤﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ..(٢‬ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺎ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ]ﺑﺄﺭﺵ[ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﻗﻠﺘﻬﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﻜﺤﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪ ..(٥‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٦٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻓﻌﺮﻓﺖ‪/‬‬
‫ﺻﺪﺍﻗﻬﺎ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪) -٢٨٦٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮ ﹲﻝ ﺁﺧﺮ؛ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :(٧‬ﳍﺎ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺟﺐ ﳍﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻹﺑﻞ)‪ (٨‬ﻏﲑ ﳏﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ)‪ (٩‬ﺇﺑ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﺴﻤﺎ ﹰﺓ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺼﻔﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ)‪ (١١)/ (١٠‬ﻛﻠﱠﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻨﻜﺤﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٤٣-٤٢/٧‬ﻭ‪ (٣١٨‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻷﻥ ﺃﺭﺵ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺎﳍﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻧﻜﺤﻬﺎ ﺑﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹴﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺼﺢ ﺍﳌﻬﺮ ﺑﺸﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﺵ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻗﻠﺘﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻧﻜﺤﻬﺎ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﺩﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﻜﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﻜﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻭﺍ ﻓﺮﻗﹰﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺄ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﰲ ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪" :(٤٥/٤‬ﻟﻮ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﺘﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻘﻪ‪..‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﺯ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻋﻮﺽ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻘﻂ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ؛ ﻟﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ...‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺗﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺒﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺼﺪﺍﻕ ﻓﺎﺳﺪ؛ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻳﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٨٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٥١/٩‬ﺭﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ (٧٥٩/٢‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٥٣/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٤٣‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻨﻜﺤﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٣-٤٢/٧‬ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻹﺑﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﺟﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺼﻔﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٩٧‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﰲ )‪ (٣١٨/٧‬ﺟﺎﺯﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ )‪ (٤٣-٤٢/٧‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٨٧٠‬‬

‫ﺴﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻋﻔﺎ‪،‬‬

‫‪] -٢٨٦٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﱴ ﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﻧﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﳍﺎ ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﳚﺰ ﳍﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪(٢‬؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﻮﺍﺭﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﻣﺎﳍﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ!‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪ -٢٨٦٨‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺟﻨﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺃﹶﻧ ‪‬ﻜ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ)‪ (٤‬ﰲ ﺟﺮﺍﺡ)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٦٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻜﺤﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺻﺪﺍﻕ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻭﺍﺭﺛﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ )ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‪ (٧‬ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪] -٢٨٧٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻻ ﲡﻮﺯ)‪) (٩‬ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ‪.(١١) (١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٧١‬ﻭﻻ ﲡﻮﺯ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻫﻦ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪] 
  :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ ،[٢٨٢ :‬ﻭﲡﻮﺯ)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻄﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ)‪.(١٣‬‬

‫ﻳﻘﺘﺺ ﻣﻨﻪ)‪.(١‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬

‫‪ -٢٨٧٢‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪ ..(١‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳑﺎ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻧﻔﺴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻱ ﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻬﺮ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺟﺮﺡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳚﻮﺯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﳚﻮﺯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٥٩٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﳏﺘﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﻻ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻏﲑ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬
 ‫‪٨٧١‬‬

‫‪ -٢٨٧٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻻ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻴﻪ؛ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﺎﺋﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﰲ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪ (٢‬ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺧﻄﹰﺄ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﺍﶈﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﲡﻮﺯ)‪ (٣‬ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﻮﺯ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺃﺻﻠﻪ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻣﺎ ﹰﻻ)‪.(٥) (٤‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺹ ﻭﹶﺃﺣﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٨٧٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ)‪ (٧‬ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪@ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻄﻮﱐ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ!‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ)‪ (٨‬ﺃﻗﻴﻢ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫‪] -٢٨٧٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ ﺃﻭﻟﻪ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻩ‪ /‬ﳑﺎ ﻻ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ؛ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻘﻠﺔ؛ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﳍﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﻘﻠﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﺼﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻟﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﺭﺵ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻪ‪) ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺇﻻ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﺍﻥ‪.(١١) (١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٧٦‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﺔ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻲ)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ)‪.(١٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳚﻮﺯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٤٤/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﱂ ﳚﺰ ﺇﻻ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﻳﻦ‪،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺇﻻ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﺍﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٤٤/٧‬ﻭ‪.(١٣٣-١٣٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺩﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ )‪ (١٢٢/١٢‬ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺮﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪‬‬
‫‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺎﺝ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺻﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺮﺹ ﺍﳉﻠﺪ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺸﻘﻪ ﻗﻠﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺣﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺷﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺿﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺸﻖ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺒﻀﻌﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳉﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﳌﺘﻼﲪﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺤﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﺤﺎﻕ‪ :‬ﺟﻠﺪﺓ ﺭﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻗﺸﺮﺓ ﺭﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﲰﺤﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺔ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻈﻢ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺤﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻠﻄﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﺤﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺸﻖ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﻭﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳍﺎﴰﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٨٧٢‬‬

‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻊ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﺔ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٧٧‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﺤ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺎﺭ)‪ (٢‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﻠﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻢ‬
‫ﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍ ‪‬ﳌﻠﹾﻄﺎ ﹸﺓ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٧٨‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﳉﻠﺪ ﹸﺓ ﻭﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹸﺔ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﹶﺫ ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬‫‪ -٢٨٧٩‬ﻭﺍ ﹸﳌﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻈ ‪‬ﻢ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٨٠‬ﻭﺍﳍﺎ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﺔ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٨١‬ﻭﺍ ﹸﳌ‪‬ﻨ ﱢﻘﹶﻠ ﹸﺔ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻋﻈﺎﻣﻬﺎ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٨٢‬ﻭﺍ ﹶﳌ ﹾﺄ ‪‬ﻣﻮ ‪‬ﻣ ﹸﺔ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﺮﻗﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻠﱠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺎﺭﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﻍ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﺴﻴﻔﻪ‪ ..‬ﻭﹶﻗ ﹾﻔ‪‬ﺘﻬ‪‬ﻤﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺎﻻ‪@ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﺮ ﺩﻣﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺿﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٨٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺷﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﺍ ‪‬ﻥ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺿﺮﺑﺘﻪ)‪ ..!(٦‬ﻗﺒﻠﺖ ﺷﻬﺎﺩ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻻ‪@ :‬ﻣﺎ)‪ (٧‬ﻧﺪﺭﻱ ﺃ‪‬ﺮ ﺩﻣﻪ)‪ (٨‬ﺃﻡ ﻻ!‪ ..‬ﱂ‬
‫ﺃﺟﻌﻠﻪ)‪ (١٠‬ﺟﺎﺭ ‪‬ﺣﺎ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫ﻼ!‪ ..‬ﱂ ﺃﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﺟﺎﺭ ‪‬ﺣﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ)‪:(٢‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٨٨٤‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻻ)‪ @ :(١‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺭﺃ ‪‬ﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺃﹶﻳﻨﺎ ﺩ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﺳﺎﺋ ﹰ‬
‫@ﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺮﺣﻪ! ﻭﱂ)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﻣﻴ ﹰﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﻮﻻ‪@ :‬ﺃﻭﺿﺤﻪ‪) ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻫﻲ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ!‪.(٥) (٤‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪‬ﺸﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻘﻠﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﻘﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﺍﺵ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻵﻣﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻣﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﻍ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﺎﺋﻔﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲣﺮﻕ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺧﺪﻭﺵ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﻣﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺪﻣﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻴﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﻡ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘ ﹾﻄ ‪‬ﻊ‪ .‬ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٣٣٠/٢٠‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺼﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٩٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٩٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٩٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺿﺮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳒﻌﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٥/٧‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٢٥٤‬‬
 ‫‪٨٧٣‬‬

‫ﻼ ﻣﻠﻔﻮﹰﻓﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻓﻘﹶﺄ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬‫‪] -٢٨٨٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻫﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ﹺﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺿﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻴ‪‬ﻨﻪ‪‬؛ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺃﻣﻮﺍ‪‬ﺗﺎ!‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺎﺅ‪‬ﻫﻢ‪@ :‬ﺑﻞ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﺀ! ﺃﻭ @ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ!؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨ ﹶﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺖ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺩﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ)‪ (٦‬ﺣ‪‬ﻴﺎ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺧ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٨٦‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻴﻤﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨ ﹶﺔ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﳍﺪﻡ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺀ)‪.(٨‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﻳﻘﻮﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﰒ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﻫﻲ ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ"‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٤٥/٧‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٢٥٤‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺣﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٩/٦) (٤٩/٧‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪" :‬ﻟﻮ ﺷﻬﺪﻭﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺩﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﺑﻴﺘ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻐﺎﺑﻮﺍ ﰒ ﻫﺪﻣﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﻫﺪﻣﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻣﺎﺗﻮﺍ‪ ..‬ﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺣﲔ ﻫﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺛﺎﻥ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﻮﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻓﻬﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﺎﺗﻮﺍ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻬﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(٢٥٥‬ﻭﻟﻮ )ﺷﻬﺪﺍ( ﺃﻧﻪ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻠﻔﻔﹰﺎ ﻓﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﺑﺎﺛﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﺃﺣﻠﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺣﻴ‪‬ﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﻗﺎﺗ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻬﺬﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺼ‪‬ﺎﻥ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹲﺔ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﱄ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻘﻴﲏ "ﻧﺎﺯﻉ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﳐﺎﻟﻒ‬
‫ﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﲨ ﹴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺟﺢ ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﺫﺭﻋﻲ"‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬
‫)‪.(٣٣/٤‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺑﻴﻨﺔ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﻞ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﺑﺜﺒﻮﺕ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺁﻩ ﻳﻠﺘﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺭﺁﻩ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؟‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺣﺴﲔ‪ :‬ﳚﻮ ‪‬ﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪" :‬ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻴﺲ ﳍﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﻬﺪﺍ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﻴﻒ ﳑﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻃﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﻴﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻴﺎﺏ ﳑﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﺎﻷﻣﻼﻙ؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﳍﺎ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻈﻮﺍﻫﺮ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺣﺴﲔ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ..-‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺼﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺻﺮﺡ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‪ ..‬ﺑﻄﻠﺖ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٨٧٤‬‬

‫ﺡ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺎﺀ)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺩ ﺑﺄﻳﺪﻳﻬﻦ‬
‫‪ -٢٨٨٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺸﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٨٨‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﺃﻗﻮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ‪) ..‬ﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪.(٤) (٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٨٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﻭﺍ ﺃﻗﺮﻉ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ؛ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻗﺮﻋﺘﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٢٠٩/٩‬ﻟﻠﻮﱄ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻴﻢ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹰﺔ ﲝﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﻳﻌﻤﻞ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻠﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﻬﺪﻭﺍ ﺑﺎﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺭﺃﻭﻩ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻠﻔﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﻭﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻴﻘﻨﻮﺍ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﺣﺎﻟ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﺍﻻ‪‬ﺪﺍﻡ؛ ﺍﺳﺘﺼﺤﺎﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺘﺼﺮﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﺭﺃﻭﻩ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻭﻳﺘﻠﻔﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﱂ ﺃﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‬
‫ﱄ ﺑﻼ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻮﺍﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺪ ﹾﻗﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻮ ﱠ‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢١٠/٩‬ﻣﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺗﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﶈﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻐﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﱄ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻘﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ"‪ .‬ﻭﰲ )‪ (٤١/١٠‬ﻣﻨﻪ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺻﺪﻗﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﱄ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ‪ :‬ﻻ؛ ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻬﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺎﺳﺮﺟﺴﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﳚﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻘﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﻭﺟﻬﲔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺇﳚﺎﺏ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻫﻮ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪ (١١٤/١٧‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪ (٤٨٠/١٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٦٨/١١) (٢٤٨/١٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ (٤٠/١٠) (٢٠٩/٩‬ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪ (٣٤-٣٣/٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٨/٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ .(٢٩٥/٧‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ .(٨٠/١٣‬ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ )‪.(١٧٨/٨‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٠/٧‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٢٥٧/١٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢١٥/٩‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻟﻠﻘﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٠/٧‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻗﻮﻯ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﺣﻖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻭﻳﻘﺮﻉ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺃﺟﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٠/٧‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻋﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﲔ ﻛﻞ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺘﺴﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻞ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻌﺠﺰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﺀ ﻛﺎﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ؟ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﻻ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ )‪- (٢١٥/٩‬ﺗﺒﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪" :-(٢٥٧/١٠‬ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺻﺤﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮﻳﻦ‪:‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﻋﺔ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻫﻠﻴﺔ" ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻻ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺃﻫ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٧٩‬ﻗﺪ ﺻﺤﺢ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٠/٤‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﻮ ﹲﻝ ﻻ ﻭﺟﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﻔﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻋ ﹶﺔ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
 ‫‪٨٧٥‬‬

‫‪ -٢٨٩٠‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :(١)/‬ﺇﻗﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺑﲔ ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻪ)‪ ،(٣) (٢‬ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻖ‬
‫ﺣﲔ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺕ ﺩﻋﻮﺍﻫﻢ)‪(٦) (٥‬؛ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ‪/١٤٠)/‬ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹸﺓ)‪ (٧‬ﻭﰲ ﺑﻄﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻟﺪ ‪-‬ﻳﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺃﻭ ﻻ)‪ (٨‬ﻳﺘﺤﺮﻙ‪ ..-‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ‬
‫‪ -٢٨٩١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﹸﻗ‪‬ﺘﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺟﻨﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺰﺍﻳﻠﻬﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺯﺍﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮ‪‬ﺎ)‪ ..(٩‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﻏﺮﻡ)‪(١٠‬؛ ﺇﻥ)‪ (١١‬ﺧﺮﺝ‪ (١٢)/‬ﺣ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻴ‪‬ﺘﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﻏﺮﺓ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹸﺓ ﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﲪﻞ‪ ..‬ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻀﻊ)‪.(١٥) (١٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٩٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺩ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﺩ ﻟﻸﻭﻝ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻟﻠﺒﺎﻗﲔ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﲨﻴ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‬ ‫)‪(١٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٩٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻧﻔ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٤٣‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻧﺴﺎﻭﻳﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ‪ ‬؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻋﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ‪ ،(٢٦٨٨) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺏ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻹﻓﻚ ﻭﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺗﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺫﻑ‪.(٢٧٧٠) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺣﱴ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺩﻋﻮ‪‬ﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﳝﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﺘﻖ ﺷﺮﻛﹰﺎ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﻋﺒﺪ‪ ،(١٦٦٨) ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺼﲔ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺗﻜﺮﺭﺕ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻏﲑ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺻﺮﺡ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻧﺜﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﱂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻏﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻮﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﲟﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻮﻫﻢ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٢٩٩‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٥٤/٧‬ﻭ‪.(١١٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻀﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٥٤/٧‬ﻭ‪.(١١٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀﻭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺎﺅﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٨٧٦‬‬

‫‪ -٢٨٩٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﻔﺮﻗﻮﺍ)‪ ..(٣‬ﱂ ﻳﻌﻂ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫‪ -٢٨٩٥‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٥‬ﻋﻔﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﳌﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺆﺗﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻌﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪﹸﺃ)‪ (٦‬ﺑﺎ َﻷ ‪‬ﻭ ﹺﻝ‬
‫ﻓﺎ َﻷ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳﻌ ﹶﻄﻰ )ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ (٧‬ﻭﻗﺒﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٩٦‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﻭﺍ ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ)‪ (٨‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻝ‪ ..‬ﹸﺃ ﹾﻗ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻬﻢ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺗ ﹸﻞ ﻷﺣ ‪‬ﺪﻫﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﹸﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ ﻗﻮﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻟﻜ ﱢﻞ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻳ ﹲﺔ ﺗﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹲﺔ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﹸﻛ ﱠﻞ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٩٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (١٠‬ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﺸﺮ ﹲﺓ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻫﺬﺍ؛ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -٢٨٩٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺇﺻﺒ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹴﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ)‪ (١٢‬ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻒ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ)‪ (١٣‬ﰒ ﻃﻠﺒﺎ)‪ (١٤‬ﲨﻴ ‪‬ﻌﺎ‪..‬‬
‫)‪(١٥‬‬
‫]ﻟﻚ[ ﺍﻟﻜﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺬﻧﺎ ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺘﺺ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻹﺻﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻒ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺌﺖ‪ ..‬ﻗﻄﻌﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺵ ﺍﻹﺻﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺌﺖ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﻄﻴﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﺭﺵ ﺍﻟﻜﻒ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻷﻭﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻘﺘﻮﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٥٥/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٥/٧‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺟﺎﺀﻭﺍ ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﲔ‪ ..‬ﺃﺣﺒﺒﺖ ﻟﻺﻣﺎﻡ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﺎﺀﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻌﺚ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺩ‪ ..‬ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﲟﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺺ ﻣﻨﻪ ﰲ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻭﺳﻂ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ ..‬ﻛﺮﻫﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻟﻜﻠﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺩ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪﺭﻭﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٥٥/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٨/٧‬ﻭ‪ ٣٢‬ﻭ‪.(٥٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻃﻠﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﻄﻌﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٥٦/٧‬‬
 ‫‪٨٧٧‬‬

‫‪ -٢٨٩٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺭﺟﻼﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺛﻼﺛ ﹲﺔ ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﺭﺟﻞﹴ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺿﺮﺑﺎﻩ)‪ (١‬ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ..‬ﻗﻴ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ (٢‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺰ)‪ (٥‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺰ)‪ (٣‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭ] ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺰ[)‪ (٤‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺣﱴ ﻗﻄﻌﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ]ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ[ ﺇﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺪﻳﺔ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٠٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٧‬ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ)‪ (٨‬ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟ ‪‬ﻐﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻠﻎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺩﻳﺎﺕ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺍﳋﻨﺜﻰ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻸﻭﻟﻴﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﳋﻨﺜﻰ ﺃﹶﻥ ﻳﻘﺘﻠﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺪﻳ ﹸﺔ‬ ‫‪ -٢٩٠١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺓ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻌﺪﻡ)‪ ..(١٢‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪ -٢٩٠٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺘ ﹶﻞ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻠﻜﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫‪ -٢٩٠٣‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺑﲔ ﺭﺟﻠﲔ ﻓ ﹸﻘ‪‬ﺘﻞﹶ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻋﺘﻘﺎﻩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻖ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻴﺖ)‪.(١٦‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺿﺮﺑﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻓﺘﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺟﺰﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺟﺰﻭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺛﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﲢﺘﻤﻞ‪" :‬ﻭﺣﺰ" ﻭ"ﻭﳛﺰ"‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﳛﺰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٥٧/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٦٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺃﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻨﺜﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻞ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٦٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٦٥-٦٤/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٦٥/٧‬‬
‫‪ ٨٧٨‬‬

‫‪ -٢٩٠٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﲎ ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻪ ﺧﻄﹰﺄ‪ ..(١)/‬ﻓﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﳊ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻐ ﹰﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﺃﺿﻌﺎﹰﻓﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﺘﻖ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٠٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻠﺔ‪ (٤)/‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪] -٢٩٠٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﰲ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ﺭﺟﻞ؛ ﻓﻘﻄﻊ ﺃﺣﺪﻫﻢ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﺟﻠﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻘﺄ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ]ﻋﻴﻨﻪ[‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﺿﺤﻪ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻮﺭﺛﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺘﻠﻮﻫﻢ)‪ (٧‬ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺻﻐﺎﺭ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻛﺒﺎﺭﻩ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٠٧‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﳉﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﻐ ‪‬ﲑ ﻟﻮ ﺍﻧﻔﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪.‬‬
‫ﺲ‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ)‪ (١١‬ﺧﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲﹺ؛ َﻷ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻔ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٩٠٨‬ﻭﻻ)‪ (٩‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ﱠﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺺ ﻟﻨﻔ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤﱢﺜ ﹶﻞ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪﻯ)‪.(١٣) (١٢‬‬
‫ﺡ ﻳﺆﺧ ﹸﺬ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﺔﹲ؛ ﻓﻴ‪‬ﺨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺇﹺﺗﻼﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺎﺀ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٠٩‬ﻭﳜﺘﺎﺭ)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻟﻮ ﱡ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٣٠٠‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺯﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٦٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/١٤١‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٦٧/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻓﻘﺄﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺘﻠﻮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٦٠-٥٩/٧‬ﻭ‪ ٧٠‬ﻭ‪.(٧٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺪﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٥١-١٥٠/٧‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻭﱄ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳜﺘﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﺨﺘﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٨٧٩‬‬

‫ﻼ ﻗﺪ ﻧﺎﻝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺐ)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻪ‪) ..‬ﻓﻼ‬ ‫‪ -٢٩١٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻣﺮﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪-‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺛﻴ‪‬ﺒﺎ‪ (٣-‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻮﻝ ﻧﺎﻝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺣﻠﻔﻮﺍ‪ ..‬ﹸﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻧﻜﻠﻮﺍ‪..‬‬
‫ﺣﻠﻒ ﻭﺑﺮﺉ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ )ﻟﻠﺮﺟ ﹺﻞ(‪ (٦‬ﺣﱴ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﺑﺄﻱ ﺣﺒﺲ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ‬
‫‪ -٢٩١١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ ) (٥‬ﺣﹺﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﺑﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﳊﺒﺲ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩١٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﹶﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺘ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹶﻞ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﹶﺭﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﻣﺎﹶﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺣﺮﳝﻪ)‪ (٩)/ ،(٨‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺻﺤﺮﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺚ‬
‫ﺙ ]ﻓﻴﻪ[‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻐﻴﺚ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐ ﹾ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ..‬ﻓﺴﻮﺍﺀ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻳﻐﺎ ﹸ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻻ ﻏﻮﺙ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺄ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺇﱃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ﹴﺯ ﺇﻥ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪،(١١‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩١٣‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳﻨﺎ ﹸﻝ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻳﺮﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﺇﺭﺍﺩ ﹰﺓ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨﺔﹰ‪) ،‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﻗﻠﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻪ‪ (١٢‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻳﺮﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻧﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ؛‬
‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩١٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻓﻌﻪ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺳﻼﺡ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳛﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻓﻌﻪ ﺑﻮﺛﺎﻕ‪/‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ)‪ (١‬ﻳﻨﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺴﻼﺡ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻓﻌﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺴﻼﺡ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﻕ‪) ..‬ﺩﻓﻌﻪ ﺑﺴﻼﺡ‪،(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٥١/٧‬ﺃﻥ ﻭﱄ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﺘﺺ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳚﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺛﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٧٦-٧٥/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‪.‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻟﻠﺮﺟ ﹺﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺣﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﺣﺒ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٧٧-٧٦/٧‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٤٤‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻐﺎﺙ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٣٣/٦) (٨٣/٧‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪ ..." :‬ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﻠﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻓﻴﻘﺪﺭ ﺍ ﹸﳌﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻬﺮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﻣﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺪ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻬﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺗﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻼﺡ‬
‫ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺗﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﺪﻓﻮﻉ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﻴﻘﻦ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٣٠١‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٨٨٠‬‬

‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ‬ ‫‪ -٢٩١٥‬ﻭﻻ)‪ (٤‬ﻳﻘﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ﻗﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ﻧﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﲟﺎ ﳝﻨﻌﻪ‬
‫ﺴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻳﺼﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﹶﺧ ‪‬ﺬ ﻣﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻧﻔ ِ‬
‫‪ -٢٩١٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺗﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪/١٤١)/‬ﺏ(‪،‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩١٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻪ)‪ (٧‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨﺎﻑ ﺇﻥ ﺟﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻣ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩١٨‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ : ‬ﻣﻦ ﹸﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﻣﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ‪‬ﺷﻬﹺﻴ ‪‬ﺪ‪،(٩)#‬‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ : ‬ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﱠﻃﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮ ﹴﻡ ﻓﻔﻘﺆﻭﺍ)‪ (١٠‬ﻋﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ‪(١١)#‬؛ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﻫﺪﺭ‬
‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﻪ ﺣﲔ‬ ‫ﻚ‪ ..‬ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺑﺎ ﱢﻃﻼ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ ..(١٣‬ﻓﺎﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻭﻧﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻃﻠﻊ‪] ..‬ﰒ ﻃﻠﺒﻪ[ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ)‪.(١٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﱂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻼﺡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺩﻓﻌﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﱂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻌﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺑﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٧٩-٧٨/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ‪ ‬؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ )‪ (٢٤٨٠‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻈﺎﱂ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،(٢٤٨٠) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻏﲑﻩ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺣﻖ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺻﺪ ﻣﻬﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺣﻘﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺷﻬﻴﺪ‪.(١٤١) ،‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻔﻘﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ‪ ‬ﺑﻐﲑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ؛ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻃﻠﻊ‬
‫ﰲ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻓﻔﻘﺆﻭﺍ ﻋﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﻼ ﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻪ )‪ (٦٩٠٢‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﲢﺮﱘ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻏﲑﻩ )‪.(٢١٥٨‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻫﺪﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻃﻼﻗﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻃﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻔﻘﺄ ﻋﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٨٢-٨١/٧‬‬ ‫)‪(١٥‬‬
 ‫‪٨٨١‬‬

‫ﺏ‪ ..‬ﹸﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﺑﻪ)‪.(١‬‬

‫‪] -٢٩١٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻻﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻷ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ﻗﺎﺗ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ؛ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻄﺄ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٢٠‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮ ﹸ‬

‫‪] -٢٩٢١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ )ﺟﻞ ﺛﻨﺎﺅﻩ‪


G
F
E
D
C




B
A  :(٣‬‬

‫‪]  H‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ[‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ] ‪  `

_


^
]
\
[





Z
Y  :[ ‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‬

‫]ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،[٩٢ :‬ﻰ)‪ (٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻋﺪﻭ ﻟﻜﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٢٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٦‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﺒﻼﺩ)‪ (٧‬ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﻓﺄﻏﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺭﻣﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺻﺎﺑﻮﺍ ﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬؛ ]ﲢﺮﻳﺮ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ[‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺩﻳﺔ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻠﻄﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺘﻞ ﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﳑﻦ ﻳﻘﺎ‪‬ﺗ ﹸﻞ ﻣﻌ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫‪ -٢٩٢٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﺗﻠﻮﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﻞ ﺍﳊﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺃﻫ ﹶﻞ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻠﺔ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٢٤‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠ ﹸﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻥ؛ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘﹸﻠﻮ ‪‬ﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﻤﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪] -٢٩٢٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺻﻄ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘ‪‬ﺘﹶﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﱂ ﹸﺃ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ!‪) ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺒ ﹾﻞ‪ (١٠‬ﻗﻮﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ‪ (١١)/‬ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‬
‫ﲔ ﳑﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺩ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٨٧/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٨-٢٧/٧‬ﻭ‪.(٨٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.  :‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﳏﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻟـ"‪‬ﻲ" ﻭ"ﻓﻬﻲ"‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰲ ﺑﻼﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٨٤/٧‬ﻭ‪.(٩٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٩٢/٧‬ﻭ‪.(١٠٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﺮﺩﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٣٠٢‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٨٨٢‬‬

‫‪ -٢٩٢٦‬ﻭﻛﻞ)‪ (٢‬ﻣﺎ ﻧﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺃﻫ ﹸﻞ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ؛ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘ ﹺﻞ ﻣﺴﻠ ﹴﻢ)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻫ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ (٤‬ﻭﺃﹶﺧ ‪‬ﺬ ﺃﹶﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ‬
‫ﻭ)‪ (٥‬ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻫﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻗﻮﺩ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٢٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺳﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﻭﺃﺻﺎﺑﻮﺍ)‪ (٧‬ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﳍﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﺬ ‪‬ﻩ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٢٨‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ)‪ (٩‬ﺃﹶﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﻓﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﻭﻏﻨﻴﻤﺔ‪] .‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﻧﺎﻗﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ[‪.‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻮﹾﻟﻬ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﹶﻟﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٢٩‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ)‪ (١٢‬ﰒ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ‪ (١١‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫‪) -٢٩٣٠‬ﻭﻟﻮ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‪.(١٤)(١٣)/‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٠٥/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻜﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٩٤/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺄﺻﺎﺑﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٩٥/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺬﺭ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻭﻓﺎﺀ ﻟﻨﺬﺭ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﷲ‪ (١٦٤١) ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺼﲔ ‪، ‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ ﺃﺳﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﺻﺎﺑﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺒﺎﺀ ﻧﺎﻗﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ، ‬ﰒ ﺗﻔﻠﺘﺖ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺛﺎﻗﻬﺎ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻛﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺒﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻄﻠﻘﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺬﺭﺕ ﺇﻥ ﳒﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﻨﺤﺮ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺌﺴﻤﺎ ﺟﺰ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺬﺭﺕ ﷲ ﺇﻥ ﳒﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﻨﺤﺮ‪‬ﺎ! ﻻ‬
‫ﻭﻓﺎﺀ ﻟﻨﺬﺭ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻻ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪.#‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﱂ ﳜﻮﻝ ﺭﺟﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺒﻌﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/١٤٢‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٩٥/٧‬‬
 ‫‪٨٨٣‬‬

‫‪ -٢٩٣١‬ﻭﻟﻮ)‪ (١‬ﺍﺭﺗ ‪‬ﺪ ﻗﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻭﺃﹶﻇﻬﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻻﻣﺘﻨﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺎﺭﺑﻮﺍ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﳛﺎﺭﺑﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺼﺒﻮﺍ ﺇﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﻭ ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﻨﺼﺒﻮﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﺴﻮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﺪﺃ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺑﻘﺘﺎﳍﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ؛ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻮﺍ )ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ (٤‬ﻣﻦ ﺩﻡ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺟﺮﺡ)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎﻝ‪ ..‬ﺍﺗﺒﻌﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ)‪ (٦‬ﺣﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ)‪(٨)(٧‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﳑﻦ ﻭﺟﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗ‪‬ﺴﻘﻂ)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٣٢‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺆﻛﻞ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺼﲑ ﻓﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﺣﱴ ﳝﻮﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﺗﻪ‪‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪ ﻟﻪ ﺣﱴ ﳝﻮﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺩﺗﻪ ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﹰﺌﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳛﻞ ﻷﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﺎﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻲ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﻭﻓ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑ‪‬ﺰﺍﺧﺔ‪ ..‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺪﻭ ﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﺺ‬
‫‪ -٢٩٣٣‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ]ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ[ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺘﻼﻧﺎ)‪ ،(١٣)#(١٢‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻭﺍ‪ (١)/‬ﻗﺘﻼﻧﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﻗﺒﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺣﺮﻣﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ "ﺟﺮﺣﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٩٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٩١/٤) (٧١٥/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٢٦٠‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺾ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﺘﺎﻟﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﰲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﻼﻑ‪ (٧٢٢١) ،‬ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺼﺮﻩ ﺟﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺳﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﺑﻄﻮﳍﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﱪﻗﺎﱐ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺮﺟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻤﻴﺪﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ )‪ (٩٦/١‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﰲ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻱ )‪ (٢١٠/١٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﻤﻴﺪﻱ‪:‬‬
‫"ﺑﺎﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺮﻩ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻧﺎﻩ" ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﳊ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻘ ﹶﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻐﻨﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺻﺒﻨﺎ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﺩﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺻﺒﺘﻢ ﻣﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺪﻭﻥ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻗﺘﻼﻧﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻧ‪‬ﻨ ﹺﺰ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺘﻼﻛﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‪ #‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﺕ‪@ :‬ﺗﺪﻭﻥ ﻗﺘﻼﻧﺎ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺘﻼﻛﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ!‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺕ‪ ،#‬ﻓﺘﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺘﻼﻧﺎ ﻗﺎﺗﻠﺖ ﻓ ﹸﻘ‪‬ﺘﹶﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺟﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﳍﺎ ﺩﻳﺎ ‪‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪ ٨٨٤‬‬

‫‪ -٢٩٣٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﻌﻤﺮ ]ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻗﺪ[ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻻ ﻧﺄﺧﺬ)‪ (٢‬ﻟﻘﺘﻼﻧﺎ ﺩﻳ ﹰﺔ‪.(٣)#‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺍﺏﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭ)‪ (٥‬ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻥ ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‬
‫‪ -٢٩٣٥‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ)‪ (٤‬ﳚﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻲ ُﺀ ﻟﻠﺮ ‪‬ﺟﻞ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻪ ﻃﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻣﺎ ﺛﺒﺖ)‪ (٨‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﹺﺑﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻌ ﱠﻞ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫ﻂ)‪ (٧‬ﺣ ﱠﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬‫ﻃﻠﺐ ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻴﻨ ﹰﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﻠﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶ‬
‫‪ -٢٩٣٦‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻘﺘﺺ)‪ (١٠‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻮﺍ ﺑﺸﻲ ٍﺀ ﺇﻻ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﺬ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻬﻢ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٣٧‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﺍﺣﺘﺞ )ﺑﺘﺮﻙ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ (١٢‬ﺇﻳﺎﻫﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ (٢٦٤-٢٦٣/١٢‬ﻭﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ )‪ (٣٣٣/٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﻂ )‪:٢٧٠/٢‬‬
‫‪ (١٩٥٣‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ ١٨٣/٨‬ﻭ‪.(٣٣٥‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٤٤‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺎﺣﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﱪﻗﺎﱐ‪$ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺘﻼﻧﺎ‪ ...‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﳍﺎ ﺩﻳﺎﺕ‪ #‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ‪$ :‬ﻻ ﺩﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﳍﻢ‪ #‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ‪$ :‬ﻻ ﺩﻳﺔ ﳍﻢ‪ #‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ‪$‬ﻻ ﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﳍﻢ‪.#‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺮﻭﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺠﻴﻌﲔ؛ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻭﻕ ‪. ‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻄﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٩٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺺ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪" :(٢٧٢-٢٧١/١٦‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﺗﻠﻒ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻭﻣﺎﻝ‬
‫ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺗﻼﻓﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﺻﺤﻬﻤﺎ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻻ ﻳﻀﻤﻨﻮﻥ‪ ...‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﻳﻀﻤﻨﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﳌﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﺗﻠﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺎﺑﻮﺍ‪$ :‬ﺗﺪﻭﻥ ﻗﺘﻼﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻧﺪﻱ ﻗﺘﻼﻛﻢ‪...#‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﻭﺭﺩﻱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻳﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺻﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪﻧﻴﺠﻲ ﺃ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺻﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻠﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻷﻭﻝ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪ ‬ﳌﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‪ ..‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪$ ‬ﻻ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻟﻘﺘﻼﻧﺎ ﺩﻳﺔ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻮﺍ ﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺟﻮﺭﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‪ #‬ﻓﺴﻜﺖ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‬
‫ﺳﻜﻮﺕ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ"‪ .‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﺩﺭﻱ ﺃﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿ ‪‬ﻊ ﺃﻡ ﻻ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﰲ ﺃﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻐﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪.(١٠٦/١٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻘﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٨٨٥‬‬

‫ﺏ ﻓﺄﻏﺎ ‪‬ﺭ)‪ (١‬ﻗﻮ ‪‬ﻡ‪ (٢)/‬ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻮﻩ ﰲ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ‪..‬‬

‫‪] -٢٩٣٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺳﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﻛﺎﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﺒﻼ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﳊﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺇﻻ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٣٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ )ﻣﺮﻳ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻟﻪ‪ (٤‬ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳ ﹸﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﹸﺓ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٤٠‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﹸﺓ ﺇﹺﺫﺍ)‪ (٦‬ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﲨﻠ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﹶﺄﻣ‪‬ﺎ)‪ (٧‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﹶﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻪ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٤١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ)‪.(٩‬‬

‫‪fV9z‬א ‪ xd‬‬

‫ﺻ ﹾﻔﻨﺎ ﹶﺃﺳﻨﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﺷﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫‪ -٢٩٤٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﺻ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺋ ﹲﺔ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺑ ﹺﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺄ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﺱ)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻹﺑ ﹸﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٤٣‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٢٩٤٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ]ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ[‪$ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ ﻭ]ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻞ[ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻕ‪.(١٣)(١٢)#‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻏﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٣٠٣‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٩٧/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٩٧/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٩٧/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٩٧/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٨١/٧‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻓﻘﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﻴﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺳﻨﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺳﺒﻖ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻟﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٨٨٦‬‬

‫‪ -٢٩٤٥‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﺒﺬﻟﻚ)‪ (١‬ﻧﻘﻮﻝ؛ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻋﻮﺯﺕ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻹﺑﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻐ ﹰﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ)‪ (٣‬ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٤٦‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ]ﰲ[ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ)‪(٥‬؛ ﻻ ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﱵ)‪ (٦‬ﻭﺻﻔﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫]ﺑﻪ[ ﰲ‬ ‫ﲬﺲ ﺑﻌﲑ‪ ..‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻙ‬ ‫‪ -٢٩٤٧‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﻗﻊ )ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪/١٤٢)/(٧‬ﺏ( ﺳﺪﺱ ﺑﻌﲑ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺑﻌﲑ ﲝﺼﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪] -٢٩٤٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﻣﺆﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺑﻜﺎﻓ ﹴﺮ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫)‪(١٤‬؛ ﺍﺗﺒﺎ ‪‬ﻋﺎ )ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮﺍﱐ‪ :‬ﺛﻠﺚ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪(١٢‬‬
‫‪) -٢٩٤٩‬ﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ‪.(١٦) (١٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻭﻋﺮﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٨١/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳉﺮﺡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﺮﻙ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٨٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٩٨/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٧١٠/٥‬ﻭ)‪.(٢٥٩/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ : ‬ﻓﺮﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٨٩/٤) (٧١٠/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪-٩٢/١٠‬‬
‫‪ (٩٤‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ (٢٨٨/٩‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ (١٠٠/٨‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ (١٤٣/١٢‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ )‪ (٧٦/٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻞ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻪ ﳌﺴﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪" :‬ﰲ ﲰﺎﻉ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﻣﻨﻪ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻳﺮﺧﺺ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﻧﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻔﻘﻪ‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٨٨٧‬‬

‫‪ -٢٩٥٠‬ﻭ]ﺩﻳﺔ[ ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺳﻲ‪ :‬ﲦﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ)‪.(١‬‬

‫‪ -٢٩٥١‬ﻭﻛﻞ)‪ (٢‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺩﻳﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺳﻲ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٥٢‬ﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪ :‬ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺮﺍﺣﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ؛ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺚ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺻﺤﻴ ﹴﺢ ﻻ ﻣﻄﻌﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ"‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ‪‬ﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳﺐ )‪" :(٤٥/٢‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﻗﻊ ﱄ ﺣﺪﻳ ﹲ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﺴﻤﺎﻋﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ )ﰒ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ(‪" :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻏﲑ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ (١٨٤٩٥ :٩٧/١٠‬ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ﹺﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﻌ‪ ‬ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻏﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻀﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺑﺎﺛﲏ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺮ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ‪ : ‬ﻓﺮﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٨٩/٤) (٧١٠/٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﻞ ﰲ‬
‫ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻪ ﳌﺴﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ )‪" :(٣١٣/٣‬ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪.(٢٩٠/٩‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ (٩٦/١٠‬ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺎﱂ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﺴﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻆ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳ ﹶﺔ ﻣﺜ ﹶﻞ ﺩﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﺔ ﻋﻤﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓ ‪‬ﺮﻓﻊ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﺘﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﱠﻠ ﹶ‬
‫ﻗﺘﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺣﺰﻡ ﰲ ﺍﶈﻠﻰ )‪" :(٣٤٩/١٠‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪﻩ ‪ ‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺣﺪﻳ ﹲ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻦ‪ #‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (٦٦٩٢ :٢٨٨/١١‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ )‪(٤٥٨٣‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )‪ (٤٨٠٦‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )‪ (٢٦٤٤‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ )‪ (١٠٧٣‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ )‪ (١٤١٣‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺧﺰﳝﺔ )‪ ،(٢٢٨٠ :٢٦/٤‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﻌ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪ ،(٦٢٧/٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﻄﱠﺎﰊ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﱂ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ‪" :(٣٧/٤) :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺩﻳﺔ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﹶﺃﺑﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ" ﰒ ﺳﺎﻕ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻗﻮﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﺃﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺑﺈﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﺪ ﻋﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﳋﱪ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺭﻭﻳﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﻴﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻜﺎﻓﺮ ﻭﺩﻳﺘﻪ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،#‬ﻗﺎﻝ )ﺍﶈﺎﻭﺭ ﻟﻪ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﱂ ﺗﺎﺧﺬ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻧﺖ؟‬
‫ﺖ ﺣﺪﻳﹸﺜ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻷﺧﺬﻧﺎ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺣﺠﺔ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ )ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ(‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳑﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺜ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫‪$‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ‪ #‬ﻣﻦ ‪$‬ﺍﻷﻡ‪ ٣٤٢/٨) (١٤١/٩) #‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٧١٠/٥‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ )‪ ١٠٥/٦) (٢٦٠-٢٥٩/٧‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪" :‬ﻗﻀﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺩﻳﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺳﻲ ﺑﺜﻤﺎﳕﺎﺋﺔ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻫﻢ؛ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺛﻠﺜﺎ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﺛﲏ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ‪) ...‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ( ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ‬
‫ﳎﻮﺳﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺛﻨﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻣﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺛﻠﺜﺎ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ؛ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺳﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﺋﺾ ﻭﺛﻠﺜﺎ ﻓﺮﻳﻀﺔ" ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻀﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺑﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻜﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٧١٠/٥‬‬
‫‪ ٨٨٨‬‬

‫‪] -٢٩٥٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳋﻨﺜﻰ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺷﻜﻞ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٦٣/٧‬‬
 ‫‪٨٨٩‬‬

‫‪6 P‬د‪d‬א(?‪ h‬‬

‫ﲔ)‪(١‬؛ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﻨﲔ)‪ (٢‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﻣﺴﻠ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ‪-‬ﺑﺈﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺔ)‪ (٣‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪ -٢٩٥٤‬ﻭﺩﻳ ﹸﺔ ﺍﳉﻨ ﹺ‬
‫ﺴﻬﺎ؛ َﻷ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ)‪.(٥‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﺍ َﻷ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ]ﺇﺫﺍ[ ﹶﻏﺮ‪‬ﺕ)‪ (٤‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔ ِ‬
‫ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺃﻭ ﺯﻧﺎ‪ ..-‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﹸﻏ ‪‬ﺮ ﹲﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻂ ﺟﻨﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ)‪ :(٦‬ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ)‪ (٧‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠ ﹺﻖ ﺑﲏ ﺁﺩﻡ؛ ﺃﺻﺒ ‪‬ﻊ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻇﻔ ‪‬ﺮ‪،‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٥٥‬ﻭﹶﺃﹶﻗ ﱡﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻘ ﹸ‬
‫ﻕ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﳌﻀﻐ ﹶﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻘ ﹶﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٩‬ﱂ ﻳﺴ‪‬ﺘﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻦ)‪ ..(١٠‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻘﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪.(١٢)(١١)/‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﻳﻔﺎﺭ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﺮﺓﹸ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻗﻀﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﲔ ﺫﻛ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺃﹸﻧﺜﻰ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫‪ -٢٩٥٦‬ﻭﺳﻮﺍ ٌﺀ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﳉﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﺄﻝ‪) :‬ﹶﺃ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ‪) (١٤‬ﺃﻡ ﺃﻧﺜﻰ‪.(١٦) (١٥‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻲ)‪ (٢‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺮ ‪‬ﺣﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ -٢٩٥٧‬ﻭﻻ)‪ (١٧‬ﺷﻲﺀ ﻟﻸﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺧﺮﺝ)‪ (١‬ﺍﳉﻨﲔ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﹸﻗ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺟﺮ ‪‬ﺣﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺭﺵ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﺭﺵ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺳﻮﻯ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﳍﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺭﺛﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻨﲔ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻨﺜﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻨﺜﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲝﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺣﺮﻳﺮ‪.،‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻏﺮﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٦٥-٢٦٤/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺟﻨﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺒﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻔﺎﺭﻕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﺘﺒﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٣٠٤‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٦٥/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺫﻛﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻧﺜﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٦٥/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻼ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٨٩٠‬‬

‫ﲔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ (٧‬ﺃﻭ‬‫‪] -٢٩٥٨‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻟﻘﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃ ﹸﺓ ﺟﻨﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻓﺄﺷﻜﻞ؛ ﻭﻻ)‪ (٦‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭﻯ )ﹶﺃﺟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫)ﺟﻨﻴﻨﺎﻥ()‪ ..(٨‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٩‬ﺭ‪‬ﺋ ‪‬ﻲ)‪ (١٠‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺟﻨﻴﻨﲔ)‪ ..(١١‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺟﻨﲔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺮﻛ ‪‬ﺔ؛ ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼ ﹴﻝ ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻔ ﹴ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺮﺿﺎ ﹴ‬ ‫ﻑ‬
‫‪ -٢٩٥٩‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺟﻨﲔ ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻲ)‪.(١٤‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﻻ ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﹶﺃ ﹸﺓ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ‪]@ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ[ﻣﻴﺖ!‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ)‪.(١٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٦٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٦١‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ﲜﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﻞ ﺧﻄﺄ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻧﻜﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻠﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ)‪.(١٦‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٦٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻗﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻜﺮﺕ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﺮ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺭﺏ ﺑﺎﳊﻴﺎﺓ‪ ..‬ﻏﺮﻣﺖ)‪] (١‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻠﺔ[‬
‫ﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺭﺏ‪ /‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ‪ (٢)/‬ﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﲔ ﺣ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﻭﻣﻴ‪‬ﺘﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺧﺮﺟﺖ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺟﺮﺡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﻀﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٦٦-٢٦٥/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺟﻨﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﺟﻨﻴﻨﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﺭﺍﻯ"‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺭﺍﻱ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻠﻬﺎ "ﺭﺋﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺥ ﻳﺘﺴﺎﻫﻠﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻌﻠﻪ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻱ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺐ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺎﻕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺘﺒﻬﺎ‪" :‬ﺭ‪‬ﺇ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺟﻨﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١١٠/٦) (٢٧٢-٢٧١/٧‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮﺝ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ‪‬ﺓ ﺭﺃﺳﺎ ﺟﻨﻴﻨﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻳﺪ‬
‫ﲔ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ؛ ﻷﱐ ﻻ ﺃﺩﺭﻱ ﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﳚﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺳﲔ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳉﻨﻴﻨﲔ ﻭﱂ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻏ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳ ﹰﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻨ ﹴ‬
‫ﺧﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻧﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺠﻨﲔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٦٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٦٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٧٠/٧‬‬
 ‫‪٨٩١‬‬

‫)‪(٧‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬

‫ﻣﻴ‪‬ﺘﺎ‪..‬‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﺧﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺣ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﺧﺮﺝ‬ ‫‪ -٢٩٦٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﺘﻬﺎ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﻱ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺷﺎﺅﻭﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﳍﻢ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﺩﻭﺍ‬ ‫‪ -٢٩٦٤‬ﻭﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗﻠﺔ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﺩﻭﺍ)‪] (٩‬ﺍﻟﺪﻳ ﹶﺔ[ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ‬
‫)‪(١٥‬‬
‫ﺼ‪‬ﻴﺎ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ؛ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺯﺍﺩ ﲦﻨﻪ)‪ ،(١٤‬ﻭﳍﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺩﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻣﻨﻪ )ﻟﻮ ﺑﻴﻊ‪ ،(١٣‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬‬
‫ﳑﺎ)‪ (١٢‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺫﻛ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﺃﻭ)‪ (١٦‬ﺃﻧﺜﻰ)‪.(١٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٦٥‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸﺓ‪ :‬ﻣﺴﺘﻐﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ)‪(١٨‬؛ ﺍﺑﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﺃﻭ ﲦﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ)‪ (١٩‬ﺳ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ)‪.(٢٠‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٦٦‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﳍﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺩﻭﺍ)‪ (٢١‬ﻫﺮﻣﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻏﺮﻣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٤٥‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٦٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺣﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺟﺮﺡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺧﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺟﺮﺡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(٢٦٦/٧‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺷﻬﺪﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ" ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٧٨/٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺮﺩﻭﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻐﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺮﺩﻭﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺮﺩﻭﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٧‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٦٨/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢٠‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٦٩/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢١‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺮﺩﻭﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٨٩٢‬‬

‫‪ -٢٩٦٧‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﺃﻭ ﲦﺎﻥ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻡ)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻭﻟﺪﻫﺎ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٦٨‬ﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﻧﺼﻒ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﻫﻲ)‪ (٦‬ﲬﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٦٩‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪ (٨)/‬ﺿﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺑﻄ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺓ ﻓﺄﹶﻟﻘﺖ ﺟﻨﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻷَﻗ ﱠﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺕ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺩﻳ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ﻛﺎﻣﻠ ﹲﺔ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫ﺶ ﻣﺜﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﹶﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﰒ ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺳﺘ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﹶﺷﻬ ﹴﺮ ﺣ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻋﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ﺭﻗﺒ ‪‬ﺔ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﳉﻨ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٢٩٧٠‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﺎﺭ ﹺ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﺩﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٧١‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (١١‬ﺟﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻣﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻓﺄﻟﻘﺖ ﺟﻨﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١٦‬‬
‫ﺃﺑﻮﻳﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﺑﻮﻳﻪ ﻭﺛﻨ‪‬ﻴﺎ)‪ ،(١٤‬ﻭﺍﻵﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑ‪‬ﻴﺎ)‪ ..(١٥‬ﻓﺄﺟﻌ ﹸﻞ ﺟﻨﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﳋﲑ‬ ‫)‪(١٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٧٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺸ ﹺﺮ ﺩﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﹶﺑﻴ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(١٧‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﺩﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﹶﻭ ﹺﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻬ ﱠﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﳕﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺩﻳﺘﻪ)‪(١‬؛ ﺫﻛ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻧﺜﻰ؛‬ ‫‪ -٢٩٧٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻟﻘﺖ ﺍﳉﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﰒ ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻴ‪‬ﺘﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺒﺎﻝ)‪ (٢‬ﺫﻛ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻧﺜﻰ‪ ،‬ﺇﳕﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﻏﺮﺓ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٦٩/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﲬﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ" ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٦٩/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٦٩/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٣٠٥‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٧٠/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٧٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٧٢/٧‬ﺃﻱ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺫﻣﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﺣﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺛﲏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺎﰊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻷﻛﺜﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٧‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٧٢/٧‬‬
 ‫‪٨٩٣‬‬

‫ﺏ ﺫﻣﻴ ﹰﺔ ﺃﻭ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ﹰﺔ ﻓﻠﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻖ)‪ (٥‬ﺍﳉﻨ ‪‬‬

‫ﲔ ﺣﱴ ﻋﺘﻘﺖ ]ﻫﺬﻩ[ ﻭﺃﺳﻠﻤﺖ‬ ‫‪] -٢٩٧٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺿﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﺠﻨﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ)‪ (٦‬ﺟﻨﲔ ﺍﳊﺮﺓ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٧٥‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺿﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻠﻢ)‪ (٨‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﳉﻨﲔ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻮﻣﲔ؛ ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ)‪ (٩‬ﻫﻲ ﻭﺍﳉﺎﱐ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍ َﻷﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﻗﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﻣﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨ ﹸﺔ ﹶﺃﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﱂ ﺗﺰﻝ ‪‬ﺗ ﹺ‬
‫‪ -٢٩٧٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺿﺮ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﱂ ﲡﺪ)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷﱂ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﻟﻘﺖ ﺟﻨﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﺗﻀﻤﻨﻪ)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻠﺔﹸ؛‬
‫ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺗ‪‬ﻠﻘﻴ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (١٣‬ﺑﻼ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺟﺎﻧ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﹶﺃﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ﺟﻨﺎ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺗ‪‬ﻠﻘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ)‪(١٤‬؛‬
‫ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﻗﺎﻣﺖ)‪ (١٥‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻳﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ)‪.(١٦‬‬
‫)‪(١٨‬‬
‫ﻆ)‪ (١٧‬ﺍﻟﺪﻳ ﹸﺔ ﰲ ﺃﹶﺳﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻹِﺑﻞﹺ؛ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺷﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺘ ﹺﻞ‬ ‫‪] -٢٩٧٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻐﱠﻠ ﹸ‬
‫ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺣﻢﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ)‪ (١٩‬ﺍﻟﺸﻬ ﹺﺮ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ]ﺍﳊﺮﺍ ﹺﻡ[)‪.(١‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺒﺎﱃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲟﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٦٥/٧‬ﻭ‪.(٢٦٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻠﻘﻰ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻠﻘﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺠﻨﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٧٤/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﱂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٧٠/٧‬ﻭ‪.(٢٧٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳚﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻀﻤﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻠﻘﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻠﻘﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻣﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٧٤/٧‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻐﻠﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﻘﻮﻃﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﰲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٨٩٤‬‬

‫‪ -٢٩٧٨‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠ ﹸﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪ :(٢‬ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﷲ‪/١٤٣)/‬ﺏ( ‪ ‬ﹶﻏﱠﻠﻈﹶﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺷﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ‪،‬‬

‫ﻆ ﻭﻛﺜ ‪‬ﲑ ‪‬ﻩ)‪ (٣‬ﺳﻮﺍ ٌﺀ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻠﻴ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٧٩‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮﻡ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٨٠‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﻳﻔﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻞ؛ ﳊﺮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻔﺪﻳﻪ ﺍﳊﻼﻝ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮﻡ؛ ﳊﺮﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﺘﺎﻥ )ﺣﺮﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻡ ﻭﺣﺮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪ ..(٦‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺟﺰﺍﺀ)‪ (٧‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪.(٨)/‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٨١‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺇﺑﻞ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﻣﻌﻴ‪‬ﺒﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻣﻨﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪ ..‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ﻣﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺔ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٨٢‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌ ‪‬ﻘ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﲑ‪‬؛ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻓﻘ ‪‬ﲑﺍ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻳ‪‬ﺆﺧ ﹸﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ)‪.(١٠‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٧٧/٧‬ﻭ‪.(٢٧٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺜﲑ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺜﲑﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٧٨/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٦١/٧‬ﻭﺃﲪﺪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ )ﺹ‪ (٤٢٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻗﻮﻝ ﺃﻧﺎ؛‬
‫‪‬ﻳﺰﺍﺩ ﰲ ﺩﻳﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪ (٣٢٦/٩‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ (٢٩٨/٩‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ )‪ (٩٥/٨‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺮﻯ )‪ (٧٨/٧‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ (٩٧/١٢‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ ﰲ ﺍﶈﻠﻰ )‪ .(٣٩٦/١٠‬ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﻭﻃﺄ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﹰﺓ ﲟﻜﺔ ﻓﻘﻀﻰ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﳒﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺑﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ؛ ﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺛﻠﺚ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺭﻭﺍﺀ )‪.(٣١٠/٧‬‬
‫ﺤ ﱢﻘ ‪‬ﻖ @ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ! ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ ٢٣ :‬ﺃﻟﻔﹰﺎ!‪ ،‬ﻭﹸﺛﹸﻠﺜﹸﻬﺎ‪ ٨ :‬ﺁﻻﻑ! ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﳊﺮﻣﺔ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﷲ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺑﻞ ﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﳎﻤﻮﻉ ﺫﻟﻚ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﺮﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻡ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻣﺔ ﻟﻺﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺟﺰﻭﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٣٠٦‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٨٠/٧‬ﻭ‪.(٢٨٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٨٦/٧‬‬
 ‫‪٨٩٥‬‬

‫ﺕ)‪] (١‬ﺍﻟﺪﻳ ﹶﺔ[ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺘﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﺍﻟﻨﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻌ ﹺﲑ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻜ ﱢﻞ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬
‫‪ -٢٩٨٣‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻠﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻌ ﹺﲑ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿ ﹺﻊ ﺍﻋﻮﺯﺍﺯ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻹﺑﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﻳﻌﻘﻞ)‪ (٥‬ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﺍ ﹴﻝ)‪ (٦‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ‪ ..‬ﻋﻘﻠﻮﺍ‬
‫‪ -٢٩٨٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﺮﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻣﻮﱃ)‪ (٤‬ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺃﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﻞ ﺍﳌﲑﺍﺙ؛ ﻭﻟﻜﲏ)‪ (٧‬ﺟﻌﻠﺘﻪ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﻘﻞ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻓﻴﻌﻘﻠﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﻪ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨ ﹲﺔ ﻗﺎﻃﻌ ﹲﺔ ﲟﺎ‬ ‫‪] -٢٩٨٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﺴﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺴﺐ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻄﻊ)‪ (١١‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ ﲞﻼﻑ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٨٦‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﻞ)‪ (١٣‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹲﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻓﻊ)‪ (١٤‬ﻧﺴﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻤﺎﻉ)‪ ،(١٥‬ﻭﺗﻘﺒﻞ)‪ (١٦‬ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺐ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻤﺎﻉ)‪.(١٧‬‬
‫)‪(٤) (٣‬‬
‫‪) -٢٩٨٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭ ﰲ‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻧﻒ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﻄ ‪‬ﻊ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻠﺤ ‪‬ﻢ ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻈ ﹺﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ‪/‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻢ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﲝﺴﺎ ﹺ‬‫ﺃﹸﺻﻴ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺍﺩﺕ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺩﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٨٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﻋﻮﺍﺯﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺍﱄ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻌﻘﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺍﱄ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٨٧/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺜﺒﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﻄﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٨٨/٧‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺭﻓﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٨٨/٧‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٧‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٩١/٧) (٢٠٤/٨‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٨٩٦‬‬

‫ﻒ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﹸﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻲ ﺟﺪ ‪‬ﻋﺎ)‪ ،(٨) #(٧‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬

‫‪ -٢٩٨٨‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ :(٦) ‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷَﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﳚﺪﻉ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﻻ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺭﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﻛﻠﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﰲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﻄﻌﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٤٥‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٩١/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ (١ :٨٤٩/٢‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٩٠/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺟﺬﻋﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻭﺗﻜﻤﻠﺘﻪ‪ ..." :‬ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺳﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﻝ‪،‬‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٢١٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺳﹺﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﺬﹶﺍ ﻭ‪‬ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻠﲔ ﻟﻪ‪ (٤٨٥٣) ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ )ﺹ‪ (٧٨٤ :١٩٨‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ )‪ (٦٥٥٩ :٥٠٧/١٤‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ‬
‫)‪ (٣٩٧-٣٩٥/١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻣﻔﺴﺮ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬
‫)ﻭﺇﻣﺎﻡ( ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻋﺼﺮﻩ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺤﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٣٣/٢) (٣٢٩-٣٢٨/٣‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺞ‪ :‬ﻭﱂ ﳛﺪﺛﲏ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ‬
‫ﻚ ﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬‫ﻋﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻟﻌﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﰲ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ"‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﰲ )‪ ١٠٥/٦) (٢٥٨/٧‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ )ﺹ‪" :(٤٢٢‬ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺒﻠﻮﺍ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ ‪-‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ -‬ﺣﱴ ﺛﺒﺖ ﳍﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ )‪" :(٢٦/٢‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺎﺕ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺮﺭ )ﺹ‪" :(٣٩٥‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﱠﻞ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ )‪" :(٥٨-٥٧/٤‬ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﰲ ﺻﺤﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﰲ‬
‫"ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺳﻴﻞ"‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺳﹺﻨ ‪‬ﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ‪ ...‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻌﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺠﺔ‪ ...‬ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤ‪‬ﺎ‪ ...‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺻﺤﺢ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮﺓ؛‪ ...‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﱪ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﲑ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ﹺﺮﹶﻓ ﹰﺔ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻐ‪‬ﻨﻰ ﺑﺸﻬﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺗ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﳎﻴ‪‬ﺌ ‪‬ﻪ؛ ﻟﺘﻠﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ ...‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﳏﻔﻮﻅ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻧﺮﻯ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺴﻤﻮﻉ ﻋﻤﻦ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻘﻮﻟﺔ ﻛﺘﺎﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺻﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ ﻳﺮﺟﻌﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪﻋﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺭﹾﺃ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻬﻢ‪ ."،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻳﺔ )‪.(٣٤٢/٢‬‬
 ‫‪٨٩٧‬‬

‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔﹸ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٣‬ﻗﻄﻌﺖ ﻓﻠﻢ‬
‫‪ -٢٩٨٩‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺃﻧﻒ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻛﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﻩ ﻓﺄﹶﻟﺰﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻦ)‪ (٥‬ﻓﺄﻋﻴﺪﺕ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﺄﻣﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ)‪(٦‬؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﱂ ﲡﺪﻉ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٩٠‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺎﺭﻥ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻢ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٩١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﻷﻧﻒ ﻓﻠﻢ)‪ (٩‬ﻳﻜﺴﺮ ﻭﱂ ﳚﺮﺡ)‪ ..(١٠‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ)‪ (١١‬ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ]ﻟﻴﺲ[‬
‫ﺡ)‪ (١٢‬ﻭﻻ ﻛﺴ ﹴﺮ ﻟﻌﻈ ﹴﻢ)‪.(١٤) (١٣‬‬
‫ﲜﺮ ﹴ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻣﻦ ﹶﻗ ﹾﻄ ﹴﻊ ﺃﻭ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﹶﻗ ﹾﻄ ﹴﻊ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳ ﹸﺔ ﺗﺎﻣ ﹰﺔ)‪.(١٥‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٩٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﺟﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎ ‪‬ﻥ‪ /‬ﻓﺬﻫ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫‪ -٢٩٩٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺫﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﺭﺑ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻼ ﹺﻡ ﻧﺼ ﹸﻔ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻳﻌﻄﻰ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪/‬‬
‫ﺫﻫﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﺼﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺭﺑﻌﻪ‪ ..‬ﻳﻌﻄﻰ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻌﻄﻰ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳚﺬﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻷﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﱂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺘﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٩٢/٧‬ﻭﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﺎﺭﻥ ﻓﺄﺑﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٩٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﱂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳚﺪﻉ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺇﻻ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻏﲑ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳚﺮﺡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٩٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" (٢٩٤/٧‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﺣﻔﻆ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻟﻘﻴﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺧﻼﻓﹰﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٣٠٧‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٩٤/٧‬‬
‫‪ ٨٩٨‬‬

‫‪ -٢٩٩٤‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺓ)‪ (١‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ..‬ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﺨﻘﹶﻬﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ‪ ..‬ﺣﻜﻮﻣ ﹲﺔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺑﺼﺮ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ ﹰﺔ ﻓ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٩٥‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺫﻫ ‪‬‬
‫]ﻗﻀﻰ[ )‪ (٥‬ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ)‪ ..(٦‬ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ)‪ (٧‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ؛ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ)‪ (٨‬ﺃﻋﻠﻢ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﺐ)‪ ..(١١‬ﻧﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻘﺪ ﹺﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺽﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻇ ﹺﺮ)‪ (١٠‬ﰒ ﺃﹸﺻﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٢٩٩٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌ ﹺ‬
‫ﺽ ﺭﻗﻴ ﹰﻘﺎ ﻳﺒﺼﺮ)‪ (١٣‬ﻣﻦ ﲢﺘﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﺗﺎﻣﺔ)‪.(١٤‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺔ)‪(١‬؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻗﻀﻰ‪ :‬ﰲ‬
‫ﲔ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻋﻮ ﹺﺭ ﻧﺼ ‪‬‬
‫‪] -٢٩٩٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﰲ ﻋ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﲬﺴﻮﻥ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻬﺎ ﹸﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺫﻱ ﺣﻠﻖ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﻮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﻬﻴ‪‬ﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﹸﻟ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬﻰ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﶈﻜﻢ )‪ ،(٤٢٤/٤‬ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ‬
‫)‪..(٤٩٩/٣٩‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٩٦/٧‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﺨﻘﹶﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘﺄﹶﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٣٤/٢٥‬‬ ‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻖ ﻋﻴﻨ‪‬ﻪ‪ :‬ﻋﻮ‪‬ﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٦٨/٧‬ﻭ‪.(٣٠١‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻋﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺫﻫﺐ ﺑﺼﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،(٨٥٧/٢) ،‬ﻋﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻔﺌﺖ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٤٥/٧) (٦٨٧/٨‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﻭﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ (٩٨/٨‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫)‪.(١٣٧/١٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻨﺪﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﷲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٦٩/٧‬‬
‫)‪" (١٠‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻇﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰲ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺳﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﻯ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ"‪ .‬ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(٢٤٥/١٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻴﺾ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٠١/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﲔ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٨٩٩‬‬

‫‪ -٢٩٩٨‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺟﻔﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺟﻔﻦ ﺭﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢٩٩٩‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻓﻘﺄ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﻭﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﳉﻔﻮﻥ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳉﻔﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٠٠‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻧﺘﻒ ﺃﺷﻌﺎﺭﳘﺎ)‪ (٥‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻨﺒﺖ)‪ ..(٦‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﻘﺪ ﹺﺭ ﺍ َﻷﹶﻟ ﹺﻢ‬ ‫ﺖ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﺵ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺣﻜﻮﻣ ﹲﺔ ‪-‬ﺇﻥ ﻧﺒ ‪‬‬‫‪ -٣٠٠١‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﻌ ﹺﺮ)‪ (٨‬ﺃﹶﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﻴﻦﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻌﺪ)‪ (١٠‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﺣﻜﻮﻣ ﹲﺔ ﺃﹶﻛﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٠٢‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﹸﺻﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻔﻮ ‪‬ﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﹺﺑﺤ‪‬ﺴﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﺘﻄﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫‪] -٣٠٠٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺒﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﻄﺄ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻭﺿ ‪‬ﺢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ)‪ (١‬ﺍ َﻷ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺵ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﺘﲔ‬
‫]ﺃﻭ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ[)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٠١/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٠٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٠٣-٣٠٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺷﻌﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺜﺒﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٠٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺪﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٣٠٣/٧‬ﻭ‪.(٣٠٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺃﻱ ﺟﻠﺪﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٠٣/٧‬‬
‫‪ ٩٠٠‬‬

‫‪ -٣٠٠٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻭﺿﺢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺭﺵ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﺤﺘﲔ)‪.(١‬‬

‫‪ -٣٠٠٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﺫﻧﲔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺻ ﹸﻄ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻤﺘﺎ‪ ..‬ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٠٦‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺫﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻊ‪ ..(٢)/‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﻷﺫﻧﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻊ ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺫﻧﲔ)‪/١٤٤)/(٣‬ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٠٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﺫﻧﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﲔ)‪ (٤‬ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺸﻔﺘﲔ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﻼﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺩﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺎﻣﺔ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٠٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻖ ]ﰲ[ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺘﲔ ]ﺷ ﹰﻘﺎ[)ﺯ( ‪-‬ﻓﺎﻟﺘﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻡ)‪ (٧‬ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﻠ‪‬ﺘﺌ‪‬ﻢ‪ -‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﻠﺺ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﺽ)‪ (٨‬ﻟﻔﺮﺍﻗﻪ‬
‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣ ﹲﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﻠﺺ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ]ﺣﱴ[ ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻡ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻞ ﻋﺎﺩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺔ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ)‪ (١١‬ﺑﺸﻲ ٍﺀ ﹶﻗ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﺄﹶﺑﺎﻧﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔﹸ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﳘﺎ)‪ (١‬ﻧﺼ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٠٩‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳ ﹸﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ]ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ[؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻫﺐ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠١٠‬ﻭﰲ ﻛﻞ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻦ‪ ..‬ﲬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺿﺤﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٣٠٨‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٠٤/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺘﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻀﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺤﺸﻒ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻉ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻳﺒﺲ ﻓﺘﻘﻠﺺ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ‬‫ﺖ ﺍ ُﻷ ﹸﺫ ﹸﻥ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻳﺒﺴﺖ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬‫ﺸ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫)‪.(١٤٣/٢٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٠٤/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ" ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﻕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﺸﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻴﺶ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٠٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺣﺪﺍﳘﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٠٦/٧‬‬
 ‫‪٩٠١‬‬

‫ﺏ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ)‪ (٣‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻮﺩ‪‬ﺕ)‪ ..(٤‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫‪ -٣٠١١‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﺿﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠١٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﺃﺻﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ؛ ﲬﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹺﻞ ﻓﻴﻌﻴ‪‬ﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺩ )ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..(٨‬ﻓﺘﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻛ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٣٠١٣‬ﻛﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (١١‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺍﻟﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ﹺﺦ)‪..(١٣‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﻓﺄﻋﺎﺩﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -٣٠١٤‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﻠﻊ ﺳﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ )ﺣﱴ ﳜﺮﺝ‪ (١٢‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺵ ﻭﻻ ﺩﻳ ﹲﺔ‪.(١٦) (١٥)/‬‬
‫ﻓﺜﺒﺘﺖ)‪ ،(١٤‬ﰒ ﻗﻠﻌﻬﺎ ﺭﺟﻞ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺃﺭ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠١٥‬ﻭﻻ ﳛﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻠ ﹺﺰﹶﻗﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠١٦‬ﻭﻛ ﱡﻞ ﺻﻼ ‪‬ﺓ ﺻﻠﱠﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻟﺰﻗﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩﻫﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠١٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺧﻀﺮ‪‬ﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﲪﺮ‪‬ﺕ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺃﻧﻘﺺ)‪ (١‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣٠٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣١٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣١٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﻲ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺦ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﶈﻜﻢ ﻭﺍﶈﻴﻂ ﺍﻷﻋﻈﻢ )‪(٨٣/٥‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺛﺒﺘﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٤٦‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣١٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪" (١‬ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻴﺘﺔ"‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣١٢/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺳﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﻴﺘﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٩٠٢‬‬

‫‪ -٣٠١٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺻﻔﺮ‪‬ﺕ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﻜﻮﻣ ﹲﺔ ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ﱠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ﺵ ﺗﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠١٩‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻀﺎ َﺀ ﰒ ﺗﻐﲑﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ﹶﺃ ﹶﻛﹶﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺻﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻧﺴﺎ ﹲﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷَﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ)‪ (٥‬ﺣ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻢ )ﻓﻴﻪ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ (٦‬ﺑﺄﺭ ﹴ‬
‫ﺵ ﻣﻌﻠﻮ ﹴﻡ‪..‬‬ ‫‪] -٣٠٢٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱡﻞ ﺟﺮ ﹴ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﺔ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ ..(٩‬ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪﻯ ﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﺪ ﹶﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺟ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٨‬ﺃﻭ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻮﺍ ٌﺀ ﺃﹶﺷﺎ ﹶﻥ‪ (٧)/‬ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﻉ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺄ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺡ ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﺤ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻛﺴ ﹺﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﺎ ﹺﻡ ﳑﺎ ﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﺘﻄﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٢١‬ﻭﻛ ﱡﻞ ﺟﺮ ﹴ‬
‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﱪﺀ‬
‫ﺉ ﻭﻋﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﳍﻴﹶﺌ‪‬ﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ)‪ (١٢‬ﱂ ﻳﱪﺃ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﺣﻜﻮﻣ ﹲﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪ ﹺﺭ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﺵ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻏﲑﻩ)‪.(١٥‬‬
‫ﺡ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﳎﺮﻭﺡﹴ؟! ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫‪ -٣٠٢٢‬ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣ ﹸﺔ)‪ (١‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻛﻢ ﻗﻴﻤ ﹸﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ﹺﻞ ﰲ)‪ (٢‬ﻳﻮ ﹺﻡ ‪‬ﺟ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺡ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﺰ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﳉﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪@ :‬ﻣﺎﺋ ﹸﺔ‪ /‬ﺩﺭﻫ ﹴﻢ!‪ ..‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪@ :‬ﻓﻜﻢ)‪ (٣‬ﻗﻴﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٤‬ﻳﻮﻣﺌ ‪‬ﺬ ﻭﺑﻪ ﺍﳉﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﺺ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣١٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣١٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٣١٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺟﺮﺍﺡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٣٠٩‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺸﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٩٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺄﰐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٩٣/٧‬ﻭ‪.(١٩٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺤﻜﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﻴﻤﻪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٩٠٣‬‬

‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺸ ﹴﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪@ :‬ﺗﺴﻌﻮﻥ)‪ ..!(٤‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﻜﻮﻣ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺮ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻪ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ‪‬؟! ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍ ِﻹﹺﺑ ﹺﻞ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﺡ‬
‫‪ -٣٠٢٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺘﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺮﺋﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﲔ‪ ..‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪@ :‬ﻛﻢ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﺟ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ)‪ (٧‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺗﻪ ﻭﺷﻴﻨﻪ؟!‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻄﻰ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣ ﹶﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪ ﹺﺭ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻭﺑﻪ ﺍﳉﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺡ)‪ (١٠‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮ ﹶﻥ‬
‫ﻁ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﺗﺒﻀ ‪‬ﻊ)‪ (٩‬ﻭﻻ ﲡﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٢٤‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻤ ﹸﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻤ ﹸﺔ ﻟﻴﺲ ﳍﺎ ﹶﺃﹶﺛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺧﻀﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﻭﻻ ﺻﻔﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﺠﻠﻲ)‪ (٢‬ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﺎ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﲞﻀﺮﺓ)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﺼﻔﺮﺓ)‪..(٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗﺴﻌﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ؛ ﻛﺄﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻘﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺐ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣ ﹸﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻻ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﹴﺭ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ﹺﺮﹶﻓ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪ ( ٦‬ﲡ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﻧﺴﺒ ﹸﺔ ﻧﻘﺼﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺟﺎﺋﻔﺔ‪ ..‬ﻭﺟﺐ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺴﻄﻪ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪ :‬ﺟﺰ ٌﺀ ﹺﻧﺴﺒ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔ ﹺ‬
‫ﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺗﺒﻠ ﹶﻎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺑﻠﻐﺘﻪ‪..‬‬‫ﻑ ﻟﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭ‪ ..‬ﺍﺷ‪‬ﺘ ﹺﺮ ﹶ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﻗﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﺑﺼﻔﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻟ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ‬‫ﺺ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻻ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﻔﺨﺬ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴ‪‬ﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﺩﻳ ﹶﺔ ﻧﻔ ﹴ‬ ‫ﻧﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﺑﺎﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻏﺮﻡ‪ .‬ﺍ‪.‬ﻫ ﺑﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺺ‪ ..‬ﺍﻋﺘﱪ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻻﻧﺪﻣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺪﺭﻩ ﻗﺎ ﹴ‬ ‫ﱂ ﻳﺒﻖ ﻧﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٤٨٨‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ،(٧٧/٤‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٦٨/٧‬ﻭ‪ (٢٠٩-٢٠٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪.(٣٠٨/٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻴﺎﻁ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻨﺠﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٠٥/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺧﻀﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺻﻔﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٩٠٤‬‬

‫]ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ[ ﺑﻘﺪﺭﻫﺎ؛ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﳒﻠﺖ‪ ..‬ﻳﻌﻄﻰ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣ ﹶﺔ ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ؛ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﲔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﻔﺮﺩ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺸﲔ ﻭﺍﻷﱂ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪] -٣٠٢٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ)‪ (٢‬ﻗﻀﻰ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻠﻄﺎ ‪‬ﺓ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺤﺎﻕ‪ -‬ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻠ ﹺﻊ)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ‪-‬‬
‫ﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻚ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺺ ﺍﳌﻀﺮﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺘﻪ)‪(٤‬؛ َﻷ ﱠﻥ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ -‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﻞ ﰲ ﻛ ﱢﻞ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺵ ﻣﻌﻠﻮ ﹴﻡ ﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﻴﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ)‪ (٥‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺄﺭ ﹴ‬
‫ﻚ ﻭﺷﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻪ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪ ﹺﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻄﻰ ﻛ ﱡﻞ ﺍﻣﺮ ﹴ‬
‫ﻆ ﰲ ]ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﰲ[)ﺯ( ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ‬
‫‪] -٣٠٢٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴ ﹸ‬
‫‪-‬ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻭﺷﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻭ ﺧﻄﹰﺄ‪ ..-‬ﺛﻼﺛﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺣﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﻼﺛﻮﻥ ﺟﺬﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻠﻔﹶﺔ‪.(٢)(١)/‬‬
‫ﺕ ﰲ ‪ 1 20‬ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ]ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﻆ[‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﺰﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ ﻭﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ؟‬
‫‪ -٣٠٢٧‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ﺯﺩ ‪‬‬

‫‪ -٣٠٢٨‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﺧﱪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﺛﻼﺛﻮﻥ ﺣﻘ ﹰﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﻼﺛﻮﻥ ﺟﺬﻋ ﹰﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﷲ‪  (٢‬؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻆ ‪-‬ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ -‬ﺳﻨﺔ )ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ِ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻠ ﹶﻔ ﹰﺔ‪) ،‬ﻓﻼ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪﻯ‪ (١‬ﺑﺘﻐﻠﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻧﻔﺮﺩﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻟﺬﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺮ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻪ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﻠﻄﺎﺓ‪ :‬ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٦٨/٧) (٧٧٥/٨‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ‬
‫)‪ (١٤٨/٩‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ (١٧٣٤٥ :٣١٣/٩‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ (٨٣/٨‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ (١١٩/١٢‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻗﺴﻴﻂ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ‪" :‬ﻗﻠﺖ ﳌﺎﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺃﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﻋﻨﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺴﻴﻂ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻗﻀﻴﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻠﻄﺎﺓ ﺑﻨﺼﻒ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﺤﺔ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﺣﺪﺛﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻓﺤﺪﺛﲏ ﺑﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﹶﺄﰉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ!‪،‬‬
‫ﺴﻴﻂ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﲏ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﹸﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺮ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻪ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻀﻠﻊ ﲜﻤﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ (٨٦١/٢‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‬
‫)‪ ٢٣٤/٧) (٦٥٠/٨‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ( ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ (٣٦٧/٩‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ (٩٩/٨‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪ (١٤٠/١٢‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺭﻭﺍﺀ )‪ :(٣٢٧/٧‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٩٧/٧‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻌﻀﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٣١٠‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٧٨/٧‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
 ‫‪٩٠٥‬‬

‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ )ﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﻆ‪ ..(٤‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﳊﻖ‪ ‬ﺑﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﻆ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﻆ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﻗﻔﻨﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻆ ﻭﻛﺜ ‪‬ﲑ ‪‬ﻩ)‪ (٦‬ﺳﻮﺍ ٌﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻠﻴ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٢٩‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﻘﺘ ﹸﻞ ﺍﶈﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳊ ﱢﻞ ﻓﻴﻔﺪﻳﻪ ﲝﺮﻣﺔ)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻹﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺘﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮ ﹺﻡ ﺣﻼ ﹰﻻ ﻓﻴﻔﺪﻳﻪ‬
‫ﲝﺮﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻡ‪/١٤٥)/،‬ﺏ( ﻭﻳﻘﺘﻠﻪ ﺍﶈﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮ ﹺﻡ ﻓﺘﺠﺘﻤﻊ)‪ (٨‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﺮﻣﺘﺎﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺰﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ]ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ[ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺰﻳﻪ )ﺟﺰﺍ ًﺀ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ،(٩‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻞ ﳏﺮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ)‪ (١٠‬ﺃﳊﻘﻨﺎﻩ ﲜﺰﺍ ِﺀ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮ ﹺﻡ ﳏﺮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ)‪(١١‬؛ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ)‪ (١٢‬ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮﻡ ﳏﺮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ)‪ ..(١٣‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻧ ﹺﺰ ‪‬ﺩ)‪ (١٤‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ‪ ..‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ)‪] (١٥‬ﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺭﺣ ﹴﻢ[ ﺧﻄﹰﺄ‪ ..‬ﺃﳊﻘﻨﺎﻩ)‪ (١‬ﺑﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﻆ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ ..(٢‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻧ ﹺﺰ ‪‬ﺩ)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﹶﻛﺜ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻆ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﺪﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺘﻪ ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﻆ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻮﻗﻔﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺜﲑ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺜﲑﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳊﺮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﺠﺘﻤﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺛﻮﺍ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳏﺮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳏﺮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳏﺮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺰﺩ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﺘﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﳊﻘﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺰﺩ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٩٠٦‬‬

‫‪6 P‬א [‪ ' D‬‬

‫ﻂ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﺪ ‪‬ﻡ)‪.(٦) (٥‬‬
‫‪ (١) -٣٠٣٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ)‪ (٢‬ﺗﻮﺟﺐ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﺗﻨﹺﻴ ﹸ‬
‫‪ -٣٠٣١‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻗﻀﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷَﻧﺼﺎ ﹺﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ‪-‬‬
‫ﻷﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻭﺓ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‪) -‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ‪ (٨‬ﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ)‪(٩‬؛ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺧﻴﱪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻳﻬﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺤﻀ‪‬ﺔ)‪ (١١)/،(١٠‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ)‪ (١٢‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﱡﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﺪﻭ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﻢ‬ ‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ (١٣)/‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻠ ﹺ‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧﻬ‪‬ﻢ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺘﻠﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻗﺘﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻟﻸﻧﺼﺎﺭ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ‪$ : -‬ﲢﻠﻔﻮﻥ؟‪.(١٤)#‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻛﻠﻪ‪ ..‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻮﺟﺐ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﺴﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﺗﻨﻴﻂ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‪ :‬ﺗﺴﻠﻂ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻂ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻂ ﻟﻠﺪﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ ﻟﻔﻆ‪" :‬ﻳﻨﺎﻁ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻳﺴﻠﻂ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺮﺕ ﺃﻗﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﺪﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ‪ :‬ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٢٩/٧‬ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٦٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ‬
‫)‪.(١٣/١٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٢٤/٧‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥١‬ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ )ﺹ‪.(٧٣-٧٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳏﺼﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٤٦‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٣١١‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺼ ﹸﺔ ﺑﻦ‬ ‫)‪ (١٤‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺜﻤﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﲞﻴﱪ ﺗﻔﺮﻗﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺇﺫﺍ ﳏﻴﺼﺔ ﳚﺪ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻬﻞ ﻗﺘﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺼ ﹸﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻬﻞ ‪-‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺻﻐﺮ‬‫ﻓﺪﻓﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻫﻮ ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ‪ -‬ﻓﺬﻫﺐ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻟﻴﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ $ :‬ﹶﻛﺒ‪‬ﺮ‪) #‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻜ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻦ(‬
‫ﻓﺼﻤﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻣﻌﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺬﻛﺮﻭﺍ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻣﻘﺘﻞ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻬﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٩٠٧‬‬

‫‪ -٣٠٣٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪@ :‬ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﳛﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﻭﱂ ﳛﻀﺮ؟!‬

‫‪ -٣٠٣٣‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٣٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪@ :‬ﻭﺃﻳﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ؟!‬
‫‪ -٣٠٣٥‬ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﳝﻮﺕ ﻭﻟﻪ ﲪﻞ)‪ ،(١‬ﰒ ﻳﻮﻟﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﲑﺙ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ )ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪(٢‬؛ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ‬
‫)ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ‪ (٣‬ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ]ﻣﻨﻪ[‪ ..‬ﺟﺎﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺷﻲﺀٌ؛ ﻭ]ﺇﻥ[ﱂ ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﻭﱂ ﳛﻀﺮ ﺃﺑﺎﻩ ﺣﲔ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪ‪ ‬ﻋﻰ‬
‫ﷲ ‪$ : ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪ‪‬ﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮ ﹺﻝ ﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﺤﱢﻠ ﹸﻔ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺴﻨ ‪‬ﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻜﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ‪.(٥)#‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٣٦‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﰲ )ﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ (٧‬ﳛﻮﺯﻫﺎ)‪ ..(٨‬ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﻟﻪ)‪ (٩‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﺒﺖ‪‬؛ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬
‫ﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺼﺪﻳ ﹺﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﺧﱪﻩ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﲟﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻠ ﹺ‬
‫ﻚ‬ ‫‪ -٣٠٣٧‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺗ ﹸﻞ ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨﻪ‪‬؛ ﻓﻴﺤﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﺮﺟ ‪‬ﻊ )ﺇﱃ ﻋ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ‪.(١١) (١٠‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﳍﻢ ‪$‬ﺃﲢﻠﻔﻮﻥ ﲬﺴﲔ ﳝﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺘﺴﺘﺤﻘﻮﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻜﻢ؟‪) #‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺎﺗﻠﻜﻢ( ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪@ :‬ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﳓﻠﻒ ﻭﱂ ﻧﺸﻬﺪ؟! ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﲔ ﳝﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ؟‪ #‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪@ :‬ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﻧﻘﺒﻞ ﺃﳝﺎﻥ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻛﻔﺎﺭ؟! ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫‪ $‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺒ ﹺﺮﹸﺋ ﹸﻜﻢ ﻳﻬﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ﲞﻤﺴ ‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ﹾﻘﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ‪ (٦٨٩٨) ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﶈﺎﺭﺑﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ‪ (١٦٦٩) ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺣﺼﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﺪﻱ ﺭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﳛﻮﺯﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٢٦/٧‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٢٥١‬‬
‫‪ ٩٠٨‬‬

‫‪ -٣٠٣٨‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻗﻮﻡ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺘﻔﺮﻗﻮﺍ)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻦ ﻗﺘﻴﻞ‪ ../‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻣﻨﻔ ﹶﺬ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺘﻴﻞ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻔﻼﺓ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ)‪ (٥‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﻭﺇﱃ)‪ (٦‬ﹸﻗ ‪‬ﺮﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﺁﺧ ‪‬ﺮ)‪ (٧‬ﻣﻘﺘﻮﻝٌ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻗﺮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ‪‬‬‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺳﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺭﺃﻭﺍ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ‪‬ﻩ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٣٩‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ؛ )ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ‪ ،(١١‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(١٣)(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٤٠‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ]ﰲ[ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ]ﻭﻟﻴﺲ[ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻋﺪﺍﻭﺓ ﺃﻭ)‪ (١٤‬ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺘﲔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ)‪ (١٥‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﺔ)‪.(١٦‬‬
‫ﺉ ﺑﺄﹶﻭﻟﻴﺎ ِﺀ‪ (١)/ (١٨‬ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﻠﻒ‬
‫‪] -٣٠٤١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (١٧‬ﻭﺟﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ‪) ..‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﳝﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﷲ ﹶﻟ ﹸﻔﻼ ﹲﻥ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﻓﻼ‪‬ﻧﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﲬﺴﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﲬﺴﲔ)‪ (٢‬ﻓﻨﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﲬﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﲬﺴﻮﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﲑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻔﺮﻗﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٢٥/٧‬ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٧٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٠/١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪.(١٣/١٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳐﺘﻀﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺟﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺘﻮﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٢٥/٧‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٩/١٣‬ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ )ﺹ‪ (٧٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٠/١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﺘﻴﻼ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(٢٤٢/٧‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺇﻥ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺻﻔﲔ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻯ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻠﻪ"‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١١/١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٢٢٥-٢٢٤/٧‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ )ﺹ‪.(٧٣-٧٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٨‬ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻴﺎﺽ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٩٠٩‬‬

‫ﻒ ﳝﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ‬
‫ﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟﻞ‪ ..‬ﺣﹶﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ)‪ (٤‬ﹶﻛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮ ﳝ ﹴ‬ ‫ﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻴﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﻒ)‪ (٧‬ﲬﺴﲔ ﳝﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﳛﻠﻔﻮﺍ‪ ..‬ﺣﹶﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹰﺔ)‪(٥‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ..‬ﺣﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ)‪ (١٠‬ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺛﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺟﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺴﺎﺀ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٤٢‬ﻭﻻ)‪ (٩‬ﳛﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٤٣‬ﻭﻻ ﳛﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺼﺪ ﻗﺼﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ‪ ..(١٣‬ﺣﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻀﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﲔ )ﺻﻐﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺒﺎ ‪‬ﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺣﻀﻮ ‪‬ﺭ ﺃﻭ ﹸﻏ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٣٠٤٤‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (١٢‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳌ ‪‬ﺪﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺑﻘﺪ ﹺﺭ ﺣﺼﺘ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(١٤‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺣﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﲬﺴﲔ ﳝﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﺣﺼﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛ ‪‬ﱪ ﺍﻟﺼﻐ ‪‬ﲑ ﻭﻗﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١٦‬‬ ‫)‪(١٥‬‬
‫ﲔ ﳝﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪ ‪‬ﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﲬﺴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‪ ..‬ﺣﻠﻒ‬ ‫‪ -٣٠٤٥‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻣﺘﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺮﺋﻮﺍ)‪ ،(١٧‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻧﻜﻠﻮﺍ‪ ..‬ﻏﺮﻣﻮﺍ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٣١٢‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲬﺴﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺩﺩﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﳋﹶﻤﺴﲔ‪ :‬ﺳﺘﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﳝﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺛﻠﺜﺎ ﳝﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﻞ ﻓﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﳝﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬‫)‪ (٥‬ﻛﺄﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﹸﺜﹸﻠ ﹸ‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳛﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٣٣-٢٣٢/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٨/١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﱂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٢٦/٧‬ﻭ‪.(٢٢٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺻﻐﺎﺭ ﺍﻭ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺍﻭ ﻏﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺻﻐﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺻﻮﺑﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٣٢/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٩/١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻛﱪ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻀﺮ ﺫﺍﻙ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﺣﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺑﺮﻭﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٩١٠‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﲔ ﳝﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ؛ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻼ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﺘﻠﻮﻩ‪ ..‬ﺣﹶﻠﻔﹸﻮﺍ ﲬﺴ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٣٠٤٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (١‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺩﻋ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲬﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ)‪ (٤‬ﳝﲔ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﳝﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﺩﻋﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺘﲔ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -٣٠٤٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮ ﹴﻡ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻛﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺩﻣﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ)‪ (٦‬ﺩﻋﻮﺍﻩ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻜ ‪‬ﻦ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﺖ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٤٨‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻘﺒ ﹸﻞ)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻯ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻻﺋ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺻﻔ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٤٩‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺩ ‪‬ﻡ)‪ (١٠‬ﺑﻐ ﹺﲑ ﺩﻻﻟ ‪‬ﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿ ﹺﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻻ ﲡﺐ)‪ (١١‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ‪..‬‬
‫ﲔ ﳝﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ )‪.(١٢‬‬ ‫ﱂ ﻳﱪﺃ ﺍﳌﺪ‪‬ﻋﻮﻥ ﺇﻻ ﲞﻤﺴ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٥٠‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺷﻬﺪ ﺷﺎﻫ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﺪ ﹲﻝ‪ ..‬ﺃﻭﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٥١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (١‬ﹸﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﺴﻴ ‪‬ﺪ‪/١٤٦)/‬ﺏ( ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣ ﹸﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺣﺮﺍ ﹺﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴ ‪‬ﺪ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺭﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻣﺮﺍﺩﻩ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬ﺪﻋ‪‬ﻲ ﺇﻥ ﻧﻜﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﳝﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺘﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻷﳝﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﲬﺴﻮ ﹶﻥ ﳝﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﻄﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻂ ﺍﳋﻤﺴﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻡ ﳛﻠﻒ ﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﲬﺴﲔ؟ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺴﹸ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻞ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﻇﻬﺮﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٢١/١٠‬ﻓﺎﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٤٢-٢٤١/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٢٥/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺩﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲡﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﱪﺃ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﻐﻠﻆ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻷﳝﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮﳘﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲬﺴﻮﻥ ﳝﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‬
‫ﻒ ﳝﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ(‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫)‪ ،(٥٦٣/٧‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ )‪ (٣٠٤٦‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ )ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢١/١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﻓﺎﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ‪ ..‬ﻟﻮﺙ ﻳﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٢٥/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١١/١٠‬‬
 ‫‪٩١١‬‬

‫‪ -٣٠٥٢‬ﻭﺩﻳﺔ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻄ‪‬ﺄ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫‪ -٣٠٥٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﳌﻜﺎﺗﺐ)‪ ..(٥‬ﻓﻬﻮ‪ (٦)/‬ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺎﺗﺐ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻌﺠﺰ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﻼ[ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿ ﹴﻊ ﲡﺐ)‪ (٩‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺮﺡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺏ)‪ (٨‬ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ]ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫‪] -٣٠٥٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺿﺮ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺵ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﺐ ﻓﺮﺍ ﹴ‬
‫ﺡ ﻣﺪ ﹰﺓ ﻗﺼﲑ ﹰﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻃﻮﻳﻠ ﹰﺔ ﺻﺎﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳉﺮ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﺎﺵ‪/‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺕ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٥٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘﹺﺒ ﹸﻞ ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪﹺﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻠﺘﺌﻢ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ)‪ (١٢‬ﻣﺮﺿﻪ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫)‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﺵ!‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺪ ‪‬ﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪@ :‬ﺑﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺐ ﻓﺮﺍ ﹴ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٣٠٥٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺭﺛﺘﻪ‪@ :‬ﱂ ﻳﺰﻝ‬
‫)‪(١٥‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣ ‪‬ﺔ ﺟﺮﺡ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﺣﻠﻔﻮﺍ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺪﺑﺮ!‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ ﻗﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ)‪.(١٦‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٢٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺪﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٣١/٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪.(١٣/١٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺎﺗﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٣١٣‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٢٦/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺻﺮﻑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳚﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٤٧‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٢٨/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٢٨/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻧﺰﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﰲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٢٨/٧‬‬
‫‪ ٩١٢‬‬

‫‪ -٣٠٥٧‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹸﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮ ﹴﻡ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﻢ)‪ (١‬ﻋﺪ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻋﺮﻑ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ]ﻛﺎﻥ[‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﻢ!‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‪ ..‬ﺃﻗﺴﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﲬﺴﲔ ﳝﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻭﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٥٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﹶﺭﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺔ ﻧﻔ ﹴﺮ ﺃﹶ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﺘﻠﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ‪‬ﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﺜﺒﺖ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ)‪ ..(٥‬ﺣﻠﻒ ﲬﺴﲔ‬
‫ﳝﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺣﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺇﻥ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺑﺂﺧﺮ ]ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ [:‬ﻗﺪ)‪ (٦‬ﻋﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ ..‬ﺣﻠﻒ ﺃﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ ﲬﺴﲔ ﳝﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﺙ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪..‬‬ ‫‪ -٣٠٥٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺛﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﻠﻒ ﻭﺍﺭ ﹲ‬
‫ﺙ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﲬﺴﲔ ﳝﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﰒ ﺟﺎ َﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭ ﹸ‬
‫ﺣﻠﻒ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﳋﻤﺴﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٦٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻟﻴﺎﻥ)‪ (٩‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪@ :‬ﺃﻗﺴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ!‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪@ :‬ﺃﻗﺴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻄﺄ!‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺷﻬﺪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﺍﻥ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻬﺪ)‪ (١٠‬ﺷﺎﻫﺪﺍﻥ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ)‪ (١١‬ﺧﻄﺄ؛ ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻳﻜﺬﺏ)‪ (١٢‬ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﱄ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋﻰ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻭ ﱟ‬
‫‪ -٣٠٦١‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ِ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺴﻤﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٣١/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٣١/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٣٢-٢٣١/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻟﺪﺍﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﺘﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﺬﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺸﺎ‪‬ﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻜﺎﺫﺏ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻴﲔ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٣٥-٢٣٤/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(١٦-١٤/١٠‬ﻭﱂ ﺃﺭ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٩١٣‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺃﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ﰒ ﺟﺎ َﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺛ ﹸﺔ‪ ..‬ﺍﺳﺘﺄﻧﻔﻮﺍ‬
‫ﰒ ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺾ ﺍﻷَﳝﺎ ‪‬ﻥ‪/‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٦٢‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻷَﳝﺎﻥ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻕ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘ ‪‬ﻲ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﹶﻓﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺾ ﺍﻷَﳝﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﰒ ﹸﻏ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺑﻌ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٦٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺣﻠ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٦٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ‪ /‬ﻗﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮ ﹴﻡ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﹶﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺐ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ)‪ (٥‬ﰒ ﺟﺎﺀَﺕ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹲﺔ ﻓﺸﻬﺪﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ)‪.(٨) (٧‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٦٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﹶﻗﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﹶﺧﺬﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔﹶ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺟﺎ َﺀ ﻗﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻓﺸﻬﺪﻭﺍ ﺃﹶ‪‬ﻤﺎ)‪ (٩‬ﻗﺎﻻ‪@ :‬ﻣﺎ ﳓﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﻘﲔ‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ (١٠‬ﹺﺑﺎ ﹶ‬
‫ﳊ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻳﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﻷﺑﻴ ﹺﻬﻢ ﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ﹺﺮﹸﻓﻮ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ ﳍﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹸﺬ ‪‬ﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ!‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮﺩ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔﹶ؛ َﻷ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﺪ )‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻚ)‪ (١١‬ﺃﺑﻴﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺼﺪﻳ ‪‬ﻘ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮ ‪‬ﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮ ﹸﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﻘ ﹴ‬
‫ﺨﹺﺒ ﹴﺮ)‪ (١٣‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮﻫ‪‬ﻢ)‪.(١٥)(١٤‬‬
‫ﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﻗﺴﻤﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺼﺪﻳ ﹺﻖ ﺷﻬﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺷ ﹺﻬﺪﻭﺍ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٣١٤‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٣٤-٢٣٣/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٣٤/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﻗﺴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺷﻬﺪﺕ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﻬﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٣٧/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﻗﺴﻤﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﺛﻨﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﺍﳕﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﻬﺪ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳐﱪﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺣﱪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٣٨/٧‬‬
‫‪ ٩١٤‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺧﻄﹰﺄ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﱄ‪@ :‬ﺑﻞ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ!‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ ﻗﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫‪ -٣٠٦٦‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺃﺑﺎ ‪‬ﻩ‬
‫ﳝﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳ ﹸﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺳﻨﲔ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪..‬‬
‫ﲔ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﳎﻨﻮ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻐﻠﻮ‪‬ﺑﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﻠﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٦٧‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻴﻢ )ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮﻥ()‪ (٣‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ﹰﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺣﺎ ﹺﻝ)‪ (٤‬ﺇﹺﻓﺎﻗ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ‬
‫‪ -٣٠٦٨‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻮ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪@] :‬ﻗﺘﻠ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﳎﻨﻮ ﹲﻥ! ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﻮﹸﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﹶﻥ ﻳﻘﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮ ‪‬ﺩ‪@ :‬ﹺﺇ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ[ ﰲ ﺣﺎ ﹺﻝ)‪ (٦‬ﺇﻓﺎﻗ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ!)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪] -٣٠٦٩‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ﹸﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﳎﻤ ﹴﻊ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﺍﳌﺴﺠ ‪‬ﺪ)‪] (٨‬ﻓﺎﺯﺩﲪﻮﺍ[)ﺯ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺡ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔﹸ؛ ﻳﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺻ ﱠﻔ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﻦ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ]ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﺣﺎﻡ[)ﺯ( ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﻪ ﹶﺃﹶﺛ ‪‬ﺮ ﺟﺮﺍ ﹴ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ)‪ (٩‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﺣﺎ ﹺﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹴﻞ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺭﺟﺎ ﹴﻝ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻣﻜﻦ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺘﻠﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﳌﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ﺳﻨﲔ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (١٠‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ﺇﻻ ﹺﺑ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺪﻳ ﹸﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﻗﻠ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ﺛﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫ﺉ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻧﻜﻞ‪ ..‬ﺣﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻲ‬ ‫‪ -٣٠٧٠‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺟﻨﺎﻳ ﹸﺔ)‪ (١٢‬ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ..‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﳝﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﳝﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ (١٣)/‬ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﲝﻘﻪ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ﹶﻘﺮ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﳌﻘ‪‬ﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٣٩/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻴﲔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٣٩/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٣٩/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﺴﺠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻘﺴﻮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٢٤٢-٢٤١/٧‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺯﺩ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲜﻨﺎﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٣١٥‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٩١٥‬‬

‫ﻒ)‪@ (٣‬ﺑﺎﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻮ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎ ﹺﱂ ﺧﺎﺋﻨ ‪‬ﺔ‬ ‫‪ -٣٠٧١‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ)‪ (٢‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ..‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻷَﻋﲔﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗ‪‬ﺨﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻭ ‪‬ﺭ‪ ..‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﻓﻼ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﻭ]ﻻ[ ﺃﹶﻋﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺘ‪‬ﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻧﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻌ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻧﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪﹺﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻓ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻪ!)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﺐ‪ (٦‬ﺑﻪ‪ (٧)/‬ﻓﻼ ﹲﻥ)‪.(٩)!(٨‬‬
‫ﺖ )ﺷﻴﹰﺌﺎ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻄ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٧٢‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ‪ :‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺩ‪@ :‬ﻭﻻ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪﹾﺛ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ)‪@ (١١‬ﺑﺎﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ‬
‫ﻼ)‪ (١٠‬ﻫﻮ ﻭﺁﺧﺮ ﻋﻤ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻄﹰﺄ‪ ..‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٣٠٧٣‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﹶﺃﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ]ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ[ ﺃﻧﻪ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻌﻲ ﻓﻼﻥﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺖ ﻓﻼ‪‬ﻧﺎ ﻭﺣﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ‪/١٤٧)/‬ﺏ( ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻮ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎ ﹺﱂ ﺍﻟﻐﻴ ﹺ‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﺮﺑﹺﻨﺎ ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﺎ!)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫ﻣﻮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ)‪ (١٢‬‬
‫ﲔ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺲ ﰲ ﳝﻴﹺﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﻌﺎﻳﺎ)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ‪ ..‬ﺍ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺉ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻤ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻒ ﰒ ﺗﻨﻔ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٣٠٧٤‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ)‪] (١٥‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ[‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﲎ‪ ..‬ﺃﹸﻋﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(١) (١٦‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﰲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻳﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻟﻮﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻢ ﳝﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﳛﻠﻒ؟ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‬
‫ﲔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﳛﻠﻒ ﲬﺴﲔ ﳝﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪،‬‬‫ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻳ‪‬ﻜﺘﻔﹶﻰ ﺑﻴﻤ ﹴ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ .(٢١/١٠‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﻍ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻣﺔ )ﺹ‪(٦٠‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ )‪(١٥-١٤/١٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻔﻌﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٤٤/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻄﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٤٧‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻼﻧﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٤٤/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻼﻧ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﳛﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٤٥/٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﻖ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪.(١٣٦/٣٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﱂ ﻳﻌﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٦‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٢٤٦/٧‬‬
‫‪ ٩١٦‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻜﺎﺗﺐ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٩١٧‬‬

‫‪YQ s '6 P‬א‪ (١)#2‬‬

‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺿ ﹺﺮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٧٥‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ]‪ :[‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻝ ﺩﻳ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺿ ﹺﺮ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٣٠٧٦‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺅﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺻﻠﻴﻬﺎ!‪ ..‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺇﹺﻥ ﺷﺎ َﺀ ﺍﷲ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺛﻼﹰﺛﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٧٧‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳ‪‬ﺴﺘﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٧٨‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻊ ﺯﻛﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ ..(٥‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﺎ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ؛ ﻃﺎﺋ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ‪‬ﻫﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺩﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪..‬‬
‫ﻗﻮﺗﻞ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺃﺻﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺑ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ‬ ‫‪ -٣٠٧٩‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ]ﺑﻌﺾ[ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺁ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺘﻞ‪،‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٨٠‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﺃﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻭﺃﺣﺒﺴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٨١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺒﺴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺿﺮﺑﻪ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﰲ )‪/٨٥‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٥٦٨/٢‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٦٣/٢‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (١٧/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (١٤٧‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٢٧/١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪(٤٢٨/٢‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﺿﺮﺑ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻠﺮﻗﺒﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪ" ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﺼﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺃﻭ ﳝﻮﺕ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‪" :‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﻨﺨﺲ ﲝﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺘ ﹸﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٥٢٥/٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪(١٤٦/٢‬‬ ‫ﺲ ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﺃﻧﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(١٧/٣‬‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٦٤-٥٦٣/٢‬ﻭﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٣٤‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﺘﺘﺎﺏ ﺣﺎ ﹰﻻ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻳﺴﺘﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ‪ ...‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺘﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٧١-٥٧٠/٢‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪ‪" :‬ﰲ ﺣﺒﺴﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ" ﻭﺫﻛﺮﳘﺎ ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(٢٦٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ : ‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﳋﱪ" ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﺘﺘﺎﺏ ﺣﺎ ﹰﻻ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (١٧/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٤٧/٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٥٠٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٥٦٣/٢‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫‪ ٩١٨‬‬

‫ﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻼ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ[‪،‬‬ ‫ﺿ ﹺﺮ‪‬ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﹶﻣ ‪‬‬

‫ﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫‪] -٣٠٨٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﻻ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﹺﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲﰲ‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﹶﻞ ﲢﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲝﻜ ﹴﻢ ﺑﺮﺃﻳﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﹶﻧﺖ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ‪ (٣)/‬ﺃﹶﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ)‪ :(٢‬ﺃﺭﺃﹶﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻭﻻ ﺳﻨ ﹲﺔ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺻﺔﹲ‪ ،‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺒﻄ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺑﺮﺃﻳﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻘﻀﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪]@ :‬ﻗﺪ[‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳊﻜ ﹺﻢ ﻛﺘﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ)‪.!(٤‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻭﻻ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺳﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﳊﻜ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﺧﻄ ﹾﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺩﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻗﺎﺗﻠ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺁﺧ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﻩ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫‪) -٣٠٨٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺇﻥ‪ (٥‬ﻗﺪﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﹶﺧ ‪‬ﺬ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ..‬ﺃﹶﺧﺬ‪‬ﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻧﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﹶﻗﺘﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ!‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺃﹶﻥ ﺃﹶﺑﺎ ﺑﻜ ﹴﺮ ﻗﺎﺗ ﹶﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎ ﹶﺓ‪ (٧)/‬ﻭﻗﺘ ﹶﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ؟‬ ‫‪ -٣٠٨٤‬ﻓﻘﻠﺖ)‪ (٦‬ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٨٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ!‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﻚ‬
‫ﺹ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣ‪‬ﻜ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﻣﻨﺼﻮ ﹴ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮ ﹴ‬ ‫‪ -٣٠٨٦‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ ﻟﻚ‪@ :‬ﺃﹶﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻗﺎ‪‬ﺗﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻱ ﻣﻨﻚ!‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺃ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٨٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ @ :‬ﻭﹺﺇ ﹾﻥ؛ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺣﻜ ‪‬ﻢ!‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٨٨‬ﻗﻠﺖ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻓﺄﻧﺖ)‪ (٩‬ﲡﻴ ‪‬ﺰ)‪ (١٠‬ﻗﺘﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﹶﰉ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﻘﻀﺎ‪‬ﺋﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﺮ ‪‬ﻙ)‪ (١١‬ﻗﺘﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﻓﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ‬
‫ﻂ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫ ﹺﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﳛﺘ ‪‬ﺞ ﲟﺜ ﹺﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ؟)‪.(١‬‬ ‫ﷲ ‪) ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ‪ (١٢‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻫﻞ ﺭﺃﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﹶﻗ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺍِ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺗﻨﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻷﺑﺼﺎﺭ )‪ (٣٥٢/١‬ﻣﻊ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﻳﺔ )‪،(٥٠/١‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٦٤/٢‬ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺭﻣﺰ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٣١٦‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﲝﻜﻤﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٨٥‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻗﺎﺗﻠﺘﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻓﺄﻧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٩١٩‬‬

‫ﻚ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫‪ -٣٠٨٩‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺭﺗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﺗ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹸﻜ ﱡﻞ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻞ ﰲ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴ ﹴﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺮﺍ ٍﺀ)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻭ ﻫﺒ ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎ ﹸﻥ ﻣﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺘﻴ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻑ‪‬؛ ﻓﺈﹺﻥ ﺭﺟ ‪‬ﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ‪ ../‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﹸﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻮ‪‬ﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٩٠‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻛ ﱡﻞ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻞ ]ﺑﻪ[ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﱂ ﳚﺰ ﻭﻳﻔﺴﺦ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺇﹺﻟﻴﻨﺎ)‪.(٨)(٧‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٥٦٥-٥٦٤/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺷﺮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﻫﻞ ﻳﺰﻭﻝ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ؟‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ؛ ﺃﺣﺪﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ؛ ﻟﺰﻭﺍﻝ ﻋﺼﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻗﻴﺎﺳ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻻ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻟﺰﺍﱐ ﺍﶈﺼﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻑ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (١٢٢/١١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٧٨/١٠‬ﺭﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪.(١٢٣/٤‬‬
‫ﻭﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﳝﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﻭﻗﺎﻻ‪" :‬ﻫﻞ ﻳﺼﲑ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ ﳏﺠﻮﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻡ ﻻ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻑ‬
‫ﺺ ﺍﳋﻼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ؟ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻻﻥ" ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪" :‬ﺃﺻﺤﻬﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻨﺎ‪@ :‬ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻑ!"‬
‫ﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﳘﺎ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ ﻗﻄﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ‪..‬‬ ‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﻜﹶﻤﺎ ﺑﺄ ﱠﻥ ﺑﻴ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭ ﹸﻛ ﱠﻞ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻑ ‪-‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪-‬؛ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻃﻞﹲ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﺍ ﺧﻼﻓﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺠﺮ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ ﺃﻡ ﺑﻀﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪ ..‬ﻫﻮ ﳏﺠﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻫﻮ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٥٧٧/٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٤٠٦/٧‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﺑﹶﺄ ﱠﻥ ﻣﻠﻜﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﱄ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺇ ﹼ‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﲔ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ @ﺑﺎﺏ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﺮ!‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ @ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺒﺎﺱ!‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫‪ ٩٢٠‬‬

‫‪YQ s '6 P‬א ‪  D‬‬

‫‪ -٣٠٩١‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺤﺮ)‪ (١‬ﺟﺎﻣ ‪‬ﻊ ﳌﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻥ)‪ (٢‬ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ؛ ﻓﻴﻘﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻒ ]ﺍﻟﺴﺤ ‪‬ﺮ[ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺴﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻜﻼﻡ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺤﺮ ﺑﻪ )ﻛﻼ ‪‬ﻡ ﻛﻔ ﹴﺮ‪ ..(٣‬ﺍﺳﺘﺘﻴﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ؛‬ ‫ﺻ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺴﺎﺣﺮ‪ :‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻗﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﹰﺌﺎ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﻔ ‪‬ﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٣٠٩٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺤﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻼ ‪‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ‪ ..‬ﻧ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﺎﺩ‪ ..‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﺭ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﹸﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﻤﻮ ﹸﻝ ]ﻟﻪ[ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ @ (٨)/:‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ!‪..‬‬ ‫‪ -٣٠٩٣‬ﻭﹺﺇ ﹾﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻳﻌﻤ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﹸﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻞ ﺑﻪ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩﺍ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺎ َﺀ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟﻴﺎ ‪‬ﺅ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ!‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺕ ﳑﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻣﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٣٠٩٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻷﻗﺘﻞﹶ؛ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﻄ ﹸﺊ ﺍﻟﻘﺘ ﹶﻞ ﻭﻳﺼﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ ﻭﻻ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﹶﻭﻟﻴﺎﺅ‪‬ﻩ ﻟﹶﻤﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺽ)‪] (١٠‬ﻣﻨﻪ[ ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ]ﻣﻨﻪ[‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﺳﺤ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻣ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٩٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﳍﻢ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٩٦‬ﻭﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﻐﻨ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﺎ ﹸﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣ ﹺﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ﻛﻔ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﻣﺼﺮ ‪‬ﺣﺎ؛ ﻓ‪‬ﻴﻘﺘﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٩٧‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‪$ :‬ﺍﻗﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﹸﻛﻞﱠ ﺳﺎﺣ ﹴﺮ ﻭﺳﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺓ‪ ،(١)#‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ)‪ :(٢‬ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻗﺘﻠﺖ ﺣﻔﺼ ﹸﺔ ﺟﺎﺭﻳ ﹰﺔ ﳍﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺳﺤﺮ‪‬ﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳌﻌﺎﱐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﻔﺮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٦٧-٥٦٦/٢‬ﲝﺮﻭﻓﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻳﺴﲑ‪‬ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻛﻼﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٦٧/٢‬ﲝﺮﻭﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٣١٧‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٥٦٧/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﻤﺮﺽ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٥٦٧/٢‬‬
 ‫‪٩٢١‬‬

‫‪ -٣٠٩٨‬ﻗﻴﻞ)‪ :(٤‬ﻣﻌﲎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ‪-‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ -‬ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﺳﺤﺮﻭﺍ ﺑﻜﻔﺮ ﻣﺼﺮﺡ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٣٠٩٩‬ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻗﺘﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻛﻔ ‪‬ﺮﺍ ﻣﺼﺮ ‪‬ﺣﺎ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺣﲔ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﻣﺸﻂ ﻭﻣﺸﺎﻗﺔ)‪ ،(٧)(٦‬ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺣﲔ ﺳﺤﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﺒﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫‪‬ﺳ ‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻻ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٠٠‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻻ)‪ (١٠‬ﻳﺴﺘﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺪﻳﻖ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺷ‪ ‬ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻈ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻹِﳝﺎﻥﹶ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳ‪‬ﻘﺘﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﻘﺒ ﹸﻞ ﻗﻮﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻪ)‪.(١١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٦٦/٢‬ﻭﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (١٦٥٧ :١٩٦/٣‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺝ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺱ‪ ،(٣٠٤٣) ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ (٤٩/٦‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ )ﺹ‪ (١١٠٥ :٢٧٨‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ )‪(١٣٦/١٠‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ )‪ (٢٦٨/٣‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ (١٣٦/٨‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )‪.(٢٠٣/١٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ (١٤ :٨٧١/٢‬ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﻼﻏﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٥٦٦/٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﹸﺧﺒﹺﺮﻧﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺣﻔﺼﺔ ﹶﻓ ﹶﺬ ﹶﻛﺮ‪‬ﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﺻﻠﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ )ﺹ‪ (٤٢٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﲏ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺬﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪- (١٨٠/١٠‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ -‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‬
‫)‪.(١٣٦/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٦٧/٢‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴﻘﹸﻂ ﻣ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺮﻳﺢ ﺑﺎ ﹸﳌﺸ‪‬ﻂ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‬
‫ﺸﻌ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻃﺔ‪" :‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫)‪.(٣٣٤/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ‪ ، ‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺑﺪﺀ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺻﻔﺔ ﺇﺑﻠﻴﺲ ﻭﺟﻨﻮﺩﻩ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ ،(٣٢٦٨‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺮ‪.(٢١٨٩) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺃﰊ ﻣﺼﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ )‪ (٢٧٨٢ :٤٢٢/٢‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺳﻮﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬
‫)ﺹ‪ (٤٤٢ :٣٥٠-٣٤٩‬ﻭﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٨٠/٨‬ﻭﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (٢٤١٢٦ :١٥٤/٤٠‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ‬
‫)‪ (١٤١/٩‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪ (١٣٧/٨‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻘﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ )‪" :(٥٢٠/٨‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ" ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳊﺒﲑ )‪" :(١١١/٤‬ﻭﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٥٦٧/٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ )‪ (١٧٢/٤‬ﺍﳌﻌﻮﻧﺔ )‪ (١٣٦٣/٣‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺩﻳﺮ )‪.(٣٠٦/٤‬‬
‫‪ ٩٢٢‬‬

‫‪] -٣١٠١‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭ[ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ]ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺎﺏ[)‪.(١‬‬

‫ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ]ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﻮﻥ‪ ،[١ :‬ﻓﺄﻣﺮ‬ ‫

‬ ‫‪ -٣١٠٢‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺞ ﺑﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪


  :(٢) ‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺪﻳ ‪‬ﻖ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﹶﻇﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻹﺳﻼ ‪‬ﻡ‪..‬‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‪/١٤٨)/‬ﺏ( ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻗﺘﻠﻬﻢ ﻟ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﻈﻬﺮﻭﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡﹺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺒﺪﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪$ : ‬ﻓﻬﻼ ﺷﻘﻘﺖ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻗﻠﺒﻪ‪ ،(٣)#‬ﻳﻌﻴﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ )ﺇﹺﺫ()‪َ (٤‬ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻜﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺎﻹﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺪ ﱠﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺇﹺﻇﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼ ﹺﻡ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻨ ﹲﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞﹺ‪،‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺍﺋ ﹺﺮ‪.(٦)(٥)/‬‬
‫ﻭﺍ ُ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٥٧٦-٥٧٢/٢‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٥٩‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(١٤٠/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪.  :‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﲢﺮﱘ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ )‪ (٩٦‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪$ :‬ﺃﻓﻼ ﺷﻘﻘﺖ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻗﻠﺒﻪ‪.#‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﲟﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻐﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺮﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﻴﻨﺔ‪،‬‬
‫)‪.(٤٢٦٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٣١٨‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺭﺗﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪ ﻓﻜﻞ ﻣﺎﻋﻤﻞ ‪ ،....‬ﰒ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺒﺎﺱ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٩٢٣‬‬

‫‪6 PF‬א‪ œB‬نوא ?‪M‬و‪ E١3‬‬

‫‪ -٣١٠٣‬ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪$ : ‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﺬﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻴﻊ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﷲ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﻄﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺬﺭ ﺃﻥ )ﻳﻌﺼﻲ ﺍﷲ‪ ..(٣‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻌﺼﻪ)‪.(٥) #(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٠٤‬ﻓﻤﻦ)‪ (٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﷲ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻧﺬ ‪‬ﺭ )ﺇﻥ ﻓﻌﻠﺖ‪ (٧‬ﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ!؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺗﻴﺎﻥ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ)‪ ..(١١‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺀ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ‬ ‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺀ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٨‬ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ)‪ ،(٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﻭﻓﺎﺕ‪ (١٢)/‬ﻭﻗﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻀﺎﺅﻩ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٠٥‬ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪@ :‬ﷲ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻧﺬﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺃﺷﺮﺏ ﲬ ‪‬ﺮﺍ! ﺃﻭ ﳓﻮ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺗﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪@ :‬ﷲ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻧﺬﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺻﻮﻡ ﻏ ‪‬ﺪﺍ! ﺃﻭ)‪ (١٤‬ﳓﻮ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻧﺬﺭ ﺻﻮﻡ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺃﹶﻳﺎﻡ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺃﺷﺮﺏ ﺍﳋﻤﺮ!‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‪@ :‬ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺃﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫‪ -٣١٠٦‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ِ @ :‬‬
‫ﺾ ﻓﻼ‪‬ﻧﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ﱠﻘ ‪‬ﻪ!‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﺬﺭﻩ)‪ (١‬ﱂ‬
‫)ﻋﺸﺮ ﺭﻛﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،!(١٥‬ﺃﻭ‪@ :‬ﺇﻥ ]ﱂ[ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ ﹺ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺬﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ )‪/٥٦‬ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻄﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻷﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺼﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺼﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺼﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺬﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺬﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ‪.(٦٦٩٦) ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌ ﱠﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‪" :‬ﺃﻥ ﺃﻓﻌﻞ"‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﻣﻦ ﲤﺜﻴﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫ ‪‬ﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺬﻳ ﹺ‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٠١-٣٠٠/٣‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﺻﺎﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮ‪‬ﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٥٦‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻗ‪‬ﺴﻤﻲ ﻧﺬﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﱪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﺬﺭ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺪﺃ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻧﺬﺭ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﺯﺍﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﺐ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﻨﺬﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ )‪ (٢٦٠/٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٩٤/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٩٢٤‬‬

‫ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺼﻮﻣﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﻭﺟﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﺎﳊﻨﺚ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﳝﲔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﷲ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﺑﻄﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﺏ ﺍﳋﻤﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻠﻪ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻧﺬﺭ‬ ‫‪ -٣١٠٧‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺇﹺﻥ ﺃﹶﻋﺎﻧ‪‬ﲏ‬
‫]ﺻﻮﻡ[ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ!‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺷﻜﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﺬﺭ)‪(٥‬؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺃﺿﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻷُﻭﱃ ‪-‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ -‬ﱂ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ]‪‬ﺎ[ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﺿﺎﻓﻬﺎ)‪ (٦‬ﻭﻋﻘﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺲ ﺑﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺷﻜﺮ)‪.(٩‬‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ /‬ﻭﺛﻴﻘ ﹰﺔ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺗﻌﺎ‪‬ﺑﺎ)‪ (٨‬ﻟﺒﺪﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻘﻀﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺬ ‪‬ﺭ ﻟﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٠٨‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﷲ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ‪-‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻧﺬﺭ)‪ -(١٠‬ﺃﻥ ﺃﺻﻮ ‪‬ﻡ!‪ ،‬ﺃﹶﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪@ :‬ﷲ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻧﺬﺭ!؛ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ)‪ (١١‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ‪ (١٢)/‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٠٩‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﷲ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻧﺬﺭ!)‪ (١٣‬ﻭﱂ)‪ (١٤‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﻪ ﳐﺮ ‪‬ﺟﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﻞ @ﺇﻥ ﻓﻌﻠﺖ! ﺃﻭ @ﱂ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻌﻞ!‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺬﺭ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪@ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ!‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ)‪ (١٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ!‪ ..‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻧﺬﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(٦٥٩/٣‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺃﻗﻀﻚ ﺣﻘﻚ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﺍﳌﺸﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﷲ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﻷﳝﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻻ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﻨﺬﻭﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻋﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻧﺬﺭﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﺻﺪﻗﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺗﻜﺮﺭﺕ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺇﺗﻌﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺖ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٩٨/٣‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺬﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻧﺬﺭﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٣١٩‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻧﺬﺭﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﱂ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻮ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٩٢٥‬‬

‫‪] -٣١١٠‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﷲ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻧﺬﺭ ﺇﻥ ﺷﻔﺎﱐ ﺍﷲ! ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﻢ ﻟﻪ ﳐﺮ ‪‬ﺟﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻜﻔﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﳝﲔ[)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٣١١١‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﷲ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻧﺬﺭ ﺇﻥ ﺷﻔﺎﱐ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺻﻮﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺻﻠﻲ! ﺃﻭ ﳓﻮ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺀ‬
‫]ﺑﻪ[‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪] -٣١١٢‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﺭ ﰲ ﺻﻮﻣﻪ ]ﻳﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ[)ﺯ( ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻔﺎﺕ)‪ ..(٤‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻀﺎﺅﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺻﻮ ﹺﻡ‬
‫]ﻳﻮ ﹴﻡ[)ﺯ( ﺑﻐﲑ ﻋﻴﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻓﺎ ِﺀ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻧﺬﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋ ‪‬ﺔ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ[)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪] -٣١١٣‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺻﺪﻗﺔ ﻃﻌﺎ ﹴﻡ ﺑﻌﻴﹺﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﺘ ﹺﻖ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑﻌﻴﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪) ..‬ﻓﻜﺬﻟﻚ()‪(٦‬؛‬
‫ﻁ ﰲ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﹺﺑ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ﹴﻖ)‪ (٧‬ﹺﺑﻘﻴﻤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶ‬
‫ﻁ ﰲ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺟﻪ‪..‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭﻗﺪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ[‪.‬‬
‫‪] -٣١١٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ [:‬ﻭﻧﺬﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ]ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ[‪@ :‬ﷲ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻧﺬﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺷﺮﺏ ﲬ ‪‬ﺮﺍ!‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‪:‬‬
‫ﻼ! )ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ‪ (١٠‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﻲ ﺍﷲ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫@ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺃﺷﺮﺏ!)‪ ،(٨‬ﺃﻭ‪)@ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﺘﻞ‪ (٩‬ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ؛ )ﻷﻥ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ‪ (١١‬ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ ﷲ)‪.(١٢‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻭﻣﻴﺜﺎﹸﻗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻛﻔﺎﹶﻟ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ!‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٣١١٥‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ @ :‬ﻋﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻬ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍ ِ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(٦٥٥/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٥٥/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٩٦/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ "ﻧﺬﺭ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﺯﺍﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﺘﺰ ‪‬ﻡ ﻗﺮﺑ ﹰﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠ ‪‬ﺔ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﻓﺎﻉ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﻔﻰ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻳﻀﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺯﻗﲏ ﻭﻟﺪﺍ ﻓﻠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻋﺘﺎﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻮﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺣﺼﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺀ ﲟﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻡ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪:(٢٩٤-٢٩٣/٣‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٠٨/١١‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ‪ :‬ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﺃﻭﳍﺎ ﳏﺘﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺀ ﻭﻟﻠﻴﺎﺀ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﷲ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻧﺬﺭ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺃﺷﺮﺏ ﺍﳋﻤﺮ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻗﺘﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺷﺒﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪" :‬ﻻ ﻓﻌﻠﺘﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺃﺻﻠﻬﺎ‪" :‬ﻷﻥ ‪‬ﻓ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٥٩/٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٥٥٣‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٥٧-٣٥٦/٤‬‬
‫‪ ٩٢٦‬‬

‫ﻼ[‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﺑﻴﻤﲔ؛ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻧﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺜﻞ‬

‫ﷲ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻦ ]ﻓﻌ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -٣١١٦‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﻗﺴ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟ ﹴﻞ ﺑﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪@ :‬ﺃﻧﺸﺪﻙ)‪ (٢‬ﺑﺎﷲ!)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻬﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ﹺﺰ ‪‬ﻡ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻷَﻓﻌﻠﻦ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‪ :‬ﻟﹶﻴﻔﻌﻠ ‪‬ﻦ ﻏﲑﻱ! ﰒ)‪ (٤‬ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫‪ -٣١١٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﹸﺃ ﹾﻗ ِ‬
‫ﲔ)‪.(٥‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﹸﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﹶﺭﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﺑﺬﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ‪‬ﻩ ﻣﺎ ﺣﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣١١٨‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺃﻗﺴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ)‪ :(٦‬ﺃﺷﻬﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ)‪ :(٧‬ﺃﻋﺰﻡ!‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﻞ‪@ :‬ﺑﺎﷲ!‪] ،‬ﻭﻧﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﺷﻲ َﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ[)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪] -٣١١٩‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ[)‪.(٩‬‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺍﷲ‪ ..#‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ‬ ‫‪] -٣١٢٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﺃﷲ‪ ،#‬ﺃﻭ ‪$‬ﺗﺎﷲ‪ ،#‬ﺃﻭ ‪$‬ﺑﺎﷲ‪ [،#‬ﺃﻭ ‪$‬ﺍﱘ ﺍﷲ‪ ،#‬ﺃﻭ ‪$‬ﻫﺎﱘ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪$ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ‪.(١١)#‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٥٢/٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٦/١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺸﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٥٢/٨‬ﻭﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩٠‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ‪‬ﺎ ﳝﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﳝﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٤/١١‬ﺇﻥ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺼﺪ ﻋﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺎﻃﺐ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﺑﻴﻤﲔ ﰲ ﺣﻖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺼﺪ ﻋﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﳝﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٥٢/٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤/١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٥١/٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٥/١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ‪ ، ‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٤٩/٨‬ﻣﻊ ‪ (١٨٦‬ﺍﳌﺪﻭﻧﺔ )‪ (٥٨٠/١‬ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻊ )‪(٣٨٢/١‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ )‪ (٢٧٤/٤‬ﺍﳌﻌﻮﻧﺔ )‪ (٦٣١/١‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﻬﺎﺕ )ﺹ‪.(٢٣٣‬‬
‫ﷲ‪ .‬ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ )‪) (١٣٢/٣٤‬ﻫﻴﻢ(‪ .‬ﻭﱂ ﺃﺟﺪ )ﻫﺎﱘ ﺍﷲ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﷲ‪ :‬ﻟﻐﺔ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍ ِ‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻫ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﲔ ﻭﺇﹺﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻮ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٥٢/٨‬ﻭ)‪ (٦٧٠/٦‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬ ‫)‪ (١١‬ﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﷲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٨-٧/١١‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﷲ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻤﲔ ﺇﻥ ﻧﻮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٧٠/٦‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٢٩٠‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﱘ ﺍﷲ‪ ..‬ﺃﻭ ﻫﺎﺋﻢ ﺍﷲ‪ ..‬ﻓﻴﻤﲔ ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻮ‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٦٧٠/٦‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪(١٥/١١‬‬
‫ﺟﻌﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ @ﺃﱘ ﺍﷲ!‪ ،‬ﳝﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻧﻮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﻃﻠﻖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﺑﻴﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺻﺢ"‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٩٢٧‬‬

‫‪ -٣١٢١‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺃﺣﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﷲ!‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٢٢‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‪ :‬ﻭﺳﻮﺭﺓ)‪ (٢‬ﻛﺬﺍ!‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪(٣‬؛ َﻷ ﱠﻥ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﷲ‬
‫ﺼﻤ‪‬ﺖ‪.(٤)#‬‬
‫ﷲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺑﹺﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ $ :‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺣﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٢٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ)‪ (٦‬ﺍﷲ!‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﺡ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻤﲔ)‪ (٩‬ﰒ ﺣﻨﺚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪ -٣١٢٤‬ﻷﻥ )ﺃﺻﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ :(٨‬ﺃﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺣﻠﻒ ﺑﺸﻲ ٍﺀ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ)‪ ،(١٠‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﺮﺡ‪ (١١)/‬ﺑﻪ‪..‬‬
‫ﻟﺰﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﲟﺎ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪ ..(١٢)/‬ﱂ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ‪/١٤٩)/‬ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺬﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﳝﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٥١/٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ :(٢٩٠‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻗﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ ...‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻮﻋﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻓﻠﻴﺴﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺳﺄﺣﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ‪ : ‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻹﻣﻼﺀ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﳝﲔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﳝﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻹﺧﺒﺎﺭ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﻴﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻃﻠﻖ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﳝﲔ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٤/١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺳﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (١٣/١١‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻨﻌﻘﺪ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ، ‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺬﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻻ ﲢﻠﻔﻮﺍ ﺑﺂﺑﺎﺋﻜﻢ‪،‬‬
‫)‪ ،(٦٦٤٦‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﳝﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﻠﻒ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺍﷲ‪ ،(١٦٤٦ /٣) ،‬ﻭﻟﻔﻆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪$ :‬ﺃﻻ ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻳﻨﻬﺎﻛﻢ ﺃﻥ ﲢﻠﻔﻮﺍ ﺑﺂﺑﺎﺋﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﻟﻔﹰﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺤﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻴﺼﻤﺖ‪ ،#‬ﻭﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻌﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٥١/٨‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺍﷲ!؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﳝﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳﺮﹺﺩ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‪..‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﻞ ﻏ ‪‬ﲑ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪@ :‬ﻟﻌﻤﺮﻱ! ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﳊﻘﱢﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪(٢٩٠‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﻴﻤﲔ؛ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(١٦/١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺻﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻤﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ١٣١/٢‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ٧/١١‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ( ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٥٤٤‬ﻣﻐﲏ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٣٢١-٣٢٠/٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٥٦‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٣٢٠‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٩٢٨‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٢٥‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺃﹶﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‪ :‬ﻛﻔﺮﺕ ﺑﺎﷲ! ﰒ ﺣﻨﺚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮ‬
‫ﺍﷲ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٢٦‬ﻭﻋﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﳛﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺃﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ (٣‬ﰒ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ ..(٤‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٢٧‬ﻭﻟﻐﻮ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ)‪ :(٦‬ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪@ :‬ﻻ ﻭﺍﷲ!‪ ،‬ﻭ@ﺑﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﷲ! ﻏﲑ ﻋﺎﻗﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻫﺬﺍ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﻚ‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻲ ِﺀ )‪‬ﻳﺮ‪‬ﻯ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﻛﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ‪] (٩‬ﻋﻠﻰ[ ﺧﻼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ -٣١٢٨‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺣﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜ ﱠﻔﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹸﺓ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٢٩‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻐﻮ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ)‪.(١)(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٤٥٩-٤٥٨/١٥‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٢٤/٤‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٧/١١‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺚ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺇﻥ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺪ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬‫ﺇﻥ ﻓﻌﻠﺖ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻓﺄﻧﺎ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻱ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺼﺮﺍﱐ‪ ...‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﳝﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻛﻔﺎﺭ ﹶﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻛﺎﻓﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻔﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻓﻠﻴﻘﻞ‪@ :‬ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﷲ!‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺪﻝ ﲟﺎ ﺛﺒﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪$ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻠﻒ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ‬
‫ﺣﻠﻔﻪ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻯ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﻘﻞ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ‪."#‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺇﻳﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﻌﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻋﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢٠/١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﳝﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٥٥/٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩٠‬ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )‪ (٢٨٨/١٥‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣/١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٥٤/٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺆﺍﺧﺬﻛﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﻮ ﰲ ﺃﳝﺎﻧﻜﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﺭﻓﻌﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪(٤٣٣٣ :١٧٦/١٠) ‬‬
‫ﺻ‪‬‬‫)‪ (٤٦١٣‬ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﺤﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﲏ ﻭﻗﻔﻪ )‪.(١٤٦/١٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪" :‬ﻳﺮﺍﻩ ﻛﺬﺍ ﰒ ﳚﺪﻩ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٥١/٨‬ﻭ‪ ٦١/٧) (٦٧٩‬ﻭ‪ ٢٤٢‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ‬
‫)‪ ٣/١١‬ﻣﻊ ‪ ،(٧٩-٧٨‬ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ (٣٢٥/٤‬ﻣﻊ )‪.(٣٢٦/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻷﳝﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٩٢٩‬‬

‫‪ -٣١٣٠‬ﻭﺗﻮﻛﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﳛﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﺸﻲ ِﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﺃﻻ)‪ (٣‬ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻪ‪..‬‬
‫ﲔ ﻛﻔﺎﺭ ﹲﺓ‪ ،(٤‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﻳﺮ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ )ﰲ ﻛ ﱢﻞ ﳝ ﹴ‬
‫‪ -٣١٣١‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﺣﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺃﻻ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠﻬﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻛ ﱠﻔﺎﺭ ﹲﺓ)‪(٦‬؛‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﰒ ﻳﻜﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻠﻒ ﺑﻄﻼﻗﻪ)‪ (٧‬ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺃﻻ ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺫﻟﻚ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﻳ ‪‬ﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹰﻘﺎ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﺑ ‪‬ﻌﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺳﻜﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‬ ‫‪ -٣١٣٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﱡﺜﻨ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻤ ﹺ‬
‫ﲔ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ؛ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺛﻨﻴﺎ ﻟﻪ؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ) ‪‬ﺳﻜﺎ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﺔ ﲤﺘﻤﺔ‪ ،(١٠‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻧﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﻧﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ)‪ (١١‬ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﻄﻊ‬
‫ﳝﻴﻨﻪ)‪.(١٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﰲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻻ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﳝﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﺐ ﺗﻌﺪ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺘﺨﻠﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﻜﻔﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻙ ﰲ‬
‫ﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻲﺀٍ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﻤ ﹺ‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﻼ ﲟﺎ ﺗﻘﺘﻀﻴﻪ @ﻛﻠﻤﺎ!‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ،(٨٩/٧‬ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻚ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻣﺮﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬ ‫ﳓﻮ‪ُ :‬ﻷ ‪‬ﺳﱢﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﱪﺍﻣﻠﺴﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪ ،(١٨١/٨‬ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٢٠/١٠‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٨٢/١١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺞ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ!‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﳝﲔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻧﻮﻯ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﳝﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻃﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻞ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺑﺎﳊﻨﺚ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻡ‬
‫ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺗﺎﻥ؟ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﺖ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‪ : -‬ﺍﻷﺻﺢ‪ :‬ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻻ ﻭﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ﱡﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪.(٤٥/١٠‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺑﻄﻠﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٩‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺳﻜﺎﺗﺔ ﲤﺘﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺳﻜﺎﺗﻪ ﺗﺘﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪" :‬ﺑﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٥٣/٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩٠‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٤/١١‬‬
‫‪ ٩٣٠‬‬

‫‪ -٣١٣٣‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻨﻔﻊ)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﱡﺜ‪‬ﻨﻴﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻮﻳﻬﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬ﺪ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺒ ﹶﻞ ﺃﹶﻥ ﻳﻔﺮ ﹶ‬
‫ﻍ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻓﹶﺄﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨﻮﹺﻫﺎ)‪ (٥‬ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻨﻔﻌﻪ ]ﰲ[ ﻃﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻋﺘﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻧﺬﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳝﲔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﷲ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٣٤‬ﻭﺍﻟﱡﺜ‪‬ﻨﻴﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﻕ ﻭ)‪ (٧‬ﺍﳌﺸﻲ‪ ..‬ﹶﻛ ﹺﻬ ‪‬ﻲ)‪ (٨‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﺑﺎﷲ)‪.(٩‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٣٥‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﲎ ]ﺑﺎﷲ[‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ؛ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻞ‪) ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪.(١٠‬‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٣٦‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺣﻠﻒ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ!‪ (١١)/‬ﺃﻭ @ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﷲ! ﺃﻭ @ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻀﻲ‬
‫ﺍﷲ! ﺃﻭ @ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺐ ﺍﷲ! ﺃﻭ @ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺸﺄ ﺍﷲ!‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪@ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ!‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪@ :‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﳛﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻴﲏ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺫﻟﻚ!‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٣٧‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺃﻗﺪﺭ!‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ @ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ! ﺃﻭ @ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺃﻗﻮﻯ!‪ /‬ﺃﻭ @ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺃﻛﻠﻤﻚ ﻭ)‪ (١٣‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻗﺪﺭ! )‪ (١٤‬ﺃﻭ ]ﻭ[ ﺃﻧﺎ)‪ (١٥‬ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ! ﺃﻭ @ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻏﻠﺐ!؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﻪ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻔﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻘﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻮﻳﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻮﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٩١/٨‬ﻫﻞ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺑﺄﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ؟ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ؛ )ﻭﺫﻛﺮﳘﺎ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ( ﺍﻷﺻﺢ‪:‬‬
‫ﺚ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺑﺸﺮﻁ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﺮﺍﻍ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺃﻭﳍﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺛﺎﻟ ﹲ‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻗﻮ ﹲﻝ ﻻ ﻭﺟﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﰲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﻬﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٥٣/٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(١٩٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺸﺄ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٣٢١‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺾ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺣﻠﻒ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻠﻤﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻻ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٩٣١‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ)‪ .. (١‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺩﻩ)‪ (٢‬ﻭﱂ ﲢﻀﺮﻩ)‪ (٣‬ﻧﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺳﺒﺐ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ؛ ﺇﹺﻥ ﺷﺎ َﺀ ﺃﹶﻋﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ﺭﻗﺒ ﹰﺔ ﻣﺆﻣﻨ ﹰﺔ)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ)‪ (٥‬ﻣﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫ﲔ ﺑﺎ ِ‬
‫‪ -٣١٣٨‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺣﻨﺚ ﰲ ﳝ ﹴ‬
‫ﻁ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻖ ﻣﺪﺑﺮﻩ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ)‪.(٩)(٨‬‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﺃﻡ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻟﻪ)‪ (٦‬ﻭﻻ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺘ ﹸﻘ ‪‬ﻪ ﹺﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٣٩‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﻛﺴﺎ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻣﺴﺎﻛﲔ؛ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﺭﺟﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﻧﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﺻﺒﻴﺎﻥ)‪،(١٠‬‬
‫ﺏ[ ﻟﻜ ﱢﻞ ﻭﺍﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ]ﻣﻨﻬﻢ[‪ ،‬ﻳﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻮﺭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺮ ‪‬ﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺒ ‪‬ﺔ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫ﺏ ]ﺛﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺛﻮ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﺀ ﺃﻃﻌﻢ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻣﺴﺎﻛﲔ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺃﺣﺮﺍﺭ؛ ﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﻜﲔ؛ ﺣﻨﻄﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪ -٣١٤٠‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺄﻛﻞ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻼ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻷﻭﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳛﻀﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﲡﻮﺯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(١٦٠/٨‬ﰲ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺒﻴﻊ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٤٣٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﺰﺉ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻖ ﻋﺘﻘﻪ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٦١/٨‬ﻭﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩٢‬ﻓﻔﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻭﳚﺰﺉ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻖ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻨﲔ" ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪" :(٤٣٨‬ﻭﳚﺰﺉ ﻣﺪﺑﺮ ﻭﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﻴﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٦١-١٦٠/٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ٢٨٦/٨‬ﻭ‪ (٢٨٨‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٤٣٨‬‬

‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٥٨/٨‬ﻭ‪ (١٦٠-١٥٩‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩٢‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢٢/١١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫)ﺹ‪.(٥٤٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٢٢/١١‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﺛﻮﺏ؛ ﻗﻤﻴﺺ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺮﺍﻭﻳﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻤﺎﻣﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺟﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻗﺒﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻘﻨﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺯﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺩﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻃﻴﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﻲ ﻗﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺳﺎﺗﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﲝﻴﺚ ﺗﺼﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ...‬ﻭﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪" :(٨/١٥‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺣﻜﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬ﻌﻄﹶﻰ ﺳﺎﺗﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﻟﻠﻌﻮﺭﺓ ﲝﻴﺚ ﺗﺼﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ؛ ﻓﻴﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻵﺧﺬ ﻭﺃﻧﻮﺛﺘﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ١٥٧/٨‬ﻭ‪ (١٥٩‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪.(٥٤٥‬‬
‫‪ ٩٣٢‬‬

‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬

‫ﻓﺮﻗﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎ ‪‬ﻋﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻲ ٍﺀ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..‬ﺻﺎﻡ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪ -٣١٤١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﻮ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻌﻢ ﲬﺴ ﹰﺔ ﻭﻳﻜﺴﻮ ﲬﺴ ﹰﺔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭ؛ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺃﻃﻌﻢ‬ ‫‪ -٣١٤٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﲬﺴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳋﻤﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﻛﺴﺎ ﲬﺴﺔ)‪ (٦‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﳋﻤﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫ﻚ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺫﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٤٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺍﻟ ﱠﻄﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪-‬ﺇﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻛﲔ‪ ..-‬ﹶﻛ ﹺﺮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٤٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻭﺟﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺟﻬﺎ)‪ (٩‬ﺇﱃ)‪ (١٠‬ﻣﺴﺎﻛﲔ ﺑﺄﻋﻴﺎ‪‬ﻢ)‪ ،(١١‬ﰒ ﻭﺟﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻓﺄﻋﻄﺎﻫﻢ)‪] (١٢‬ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ[‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ ]ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺎﺩﺍﻣﻮﺍ ﻣﺴﺎﻛﲔ[‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺜﺮﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺍﺕ)‪.(١٣‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٤٥‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻭﺟﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻌﻢ ﻛﻞ)‪ (١٤‬ﻣﺴﻜﲔ ﻣ ‪‬ﺪﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ..(١)/‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺍﻣﻮﺍ ﻣﺴﺎﻛﲔ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‪ :‬ﻳﻘﻮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪.(١٦١/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٦١/٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٢١/١١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ )ﺹ‪ (٥٤٦‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻤﺴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٥٨/٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٢١/١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﳌﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﻜﲔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪ ﹰﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺋﻪ ﳌﺴﻜﲔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٠٦/٨‬ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺟﻪ ﺩﻓﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪..‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻔﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻈﺎﻫﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟـ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺑﺄﻋﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻋﻄﺎﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٠٦/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻟﻜﻞ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٩٣٣‬‬

‫ﻒ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﻟﻪ‪..‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٤٦‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﻋﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ﺷ‪‬ﺮ ﹰﻛﺎ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﻋﺒ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ..‬ﻳﻌﺘﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﹶﻋﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ﻧﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺔ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﱂ ﳚﺰﺋﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﹶﻥ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻖ ﻋﻦ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ)‪.(٦‬‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻋﺘﻖ)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ‪ (٤)/‬ﺑﺎﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ)‪ (٧‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‬
‫ﺚ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳊﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻜ ﱢﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳊﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻓﺄﹶﺭﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﳊﻨ ﹶ‬
‫‪ -٣١٤٧‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺣﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻭﺣﺪ‪‬ﻫﺎ‪/١٥٠)/‬ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ِ‬
‫‪ -٣١٤٨‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻃﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺮﺍ‪‬ﺑﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻟﻪ ﺣﻼﻝ)‪.(٨‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٣٢٢‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٠٦/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻋﺘﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٥٧‬ﺃ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ‬ﺍﳌﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻖ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻋﺘﻖ ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺑﲔ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺀ‪ ،(٢٥٢٢) ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ $ :‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﹶ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮﻛﹰﺎ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻓﻜﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹲﻝ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﹺﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﻠ ﹸﻎ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ‪ ..‬ﹸﻗﻮ‪ ‬ﻡ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ﹴﻝ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻋﻄﹶﻰ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮﻛﹶﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻖ‪ ،#‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.(١٥٠١) ،‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮﻙ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍ ٌﺀ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ﺇﱃ ﲨﻠﺘﻪ ﺃﻡ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺼﻴﺒﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ؛ ﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺮﺍﻳﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫)‪" (٦‬ﺇﻋﺘﺎﻕ ﺍ ﹸﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﺰﺉ ﻋﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺼﻴﺒﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ؛ ﻷﻥ ﻧﺼﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻚ ﻋﺘﻖ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻉ ﻻ ﺑﺈﻋﺘﺎﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ...‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﻮﻯ ﻋﺘﻖ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪ ...‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺘ ‪‬ﻖ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻧﺼﻴﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﻮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻨﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺣﻜﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﺘﻘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﻲﺀ ﰲ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ‬
‫ﻧﺼﻴﺒﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﰲ ﺇﻋﺘﺎﻕ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻜﻰ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬
‫ﻳﻨﺼﺮﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﺗﺒﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻨﺼﻴﺒﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺒﻌﻪ ﰲ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻖ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪:(٢٩٠-٢٨٩/٨‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹺﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻲ ﻟﻮ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻔﺮ ﺣﱴ ﳛﻨﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﻔﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳊﻨﺚ ﺑﺈﻃﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫)‪ (٧‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٦٣/٧) (١٥٥/٨‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪" :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫)ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ‪ :‬ﺑﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ(‪ ..‬ﺭﺟﻮﺕ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺰﺉ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﻔﺮ ﺑﺼﻮﻡ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳊﻨﺚ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳚﺰ ﻋﻨﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢٩١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(١٧/١١‬ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻔﲑ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳊﻨﺚ ﺇﻥ ﹶﻛ ﱠﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻡ ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻦ ﺍﳊﻨﺚ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻔﲑ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﻨﺚ ﻟﻴﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ‪ ‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻛﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﺎﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺗﻘﺪﳝﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻨﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭﻗﻮ ﹲﻝ ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﱘ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ﳚﻮﺯ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺻﻴﺎﻡ ﻭﻻ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻗﻮ ﹲﻝ ﺟﺪﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ٢٦٢/٥) (٦٦٠/٦‬ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺭ(‪" :‬ﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﱄ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺟﻮﺍﺭﻳﻪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﳛﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٣٠/٨‬ﻫﻮ ﻟﻐ ‪‬ﻮ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﹲﺓ ﻭﻻ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٩٣٤‬‬

‫‪ -٣١٤٩‬ﻭﻣﻦ)‪ (١‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻣﺎﱄ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ!‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ @ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻛﲔ!‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ @ﰲ ﺭﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ!‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫@ﻫﺪﻱ!‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ؛‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﺟﺒﻪ)‪ ..(٢‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺟﻪ‪] ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭ)‪ ..(٣‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻠﺚ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﰊ ﻟﺒﺎﺑﺔ)‪ ،[(٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ)‪.(٦) (٥‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٥٠‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ]ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ[ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺯﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ، ‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﻄﺎﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ﻧﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ!‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ‬ ‫‪ -٣١٥١‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺃﳓﺮ ﻭﻟﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ)‪.(١٠‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻭﺟﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻟﺒﺎﺑﺔ ﺣﲔ ﺗﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻫﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺻﺒﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﹸﺃﺟﺎﻭﺭﻙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﳔﻠﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﱄ ﺻﺪﻗﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺇﱃ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪$ : ‬ﳚﺰﻳﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ‪.#‬‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ (٤٨١/٢‬ﻭﺃﲪﺪ )‪ (١٥٧٥٠ :٢٧/٢٥‬ﻭ)‪ (١٦٠٨٠ :٤٨٨/٢٥‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺬﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﻧﺬﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺼﺪﻕ ﲟﺎﻟﻪ )‪ (٣٣٢٠‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻣﻲ )‪ (٤٧٩/١‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪:٧٤/٩‬‬
‫‪ (١٦٣٩٧‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ )‪ (٣٣٧١ :١٦٥/٨‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ )‪.(١٨١/٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﺴ‪‬ﻨﻪ ﳏﻘﻘﻮ ﺍﳌﺴﻨﺪ ﺑﺸﻮﺍﻫﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺴﲔ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ ﺃﺳﺪ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻪ ﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻣﻲ )‪" :(١٠٣٢/٢‬ﰲ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﺘﺎﻥ‪ ...‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٥٨-٦٥٦/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٥٠/٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٥٦/٣‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٢٩٧‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ‪ : ‬ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ )‪ ١٥٩٨٧ :٤٨٣/٨‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺛﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻄﺎﺀ ‪ ‬ﰲ )‪ (١٥٩٩٢ :٤٨٤/٨‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ‪ ‬ﰲ )‪ ١٥٩٩٠ :٤٨٣/٨‬ﻭ ‪.(١٥٩٩٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﳓﺮ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ( ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﰲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٥٩/٣‬ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ )‪.(٤٤٣/٨‬‬
 ‫‪٩٣٥‬‬

‫‪ -٣١٥٢‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﺮﺟﻞ)‪@ :(١‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻫﺪﻳﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﷲ‪] ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﲪﻠﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﷲ[!‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﰲ ﻧﺬﺭ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ)‪ :(٢‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺞ ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤﹸﻠﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ‪..‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﺤﺞ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳊﺞ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳛﻤﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٥٣‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺸ ‪‬ﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﷲِ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﹺﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﹺﱃ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﹺﱃ ﺍﳊﺮﻡﹺ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ )ﺃﻥ ﳝﺸﻲ‪ ،(٣‬ﻓﺈﻥ)‪ (٤‬ﻋﺠﺰ‪ ..‬ﺭﻛﺐ ﻭﺍﻓﺘﺪﻯ)‪.(٦)(٥‬‬ ‫ﺃﹶﺭﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻜ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٥٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ)‪ (٧‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻋﻘﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﳝﲔ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﳝﲔ)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻭﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻋﻄﺎﺀ)‪ (٩‬ﻭ]ﻋﻦ[ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ)‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٥٥‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺣﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﳌﺸﻲ)‪] ..(١١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ[‪ ..‬ﻣﺸﻰ ﰲ ﺣﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ‪ ..‬ﻣﺸﻰ ﰲ ﻋﻤﺮﺓ‪(١٢)/‬؛‬
‫]ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﺸﻰ ﰲ ﺣﺞ‪ ..‬ﻣﺸﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﻚ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻔﻴﺾ ﻣﺎﺷ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﺸﻰ ﰲ ﻋﻤﺮﺓ[ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻃﺎﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻌﻰ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﻀﻰ ﻣﺸﻴﻪ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺸﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻫﺪﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٥٨/٣‬ﻭ)‪ ،(٤٢١/٨‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ ،(٢٩٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ٣٢٠/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٣٢٤‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﳌﺸﻲﹺ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﻛﺐ ﻟﻌﺬﺭ‪ ..‬ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﻼ ﻋﺬﺭ‪..‬‬ ‫)ﺹ‪ ،(٥٥٥‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻷَﻇﻬ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﺟﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﺟﺰﺃﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻏﲑ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﳝﲔ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٥٩-٦٥٨/٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ" ﻓﺬﻛﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻏﲑ ﻋﻄﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺸﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﺬﺭﻩ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮﺭ‪‬ﺍ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻃﺎﻭﻭﺱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٥٩-٦٥٨/٣‬ﻭﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩٧‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺳﺒﻖ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﻀﻊ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٣٢٣‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٩٣٦‬‬

‫‪ -٣١٥٦‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻬﻞ ﺑﺎﳊﺞ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﳊﺞ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﻌﻞ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻫﻼﻟﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻤﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﺸﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻣﱴ ﺷﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٥٧‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺬﺭ ﺃﻥ ﳝﺸﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﷲ ﺣﺎﻓ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪ ..‬ﻓﻠﻴﻨﺘﻌﻞ ﻭﳝﺸﻲ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٥٨‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺸﻲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ)‪ ..(٣‬ﻓﻠﻴﻤﺶ ﰲ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺓ)‪ (٤‬ﰒ ‪‬ﻳ ﹺﻬ ﱡﻞ ﺑﺎﳊ ‪‬ﺞ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺣﻠﻮ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻪ‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﺓ ]ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺔ[ ﻓﻴﺠﺰﺋﻪ ﻣﻦ )ﻣﺸﻴﻪ ﻭ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٥٩‬ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﻞ)‪ (٦‬ﺍ ﹶﳌ ‪‬ﻄ ‪‬ﻲ ﺇﻻ ﺇﱃ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﺟﺪ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺑﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٦٠‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺬﺭ ﺃﻥ ﳝﺸﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ ﺃﻭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ..‬ﺭﻛﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ ،(٦٦١/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ٣٢٠/٣‬ﻭ‪ (٣٢٥‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲢﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﻲ ﺑﺎﻹﻓﺎﺿﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺝ ﺇﻥ ﺭﺗﺐ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻨﻮﻥ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﺇﺷﻜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺇﻥ ﺑﺪﺃ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻮﺍﻑ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﳏﺮﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻳﺮﻣﻲ ﺃﻭ ﳛﻠﻖ ﻓﻴﺘﺤﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺑﺄﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﳛﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩﻩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻻ ﳎﺮﺩ ﻃﻮﺍﻑ ﺍﻹﻓﺎﺿﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٣٢٣/٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺃﺳﲎ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺐ )‪" :(٥٨٦/١‬ﺇﻥ ﻧﺬﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻚ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻓﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻨﻌﻘﺪ ﻧﺬﺭ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﺀ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻘﺮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻌﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﺀ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻘﺮﺑﺔ‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺞ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺣﺎﻓﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍ َﻷﺻﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻘﺘﻀﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻠﲔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺎﻓﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻧﺬﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﺏ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺈﻃﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻧﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﻮﻱ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ" ﻭﰲ ﻣﻐﲏ ﺍﶈﺘﺎﺝ )‪" :(٣٦٤/٤‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﻣﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻣﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺚ ﳒﺎﺳﺔ ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﳛﺼﻞ ﻣﺸﻘﺔ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﺏ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﺀ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻑ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ )ﺃ(‪:‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺮﺗﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﺠﻪ ﻭﻣﺸﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻧﺺ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻭﺑﻨﺤﻮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ )‪ ،(١٠٩/١‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؛‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻙ‪ :‬ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺏ‪ :‬ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ )‪ ،(١١٨٩‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺞ‪،‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﺸﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﺎﻝ ﺇﻻ ﺇﱃ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﺟﺪ )‪.(١٣٩٧/٥١١‬‬
 ‫‪٩٣٧‬‬

‫‪ -٣١٦١‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺬﺭ)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻥ ﳝﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﻞ @ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﷲ! ﻭﻧﻮﺍﻩ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ‪ /‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪@ :‬ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﷲ!‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﻨﻮﻩ)‪ ..(٣‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٦٢‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ @ :‬ﻋﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﳌﺸﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﷲ! ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﻠﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻮﻱ)‪ (٥‬ﻏﲑﻩ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٦٣‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺬﺭ ﺻﻼ ﹰﺓ ]ﰲ[ ﻳﻮ ﹴﻡ ﺑﻌﻴﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ)‪ ..(٧‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﻩ‪ ..‬ﻗﻀﺎﻩ ﰲ ﻏﲑﻩ)‪.(٨‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٦٤‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺬ ‪‬ﺭ ﺃﹶﻥ ﻳﺼﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ]ﰲ[ ﺑﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍ ‪‬ﻥ ‪-‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﺑﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺎﺩ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ‪-‬‬
‫ﺼ ﱢﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ؛ ﺇﻻ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ ..‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﺰﻭﻡ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٦٣/٣‬ﻭﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪" :(٢٩٧‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﹺﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻲ‪ ...‬ﺃﹶﻥ ﳝﺸﻲ‪ ...‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺒﲔ ﱄ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻭﺟﺐ ﺍﳌﺸﻲ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ‬ﻭﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺒﲔ ﱄ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻭﺟﺐ ﺍﳌﺸﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ؛ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﱪ ﺑﺈﺗﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱪ ﺑﺈﺗﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻠﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﻠﺰﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺀ ﺑﻨﺬﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ )‪ ٢٥٣/١‬ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ( ﻭﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻴﻪ‬
‫)‪ (٣١٥/٨‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺻﺮﺡ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺍﳌﺸﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺰﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﻠﺰﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺗﻴﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ ﻭﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﳌﻦ ﻧﺬﺭﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٣٨٨/١٢‬ﻭﺭﻭﺿﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ ،(٣٢٥/٣‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ )‪ (٣٩١/١٢‬ﻭﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪" :(٣٢٦/٣‬ﻟﻮ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺸﻲ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻭﺟﺒﻨﺎ ﺍﻹﺗﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻔﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﳌﺸﻲ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺃﺻﺤﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺏ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺏ ﻗﻮ ﹲﻝ ﻻ ﻭﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺻﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﻮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ )‪ (٢٠٠/٩‬ﻭﻋﺰﺍﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺣﻠﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٢‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٣‬‬
‫ﺺ ﻹﻣﺎ ﹺﻡ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٢٨/٣‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫)‪( ٤‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻮ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٦٣/٣‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٢٤/٣‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ ...،‬ﺃﺻﺤﻬﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻨﻌﻘﺪ ﻧﺬﺭﻩ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ" ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻗﻮ ﹲﻝ ﺟﺰﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﺏ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺻﻴﺎﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﰒ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٠٨/٣‬‬ ‫)‪( ٨‬‬
‫‪ ٩٣٨‬‬

‫ﻱ ﺑﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ‪ -‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮ ﹴﻡ)‪ (٢‬ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺟﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻏ ﹺﲑ ‪‬ﻩ‪ ..-‬ﹶﻓ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٣١٦٥‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺬ ‪‬ﺭ ﺃﹶﻥ ﻳﺼﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﰲ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻓﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ ﻭﺍﻷﺿﺤﻰ‬ ‫‪ -٣١٦٦‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺬﺭ ﺻﻮﻡ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﺻﺎﻡ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻟﺮﻣﻀﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻖ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٦٧‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺬﺭ ﺻﻮﻡ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻋﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﻗﻀﻰ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ ﻭﺍﻷﺿﺤﻰ ﻭﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻖ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٦٨‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ! ﻭﻗﺪ ﻣﻀﻰ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٦٩‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺳﻨﺔ!‪ ..‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ)‪.(٧‬‬
‫)‪(١٠‬‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺎﺑﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫‪ -٣١٧٠‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ‪@ :‬ﺃﻳﺎﻡ!)‪ ،(٨‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﻞ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﻮﻫﺎ‪ ...‬ﺃﺣﺒﺒﺖ ﻟﻪ‪/‬‬
‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺮﻗﹶﻬﺎ‪ ..‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰﹶﺃ ﻋﻨﻪ)‪.(١١‬‬
‫‪] -٣١٧١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺬﺭ ﺻﻮ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺣﺞ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺻﻼﺓ ﻓﻤﺮﺽ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻓﺮﻁ‪ ..‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ[)‪.(١٢‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣٢٧/٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺣﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺍﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٦٦/٣‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣١٠/١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (٦٦٦/٣‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣١١/١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣١١/١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻓﻴﺼﻮﻡ ﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﻳﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﺛﲏ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺷﻬﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﺑﺎﳍﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻧﻜﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﻋﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﻡ‪ ..‬ﻓﻨﺎﻗﺼﻪ ﻛﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‪ ..‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﻤﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﲔ‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻠﺨﺼ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣١١/١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﺃﻳﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺎﻳﺔ ]ﺹ‪ [٣٢٤‬ﻣﻦ )ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﰲ )ﺏ(‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺍﻷﻡ )‪ (١٦١/٨‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٣١٢/١١‬‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻮﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺬﺭ ﺑﻌﺬﺭ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻡ )‪" :(٦٦٦/٣‬ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﷲ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺣﺞ ﻋﺎﻣﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻋﺪﻭ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺑﺲ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﺮﺽ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺴﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‪ ..‬ﻗﻀﺎﻩ‪ ...‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺇﻥ ﻧﺬﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻮﻡ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻤﺮﺽ‪ ..‬ﻗﻀﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻮﻣﻬﺎ" ﻭﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪ (٢٩٧‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫=‬
 ‫‪٩٣٩‬‬

‫‪] -٣١٧٢‬ﻭﺇﹺﻥ ﻧﺬﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﺮﹶﺃ ﹲﺓ ﺻﻼ ﹰﺓ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﹺﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻳﻮ ﹴﻡ ﺑﻌﻴﹺﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‪(١)/‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﺮﻃﺖ ﺣﱴ ﺣﺎﺿﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻁ)‪ (٢‬ﺣﱴ ﺣﺎﺿﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ[‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﹾ‬
‫ﻒ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻟﹶﻴﺬﲝ ‪‬ﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﲑ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻟﹶﻴﻀﺮﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻟﹶﻴﺒﺘﺎﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﹺﺭ‬
‫‪ -٣١٧٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺣﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻟﻄ ‪‬ﲑ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺃﹶﺑ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ‪‬؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬ﻭﱠﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻗ‪‬ﺘﺎ ﻓﺘﻠﻒ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻃﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻀﻲ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ -٣١٧٤‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮﱢﻗﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﹶﻣﻜﻨﻪ ﺃﹶﻥ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‪] ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺋﺖ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻔﺮﻁ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻠﻒ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ[‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٧‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻭﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٠٨/٣‬ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﻋﲔ ﰲ ﻧﺬﺭﻩ ﻳﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﺼﻮﻣﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺄﺧﺮ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺭ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺧﺮ ﺑﻼ ﻋﺬﺭ‪ ..‬ﺃﰒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺧﺮ ﺑﻌﺬﺭ ﺳﻔﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮﺽ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﻳﺄﰒ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺎﻳﺔ )‪/٥٧‬ﺏ( ﻣﻦ )ﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ‪ :‬ﻳﻔﺮﻁ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﰲ )ﺃ( ﻭ)ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﰲ )ﻡ(‪ :‬ﻣﻌﲎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪ (٣٥/١١‬ﺻﻮﺭ ﹰﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺣﻠﻒ ﻟﻴﺸﺮﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺀ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﻭﺓ ﻓﺎﻧﺼﺐ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺸﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻜﻦ‪ ..‬ﻓﻘﻮﻻﻥ؛ ﻛﺎﳌﻜﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﰲ )‪ (٦٧/١١‬ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﺝ ﺣﻨﺜﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﱄ ﺍﳌﻜﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻇﻬﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺣﻠﻒ ﻟﻴﺄﻛﻠﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻏﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﳛﻨﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ"‪ .‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ ﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺼﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﻄﻲ ﰲ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﳑﺎﺛﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺣﻨﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﳉﺎﻫﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺮﻩ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ‪ : ‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺣﻠﻒ ﻟﻴﺄﻛﻠﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻏﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻓﻬﻠﻚ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻏﺪ‪ ..‬ﱂ ﳛﻨﺚ؛ ﻟﻺﻛﺮﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪-‬‬
‫ﺟﻞ ﻭﻋﺰ‪  -‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﳝﺎﻧﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﺮﻩ ﻭﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺑﺎﻹﳝﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻘﻠﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻜﺮﻩ ﻛﻤﺎ ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻘﻠﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻛﺮﺍﻩ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﻠﺐ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺗﻠﻒ ﻣﺎ ﺣﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻴﻔﻌﻠﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﺑﻐﲑ‬
‫ﻓﻌ ﹴﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ..‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﰲ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻛﺮﺍﻩ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ )ﺹ‪.(٢٩٤‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻋﻠﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻹﻛﺮﺍ ‪‬ﻩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺎ ‪‬ﻥ ﺃﻭ‬‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ‪" : ‬ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻭ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﻌ ﹸﻞ ﺍﶈﻠﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﻬ ﹺﻞ‪ ...‬ﻓﻬﻞ ﳛﻨﺚ؟ ﻗﻮﻻﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻇﻬﺮﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳛﻨﺚ"‪ .‬ﺍﻫ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٧٨/١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻱ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﺤﻨﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ )‪.(٦٨/١١‬‬
‫‪ ٩٤٠‬‬

‫ﺽ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺼﱢﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺻﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪‬ﻟ ‪‬ﻌﱠﻠ ‪‬ﺔ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﹴ‬
‫‪] -٣١٧٥‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺬﺭ ﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺲ ﺁﺩﻣ ‪‬ﻲ‪ ..‬ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ[)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﳊﺒ ﹺ‬
‫ﺖ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺣﻠﻮ ﹺﻝ ﻭﻗﺘ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪..‬‬
‫‪] -٣١٧٦‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﹶﺃ ﹰﺓ ﻧﺬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻼ ﹶﺓ ﻓﺤﺎﺿﺖ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﹶﻓ