1

A SEMANTIC FIELD ANALYSIS OF “ADJECTIVES OF

HEALTH” USED IN COSMETIC PRODUCT
ADVERTISEMENTS

A THESIS
Presented to the university of 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya in Partial
Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Sarjana Degree at the Departement of
English language and Literature

Name: VinessaRavinda (611002781)

Faculty of literature

University of 17 Augustus 1945 Surabaya

2014
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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of study

Words are the basic units of language. In linguistics, a word is the

smallest element that may be uttered in isolation with semantic or pragmatic

content (with literal or practical meaning). The words are classified into

eight word categories such as noun, pronoun, verb, adverb, preposition,

conjunction, interjection and adjective.Among the word catagories,

Adjectives are words which modify (describe) noun. The word modify

means to change or add to in some way.

Example:

1. In aphrase: An intelligent student.

Intelligent is an adjective thatmodify the head of the phrase,

‘’student’.

2. In a clause: A student is intelligent.

Intelligent is an adjective that modifiesstudent.

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The examples above is in form of adjective that Phrase and clause.

Phrase is a small group of words that have meaning, but phrase is not

sentencebecause does not have subject and verb. A clause is a group of words

containing a subject and a verb.Adjectives that modifies are not always single

words sometimes they are clause. It is called adjective clause, adjective clause is

a dependent clause that modifies a noun.

3. In aadjective clause: A Student who are intelligent .

Who are intelligent is a adjective clause becauseit is dependent clause

that modifier a noun.

Adjectives function as head in AdjP structure, with the two main

functions of AdjPs in turn being: (1) predicative, complement in copulative

abd complex-transitive constructions (the predicative use of adjectives); (2)

pre-head modifier in NP structure (the attributive use). A third, much less

frequent, function is post-head modifier in NP structure (the postpositive

use).

i[She became] anxious Predicative

ii[An] anxious [parent] Attributive

iii[Anyone] anxious [to leave immediately] Postpositive

There have been on the adjective various data of both spoken and

written. The study was conducted by Normaliza ABD RAHIM, Faculty of

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Modern Languages and Communication, University Putra Malaysia (July

2013) her topic was Adjective Identificationin Television Advertisement.

The present study focuses on the use of adjectives in advertisement.

Advertisement is a paid announcement, as of goods for sale, in newspapers

or magazines on radio or television. Advertisement is a part of promotion

mix (advertising, personal selling, sales promotion and publicist) and

promotion mix is a part of marketing mix (product, price, place, and

promotion). Advertisements has many forms, but in most of them language

is of crucial importance.

Specifically the present study will analyze the adjectives “healthy” that is

used in cosmetic product advertisement. According Merriam Webster (online

dictionary), Healthy means” having good health, not sick or injured or showing

good health or good for your health. For example, the adjectives that associated

with healthy are well, fit, fresh, clean for the synonyms and unhealthy, weak for

antonyms.The reason for choosing the topic of the study is becausenot many

studies have been conducted in semantic field about analysis adjective of

healthyused in cosmetic product advertisements. Thus there is indeed a need for

studies to investigate the use of language and other semantic field in cosmetic

product advertisements. The findings of such research efforts can contribute

further to the field of advertising as well as language and society. Cosmetic

products advertisements use a great amount of adjectives in their description of

the products, the purpose and end-result of using the products.

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For example: ‘’ JERGENS’’ Daily Moisture advertisement

NEW JERGENS DAILY MOISTURE

Makesskin looktwiceas smooth, instantly.

Enriched with silk proteins, it doesn’t just hydrate-

It actually makes skin look noticeably smoother, every day.

The adjective which are used in ‘’Jergens” Daily Moisture

advertisement: smooth. This adjectivesmooth in Oxford Advanced

Learner’s Dictionary, the present author found their lexical meanings.

 Smooth

The basic meaning of Smooth is having an even surface without points,

lumps or rough patches. Smooth is an adjective used to describe things as

possessing flawless skin.

From example ‘’JERGENS’’ Daily Moisture:

Example 1

Makes skinlook twice as smooth,instantly.

Example 2

Enriched with silk proteins, it doesn’t just hydrate-

It actually makes skin look noticeably smoother, every day.

From both of example 1 and 2, smooth modifies noun skin is the effect

afterusing thedaily moisture.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

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Based on the background of the study above, the writer presents some

problems that are going to be answered in this study as follows:

1. What the adjectivesthat assosiated with the concept of “healthy” that

used in cosmetic product advertisement?

2. What is the intended message revealed by the adjectives about cosmetic

products?

1.3 Purpose of the Study

In accordance with the problem of the study, the objective is formulated

as follows:

1. To identify what the adjectives that assosiated with the concept of

“healthy” that used in cosmetic product advertisement.

2. To identify the intended message revealed by adjectives about the

cosmetic products.

1.4 Scope and Limitation

The writer of this thesis focuses the discussion only on analyzing the the

adjectives that assosiated with the concept of “healthy” used in cosmetic

product advertisement.

1.5 Significance of the Study

The writer hopes that from this study, the writer is able to knowwhat the

message from a semantic field of adjectives “healthy”usedin cosmetic product

advertisements. The writer also has expectation that this study could be used
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by the readers to know strategies used by the advertising in cosmetic product

advertisements.
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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter discusses the theoretical framework. The theoretical

framework consists of the discussions of semantic, semantic field, advertisement

and adjective.

2.1 Semantics

Semantics is study of the meaning of words or the systematic study of

meaning. The study of meaning can be undertaken in various ways. Speakers of

a language have an implicit knowledge about what is meaningful in their

language and it easy to show this.Three disciplines are concerned with the

systematic study of ‘meaning’ in itself: psychology, philosophy, and linguistics.

From three disciplines in the systematic study of meaning, the writer focus on

linguistics from three disciplines. Basically, linguistics is a part of semantic that

focuses in studying a language. TheSemantic also is the knowledge (from the

point of view of the individual who speaks and hears other speaking), or

description (from a linguistics point of view) of meaningful units words and

meaningful combination of words like sentences (Kreidler,1998:7). For

examples: 1)What do you mean? That Meaning of mean is maksudmu. 2), I

don’t mean it. That meaning of mean is bersungguh-sungguh.

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2.2 Semantic Field

Semantic field is a set of words (lexeme)related in meaning which cover a

certain conceptual domain and which bear certain specifiable relations to one

another (http://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/semanticfieldterm.htm). An example

of a simple semantic field would be the conceptual domainof cooking, which in

English is divided up into the lexemes boil, bake, fry, roast, etc.

The term lexical field (also semantic field )is defined as patterns of
association that exist between lexical items in a language such
ashyponym,synonym,antonymand repetition are used in this field(Kreidler, 1996:
87). Each of the relation types is discussed separately in the following subsections.

2.2.1 Hyponym
Hyponym is a relationship between some sentence to
other sentence,in which the meaning of one the word includes
the meaning of other. To support this, John I. Saeed (2003: 68)
states”Hyponymy is a relation of inclusion. A hyponym includes
the meaning of a more general word.” The general lexical item is
called the superordinate. The superordinate is a general word
in a certain semantic field, and all the hyponyms of the upper
term consist of a semantic field. For example, a cat is a
hyponym of the superordinate animal.
According to Cruse 1986:91, he say “we make frequent
use of hyponymy in our daily language. That means hyponym
always use in our daily conversation like that “an X and some
other Y’s, where X is the hyponym and Y the superordinate. To
define a term often requires giving the superordinate for which it
is a hyponym.
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2.2.2 Synonym

The first synonyms are typically single lexemes of the same weight

(Kreidler,1998:97). Synonym can be adjective, noun, verb, or adverbs. For

example;big = large,hide = conceal, small = little , couch = sofa to begin = to start,

etc.Dictionaries typically providea number of synonyms for at least some of the

lexemes they define, and the fact there are whole dictionaries of synonyms.

For example in sentences:

1. The rock is large.

2. The rock is big.

3. Lia is beautiful.

4. Putri is pretty.

Thus for any 4 sentences, synonym of large is big, and synonym beautiful is

pretty.Also, Synonymisawordthathas different formsbuthavethe samemeaning

orsenseor similar.

2.2.3 Antonym

Antonym is a word which is opposite in meaning to another(Kreidler,

1998:100). The word below showantonyms, such as white-black, beauty-ugly,

and wet-dry. There are three major types of antonyms:

a. Complementary or contradictory antonyms are pairs of words in which

one member has a certain semantic property that the other member does not have (cf.

Lyons,1977). It means “These pairs are called contradictory antonyms because they

represent an either/or relation.” Therefore, in the context(s) in which one member is

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true, the other member cannot be true.E.g.,male/female, married/unmarried,

complete/incomplete, alive/dead.

b. Relational antonyms are pairs of words in which the presence of a certainsemantic

property in one member implies the presence of another semantic property in the

other member. In other words, the existence of one of the terms implies the existence

of the other term. For example, over/under, buy/sell, doctor/patient, teacher/pupil,

stop/go,employer/employee, taller/shorter, cheaper/more expensive.

c. Gradable antonymsare pairs of words that are contrasted with respect to their

degree of possession of a certain semantic property. Each term represents or stands

for an end-point (or extreme) on a scale (e.g., of temperature, size, height, beauty,

etc.); between those end-points there are other intermediate points (i.e., there is some

middle ground) (cf. Godby et al., 1982; Lyons, 1977). E.g.,hot/cold, big/small,

tall/short,good/bad, strong/weak, beautiful/ugly, happy/sad, fast/slow.

2.3 Lexical Cohesion

3. lexical cohesion is the result of chains of related words that contribute to the continuity
Lexical cohesion is the result of chains of related words that contribute to the
continuity of lexical meaning.

2.3.1 Repetition

Repetition is the basic categoriesof lexical cohesion.

Repetitionsometimes called reiteration. Reiteration is the repetition of an

earlier item, a synonym, a near synonym, a superordinate or a general

word, but it is not the same as personal reference, because it does not

necessarily involve the sameidentity

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(www.uniroma2.it/.../ling.../Textual_cohesion.doc).Example: Algy met a

bear. The bear was bulgy.In this example, the second occurrence of bear

refers back to the first. Also, there is the referential link the signalling that

the same bear is intended.

2.4 Adjective

An Adjective is a word that modifies a noun or a pronoun. The

wordmodify means “to change”. An adjective modifies a noun by describing it or

making it more specific. There are some criteria for adjectives: they can freely

occur in attributive function or in predicative function. They can be modified by

intensifier very and they can take comparative and superlative forms (A

Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language, 1995: 402-403). For example,

the word pretty in the phrase a pretty girl is an adjective. It occurs in attributive

function, but can also used predicatively. It can be modified by very or written

into prettier and prettiest.

At the general level, adjective is applied to grammatically distinct word

class in a language having the following properties: 1) It contains among its

most central members the morphologically simplest words denoting properties

or states ; among the most frequent and salient are those relating to size, shape,

color, age, evaluation (“good”, “bad”, etc) and the like. 2) It is the class, or one

of the classes, to which the inflectional category of grade applies most

characteristically in languages having this category (adjectives often carry such

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other inflections as case, gender, number, but secondarily, by agreement, rather

than being the primary locus for them).

The adjectives have a classification words that describe the colors, the

weather, size and length, size and shape, age, people and the material are

adjective. These include:

1. Words the describe the colors: pink, red, blue, purple, brown, green, yellow,

black, white, and grey are adjectives.

2. Words the describe the weather: (cold, hot, windy, warm, rainy, etc.) are

adjectives.

3. Words the describe size and length: (tall, small, big, short ,long ,etc.) are

adjectives.

4. Words the describe Size and Shape: (wealthy, large, round, fat, slim, etc.) are

adjectives.

5. Words the describe Age: (young, old, new, ancient, etc.) are adjectives.

6. Words the describe people: (beautiful, ugly, handsome, etc.) are adjectives.

7. Words the describe material: (wooden, silk, woolen, etc.) are adjectives.

From the text above, 1) Words the describe the colors like red/yellow are

adjectives denoting color. 2) Words the describe the weather cool/hot are

adjectives denoting weather conditions. 3) Words the describe size and length

tall/short are fact adjectives. 4) Words the describe Size and Shape fat/thin are

adjectives subject to objective measure. 5) Words the describe Age are

adjectives denoting age. 6) Words the describe people like beautiful/handsome

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are opinion adjectives. 7) Words the describe material like woolen/wooden are

denominal adjectives denoting what something is made.

3.1 Advertisement

Advertisements are key roles in promoting and marketing a product. In

general, advertisements used figure of speech that interesting, creative and unique

in order to get the consumers interest to buy the product which are being

advertising. Advertisement in magazines used selection of vocabularies is of

course influenced by the target market. The vocabularies in magazines are

selected to be used the vocabularies which are familiar in the areas of woman. For

example: word ‘’beautiful’’ is adjective. In Cosmetic Product Advertisements,

advertising seeks women as target market for to buy their product; it is because a

woman was considered to be more emotional in responding to such product.

There are many advertisements in women’s magazines that advertise beauty

products influencing women and beauty has become an absolute religious

imperative for women, thus pressuring them to do their best to hold their beauty

(Baudrillard, 2005).
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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD

In this chapter, the writer discusses the method of the study, that is divided

into five parts, i.e. research design, research instruments, source of the data, data

collection procedure and data analysis procedure.

3.1 Research design

In this study, the writer used qualitative in analysis adjective used in

cosmetic product advertisement. Qualitative is a research method that the data is

words, pictures but not number (Moleong 2000: 6-7). Qualitative inquiry employs

different of data collection and analysis. Qualitative procedures rely on text and

image data, have unique steps in data analysis, and draw on diverse strategies of

inquiry (creswell, 2003:179). From the data, the writer tries to analysis adjective

that used in cosmetic product advertisement. Since the design of this research

belongs to the qualitative one, the instrument of this thesis can be categorized as

participant observer. The writer as a participant who observes and analyzes the

data in order to procedure the valid result.

3.2 Source of the Data

The source of data is cosmetic product advertisement. The source of the

data in this research is from ELLE magazines, the writer took the data from the

edition of February 2013, PEOPLE Style Watch magazine from edition of March
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2013 and skin care advertisements from internet. The forms of the data are

phrases and sentences.

3.3 Data Collection Procedure

The next, here the method of collecting data that had been used by the

writer:

1. The thesis writer will collects the data from magazines as the object of study, in

the form of phrases and sentences in cosmetic product advertisements. The data

are taken all from cosmetic product advertisements in ELLE magazine from the

edition of February, 2013, PEOPLE Style Watch magazine from the edition of

March, 2013 and skin care advertisements from internet.

2. Selecting the data only to the cosmetic product advertisements in magazines.

3. The writer analyzed adjectives used in cosmetic product advertisements.

3.4 Data Analysis

The data that have been collected are analyzed and the procedures of the

analyzing the data consist of: The first identify the text of the data and the writer

start to analyze data based on semantic field. The second the writer start toanalyze

adjectives with the concept “healthy’’ that used in cosmetic product advertisement

in ELLE magazines and PEOPLE Style Watch magazines and can find many

adjectives used in cosmetic product advertisements.

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CHAPTER IV

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

In this chapter, the writer analyzes the data which is shown on the

table on Appendix. Then , she divided into four sub-chapters. The sub-

chapters can be stated as follow : (4.1) Hyponymy ; (4.2) Synonymy ;

(4.3) Antonymy ; (4.4) Repetition.

4.1 Hyponymy

Hyponym is a semantic relation between concepts. It is means that

constituting hyponymy concept represented by the word, known as the concept

word. The concept words in hyponymy relations may have multiple senses. There

are thirty (30) data indicated hyponymy relation with the topic ”healthy”, These

adjectives are: Silky, Glossing, Smooth, Soft, Shiny, Shiner, Stronger, Luxurious,

Softer, Even, Natural, Age-defying, Groundbreaking, Younger, Sparkling, ,

Brighter, Even-toned, Radiant, Smoother, Youthful, Ageless, Gorgeous, supple,

Glowing, Mild, Gentle, Beautiful, Rich , cool, Dewy, Delicate,Balanced and

Secullent. Each data is analyzed and discussed one by one.

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Adjectives have relation between healthy person is the effect used

cosmetic products. So adjectives which shows feature of healthy such as

character of healthy skin, color, bright, and etc. For example :.

(1) Infused with argan oil, this leave in treatment conditions strands and

makes them extra-silky (A:1).

The sentence above has a extra-silky adjective. This word

mean“looking, feeling like silk, resembling silk, especially in smoothness,

softness or shininess” (Encarta 2007). It shows a quality of healhty hair that

expected, a soft hair, smooth hair, and shine like a silky. Thus, extra-silky is a

character of healthy hair which expected after used cosmetic products. So,

semantic relation of the word extra-silky is hyponym of healthyconcept.

According to the cosmetic product, this atribution also indicates that a healthy

hair is a silky hair.

(2) A glossing serum that adds great gloss and shine to the hair.(A:2)

There are at least three meanings in regards to the definition of glossing. Those

are: (1) a surface luster or brightness : shine (2)a: a deceptively attractive

appearance <selfishness that had a gloss of humanitarianism about it,b: bright

often superficial attractiveness (3) atransparent cosmetic preparation for adding

shine and usually color to the lips (Merriam Webster online dictionary). From the

explanation above, meaning number three seems to fit with the concept of healthy.

So, glossing is hyponym from healthy.

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(3) It’s next generation nourishment for beautifully smooth, soft, shiny hair.

(A:3)

From the data have three adjectives smooth, soft, and shiny as an effect from the

used of cosmetic product of hair. In dictionary meaning, The first adjective word,

smooth means “having a continuous even surface.”(Merriam Webster online

dictionary).From the present data, it is clear that the adjective smooth is the

hyponymy of the healthy concept, because smooth is feature of healhty hair. The

second adjective, soft means“smooth and pleasant to touch”( Merriam Webster

online dictionary). From the recent data, it is clear that the adjective soft is the

hyponymy of the healthy concept, because smooth is feature of healhty hair. The

third, adjectiveshiny means “having a smooth glossy surface”(Merriam Webster

online dictionary). In this case, the semantic relation between the adjective shiny

and healthy is hyponymy. In that healthy is the superordinate and shiny is the

hyponym.

(4) Hair is intensely infused with vital nutrients and moisture to leave it

stronger, healthier and shinier whilst colour vibrancy is maintained and

protected.(A:5)

From the sentence has two adjectives stronger and shinier. The first word,

stronger means “having great physical power and ability : having a lot of strength, not

easy to break or damage”(Merriam Webster online dictionary). From the recent data, it

seems that the adjective stronger is afeature of healthy hair, that semantic relation
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hyponym of the word healthy. The second word, shinier means “having a smooth,

shining, bright appearance”. Here, the adjective shiniercan beregardedas feature of

ahealthy hair. So, shinier is hyponym with the concept of healthy .

(5) This luxurious soft cloth mask contains a unique Moisture White solution,

so your skin can feel softer and look clearer with a more even

complexion.(B:8)

There are three adjectives from the sentence, Luxurious, softer and clearer.They

have semantic relation with healthy skin. In dictionary meaning, The first

adjective word has two meanings in regards to the definition of luxurious. Those

are: (1) very comfortable and expensive : richly appealing, (2) feeling or showing

a desire for expensive things (Merriam Webster online dictionary). From the

explanation above, meaning number two seems to fit with the concept of healthy.

In this case, the semantic relation between the adjective luxurious and healthy is

hyponym, in that healthy is the superordinate and luxurious is the hyponym. The

second adjective, softer is thecomparative of the soft. In dictionary, the adjective

softer means (1) easy to mould, cut, compress, or fold; not hard or firm to the

touch, (2)having a smooth surface or texture; not rough or coarse, (3) (of a person)

weak and lacking courage( Oxford Online Dictionaries). In the present data, it

seems that the adjective closer in meaning with the second meaning “(2) having a

smooth surface or texture;not rough or coarse. In this case, softer that shows skin

is healthy. So healthy is the superordinate and softer is the hyponym. The third, in
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dictionary meaning, the adjective even means (1) having a flat, smooth, or level

surface, (2) not having breaks or bumps, (3) located next to someone or something

else (Oxford Online Dictionaries). From the present data, it seems that the

adjective is closer with the first meaning “having a flat, smooth, or level surface”.

In this case, in that healthy is the superordinate and even is the hyponym.

(6) With lightweight, oxygen-fused conditioning ingredients, it moisturizes

hair while adding volume to give your hair natural-looking volume and

bounce.(A:9)

There are at least two meanings in regards to the definition of natural.

Those are: (1) existing in or derived from nature; not made or caused by

humankind, (2) in accordance with the nature of, or circumstances

surrounding, someone or something( Oxford Online Dictionaries). From

the recent data, it is clear that the adjective is closer with the first meaning

“existing in or derived from nature; not made or caused by humankind.”

From that sentence, it seems natural hair that is character of healthy hair

because natural hair very pretty also relaxed hair or straight hair. And also

a lot of people say that straight hair or hair that is flowy and straight tends

to be the best or healthy. So that, natural is hyponymof healthy.

(7) Two age-defying formulas in one groundbreaking serum that reactivates

skin’s vital functions for a healthiercomplexion and younger-looking skin.

(B:2)
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From the sentence above, there are three ajdectivesage-defying,

groundbreaking, and younger. These are definition of age-defying,

groundbreaking, and younger :

1. The first adjective is age-defying is a compound of age and

defying.Age-defyingmean” Age defying mean that someone isn't aging

like it's supposed to (Kate Beckinsale). From the adjective age-defying

has the effect after used cosmetic product so that make consumer is not

old or healthier-looking skin. So, semantic relation between the

adjective age-defying and healthy is hyponymy. In that healthy is the

superordinate and age-defying is the hyponym.

2. The second word, groundbreaking means “introducing new ideas or

methods(Merriam Webster online dictionary). The adjective

groundbreakingare included in hyponymy relations in healthy concept

because it show that cosmetic products with high quality. In this case,

semantic relation between groundbreaking and healthy is hyponymy.

3. The third, younger is comparative of young. Young or younger means

“having the appearance of youth”(Collins Online Dictionary). From

the present data, the semantic relation between the adjective younger

and healthy is hyponymy. In that healthy is the superordinate and

younger is the hyponym.

(8) Late night. Early morning? For sparkling fresh skin, you’re covered.(B:5)
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There are at least three meanings in regards to the definition of sparkling.

Those are: (1) clear and bright and shining with a lot of very small points

of light, (2) sparkling drinks are slightly fizzy, (3) if a company is

described as having sparkling figures or sparkling results, it has performed

very well and made a lot of money. From the explanation above, meaning

number one seems to fit with the concept of healthy because the skin clear,

bright and shining are one of feature of healthy skin. In this case, semantic

relation between sparkling and healthy is hyponymy.

(9) After only 14 days you'll see skin that's brighter, more even-toned, and

exceptionally radiant.(B: 13)

From the datahas three adjectives brighter, even-toned, and radiantas an effect

from the used of cosmetic product of skin. In dictionary meaning, brighter means

“radiating or reflecting light : shining, sparkling(Merriam Webster online

dictionary). And the adjective even-toned is compound noun of even and toned.

The adjectives even-toned means “ is the effect using the product.” And then,

radiant means “bright and shining”(Merriam Webster online dictionary). Here , it

is clear that the adjectives brighter, even-toned, radiant is hyponymy of healthy.

(10) With ¼ moisturizers, vitamins E & F and the soothing touch of

chamomile, skin is left softer,smoother, and ready to reveal in just 5 days.

There are two definitions of Smoother.Those are :(1) Having a surface free from

irregularities, roughness, or projections; even, (2). Having a fine texture( TheFree

Online Dictionary). From the present data, it seems that adjective is closer with
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the meaning number two “having a fine texture,” because that is one of feature of

healthy skin. In this case, the semantic relation between the adjectives smoother

and healthy is the hyponymy. In that healthy is the superordinate and smoother is

the hyponym.

(11) Green seaweed extract plumps and smoothes the look of skin while

oat sugars immediately support to maintain a youthful-looking chin, neck,

and décolleté. (B: 18)

In dictionary meaning, the adjective youthful means “ having qualities

typical of young people; young or seeming young” (Oxford Advanced

Learner’s Dictionary). From the explaination above, it seems that effect

after using the product and making youthful-looking skin. So, the adjective

youthful seems to fit with the concept of healthy. In this case, semantic

relation between youthful and healthy is hyponymy. In that healthy is

superordinate and youtful is hyponym.

(12) The addition of peptides reduces the appearance of under eye bags

and dark circles for a brighter, more ageless appearance.

From Oxford Advanced Learner Dictionary, the adjective ageless means

(1) never growing old or never appearing to grow old, (2) lasting for ever

(Merriam Webster online dictionary). From the explained above, meaning

number one “ never growing old or never appearing to grow old”, seems to
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fit with the concept ofhealthy. In this case, the semantic relation between

the adjective ageless and healthy is hyponymy. In that healthy is the

superordinate and ageless is hyponym.

(13) Cold Plasma, a breakthrough, revolutionary treatment from Dr.

Perricone formulated to address the 10 most visible signs of aging and

impart gorgeous,supple, healthy looking skin.

There are two adjectives is found in the following sentences :

1. The first, adjective gorgeous means (1) giving pleasure and

satisfaction; wonderful, (2) very beautiful, (3) with rich colours;

magnificent ( Oxford Advanced Learner Dictionary). From the recent

data, the adjective gorgeous is closer with the two meaning,“very

beautiful”. So, it is clear that the adjective gorgeous is the hyponymy

relation of the healthy concept.

2. The second, adjective supple means (1) a: compliant often to the point

of obsequiousness ,b: readily adaptable or responsive to new

situations , (2) of a body or body part : able to bend or twist easily, (3)

soft and able to bend or fold easily. From the explanation above,

meaning number three “soft and ale to bend or fold easily” seems fit

with the concept of healthy. So, supple is the hyponymy of the healthy

concept.
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(14) This Mask-In Lotion is the first step to achieving a glowing

complexion.(B:24)

In dictionary meaning, the adjective glowingmeans(1)Incandescent,

(2)richandwarmincoloring:glowingcolors,

(3)showingtheradianceofhealth,excitement,etc.,

(4)warmlyfavorableorcomplimentary:aglowingaccountofherwork.From the

present data, it is seems closer with the meaning number two “ showing the

radiance of health, excitement, etc”. In this case, the semantic relation between the

adjective glowing and healthy is hyponymy. In that healthy is the superordinate

and glowing is hyponym.

(15) Made in England exclusively from English lavender, this hand

wash is mild and gentle to soothe and condition whilst cleansing. (C:3)

In dictionary meaning, the adjective mild mean “gentle in nature or

behaviour”. And the adjective gentle mean “having or showing a kind and

quiet nature : not harsh or violent”. From the present data, it seems that

after using the product so make skin feel mild and gentle. And the gentle

and mild are characteristics of healthy skin. In this case, semantic relation

between the adjectives mild, gentle and healthy is hyponymy.

(16) Everyday moisture is the key to beautiful skin.(C:6)

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There are three definitions for beautiful in the dictionary: delighting the

aesthetic senses, pleasant and enjoyable, excellent.Beautiful is an adjective

used to describe things as possessing beauty. From the present data,

Beautiful modifies is the effect after using the makeup. So, beautiful is

characteristic of healthy skin. In this case, semantic relation between the

adjective beautiful and healthy is hyponymy. In that healthy is

superordinate and beautiful is hyponym.

(17) Our gentlest cleansers ever, a rich lather and a clean rinse to leave

your skin feeling soft and smooth. (C: 7)

There are three definitions for rich in the dictionary: (1) having a lot of

money and possessions, (2): very expensive and beautiful, impressive.,

(3): having or supplying a large amount of something that is wanted or

needed. From the present data, the adjective meaning is closer with the

second meaning “ very expensive and beautiful, impressive.” Here, it

seems fit with the concept of healthy. So, semantic relation between the

adjective rich and healthy is hyponymy.

(18) Improved Dove®go fresh® Cool Moisture Body Wash with

NutriumMoisture® leaves your skin feeling cool and refreshingly hydrated.

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In dictionary meaning, the adjective cool means (1) somewhat cold : not warm or

hot., (2) made of a light, thin material that helps you stay cool., (3) able to think

and act in a calm way : not affected by strong feelings ( Merriam Webster online

dictionary). From here, the adjective meaning number one seems to fit with the

concept of healthy. So, cool is hyponym from healthy.

(19) English Pear & Freesia Body & Hand Lotion is readily absorbed

and moisturises beautifully, leaving your skin dewy.(C: 15)

In dictionary meaning, the adjective dewy mean “wet with dew or with

something like dew”. From the explained above, it seems that the skin is

not dry and always wet like dew. So, skin can feel fresh and healthy. In

this case, semantic relation between the adjective dewy and healthy is

hyponymy. In that the adjective healthy is superordinate and dewy is

hyponym.

(20) This delicious body & hand wash and scent your skin with the

delicate sweetness of sapphire blooms.( C:16)

In Merriam Webster online dictionary, the adjective delicate

means (1)pleasing to the sense of taste or smell especially in a mild or subtle

way (2) marked by daintiness or charm of color, lines, or proportions. It shows a

quality of healhty body that expected, a soft, and smooth like a delicate. Thus,

delicate is a characteristic of healthy body which expected after used cosmetic

products. So, semantic relation the adjective delicate and healthy is hyponymy.
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4.2 Synonymy

Synonymy is the relationship between synonyms. Synonyms are words

which sound different, but have the same or nearly the same meanings and

therefore may often be used interchangeably. The analysis of the adjectives that

show synonyms relation with the keyword healthy results in three, clean, fresh,

pure and good. Each data is analyzed and discussed on by one.

(1) Foams and rinses completely away, so skin feels refreshingly clean

andsoft.(B:3)

From the data, there are two meaning ofclean. Those are: (1) free from dirt or

pollution, (2) free from contamination or disease. From the explaination above, it

is clear that the adjective clean carries the meaning clean also free from virus, and

bacterium. So, the recent data has a relation with the synonymy context of

healthy because clean means healthy.

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(2) Features the uplifting scents of succulent plum and pure sakura

blossom to leave you feeling fresh and beautiful.

In dictionary meaning, the adjective fresh means (1): newly produced,

made, gathered, etc. : not preserved by being frozen, canned, etc. (2)not

old, spoiled, etc. (3): clean and pure. ). From the present data, it seems that

adjective is closer with the meaning number third “clean and pure”.

Because the adjective fresh meanword used to describe healthy people. So,

semantic relation between adjective fresh and healthy is synonymy.

(3) Meet BB cream! The 1- stepwonder for a good skin day.(B:6)

In dictionary meaning, The adjective good means (1)to be desired or

approved of:it’s good that he’s back to his old selfa good quality of

life, (2)having the required qualities; of a high standard: (2)a. skilled at

doing or dealing with a specified thing:, (2)b healthy, strong, or well.

From the recent data, it is clear the meaning number two(b)” healthy,

strong or well”. So, good is synonym of healhty.

4.3 Antonymy

A word that means the opposite of another word are known as antonym.

The writer will analyzed of the adjective that show antonymy relation with the

concept of healthy results in 15 adjectives. These are : weak, damaged, fragile,

coarse, thick, Unmanageable, thin, Stubbron, dark, Pigmented , dull, dry, Scaly,

Harsh, tired, Tiredness, Cracked.. Each data is analyzed and discussed on by one.
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(1) Specially formulated for weak,damaged and fragile hair.(A:4)

There are three adjectives in the sentences, weak, damaged, and fragile,
they are kind of unhealthy hair. In dictionary meaning :

1. The fist, the adjective weak means Weak (1)having little physical power

or ability : not strong, (2)having little power or force , (3) likely to break or

stop working properly : not able to handle weight, pressure, or strain (

Merriam Webster online dictionary). From the explanation above, it seems

that the adjective weak has a relation with the antonymy context of

healthy.

2. The second, the adjective damaged means “harmed or injured or

spoiled” ( Merriam Webster online dictionary). From the present data, it

seems that adjective damagedis the effect of always used hairdryer or

exposed to UV so it is cause damaged hair or unhealthy hair. In this case,

damaged is antonym of healthy.

3. The third, the adjective fragile means “easily broken or damaged , very

delicate ,not strong”( Merriam Webster online dictionary). From the

explaination above, it is clear that the adjective fragile carries the

meaning oppisite of healthy. So, the recent data has a relation with the

antonymy context of healthy.

(2) Matrix Biolage Exquisite Oil Monoi Blend Softening Treatment is a

luxurioushair oil specially developed for thick, coarse and

unmanageable hair types.(A:6)

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In dictionary meaning, the adjective thick means (1)having a large

distance between the top and bottom or front and back surfaces : not thin

(2) having a specified distance from one surface to the opposite surface :

having a specified thickness, (3)having parts that are close together

(Merriam Webster online dictionary). From present data, it seems meaning

number two “having a specified distance from one surface to the opposite

surface : having a specified thickness”. So it has a relation with the

antonymy context of healthy. Then, the adjective coarse means (1 ) of

ordinary or inferior quality or value : common (2) a: composed of

relatively large parts or particles (2)b: loose or rough in texture, (3)

harsh, raucous, or rough in tone (Merriam Webster online

dictionary).From the explanation above, it seems that the adjective coarse

has a relation with the antonymy context of healthy. And the last

adjective unmanageablemeans“given to resisting control or discipline by

others”(Merriam Webster online dictionary). Here, it seems that the

adjective weak has a relation with the antonymy context of healthy.

(3) Matrix Biolage Exquisite Oil Tamanu Blend Strengthening Treatment

strengthens and repairs weak,thin and damaged hair.(A:7)

There are at least two meanings in regards to the definition of thin.

Those are: (1)Thin,having a noticeably small amount of body fat being of

less than usual width, (2) not containing very much of some important
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element . Here, it seems that the adjective thin has a relation with the

antonymy context of healthy.

(4) Morning Time Cleanser provides a deep cleanse without drying the

skin and removes even the most stubborn waterproofmakeup.(B:9)

In dictionary meaning, the adjective stubbronmeans “sticking to an

opinion, purpose, or course of action in spite of reason”. From the

explanation above, it means dark spots that hard to clear. So , semantic

relation between stubbron and healthy is antonymy.

(5) Visibly reduce dark spots equal to a leading prescription ingredient.

(B:1)

There are at least two meanings in regards to the definition of dark.

Those are:(1)being without light or without much light,(2) causing or

marked by an atmosphere lacking in cheer. From the explanation above,

meaning number one “being without light or without much light”, it seems

fit with the context of healty. So, dark is antonym of healthy.

(6) The perfect cleanser for pigmented skin and dull complexions.(B:10)

From the sentence, there are two adjectives pigmentedand dull. In dictionary

meaning, the adjective pigmented means (1) a natural substance that gives color

to animals and plants, (2) a substance that gives color to something else. From the

explanation above, meaning number

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Bibliography

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wordtgl 26 october 2013.

Huddleston, Rodney. 1995. English Grammar an Outline. Great Britain:

Athenaeum Press Ltd, Gatheshead, Tyne, & Wear Publishing Company.

Azar, Betty Schrampfer.1999. English Grammar Third edition. United States of

America : Pearson Education.

Kreidler, Charles W. 1998. Introducing English Semantic. Great Britain: TJ

International, Padstow, Cornwall.

English, Houghton Mifflin. 1984.Grammar and Composition 3nd edition.U.S.A :

Houghton Miffilin Publishing Company.

Elle magazine. February 2013.

People style watch magazine, March 2013.

http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/adjectives.htm

Murphy, Raymond and Smalzer, William R. 2000.Grammar in use

intermediate.Hongkong, China : Golden Printing Compay Limited.

http://dspace.slu.edu.ph/handle/123456789/243tanggal 8 december 2013.

http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/advertisement tanggal 8 december 2013.

Inglés IV (B-2008)
Prof. Argenis A. Zapata

Universidad de Los Andes

Facultad de Humanidades y Educación
Escuela de IdiomasModernos