Dayana Abylgazina 202322605

1. Ionization – process by which neutral molecules are divided into charged ions in a
solution
2. Dissociation of acid – an acid dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and anions in an
aqueous (watery) solution
3. Monoprotic weak acid – an acid that is able to donate only one proton/H+
4. Complex formation – A complex is made up of a central metal atom/ion surrounded
by negatively charged ions or neutral molecules possessing a lone pair of electrons
(ligands)
5. Ligands – an ion or molecule that donates a pair of an electron to a metal atom to
form a complex
6. Stability constant – equilibrium constant written for a reaction in which a metal-
ligand complex forms
7. Solubility product constant – the equilibrium constant for the dissolution of a solid
substance into an aqueous solution.
8. Common ion effect – an effect that suppresses the ionization of an electrolyte when
another electrolyte (which contains an ion which is also present in the first
electrolyte, i.e. a common ion) is added. It is considered to be a consequence of Le
Chatlier's principle (or the Equilibrium Law)
9. Precipitation reaction – occur when cations and anions in aqueous solution
combine to form an insoluble ionic solid called a precipitate
10. Oxidation-reduction –a reaction that involves the transfer of electrons between
chemical species
11. Thermodynamics – study of energy changes accompanying physical and chemical
processes
12. Gibbs free energy – combines enthalpy and entropy