2/20/24, 9:11 AM Inconel 625: Stick (SMAW) and TIG/ MIG Welding Procedure

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Inconel 625: Stick (SMAW) and TIG/

MIG Welding Procedure
Last Updated July 5, 2023 by Sandeep Kumar

What is Inconel 625 made of and its uses?

Inconel 625 is a high Nickel- chromium (Ni-Cr) base alloy with the addition of niobium
(Columbium) & Iron (Fe) having very high corrosion resistance compared to austenitic
stainless steel or Duplex stainless steel and mechanical strength.

Inconel 625 has excellent low temperature as well as high-temperature properties (toughness,
tensile, creep & rupture strength).

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It is non-magnetic due to its austenitic microstructure. Inconel 625 has excellent corrosion
resistance for pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion, oxidation, and carburization.

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2/20/24, 9:11 AM Inconel 625: Stick (SMAW) and TIG/ MIG Welding Procedure

Applications of Incoloy 625 are in aerospace, oil & gas, heaters tube etc.
Material Welding
Material Specifications
SB–366, SB–443, SB–444, SB–446, SB-565, SB-704, SB 705, BS3074, AMS 5599 and
AMS 5666.

The ISO/ DIN equivalent material of Inconel 625 is NiCr22Mo9Nb grade. The material is
available in various forms such as plate, sheet, tube, pipe, bar and flats.

Chemical and mechanical properties of Inconel 625

The UNS Number of Inconel 625 is UNSN06625. The ASME Section IX P Number for
Welding of Inconel 625 is P No. 43. The Brazing P No. for Inconel 625 is P No.111.

Related reading: Inconel 601 Welding Guide

Nickel is the primary alloying element of Inconel 625 and shall be a minimum of 58% of total
alloying followed by chromium and molybdenum.

The density of Inconel 625 is 8.44 g/cm3. The pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) of
Inconel 625 is 45 or higher.

The chemical properties of Inconel 625 are given in the below table.

Iro Chromiu Silico Molybdenu Manganes Carbo

Nickel Al P/ S
n m n m e n

58% 0.4 0.015

5% 20- 23% 0.5% 8- 10% 0.5% 0.10 %
min. % %

Note: Single values are maximum permitted for Inconel 625 alloy
The Tensile Strength of Inconel 625 at ambient temperature is 120 -160 Ksi (827-1103 MPa)
and the Yield strength is 60 -110 Ksi (414-758 MPa).

See also Residual Stresses in Welding

The elongation of Inconel 625 is 30 -60% and the hardness is 175-240 HB. The detailed
mechanical properties are shown in the below table.

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2/20/24, 9:11 AM Inconel 625: Stick (SMAW) and TIG/ MIG Welding Procedure

Material Welding

Reference: Special Metals.

Inconel 625 welding Consumables/ Rod/ wire

1. Stick or SMAW Welding electrode/ rod for Inconel 625 Welding: ENiCrMo-3
2. TIG/ MIG Welding electrode/ rod for Inconel 625 Welding: ERNiCrMo-3
3. Stick or SMAW Welding electrode/ rod for Inconel 625 Welding to Carbon steel/
stainless steel: ENiCrMo-3/ ENiCrFe-2/3

Stick/ SMAW Welding of Inconel 625

Stick Welding of SMAW Welding of Inconel 625 is carried out using ENiCrMo-3 (AWS A 5.11
material specification). ENiCrMo-3 is also known as Inconel Welding Electrode 112.

Inco-112 (ENiCrMo-3) provides a weld deposit ( 60 Ni, 22 Cr, 9 Mo, 5 Fe, and 3.5 Nb plus Ta)
similar to the base metal properties.

The temperature application range of ENiCrMo-3 (Inco 112) is from cryogenic to 1000°F
(540°C). No special baking is required for the ENiCrMo-3 type rod but it is recommended to
keep the electrodes in the holding oven to control moisture.

Moist electrodes can cause weld porosity which could be difficult to troubleshoot unless you
are dealing with Inconel 625 welding everyday.

TIG/ MIG Welding of Inconel 625

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2/20/24, 9:11 AM Inconel 625: Stick (SMAW) and TIG/ MIG Welding Procedure

TIG (GTAW) or MIG (GMAW) welding of Inconel 625 is carried out using ERNiCrMo-3 (AWS
Material Welding
A 5.14). ERNiCrMo-3 is also known by name as INCONEL Filler Metal 625.

This wire gives a weld deposit similar to the base metal. When Welding Inconel 625, pure
argon is used for gas shielding and gas purging.

See also Pressure Welding, Types with examples

Gas purging is a must when welding Inconel 625 material. Typical welding parameters used
for Inconel 625 welding are given in the below table for Stick welding and TIG Welding
applications.

Inter-
Welding Flow
Welding Welding Pass
Process speed Polarity rate
ampere Volts Temp.
mm/min LPM
°C

Stick 175
80- 120 19- 23 170- 210 Reverse –
Welding max.

GTAW 175 10 to
80 to 125 14- 18 90-120 Straight
(TIG) max. 20

Preheat, Interpass & PWHT temperature

Preheat for welding is not required for Inconel 625 material unless the material is in an aged
condition due to creep.

···

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2/20/24, 9:11 AM Inconel 625: Stick (SMAW) and TIG/ MIG Welding Procedure

Material Welding
The new material of Inconel 625 is readily weldable without any issues. Welding heat input
control is recommended to avoid any weld cracking issues that can arise due to austenitic
microstructure such as hot cracks or solidification cracking.

Interpass temperature for Inconel 625 welding shall be kept below 350 °F (175 °C). Post weld
heat treatment for Inconel 625 is also not recommended.

Inconel 625 to Carbon Steel welding

Stick Welding or SMAW Welding of Inconel 625 to carbon steel/ mild steel is carried out with
AWS SFA/A 5.11- ENiCrFe-2 or ENiCrFe -3 electrode.

TIG/ MIG Welding of Inconel 625 to Carbon steel/ Mild steel is made using ERNiCrFe-6 or
ERNiCr-3 type filler wire.

Stick welding of Inconel 625 to carbon steel or other dissimilar metallurgy can also be welded
using ENiCrMo-3/ ERNiCrMo-3 electrode/ filler wire.

Inconel 625 to Stainless Steel welding

Stick Welding or SMAW Welding of Inconel 625 to Stainless steel is carried out with AWS
SFA/A 5.11- ENiCrFe-2 or ENiCrFe -3 electrode. TIG/ MIG Welding of Inconel 625 to stainless
steel is made using ERNiCrFe-6 or ERNiCr-3 type filler wire.

See also EN19-42CrMo4 Welding Procedure

Pure argon gas is used for gas shielding & gas purging purposes when welding Inconel 625
material.

TIG wires are available in different diameters to suit the various needs. Welding of 410
Stainless Steel type to Inconel 625 can be done using ERNiCrMo-3 (Inco 625 filler).

Inconel 625 weld microstructure

The microstructure of Inconel 625 is primarily FCC which is due to its high austenitic phases.
Microstructure in a solid solution matrix contains austenite and may have carbides (MC type &
M6C type carbides).

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2/20/24, 9:11 AM Inconel 625: Stick (SMAW) and TIG/ MIG Welding Procedure

The below microstructure of Inconel 625 consists of austenite matrix and MC carbides. we
Material
can see theWelding
recrystallized grains and twins in this microstructure.

Inconel 625 welding Defects

Weld metal solidification cracking ( Hot cracking appearing at the weld center ) In Inconel 625
is possible & reported.

The most likely causes are the highly austenitic microstructure, depth to width ratio of the
weld or low melting constituents segregation, % dilution (could be when welding with stick
welding, although TIG is highly clean).

Moisture in stick welding electrodes can cause weld porosity due to the presence of high
hydrogen levels in the weld metal however, as the weld microstructure is FCC, hydrogen
cracking is not a concern when welding Inconel 625.

Hot crack in Inconel 625 weld

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