КГБ и ДС - връзки и зависимости

Комисия за разкриване на документи
1950 - 1991
След шумна обществена дискусия
и продължително експертно проучване и за обявяване на принадлежност
на 19 декември 2006 г. бе приет Законът за достъп
и разкриване на документите и за обявяване на български граждани
на принадлежност на български граждани към към Държавна сигурност
и
Държавна сигурност и разузнавателните служби
ст
на Българската народна армия. и разузнавателните служби
Седемнадесет години след промените България на Българската
мо
стигна до съгласие: документите на бившите тайни
служби да бъдат събрани и съхранени за историята. народна армия
си
На 5 април 2007 г. 40-ото Народно събрание
поименно утвърди състава на 9-членна комисия,
ви
която да се заеме с изпълнението на закона.
Сред основните задължения на комисията,
за
в чл. 10 на закона е записано, че тя извършва
изследователска дейност и публикува документи.
Публикуването на служебни документи под
и
формата на факсимилета не само би облекчило
изследователите, но би спомогнало
ки
за съхраняването на оригиналите.
Сборникът “КГБ и ДС връзки и зависимости
ъз
(1950-1991 г.)” е първото издание от предстоящата
поредица на документални издания, включващи
вр
доскоро дълбоко засекретени документи,
съхранявани в архивите на различните звена
на бившите тайни служби.
After a noisy public discussion and a long period

of expert research on 19th December 2006 the Law
for Access and Disclosure of the documents and
announcement of affiliation of Bulgarian citizens to the
State Security and the Intelligence services of the
Bulgarian National Army was adopted.
Seventeen years after the changes Bulgaria reached
the agreement to collect the documents of the former
Secret Services, to protect and preserve them as history
and to give citizens access to them.
On 5th April 2007 the 40th National assembly elected and
confirmed name by name the members of a nine men
commission with the mission to put the Law into action.
One of the main obligations of the Commission,
as stated in art. 10 of the Law amongst many others
is to do scientific research and publish documents.
КГБ и ДС -
The publishing of official documents in the form of
facsimile will not only make researchers` work easier but
will help preserving the originals.
The collection ”KGB and the Bulgarian State Security
1
Services-connections and dependences (1950-1991)”
199
is the first in a series of future documentary publications
of originals, kept in the archives of the different agencies
of the former Secret Services.
Документален сборник
0
195
На първа корица: Подписване на протокол за сътрудничество между МВР и КГБ
от министъра на вътрешните работи Димитър Стоянов (вдясно) и председателя
на КГБ Виктор Чебриков (вляво), София, 20 май 1983 г., фонд на Музея на МВР
ÓÏËÒËˇ Á‡ ‡ÁÍË‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚË
Ë Á‡ Ó·ˇ‚ˇ‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ÔËÌ‡‰ÎÂÊÌÓÒÚ Ì‡ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍË „‡Ê‰‡ÌË
Í˙Ï ƒ˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ
Ë ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌËÚÂ ÒÎÛÊ·Ë Ì‡ ¡˙Î„‡ÒÍ‡Ú‡ Ì‡Ó‰Ì‡ ‡ÏËˇ
( –ƒŒœ¡√ƒ—–—¡Õ¿)
√¡ Ë ƒ— -
‚˙ÁÍË Ë Á‡‚ËÒËÏÓÒÚË
The Committee for Disclosing the Documents and Announcing
Affiliation of Bulgarian Citizens to the State Security
and the Intelligence Services of the Bulgarian National Army
(CDDAABCSBNA)
The KGB
and the Bulgarian State Security Service –
connections and dependences
Collection of Records (1950-1991)

ÓÏËÒËˇ Á‡ ‡ÁÍË‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚË
Ë Á‡ Ó·ˇ‚ˇ‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ÔËÌ‡‰ÎÂÊÌÓÒÚ Ì‡ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍË „‡Ê‰‡ÌË
Í˙Ï ƒ˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ
Ë ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌËÚÂ ÒÎÛÊ·Ë Ì‡ ¡˙Î„‡ÒÍ‡Ú‡ Ì‡Ó‰Ì‡ ‡ÏËˇ
( –ƒŒœ¡√ƒ—–—¡Õ¿)
ƒ Ó Í Û Ï Â Ì Ú ‡ Î Â Ì Ò · Ó  Ì Ë Í
—ÓÙËˇ, 2009 „.
–Â‰‡ÍÚÓÒÍË Ë Ò˙ÒÚ‡‚ËÚÂÎÒÍË ÂÍËÔ:
“‡ÚˇÌ‡ »–fl Œ¬¿ (ÓÚ„Ó‚ÓÂÌ Â‰‡ÍÚÓ),
‰- ¬‡ÎÂË ¿÷”ÕŒ¬,
Õ‡‰ÂÊ‰‡ ¿Õ√≈ÀŒ¬¿
—Î‡‚˜Ó —À¿¬◊≈¬
Õ‡Û˜ÂÌ ÍÓÌÒÛÎÚ‡ÌÚ Ë ‡‚ÚÓ Ì‡ ÔÂ‰„Ó‚Ó‡
4 ‰Óˆ. ‰- …Ó‰‡Ì ¡¿≈¬
“ÂıÌË˜ÂÒÍË Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ:
¿Ì„ÂÎ »À Œ¬
Editors’ and compilers’ body:
Tatyana KIRYAKOVA (editor in charge),

Ph. D Valeri Katzounov,
Nadezhda ANGELOVA
Slavcho SLAVCHEV
S c i e n t i f i c c o n s u l t a n t a n d a u t h o r o f t h e i n t ro d u c t i o n
associated professor dr. Jordan BAEV
Te c h n i c a l a s s i s t a n t
Angel ILKOV
© ÓÏËÒËˇ Á‡ ‡ÁÍË‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚË Ë Á‡ Ó·ˇ‚ˇ‚‡ÌÂ

Ì‡ ÔËÌ‡‰ÎÂÊÌÓÒÚ Ì‡ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍË „‡Ê‰‡ÌË Í˙Ï ƒ˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ
Ë ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌËÚÂ ÒÎÛÊ·Ë Ì‡ ¡˙Î„‡ÒÍ‡Ú‡ Ì‡Ó‰Ì‡ ‡ÏËˇ, 2009 „.
© ÃËı‡ËÎ “‡ÌÂ‚, 2009 „.
ISBN 978-954-92467-1-1
Ñ Ú Ä Ú Ð Æ À Í È Å
1. ¬ÒÚ˙ÔÎÂÌËÂ ≠ “‡ÚˇÌ‡ ËˇÍÓ‚‡, ˜ÎÂÌ Ì‡ –ƒŒœ¡√ƒ—–—¡Õ¿,

ÓÚ„Ó‚ÓÂÌ Â‰‡ÍÚÓ ............................................................................................... 6
2. œÂ‰„Ó‚Ó ≠ ‰Óˆ. ‰- …Ó‰‡Ì ¡‡Â‚, Ì‡Û˜ÂÌ ÍÓÌÒÛÎÚ‡ÌÚ ................................ 9
3. —ÔËÒ˙Í Ì‡ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚËÚÂ ...................................................................................... 22
4. ‘‡ÍÒËÏËÎÂÚ‡ Ì‡ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚËÚÂ ........................................................................... 28
5. —‡‚ÌËÚÂÎÌ‡ ÒÚÛÍÚÛ‡ Ì‡ √¡ (1954-1991 „.)

Ë Ì‡ ƒ— (1952-1990 „.) ....................................................................................... 450 5
6. “ÂÏËÌË Ë Ò˙Í‡˘ÂÌËˇ .................................................................................... 452
7. »ÏÂÌÂÌ ÔÓÍ‡Á‡ÎÂˆ ............................................................................................. 456
8. —ÔËÒ˙Í Ì‡ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚËÚÂ Ò ‡ÌÓÚ‡ˆËË Ì‡ ‡Ì„ÎËÈÒÍË ÂÁËÍ ............................ 467
C O N T E N T S
1. Foreword ≠ Tatyana Kiryakova, member of the CDDAABCSBNA,

managing editor ........................................................................................................ 6
2. Introduction ≠ associated professor dr. Jordan Baev, scientific consultant ........ 9
3. List of documents ................................................................................................... 22
4. Facsimile of documents ......................................................................................... 28
5. Comparative structure of KGB (1954-1991) and the Bulgarian

State Security Services (1952-1990).................................................................... 450
6. Terms and abbreviations ..................................................................................... 452
7. Index of names ..................................................................................................... 456
8. List of the documents with an English annotation ............................................ 467

ÂÑÒÚÏËÅÍÈÅ FOREWORD
¬‡ÊÂÌ ‡ÒÔÂÍÚ ÓÚ ‰ÂÈÌÓÒÚÚ‡ Ì‡ Ó- The Commission for Disclosing the

ÏËÒËˇÚ‡ Á‡ ‡ÁÍË‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚËÚÂ Ë Documents and Announcing Affiliation of
Á‡ Ó·ˇ‚ˇ‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ÔËÌ‡‰ÎÂÊÌÓÒÚ Ì‡ ·˙Î- Bulgarian Citizens to the State Security and
„‡ÒÍË „‡Ê‰‡ÌË Í˙Ï ƒ˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„Û- the Intelligence Services of the Bulgarian Na-
ÌÓÒÚ Ë ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌËÚÂ ÒÎÛÊ·Ë Ì‡ ¡˙Î- tional Army has as an important aspect of its
„‡ÒÍ‡Ú‡ Ì‡Ó‰Ì‡ ‡ÏËˇ Â ÔÂ‰ÓÒÚ‡‚ˇÌÂ- work the granting of access to the secret files
ÚÓ Ì‡ ‰ÓÒÚ˙Ô ‰Ó ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚËÚÂ Á‡ Ì‡Û˜ÌÓ- for the purposes of research and investiga-
ËÁÒÎÂ‰Ó‚‡ÚÂÎÒÍ‡, ÔÛ·ÎËˆËÒÚË˜Ì‡ Ë ÔÓÛ˜- tive journalism. By virtue of article 10 of the
‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡ ‰ÂÈÌÓÒÚ. —˙„Î‡ÒÌÓ ˜Î. 10 ÓÚ «‡- Act on Access to and Declassification of the
ÍÓÌ‡ Á‡ ‰ÓÒÚ˙Ô Ë ‡ÁÍË‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌ- Records and on Disclosure of Involvement
6
ÚËÚÂ Ë Ó·ˇ‚ˇ‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ÔËÌ‡‰ÎÂÊÌÓÒÚ Ì‡
of Bulgarian Nationals With the Former State
·˙Î„‡ÒÍË „‡Ê‰‡ÌË Í˙Ï ƒ˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË-
Security and the Intelligence Services of the
„ÛÌÓÒÚ Ë ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌËÚÂ ÒÎÛÊ·Ë Ì‡
Bulgarian Peopleís Army, the Commission
¡˙Î„‡ÒÍ‡Ú‡ Ì‡Ó‰Ì‡ ‡ÏËˇ, ÍÓÏËÒËˇÚ‡
ÔÛ·ÎËÍÛ‚‡ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚË, Ò˙ı‡Ìˇ‚‡ÌË ‚ Ò˙Á- undertook the publication of a part of the
‰‡‰ÂÌËˇ ÓÚ ÌÂˇ ˆÂÌÚ‡ÎËÁË‡Ì ‡ıË‚. documents preserved in the integrated archive
it created.
ƒÓÍÛÏÂÌÚ‡ÎÌËˇÚ Ò·ÓÌËÍ ì √¡ Ë
ƒ— ≠ ‚˙ÁÍË Ë Á‡‚ËÒËÏÓÒÚËî Â Ì‡˜‡ÎÓÚÓ The collection of records ìThe KGB
Ì‡ ÔÓÂ‰Ëˆ‡, ÍÓˇÚÓ ˘Â Ó·ÎÂÍ˜Ë ËÁÒÎÂ‰Ó- and the Bulgarian State Security Services ≠
‚‡ÚÂÎËÚÂ ‚ ‡·ÓÚ‡Ú‡ ËÏ Ò˙Ò ÒÂÍÂÚÌË ‰Ó- connections and dependencesî is the first in
ÍÛÏÂÌÚË ÓÚ ÙÓÌ‰Ó‚ÂÚÂ Ì‡ ‡ıË‚ËÚÂ Ì‡ ·˙Î- a series of publications which will facilitate
„‡ÒÍËÚÂ ·Ë‚¯Ë Ú‡ÈÌË ÒÎÛÊ·Ë. ƒÓÒÂ„‡ ÚÂ researchers in their work with confidential
Ò‡ ËÏ‡ÎË ‰ÓÒÚ˙Ô Ò‡ÏÓ ‰Ó ˜‡ÒÚ ÓÚ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌ- files from the funds of the archives of the Bul-
ÚËÚÂ, Ò˙ı‡Ìˇ‚‡ÌË ‚ ‡ıË‚‡ Ì‡ ÃËÌËÒÚÂ- garian former secret services. Until now they
ÒÚ‚Ó Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË. ¬ ÚÓÁË Ò·Ó- had access only to a part of the documents
ÌËÍ Á‡ Ô˙‚Ë Ô˙Ú ˘Â ÏÓ„‡Ú ‰‡ ÒÂ ‰ÓÍÓÒ- preserved in the archive of the Ministry of
Ì‡Ú ‰Ó Ì‡Ô˙ÎÌÓ ÌÂÔÓÁÌ‡ÚË ‡ıË‚ÌË Â‰Ë- the Interior. This collection will enable them
ÌËˆË ÓÚ Õ‡ˆËÓÌ‡ÎÌ‡Ú‡ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡
to view for the first time entirely unknown
ÒÎÛÊ·‡, Ì‡ÒÎÂ‰ÌËÍ Ì‡ œ˙‚Ó „Î‡‚ÌÓ ÛÔ-
archive units of the National Intelligence Ser-
‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ƒ˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ.
vice which is the heir to the First Chief Direc-
—ÔˇıÏÂ ÒÂ Ì‡ Ú‡ÁË ÚÂÏ‡, Á‡˘ÓÚÓ Úˇ torate of the State Security.
Â ˜‡ÒÚ ÓÚ ‡‚ÚÓËÚÂÚÂÌ ÏÂÊ‰ÛÌ‡Ó‰ÂÌ ÔÓ-
ÂÍÚ, ÓÁ‡„Î‡‚ÂÌ ì—˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ We decided on this topic because it is
√¡ Ò ‰Û„ËÚÂ ÒÂÍÂÚÌË ÒÎÛÊ·Ë ‚ ÷ÂÌÚ- part of a major international project entitled
‡ÎÌ‡ Ë »ÁÚÓ˜Ì‡ ≈‚ÓÔ‡î. —ÎÂ‰ ‚ÍÎ˛˜- ìThe KGB cooperation with the Central and
‚‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ ÍÓÏËÒËˇÚ‡ Í˙Ï ≈‚ÓÔÂÈÒÍ‡Ú‡ Eastern European secret services.î The pub-
ÏÂÊ‡ Á‡ Ò˙ı‡ÌÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ‡ıË‚ËÚÂ, ËÁ‰‡- lication of the collected records ìThe KGB
‚‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚ‡ÎÌËˇ Ò·ÓÌËÍ ì √¡ and the Bulgarian State Security Services ≠
Ë ƒ— - ‚˙ÁÍË Ë Á‡‚ËÒËÏÓÒÚËî ˘Â ÔÂ‰Ò- connections and dependencesî will represent
Ú‡‚Îˇ‚‡ ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰ËÏËˇÚ Ë Ò‚ÓÂ‚ÂÏÂÌÂÌ the timely and necessary Bulgarian contribu-
·˙Î„‡ÒÍË ÔËÌÓÒ Í˙Ï Â‡ÎËÁË‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ tion to the implementation of this project as
ÚÓÁË ÔÓÂÍÚ. a follow-up to the Commissionís joining the
“‡ÁË „Ó‰ËÌ‡ ÒÂ Ì‡- European network for the preservation of the
‚˙¯‚‡Ú 20 „Ó- archives
‰ËÌË ÓÚ Ô‡‰‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ ¡ÂÎËÌÒÍ‡Ú‡ ÒÚÂÌ‡ th
This year we mark the 20 anniversary
Ë Ì‡˜‡ÎÓÚÓ Ì‡ ÌÓ‚Ëˇ ‰ÂÏÓÍ‡ÚË˜ÂÌ Â‰ ‚ of the fall of the Berlin wall and the begin-
÷ÂÌÚ‡ÎÌ‡ Ë »ÁÚÓ˜Ì‡ ≈‚ÓÔ‡. œÛ·ÎËÍÛ- nings of the new democratic order in Central
‚‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ ÌÂÔÓÁÌ‡ÚË ‰ÓÒÂ„‡ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚË ˘Â and Eastern Europe. The publication of un-
ı‚˙ÎË ÔÓ-„ÓÎˇÏ‡ Ò‚ÂÚÎËÌ‡ ‚˙ıÛ ‡Á„- familiar documents will shed more light on
ÎÂÊ‰‡ÌËˇ ËÒÚÓË˜ÂÒÍË ÔÂËÓ‰ Ë ˘Â ÒÔÓ- the historical period under review and will
ÏÓ„ÌÂ Á‡ ÔÓ-Á‡‰˙Î·Ó˜ÂÌÓÚÓ ‡ÁÍË‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ help reveal more thoroughly the reasons that
ÔË˜ËÌËÚÂ, ‰Ó‚ÂÎË ‰Ó Ò˙·ËÚËˇÚ‡ ÔÂÁ led to the events of 1989.
1989 „Ó‰ËÌ‡.
After the release of the secret records
—ÎÂ‰ ÓÚ‚‡ˇÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ ÒÂÍÂÚÌËÚÂ ‡-
of the CIA and the US National Security
ıË‚Ë ÓÚ ‚ÂÏÂÚÓ Ì‡ —ÚÛ‰ÂÌ‡Ú‡ ‚ÓÈÌ‡ Ì‡
Council from the Cold War period, a disclo-
÷–” Ë —˙‚ÂÚ‡ Á‡ Ì‡ˆËÓÌ‡ÎÌ‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ
sure of the archives related to the coopera-
Ì‡ —¿Ÿ, ‡ÁÍË‚‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ ‡ıË‚ËÚÂ,
tion between the Bulgarian State Security and
Ò‚˙Á‡ÌË Ò˙Ò Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ ·˙Î-
„‡ÒÍ‡Ú‡ ƒ˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ Ë √¡, ·Ë the KGB will help researchers in conducting
ÔÓ‰ÔÓÏÓ„Ì‡ÎÓ ËÁÒÎÂ‰Ó‚‡ÚÂÎËÚÂ ‚ ÔÓ-ˆˇ- a more comprehensive analysis of the global
ÎÓÒÚÌÓÚÓ ‡Ì‡ÎËÁË‡ÌÂ Ì‡ „ÎÓ·‡ÎÌ‡Ú‡ confrontation between the two opposing
ÍÓÌÙÓÌÚ‡ˆËˇ ÏÂÊ‰Û ‰‚‡Ú‡ ÔÓÚË‚ÓÔÓÒ- camps which led to the emergence, expan- 7
Ú‡‚ˇ˘Ë ÒÂ Î‡„Â‡, ‰Ó‚ÂÎ‡ ‰Ó ‚˙ÁÌËÍ‚‡- sion and regulation of a number of regional
ÌÂ, ‡Á„‡ˇÌÂ Ë ÛÂ„ÛÎË‡ÌÂ Ì‡ Â‰Ëˆ‡ Â- crises.
„ËÓÌ‡ÎÌË ÍËÁË. The documents included in the collec-
ƒÓÍÛÏÂÌÚËÚÂ, ‚ÍÎ˛˜ÂÌË ‚ Ò·ÓÌË- tion of records are yet another proof of our
Í‡ Ò‡ ÔÓÂ‰ÌÓÚÓ ‰ÓÍ‡Á‡ÚÂÎÒÚ‚Ó Á‡ ÒËÎÌ‡- countryís strong dependence on the Soviet
Ú‡ Á‡‚ËÒËÏÓÒÚ Ì‡ ÒÚ‡Ì‡Ú‡ ÌË ÓÚ —˙‚ÂÚÒ- Union. They are an additional provocation
ÍËˇ Ò˙˛Á. “Ó‚‡ Â ‰ÓÔ˙ÎÌËÚÂÎÌ‡ ÔÓ‚ÓÍ‡- to foreign researchers because the archive
ˆËˇ Í˙Ï ˜ÛÊ‰ËÚÂ ËÁÒÎÂ‰Ó‚‡ÚÂÎË, Á‡˘ÓÚÓ documents included in the publication are a
‡ıË‚ÌËÚÂ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚË, ‚ÍÎ˛˜ÂÌË ‚ ÚÓ‚‡ true mirror of the political orientation and the
ËÁ‰‡ÌËÂ, Ò‡ ‚ˇÌÓ Ó„ÎÂ‰‡ÎÓ Ì‡ ÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒ- behaviour of the Soviet intelligence from the
Í‡Ú‡ ÓËÂÌÚ‡ˆËˇ Ë ÔÓ‚Â‰ÂÌËÂÚÓ Ì‡ ÛÒÍÓ- period of the early 1950s through the late
ÚÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ Á‡ ÔÂËÓ‰‡ ÓÚ Ì‡˜‡ÎÓÚÓ Ì‡ 1980s of the last century.
50-ÚÂ ‰Ó Í‡ˇ Ì‡ 80-ÚÂ „Ó‰ËÌË Ì‡ ÏËÌ‡ÎËˇ
‚ÂÍ. The facsimiles published in the collec-
tion follow a chronological order. We decided
œÛ·ÎËÍÛ‚‡ÌËÚÂ ‚ Ò·ÓÌËÍ‡ Ù‡ÍÒË- on this approach because it allows a more pre-
ÏËÎÂÚ‡ Ì‡ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚË Ò‡ ÔÓ‰Â‰ÂÌË ıÓ- cise investigation of the stages the Bulgarian
ÌÓÎÓ„Ë˜ÂÒÍË. »Á·‡ıÏÂ ÚÓÁË ÔÓ‰ıÓ‰, Á‡- intelligence went through. One can distinguish
˘ÓÚÓ Ú‡Í‡ ÔÓ-ÚÓ˜ÌÓ ÏÓ„‡Ú ‰‡ ÒÂ ÔÓÒÎÂ- the differences in the management style of
‰ˇÚ ÂÚ‡ÔËÚÂ, ÔÂÁ ÍÓËÚÓ ÔÂÏËÌ‡‚‡ ·˙Î-
individual Soviet party and state leaders as
„‡ÒÍÓÚÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ. ÃÓ„‡Ú ‰‡ ÒÂ ÓÚÍ-
well as of the heads of the KGB. The subjec-
ÓˇÚ ‡ÁÎËÍËÚÂ ‚ ÒÚËÎ‡ Ì‡ ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ÒÚ‚Ó
tive factor in the management of the state and
Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎÌËÚÂ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍË Ô‡ÚËÈÌË Ë ‰˙-
the secret services in the USSR had a direct
Ê‡‚ÌË ÎË‰ÂË, Í‡ÍÚÓ Ë Ì‡ ¯ÂÙÓ‚ÂÚÂ Ì‡
Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍÓÚÓ √¡. —Û·ÂÍÚË‚ÌËˇÚ Ù‡ÍÚÓ ‚ impact on the style and the working methods
ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂÚÓ Ì‡ ‰˙Ê‡‚‡Ú‡ Ë Ì‡ ÒÎÛÊ·Ë- of the Bulgarian secret services. This explains
ÚÂ ‚ ———– ÔˇÍÓ ÂÙÎÂÍÚË‡ ‚˙ıÛ ÒÚË- their own contribution to the exacerbation or
Î‡ Ë ÏÂÚÓ‰ËÚÂ Ì‡ ‡·ÓÚ‡ Ë Ì‡ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍË- the rapprochement of the relations between
ÚÂ ÒÎÛÊ·Ë. ŒÚÚ‡Ï Ë ÚÂıÌËˇÚ ÍÓÌÍÂÚÂÌ the two confronted world systems.
ÔËÌÓÒ Í˙Ï ËÁÓÒÚˇÌÂÚÓ ËÎË Í˙Ï Ò·ÎË- The volume of archive units on this
Ê‡‚‡ÌÂÚÓ ‚ ÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËˇÚ‡ ÏÂÊ‰Û ‰‚ÂÚÂ topic is truly enormous. At this point we lim-
ÍÓÌÙÓÌÚË‡˘Ë ÒÂ Ò‚ÂÚÓ‚ÌË ÒËÒÚÂÏË. ited ourselves to selecting the most im-
Œ·ÂÏ˙Ú Ì‡ ‡ıË‚ÌËÚÂ Â‰ËÌËˆË ÔÓ portant documents, a total
ÚÂÏ‡Ú‡ Â Ó„ÓÏÂÌ. Õ‡ ÚÓÁË ÂÚ‡Ô ÒÏÂ ÒÂ Ó„- of 53 agreements,
‡ÌË˜ËÎË ‚ ÔÓ‰·Ó‡ Ì‡ Ì‡È-ÁÌ‡˜ËÏËÚÂ ‰Ó- perspective plans, instructions, information
ÍÛÏÂÌÚË Í‡ÚÓ ÒÔÓ‡ÁÛÏÂÌËˇ, ÔÂÒÔÂÍÚË‚- papers, reports and notes. We found many of
ÌË ÔÎ‡ÌÓ‚Â, ËÌÒÚÛÍˆËË, ÒÔ‡‚ÍË, ‰ÓÍÎ‡- the copies of the documents in the archives
‰Ë, Á‡ÔËÒÍË - Ó·˘Ó 53 Ì‡ ·ÓÈ. ÓÔËˇ Ì‡ of the various departments of the Bulgarian
ÏÌÓ„Ó ÓÚ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚËÚÂ Ì‡ÏË‡ÏÂ ‚ ‡ıË- State Security Services. We selected only the
‚ËÚÂ Ì‡ ‡ÁÎË˜ÌËÚÂ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËˇ Ì‡ ƒ˙-
originals which were signed and stamped. This
Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ. –˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ËÎË ÒÏÂ ÒÂ ÓÚ
is why some of the documents are in Russian.
ÔËÌˆËÔ‡ ‰‡ Ú˙ÒËÏ ÓË„ËÌ‡ÎËÚÂ, ‚˙ıÛ
ÍÓËÚÓ ËÏ‡ ÔÓ‰ÔËÒË Ë ÔÂ˜‡ÚË. œÓ‡‰Ë Ú‡- We also publish some documents in Russian
ÁË ÔË˜ËÌ‡ ˜‡ÒÚ ÓÚ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚËÚÂ Ò‡ Ì‡ ÛÒ- because we did not find their translation in
ÍË ÂÁËÍ. Õ‡ ÛÒÍË ÂÁËÍ ÔÛ·ÎËÍÛ‚‡ÏÂ Ë Ï‡- our archives. We kept the original titles and
ÚÂË‡ÎË, Ì‡ ÍÓËÚÓ ÌÂ ÓÚÍË‚‡ÏÂ ÔÂ‚Ó‰Ë attached a brief annotation on the contents
‚ Ì‡¯ËÚÂ ‡ıË‚Ë. to each document.
—˙Ó·‡ÁÌÓ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ Ô‡‚ËÎ‡ Á‡ In accordance with the internal rules of
‡·ÓÚ‡ Ò ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚËÚÂ ÓÚ ˆÂÌÚ‡ÎËÁË‡- processing the documents belonging to the in-
ÌËˇ ‡ıË‚, Ò˙ı‡Ìˇ‚‡ÌË ‚ ‰ËÂÍˆËˇ ì¿- tegrated archive and conserved in the
ıË‚î Ì‡ ÍÓÏËÒËˇÚ‡, ‚ ÎÂ„ÂÌ‰‡Ú‡ Á‡ ÔÓËÁ- Commissionís Archive Department, we de-
8 ıÓ‰‡ Ì‡ ÓË„ËÌ‡Î‡ ÒÎÂ‰‚‡ÏÂ ÔËÌˆËÔ‡, scribed the origin of the documents in obser-
ÒÔÓÂ‰ ÍÓÈÚÓ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚËÚÂ ÒÂ ÓÚÌ‡ÒˇÚ Í˙Ï vance of the rule of attributing each docu-
ÚÓÁË ‡ıË‚ÂÌ ÙÓÌ‰, ÓÚ ÍÓÈÚÓ ÔÓËÁıÓÊ-
ment to the archive fund it derived from and
‰‡Ú, ‡ ‚˙ÚÂ ‚˙‚ ÙÓÌ‰‡(ÔÓ‰ÙÓÌ‰) Á‡Ô‡Á-
preserving the original order in the fund(sub-
‚‡Ú Ô˙‚ÓÌ‡˜‡ÎÌËˇ ÒË Â‰, ‰‡‰ÂÌ ÓÚ ÒÎÛÊ-
·ËÚÂ, ÍÓËÚÓ ÔÓ Á‡ÍÓÌ ÌË ÔÂ‰‡‚‡Ú ÚÂÁË Ï‡- fund) as determined by the services which de-
ÚÂË‡ÎË. livered these documents to us as prescribed
by the law.
¬ ËÁÔ˙ÎÌÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ˜Î. 31, ‡Î. 6 ÓÚ Á‡-
ÍÓÌ‡, ÍÓ„‡ÚÓ Ò˙‰˙Ê‡ÌËÂÚÓ Ì‡ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌ- In pursuance of article 31, paragraph 6
ÚËÚÂ ÏÓÊÂ Ò˙˘ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÓ ‰‡ Ì‡Û¯Ë Ô‡‚‡ from the Law, when the contents of the docu-
Ë Á‡ÍÓÌÌË ËÌÚÂÂÒË Ì‡ ÚÂÚË ÎËˆ‡, ÚÓ ÚÂı- ments could significantly break the rights and
ÌËÚÂ ËÏÂÌ‡ ÒÂ Á‡ÎË˜‡‚‡Ú. lawful interests of third persons their names
—Ô‡‚Ó˜ÌËˇÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú Í˙Ï ËÁ‰‡ÌËÂ- are being blacked out.
ÚÓ ‚ÍÎ˛˜‚‡ ÒÔËÒ˙Í Ì‡ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚËÚÂ Ì‡ The reference materials of the edition
·˙Î„‡ÒÍË Ë Ì‡ ‡Ì„ÎËÈÒÍË ÂÁËÍ, Ú‡·ÎË˜- include a list of the documents in Bulgarian
ÌÓ ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ˇÌÂ ÒÚÛÍÚÛËÚÂ Ì‡ √¡ Ë ƒ— and in English, charts of the structures of the
ÔÓ ‚ÂÏÂ Ì‡ ‡Á„ÎÂÊ‰‡ÌËˇ ÔÂËÓ‰, ËÏÂ-
KGB and the Bulgarian State Security Ser-
ÌÂÌ ÔÓÍ‡Á‡ÎÂˆ Ë ÒÔËÒ˙Í Ò ÚÂÏËÌË Ë Ò˙Í-
vices during the period under review, index
‡˘ÂÌËˇ. œÂ˜‡Ú˙Ú ìÕË‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ Í‚‡ÎËÙË-
Í‡ˆËˇ ÒÂ ÔÂÏ‡ı‚‡î Â ÌÂ‡Á‰ÂÎÌ‡ ˜‡ÒÚ ÓÚ and a list of terms and abbreviations. The
‡‚ÚÂÌÚË˜ÌÓÒÚÚ‡ Ì‡ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚËÚÂ, Á‡˘ÓÚÓ stamp reading ìThe level of classification is
Â Ò‚Ë‰ÂÚÂÎÒÚ‚Ó ÍÓ„‡ Ë Ì‡ Í‡Í‚Ó Á‡ÍÓÌÓ‚Ó waivedî represents an integral element of the
ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËÂ Â ‡ÁÒÂÍÂÚÂÌ‡ ‚ÒˇÍ‡ ‡ıË‚Ì‡ documentsí authenticity because it evidences
Â‰ËÌËˆ‡. when and on what legal grounds each archive
unit has been declassified.
Õ‡ÏÂÂÌËÂÚÓ ÌË Â Ì‡ ÒÎÂ‰‚‡˘ ÂÚ‡Ô
‰‡ Í‡˜ËÏ Ì‡ ÂÎÂÍÚÓÌÂÌ ÌÓÒËÚÂÎ ˆÂÎËˇ It is our intention in the future to up-
Ï‡ÒË‚ ÓÚ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚË ÔÓ ÚÂÏ‡Ú‡. load the entire record of documents.
“‡ÚˇÌ‡ »–fl Œ¬¿ Tatyana KIRYAKOVA

ÏÐÅÄÃÎÂÎÐ
ƒÓˆ. ‰- …Ó‰‡Ì ¡¿≈¬
¬ ÔÓ‰˙ÎÊÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ÔÓ˜ÚË ÔÓÎÓ‚ËÌ ‚ÂÍ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ Â ‚ ìÒÙÂ‡Ú‡ Ì‡ ‚ÎËˇÌËÂî Ì‡

Â‰Ì‡ ÓÚ ‰‚ÂÚÂ Ò‚˙ıÒËÎË ‚ ÒÎÂ‰‚ÓÂÌÌËˇ Ò‚ˇÚ, ÒÏˇÚ‡Ì‡ Â Á‡ ìÌ‡È-·ÎËÁ˙Í Ò‡ÚÂÎËÚî Ì‡
—˙‚ÂÚÒÍËˇ Ò˙˛Á Ë Ì‡È-‚ÂÂÌ Ò˙˛ÁÌËÍ ‚ ‡ÏÍËÚÂ Ì‡ ËÁÚÓ˜ÌÓÂ‚ÓÔÂÈÒÍËˇ ‚ÓÂÌÌÓÔÓÎË-
ÚË˜ÂÒÍË ·ÎÓÍ. “Ó‚‡ ÔÂ‰ÓÔÂ‰ÂÎˇ ÓÒÓ·ÂÌÓÚÓ ÁÌ‡˜ÂÌËÂ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍÓ-·˙Î„‡ÒÍËÚÂ ÓÚÌÓ-
¯ÂÌËˇ ‚ ËÒÚÓË˜ÂÒÍÓÚÓ ‡Á‚ËÚËÂ Ì‡ ÒÚ‡Ì‡Ú‡ ÒÎÂ‰ Í‡ˇ Ì‡ ¬ÚÓ‡Ú‡ Ò‚ÂÚÓ‚Ì‡ ‚ÓÈÌ‡.
—˙‚ÒÂÏ Á‡ÍÓÌÓÏÂÌÓ ÔÂÁ ÔÓÒÎÂ‰ÌËÚÂ ‰‚Â ‰ÂÒÂÚËÎÂÚËˇ ÒÎÂ‰ Ì‡˜‡ÎÓÚÓ Ì‡ ÔÂıÓ‰‡ Í˙Ï
ÔÎÛ‡ÎËÒÚË˜Ì‡ ‰ÂÏÓÍ‡ˆËˇ ‚ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ ·ˇı‡ ÓÒ˙˘ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌË ÌˇÍÓÎÍÓ ËÁÒÎÂ‰Ó‚‡ÚÂÎÒÍË
ÔÓÂÍÚ‡ Ë „ÓÎˇÏ ·ÓÈ Ì‡Û˜ÌË ‰ËÒÍÛÒËË ÔÓ Ú‡ÁË ÔÓ·ÎÂÏ‡ÚËÍ‡1 . «‡‰˙Î·Ó˜ÂÌÓÚÓ ‰ÓÍÛ-
ÏÂÌÚ‡ÎÌÓ ‡ÁÍË‚‡ÌÂ Ë ÔÓÛ˜‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ Â‰ËÌ ÓÚ ‚‡ÊÌËÚÂ ÔÓ·ÎÂÏË Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍÓ-·˙Î„‡- 9
ÒÍËÚÂ ÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËˇ ≠ Á‡ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ ‚ Ó·Î‡ÒÚÚ‡ Ì‡ ÓÚ·‡Ì‡Ú‡ Ë ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚÚ‡ ≠ ÓÒ-
Ú‡Ì‡ Ó·‡˜Â ËÁ‚˙Ì ÔÓÎÂÁÂÌËÂÚÓ Ì‡ ËÒÚÓË˜ÂÒÍ‡Ú‡ Ì‡ÛÍ‡. √Î‡‚Ì‡Ú‡ ÔË˜ËÌ‡ ·Â ÎËÔÒ‡-
Ú‡ Ì‡ ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰ËÏËˇ ‰ÓÒÚ˙Ô ‰Ó ‡ıË‚ËÚÂ Ì‡ Ó„‡ÌËÚÂ Á‡ Ì‡ˆËÓÌ‡ÎÌ‡ ÓÚ·‡Ì‡ Ë ÒË„Û-
ÌÓÒÚ Ë ‚ ‰‚ÂÚÂ ‰˙Ê‡‚Ë.
œÛ·ÎËÍÛ‚‡ÌËÚÂ ÌˇÍÓÎÍÓ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚ‡ÎÌË Ò·ÓÌËˆË ‚ ıÓÌÓÎÓ„Ë˜ÂÌ ÔÎ‡Ì Ó·ı‚‡-
˘‡Ú ÔÂ‰ËÏÌÓ Ô˙‚ÓÚÓ ìÒÚ‡ÎËÌÒÍÓî ÒÎÂ‰‚ÓÂÌÌÓ ‰ÂÒÂÚËÎÂÚËÂ Ë ÔÓ ÔËÌˆËÔ ÌÂ Ò˙‰˙-
Ê‡Ú ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚË ÓÚ ‡ıË‚ËÚÂ Á‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ2 . ¡˙Î„‡ÒÍ‡Ú‡ Ë ÛÒÍ‡Ú‡ ËÒÚÓËÓ„‡ÙËˇ Ó·˙-
Ì‡ı‡ ‚ÌËÏ‡ÌËÂ Â‰ËÌÒÚ‚ÂÌÓ Ì‡ Â‰ËÌ ÓÚ ‡ÒÔÂÍÚËÚÂ Ì‡ Ú‡ÁË ÔÓ·ÎÂÏ‡ÚËÍ‡ ≠ ÓÎˇÚ‡ Ì‡
Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍËÚÂ ËÌÒÚÛÍÚÓË/Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËˆË ÔË Ã¬– Á‡ Ó„‡ÌËÁË‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍËÚÂ ÂÔ-
ÂÒËË ‚ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ ÔÂÁ ÔÂËÓ‰‡ 1944-1949 „.3 ¬Á‡ËÏÓÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËˇÚ‡ ÏÂÊ‰Û √¡ Ë ƒ˙-
Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ ÔÂÁ ÒÎÂ‰‚‡˘ËÚÂ ˜ÂÚËË‰ÂÒÂÚ „Ó‰ËÌË ÓÚ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂÚÓ Ì‡ ¡ œ ÌÂ Ò‡
‡ÁÍË‚‡ÌË Ë ‡Ì‡ÎËÁË‡ÌË ‰ÓÒÂ„‡ ‚ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚ‡ÎÌË Ë Ì‡Û˜ÌË ÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡ˆËË. Õ‡‚ˇÌÓ Â‰ËÌ-
ÒÚ‚ÂÌÓÚÓ ËÁÍÎ˛˜ÂÌËÂ Â ËÌÚÂ‡ÍÚË‚ÌËˇÚ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚ‡ÎÂÌ Ò·ÓÌËÍ Á‡ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍËÚÂ ÒÔÂˆË-
‡ÎÌË ÒÎÛÊ·Ë ÓÚ 2005 „., ‚ ÍÓÈÚÓ Ì‡ÏÂËı‡ ÏˇÒÚÓ Ì‡‰ ‰‚ÂÒÚ‡ ÌÓ‚Ó‡ÁÍËÚË ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚË
Ì‡ ƒ˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ. ŒÚ Úˇı ¯ÂÒÚ‰ÂÒÂÚ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚË Ò‡ ÔÓÒ‚ÂÚÂÌË Ì‡ ÍÓÌÍÂÚÌ‡Ú‡
ÚÂÏ‡ Á‡ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ ÏÂÊ‰Û ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌËÚÂ Ë ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌË Ó„‡ÌË-
Á‡ˆËË Ì‡ ‰‚ÂÚÂ ÒÚ‡ÌË4 .
1
¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ ‚ ÒÙÂ‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍËÚÂ ËÌÚÂÂÒË. ¡˙Î„‡Ó-ÛÒÍË Ì‡Û˜ÌË ‰ËÒÍÛÒËË (—ÓÙËˇ: ¿Í‡‰ÂÏË˜-
ÌÓ ËÁ‰‡ÚÂÎÒÚ‚Ó ìÃ‡ËÌ ƒËÌÓ‚î, 1998); ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ ÏÂÊ‰Û ≈‚ÓÔ‡ Ë –ÛÒËˇ, (—ÓÙËˇ: ¡˙Î„‡ÒÍ‡ Ò·ËÍ‡, 1998);
¡˙Î„‡Ó-Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍË ÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍË Ë ‚ÓÂÌÌË ÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËˇ, Ú. 2, 1941-1947. —Ú‡ÚËË Ë ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚË (—ÓÙËˇ: ¬ÓÂÌÌÓ
ËÁ‰‡ÚÂÎÒÚ‚Ó, 1999); ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ Ë –ÛÒËˇ ÔÂÁ ’’ ‚ÂÍ, (—ÓÙËˇ: » √ÛÚÂÌ·Â„, 2000).
2
¬ÓÒÚÓ˜Ì‡ˇ ≈‚ÓÔ‡ ‚ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚ‡ı ÓÒÒËÈÒÍËı ‡ıË‚Ó‚ 1944-1953 „„. “. 1. 1944-1948 „„. (ÕÓ‚ÓÒË-
·ËÒÍ: —Ë·ËÒÍËÈ ıÓÌÓ„‡Ù, 1997); “. 2, 1949-1953. (ÕÓ‚ÓÒË·ËÒÍ: —Ë·ËÒÍËÈ ıÓÌÓ„‡Ù, 1998); —Ó‚ÂÚÒ-
ÍËÈ Ù‡ÍÚÓ ‚ ¬ÓÒÚÓ˜ÌÓÈ ≈‚ÓÔÂ. ƒÓÍÛÏÂÌÚ˚, Ú. 1, 1944-48 (ÃÓÒÍ‚‡: –Œ——œ›Õ, 1999); Ú. 2, 1949-53 (ÃÓÒ-
Í‚‡: –Œ——œ›Õ, 2002).
3
Õ‡È-ÌÓ‚ËÚÂ ÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡ˆËË Á‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍËÚÂ ìÒ˙‚ÂÚÌËˆËî ‚ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ: ¬ÓÎÓÍËÚËÌ‡ “. ¬., ÃÛ‡¯ÍÓ
√. œ., ÕÓÒÍÓ‚‡ ¿. ‘., œÓÍË‚‡ÈÎÓ‚‡ “. ¿.: ÃÓÒÍ‚‡ Ë ¬ÓÒÚÓ˜Ì‡ˇ ≈‚ÓÔ‡. —Ú‡ÌÓ‚ÎÂÌËÂ ÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍËı ÂÊËÏÓ‚
ÒÓ‚ÂÚÒÍÓ„Ó ÚËÔ‡ (1949-1953): Œ˜ÂÍË ËÒÚÓËË, (ÃÓÒÍ‚‡: –Œ——œ›Õ, 2008); œÂÚÓ‚, ÕËÍËÚ‡: ì—Ó‚ÂÚÌËÍË
Ã√¡ ———– ‚ ¡ÓÎ„‡ËË Ë ÔÓ‰„ÓÚÓ‚Í‡ ÔÓˆÂÒÒ‡ Ì‡‰ “‡È˜Ó ÓÒÚÓ‚˚Ïî, ¬: »ÒÚÓË˜ÂÒÍËÂ ˜ÚÂÌËˇ Ì‡ ÀÛ-
·ˇÌÍÂ, 1997-2007, (ÃÓÒÍ‚‡: Û˜ÍÓ‚Ó ÔÓÎÂ, 2008), Ò. 297-306.
4
¡‡Â‚, …Ó‰‡Ì; √ÓÁÂ‚, ÓÒÚ‡‰ËÌ; ÓÏËÚÒÍË, »‚‡Ì; ÃÎ‡‰ÂÌÓ‚, ¡ÓÈÍÓ; —Ú‡Ì˜Â‚, —Ú‡Ì˜Ó;
“Ó¯ÍÓ‚‡, ¬ËÚÍ‡ (–Â‰.), ¡˙Î„‡ÒÍËÚÂ ÒÔÂˆË‡ÎÌË ÒÎÛÊ·Ë ÔÂÁ „Ó‰ËÌËÚÂ Ì‡ —ÚÛ‰ÂÌ‡Ú‡
‚ÓÈÌ‡. CD ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚ‡ÎÂÌ Ò·ÓÌËÍ, (—ÓÙËˇ: » 96+, 2005).
≈‰‚‡ ÒÎÂ‰ ÔËÂÏ‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰ËÏ‡Ú‡ Ô‡‚ÌÓ-ÌÓÏ‡ÚË‚Ì‡ ÛÂ‰·‡ Á‡ ÓÒË„Ûˇ‚‡ÌÂ
Ì‡ ‰ÓÒÚ˙Ô ‰Ó ‡ıË‚ËÚÂ Ì‡ ƒ˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ Á‡ ÔÂËÓ‰‡ 1944-1991 „. ÒÚ‡Ì‡ ‚˙ÁÏÓÊ-
ÌÓ ÔÓ-Á‡‰˙Î·Ó˜ÂÌÓ Ë ˆˇÎÓÒÚÌÓ ÔÓÛ˜‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚ‡ˆËˇÚ‡ Á‡ ‚˙ÁÍËÚÂ Ë ‚Á‡ËÏÓ-
‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÂÚÓ Ò √¡5 . —Ú‡‚‡ ‚˙ÔÓÒ Á‡ Ì‡‰ 600 ‡ıË‚ÌË Â‰ËÌËˆË (ÔË·ÎËÁËÚÂÎÌÓ 15 000
‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚË), Ò˙ı‡Ìˇ‚‡ÌË ‚ ÒÎÛÊÂ·ÌËÚÂ ‡ıË‚ÌË ÙÓÌ‰Ó‚Â Ì‡ ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ ‚˙Ú-
Â¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË (Ã¬–) Ë Õ‡ˆËÓÌ‡ÎÌ‡Ú‡ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡ ÒÎÛÊ·‡ (Õ–—) Ì‡ –ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡
¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ. œÓ ÒËÎ‡Ú‡ Ì‡ ÔËÂÚËˇ ÓÚ Õ‡Ó‰ÌÓÚÓ Ò˙·‡ÌËÂ ÔÂÁ ‰ÂÍÂÏ‚Ë 2006 „. «‡ÍÓÌ
Á‡ ‰ÓÒÚ˙Ô Ë ‡ÁÍË‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚËÚÂ Ë Á‡ Ó·ˇ‚ˇ‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ÔËÌ‡‰ÎÂÊÌÓÒÚ Ì‡ ·˙Î„‡-
ÒÍË „‡Ê‰‡ÌË Í˙Ï ƒ˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ Ë ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌËÚÂ ÒÎÛÊ·Ë Ì‡ ¡Õ¿ ÓÚ 2007 „.
ÚÂÁË ‡ıË‚ÌË ÍÓÎÂÍˆËË Ò‡ Ò˙ÒÚ‡‚Ì‡ ˜‡ÒÚ ÓÚ ˆÂÌÚ‡ÎËÁË‡ÌËˇ ‡ıË‚ Ì‡ Ú. Ì‡. ÓÏËÒËˇ
ÔÓ ‰ÓÒËÂÚ‡Ú‡ ( –ƒŒœ¡√ƒ—–—¡Õ¿).
œÓ·ÎÂÏ‡ÚËÍ‡Ú‡ Á‡ ‰ÂÈÌÓÒÚÚ‡ Ì‡ ƒ˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ ‚ ‡ÏÍËÚÂ Ì‡ Œ„‡ÌËÁ‡-
ˆËˇÚ‡ Ì‡ ¬‡¯‡‚ÒÍËˇ ‰Ó„Ó‚Ó ÓÚÒ˙ÒÚ‚‡ Ë ‚ ˜ÛÊ‰ÂÒÚ‡ÌÌËÚÂ ÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡ˆËË ËÎË Ì‡È-Ï‡Î-
ÍÓÚÓ Â Ò˙‚ÒÂÏ ·Â„ÎÓ Ë ÒıÂÏ‡ÚË˜ÌÓ ÒÔÓÏÂÌ‡‚‡Ì‡, Á‡ ‡ÁÎËÍ‡ ÓÚ ËÒÚÓËˇÚ‡ Ì‡ ‰Û„Ë
ËÁÚÓ˜ÌÓÂ‚ÓÔÂÈÒÍË Ú‡ÈÌË ÒÎÛÊ·Ë. ¬ Ò˙˘ÓÚÓ ‚ÂÏÂ ÔÂÁ ÔÓÒÎÂ‰ÌËÚÂ „Ó‰ËÌË ‚ ÌˇÍÓË
ÒÚ‡ÌË ÓÚ ÷ÂÌÚ‡ÎÌ‡ Ë »ÁÚÓ˜Ì‡ ≈‚ÓÔ‡ ·ˇı‡ ËÁ‰‡‰ÂÌË Â‰Ëˆ‡ ÚÛ‰Ó‚Â Á‡ ÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËˇ-
Ú‡ Ò Õ ¬ƒ/ √¡6 Ë ÒÚ‡ÚË‡ı‡ ÌÓ‚Ë Â„ËÓÌ‡ÎÌË ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚ‡ÎÌË ÔÓÂÍÚË Ò Û˜‡ÒÚËÂÚÓ
10 Ì‡ Ô‡‚ËÚÂÎÒÚ‚ÂÌË ÍÓÏËÒËË Ë ËÁÒÎÂ‰Ó‚‡ÚÂÎÒÍË ˆÂÌÚÓ‚Â, ÒıÓ‰ÌË ÔÓ ÒÚ‡ÚÛÚ Ë ÙÛÌÍˆËË
Ì‡ Ò˙Á‰‡‰ÂÌ‡Ú‡ ÔÂ‰Ë ‰‚Â „Ó‰ËÌË ·˙Î„‡ÒÍ‡ ì ÓÏËÒËˇ ÔÓ ‰ÓÒËÂÚ‡Ú‡î.
¬ÍÎ˛˜ÂÌËÚÂ ‚ Ì‡ÒÚÓˇ˘Ëˇ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚ‡ÎÂÌ Ò·ÓÌËÍ Ï‡ÚÂË‡ÎË Ó·ı‚‡˘‡Ú ÔÂËÓ‰
ÓÚ ˜ÂÚËË‰ÂÒÂÚ „Ó‰ËÌË. ’ÓÌÓÎÓ„Ë˜Ì‡Ú‡ ‡ÏÍ‡ Â Ó·ÛÒÎÓ‚ÂÌ‡ ÓÚ Ì‡˜‡ÎÓÚÓ Ì‡ ÔÂÍË
‰‚ÛÒÚ‡ÌÌË ÍÓÌÒÛÎÚ‡ˆËË Ë ‰Ó„Ó‚ÓÂÌÓÒÚË ÏÂÊ‰Û ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌËÚÂ Ó„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËË Ì‡
¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ Ë ———– ÔÂÁ Ï‡È 1950 „. Ë ÓÚ Í‡ˇ Ì‡ ÔËÒ˙ÒÚ‚ËÂÚÓ Ì‡ √¡ ‚ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ
Ï‡ÎÍÓ ÔÂ‰Ë ‡ÁÔ‡‰‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ —˙‚ÂÚÒÍËˇ Ò˙˛Á ÔÂÁ ‰ÂÍÂÏ‚Ë 1991 „. œÓ ‚Ë‰ Ë ı‡‡ÍÚÂ
ÓÒÌÓ‚Ì‡Ú‡ ˜‡ÒÚ ÓÚ ÔÓ‰·‡ÌËÚÂ Ï‡ÚÂË‡ÎË ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚Îˇ‚‡Ú ÓÙËˆË‡ÎÌË ÒÔÓ‡ÁÛÏÂÌËˇ,
ÔÓÚÓÍÓÎË, ÍÓÏ˛ÌËÍÂÚ‡ Ë ÔÂÒÔÂÍÚË‚ÌË ÔÎ‡ÌÓ‚Â Á‡ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó ÏÂÊ‰Û √¡ Ë
ƒ—. —Â‰ ÔÛ·ÎËÍÛ‚‡ÌËÚÂ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚË Ò‡ Ë Á‡ÔËÒË ÓÚ ·ÂÒÂ‰Ë Ë ‡Á„Ó‚ÓË ÏÂÊ‰Û ˙ÍÓ‚Ó-
‰ËÚÂÎËÚÂ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍËÚÂ Ë ·˙Î„‡ÒÍËÚÂ ÒÎÛÊ·Ë Á‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ, ‰ÓÍÎ‡‰ÌË Á‡ÔËÒÍË, ·Â-
ÎÂÊÍË, ÓÚ˜ÂÚË, ÒÔ‡‚ÍË, ËÌÒÚÛÍÚË‚ÌË Ï‡ÚÂË‡ÎË Ë ÍÓÂÒÔÓÌ‰ÂÌˆËˇ. ƒÓÍÛÏÂÌÚËÚÂ Ò‡
ÓÚ ÙÓÌ‰Ó‚ÂÚÂ Ì‡ Ã¬– Ë Õ–— Ë ÔˇÍÓ Á‡Òˇ„‡Ú ‰ÂÈÌÓÒÚÚ‡ Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎÌËÚÂ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌË
Ë ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌË ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËˇ Ì‡ ƒ˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ. »Á‰‡ÌËÂÚÓ Â ÙÓÚÓÚËÔÌÓ
Ò ˆÂÎ ‡ıË‚ÌËÚÂ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚË ‰‡ ·˙‰‡Ú ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ÂÌË ‚ ÚÂıÌËˇ ‡‚ÚÂÌÚË˜ÂÌ ‚Ë‰. œÓ‰„ÓÚÓ‚-
Í‡Ú‡ Ì‡ ÙÓÚÓÚËÔÌË ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚ‡ÎÌË ËÁ‰‡ÌËˇ ÒÂ ÛÚ‚˙‰Ë ‚ ÔÓÒÎÂ‰ÌËÚÂ „Ó‰ËÌË Ë ‚ ÏÂÊ‰Û-
Ì‡Ó‰Ì‡Ú‡ Ô‡ÍÚËÍ‡, Ò ÔÛ·ÎËÍÛ‚‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ÔËÏÂ Ì‡ ÍÓÎÂÍˆËË ÓÚ ‰ÂÍÎ‡ÒËÙËˆË‡ÌË ‰Ó-
ÍÛÏÂÌÚË Ì‡ —Â‚ÂÌÓ‡ÚÎ‡ÌÚË˜ÂÒÍËˇ Ò˙˛Á Ë ÷ÂÌÚ‡ÎÌÓÚÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ
Ì‡ —¿Ÿ Â‰ÌÓ‚ÂÏÂÌÌÓ Ì‡ ı‡ÚËÂÌ Ë ÂÎÂÍÚÓÌÂÌ ÌÓÒËÚÂÎ7 .
»ÒÚÓË˜ÂÒÍ‡Ú‡ ÒÚÓÈÌÓÒÚ Ì‡ ÔÓ‰·‡ÌËÚÂ Á‡ ÔÂ‰Î‡„‡ÌËˇ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚ‡ÎÂÌ Ò·ÓÌËÍ
5
¬ÒÎÂ‰ÒÚ‚ËÂ Ì‡ ˆÂÎÂÌ‡ÒÓ˜ÂÌ‡ ËÁÒÎÂ‰Ó‚‡ÚÂÎÒÍ‡ ‡·ÓÚ‡ ‚ ‡ıË‚ËÚÂ Ì‡ ƒ˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ ÔÂÁ
ÔÓÒÎÂ‰ÌËÚÂ ‰‚‡Ì‡‰ÂÒÂÚ „Ó‰ËÌË ÒÚ‡Ì‡ ‚˙ÁÏÓÊÌÓ Ò˙Á‰‡‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ Ô˙‚ÓÚÓ ÏÓÌÓ„‡ÙË˜ÌÓ Ì‡Û˜ÌÓ ËÁ‰‡ÌËÂ ÔÓ
ÚÂÏ‡Ú‡ Á‡ ‚˙ÁÍËÚÂ ÏÂÊ‰Û √¡ Ë ƒ— ≠ ¡‡Â‚, …Ó‰‡Ì: √¡ ‚ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ. —˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ ÏÂÊ‰Û Ò˙‚ÂÚ-
ÒÍËÚÂ Ë ·˙Î„‡ÒÍËÚÂ Ú‡ÈÌË ÒÎÛÊ·Ë, 1944-1991 (—ÓÙËˇ: ¬ÓÂÌÌÓ ËÁ‰‡ÚÂÎÒÚ‚Ó, 2009).
6
Handbuch der kommunistischen Geheimdienste in Osteuropa 1944-1991 (Berlin: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht,
2008); NKVD/KGB Activities and its Cooperation with other Secret Services in Central and Eastern Europe 1945-
1989, Vol. I (Bratislava: UPN, 2008); Vol. II, (Prague: USTR, 2009 ≠ ÔÓ‰ ÔÂ˜‡Ú).
7
The Soviet Estimate: U.S. Analysis of the Soviet Union, 1947-1991 (Alexandria, VA: Chadwick Healey,
1995); Assessing the Soviet Threat. The early Cold War years, (Washington DC: Center for the Study of Intelligence,
1997); NATO Strategy Documents, 1949-1969, (Brussels: NATO Archives Office, 1999); Tracking the Dragon:
Selected National Intelligence Estimates on China, 1948-1976 (Washington DC: National Intelligence Council,
2004); YUGOSLAVIA: From ìNational Communismî to National Collapse. US Intelligence Community
Estimative Products on Yugoslavia, 1948-1990 (Washington DC: National Intelligence
Council, 2006).
‡ıË‚ÌË Ï‡ÚÂË‡ÎË ÒÂ ÔÓ‚Ë¯‡‚‡ Ë ÓÚ Ó·ÒÚÓˇÚÂÎÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ, ˜Â ‡Ì‡ÎÓ„Ë˜ÌËÚÂ ÍÓÎÂÍˆËË Ò
‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚË Ì‡ Ó„‡ÌËÚÂ Á‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ ‚ ÛÒÍËÚÂ ‰˙Ê‡‚ÌË ‡ıË‚Ë ‚ÒÂ Ó˘Â Ò‡ ÌÂ‰ÓÒÚ˙Ô-
ÌË Á‡ ËÁÒÎÂ‰Ó‚‡ÚÂÎËÚÂ. »ÁÍÎ˛˜ÂÌËÂ ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚Îˇ‚‡Ú Â‰Ëˆ‡ ÔÓ-Ó·˘Ë Ï‡ÚÂË‡ÎË Ì‡ √¡
ÓÚ ÙÓÌ‰Ó‚ÂÚÂ Ì‡ ÷ Ì‡ œ—— Ë Ì‡ ÔÂÁË‰ÂÌÚ‡ Ì‡ –ÛÒÍ‡Ú‡ ÙÂ‰Â‡ˆËˇ (Ú. Ì‡. ìŒÒÓ·˚Â
Ô‡ÔÍËî), ÍÓËÚÓ ·ˇı‡ ÒÔÓ‡‰Ë˜ÌÓ ‡ÁÍËÚË ‚ Ì‡˜‡ÎÓÚÓ Ì‡ 90-ÚÂ „Ó‰ËÌË Ì‡ ’’ ‚ÂÍ8 .
≈‰ËÌÒÚ‚ÂÌ‡Ú‡ ÓÙËˆË‡ÎÌ‡ ÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡ˆËˇ Ì‡ ÌˇÍÓÎÍÓ ÓÔÂ‡ÚË‚ÌË ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚË ÓÚ ‡ıË‚‡ Ì‡
—ÎÛÊ·‡Ú‡ Á‡ ‚˙Ì¯ÌÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ (—¬–) Ì‡ –‘ ÒÂ ÔÓˇ‚Ë ‚ ÒÂ‰‡Ú‡ Ì‡ 90-ÚÂ „Ó‰ËÌË ‚
ÔÓˆÂÒ‡ Ì‡ ÔÓ‰„ÓÚÓ‚Í‡ Ì‡ ¯ÂÒÚÚÓÏÌ‡ ËÒÚÓËˇ Ì‡ ÛÒÍÓÚÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ ÔÓ‰ Â‰‡ÍˆËˇÚ‡
Ì‡ ‡Í‡‰. ≈‚„ÂÌËÈ œËÏ‡ÍÓ‚9 . ¬ ÔÓÒÎÂ‰ÌÓÚÓ ‰ÂÒÂÚËÎÂÚËÂ ‚ ÃÓÒÍ‚‡ ·ˇı‡ ËÁ‰‡‰ÂÌË Ò˙-
˘Ó ˆÂÌÌË ÒÔ‡‚Ó˜ÌË ËÁ‰‡ÌËˇ Á‡ ËÒÚÓË˜ÂÒÍÓÚÓ ‡Á‚ËÚËÂ, ÒÚÛÍÚÛ‡Ú‡ Ë ÙÛÌÍˆËËÚÂ Ì‡
Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍËÚÂ ÒÎÛÊ·Ë Á‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ, ‚ ÍÓËÚÓ ·ˇı‡ ‚ÍÎ˛˜ÂÌË Â‰Ëˆ‡ ËÌÒÚÛÍÚË‚ÌË Ë Ó„‡-
ÌËÁ‡ˆËÓÌÌË Ï‡ÚÂË‡ÎË10 . ¬˙ÔÂÍË Ì‡ÎË˜ËÂÚÓ Ì‡ Ò‡‚ÌËÚÂÎÌÓ „ÓÎˇÏ ·ÓÈ ÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡-
ˆËË Á‡ Õ ¬ƒ/ √¡, ‚ –ÛÒËˇ Á‡ÒÂ„‡ ÌÂ Â ËÁÎˇÁ˙Î ÌËÚÓ Â‰ËÌ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚ‡ÎÂÌ ËÎË Ì‡Û˜ÂÌ
ÚÛ‰ Á‡ ‚Á‡ËÏÓÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËˇÚ‡ Ë Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ √¡ Ò˙Ò ÒÎÛÊ·ËÚÂ Á‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ ‚
ÓÒÚ‡Ì‡ÎËÚÂ ÒÚ‡ÌË ˜ÎÂÌÍË Ì‡ ¬‡¯‡‚ÒÍËˇ Ô‡ÍÚ. –Â‰Ëˆ‡ ËÌÚÂÂÒÌË ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚ‡ÎÌË Ï‡-
ÚÂË‡ÎË Á‡ ‰ÂÈÌÓÒÚÚ‡ Ì‡ √¡ Á‡‰ „‡ÌËˆ‡, Á‡Òˇ„‡˘Ë ˜‡ÒÚË˜ÌÓ Ë ‰ÂÈÌÓÒÚÚ‡ Ì‡ ËÁÚÓ˜-
ÌÓÂ‚ÓÔÂÈÒÍËÚÂ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌË ÒÎÛÊ·Ë, ·ˇı‡ ÔÛ·ÎËÍÛ‚‡ÌË ‚ ÔÓÒÎÂ‰ÌËÚÂ ‰‚‡‰ÂÒÂÚ „Ó-
‰ËÌË Ì‡ «‡Ô‡‰.11 11
¡ËıÏÂ ÏÓ„ÎË ‰‡ Ó·ÓÒÓ·ËÏ ˜ÂÚËË ÓÚÌÓÒËÚÂÎÌÓ Ò‡ÏÓÒÚÓˇÚÂÎÌË ÔÂËÓ‰Ë ‚ ‡Á‚Ë-
ÚËÂÚÓ Ì‡ ‚˙ÁÍËÚÂ Ë ‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÂÚÓ ÏÂÊ‰Û Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍËÚÂ Ë ·˙Î„‡ÒÍËÚÂ ÒÔÂˆË‡ÎÌË
ÒÎÛÊ·Ë, ‚ÒÂÍË ÓÚ Úˇı ‡Á‰ÂÎÂÌ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌÓ Ì‡ ‰‚‡-ÚË ÂÚ‡Ô‡. √Î‡‚ÌËÚÂ ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËˇ Á‡
ÔÂ‰Î‡„‡Ì‡Ú‡ ÔÂËÓ‰ËÁ‡ˆËˇ ÒÂ Ó·ÛÒÎ‡‚ˇÚ ÓÚ ‡‰ËÍ‡ÎÌËÚÂ ÔÓÏÂÌË ‚ ÒÚÛÍÚÛ‡Ú‡, ˙-
ÍÓ‚Ó‰ÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ, ÙÓÏËÚÂ Ë Ì‡ÒÓÍËÚÂ Ì‡ ‰ÂÈÌÓÒÚ Ì‡ Ã√¡/ √¡. ¬ „Ó‰ËÌËÚÂ Ì‡ —ÚÛ‰ÂÌ‡Ú‡
‚ÓÈÌ‡ —˙‚ÂÚÒÍËˇÚ Ò˙˛Á ÌÂËÁÏÂÌÌÓ Ë„‡Â ‚Ó‰Â˘‡ ÓÎˇ, ‰ÓÍ‡ÚÓ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ Ë ÓÒÚ‡Ì‡ÎËÚÂ
ÒÚ‡ÌË ÓÚ ËÁÚÓ˜ÌÓÂ‚ÓÔÂÈÒÍËˇ ‚ÓÂÌÌÓÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍË ·ÎÓÍ Ì‡È-˜ÂÒÚÓ ÓÚ‡Áˇ‚‡Ú Ë ‚˙ÁÔ-
ËÂÏ‡Ú ÎÓˇÎÌÓ ÔÓÏÂÌËÚÂ ‚˙‚ ‚˙Ì¯ÌÓÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍ‡Ú‡ ÎËÌËˇ Ì‡ ÂÏ˙Î. ¬ ÒÚÛÍÚÛÌÓ
Ë ÙÛÌÍˆËÓÌ‡ÎÌÓ ÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËÂ Ó„‡ÌËÚÂ Á‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ ‚ »ÁÚÓ˜Ì‡ ≈‚ÓÔ‡ ÒÂ Ò˙Á‰‡‚‡Ú Í‡ÚÓ
ìÓ„ÎÂ‰‡ÎÂÌ Ó·‡Áî Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍËÚÂ ÒÔÂˆË‡ÎÌË ÒÎÛÊ·Ë, ÔÓ ËÁ‡Á‡ Ì‡ ËÁ‚ÂÒÚÌËˇ ÒÔÂˆË‡-
ÎËÒÚ ÔÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡ ËÒÚÓËˇ ƒÊÂÙË –Ë˜ÂÎÒ˙Ì12 . ŒÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËˇÚ‡ ÏÂÊ‰Û √¡ Ë ƒ˙-
Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ Ì‡Ô˙ÎÌÓ Ò˙ÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚‡Ú Ì‡ ÚÓ‚‡ ÒÛ·Ó‰ËÌ‡ˆËÓÌÌÓ ÔÓ‚Â‰ÂÌËÂ. œÂ‰‚Ë‰
Ò‚ÓËÚÂ ËÒÚÓËÍÓ-ÔÒËıÓÎÓ„Ë˜ÂÒÍË ÓÒÓ·ÂÌÓÒÚË, „ÂÓÒÚ‡ÚÂ„Ë˜ÂÒÍÓ ÔÓÎÓÊÂÌËÂ Ë ÓÔÂ‡-
ÚË‚ÌË ‚˙ÁÏÓÊÌÓÒÚË ·˙Î„‡ÒÍËÚÂ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌË Ë ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌË Ó„‡ÌËÁ‡-
ˆËË ÓÒ˙˘ÂÒÚ‚ˇ‚‡Ú ÒÔÂˆËÙË˜ÌË Á‡‰‡˜Ë Ë ˆÂÎË. Õ‡ÔËÏÂ, ‡ÍÓ ‚ ÒÎÛÊÂ·ÌËˇ Ê‡„ÓÌ Ì‡
√¡ ÔÓ‰ ì„Î‡‚ÂÌ ÔÓÚË‚ÌËÍî ÒÂ ‡Á·Ë‡ ‰Û„‡Ú‡ „ÎÓ·‡ÎÌ‡ ÒÛÔÂÒËÎ‡ Ë ÓÒÌÓ‚ÂÌ ÓÔÓ-
8
Õ‡ÔËÏÂ: ÓÁÎÓ‚, ¬., —. ÃËÓÌÂÌÍÓ (–Â‰.): ¿ıË‚ ÌÓ‚ÂÈ¯ÂÈ ËÒÚÓËË –ÓÒÒËË, Ú. 1, ìŒÒÓ·˚Â Ô‡Ô-
ÍËî …. ¬. —Ú‡ÎËÌ‡. »Á Ï‡ÚÂË‡ÎÓ‚ —ÂÍÂÚ‡Ë‡Ú‡ Õ ¬ƒ-Ã¬ƒ ———–, 1944-1953 (ÃÓÒÍ‚‡: ¡Î‡„Ó‚ÂÒÚ, 1994);
Û‰ˇ‚ˆÂ‚, ». (—˙ÒÚ.): ¿ıË‚˚ ÂÏÎˇ Ë —Ú‡ÓÈ ÔÎÓ˘‡‰Ë. ƒÓÍÛÏÂÌÚ˚ ÔÓ ìƒÂÎÛ œ——î (ÕÓ‚ÓÒË·ËÒÍ:
—Ë·ËÒÍËÈ ıÓÌÓ„‡Ù, 1995).
9
Russian Foreign Intelligence, A CD ROM Volume (Moscow: SVR RF, 1996).
10
Õ‡ÔËÏÂ: ÓÍÛËÌ, ¿ÎÂÍÒ‡Ì‰; œÂÚÓ‚, ÕËÍËÚ‡: ÀÛ·ˇÌÍ‡: ¬◊ -Œ√œ”-Õ ¬ƒ-Õ √¡-Ã¬ƒ-Ã√¡-
√¡. —Ô‡‚Ó˜ÌËÍ (ÃÓÒÍ‚‡: ÃÂÊ‰ÛÌ‡Ó‰Ì˚È ÙÓÌ‰ ìƒÂÏÓÍ‡ÚËˇî, 2003).
11
¿Ì‰˛, ËÒÚÓÙ˙; ÃËÚÓıËÌ, ¬‡ÒËÎËÈ: “‡ÈÌ‡Ú‡ ËÒÚÓËˇ Ì‡ √¡ ËÎË ‡ıË‚˙Ú Ì‡ ÃËÚÓıËÌ
(—ÓÙËˇ: “Û‰, 2001); Andrew, Christopher; Gordievsky, Oleg: Instructions From the Centre. Top Secret Files on
KGB Foreign Operations 1975-1985 (London, 1991); More Instructions from the Centre. Top Secret Files on KGB
Global Operations 1975-1985 (London, 1992); Andrew, Christopher, Mitrokhin, Vasili: The World Was Going Our
Way. The KGB and the Battle for the Third World (New York: Basic Books, 2005); Mitrokhin, Vasili: The KGB in
Afghanistan, CWIHP Working Paper π. 40 (Washington DC: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars,
2002); Haynes, John; Klehr, Harvey; Vassiliev, Alexander: Spies. The Rise and Fall of the KGB in America (New
Haven: Yale University Press, 2009).
12
Richelson, Jeffrey, Sword and Shield. The Soviet Intelligence and Security Apparatus
(Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing Company, 1986), p. 204.
ÌÂÌÚ —¿Ÿ, ‚ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚ‡ˆËˇÚ‡ Ì‡ ƒ˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ Ò˙˘ÓÚÓ ÔÓÌˇÚËÂ ÌÂˇ‰ÍÓ ‚ËÁË-
‡ ÓÒÌÓ‚ÌËˇÚ Â„ËÓÌ‡ÎÂÌ Ò˙ÔÂÌËÍ Ì‡ ¡‡ÎÍ‡ÌËÚÂ ≠ “ÛˆËˇ. Œ„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËÓÌÌËÚÂ ÔÓ-
ÏÂÌË ‚ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍËÚÂ ÒÎÛÊ·Ë Á‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ Ë ÚÂıÌËˇÚ ì‰ÌÂ‚ÂÌ Â‰î Ó·‡˜Â ÒÎÂ‰‚‡Ú ÙÛÌÍ-
ˆËÓÌ‡ÎÌËÚÂ ËÁÏÂÌÂÌËˇ ‚ √¡ Ë Ó·ËÍÌÓ‚ÂÌÓ Ò‡ Ò˙„Î‡ÒÛ‚‡ÌË Ò ÃÓÒÍ‚‡.
œ˙‚ËˇÚ ÔÂËÓ‰ ‚ÍÎ˛˜‚‡ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËˇÚ Ú. Ì‡. ÒÚ‡ÎËÌÒÍË ÔÂËÓ‰ ‚ ‡Á‚ËÚËÂÚÓ Ì‡
ËÁÚÓ˜ÌÓÂ‚ÓÔÂÈÒÍ‡Ú‡ ÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍ‡ ÒËÒÚÂÏ‡. “ÓÈ ·Ë ÏÓ„˙Î ‰‡ ·˙‰Â Ó·ÓÒÓ·ÂÌ ‚ ÚË ÔÓ‰-
ÔÂËÓ‰Ë: ÓÚ Ì‡‚ÎËÁ‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍËÚÂ ‚ÓÈÒÍË Ì‡ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍ‡ ÚÂËÚÓËˇ ÔÂÁ ÒÂÔÚÂÏ‚-
Ë 1944 „. ‰Ó Í‡ˇ Ì‡ ¬ÚÓ‡Ú‡ Ò‚ÂÚÓ‚Ì‡ ‚ÓÈÌ‡; ÔÂÁ Ú. Ì‡. ìÌ‡Ó‰ÌÓ‰ÂÏÓÍ‡ÚË˜ÂÌ
ÂÚ‡Ôî (1945-1948); ‚ „Ó‰ËÌËÚÂ Ì‡ ìÍ˙ÒÌËˇ ÒÚ‡ÎËÌËÁ˙Ïî (1949-1954). ¬ Ô˙‚ËÚÂ ‰‚‡ ÂÚ‡-
Ô‡ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ Â ËÁÍÎ˛˜ËÚÂÎÌÓ Ó·ÂÍÚ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍËÚÂ ÒÎÛÊ·Ë Á‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ, ‰ÓÍ‡ÚÓ ‚ ÚÂ-
ÚËˇ ÂÚ‡Ô ÒÂ Á‡·ÂÎˇÁ‚‡Ú Ô˙‚ËÚÂ ÙÓÏ‡ÎÌË ÂÎÂÏÂÌÚË Ì‡ ÏÂÊ‰Û‰˙Ê‡‚ÌÓ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒ-
Ú‚Ó, Ï‡Í‡ Ë ‚ ÛÒÎÓ‚ËˇÚ‡ Ì‡ ÔÓ‰˙ÎÊ‡‚‡˘‡ ÚÓÚ‡ÎÌ‡ ÒÛ·Ó‰ËÌ‡ˆËˇ.
¬ÚÓËˇÚ ÔÂËÓ‰ Á‡ÔÓ˜‚‡ Ò ÛÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ˇ‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ÏÌÓ„ÓÒÚ‡ÌÌÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌÓ Ò˙Ú-
Û‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó ÔÂÁ Ï‡Ú 1955 „. ‚ ‡ÏÍËÚÂ Ì‡ ÙÓÏË‡˘‡Ú‡ ÒÂ Œ„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËˇ Ì‡ ¬‡¯‡‚-
ÒÍËˇ ‰Ó„Ó‚Ó Ë ÔËÍÎ˛˜‚‡ Ò Ì‡ÁÌ‡˜‡‚‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ fiËÈ ¿Ì‰ÓÔÓ‚ Á‡ ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡
√¡ ÔÂÁ ‡ÔËÎ 1967 „. “ÓÈ Ò˙˘Ó ÏÓÊÂ ‰‡ ·˙‰Â ÛÒÎÓ‚ÌÓ ‡Á‰ÂÎÂÌ Ì‡ ÚË ˜‡ÒÚË, ‚
12 Á‡‚ËÒËÏÓÒÚ ÓÚ ÔÓÎËÚËÍ‡Ú‡ Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎÌËÚÂ ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ÒÚ‚‡ Ì‡ √¡ (1955-1958 „. ÔË »‚‡Ì
—ÂÓ‚, 1958-1961 „. ÔË ¿ÎÂÍÒ‡Ì‰˙ ÿÂÎÂÔËÌ, 1961-1967 „. ÔË ¬Î‡‰ËÏË —ÂÏË˜‡ÒÚ-
ÌË). ¬˙‚ ‚ÒÂÍË Â‰ËÌ ÓÚ ÓÚ‰ÂÎÌËÚÂ ÂÚ‡ÔË Â Á‡ÎÓÊÂÌÓ ÔÓ-Ì‡Ú‡Ú˙¯ÌÓÚÓ ‡Á‚ËÚËÂ Ë ‰ËÌ‡-
ÏËÁË‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ‰‚ÛÒÚ‡ÌÌËÚÂ ‚˙ÁÍË. ≈ÙÂÍÚË‚ÌËˇÚ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÂÌ Ó·ÏÂÌ Ë ÔÂËÓ‰Ë˜ÌË
‰‚ÛÒÚ‡ÌÌË ÍÓÌÒÛÎÚ‡ˆËË ÏÂÊ‰Û √¡ Ë ƒ— ÒÂ ÛÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ˇ‚‡Ú Í‡ÚÓ Ó·Ë˜‡ÈÌ‡ Ô‡ÍÚËÍ‡
ËÏÂÌÌÓ ‚ Ì‡˜‡ÎÓÚÓ Ì‡ 60-ÚÂ „Ó‰ËÌË Ì‡ ’’ ‚ÂÍ.
“ÂÚËˇÚ ÔÂËÓ‰ ÏÓÊÂ ‰‡ ÒÂ ÓÔÂ‰ÂÎË Í‡ÚÓ ìÂ‡Ú‡ ¿Ì‰ÓÔÓ‚î Ë ÒÂ Ò˙ÒÚÓË ÓÚ ‰‚‡
ÔÓ‰ÔÂËÓ‰‡: 1968-1972 Ë 1972-1981 „. ¬ Ô˙‚Ëˇ ÂÚ‡Ô Â ÛÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ÂÌ‡ ÓÍÓÌ˜‡ÚÂÎÌÓ ÒËÒÚÂ-
Ï‡Ú‡ Ì‡ ‰‚Û-ÚË„Ó‰Ë¯ÌË ÒÔÓ‡ÁÛÏÂÌËˇ Á‡ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó ÏÂÊ‰Û ÓÚ‰ÂÎÌËÚÂ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂ-
ÌËˇ Ë ÒÔÂˆË‡ÎËÁË‡ÌË ÓÚ‰ÂÎË Ë Â‰Ó‚ÌË ÒÂ˘Ë Ë ÔÂ„Ó‚ÓË Ì‡ Ì‡È-‚ËÒÓÍÓ ‡‚ÌË˘Â.
—ÎÂ‰ ÔÓÒÎÂ‰Ó‚‡ÚÂÎÌË ÒÏÂÌË Ì‡ ÚËÏ‡ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍË ÏËÌËÒÚË Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË
ÏÂÊ‰Û 1968-1973 „. Ë ‚ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ ÒÂ ÛÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ˇ‚‡ Ò‡‚ÌËÚÂÎÌÓ ÔÓ-ÒÚ‡·ËÎÌÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ
Ì‡ ÒÎÛÊ·ËÚÂ Á‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ. ¬ ÂÁÛÎÚ‡Ú Ì‡ ÔÓ‰ÔËÒ‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ‡ÏÍÓ‚ÓÚÓ ‰˙Î„ÓÒÓ˜ÌÓ ÒÔÓ-
‡ÁÛÏÂÌËÂ ÏÂÊ‰Û √¡ Ë Ã¬– ÓÚ 8 ‡ÔËÎ 1972 „. ÒÂ Ò˙Á‰‡‚‡Ú ÛÒÎÓ‚Ëˇ Á‡ Ì‡È-ËÌÚÂÌÁË‚-
ÌÓ ‡Á‚ËÚËÂ Ì‡ ÍÓÌÚ‡ÍÚËÚÂ Ë Ò˙‚ÏÂÒÚÌËÚÂ ÓÔÂ‡ˆËË ‚ ËÒÚÓËˇÚ‡ Ì‡ ÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËˇÚ‡ ÏÂÊ‰Û
ÒÎÛÊ·ËÚÂ Á‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ Ì‡ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ Ë ———–. ≈ÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÓ ÔÓ‰˙ÎÊÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ìÂ‡Ú‡ ¿Ì‰-
ÓÔÓ‚î Â ÔÓÒÎÂ‰Ì‡Ú‡ ˇÓÒÚÌ‡ ‚˙ÎÌ‡ Ì‡ ÓÊÂÒÚÓ˜ÂÌ‡ ‰‚ÛÔÓÎ˛ÒÌ‡ ÍÓÌÙÓÌÚ‡ˆËˇ ÏÂÊ‰Û
ÃÓÒÍ‚‡ Ë ¬‡¯ËÌ„ÚÓÌ ÔÂÁ 1982-1985 „.
◊ÂÚ‚˙ÚËˇÚ ÔÂËÓ‰ ‚ÍÎ˛˜‚‡ Ò˙˘Ó ‰‚‡ Ó·ÓÒÓ·ÂÌË ÂÚ‡Ô‡, ˜ËˇÚÓ ‡Á‰ÂÎÌ‡ ÎË-
ÌËˇ Â Ó·ÓÁÌ‡˜ÂÌ‡ ÓÚ ìÌÂÊÌËÚÂî Â‚ÓÎ˛ˆËË ‚ »ÁÚÓ˜Ì‡ ≈‚ÓÔ‡ Ë Ò˙·‡ˇÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ ¡Â-
ÎËÌÒÍ‡Ú‡ ÒÚÂÌ‡. ¬˙ÔÂÍË ÔÓÏÂÌÂÌ‡Ú‡ ÂÚÓËÍ‡ Ë ÔÛ·ÎË˜ÌÓ ‰ÂÍÎ‡Ë‡ÌË ˆÂÎË Ì‡
ìÔÂÂÒÚÓÈÍ‡Ú‡î Ë ìÌÓ‚ÓÚÓ ÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍÓ ÏËÒÎÂÌÂî, Î‡ÌÒË‡ÌË ÓÚ ÌÓ‚Ëˇ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍË ˙-
ÍÓ‚Ó‰ËÚÂÎ ÃËı‡ËÎ √Ó·‡˜Ó‚ ÔÂÁ 1985-1986 „., ‰Ó Í‡ˇ Ì‡ 80-ÚÂ „Ó‰ËÌË ‚ ‰ÂÈÌÓÒÚÚ‡
Ì‡ ÒÔÂˆË‡ÎÌËÚÂ ÒÎÛÊ·Ë ÌÂ ÒÂ Á‡·ÂÎˇÁ‚‡Ú ÚÓÎÍÓ‚‡ Ò˙˘ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌË ÔÓÏÂÌË. œÂÁ 1987-
1988 „. ‚ÒÂ Ô‡Í ÏÓÊÂÏ ˇÒÌÓ ‰‡ ‡Á„‡ÌË˜ËÏ ‚ÒÂ ÔÓ-ÁÌ‡˜ËÏË ‡ÁÎË˜Ëˇ ‚ ÔÓÎËÚËÍ‡Ú‡
Ì‡ ÃÓÒÍ‚‡ Ë —ÓÙËˇ Ë Â‡ÎÌÓ ì‰ËÙÂÂÌˆË‡ÌÂî ÏÂÊ‰Û ÓÚ‰ÂÎÌËÚÂ ËÁÚÓ˜ÌÓÂ‚ÓÔÂÈÒ-
ÍË Ò˙˛ÁÌËˆË ‚˙‚ ¬‡¯‡‚ÒÍËˇ Ô‡ÍÚ. –‡ÁÔ‡‰‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ ‚ÓÂÌÌÓÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍ‡Ú‡ Ó„‡ÌËÁ‡-
ˆËˇ ·ÂÎÂÊË Í‡ˇÚ Ì‡ ‡ÍÚË‚ÌÓÚÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌÓ Ë ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌÓ ‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒ-
Ú‚ËÂ ÏÂÊ‰Û ÃÓÒÍ‚‡ Ë —ÓÙËˇ, ÍÓÂÚÓ ËÏ‡ Ò˙‚ÒÂÏ ÙÓÏ‡ÎÌË ÔÓˇ‚ÎÂÌËˇ ‚ Á‡ÍÎ˛˜Ë-
ÚÂÎÌËˇ ÂÚ‡Ô (1990-1991 „.).
Õ‡˜‡ÎÌËÚÂ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚË Ì‡ Ò·ÓÌËÍ‡ Á‡ Ô˙‚ Ô˙Ú ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ˇÚ ‡‚ÚÂÌÚË˜ÌË Ò‚Ë‰Â-
ÚÂÎÒÚ‚‡ Á‡ ÓÎˇÚ‡ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍËÚÂ Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËˆË ÔË Ã¬– ÓÚ ‚ÂÏÂÚÓ Ì‡ ìÍ˙ÒÌËˇ
ÒÚ‡ÎËÌËÁ˙Ïî. ‡ÍÚÓ Â ‰Ó·Â ËÁ‚ÂÒÚÌÓ, Ô˙‚ËÚÂ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍË ìËÌÒÚÛÍÚÓ-
Ëî Í˙Ï Ã¬– ÔËÒÚË„‡Ú ‚ Ì‡˜‡ÎÓÚÓ Ì‡ ÓÍÚÓÏ‚Ë 1945 „. ‚ —Ó-
ÙËˇ. “Ó‚‡ Ò‡ ÔÓÎÍ. À. ¿. —ÚÛ‰ÌËÍÓ‚, ÔÓÎÍ. œ. ¬. √ÓÎÛ·ÂÌÍÓ Ë ÔÓ‰Ô. ». ». «ÂÎÂÌÒÍË ÓÚ
◊ÂÚ‚˙ÚÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ Õ‡Ó‰ÌËˇ ÍÓÏËÒ‡Ë‡Ú Á‡ ‰˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ (Õ √¡). ŒÒ-
ÌÓ‚Ì‡ ÚˇıÌ‡ ˆÂÎ Â ÓÒ˙˘ÂÒÚ‚ˇ‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ìÔÂÛÒÚÓÈÒÚ‚Óî ‚ ÒÚÛÍÚÛËÚÂ Ë ‰ÂÈÌÓÒÚÚ‡ Ì‡
ƒ˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ Ë ÏËÎËˆËˇÚ‡. √Ó‰ËÌ‡ ÔÓ-Í˙ÒÌÓ ìËÌÒÚÛÍÚÓËÚÂî ÓÚ Õ √¡ Û˜‡Ò-
Ú‚‡Ú ÎË˜ÌÓ ÔË Ù‡·ËÍÛ‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ Ò˙‰Â·ÌËÚÂ ÔÓˆÂÒË Á‡ ì‚ÓÂÌÌË ÍÓÌÒÔË‡ˆËËî, ˜ËˇÚÓ
ˆÂÎ Â ìÓÚÒÚ‡Ìˇ‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ Â‡ÍˆËÓÌÌÓ Ì‡ÒÚÓÂÌËÚÂ ÓÙËˆÂË Ë „ÂÌÂ‡ÎËî ÓÚ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍ‡Ú‡
‡ÏËˇ. œÂÁ ÎˇÚÓÚÓ Ì‡ 1947 „. ‚ ÒÎÂ‰ÒÚ‚ËÂÚÓ ÒÂ˘Û ÎË‰Â‡ Ì‡ Ô‡Î‡ÏÂÌÚ‡Ì‡Ú‡ ÓÔÓÁË-
ˆËˇ Ë Ì‡ ÓÔÓÁËˆËÓÌÌËˇ «ÂÏÂ‰ÂÎÒÍË Ò˙˛Á ÕËÍÓÎ‡ œÂÚÍÓ‚ ÒÂ ‚ÍÎ˛˜‚‡ ÌÓ‚ËˇÚ ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡-
‚ËÚÂÎ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍÓÚÓ ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÚ‚Ó Ì‡ ƒ˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ (Ã√¡) ìÃËÚˇî “ËÙÓÌÓ‚.
œÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ “ËÙÓÌÓ‚ ÔˇÍÓ Û˜‡ÒÚ‚‡ Ò˙˘Ó ‚ ‡ÁÔËÚËÚÂ ÒÂ˘Û ‡ÂÒÚÛ‚‡ÌËÚÂ ‚ Í‡ˇ Ì‡
1948 „. Â‚‡Ì„ÂÎËÒÚÍË Ô‡ÒÚÓË, ‡ ÔÂÁ ÁËÏ‡Ú‡ Ì‡ 1949 „. Á‡ Ô˙‚ Ô˙Ú ÙÓÏÛÎË‡ ìıËÔÓ-
ÚÂÁ‡Ú‡î Á‡ ì¯ÔËÓÌ‡Ê ‚ ÔÓÎÁ‡ Ì‡ ¬ÂÎËÍÓ·ËÚ‡ÌËˇî ÓÚ ÒÚ‡Ì‡ Ì‡ Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡-
ÚÂÎˇ Ì‡ ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÍËˇ Ò˙‚ÂÚ “‡È˜Ó ÓÒÚÓ‚. ¬ Ì‡˜‡ÎÓÚÓ Ì‡ ˛ÌË 1949 „. ‚ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ Ò‡
ËÁÔ‡ÚÂÌË ìÒÎÂ‰Ó‚‡ÚÂÎËÚÂ ÔÓ ÓÒÓ·ÂÌÓ ‚‡ÊÌË ‰ÂÎ‡î ‚ Ã√¡ ÔÓÎÍ. À. ¿. ÿ‚‡ˆÏ‡Ì (ËÁ-
‚ÂÒÚÂÌ ‚ —ÓÙËˇ Í‡ÚÓ ì„ÂÌ. ◊ÂÌÓ‚î) Ë ÔÓÎÍ. Ã. “. ÀËı‡˜Ó‚. “Â ËÏ‡Ú ‚‡ÊÌ‡ ÓÎˇ ‚
ÒÎÂ‰ÒÚ‚ËÂÚÓ ÒÂ˘Û “‡È˜Ó ÓÒÚÓ‚. œÓ‰ ÚˇıÌÓ ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ÒÚ‚Ó Â ËÁ„ÓÚ‚ÂÌ Ó·‚ËÌËÚÂÎÌËˇÚ
‡ÍÚ ‚ ÔÓˆÂÒ‡ ÒÂ˘Û ÓÒÚÓ‚ Ë ÓÒÚ‡Ì‡ÎËÚÂ Ó·‚ËÌˇÂÏË.
œÂÁ ÓÍÚÓÏ‚Ë 1949 „. ‚ ÂÏ˙Î ÛÚ‚˙Ê‰‡‚‡Ú ÔÂ‰ÎÓÊÂÌËÂ Á‡ ËÁ„‡Ê‰‡ÌÂ Ì‡ 13
ÔÓÒÚÓˇÌÂÌ Ò˙‚ÂÚÌË˜ÂÒÍË ËÌÒÚËÚÛÚ ÓÚ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍË ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ËÚÂÎË Í˙Ï ÒÎÛÊ·ËÚÂ Á‡ ÒË„Û-
ÌÓÒÚ ‚ ËÁÚÓ˜ÌÓÂ‚ÓÔÂÈÒÍËÚÂ ÒÚ‡ÌË. ¬ ËÁÔ˙ÎÌÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ÔËÂÚÓÚÓ Â¯ÂÌËÂ, ÔÂÁ ‰ÂÍÂÏ-
‚Ë 1949 „. ‚ —ÓÙËˇ ÔËÒÚË„‡ Ô˙‚‡Ú‡ ÓÙËˆË‡ÎÌ‡ „ÛÔ‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍË Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËˆË ÔË Ã¬–.
œÂÁ Ï‡Ú 1950 „. ÓÚ √ÂÏ‡ÌËˇ ‚ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ ÔËÒÚË„‡ Ì‡ÁÌ‡˜ÂÌËˇÚ Á‡ ÒÚ‡¯Ë Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ
„ÂÌ. —. ». ‘ËÎ‡ÚÓ‚. »Á‚ÂÒÚÌÓ Â ÔÓ‚Â‰ÂÌËÂÚÓ Ì‡ „ÂÌ. ‘ËÎ‡ÚÓ‚ ‚ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ, ÔÓ-Í˙ÒÌÓ
ÔÛ·ÎË˜ÌÓ Ó·‚ËÌÂÌ, ˜Â ÒÂ ÓÔËÚ‡Î ‰‡ Ò˙Á‰‡‰Â ì‚ÚÓË ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ÂÌ ˆÂÌÚ˙ ‚ Ã¬–î. “ÓÈ ÌÂ
Ò‡ÏÓ ìÌ‡‰ÁË‡‚‡î, ÌÓ Ë Û˜‡ÒÚ‚‡ ÎË˜ÌÓ ‚ ‡ÁÔËÚËÚÂ Ì‡ ‡ÂÒÚÛ‚‡ÌËÚÂ ìÚËÚÓ‚ˆËî Ë ì‡Ì„-
ÎÓ-‡ÏÂËÍ‡ÌÒÍË ¯ÔËÓÌËî. —˙˘ÂÒÚ‚Û‚‡Ú Â‰Ëˆ‡ Ò‚Â‰ÂÌËˇ, ÔÓÚ‚˙‰ÂÌË ‚ÔÓÒÎÂ‰ÒÚ‚ËÂ
ÓÚ ‡‚ÚÓËÚÂÚÌË ËÁÚÓ˜ÌËˆË Í‡ÚÓ ÕËÍËÚ‡ ’Û¯˜Ó‚ Ë ¿Ì‡ÒÚ‡Ò ÃËÍÓˇÌ, ˜Â ·˙Î„‡ÒÍËˇÚ
ÔÂÏËÂ ¬˙ÎÍÓ ◊Â‚ÂÌÍÓ‚ ËÌÙÓÏË‡Î ÎË˜ÌÓ …ÓÒËÙ —Ú‡ÎËÌ ˜ÂÁ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍËˇ ÔÓÒÎ‡-
ÌËÍ ‚ —ÓÙËˇ ÃËı‡ËÎ ¡Ó‰Ó‚ Á‡ Ò˙Á‰‡ÎÓÚÓ ÒÂ ÌÂÚ˙ÔËÏÓ ÔÓÎÓÊÂÌËÂ ‚ Ã¬–. —ÍÓÓ
ÒÎÂ‰ ‡ÂÒÚ‡ Ì‡ ÏËÌËÒÚ˙‡ Ì‡ ‰˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ Ì‡ ———– „ÂÌ. ¬. —. ¿·‡ÍÛÏÓ‚ ÔÂÁ
˛ÎË 1951 „. ÓÚ —ÓÙËˇ Â ÓÚÁÓ‚‡Ì Ë ‚ÔÓÒÎÂ‰ÒÚ‚ËÂ ‡ÂÒÚÛ‚‡Ì ÌÂ„Ó‚ËˇÚ ÔË·ÎËÊÂÌ „ÂÌ.
‘ËÎ‡ÚÓ‚.
—˙‚ÂÚÌË˜ÂÒÍËˇÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú ÔË Ã¬– Â Ì‡È-„ÓÎˇÏ ËÏÂÌÌÓ ‚ ÚÓÁË ÔÂËÓ‰ (1951-1954).
‡ÍÚÓ ÒÂ ‚ËÊ‰‡ ÓÚ ÔÓÏÂÒÚÂÌËˇ ‚ Ò·ÓÌËÍ‡ ÒÔËÒ˙Í Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍË Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËˆË ÔË Ã¬–,
ÔÂÁ ˛ÎË 1953 „. ÚÂıÌËˇÚ ·ÓÈ Â 33 ‰Û¯Ë, ‚ÍÎ˛˜ËÚÂÎÌÓ Ë ÚÂıÌË˜ÂÒÍËˇÚ ÔÂÒÓÌ‡Î. œÂÁ
ÔÂËÓ‰‡ 1958-1960 „. ÒÂ ËÁ‚˙¯‚‡Ú ÔÓÏÂÌË ‚ ÒÚ‡ÚÛÚ‡ Ë Ò˙ÒÚ‡‚‡ Ì‡ ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ËÚÂÎÒÚ‚‡-
Ú‡ Ì‡ √¡ ‚ »ÁÚÓ˜Ì‡ ≈‚ÓÔ‡. “Â Á‡ÔÓ˜‚‡Ú ‰‡ ÒÂ Ì‡Ë˜‡Ú ìÍÓÌÒÛÎÚ‡ÌÚÒÍË „ÛÔËî Ë
·ÓˇÚ ËÏ Ó·ËÍÌÓ‚ÂÌÓ ÌÂ Ì‡‰ı‚˙Îˇ 10-15 ÓÙËˆÂË, ‡Ú‡¯Ë‡ÌË Í˙Ï Ò˙ÓÚ‚ÂÚÌËÚÂ ‡-
ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌË Ë ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌË ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËˇ ‚ ƒ˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ Ë ‚ ƒËÂÍ-
ˆËˇ ìÕ‡Ó‰Ì‡ ÏËÎËˆËˇî.
Õ‡ 12 ‡ÔËÎ 1950 „. œÓÎËÚ·˛Ó Ì‡ ÷ Ì‡ ¬ œ (·) ÛÚ‚˙Ê‰‡‚‡ ÒÔÂˆË‡ÎÌÓ Â¯Â-
ÌËÂ Á‡ ÛÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ˇ‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ÓÙËˆË‡ÎÌË ÍÓÌÚ‡ÍÚË ÏÂÊ‰Û Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍÓÚÓ ‚˙Ì¯ÌÓÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍÓ
‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ Ë Ò˙ÓÚ‚ÂÚÌËÚÂ Ó„‡ÌË ‚ ËÁÚÓ˜ÌÓÂ‚ÓÔÂÈÒÍËÚÂ ÒÚ‡ÌË. ¬ ÔÓÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ÎÂÌËÂÚÓ
ÒÂ ÔÂ‰‚ËÊ‰‡ ÓÍ‡Á‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ‚Á‡ËÏÌ‡ ÔÓÏÓ˘ ‚ ·Ó·‡Ú‡ ÒÂ˘Û „Î‡‚ÌËˇ ÔÓÚË‚ÌËÍ ≠ ìËÏ-
ÔÂË‡ÎËÒÚË˜ÂÒÍËÚÂ ‰˙Ê‡‚Ë Ë ÍÎËÍ‡Ú‡ Ì‡ “ËÚÓî. ¬ ‰Ûı‡ Ì‡ ÛÚ‚˙‰ÂÌËÚÂ ÓÚ ÂÏ˙Î
‰ËÂÍÚË‚Ë, Ì‡ 27 Ï‡È ‚ ÃÓÒÍ‚‡ ÒÂ ÔÓ‚ÂÊ‰‡ ÒÂÍÂÚÌÓ ‰‚ÛÒÚ‡ÌÌÓ Ò˙‚Â˘‡ÌËÂ Á‡ ÔÓ‰ÔÓ-
Ï‡„‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍÓÚÓ ‚˙Ì¯ÌÓÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ.
Õ‡ 12 ˛ÌË 1950 „. ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ËÚÂÎˇÚ Ì‡ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍ‡Ú‡ ‰ÂÎÂ„‡ˆËˇ „ÂÌ. ’ËÒÚÓ ¡ÓÂ‚
ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ˇ ÔÓ‰Ó·ÂÌ ‰ÓÍÎ‡‰ Á‡ ‚Ó‰ÂÌËÚÂ ‚ ÃÓÒÍ‚‡ ‡Á„Ó‚ÓË. ¡˙Î„‡ÒÍ‡Ú‡ ‰Â-
ÎÂ„‡ˆËˇ ÔÓÎÛ˜ËÎ‡ ËÌÒÚÛÍˆËË ÓÚ ÀÛ·ˇÌÍ‡ ‰‡ ÓËÂÌÚË‡ Ò‚ÓˇÚ‡ ‰ÂÈ-
ÌÓÒÚ ‚ ˜ÂÚËË Ì‡Ô‡‚ÎÂÌËˇ: ‡) ÒÂ˘Û fi„ÓÒÎ‡‚Ëˇ, —¿Ÿ Ë ¬Â-
ÎËÍÓ·ËÚ‡ÌËˇ; ·) Ì‡ ÚÂËÚÓËˇÚ‡ Ì‡ “ÛˆËˇ, √˙ˆËˇ, »Á‡ÂÎ Ë ≈„ËÔÂÚ; ‚) Ì‡ ÚÂËÚÓ-
ËˇÚ‡ Ì‡ ¿‚ÒÚËˇ Ë √ÂÏ‡ÌËˇ; „) ‚ ‰Û„Ë Á‡Ô‡‰ÌÓÂ‚ÓÔÂÈÒÍË ÒÚ‡ÌË (‘‡ÌˆËˇ, »Ú‡-
ÎËˇ, ÿ‚ÂÈˆ‡Ëˇ, ¡ÂÎ„Ëˇ). √Î‡‚ÌË Ó·ÂÍÚË Á‡ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ ‚ ÚÂÁË ‰˙Ê‡‚Ë Ò‡ ÏËÌËÒÚÂ-
ÒÚ‚‡Ú‡ Ì‡ ‚˙Ì¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË, ÓÚ·‡Ì‡Ú‡ Ë ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË; ‡Ì„ÎÓ-‡ÏÂËÍ‡ÌÒÍË ‡-
ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌË ˆÂÌÚÓ‚Â Ì‡ ÚˇıÌ‡ ÚÂËÚÓËˇ; ÒÚÓÔ‡ÌÒÍË Û˜ÂÊ‰ÂÌËˇ; ÂÏË„‡ÌÚÒÍË Ó-
„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËË. ¡˙Î„‡ÒÍ‡Ú‡ ‰ÂÎÂ„‡ˆËˇ ÔÓÎÛ˜‡‚‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍË ÔÓÂÍÚ Á‡ ÒÚÛÍÚÛ‡ Ì‡ ·˙‰Â-
˘ÓÚÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ ‚ ƒ˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ. œÂ‰‚ËÊ‰‡ ÒÂ ÙÓÏË‡ÌÂ Ì‡
˜ÂÚËË ÓÚ‰ÂÎ‡, Ô˙‚ËˇÚ ÓÚ ÍÓËÚÓ ‚ÍÎ˛˜‚‡ ˜ÂÚËË ÎËÌÂÈÌË (ÚÂËÚÓË‡ÎÌË) ÓÚ‰ÂÎÂ-
ÌËˇ, ÍÓËÚÓ ÒÂ Á‡ÌËÏ‡‚‡Ú Ò ÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍÓ, ËÍÓÌÓÏË˜ÂÒÍÓ Ë Ì‡Û˜ÌÓ-ÚÂıÌË˜ÂÒÍÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡-
‚‡ÌÂ. ¬ÚÓËˇÚ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ Â Ì‡ÒÓ˜ÂÌ ÒÂ˘Û ‰ÂÈÌÓÒÚÚ‡ Ì‡ ì‚‡ÊÂÒÍËÚÂ ˆÂÌÚ‡ÎËî, ÚÂÚËˇÚ
ÔÓ Ò˙˘ÂÒÚ‚Ó ËÏ‡ ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌË ÙÛÌÍˆËË Á‡ ìÓ·ÒÎÂ‰‚‡ÌÂî Ì‡ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍËÚÂ ÓÙË-
ˆË‡ÎÌË ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ËÚÂÎÒÚ‚‡ Á‡‰ „‡ÌËˆ‡, ‡ ÔÓÒÎÂ‰ÌËˇÚ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ ÍÓÏÔÎÂÍÚÛ‚‡ Ë Ó·‡·ÓÚ‚‡
Ò˙·Ë‡Ì‡Ú‡ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡ ËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËˇ Ë Ó·ÒÎÛÊ‚‡ Á‡‰„‡ÌË˜Ì‡Ú‡ ÂÁË‰ÂÌÚÛ‡ (¯ËÙ-
Ë, ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚË Á‡ ÎÂ„‡ÎËÁË‡ÌÂ Ë Ú.Ì.). —ÔÂˆË‡ÎÌÓ ÏˇÒÚÓ ‚ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍËˇ ÔÓÂÍÚ Á‡ÂÏ‡
‚˙ÔÓÒ˙Ú Á‡ Ó„‡ÌËÁË‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ÎÂ„‡ÎÌË Ë ÌÂÎÂ„‡ÎÌË ÂÁË‰ÂÌÚÛË. œÂ‰ÎÓÊÂÌÓ Â Ò˙Á‰‡-
‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ 28 ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌË ÂÁË‰ÂÌÚÛË ‚ 17 ‰˙Ê‡‚Ë Ò Ó·˘ ˜ËÒÎÂÌ Ò˙ÒÚ‡‚ ÓÚ 56 ÓÔÂ‡-
ÚË‚ÌË ‡·ÓÚÌËˆË Á‡‰ „‡ÌËˆ‡.
14 œÂÔÓ˙ÍËÚÂ Ì‡ ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ËÚÂÎËÚÂ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍÓÚÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ ËÁˆˇÎÓ Ò‡ ‚˙ÁÔËÂ-
ÚË ÔË Ò˙Á‰‡‚‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ œ˙‚Ó (‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌÓ) ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ƒ˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ,
˜ËËÚÓ ÒÚ‡ÚÛÚ, ˆÂÎË, ÒÚÛÍÚÛ‡ Ë ˘‡Ú Ò‡ ÛÚ‚˙‰ÂÌË Ò˙Ò ÒÂÍÂÚÌÓ ÔÓÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ œÓ-
ÎËÚ·˛Ó Ì‡ ÷ Ì‡ ¡ œ π ¡-16 ÓÚ 1 ‡‚„ÛÒÚ 1950 „. — ‰Û„Ó Â¯ÂÌËÂ π ¡-17 ÓÚ Ò˙˘Ëˇ
‰ÂÌ ÒÂ ÛÚ‚˙Ê‰‡‚‡ ËÌÒÚÛÍˆËˇ Á‡ ‚Á‡ËÏÓÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËˇÚ‡ ÏÂÊ‰Û ‚˙Ì¯ÌÓÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍÓÚÓ
Ë ‚ÓÂÌÌÓÚÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ Ë ÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËˇÚ‡ ËÏ Ò ìÛ˜ÂÊ‰ÂÌËˇÚ‡ Á‡ ÔËÍË‚‡ÌÂî13.
œÓ ‚ÂÏÂÚÓ, ÍÓ„‡ÚÓ ÔÂÁ Ï‡È 1955 „. ÒÂ Ò˙Á‰‡‚‡ Œ„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËˇÚ‡ Ì‡ ¬‡¯‡‚ÒÍËˇ
‰Ó„Ó‚Ó, Á‡ÔÓ˜‚‡ Ë Ô‡ÍÚËÍ‡Ú‡ Ì‡ ÔÓ‚ÂÊ‰‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ‰‚ÛÒÚ‡ÌÌË Ë ÏÌÓ„ÓÒÚ‡ÌÌË ÒÂ˘Ë Ì‡
ÒÔÂˆË‡ÎÌËÚÂ ÒÎÛÊ·Ë ÓÚ »ÁÚÓ˜Ì‡ ≈‚ÓÔ‡. Õ‡ Úˇı ÒÂ Ó·Ò˙Ê‰‡Ú Á‡‰‡˜ËÚÂ Ë ˆÂÎËÚÂ Ì‡ ‚Òˇ-
Í‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎÌ‡ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡ ˆÂÌÚ‡Î‡. œ˙‚‡Ú‡ Ú‡Í‡‚‡ ÒÂ˘‡ Â ÔÓ‚Â‰ÂÌ‡ Ì‡ 5-7 Ï‡Ú
1955 „. ‚ ÃÓÒÍ‚‡ Ò Û˜‡ÒÚËÂÚÓ Ì‡ ÏËÌËÒÚËÚÂ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË Ë Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËˆËÚÂ Ì‡
ÓÒÌÓ‚ÌËÚÂ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌË Ë ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌË ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËˇ. Õ‡ Ò˙‚Â˘‡ÌËÂÚÓ ‚ ÃÓÒ-
Í‚‡ ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ËÚÂÎËÚÂ Ì‡ √¡ ÔÓ‚‰Ë„‡Ú Á‡ Ô˙‚ Ô˙Ú ‚˙ÔÓÒ‡ Á‡ Ó·ÏÂÌ Ì‡ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡
ËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËˇ Ë Á‡ Ò˙‚ÏÂÒÚÌË ÓÔÂ‡ÚË‚ÌË ÏÂÓÔËˇÚËˇ Ì‡ÒÓ˜ÂÌË ÒÂ˘Û ì„Î‡‚ÌËˇ ÔÓ-
ÚË‚ÌËÍî ≠ —¿Ÿ Ë ¬ÂÎËÍÓ·ËÚ‡ÌËˇ. œÓÒÓ˜‚‡ÈÍË ÔËÏÂ‡ Ò˙Ò Ò˙Á‰‡‰ÂÌÓÚÓ ÓÚ Õ¿“Œ
Ò˙‚ÏÂÒÚÌÓ ·˛Ó (ìŒ·Â‰ËÌÂÌ ËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËÓÌÂÌ ˆÂÌÚ˙î), ÚÂ Ì‡ÒÚÓˇ‚‡Ú ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡Ú‡
‰ÂÈÌÓÒÚ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍËˇ ·ÎÓÍ ‰‡ ·˙‰Â ÓËÂÌÚË‡Ì‡ ‚ ÚË „Î‡‚ÌË Ì‡Ô‡‚ÎÂÌËˇ: 1. »ÌÙËÎÚ-
Ë‡ÌÂ Ë ‚Â·Û‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ‡„ÂÌÚË ÒÂ‰ ÛÔ‡‚Îˇ‚‡˘ËÚÂ Í˙„Ó‚Â ‚ ‰˙Ê‡‚ËÚÂ ÓÚ Õ¿“Œ Í‡ÚÓ
ÓÒÌÓ‚Ì‡Ú‡ ËÏ Á‡‰‡˜‡ Â Ò˙·Ë‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ ËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËˇ Á‡ Ú‡ÈÌËÚÂ ÒÔÓ‡ÁÛÏÂÌËˇ Ë Â¯ÂÌËˇ
Ì‡ Õ¿“Œ. 2. œÓÎÛ˜‡‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËˇ Á‡ Ò˙‚ÏÂÒÚÌË ‚ÓÂÌÌË Û˜ÂÌËˇ, ‚ÓÂÌÌË ÔÎ‡ÌÓ‚Â
Ë ÓÚÌÓÒÌÓ ÔÂ‚˙Ó˙Ê‡‚‡ÌÂÚÓ ‚ ‡ÏËËÚÂ Ì‡ Õ¿“Œ. 3. œË‰Ó·Ë‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ÌÓ‚‡ ËÌÙÓÏ‡-
ˆËˇ ÓÚÌÓÒÌÓ ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÚÂÎÌËÚÂ ÔÓÚË‚ÓÂ˜Ëˇ ÒÂ‰ Ì‡ÚÓ‚ÒÍËÚÂ ‰˙Ê‡‚Ë. ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ, –ÛÏ˙-
ÌËˇ Ë ¿Î·‡ÌËˇ Ò‡ ÔËÁÓ‚‡ÌË ‰‡ ‡ÍÚË‚ËÁË‡Ú Ó·˘ËÚÂ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌË Ë ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡-
‚‡ÚÂÎÌË ÏÂÓÔËˇÚËˇ ÒÂ˘Û “ÛˆËˇ Ë √˙ˆËˇ14 . —ÎÂ‰ ‰ÓÍÎ‡‰ Ì‡ ÏËÌËÒÚ˙‡ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯-
ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË √ÂÓ„Ë ÷‡ÌÍÓ‚, Ì‡ 29 Ï‡Ú 1955 „. œÓÎËÚ·˛Ó Ì‡ ÷ Ì‡ ¡ œ Ò˙Ò ÒÂÍÂÚÌÓ
Â¯ÂÌËÂ ìπ ¡-5î ÛÚ‚˙Ê‰‡‚‡ ÔÓÒÚË„Ì‡ÚËÚÂ ‚ ÃÓÒÍ‚‡ ‰Ó„Ó‚ÓÂÌÓÒÚË.
¬ ÔÂËÓ‰‡ 1958-1961 „. Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ ÏÂÊ‰Û √¡ Ë ƒ— ÒÂ Ó·Ò˙Ê‰‡ Ì‡ ÌˇÍÓÎ-
ÍÓ ‰‚ÛÒÚ‡ÌÌË ÒÂ˘Ë ÔÓ ÓÚ‰ÂÎÌË ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌË Ë ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌË Ì‡Ô‡‚ÎÂ-
ÌËˇ. œÂÁ ˛ÎË 1958 „. ‚ Œ‰ÂÒ‡ Ë ÔÂÁ ÒÂÔÚÂÏ‚Ë 1959 „. ‚˙‚ ¬‡Ì‡ ÒÂ ÔÓ‚ÂÊ‰‡Ú Ô˙‚Ë-
13
œÛ·ÎËÍÛ‚‡ÌÓ ‚: ¿Ì„ÂÎÓ‚, ¬ÂÒÂÎËÌ (—˙ÒÚ.), —ÚÓ„Ó ÒÂÍÂÚÌÓ. ƒÓÍÛÏÂÌÚË Á‡ ‰ÂÈÌÓÒÚÚ‡ Ì‡ ƒ˙-
Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ, 1944-1989, (—ÓÙËˇ, 2007), Ò. 150-154.
14
‡ÍÚÓ Â ‰Ó·Â ËÁ‚ÂÒÚÌÓ, ¿Î·‡ÌËˇ ÓÚÍ‡Á‚‡ ÔÓÍ‡Ì‡Ú‡ ‰‡ Û˜‡ÒÚ‚‡ ‚ Ú‡ÍË‚‡ ÏÌÓ-
„ÓÒÚ‡ÌÌË ÒÂ˘Ë ÔÂÁ ÙÂ‚Û‡Ë 1961 „., ‡ –ÛÏ˙ÌËˇ ≠ ÔÂÁ Ï‡È 1964 „.
ÚÂ ‰‚ÛÒÚ‡ÌÌË Ò˙‚Â˘‡ÌËˇ ÔÓ ÎËÌËˇ Ì‡ ‚Ó‰ÂÌ Ë ÏÓÒÍË Ú‡ÌÒÔÓÚ. ¬ ÂÁÛÎÚ‡Ú Ì‡ ‰‚ÂÚÂ
Ò˙‚Â˘‡ÌËˇ ÁÌ‡˜ËÚÂÎÌÓ ÒÂ Û‚ÂÎË˜‡‚‡ Ó·ÏÂÌ˙Ú Ì‡ ÒÔÂˆË‡ÎËÁË‡Ì‡ ËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËˇ, Ò‚˙-
Á‡Ì‡ Ò ì‡„ÂÌÚÛÌÓ-ÓÔÂ‡ÚË‚Ì‡Ú‡ Ó·ÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚Í‡î ‚ Ò˙ÓÚ‚ÂÚÌËÚÂ ÔËÒÚ‡ÌË˘‡ Ë Ò ÍÓÌÍÂÚ-
ÌË ‡Á‡·ÓÚ‚‡ÌË Ó·ÂÍÚË. —˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ ÏÂÊ‰Û ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌËÚÂ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂ-
ÌËˇ Ì‡ √¡ Ë ƒ— Â ÌÓÏ‡ÚË‚ÌÓ ÛÂ„ÛÎË‡ÌÓ Ò ÔÂËÓ‰Ë˜ÌÓÚÓ ÔÓ‰ÔËÒ‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ Â‰ÌÓ„Ó-
‰Ë¯ÌË Ë ‰‚Û„Ó‰Ë¯ÌË ÔÎ‡ÌÓ‚Â, ˜ËÂÚÓ Ì‡˜‡ÎÓ Â ÔÓÒÚ‡‚ÂÌÓ ÔÂÁ 1959-1960 „.
œÂÁ ˛ÎË 1959 „. ‰ÂÎÂ„‡ˆËˇ Ì‡ Ã¬–, ‚ ÍÓˇÚÓ Ò‡ ‚ÍÎ˛˜ÂÌË ÓÚ„Ó‚ÓÌË ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡-
‚ËÚÂÎË Ì‡ œ˙‚Ó, ¬ÚÓÓ Ë “ÂÚÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËˇ Ì‡ ƒ˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ Â Ì‡ 20 ‰ÌÂ‚ÌÓ
ÔÓÒÂ˘ÂÌËÂ ‚ ÃÓÒÍ‚‡ Á‡ ìÓ·ÏÂÌ Ì‡ ÓÔËÚî Ò˙Ò Ò˙ÓÚ‚ÂÚÌËÚÂ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËˇ Ì‡ √¡. œÓ
‚ÂÏÂ Ì‡ ‰‚ÛÒÚ‡ÌÌËÚÂ ‡Á„Ó‚ÓË Ò‡ Ó·Ò˙‰ÂÌË ìÃÂÓÔËˇÚËˇ Á‡ ÔÓ-Ì‡Ú‡Ú˙¯ÌÓ ÛÒËÎ-
‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ÍÓÓ‰ËÌ‡ˆËˇÚ‡ Ë ‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÂÚÓ ÏÂÊ‰Û Ó„‡ÌËÚÂ Ì‡ ƒ— Ë √¡î. œÂÁ
‡‚„ÛÒÚ 1960 „. ‚ ÃÓÒÍ‚‡ ÓÚÌÓ‚Ó Ò‡ ‚Ó‰ÂÌË ÍÓÌÍÂÚÌË ‡Á„Ó‚ÓË Á‡ ìÒ˙„Î‡ÒÛ‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡
Ò˙‚ÏÂÒÚÌËÚÂ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌË Ë ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌË ÏÂÓÔËˇÚËˇ ÒÂ˘Û „Î‡‚ÌËˇ
ÔÓÚË‚ÌËÍî. ŒÚ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍ‡ ÒÚ‡Ì‡ ‚ ‡Á„Ó‚ÓËÚÂ Û˜‡ÒÚ‚‡Ú ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎˇÚ Ì‡ √¡ ¿ÎÂÍ-
Ò‡Ì‰˙ ÿÂÎÂÔËÌ, ÌÂ„Ó‚ËˇÚ Ô˙‚Ë-Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ œ¸ÓÚ˙ »‚‡¯ÛÚËÌ Ë Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËˆËÚÂ Ì‡
œ√” Ë ¬√” ¿ÎÂÍÒ‡Ì‰˙ —‡ı‡Ó‚ÒÍË Ë ŒÎÂ„ √Ë·‡ÌÓ‚. ¡˙Î„‡ÒÍ‡Ú‡ ÒÚ‡Ì‡ Â ÔÂ‰Ò-
Ú‡‚ÂÌ‡ Ò˙ÓÚ‚ÂÚÌÓ ÓÚ ÏËÌËÒÚ˙‡ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË √ÂÓ„Ë ÷‡ÌÍÓ‚, ÌÂ„Ó‚Ëˇ Ô˙-
‚Ë Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ √ÂÓ„Ë ÛÏ·ËÎËÂ‚ Ë Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËˆËÚÂ Ì‡ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌÓÚÓ Ë ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁ- 15
Ì‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌÓÚÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËˇ ‚ ƒ˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ √ÓÒÔÓ‰ËÌ √Ó˜Â‚ Ë ¡ÓËÒ ƒÛÏÍÓ‚.
ŒÒ‚ÂÌ Ì‡·ÂÎˇÁ‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ÍÓÌÍÂÚÌË ÏÂÓÔËˇÚËˇ ÔÓ ÎËÌËˇ Ì‡ ì„Î‡‚ÌËˇ ÔÓÚË‚ÌËÍî, ‚
‡Á„Ó‚ÓËÚÂ ÔÂÁ ˛ÎË 1959 Ë ‡‚„ÛÒÚ 1960 „. ÒÂ ÓÚÔ‡‚ˇÚ ÔÂÔÓ˙ÍË Ë ÔÂ‰ÎÓÊÂÌËˇ Á‡
‡Á¯Ëˇ‚‡ÌÂ „ÂÓ„‡ÙÒÍËˇÚ Ó·ı‚‡Ú Ì‡ ‰ÂÈÌÓÒÚ Ì‡ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍÓÚÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ ≠ ‚ ¿ÁËˇ,
¿ÙËÍ‡ Ë À‡ÚËÌÒÍ‡ ¿ÏÂËÍ‡. Œ·Ò˙‰ÂÌ Â Ë ‚˙ÔÓÒ˙Ú Á‡ ‡ÍÚË‚ËÁË‡ÌÂ ‰ÂÈÌÓÒÚÚ‡ ÔÓ
Ó˘Â Â‰ÌÓ Ì‡Ô‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ ≠ Ì‡Û˜ÌÓ-ÚÂıÌË˜ÂÒÍÓÚÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ, ‚ ÍÓÂÚÓ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ Ô‡‚Ë
Ô˙‚ËÚÂ ÒË ÒÚ˙ÔÍË.
œ˙‚ÓÚÓ Ó·˘Ó ÒÔÓ‡ÁÛÏÂÌËÂ Á‡ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó ÏÂÊ‰Û √¡ Ë Ã¬– Â ÔÓÒÚË„Ì‡-
ÚÓ Ò ÔÓ‰ÔËÒ‚‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÏÂÒÚÂÌ ÔÓÚÓÍÓÎ ÔË ÔÓÒÂ˘ÂÌËÂÚÓ Ì‡ ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎˇ Ì‡ √¡
¬Î‡‰ËÏË —ÂÏË˜‡ÒÚÌË ‚ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ ÓÚ 2 ‰Ó 4 ˛ÎË 1962 „. “Ó‚‡ Â Ë Ô˙‚Ó ÔÓÒÂ˘ÂÌËÂ Ì‡
‚ËÒ¯ ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ËÚÂÎ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍËÚÂ Ú‡ÈÌË ÒÎÛÊ·Ë ‚ —ÓÙËˇ. —ÔÓ‡ÁÛÏÂÌËÂÚÓ Á‡ Ò˙ÚÛ‰-
ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó ÏÂÊ‰Û √¡ Ë Ã¬–/ƒ— Â ‡Ì‡ÎÓ„Ë˜ÌÓ Ò ÔÓ‰ÔËÒ‡ÌÓÚÓ ÏÂÒÂˆ ÔÂ‰Ë ÚÓ‚‡ ÒÔÓ‡-
ÁÛÏÂÌËÂ ÏÂÊ‰Û √¡ Ë ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË Ì‡ ◊ÂıÓÒÎÓ‚‡ÍËˇ15 Ë
ÔÂ‰‚ËÊ‰‡ Ì‡È-Ó·˘Ó Ó·ÏÂÌ Ì‡ ËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËˇ Á‡ ì„Î‡‚ÌËˇ ÔÓÚË‚ÌËÍî Ë Á‡ ÙÓÏËÚÂ Ë
ÏÂÚÓ‰Ë Ì‡ ‡·ÓÚ‡ Ì‡ ìËÏÔÂË‡ÎËÒÚË˜ÂÒÍËÚÂî ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌË Ë ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎ-
ÌË Ó„‡ÌË, Í‡ÍÚÓ Ë ÍÓÓ‰ËÌ‡ˆËˇ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÏÂÒÚÌËÚÂ ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚Ëˇ Á‡ ìÓÒË„Ûˇ‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ‰˙Ê‡‚-
Ì‡Ú‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚî Ì‡ ‰‚ÂÚÂ Ò˙˛ÁÌË ÒÚ‡ÌË.
¬ ‰Ûı‡ Ì‡ ÔÓÒÚË„Ì‡ÚÓÚÓ ÒÔÓ‡ÁÛÏÂÌËÂ, Ì‡ 11 ÙÂ‚Û‡Ë 1963 „. ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎˇÚ Ì‡
√¡ ¬. ≈. —ÂÏË˜‡ÒÚÌË ÔÂ‰Î‡„‡ ‚ ÔËÒÏÓ ‰Ó ·˙Î„‡ÒÍËˇ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÂÌ ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ ƒËÍÓ
ƒËÍÓ‚ Ò˙„Î‡ÒÛ‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÏÂÒÚÌËÚÂ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌË Ë ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌË ÏÂÓÔ-
ËˇÚËˇ Á‡ ÒÎÂ‰‚‡˘ËÚÂ ‰‚Â „Ó‰ËÌË. ¬ ÂÁÛÎÚ‡Ú Ì‡ Ì‡Ô‡‚ÂÌÓÚÓ ÔÂ‰ÎÓÊÂÌËÂ, ÔÂÁ Ï‡È
1963 „. ‚ ÃÓÒÍ‚‡ ÒÂ ÔÓ‚ÂÊ‰‡Ú ÒÎÂ‰‚‡˘ËÚÂ ÍÓÌÒÛÎÚ‡ˆËË ÏÂÊ‰Û ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ÌË ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚Ë-
ÚÂÎË Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍËÚÂ Ë ·˙Î„‡ÒÍËÚÂ ÒÎÛÊ·Ë Á‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ. ≈‰ËÌ ÓÚ „Î‡‚ÌËÚÂ ‡ÁËÒÍ‚‡ÌË
‚˙ÔÓÒË Â Á‡ ÔÓÚË‚Ó‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÂ Ì‡ ìÔÒËıÓÎÓ„Ë˜ÂÒÍ‡Ú‡ ‚ÓÈÌ‡î Ë ìË‰ÂÓÎÓ„Ë˜ÂÒÍ‡Ú‡ ‰Ë-
‚ÂÒËˇ Ì‡ ÔÓÚË‚ÌËÍ‡î. — ‚˙‚ÂÊ‰‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ ÒËÒÚÂÏ‡Ú‡ Ì‡ ‰‚Û- ËÎË ÚË„Ó‰Ë¯ÌË ÔÓÚÓ-
ÍÓÎË Á‡ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó Ë ÁÌ‡˜ËÚÂÎÌÓÚÓ ËÌÚÂÌÁËÙËˆË‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ‰‚ÛÒÚ‡ÌÌËÚÂ ÍÓÌÚ‡ÍÚË
ÓÚ Ì‡˜‡ÎÓÚÓ Ì‡ 60-ÚÂ „Ó‰ËÌË ÒÂ ÔÓÏÂÌˇ ÓÎˇÚ‡ Ë ÁÌ‡˜ÂÌËÂÚÓ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍËÚÂ ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡-
‚ËÚÂÎÒÚ‚‡ ÔË Ã¬– Ë ƒ—. ¬ÒÂ ÔÓ-˜ÂÒÚÓ ÔÓ ‚Á‡ËÏÌ‡ ‰Ó„Ó‚ÓÂÌÓÒÚ Ë ÍÓÌÍÂÚÌË ÔÓ‚Ó-
‰Ë ÒÂ ‡ÁÏÂÌˇÚ ‰ÂÎÂ„‡ˆËË Ë ‡·ÓÚÌË „ÛÔË, ‚ÍÎ˛˜ËÚÂÎÌÓ Ë ÓÚ ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ÌËˇ Ò˙ÒÚ‡‚ Ì‡
Ò˙ÓÚ‚ÂÚÌËÚÂ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËˇ.
15
Soviet Secret Services in Czechoslovakia. Documents Exhibition Catalogue (Prague:
Wallenstein Palace-Czech Senate, November 2008).
¬ ÒÂ‰‡Ú‡ Ì‡ 60-ÚÂ „Ó‰ËÌË ÒÂ ËÁ„‡Ê‰‡Ú Ó„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËÓÌÌÓ Ë ÒÔÂˆË‡ÎÌËÚÂ ÓÚ‰ÂÎË ‚
ÒÎÛÊ·ËÚÂ Á‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ Ì‡ ÒÚ‡ÌËÚÂ ÓÚ ¬‡¯‡‚ÒÍËˇ ‰Ó„Ó‚Ó, ÍÓËÚÓ ÓÚ„Ó‚‡ˇÚ ÌÂÔÓÒ-
Â‰ÒÚ‚ÂÌÓ Á‡ ÍÓÓ‰ËÌ‡ˆËˇÚ‡ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÏÂÒÚÌ‡Ú‡ ‰ÂÈÌÓÒÚ Ë ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌËˇ ‰‚ÛÒÚ‡ÌÂÌ
Ó·ÏÂÌ. œÂÁ ÌÓÂÏ‚Ë 1966 „. ‚ √¡ Â Ò˙Á‰‡‰ÂÌ ≈‰ËÌ‡‰ÂÒÂÚË Ò‡ÏÓÒÚÓˇÚÂÎÂÌ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ,
˜ËˇÚÓ Á‡‰‡˜‡ Â Ó„‡ÌËÁË‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ‚˙ÁÍËÚÂ Ò˙Ò ÒÓˆË‡ÎËÒÚË˜ÂÒÍËÚÂ ÒÚ‡ÌË. œÂÁ ˛ÎË
1968 „. ÚÓÁË ÓÚ‰ÂÎ Â ÔÂı‚˙ÎÂÌ ‚ Ò˙ÒÚ‡‚‡ Ì‡ œ√” Ì‡ √¡. ŒÚ Ò‡ÏÓÚÓ ÏÛ Ò˙Á‰‡‚‡ÌÂ ‚
ÔÓ‰˙ÎÊÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ÒÎÂ‰‚‡˘ËÚÂ ÔÂÚÌ‡‰ÂÒÂÚ „Ó‰ËÌË ÌÂ„Ó‚ ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ËÚÂÎ Â ·Ë‚¯ËˇÚ Ì‡˜‡Î-
ÌËÍ Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ‡ Á‡ ÌÂÎÂ„‡ÎÌÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ „ÂÌ. ¬. œ. ¡Û‰ËÌ. ¿Ì‡ÎÓ„Ë˜ÌÓ Ì‡ √¡, ÔÂÁ
ÓÍÚÓÏ‚Ë 1966 „. ‚ ËÁÔ˙ÎÌÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ÏËÌËÒÚÂÒÍ‡ Á‡ÔÓ‚Â‰ I-4256 Â Ò˙Á‰‡‰ÂÌ‡ ÒÔÂˆË‡ÎÌ‡
ì„ÛÔ‡ Á‡ ÍÓÓ‰ËÌ‡ˆËˇ Ò ·‡ÚÒÍËÚÂ Ó„‡ÌËî Í˙Ï —ÂÍÂÚ‡Ë‡Ú‡ Ì‡ ƒ—. — ÌÓ‚‡ Á‡ÔÓ-
‚Â‰ I-4658 ÓÚ 18 ÓÍÚÓÏ‚Ë 1968 „. „ÛÔ‡Ú‡ ÔÂ‡ÒÚ‚‡ ‚ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ ìÃÂÊ‰ÛÌ‡Ó‰ÌË ‚˙ÁÍËî,
ÍÓÈÚÓ ÒÎÂ‰ Ó·Â‰ËÌˇ‚‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ Ã¬– Ë ƒ— ÙÛÌÍˆËÓÌË‡ Í‡ÚÓ Ò‡ÏÓÒÚÓˇÚÂÎÂÌ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ
Í˙Ï —ÂÍÂÚ‡Ë‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬–.
»Á·Ë‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ fiËÈ ¿Ì‰ÓÔÓ‚ Á‡ ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ √¡ ÔÂÁ ‡ÔËÎ 1967 „. ÔÓÒÚ‡-
‚ˇ Ì‡˜‡ÎÓÚÓ Ì‡ ÌÓ‚ ÂÚ‡Ô ‚ ÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËˇÚ‡ ÏÂÊ‰Û √¡ Ë ƒ—, ÍÓÈÚÓ ÒÂ ı‡‡ÍÚÂËÁË‡ Ò
ÔÓ-˜ÂÒÚË ÒÂ˘Ë Ë ÍÓÌÒÛÎÚ‡ˆËË Ì‡ Ì‡È-‚ËÒÓÍÓ ‡‚ÌË˘Â, ˇÁÍÓ ËÌÚÂÌÁËÙËˆË‡ÌÂ Ì‡
‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌËˇ ËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËÓÌÂÌ Ó·ÏÂÌ Ë Ò˙‚ÏÂÒÚÌË ìÓÔÂ‡ÚË‚ÌË ÏÂÓÔËˇÚËˇî, Í‡ÍÚÓ
16 Ë ÔÓ-Ì‡Ú‡Ú˙¯ÌÓ ÌÓÏ‡ÚË‚ÌÓ ËÌÒÚËÚÛˆËÓÌ‡ÎËÁË‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ‰‚ÛÒÚ‡ÌÌËÚÂ ‚˙ÁÍË Ò ÔÓ‰-
ÔËÒ‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ‰˙Î„ÓÒÓ˜ÌË ‡ÏÍÓ‚Ë ÒÔÓ‡ÁÛÏÂÌËˇ. ¬‡ÊÌÓ ÁÌ‡˜ÂÌËÂ ËÏ‡Ú ÔÂ„Ó‚ÓËÚÂ
ÏÂÊ‰Û ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ËÚÂÎËÚÂ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍËÚÂ Ë ·˙Î„‡ÒÍËÚÂ ÒÔÂˆË‡ÎÌË ÒÎÛÊ·Ë fiËÈ ¿Ì‰Ó-
ÔÓ‚ Ë ¿Ì„ÂÎ —ÓÎ‡ÍÓ‚ ÔÂÁ Ï‡È 1968 Ë ÌÓÂÏ‚Ë 1969 „. ƒ‚ÛÒÚ‡ÌÌËÚÂ ÒÂ˘Ë ÏÂÊ‰Û
˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ËÚÂÎËÚÂ Ì‡ Ã¬–/ ƒ— Ë √¡ ‚ ÏÌÓ„Ó ÒÎÛ˜‡Ë Ò‡ ÔÓ-ÔÓÎÁÓÚ‚ÓÌË Á‡ ÔÂÓËÂÌ-
Ú‡ˆËˇÚ‡ ‚ ‰ÂÈÌÓÒÚÚ‡ Ì‡ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍÓÚÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ Ë ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ, ÓÚÍÓÎÍÓÚÓ ÙÓ-
Ï‡ÎÌËÚÂ ÏÌÓ„ÓÒÚ‡ÌÌË ÒÂ˘Ë, Ì‡ ÍÓËÚÓ Ì‡È-˜ÂÒÚÓ ÓÙËˆË‡ÎÌËÚÂ ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ËÚÂÎË ËÁÌ‡-
ÒˇÚ ‰ÓÍÎ‡‰Ë, ÔÂ‰‚‡ËÚÂÎÌÓ ÔÓ‰„ÓÚ‚ÂÌË ÓÚ ÚÂıÌËÚÂ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËˆË. ÕˇÍÓÎÍÓÚÓ ËÌÙÓÏ‡-
ˆËË Ë ÒÚÂÌÓ„‡ÏË ÓÚ ÒÂ˘ËÚÂ Ì‡ ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ËÚÂÎËÚÂ Ì‡ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍËÚÂ ÒÔÂˆË‡ÎÌË ÒÎÛÊ·Ë Ò
fi. ¬. ¿Ì‰ÓÔÓ‚ ‚ Í‡˜ÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ ÏÛ Ì‡ ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ √¡ (1967-1982) ‰‡‚‡Ú ˆÂÌÌ‡ ËÌ-
ÙÓÏ‡ˆËˇ Á‡ ÔËÓËÚÂÚËÚÂ Ë ÓÒÌÓ‚ÌËÚÂ ˆÂÎË ‚ ‰ÂÈÌÓÒÚÚ‡ Ì‡ √¡ ‚ ÓÚ‰ÂÎÌËÚÂ „Ó‰ËÌË.
ŒÒ‚ÂÌ ÚÓ‚‡, ‚ ÚÂÁË ÔÓ‚ÂËÚÂÎÌË ‡Á„Ó‚ÓË ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎˇÚ Ì‡ √¡ Â ÓÔÂ‰ÂÎÂÌÓ ÔÓ-
ÓÚÍÓ‚ÂÌ, ‰ÓË ÔÓ ‚˙ÔÓÒËÚÂ Á‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌÓÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍ‡Ú‡ ÒËÚÛ‡ˆËˇ ‚ ———–.
¬ Ó·Ó·˘ÂÌ‡ ËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËˇ ÓÚ 30 ‰ÂÍÂÏ‚Ë 1971 „. Á‡ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ ÏÂÊ‰Û √¡
Ë Ã¬– ÒÔÂˆË‡ÎÌÓ ÒÂ ÔÓÒÓ˜‚‡ Ò˙Á‰‡‰ÂÌËˇÚ ÏÂı‡ÌËÁ˙Ï Á‡ ÔÎ‡ÌË‡ÌÂ Ë ÌÓÏ‡ÚË‚ÌÓ ÛÂÊ-
‰‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ÍÓÓ‰ËÌ‡ˆËˇÚ‡ Ë ‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÂÚÓ ÏÂÊ‰Û ÒÔÂˆË‡ÎÌËÚÂ ÒÎÛÊ·Ë Ì‡ ‰‚ÂÚÂ Ò˙-
˛ÁÌË ‰˙Ê‡‚Ë:
ì—˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ë ‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÂÚÓ Ì‡ Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡ Ò √¡ ÔË Ã— Ì‡ ———–
ÒÂ Â„ÛÎË‡ Ë Ì‡Ô‡‚Îˇ‚‡ Ò ÔÓ‰ÔËÒ‚‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ ‚ÒÂÍË ‰‚Â „Ó‰ËÌË Ì‡ œ–Œ“Œ ŒÀ» ÓÚ
˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ËÚÂÎËÚÂ Ì‡ Ó„‡ÌËÚÂ Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚÚ‡ Ì‡ ‰‚ÂÚÂ ÒÚ‡ÌË. ¬ ÔÓÒÎÂ‰ÌËÚÂ
„Ó‰ËÌË ÒÂ ÔËÂ Ô‡ÍÚËÍ‡Ú‡ ‰‡ ÒÂ ËÁ„ÓÚ‚ˇÚ ÂÊÂ„Ó‰ÌË ÔÎ‡ÌÓ‚Â Á‡ ÏÂÓÔËˇÚËˇ-
Ú‡, ÍÓËÚÓ ˘Â ÒÂ ÔÓ‚Â‰‡Ú ÔÂÁ ÚÂÍÛ˘‡Ú‡ „Ó‰ËÌ‡. “ÓÁË ÏÂÚÓ‰ ‚ÌÂÒÂ ÔÓ-„ÓÎˇÏ‡
ˆÂÎÂÌ‡ÒÓ˜ÂÌÓÒÚ ‚ ÔÓ‚ÂÊ‰‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÏÂÒÚÌ‡Ú‡ ‰ÂÈÌÓÒÚ, Á‡˘ÓÚÓ Á‡‰˙Î·Ó˜ÂÌÓ
ÒÂ ‡Á„ÎÂÊ‰‡Ú Ò˙‚ÏÂÒÚÌËÚÂ Á‡‰‡˜Ë. ÕËÂ ÔÓ‰‰˙Ê‡ÏÂ ÚÓÁË Ì‡˜ËÌ Ì‡ ‡·ÓÚ‡ Ë
‡·ÓÚËÏ Á‡ ÌÂ„Ó‚ÓÚÓ ÛÒ˙‚˙¯ÂÌÒÚ‚‡ÌÂ, Ò Ó„ÎÂ‰ ‚ „Ó‰Ë¯ÌËÚÂ ÔÎ‡ÌÓ‚Â ‰‡ ÒÂ ÔÓÒ-
Ú‡‚ˇÚ ÔÓ‚Â˜Â ÍÓÌÍÂÚÌË ÓÔÂ‡ÚË‚ÌË Á‡‰‡˜Ë. ŒÒ‚ÂÌ „Ó‰Ë¯ÌËÚÂ ÔÎ‡ÌÓ‚Â ÓÔÂ‡-
ÚË‚ÌËÚÂ ÔÓ‰ÂÎÂÌËˇ ËÁ„ÓÚ‚ˇÚ Á‡ ‡ÁÎË˜ÌË ÒÓÍÓ‚Â ÓÔÂ‡ÚË‚ÌË ÔÎ‡ÌÓ‚Â ÔÓ ÓÔÂ-
‰ÂÎÂÌË ‡Á‡·ÓÚÍË Ë ÎËÌËË.î16
œÓ ‚ÂÏÂ Ì‡ ÔÓÒÂ˘ÂÌËÂ Ì‡ fiËÈ ¿Ì‰ÓÔÓ‚ ‚ Ì‡˜‡ÎÓÚÓ Ì‡ ‡ÔËÎ 1972 „. ‚ —ÓÙËˇ
Â ÔÓ‰ÔËÒ‡ÌÓ ‰‚ÛÒÚ‡ÌÌÓ ÒÔÓ‡ÁÛÏÂÌËÂ Á‡ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó ÏÂÊ‰Û √¡ Ë Ã¬–. “Ó‚‡ Â
Ô˙‚‡Ú‡ ‰˙Î„ÓÒÓ˜Ì‡ ‡ÏÍÓ‚‡ ÒÔÓ„Ó‰·‡ ÏÂÊ‰Û ÒÔÂˆË‡ÎÌËÚÂ ÒÎÛÊ·Ë Ì‡ ‰‚ÂÚÂ ÒÚ‡ÌË,
16
¿ıË‚ÂÌ ÙÓÌ‰ Ì‡ Ã¬–, ‘. 1, ŒÔ. 10, ‡.Â. 879, Î. 30-31.
˜ËËÚÓ ÓÒÌÓ‚ÌË ÔÓÎÓÊÂÌËˇ Ò‡ ‚‡ÎË‰ÌË ÔÂÁ ÒÎÂ‰‚‡˘ËÚÂ ÔÂÚÌ‡‰ÂÒÂÚ „Ó‰ËÌË17 . —ÔÓ‡ÁÛ-
ÏÂÌËÂÚÓ Ò˙‰˙Ê‡ Ó·˘Ó ‰Â‚ÂÚ ˜ÎÂÌ‡, ÍÓËÚÓ Â„Î‡ÏÂÌÚË‡Ú ‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÂÚÓ ‚ ‰‚ÂÚÂ
ÓÒÌÓ‚ÌË Ì‡Ô‡‚ÎÂÌËˇ: Ó·ÏÂÌ Ì‡ ÓÔËÚ Ë ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡ Ë ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡ ËÌ-
ÙÓÏ‡ˆËˇ Ë ÍÓÓ‰ËÌ‡ˆËˇ Ì‡ ÛÒËÎËˇÚ‡ Á‡ ÓÒ˙˘ÂÒÚ‚ˇ‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÏÂÒÚÌË ÓÔÂ‡ˆËË. ¬
Ò˙ÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ËÂ Ò ÔÓÒÚË„Ì‡ÚËÚÂ ‰Ó„Ó‚ÓÂÌÓÒÚË, ÓÒ‚ÂÌ Ó·˘ÓÚÓ ÒÔÓ‡ÁÛÏÂÌËÂ ‚ÒˇÍ‡ Â‰Ì‡
‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡ Ë ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡ ÒÎÛÊ·‡ ÔÓ‰ÔËÒ‚‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎÌÓ ÚË„Ó‰Ë¯ÌË ÔÂÒ-
ÔÂÍÚË‚ÌË ÔÎ‡ÌÓ‚Â Á‡ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó, ÍÓËÚÓ ÒÂ ‡ÍÚÛ‡ÎËÁË‡Ú ÒÎÂ‰ ËÁÚË˜‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ÓÔÂ‰Â-
ÎÂÌËˇ ÒÓÍ. œÂÒÔÂÍÚË‚ÌËˇÚ ÔÎ‡Ì Á‡ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó ÏÂÊ‰Û Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍÓÚÓ Ë ·˙Î„‡ÒÍÓ-
ÚÓ ‚˙Ì¯ÌÓÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ Á‡ ÔÂËÓ‰‡ 1972-1975 „. Ò˙‰˙Ê‡ Ó·˘Ó ¯ÂÒÚ ÚÂ-
Ï‡ÚË˜ÌË ‡Á‰ÂÎ‡. ˙Ï ÔÂÒÔÂÍÚË‚ÌËˇ ÔÎ‡Ì Ò‡ ÔËÎÓÊÂÌË 14 ÍÓÌÍÂÚÌË ÔËÎÓÊÂÌËˇ
Á‡ ‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÂ ‚ ËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËÓÌÌÓ-‡Ì‡ÎËÚË˜Ì‡Ú‡ ‡·ÓÚ‡, ÔÓ ÎËÌËˇ Ì‡ Ì‡Û˜ÌÓ-ÚÂı-
ÌË˜ÂÒÍÓÚÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ, ÔÓ‚ÂÊ‰‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ‡ÍÚË‚ÌË ÏÂÓÔËˇÚËˇ, Í‡ÍÚÓ Ë ÔÓ ‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒ-
Ú‚ËÂ ‚ ÓÚ‰ÂÎÌËÚÂ ÒÚ‡ÌË Ë Â„ËÓÌË (‡ÍˆÂÌÚËÚÂ Ò‡ ÔÓÒÚ‡‚ÂÌË ‚˙ıÛ Ò˙‚ÏÂÒÚÌ‡ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡-
‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡ ‡·ÓÚ‡ ÔÓ —¿Ÿ Ë «‡Ô‡‰Ì‡ ≈‚ÓÔ‡, “ÛˆËˇ, √˙ˆËˇ, ËÔ˙, ¿Î·‡ÌËˇ, fi„ÓÒ-
Î‡‚Ëˇ, ËÚ‡È, ‡‡·ÒÍË ÒÚ‡ÌË Ë »Á‡ÂÎ).
Õ‡ 8 ‡ÔËÎ 1972 „. ‚ —ÓÙËˇ Ò‡ ÔÓ‰ÔËÒ‡ÌË Ò˙˘Ó ÔÂÒÔÂÍÚË‚ÌË ÔÎ‡ÌÓ‚Â Á‡ ‚Á‡ËÏÓ-
‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÂ ÏÂÊ‰Û ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËˇÚ‡ Á‡ ‚˙Ì¯ÌÓ ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ (¬√”) Ë Á‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌÓ
(ÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍÓ) ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ. œÓ ÎËÌËˇ Ì‡ ¬√” ÒÂ ÔÂ‰‚ËÊ‰‡ ÓÒ˙˘ÂÒÚ‚ˇ‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ 17
Ò˙‚ÏÂÒÚÌË ÍÓÔÎÂÍÒÌË ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌË ÏÂÓÔËˇÚËˇ ÔÓ ˜ÂÚËË ÓÒÌÓ‚ÌË Ì‡Ô‡‚-
ÎÂÌËˇ („Î‡‚ÌÓÚÓ Ì‡Ô‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Â ·Ó·‡ ÒÂ˘Û ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌËÚÂ ÂÁË‰ÂÌÚÛË ÔÓ‰ ‰ËÔ-
ÎÓÏ‡ÚË˜ÂÒÍÓ ÔËÍËÚËÂ Ì‡ —¿Ÿ, ‘‡ÌˆËˇ, »Ú‡ÎËˇ, ‘–√, ¬ÂÎËÍÓ·ËÚ‡ÌËˇ, “ÛˆËˇ Ë
√˙ˆËˇ). ¬ ÔÎ‡Ì‡ Á‡ ‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÂ ÏÂÊ‰Û œÂÚÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ √¡ Ë ÿÂÒÚÓ ÛÔ‡‚-
ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ƒ— Á‡ ÔÂËÓ‰‡ 1972-1974 „. ‡ÍˆÂÌÚËÚÂ Ò‡ ÔÓÒÚ‡‚ÂÌË ‚˙ıÛ Ò˙‚ÏÂÒÚÌË ÏÂÓÔ-
ËˇÚËˇ ÔÓ ‡Á‡·ÓÚÍ‡ Ì‡ ìÔÓ‰Ë‚ÌËÚÂ Ë‰ÂÓÎÓ„Ë˜ÂÒÍË ˆÂÌÚÓ‚Â Ì‡ ÔÓÚË‚ÌËÍ‡î, ì‚‡-
ÊÂÒÍ‡Ú‡ ÂÏË„‡ˆËˇî, ìˆ˙ÍÓ‚ÌËÚÂ Ó„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËËî Ë ÓÒ˙˘ÂÒÚ‚ˇ‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ÍÓÌÚÓÎ ‚˙ıÛ
ìÌ‡Û˜ÌËˇ, ÍÛÎÚÛÂÌ Ë ÒÚÛ‰ÂÌÚÒÍË Ó·ÏÂÌî Ò ˜ÛÊ·ËÌ‡ Ë ÔÂ‰ÒÚÓˇ˘Ë ÏÂÊ‰ÛÌ‡Ó‰ÌË ÔÓ-
ˇ‚Ë ‚ ———– Ë ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ. Õ‡ 20 Ï‡È 1972 „. ÒÎÂ‰ ÔÂ„Ó‚ÓË ‚ ÃÓÒÍ‚‡ Â ÔÓ‰ÔËÒ‡Ì Ë
œÂÒÔÂÍÚË‚ÂÌ ÔÎ‡Ì Á‡ ‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÂ ÏÂÊ‰Û ‚ÓÂÌÌËÚÂ ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌËˇ Ì‡ ‰‚ÂÚÂ
ÒÚ‡ÌË Á‡ ÔÂËÓ‰‡ 1972-1975 „. œÎ‡Ì˙Ú ÔÂ‰‚ËÊ‰‡ ÓÒ˙˘ÂÒÚ‚ˇ‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó
‚ ‰Â‚ÂÚ ÓÒÌÓ‚ÌË Ì‡Ô‡‚ÎÂÌËˇ, ÒÂ‰ ÍÓËÚÓ ÔÓÚË‚Ó‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÂ ÒÂ˘Û ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌËÚÂ
‰ÂÈÒÚ‚Ëˇ Ì‡ ÒÚ‡ÌËÚÂ ÓÚ Õ¿“Œ ÓÚ ÚÂËÚÓËˇÚ‡ Ì‡ “ÛˆËˇ Ë √˙ˆËˇ, Ó·ÂÁÔÂ˜‡‚‡ÌÂ
ÏÂÓÔËˇÚËˇÚ‡ ÔÓ ÎËÌËˇ Ì‡ Œ·Â‰ËÌÂÌËÚÂ ‚˙Ó˙ÊÂÌË ÒËÎË Ì‡ ¬‡¯‡‚ÒÍËˇ ‰Ó„Ó‚Ó,
ÛÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ˇ‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ Â‰ËÌÂÌ Â‰ Ë Óı‡ÌËÚÂÎÂÌ ÂÊËÏ ÔÓ Ò˙ı‡Ìˇ‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ‚ÓÂÌÌËÚÂ Ú‡ÈÌË,
ÓÒË„Ûˇ‚‡ÌÂ Ú‡ÌÒÔÓÚË‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ ·ÓÈÌ‡ ÚÂıÌËÍ‡, Ó·ÏÂÌ Ì‡ ÓÔÂ‡ÚË‚Ì‡ ËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËˇ Ë
ÔÓ‚ÂÊ‰‡ÌÂ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÏÂÒÚÌË ‡„ÂÌÚÛÌÓ-ÓÔÂ‡ÚË‚ÌË ÏÂÓÔËˇÚËˇ.
œÂÏËÌ‡‚‡ÌÂÚÓ Í˙Ï ìÍ‡˜ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÓ ÌÓ‚ ÂÚ‡Ôî Ì‡ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó Ë ‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒÚ-
‚ËÂ ÏÂÊ‰Û √¡ Ë Ã¬– ÒÎÂ‰ ÔÓ‰ÔËÒ‚‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ ‰˙Î„ÓÒÓ˜ÌÓÚÓ ÒÔÓ‡ÁÛÏÂÌËÂ ÓÚ 8 ‡ÔËÎ
1972 „. ÒÂ ÓÚ‡Áˇ‚‡ ‚˙‚ ‚ÒË˜ÍË ÒÙÂË Ì‡ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡ Ë ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡ ‰ÂÈ-
ÌÓÒÚ. ’‡‡ÍÚÂÌÓ ÔÓˇ‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ÍÓÓ‰ËÌ‡ˆËˇÚ‡ Ë ‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÂÚÓ ÏÂÊ‰Û ÒÔÂˆË‡Î-
ÌËÚÂ ÒÎÛÊ·Ë Ì‡ ‰‚ÂÚÂ ÒÚ‡ÌË ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚Îˇ‚‡ Ò˙˘Ó Á‡‰˙ÎÊËÚÂÎÌÓÚÓ Ò˙„Î‡ÒÛ‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ‚Ó-
‰Â˘Ë ÌÓÏ‡ÚË‚ÌË Ë ËÌÒÚÛÍÚË‚ÌË ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚË Ò ÃÓÒÍ‚‡. œÂÁ ˛ÌË 1973 „. ÏËÌËÒÚ˙˙Ú
Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË ‚Ì‡Òˇ Á‡ ÛÚ‚˙Ê‰‡‚‡ÌÂ ‚ œÓÎËÚ·˛Ó Ì‡ ÷ Ì‡ ¡ œ ÌÓ‚Ó ìœÓ-
ÎÓÊÂÌËÂ Á‡ ‡·ÓÚ‡Ú‡ Ì‡ –‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌÓÚÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ ÔË ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ ‚˙Ú-
Â¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚËî. ¬ ÔÂ‰ÎÓÊÂÌËÂÚÓ ÓÚ ƒËÏËÚ˙ —ÚÓˇÌÓ‚ ËÁË˜ÌÓ ÒÂ ÔÓÒÓ˜‚‡: ìƒÓÍÛ-
17
»ÌÚÂÂÒÌÓ Â ‰‡ ÒÂ ÓÚ·ÂÎÂÊË, ˜Â ÔÓ‰Ó·ÌÓ Ì‡ ÒÔÓ‡ÁÛÏÂÌËÂÚÓ ÓÚ ˛ÎË 1962 „., ‰˙Î„ÓÒÓ˜Ì‡Ú‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚ-
ÒÍÓ-·˙Î„‡ÒÍ‡ ÒÔÓ„Ó‰·‡ ÓÚ 8 ‡ÔËÎ 1972 „. Â ÔÓ˜ÚË Ë‰ÂÌÚË˜Ì‡ ÔÓ Ò˙‰˙Ê‡ÌËÂ Ë ‡Ì„‡ÊËÏÂÌÚË Ò ÔÓ‰ÔËÒ‡Ì‡-
Ú‡ Ì‡ 10 ÙÂ‚Û‡Ë 1972 „. ‚ ÃÓÒÍ‚‡ ‰˙Î„ÓÒÓ˜Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍÓ-˜ÂıÓÒÎÓ‚‡¯Í‡ ÒÔÓ„Ó‰·‡. ≈‰ËÌÒÚ‚ÂÌ‡Ú‡ Ò˙˘ÂÒÚ-
‚ÂÌ‡ ‡ÁÎËÍ‡ Â ‚ ˜Î. 3 Ì‡ ÒÔÓ„Ó‰·‡Ú‡ Ò ◊ÂıÓÒÎÓ‚‡ÍËˇ, ÍÓˇÚÓ Â„Î‡ÏÂÌÚË‡ Ò˙˘Ó ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎ-
ÌÓ ÓÒË„Ûˇ‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍËÚÂ ‚ÓÈÒÍË Ì‡ ˜ÂıÓÒÎÓ‚‡¯Í‡ ÚÂËÚÓËˇ ≠ Soviet Secret Services in
Czechoslovakia. Documents Exhibition Catalogue (Prague: Wallenstein Palace-Czech Senate,
November 2008).
ÏÂÌÚ˙Ú Â Ò˙„Î‡ÒÛ‚‡Ì Ò ÓÏËÚÂÚ‡ Á‡ ‰˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ ÔË ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÍËˇ Ò˙‚ÂÚ Ì‡
———–. ¡ÂÎÂÊÍË ÔÓ ÔÓÂÍÚ‡ √¡ ÌˇÏ‡.î »‰ÂÌÚË˜Ì‡ Á‡·ÂÎÂÊÍ‡ ÒÂ Ò˙‰˙Ê‡ ‚ ÒÎÂ‰‚‡˘Ó
ÔÂ‰ÎÓÊÂÌËÂ ÓÚ ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ ƒ. —ÚÓˇÌÓ‚ ‰Ó œÓÎËÚ·˛Ó ÓÚÌÓÒÌÓ ÛÚ‚˙Ê‰‡‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ìŒÒ-
ÌÓ‚ÌË ÔÓÎÓÊÂÌËˇ Ì‡ ÛÍ‡Á Á‡ ƒ˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚî ÔÂÁ Ï‡Ú 1974 „.
¬ Í‡ˇ Ì‡ ˛ÌË 1975 „. Ì‡ ÓÙËˆË‡ÎÌÓ ÔÓÒÂ˘ÂÌËÂ ‚ ÃÓÒÍ‚‡ Â ‰ÂÎÂ„‡ˆËˇ Ì‡ Ã¬–,
‚Ó‰ÂÌ‡ ÓÚ ƒËÏËÚ˙ —ÚÓˇÌÓ‚. œÓ ‚ÂÏÂ Ì‡ ÒÂ˘‡Ú‡ ÒË Ò ·˙Î„‡ÒÍËˇ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÂÌ ÏËÌËÒ-
Ú˙ ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎˇÚ Ì‡ √¡ fiËÈ ¿Ì‰ÓÔÓ‚ ‰ËÒÍÛÚË‡ ÔÓÒÚË„Ì‡ÚËÚÂ ÒÔÓ‡ÁÛÏÂÌËˇ Á‡
ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ Ë Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó ‚ ≈‚ÓÔ‡ Ë Ò˙Á‰‡‰ÂÌ‡Ú‡ ÒÂ‰‡ Ì‡ ìÌÓ‚Ó ‡Á‚Â‰ˇ‚‡ÌÂî ÔÓ
ÏÌÓ„Ó ÒÔÂˆËÙË˜ÂÌ √¡-ÒÚÍË Ï‡ÌËÂ. √Î‡‚ÌËˇÚ ‡ÍˆÂÌÚ ‚ ËÁÍ‡Á‚‡ÌÂÚÓ ÏÛ Â ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰Ë-
ÏÓÒÚÚ‡ ÓÚ ÔÓÚË‚Ó‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÂ ÒÂ˘Û ìË‰ÂÓÎÓ„Ë˜ÂÒÍ‡Ú‡ ‰Ë‚ÂÒËˇî Ë ì‰ËÒË‰ÂÌÚÒÚÍËÚÂî
‰‚ËÊÂÌËˇ ‚ »ÁÚÓ˜Ì‡ ≈‚ÓÔ‡. ¬ Í‡ˇ Ì‡ ÔÓÒÂ˘ÂÌËÂÚÓ Ì‡ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍ‡Ú‡ ‰ÂÎÂ„‡ˆËˇ, Ì‡ 21
˛ÌË 1975 „. fiËÈ ¿Ì‰ÓÔÓ‚ Ë ƒËÏËÚ˙ —ÚÓˇÌÓ‚ ÔÓ‰ÔËÒ‚‡Ú Ò˙‚ÏÂÒÚÂÌ œÓÚÓÍÓÎ Á‡
ÂÁÛÎÚ‡ÚËÚÂ ÓÚ ‚Ó‰ÂÌËÚÂ ÔÂ„Ó‚ÓË, ÍÓÈÚÓ Â„Î‡ÏÂÌÚË‡ ÔÓÒÚË„Ì‡ÚËÚÂ ‰Ó„Ó‚ÓÂÌÓÒ-
ÚË Á‡ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó ‚ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡Ú‡ Ë ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡ Ó·Î‡ÒÚ Á‡ ÒÎÂ‰‚‡-
˘ËÚÂ ÔÂÚ „Ó‰ËÌË.
œÂÁ ÔÓÎÂÚÚ‡ Ì‡ 1981 „. ÒÂ ÔÓ‚ÂÊ‰‡ ÌÓ‚ Í˙„ ÓÚ ÔÂ„Ó‚ÓË Á‡ ÛÚ‚˙Ê‰‡‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡
18 ÔÂÒÔÂÍÚË‚ÌËÚÂ ÔÎ‡ÌÓ‚Â Á‡ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó ÏÂÊ‰Û ÓÚ‰ÂÎÌËÚÂ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËˇ Ì‡ √¡ Ë
ƒ— Á‡ ÔÂËÓ‰‡ 1981-1985 „. Õ‡ 6 ‡‚„ÛÒÚ 1981 „. ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎˇÚ Ì‡ √¡ fiËÈ ¿Ì‰ÓÔÓ‚
ÛÚ‚˙Ê‰‡‚‡ ‚ÌÂÒÂÌËˇ ÓÚ ¬Î‡‰ËÏË ˛˜ÍÓ‚ ÔÂÒÔÂÍÚË‚ÂÌ ÔÎ‡Ì Á‡ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó
ÏÂÊ‰Û Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍÓÚÓ Ë ·˙Î„‡ÒÍÓÚÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ Á‡ ÒÎÂ‰‚‡˘ËÚÂ ÔÂÚ „Ó‰ËÌË. ÕÓ‚ËˇÚ ‡Ï-
ÍÓ‚ ÔÓÚÓÍÓÎ Á‡ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó ÏÂÊ‰Û √¡ Ë Ã¬– Â ÔÓ‰ÔËÒ‡Ì ÔË ÔÓÒÂ˘ÂÌËÂÚÓ Ì‡
ÌÓ‚Ëˇ ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ √¡ ¬ËÍÚÓ ◊Â·ËÍÓ‚ ‚ —ÓÙËˇ ÓÚ 16 ‰Ó 20 Ï‡È 1983 „. ¬ Ò˙ÒÚ‡‚‡
Ì‡ ‰ÂÎÂ„‡ˆËˇÚ‡ Ò‡ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËˆËÚÂ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍÓÚÓ ‚˙Ì¯ÌÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ (œ√”) Ë ÍÓÌÚ‡-
‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ (¬√”), Í‡ÍÚÓ Ì‡ ÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍÓÚÓ (œÂÚÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ) Ë Ì‡ ËÍÓÌÓÏË˜ÂÒÍÓÚÓ
(ÿÂÒÚÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ) ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ „ÂÌ.-ÔÓÎÍ. ¬. ¿. ˛˜ÍÓ‚, „ÂÌ.-ÎÂÈÚ. √. ‘. √Ë-
„ÓÂÌÍÓ, „ÂÌ.-Ï‡ÈÓ ». œ. ¿·‡ÏÓ‚ Ë „ÂÌ.-ÎÂÈÚ. ‘. ¿. ÿ˜Â·‡Í. ŒÚ 16 ‰Ó 20 ‰ÂÍÂÏ‚Ë
1985 „. ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰Ì‡ ‰ÂÎÂ„‡ˆËˇ Ì‡ Ã¬–, ‚Ó‰ÂÌ‡ ÓÚ ƒËÏËÚ˙ —ÚÓˇÌÓ‚, Â Ì‡ ÔÓÂ‰ÌÓÚÓ
ÓÙËˆË‡ÎÌÓ ÔÓÒÂ˘ÂÌËÂ ‚ ÃÓÒÍ‚‡. ¡˙Î„‡ÒÍËÚÂ ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ËÚÂÎË Ò‡ ËÌÙÓÏË‡ÌË ÓÚ ¬ËÍ-
ÚÓ ◊Â·ËÍÓ‚ Á‡ ÔÓÏÂÌËÚÂ ‚ ‰ÂÈÌÓÒÚÚ‡ Ì‡ √¡ ‚ Ò˙ÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ËÂ Ò ÌÓ‚Ëˇ ‚˙Ì¯ÌÓÔÓÎË-
ÚË˜ÂÒÍË ÍÛÒ Ì‡ ÃËı‡ËÎ √Ó·‡˜Ó‚. œÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎˇÚ Ì‡ √¡ ÔÓÒÓ˜‚‡, ˜Â Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍÓÚÓ
‚˙Ì¯ÌÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ ÓÚ‰ÂÎˇ ÁÌ‡˜ËÚÂÎÌË ÛÒËÎËˇ Á‡ ÔË‰Ó·Ë‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ‡ÍÚÛ‡ÎÌ‡ ËÌÙÓÏ‡-
ˆËˇ Á‡ ÔÎ‡ÌÓ‚ÂÚÂ Ì‡ Õ¿“Œ ‚˙‚ ‚˙ÁÍ‡ Ò ΔÂÌÂ‚ÒÍËÚÂ ÔÂ„Ó‚ÓË ÔÓ ‡ÁÓ˙Ê‡‚‡ÌÂÚÓ. ¬
ËÁÍ‡Á‚‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ ◊Â·ËÍÓ‚ ÒÂ Ò˙‰˙Ê‡Ú Ë Â‰Ëˆ‡ ÔÓÁÌ‡ÚË ‡ÍˆÂÌÚË, Í‡ÚÓ ÔËÁË‚ Á‡ ‡ÍÚË-
‚ËÁË‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌÓÚÓ ÔÓÚË‚Ó‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÂ ÒÂ˘Û ìË‰ÂÓÎÓ„Ë˜ÂÒÍ‡Ú‡ ‰Ë-
‚ÂÒËˇ Ì‡ „Î‡‚ÌËˇ ÔÓÚË‚ÌËÍî. œÂÁ 1986-1987 „. Ò‡ Ò˙„Î‡ÒÛ‚‡ÌË ÌÓ‚Ë ÔÂÒÔÂÍÚË‚ÌË
ÔÎ‡ÌÓ‚Â Á‡ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó ÏÂÊ‰Û ÓÚ‰ÂÎÌË ÒÎÛÊ·Ë ‚ √¡ Ë Ã¬–.
œÂÁ ‡ÔËÎ 1988 „. ÏËÌËÒÚ˙˙Ú Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË Ì‡ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ ÓÚÌÓ‚Ó Â Ì‡
ÔÓÒÂ˘ÂÌËÂ ‚ ÃÓÒÍ‚‡. —Â‰ ÓÒÌÓ‚ÌËÚÂ Ó·Ò˙Ê‰‡ÌË ‚˙ÔÓÒË Ò ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎˇ Ì‡ √¡ ¬ËÍ-
ÚÓ ◊Â·ËÍÓ‚ Â ËÁ„ÓÚ‚ˇÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ ÌÓ‚Ó ‰˙Î„ÓÒÓ˜ÌÓ ‡ÏÍÓ‚Ó ÒÔÓ‡ÁÛÏÂÌËÂ ÏÂÊ‰Û Ã¬–
Ë √¡. œ˙‚ÓÌ‡˜‡ÎÌËˇÚ ÔÓÂÍÚ Ì‡ ÒÔÓ‡ÁÛÏÂÌËÂÚÓ, ËÁÔ‡ÚÂÌ ‚ —ÓÙËˇ Ó˘Â ‚ Í‡ˇ Ì‡
ÙÂ‚Û‡Ë, Ò˙‰˙Ê‡ 13 Ô‡‡„‡Ù‡. —ÎÂ‰ ÔÂ„Ó‚ÓËÚÂ ÔÂÁ ‡ÔËÎ ‚ ÔÓÂÍÚÓÒÔÓ‡ÁÛÏÂ-
ÌËÂÚÓ Â ‰Ó·‡‚ÂÌ Ó˘Â Â‰ËÌ Ô‡‡„‡Ù Ò ÔÓÂ‰ÂÌ ÌÓÏÂ 7 Á‡ ÓÒË„Ûˇ‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒ-
Ú‚ËÂ ÏÂÊ‰Û ÒÔÂˆË‡ÎÌËÚÂ ÒÎÛÊ·Ë ì‚ ÛÒÎÓ‚Ëˇ Ì‡ ÍËÁËÒÌ‡ Ó·ÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚Í‡î. ƒ˙Î„ÓÒÓ˜ÌÓÚÓ
ÒÔÓ‡ÁÛÏÂÌËÂ Á‡ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó ÏÂÊ‰Û √¡ Ë Ã¬– Â ÔÓ‰ÔËÒ‡ÌÓ ‚ ÃÓÒÍ‚‡ Ì‡ 6 ‰ÂÍÂÏ-
‚Ë 1988 „. ÓÚ ÌÓ‚Ëˇ ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ √¡ ¬Î‡‰ËÏË ˛˜ÍÓ‚. ≈‰Ì‡ ÒÂ‰ÏËˆ‡ ÔÓ-Í˙ÒÌÓ
Â ËÁ‚˙¯ÂÌ‡ ÔÓÏˇÌ‡ Ë ‚ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍËÚÂ ÒÚÛÍÚÛË Á‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ. ƒ˙Î„Ó„Ó‰Ë¯ÌËˇÚ ‚˙Ú-
Â¯ÂÌ ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ ƒËÏËÚ˙ —ÚÓˇÌÓ‚ ÒÂ ËÁÍ‡˜‚‡ ‚ Ô‡ÚËÈÌ‡Ú‡ ÈÂ‡ıËˇ Ë Â Á‡ÏÂÌÂÌ Ì‡
ÚÓÁË Ô‡‚ËÚÂÎÒÚ‚ÂÌ ÔÓÒÚ ÓÚ √ÂÓ„Ë “‡ÌÂ‚, ì‚˙ÁÌ‡„‡‰ÂÌî Á‡ ÛÒ˙‰ËÂÚÓ ÏÛ ÔË ÓÒ˙-
˘ÂÒÚ‚ˇ‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ì‚˙ÁÓ‰ËÚÂÎÌËˇ ÔÓˆÂÒî ‚ ˙‰Ê‡ÎË. —ÓÍ˙Ú Ì‡ ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÂ Ì‡ ÌÓ-
‚ÓÚÓ ÒÔÓ‡ÁÛÏÂÌËÂ Â ÙËÍÒË‡Ì Á‡ 15-„Ó‰Ë¯ÂÌ ÔÂËÓ‰, ÍÓÂÚÓ ·Ë ÒÎÂ‰‚‡ÎÓ
‰‡ ÓÁÌ‡˜‡‚‡, ˜Â ÒÂ ‚ËÁË‡ ÔÂËÓ‰ ‰Ó Í‡ˇ Ì‡ 2003 „.! ¬ ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÚÂÎ-
ÌÓÒÚ, ‚ÒË˜ÍË ‰Ó„Ó‚ÓÌË ÒÔÓ‡ÁÛÏÂÌËˇ ‚ Ó·Î‡ÒÚÚ‡ Ì‡ ÓÚ·‡Ì‡Ú‡ Ë ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚÚ‡ Ò‡ ÔÂÍ-
‡ÚÂÌË ‰Â Ù‡ÍÚÓ Ò ÔËÍÎ˛˜‚‡ÌÂ Ò˙˘ÂÒÚ‚Û‚‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ ‚ÓÂÌÌËÚÂ ÒÚÛÍÚÛË Ì‡ ¬‡¯‡‚Ò-
ÍËˇ ‰Ó„Ó‚Ó, ‚ Ò˙ÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚ËÂ Ò Â¯ÂÌËÂÚÓ Ì‡ œÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍËˇ ÍÓÌÒÛÎÚ‡ÚË‚ÂÌ ÍÓÏËÚÂÚ ÓÚ
¡Û‰‡ÔÂ˘‡ Ì‡ 25 ÙÂ‚Û‡Ë 1991 „.18 .
œÂ‰Î‡„‡ÌËˇÚ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚ‡ÎÂÌ Ò·ÓÌËÍ ‚ÍÎ˛˜‚‡ ‡ÁÌÓ·‡ÁÌË Ï‡ÚÂË‡ÎË, ÍÓËÚÓ
ÔÓÍ‡Á‚‡Ú „Î‡‚ÌËÚÂ Ì‡Ô‡‚ÎÂÌËˇ ‚˙‚ ‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÂÚÓ Ë Ò˙‚ÏÂÒÚÌËÚÂ ìÓÔÂ‡ÚË‚ÌÓ-
‡„ÂÌÚÛÌË ÏÂÓÔËˇÚËˇî Ì‡ ÓÒÌÓ‚ÌËÚÂ ÔÓ‰‡Á‰ÂÎÂÌËˇ ‚ ÒÚÛÍÚÛËÚÂ Ì‡ √¡ Ë ƒ— ≠
‚˙Ì¯ÌÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ, ‚˙Ì¯Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ (ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ), ‚˙ÚÂ¯Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ (ÔÓ-
ÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍÓ ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ), ‚ÓÂÌÌÓ ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ, Ì‡Û˜ÌÓÚÂıÌË˜ÂÒÍË ÒÎÛÊ-
·Ë, ‚˙Ì¯ÌÓ Ì‡·Î˛‰ÂÌËÂ Ë ÔÓÒÎÂ‰ˇ‚‡ÌÂ, Á‡˘ËÚ‡ Ì‡ ÒÂÍÂÚÌË Ô‡‚ËÚÂÎÒÚ‚ÂÌË ‚˙ÁÍË,
ËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËÓÌÂÌ Ó·ÏÂÌ, ÒÔÂˆË‡ÎÌÓ Ó·Û˜ÂÌËÂ Ë Ú. Ì. «‡ Ô˙‚ Ô˙Ú ‚ ÔÓ‰Ó·ÌÓ ËÁ‰‡ÌËÂ ÒÂ
ÓÚ‰ÂÎˇ Ò˙˘ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌÓ ‚ÌËÏ‡ÌËÂ Ì‡ ÍÓÌÚ‡ÍÚËÚÂ Ë ÍÓÓ‰ËÌ‡ˆËˇÚ‡ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÏÂÒÚÌËÚÂ ‰ÂÈÒÚ-
‚Ëˇ ‚ Ó·Î‡ÒÚÚ‡ Ì‡ ‚˙Ì¯ÌÓÚÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ (œ˙‚Ó „Î‡‚ÌÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ √¡ Ë œ˙‚Ó
„Î‡‚ÌÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ƒ—). Ã‡ÚÂË‡ÎËÚÂ ÓÚ ÒÎÛÊÂ·ÌËÚÂ ‡ıË‚ÌË ÙÓÌ‰Ó‚Â Ì‡ Õ–— Ë
Ã¬– ÔÂ‰ÓÒÚ‡‚ˇÚ ÌÓ‚Ë ‰‡ÌÌË Á‡ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌËˇ Ó·ÏÂÌ Ë ÍÓÌÒÛÎÚ‡ˆËË ÌÂ Ò‡ÏÓ ÔÓ
ÎËÌËˇ Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎÌËÚÂ ìÎËÌÂÈÌËî („ÂÓ„‡ÙÒÍË) ÓÚ‰ÂÎË, ÌÓ Ë ÔÓ ÒÔÂˆËÙË˜ÌË Ì‡Ô‡‚ÎÂ-
ÌËˇ ≠ ì‡ÍÚË‚ÌË ÏÂÓÔËˇÚËˇ (¿Ã)î, ìÌÂÎÂ„‡ÎÌË ÂÁË‰ÂÌÚÛË (ÎËÌËˇ ìÕî)î, ìÍÓÌÚ‡-
‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌÓ ÓÒË„Ûˇ‚‡ÌÂ Á‡‰ „‡ÌËˆ‡ ( –Œ)î, ìÌ‡Û˜ÌÓÚÂıÌË˜ÂÒÍÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ 19
(Õ“–)î, ìËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËÓÌÌÓ-‡Ì‡ÎËÚË˜Ì‡ ‡·ÓÚ‡î. ŒÚ „ÎÂ‰Ì‡ ÚÓ˜Í‡ Ì‡ ËÁˇÒÌˇ‚‡ÌÂ ‚‡ÊÌË
‰ËÒÍÛÒËÓÌÌË ÔÓ·ÎÂÏË ‚ Ò˙‚ÂÏÂÌÌ‡Ú‡ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍ‡ ËÒÚÓËˇ ÌÂÒ˙ÏÌÂÌ ËÌÚÂÂÒ ÔÂ‰Ò-
Ú‡‚Îˇ‚‡Ú Ò˙„Î‡ÒÛ‚‡ÌËÚÂ Ò˙‚ÏÂÒÚÌË ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚Ëˇ Ë ÔÓÁËˆËËÚÂ Ì‡ ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ √¡
ÔÓ ÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËÂ Ì‡ Ú. Ì‡. ì‰ÂÎÓ ¿ÌÚÓÌÓ‚î ÔÓ ÔÓ‚Ó‰ Ó·‚ËÌÂÌËˇÚ‡ Á‡ ì·˙Î„‡ÒÍ‡ ÒÎÂ‰‡î ‚
ÔÓÍÛ¯ÂÌËÂÚÓ ÒÂ˘Û „Î‡‚‡Ú‡ Ì‡ –ËÏÓ-Í‡ÚÓÎË˜ÂÒÍ‡Ú‡ ˆ˙Í‚‡ Ô‡Ô‡ …Ó‡Ì œ‡‚ÂÎ ¬ÚÓË
ÓÚ 13 Ï‡È 1981 „. (ƒÓÍÛÏÂÌÚË π 42, 44, 45).
«‡ Ô˙‚ Ô˙Ú Ò˙˘ÂÒÚ‚Û‚‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ ÏÌÓ„ÓÒÚ‡ÌÌËˇ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÂÌ ËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËÓÌÂÌ
ÔÓÂÍÚ —Œ”ƒ Ì‡ Ú‡ÈÌËÚÂ ÒÎÛÊ·Ë ÓÚ ¬‡¯‡‚ÒÍËˇ Ô‡ÍÚ Â ·Â„ÎÓ ÒÔÓÏÂÌ‡ÚÓ ÓÚ ŒÎÂ„
√Ó‰ËÂ‚ÒÍË ‚ Ò˙‚ÏÂÒÚÌ‡Ú‡ ÏÛ ÍÌË„‡ Ò ËÒÚÓÙ˙ ¿Ì‰˛ Á‡ ËÒÚÓËˇÚ‡ Ì‡ √¡19. ƒÓ
‰ÌÂÒ Ó·‡˜Â ‚ ÏÌÓ„Ó·ÓÈÌ‡Ú‡ ÛÒÍ‡ ÍÌËÊÌËÌ‡ Á‡ √¡ ÌˇÏ‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎÌ‡ ÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡ˆËˇ Á‡
ÚÓÁË ÒÂÍÂÚÂÌ ÔÓÂÍÚ. œÂÁ 1996 „. ¡Ó‰Ó ¬Â„Ï‡Ì Ë ÃÓÌËÍ‡ “‡Ìˆ¯Â ÓÚ ‘Â‰Â‡ÎÌ‡Ú‡
ÍÓÏËÒËˇ Á‡ ‡ıË‚ËÚÂ Ì‡ Ÿ¿«» ‚ ¡ÂÎËÌ ËÁ‰‡‰Óı‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎÌ‡ ·Ó¯Û‡ Á‡ —Œ”ƒ 20, ‡ ÔÂÁ
2008 „. ˜Â¯ÍËˇÚ ËÒÚÓËÍ œÓÍÓÔ “ÓÏÂÍ ÔÛ·ÎËÍÛ‚‡ ‚ œ‡„‡ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚ‡ÎÂÌ Ò·ÓÌËÍ Á‡
ÔÓÂÍÚ‡21 . ÕÓ‚Ó‡ÁÍËÚËÚÂ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍË ‡ıË‚ÌË ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚË ‚Ì‡ÒˇÚ ÌˇÍÓË ÍÓÂÍˆËË Ë
‰ÓÔ˙ÎÌÂÌËˇ Í˙Ï ÔÛ·ÎËÍÛ‚‡ÌËÚÂ ‰ÓÒÂ„‡ ‰‡ÌÌË Á‡ ÒÂÍÂÚÌËˇ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÂÌ ÔÓÂÍÚ.
œÂÁ 2005 „. ÔÛ·ÎËÍÛ‚‡ıÏÂ Á‡ Ô˙‚ Ô˙Ú ‚ ÂÎÂÍÚÓÌÌËˇ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚ‡ÎÂÌ Ò·ÓÌËÍ ì¡˙Î-
„‡ÒÍËÚÂ ÒÔÂˆË‡ÎÌË ÒÎÛÊ·Ë ÔÂÁ „Ó‰ËÌËÚÂ Ì‡ —ÚÛ‰ÂÌ‡Ú‡ ‚ÓÈÌ‡î ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚË Á‡ —Œ”ƒ,
Ò˙ı‡Ìˇ‚‡ÌË ‚ ÒÎÛÊÂ·ÌËˇ ‡ıË‚ Ì‡ Ã¬–22. ¬ Ì‡ÒÚÓˇ˘Ëˇ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚ‡ÎÂÌ Ò·ÓÌËÍ ÒÂ ÔÓ-
ÏÂÒÚ‚‡ ÏÌÓ„ÓÒÚ‡ÌÌÓÚÓ ÒÔÓ‡ÁÛÏÂÌËÂ ÓÚ Í‡ˇ Ì‡ 1979 „. Á‡ ËÁ„‡Ê‰‡ÌÂ Ì‡ —Œ”ƒ, Í‡Í-
ÚÓ Ë ‰Û„Ë ‚‡ÊÌË ËÌÒÚÛÍÚË‚ÌË Ë ËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËÓÌÌË Ï‡ÚÂË‡ÎË ÔÓ ÔÓÂÍÚ‡ (ƒÓÍÛÏÂÌÚË
π 35, 40, 50, 52).
Œ˘Â ÔÂÁ ‰ÂÍÂÏ‚Ë 1975 „. √¡ Á‡ Ô˙‚ Ô˙Ú ÒÂ Ó·˙˘‡ Ò˙Ò ÒÔÂˆË‡ÎÌÓ ÔÂ‰ÎÓÊÂ-
18
√Ë·ÍÓ‚, ¿Ì‡ÚÓÎËÈ: —Û‰¸·‡ ¬‡¯‡‚ÒÍÓ„Ó ƒÓ„Ó‚Ó‡: ¬ÓÒÔÓÏËÌ‡ÌËˇ, ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚ˚, Ù‡ÍÚ˚ (ÃÓÒÍ‚‡:
–ÛÒÒÍ‡ˇ ÍÌË„‡, 1998), Ò. 198-200.
19
¿Ì‰˛, ËÒÚÓÙ˙; ŒÎÂ„ √Ó‰ËÂ‚ÒÍË: √¡: ÔÓ„ÎÂ‰ ÓÚ‚˙ÚÂ, ËÎË Ú‡ÈÌ‡Ú‡ ËÒÚÓËˇ Ì‡ ÌÂ„Ó‚ËÚÂ
˜ÛÊ‰ÂÒÚ‡ÌÌË ÓÔÂ‡ˆËË ÓÚ ÀÂÌËÌ ‰Ó √Ó·‡˜Ó‚ (—ÓÙËˇ: ‘‡ÍÂÎ, 1992).
20
Wegmann, Bodo; Tantzscher, Monika: SOUD ≠ Das geheimdienstliche Datennetz des östlichen
Bündissystems (Berlin: BstU, 1996).
21
Tomek, Prokop, System sjednocene evidence poznatku o nepriteli v Ceskoslovensych podinkach (Prague:
USTR, 2008)
22
¿ıË‚ÂÌ ÙÓÌ‰ Ì‡ Ã¬–, Ù. 1, ÓÔ. 10‡, ‡.Â. 101, Î. 54-56; ‡.Â. 320, Î. 7-8; ÓÔ. 12, ‡.Â.
110, Î. 115-124.
ÌËÂ Í˙Ï ÒÎÛÊ·ËÚÂ Á‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ ‚ ÒÓˆË‡ÎËÒÚË˜ÂÒÍËÚÂ ÒÚ‡ÌË Á‡ ËÁ„‡Ê‰‡ÌÂ Ì‡ Â‰ËÌÌ‡
ËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËÓÌÌ‡ ÒËÒÚÂÏ‡ Á‡ Ó·˘ ÓÚ˜ÂÚ Ì‡ ‰‡ÌÌË ìÁ‡ ÔÓÚË‚ÌËÍ‡î, ÔÓÎÛ˜ÂÌË ÔÓ ‡ÁÛÁ-
Ì‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡ Ë ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡ ÎËÌËˇ. —ÂÍÂÚÌËˇÚ ÔÓÂÍÚ ÔÓÎÛ˜‡‚‡ ÍÓ‰Ó‚Ó Ì‡Á‚‡-
ÌËÂ —Œ”ƒ (—ËÒÚÂÏ‡ Ó·˙Â‰ËÌÂÌÌÓ„Ó Û˜ÂÚ‡ ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı). ¬ ÓÚ„Ó‚Ó ÓÚ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍ‡ ÒÚ‡Ì‡ ÓÚ
15 ˇÌÛ‡Ë 1976 „. Â ‰‡‰ÂÌÓ ÔËÌˆËÔÌÓ Ò˙„Î‡ÒËÂ Á‡ Û˜‡ÒÚËÂ ‚ Â‡ÎËÁË‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒ-
ÍÓÚÓ ÔÂ‰ÎÓÊÂÌËÂ. Õ‡È-‚ÂÓˇÚÌÓ ÔÓÂÍÚ˙Ú Ì‡ ÒÔÓ‡ÁÛÏÂÌËÂÚÓ Â ËÁÔ‡ÚÂÌ Á‡ ÓÍÓÌ˜‡-
ÚÂÎÌÓ ÛÚ‚˙Ê‰‡‚‡ÌÂ ÓÚ ÔÓÍ‡ÌÂÌËÚÂ Ò˙˛ÁÌË ‰˙Ê‡‚Ë ‚ Ì‡˜‡ÎÓÚÓ Ì‡ ÌÓÂÏ‚Ë 1977 „.,
Ú˙È Í‡ÚÓ ÔÓ‰ÔËÒËÚÂ Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎÌËÚÂ ÏËÌËÒÚË Ò‡ ÔÓÎÓÊÂÌË Ò ‚ÂÏÂ‚Ë ‰Ë‡Ô‡ÁÓÌ ÓÚ ÏÂÒÂˆ
Ë ÔÓÎÓ‚ËÌ‡. œ˙‚Ë ÔÓÒÚ‡‚ˇÚ ÔÓ‰ÔËÒ‡ ÒË ÔÓ‰ ÒÔÓ‡ÁÛÏÂÌËÂÚÓ ÏËÌËÒÚ˙˙Ú Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯-
ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË Ì‡ ◊ÂıÓÒÎÓ‚‡ÍËˇ ». Œ·ÊËÌ‡ (14 ÌÓÂÏ‚Ë), ÏËÌËÒÚ˙˙Ú Ì‡ ƒ˙Ê‡‚Ì‡
ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ Ì‡ √ƒ– ≈. ÃËÎÍÂ (17 ÌÓÂÏ‚Ë) Ë ÏËÌËÒÚ˙˙Ú Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË Ì‡
œÓÎ¯‡ —. Ó‚‡Î˜ËÍ (22 ÌÓÂÏ‚Ë). —ÎÂ‰ Úˇı Ì‡ 25 ÌÓÂÏ‚Ë ÔÓ‰ÔËÒ‚‡ ÛÌ„‡ÒÍËˇÚ ‚˙Ú-
Â¯ÂÌ ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ ¿. ¡ÂÌÍÂË Ë Ì‡ 28 ÌÓÂÏ‚Ë ≠ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍËˇÚ ÏÛ ÍÓÎÂ„‡ ƒ. —ÚÓˇÌÓ‚.
œÂÁ ‚ÚÓ‡Ú‡ ÔÓÎÓ‚ËÌ‡ Ì‡ ‰ÂÍÂÏ‚Ë ÒÎ‡„‡Ú ÔÓ‰ÔËÒËÚÂ ÒË ÔÓÍ‡ÌÂÌËÚÂ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌË ÏË-
ÌËÒÚË Ì‡ Û·‡ Ë ÃÓÌ„ÓÎËˇ Ë Â‰‚‡ Ì‡ 29 ‰ÂÍÂÏ‚Ë 1977 „. ÔÓÒÎÂ‰ÂÌ ÔÓ‰ÔËÒ‚‡ ÔÂ‰ÒÂ-
‰‡ÚÂÎˇÚ Ì‡ √¡ fi. ¿Ì‰ÓÔÓ‚. œÂÚ „Ó‰ËÌË ÔÓ-Í˙ÒÌÓ (13 Ï‡È 1982 „.) Í˙Ï ÏÌÓ„ÓÒÚ‡Ì-
ÌÓÚÓ ÒÔÓ‡ÁÛÏÂÌËÂ ÔÓ —Œ”ƒ ÒÂ ÔËÒ˙Â‰ËÌˇ‚‡ ¬ËÂÚÌ‡Ï.
20 œÂÁ 1978-1980 „. √¡ Ó„‡ÌËÁË‡ ÒÂËˇ ÒÂ˘Ë Ò ì·‡ÚÒÍËÚÂ Ó„‡ÌËî ÔÓ ÌÓ‚Ëˇ
ÏÌÓ„ÓÒÚ‡ÌÂÌ ËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËÓÌÂÌ ÔÓÂÍÚ. Œ·Ò˙‰ÂÌË Ò‡ ÓÒÌÓ‚ÌËÚÂ ÚÂıÌË˜ÂÒÍË Á‡‰‡ÌËˇ Ë
Ô‡‡ÏÂÚË, Ò˙Á‰‡‚‡Ú ÒÂ ÌÓ‚ËÚÂ ÒÔÂˆË‡ÎÌË Á‚ÂÌ‡ ‚ ÒÎÛÊ·ËÚÂ Á‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ, ÍÓËÚÓ Ò‡
Ì‡ÚÓ‚‡ÂÌË ‰‡ ÓÚ„Ó‚‡ˇÚ Á‡ Â‡ÎËÁË‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ ÔÓÂÍÚ‡. ì—ËÒÚÂÏ‡Ú‡ Á‡ Ó·Â‰ËÌÂÌ ÓÚ˜ÂÚ
Ì‡ ‰‡ÌÌË Á‡ ÔÓÚË‚ÌËÍ‡î Á‡ÔÓ˜‚‡ ‰‡ ÙÛÌÍˆËÓÌË‡ ‚ ìÂ‰Ó‚Ì‡ ÂÍÒÔÎÓ‡Ú‡ˆËˇî ÔÂÁ ˇÌÛ-
‡Ë 1981 „. ÃÂÊ‰Û‚ÂÏÂÌÌÓ ÔÓ‰˙ÎÊ‡‚‡ ‰ÓÛÚÓ˜Ìˇ‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ÒıÂÏ‡ÚË˜ÌÓÚÓ Ë Ú‡·ÎË˜ÌÓ
Ò˙‰˙Ê‡ÌËÂ Ì‡ ·‡Á‡Ú‡ ‰‡ÌÌË. œÓÍÓÔ “ÓÏÂÍ ÔÓÒÓ˜‚‡, ˜Â ‰Ó Ì‡˜‡ÎÓÚÓ Ì‡ 1990 „. ‚
Ó·˘‡Ú‡ ËÌÚÂ„Ë‡Ì‡ ËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËÓÌÌ‡ ·‡Á‡ ‰‡ÌÌË ÔÓ ÎËÌËˇ Ì‡ —Œ”ƒ Ò‡ ‚˙‚Â‰ÂÌË Ò‚Â-
‰ÂÌËˇ Á‡ ÓÍÓÎÓ 200 000 ‰Û¯Ë. ¬ ÒÔ‡‚Í‡ Á‡ ‰ÂÈÌÓÒÚÚ‡ Ì‡ ìŒÚ‰ÂÎÂÌËÂÚÓ Á‡ ‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒ-
Ú‚ËÂî ‚ Ã¬– Á‡ ÔÂËÓ‰‡ ÓÚ 1978 ‰Ó 1991 „. ÒÂ Ò˙Ó·˘‡‚‡Ú ÔÓ-ÍÓÌÍÂÚÌË ‰‡ÌÌË. «‡ ÚÓÁË
‰‚‡Ì‡‰ÂÒÂÚ„Ó‰Ë¯ÂÌ ÔÂËÓ‰ ‚ —Œ”ƒ Ò‡ ÔÓÒÚ˙ÔËÎË ‰‡ÌÌË Á‡ Ì‡‰ 260 000 ÎËˆ‡. ŒÚ Úˇı
Ì‡‰ 17 000 ‡ÌÍÂÚÌË Í‡ÚË Ò‡ ËÁÔ‡ÚÂÌË ÓÚ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ23 .
œ‡‰‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ ¡ÂÎËÌÒÍ‡Ú‡ ÒÚÂÌ‡ Ë ÒÏˇÌ‡Ú‡ Ì‡ ÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍËÚÂ ÂÊËÏË ‚ ÒÚ‡ÌËÚÂ
ÓÚ ¬‡¯‡‚ÒÍËˇ Ô‡ÍÚ ÌÂ ‚Ó‰Ë ‰Ó ‡‚ÚÓÏ‡ÚË˜ÌÓ ÔËÍÎ˛˜‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ÏÌÓ„ÓÒÚ‡ÌÌËˇ ÒÂÍÂ-
ÚÂÌ ËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËÓÌÂÌ ÔÓÂÍÚ. œÓÍ‡Á‡ÚÂÎÌÓ Â, ˜Â ‚ Ì‡˜‡ÎÓÚÓ Ì‡ ‰ÂÍÂÏ‚Ë 1989 „. „ÂÌ.
Õ‡ÌÍ‡ —ÂÍÂ‰ÊËÂ‚‡ ‚Ì‡Òˇ Á‡ ÛÚ‚˙Ê‰‡‚‡ÌÂ ÓÚ ÏËÌËÒÚ˙‡ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË Ì‡
ì»ÌÒÚÛÍˆËˇ Á‡ ‰ÂÈÌÓÒÚÚ‡ Ì‡ Ó„‡ÌËÚÂ Ì‡ ƒ˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ ÔÓ ÎËÌËˇ Ì‡ —Œ”ƒî.
“‚˙‰Â ÒÍÓÓ Ó·‡˜Â ·˙ÁËˇÚ ÔÂıÓ‰ Í˙Ï ÔÎÛ‡ÎËÒÚË˜Ì‡ Ó·˘ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌ‡ ÒËÒÚÂÏ‡ ‚Ì‡Òˇ
Ò˙˘ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌË ÍÓÂÍˆËË ‚ Í‡ÚÂ„ÓË‡ÎÌËˇ ‡Ô‡‡Ú, ËÁÔÓÎÁ‚‡Ì ÓÚ ÒÎÛÊ·ËÚÂ Á‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ.
Œ˘Â Ì‡ 8 ÙÂ‚Û‡Ë 1990 „. ÌÓ‚ËˇÚ Ô˙‚Ë Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË
„ÂÌ. À˛·ÂÌ √ÓˆÂ‚ Ó·ÓÒÌÓ‚‡‚‡ ‚ ÔËÒÏÓ ‰Ó –‡·ÓÚÌËˇ ‡Ô‡‡Ú Ì‡ —Œ”ƒ ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰ËÏÓÒÚÚ‡
ÓÚ ‚˙ÁÔËÂÏ‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ìÌÓ‚ ÔÓ‰ıÓ‰î ‚ ÔÂËÓ‰‡ Ì‡ ÔÂıÓ‰ Í˙Ï ‰ÂÏÓÍ‡ˆËˇ. ¬ ‰Û„Ó ÔËÒÏÓ
ÓÚ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍËˇ Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-‚˙ÚÂ¯ÂÌ ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ ‡ÒËÏË —‡Ï‡Ì‰ÊËÂ‚ ÓÚ 10 Ï‡È 1990
„. Ó˘Â ÔÓ-ˇÒÌÓ ÒÂ Ú‚˙‰Ë, ˜Â ÌÓ‚‡Ú‡ ÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍ‡ Ë ÓÔÂ‡ÚË‚Ì‡ Ó·ÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚Í‡ ËÁËÒÍ‚‡
‚Ì‡ÒˇÌÂ Ì‡ ÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍË ÔÓÏÂÌË ‚ ‰ÂÈÌÓÒÚÚ‡ Ì‡ ÒÎÛÊ·ËÚÂ Á‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ. ¬ ÔËÒÏÓÚÓ
ËÁË˜ÌÓ ÒÂ ÔÂ‰Î‡„‡ ‰‡ ÒÂ Ó·Ò˙‰Ë ˆÂÎÂÒ˙Ó·‡ÁÌÓÒÚÚ‡ ÓÚ ÍÓÂÍˆËË ‚ Í‡ÚÂ„ÓËËÚÂ ÎËˆ‡,
‚˙‚ÂÊ‰‡ÌË ‚ —Œ”ƒ.
¬ ÒÔÂˆË‡ÎÌ‡ ËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËˇ ÓÚ 26 ÌÓÂÏ‚Ë 1990 „. ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ √¡ ËÌÙÓ-
ÏË‡ —ÓÙËˇ, ˜Â Ô‡‚ËÚÂÎÒÚ‚‡Ú‡ Ì‡ ”Ì„‡Ëˇ, ◊ÂıÓÒÎÓ‚‡ÍËˇ Ë œÓÎ¯‡ ÓÙËˆË‡ÎÌÓ Ò‡
Ì‡ÒÚÓˇÎË Á‡ ÔÂÍ‡Úˇ‚‡ÌÂ ‚˙‚ÂÊ‰‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡ ËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËˇ Ë ÌÂÈÌÓÚÓ ËÁ-
ÔÓÎÁ‚‡ÌÂ ÔÓ ÎËÌËˇ Ì‡ —Œ”ƒ. ŒÒÚ‡Ì‡ÎËÚÂ ì‡·ÓÌ‡ÚËî ÔÓ‰‰˙Ê‡ÎË ìÓ„‡ÌË˜ÂÌ Ó·ÏÂÌ
23
“ÓÁË Ë ÒÎÂ‰‚‡˘ËÚÂ ÔÓÒÓ˜ÂÌË ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚË Á‡ —Œ”ƒ ÒÂ Ò˙ı‡Ìˇ‚‡Ú ‚: ¿ıË‚ÂÌ
ÙÓÌ‰ Ì‡ Ã¬–, Ù. 8, ÓÔ. 13‡, ‡.Â. 50.
Ì‡ Ò‚Â‰ÂÌËˇ ‚ ‡ÏÍËÚÂ Ì‡ ÒËÒÚÂÏ‡Ú‡î. ¬˙ÔÂÍË Ì‡ÒÚ˙ÔËÎËÚÂ Í‡‰ËÌ‡ÎÌË ÔÓÏÂÌË,
˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ √¡ ÔÂ‰Î‡„‡ ‰‡ ÒÂ Á‡Ô‡ÁË Ì‡ ‰‚ÛÒÚ‡ÌÌ‡ ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ ìÓ·ÏÂÌ‡ Ì‡ ËÌÙÓ-
Ï‡ˆËˇ Ò ·˙Î„‡ÒÍ‡Ú‡ ÒÚ‡Ì‡ ÔÓ ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚Îˇ‚‡˘Ë ‚Á‡ËÏÂÌ ËÌÚÂÂÒ Í‡ÚÂ„ÓËË ÎËˆ‡î.
ŒÙËˆË‡ÎÌ‡Ú‡ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍ‡ ÔÓÁËˆËˇ Í˙Ï ÔÂ‰ÎÓÊÂÌËÂÚÓ Ì‡ √¡ ÓÚ 26 ÌÓÂÏ‚Ë 1990 „. Â
ËÁÎÓÊÂÌ‡ ‚ ÔËÒÏÓ ÓÚ Ô˙‚Ëˇ Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË „ÂÌ.-Ï‡ÈÓ
‡ÒËÏË —‡Ï‡Ì‰ÊËÂ‚ ‰Ó Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎˇ Ì‡ √¡ Ë Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ œ√”- √¡
„ÂÌ.-ÎÂÈÚ. ÀÂÓÌË‰ ÿÂ·‡¯ËÌ ÓÚ 5 ÙÂ‚Û‡Ë 1991 „. ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ
‡·ÓÚË Ì‡ –ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ Ò˙Ó·˘‡‚‡ Á‡ Â¯ÂÌËÂÚÓ ‰‡ ÔÂÍ‡ÚË Û˜‡ÒÚËÂÚÓ ÒË ‚
ÏÌÓ„ÓÒÚ‡ÌÌËˇ ÔÓÂÍÚ —Œ”ƒ.
œÂÁ ÔÓÎÂÚÚ‡ Ë ÎˇÚÓÚÓ Ì‡ 1991 „. Ò‡ ÔÓ‚Â‰ÂÌË ÔÓÒÎÂ‰ÌËÚÂ ÓÙËˆË‡ÎÌË ÔÂ„Ó‚Ó-
Ë ÏÂÊ‰Û ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ËÚÂÎË Ì‡ ÒÔÂˆË‡ÎÌËÚÂ ÒÎÛÊ·Ë Ì‡ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ Ë ———– ÓÚÌÓÒÌÓ ÔÓÒÚË-
„‡ÌÂ Ì‡ Â‚ÂÌÚÛ‡ÎÌ‡ ÌÓ‚‡ ‰Ó„Ó‚ÓÂÌÓÒÚ Á‡ ÔÓ‰˙ÎÊ‡‚‡ÌÂ ËÌÒÚËÚÛˆËÓÌ‡ÎÌËÚÂ ÍÓÌÚ‡ÍÚË
ÒÎÂ‰ ÔËÍÎ˛˜‚‡ÌÂ ÙÛÌÍˆËÓÌË‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ ¬‡¯‡‚ÒÍËˇ ‰Ó„Ó‚Ó. œ˙‚ËÚÂ ‡Á„Ó‚ÓË ÔÓ
ÚÓÁË ‚˙ÔÓÒ ÒÂ ÔÓ‚ÂÊ‰‡Ú ÔÓ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍ‡ ËÌËˆË‡ÚË‚‡ ‚ Í‡ˇ Ì‡ Ï‡Ú. ¬ ‰ÓÍÎ‡‰Ì‡ Á‡ÔËÒÍ‡
ÓÚ 29 Ï‡Ú 1991 „. ‰Ó ÔÂÁË‰ÂÌÚ‡ ΔÂÎ˛ ΔÂÎÂ‚ Ë ÏËÌËÒÚ˙‡ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË
’ËÒÚÓ ƒ‡ÌÓ‚ ‰ËÂÍÚÓ˙Ú Ì‡ Õ–— „ÂÌ. –ÛÏÂÌ “Ó¯ÍÓ‚ ËÌÙÓÏË‡, ˜Â ìÔÓ‚Â˜Â ÓÚ Â‰Ì‡
„Ó‰ËÌ‡ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ ÔÓ ÎËÌËˇ Ì‡ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂÚÓ Â ÔÂÍ‡ÚÂÌÓî. »Ï‡ ÒÂ ÔÂ‰‚Ë‰,
‡Á·Ë‡ ÒÂ, ÌÂ ËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËÓÌÌËˇÚ Ó·ÏÂÌ, ‡ ÓÒ˙˘ÂÒÚ‚ˇ‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÏÂÒÚÌË ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎ- 21
ÌË ÓÔÂ‡ˆËË. ¬ ‰ÓÍÎ‡‰‡ ÒÂ ÔÓÒÓ˜‚‡, ˜Â ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ËÚÂÎËÚÂ Ì‡ √¡ ‚ —ÓÙËˇ „ÂÌ. ÓÒÚÓ-
ÏËÌ Ë ÔÓÎÍ. ‡Á‡ÌÍËÌ ÔÓ‰˜ÂÚ‡ÎË, ˜Â ‚ ÔÓÒÎÂ‰ÌËÚÂ ÏÂÒÂˆË Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍÓÚÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ Â
ÛÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ËÎÓ ÍÓÌÚ‡ÍÚË Ë ÛÒÔÂ¯ÌÓ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó Ò˙Ò ÒÔÂˆË‡ÎÌËÚÂ ÒÎÛÊ·Ë Ì‡ ‡Ì‡‰‡,
¬ÂÎËÍÓ·ËÚ‡ÌËˇ, —¿Ÿ, ‘‡ÌˆËˇ Ë ‰Û„Ë Á‡Ô‡‰ÌË ‰˙Ê‡‚Ë. “ÂÏ‡Ú‡ ÓÚÌÓ‚Ó Â ‰ËÒÍÛÚË-
‡Ì‡ ÔÓ ‚ÂÏÂ Ì‡ ÒÎÂ‰‚‡˘Ë ÒÂ˘Ë Ò ÔÓÎÍ. √ÂÌ‡‰ËÈ ‡Á‡ÌÍËÌ ÔÂÁ ‡ÔËÎ Ë ˛ÌË Ò.„.
Õ‡ 18 ˛ÎË 1991 „. ‚ ÌÓ‚ ‡Á„Ó‚Ó Ò „ÂÌ. À. œ. ÓÒÚÓÏËÌ Ë ÔÓÎÍ. √. ¡. ‡Á‡ÌÍËÌ
Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍËÚÂ ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ËÚÂÎË ËÌÙÓÏË‡Ú: ì—ÔÓ‡ÁÛÏÂÌËÂÚÓ ÏÂÊ‰Û √¡ Ë Ã¬– Â Ò˙„Î‡-
ÒÛ‚‡ÌÓ, ÌÓ ÏÓÊÂ ‰‡ ·˙‰Â ÔÓ‰ÔËÒ‡ÌÓ ÒÎÂ‰ ÒÍÎ˛˜‚‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ ‰Ó„Ó‚Ó Á‡ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó
ÏÂÊ‰Û ‰‚ÂÚÂ ÒÚ‡ÌËî24 . ‡ÍÚÓ Â ‰Ó·Â ËÁ‚ÂÒÚÌÓ, ÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍËÚÂ Ò˙·ËÚËˇ ‚ ÃÓÒÍ‚‡ ‚
Í‡ˇ Ì‡ ‡‚„ÛÒÚ 1991 „. Ë ÔÓÒÎÂ‰‚‡ÎÓÚÓ ‡ÁÔ‡‰‡ÌÂ Ì‡ —˙‚ÂÚÒÍËˇ Ò˙˛Á ÓÒÛÂÚˇ‚‡Ú ÒÍÎ˛˜-
‚‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ ÌÓ‚ ÏÂÊ‰Û‰˙Ê‡‚ÂÌ ‰Ó„Ó‚Ó ÏÂÊ‰Û ‰‚ÂÚÂ ÒÚ‡ÌË ÔÓ ‚ÂÏÂ Ì‡ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂÚÓ
Ì‡ ÃËı‡ËÎ √Ó·‡˜Ó‚. ƒÓ„Ó‚Ó˙Ú Á‡ ÔËˇÚÂÎÒÍË ÓÚÌÓ¯ÂÌËˇ Ë Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó ÏÂÊ‰Û
–ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ Ë –ÛÒÍ‡Ú‡ ÙÂ‰Â‡ˆËˇ Â ÔÓ‰ÔËÒ‡Ì ÓÚ ÔÂÁË‰ÂÌÚËÚÂ ΔÂÎ˛ ΔÂÎÂ‚
Ë ¡ÓËÒ ≈ÎˆËÌ „Ó‰ËÌ‡ ÔÓ-Í˙ÒÌÓ, ÔÂÁ ‡‚„ÛÒÚ 1992 „. œÓ ÚÓ‚‡ ‚ÂÏÂ Ó·‡˜Â ÚÂÏ‡Ú‡ Á‡
ÌÓ‚Ó ÒÔÓ‡ÁÛÏÂÌËÂ Á‡ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó ÏÂÊ‰Û ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌËÚÂ ÒÎÛÊ·Ë ‚Â˜Â ÌÂ Â Ì‡
‰ÌÂ‚ÂÌ Â‰.
24
¿ıË‚ÂÌ ÙÓÌ‰ Ì‡ Õ–—, Ù. 9, ÓÔ. 4‡, ‡.Â. 69‡.
ÑÏÈÑÚÊ ÍÀ ÄÎÊÓÌÅÍÒÈÒÅ
1. ƒÓÍÎ‡‰ ÓÚ ’. ¡ÓÂ‚ ≠ Á‡Ï.-‰ËÂÍÚÓ ƒƒ—, —ÓÙËˇ, 12 ˛ÌË 1950 „.

(Ù. Ã¬–, Ô. Ù. 1, ÓÔ. 1, ‡.Â. 1683, Î. 1-8)
2. œËÒÏÓ ÓÚ —. ». ‘ËÎ‡ÚÓ‚ ‰Ó –. ’ËÒÚÓÁÓ‚, 2 ÓÍÚÓÏ‚Ë 1950 „.
(Ù. Ã¬–, Ô. Ù. 1, ÓÔ. 5, ‡.Â. 92, Î. 12-13)
3. œËÒÏÓ ≠ ÓÚ„Ó‚Ó ÓÚ –. ’ËÒÚÓÁÓ‚ ‰Ó —. ». ‘ËÎ‡ÚÓ‚, 31 ÓÍÚÓÏ‚Ë 1950 „.
(Ù. Ã¬–, Ô. Ù. 1, ÓÔ. 5, ‡.Â. 92, Î. 14)
4. —ÔËÒÓÍ ÒÓ‚ÂÚÌËÍÓ‚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ ÒÚ‡¯Â„Ó ÒÓ‚ÂÚÌËÍ‡ Ã¬ƒ ———– ÔË Ã¬ƒ
———– ÔË ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÚ‚Â ‚ÌÛÚÂÌÌËı ‰ÂÎ Õ‡Ó‰ÌÓÈ –ÂÒÔÛ·ÎËÍË ¡ÓÎ„‡ËË,
22 ˛ÎË 1953 „.
(Ù. Ã¬–, Ô. Ù. 1, ÓÔ. 5, ‡.Â. 23, Î. 216-218)
5. «‡ÏÂÚÍË Ó ÏÂ‡ı ÔÓ ÛÎÛ˜¯ÂÌË˛ ‡·ÓÚ˚ Ó„‡ÌÓ‚ „ÓÒÛ‰‡ÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓÈ
·ÂÁÓÔ‡ÒÌÓÒÚË Õ–¡ÓÎ„‡ËË, 1953 „.
(Ù. Ã¬–, Ô. Ù. 1, ÓÔ. 5, ‡.Â. 23, Î. 198-206)
6. ¡ÂÎÂÊÍË Ì‡ ÏËÌËÒÚ˙‡ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË √. ÷‡ÌÍÓ‚ Á‡
ÏÌÓ„ÓÒÚ‡ÌÌÓÚÓ Ò˙‚Â˘‡ÌËÂ, Ò˙ÒÚÓˇÎÓ ÒÂ ‚ ÃÓÒÍ‚‡ Ì‡ 7 Ï‡Ú 1955 „.
[Ò˙Ò Ò˙Í‡˘ÂÌËˇ]
(Ù. Ã¬–, Ô. Ù. 1, ÓÔ. 5, ‡.Â. 44, Î. 10-11, 33-37)
7. ƒÓÍÎ‡‰Ì‡ Á‡ÔËÒÍ‡ ÓÚ Õ. ◊ÓÎ‡ÍÓ‚ ÓÚÌÓÒÌÓ Ò˙ÒÚÓˇÎ‡Ú‡ ÒÂ ÒÂ˘‡
‚ „. Œ‰ÂÒ‡ ÏÂÊ‰Û ‡·ÓÚÌËˆË ÔÓ ‚Ó‰ÌËˇ Ë Ê.Ô. Ú‡ÌÒÔÓÚ Ì‡ ———– Ë Õ–¡,
19 ˛ÎË 1958 „.
(Ù. Ã¬–, Ô. Ù. 2, ÓÔ. 1, ‡.Â. 1344, Î. 19-23)
8. ÃÂÓÔËˇÚËˇ Á‡ ÔÓ-Ì‡Ú‡Ú˙¯ÌÓ ÛÒËÎ‚‡ÌÂ ÍÓÓ‰ËÌ‡ˆËˇÚ‡ Ë
‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÂÚÓ ÏÂÊ‰Û Ó„‡ÌËÚÂ Ì‡ ƒ— ≠ Õ–¡ Ë Ó„‡ÌËÚÂ Ì‡
·ÂÁÓÔ‡ÒÌÓÒÚÚ‡ Ì‡ ———–, 3 ˛ÎË 1959 „.
(Ù. Õ–—, Ô. Ù. 9, ÓÔ. 2, ‡.Â. 804, Î. 8-12)
9. »ÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËˇ Ì‡ √. ÛÏ·ËÎËÂ‚ ÔÂ‰ Ò˙‚Â˘‡ÌËÂ Ì‡ ‡ÍÚË‚‡ Ì‡
ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË, —ÓÙËˇ, 11 ‡‚„ÛÒÚ 1959 „.
(Ù. Õ–—, Ô. Ù. 9, ÓÔ. 2, ‡.Â. 803, Î. 142-170)
10. ‡ÚÍ‡ ÒÔ‡‚Í‡ ÓÚÌÓÒÌÓ ËÁÔ˙ÎÌÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ÔÎ‡Ì‡ ÔÓ ‡Á‡·ÓÚÂÌËÚÂ
Ò˙‚ÏÂÒÚÌÓ Ò˙Ò Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍËÚÂ ‰Û„‡Ë ÏÂÓÔËˇÚËˇ ÔÓ ÎËÌËˇ Ì‡
‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂÚÓ, —ÓÙËˇ, 13 ‡‚„ÛÒÚ 1960 „.
(Ù. Õ–—, Ô. Ù. 9, ÓÔ. 2, ‡.Â. 804, Î. 48-49)
11. «‡ÔËÒ-·ÂÒÂ‰‡ ÔÓ ÍÓÓ‰ËÌË‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌËÚÂ Ë
ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌËÚÂ ÏÂÓÔËˇÚËˇ Ë Ò˙‚ÏÂÒÚÌÓÚÓ ÔÓ‚ÂÊ‰‡ÌÂ
Ì‡ ÌˇÍÓË ÓÚ Úˇı ÏÂÊ‰Û Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ‡Ó‰Ì‡ ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ
Ë ÓÏËÚÂÚ‡ Á‡ ‰˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ ÔË ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÍËˇ Ò˙‚ÂÚ
Ì‡ —˙˛Á‡ Ì‡ ——–, 5 ˛ÌË 1961 „.
(Ù. Õ–—, Ô. Ù. 9, ÓÔ. 2, ‡.Â. 804, Î. 74-81)
12. ƒÓÍÎ‡‰ ÓÚ ƒ. ƒËÍÓ‚ ‰Ó ¿. fi„Ó‚ ÓÚÌÓÒÌÓ ÛÚ‚˙Ê‰‡‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ —˙„Î‡¯ÂÌËÂ
Á‡ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó ÏÂÊ‰Û ÓÏËÚÂÚ‡ Á‡ ‰˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ·ÂÁÓÔ‡ÒÌÓÒÚ
ÔË —˙‚ÂÚ‡ Ì‡ ÏËÌËÒÚËÚÂ Ì‡ ———– Ë ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ
‡·ÓÚË Ì‡ Õ–¡, 5 ˛ÎË 1962 „.
(Ù. Ã¬–, Ô. Ù. 1, ÓÔ. 7, ‡.Â. 160, Î. 1-2)
13. –‡ÁÔÓÂÊ‰‡ÌÂ π —-1164 Ì‡ Ã— ÓÚ 11 ˛ÎË 1962 „Ó‰ËÌ‡ Á‡ ÛÚ‚˙Ê‰‡‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡
Ò˙„Î‡¯ÂÌËÂ π I-1346 ÓÚ 5 ˛ÎË 1962 „.
(Ù. Ã¬–, Ô. Ù. 1, ÓÔ. 7, ‡.Â. 808, Î. 20-22)
14. «‡ÔËÒ Ì‡ ·ÂÒÂ‰‡Ú‡ ÏÂÊ‰Û ¬. ≈. —ÂÏË˜‡ÒÚÌË Ë ƒ. ƒËÍÓ‚ ÓÚÌÓÒÌÓ
ÂÁÛÎÚ‡ÚËÚÂ Ë ÔÓ-Ì‡Ú‡Ú˙¯ÌÓÚÓ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó ÏÂÊ‰Û √¡ ÔË —Ã 23
Ì‡ ———– Ë Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, ÃÓÒÍ‚‡, 17 Ï‡È 1963 „.
(Ù. Õ–—, Ô. Ù. 9, ÓÔ. 2, ‡.Â. 804, Î. 158-168)
15. «‡ÔËÒÍ‡ Á‡ ÂÁÛÎÚ‡ÚËÚÂ ÓÚ ÔÂ„Ó‚ÓËÚÂ ÏÂÊ‰Û ‰ÂÎÂ„‡ˆËËÚÂ Ì‡ √¡ ÔË
Ã— Ì‡ ———– Ë ƒ— ÔË Ã— Ì‡ Õ–¡, —ÓÙËˇ, 29 ÌÓÂÏ‚Ë 1965 „.
(Ù. Õ–—, Ô. Ù. 9, ÓÔ. 2, ‡.Â. 806, Î. 33-35)
16. »ÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËˇ ‰Ó ¿. —ÓÎ‡ÍÓ‚ Á‡ ÔÓÒÂ˘ÂÌËÂÚÓ ‚ —˙‚ÂÚÒÍËˇ Ò˙˛Á Ì‡
·˙Î„‡ÒÍ‡ ‰ÂÎÂ„‡ˆËˇ Ò ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ËÚÂÎË ÓÚ ƒ— Ë ÔÓ‚Â‰ÂÌË ÒÂ˘Ë Ò
˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ I „Î‡‚ÌÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ √¡, 18 Ï‡Ú 1966 „.
(Ù. Õ–—, Ô. Ù. 9, ÓÔ. 2, ‡.Â. 806, Î. 129-141)
17. ÓÏÏ˛ÌËÍÂ Ó ÔÂÂ„Ó‚Ó‡ı ‰ÂÎÂ„‡ˆËÈ ÓÏËÚÂÚ‡ „ÓÒ·ÂÁÓÔ‡ÒÌÓÒÚË Õ‡Ó‰ÌÓÈ
–ÂÒÔÛ·ÎËÍË ¡ÓÎ„‡ËË Ë ÓÏËÚÂÚ‡ „ÓÒ·ÂÁÓÔ‡ÒÌÓÒÚË ÔË —Ó‚ÂÚÂ ÏËÌËÒÚÓ‚
———–, ÃÓÒÍ‚‡, 6-12 Ï‡È 1968 „.
(Ù. Ã¬–, Ô. Ù. 1, ÓÔ. 10, ‡.Â. 912, Î. 1-4)
18. œÎ‡Ì ÒÓÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚‡ ÓÔÂ‡ÚË‚ÌÓ-ÚÂıÌË˜ÂÒÍËı ÒÎÛÊ· √¡ Õ–¡
Ë √¡ ÔË —Ã ———– ‚ Ó·Î‡ÒÚË ÓÔÂ‡ÚË‚ÌÓÈ ÚÂıÌËÍË Ì‡ 1968-1970 „Ó‰˚
(Ù. Ã¬–, Ô. Ù. 1, ÓÔ. 10, ‡.Â. 913, Î. 3-12)
19. ƒÓÍÎ‡‰Ì‡ Á‡ÔËÒÍ‡ ÓÚ ƒ. ¸ÓÒÂ‚ Á‡ ÔÓ‚Â‰ÂÌ‡ ÒÂ˘‡ Ò ¿. Ã. —‡ı‡Ó‚ÒÍË
ÔÓ ÎËÌËˇ Ì‡ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂÚÓ, —ÓÙËˇ, 4 Ï‡Ú 1969 „.
(Ù. Õ–—, Ô. Ù. 9, ÓÔ. 2, ‡.Â. 812, Î. 17- 20)
20. —ÔÓ„Ó‰·‡ ÏÂÊ‰Û Ô‡‚ËÚÂÎÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ Õ‡Ó‰Ì‡ ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ
Ë Ô‡‚ËÚÂÎÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ —˙˛Á‡ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍËÚÂ ÒÓˆË‡ÎËÒÚË˜ÂÒÍË ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍË
Á‡ Ó„‡ÌËÁË‡ÌÂ Ì‡ Ô‡‚ËÚÂÎÒÚ‚ÂÌ‡ ÚÂÎÂ„‡ÙÌ‡ Á‡ÒÂÍÂÚÂÌ‡ ‚˙ÁÍ‡
ÏÂÊ‰Û —ÓÙËˇ Ë ÃÓÒÍ‚‡, —ÓÙËˇ, 30 Ï‡È 1969 „.
(Ù. Ã¬–, Ô. Ù. 1, ÓÔ. 10, ‡.Â. 905, Î. 1-5)
21. œÓÚÓÍÓÎ Á‡ ÔÂ„Ó‚ÓËÚÂ ÏÂÊ‰Û ‰ÂÎÂ„‡ˆËËÚÂ Ì‡ ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ
Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË Ì‡ Õ‡Ó‰Ì‡ ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ Ë ÓÏËÚÂÚ‡
Á‡ ‰˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ ÔË ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÍËˇ Ò˙‚ÂÚ Ì‡ —˙‚ÂÚÒÍËˇ Ò˙˛Á,
—ÓÙËˇ, 29 ÌÓÂÏ‚Ë 1969 „.
(Ù. Õ–—, Ô. Ù. 9, ÓÔ. 2, ‡.Â. 813, Î. 3-7 (ÒÚ‡. ÌÓÏ. Î. 315-319)
22. »ÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËˇ π 724 ÓÚÌÓÒÌÓ Ò˙ÒÚÓˇÎËÚÂ ÒÂ ‡Á„Ó‚ÓË Ò ÔÂ·Ë‚‡‚‡Î‡Ú‡
Û Ì‡Ò ‰ÂÎÂ„‡ˆËˇ Ì‡ √¡ Ì‡˜ÂÎÓ Ò fi. ¿Ì‰ÓÔÓ‚, —ÓÙËˇ, 24 ‰ÂÍÂÏ‚Ë 1969 „.
(Ù. Õ–—, Ô. Ù. 9, ÓÔ. 2, ‡.Â. 813, Î. 16-23)
23. ¬˙ÔÓÒË Ì‡ œ˙‚Ó „Î‡‚ÌÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ƒ— Á‡ ‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÂ
Ò √¡ ÔÓ ÎËÌËˇ Ì‡ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂÚÓ, —ÓÙËˇ, 1971 „.
(Ù. Õ–—, Ô. Ù. 9, ÓÔ. 2, ‡.Â. 815, Î. 1-3)
24. —ÔÓ‡ÁÛÏÂÌËÂ Á‡ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó ÏÂÊ‰Û ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ
‡·ÓÚË Ì‡ Õ‡Ó‰Ì‡ ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ Ë ÓÏËÚÂÚ‡ Á‡ ‰˙Ê‡‚Ì‡
ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ ÔË ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÍËˇ Ò˙‚ÂÚ Ì‡ —˙˛Á‡ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍËÚÂ
24
ÒÓˆË‡ÎËÒÚË˜ÂÒÍË ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍË, —ÓÙËˇ, 8 ‡ÔËÎ 1972 „.
(Ù. Ã¬–, Ô. Ù. 1, ÓÔ. 13, ‡.Â. 10, Î. 1-8)
25. œÂÒÔÂÍÚË‚ÂÌ ÔÎ‡Ì Á‡ ‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÂ ÏÂÊ‰Û Ó„‡ÌËÚÂ Ì‡ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂÚÓ
Ì‡ ÓÏËÚÂÚ‡ Á‡ ‰˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ ÔË ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÍËˇ Ò˙‚ÂÚ
Ì‡ —˙‚ÂÚÒÍËˇ Ò˙˛Á Ë ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË
Ì‡ Õ‡Ó‰Ì‡ ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ ÔÂÁ 1972-1975 „., ‡ÔËÎ 1972 „.
(Ù. Õ–—, Ô. Ù. 9, ÓÔ. 2, ‡.Â. 816, Î. 1-19)
26. œÎ‡Ì Á‡ ‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÂ ÔÓ ÎËÌËˇ Ì‡ ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡Ú‡ ‡·ÓÚ‡
ÏÂÊ‰Û II „Î‡‚ÌÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ÓÏËÚÂÚ‡ Á‡ ‰˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ ÔË
ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÍËˇ Ò˙‚ÂÚ Ì‡ —˙‚ÂÚÒÍËˇ Ò˙˛Á Ë II „Î‡‚ÌÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡
ÏËÌËÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË Ì‡ Õ‡Ó‰Ì‡ ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ
Á‡ 1972-1974 „., ‡ÔËÎ 1972 „.
(Ù. Ã¬–, Ô. Ù. 1, ÓÔ. 10, ‡.Â. 1280, Î. 1-10)
27. œÎ‡Ì Á‡ ‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÂ Ë ‰ÂÎÓ‚Ó Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó ‚
ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡Ú‡ ‡·ÓÚ‡ ÏÂÊ‰Û V ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ÓÏËÚÂÚ‡ Á‡
‰˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ ÔË ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÍËˇ Ò˙‚ÂÚ Ì‡ —˙˛Á‡ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍËÚÂ
ÒÓˆË‡ÎËÒÚË˜ÂÒÍË ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍË Ë VI ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡
‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË Ì‡ Õ‡Ó‰Ì‡ ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ Á‡ 1972-1974 „.,
‡ÔËÎ 1972 „.
(Ù. Ã¬–, Ô. Ù. 1, ÓÔ. 10, ‡.Â. 1282, Î. 1-13)
28. œÂÒÔÂÍÚË‚ÂÌ ÔÎ‡Ì Á‡ ‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÂ ÏÂÊ‰Û ‚ÓÂÌÌËÚÂ
ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌËˇ Ì‡ ÓÏËÚÂÚ‡ Á‡ ‰˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ ÔË
ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÍËˇ Ò˙‚ÂÚ Ì‡ —˙˛Á‡ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍËÚÂ ÒÓˆË‡ÎËÒÚË˜ÂÒÍË ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍË
Ë ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË Ì‡ Õ‡Ó‰Ì‡ ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡
¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ Á‡ 1972-1975 „., ÃÓÒÍ‚‡, 20 Ï‡È 1972 „.
(Ù. Ã¬–, Ô. Ù. 1, ÓÔ. 10, ‡.Â. 1281, Î. 1-5)
29. —Ô‡‚Í‡ ÓÚÌÓÒÌÓ ‡·ÓÚ‡Ú‡ Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ VII, œ√”-ƒ— ÔÓ ËÁÔ˙ÎÌÂÌËÂÚÓ Ì‡
ÏÂÓÔËˇÚËˇÚ‡ ÔÓ ÔÎ‡Ì‡ Á‡ ‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÂ Ì‡ œ√”-ƒ— Ë œ√”- √¡ ÔÓ
ÎËÌËˇ Ì‡ Õ“– ÔÂÁ 1973 „., —ÓÙËˇ, 9 Ï‡Ú 1974 „.
(Ù. Õ–—, Ô. Ù. 9, ÓÔ. 3, ‡.Â. 163, Î. 107-110)
30. ƒÓÍÎ‡‰Ì‡ Á‡ÔËÒÍ‡ ÓÚÌÓÒÌÓ ÔÓÒÂ˘ÂÌËÂÚÓ Ì‡ „ÛÔ‡ ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ÌË ‡·ÓÚÌËˆË
ÓÚ ¬Õ ÔË √¡, —ÓÙËˇ, 3 ˛ÌË 1974 „.
(Ù. Ã¬–, Ô. Ù. 1, ÓÔ. 10, ‡.Â. 1051, Î. 90-95)
31. «‡ÔËÒÍË ÔÓ ËÁÍ‡Á‚‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ ¬. ¿. ˛˜ÍÓ‚ ÓÚÌÓÒÌÓ Ò˙‚ÏÂÒÚÌËˇ
ÔÂÒÔÂÍÚË‚ÂÌ ÔÎ‡Ì, —ÓÙËˇ, 2 ˛ÌË 1975 „.
(Ù. Õ–—, Ô. Ù. 9, ÓÔ. 3, ‡.Â. 435, Î. 23-33)
32. œÂÒÔÂÍÚË‚ÂÌ ÔÎ‡Ì Á‡ ‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÂÚÓ ÏÂÊ‰Û Ó„‡ÌËÚÂ Ì‡ ‚˙Ì¯ÌÓÚÓ
‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË
Ì‡ Õ‡Ó‰Ì‡ ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ Ë ÓÏËÚÂÚ‡ Á‡ ‰˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ 25
ÔË ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÍËˇ Ò˙‚ÂÚ Ì‡ ———– ÔÂÁ 1975-1980 „., 4 ˛ÌË 1975 „.
(Ù. Õ–—, Ô. Ù. 9, ÓÔ. 3, ‡.Â. 435, Î. 36-54)
33. œÓÚÓÍÓÎ Á‡ ÂÁÛÎÚ‡ÚËÚÂ ÓÚ ÔÂ„Ó‚ÓËÚÂ ÏÂÊ‰Û ‰ÂÎÂ„‡ˆËËÚÂ Ì‡
ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË Ì‡ Õ‡Ó‰Ì‡ ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ
Ë ÓÏËÚÂÚ‡ Á‡ ‰˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ ÔË ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÍËˇ Ò˙‚ÂÚ
Ì‡ —˙˛Á‡ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍËÚÂ ÒÓˆË‡ÎËÒÚË˜ÂÒÍË ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍË, ˛ÌË 1975 „.
(Ù. Ã¬–, Ô. Ù. 1, ÓÔ. 13, ‡.Â. 18, Î. 1-7)
34. —Ô‡‚Í‡ Ó ÔÓ‰„ÓÚÓ‚ÍÂ „ÛÔÔ˚ ÒÓÚÛ‰ÌËÍÓ‚ œ√” Ã¬ƒ Ì‡Ó‰ÌÓÈ
ÂÒÔÛ·ÎËÍË ¡ÓÎ„‡ËË Ì‡ ‡Á‚Â‰˚‚‡ÚÂÎ¸Ì˚ı ÍÛÒ‡ı ‚ ÃÓÒÍ‚Â
‚ 1975/76 Û˜Â·ÌÓÏ „Ó‰Û, ÃÓÒÍ‚‡, 22 ˛ÎË 1976 „.
(Ù. Õ–—, Ô. Ù. 9, ÓÔ. 4‡, ‡.Â. 337, Î. 13-17)
35. —Ó„Î‡¯ÂÌËÂ Ó ÒËÒÚÂÏÂ Ó·¸Â‰ËÌÂÌÌÓ„Ó Û˜ÂÚ‡ ‰‡ÌÌ˚ı Ó ÔÓÚË‚ÌËÍÂ,
29 ‰ÂÍÂÏ‚Ë 1977 „.
(Ù. Ã¬–, Ô. Ù. 8, ÓÔ. 13‡, ‡.Â. 2, Î. 1-6)
36. —Ô‡‚Í‡ ÓÚÌÓÒÌÓ Ò˙ÒÚÓˇÌËÂÚÓ Ë ‡Á‚ËÚËÂÚÓ Ì‡ ËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËÓÌÌËˇ Ó·ÏÂÌ
ÏÂÊ‰Û ÓÚ‰ÂÎ VII, œ√”-ƒ— Ë ”Ô‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Õ“– Ì‡ œ√”- √¡ ÔÂÁ ÔÂËÓ‰‡
ÓÚ 01.01.1976 „. ‰Ó 30.04.1978 „., 20 Ï‡È 1978 „.
(Ù. Õ–—, Ô. Ù. 9, ÓÔ. 3, ‡.Â. 171, Î. 43-47)
37. ÓÏÔÎÂÍÒÂÌ ÔÎ‡Ì Á‡ ‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÂÚÓ Ì‡ Ó„‡ÌËÚÂ Ì‡ ‚˙Ì¯ÌËÚÂ
‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌËˇ Ì‡ Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡ Ë √¡ Ì‡ ———– ÔÓ Ó„‡ÌËÁË‡ÌÂ Ì‡
‡„ÂÌÚÛÌÓ-ÓÔÂ‡ÚË‚ÌËÚÂ ÏÂÓÔËˇÚËˇ ‚ ‡·ÓÚ‡Ú‡ ÔÓÚË‚ Õ¿“Œ Á‡
ÔÂËÓ‰‡ 1979-1980 „., ÔÂÔËÒ-ËÁ‚ÎÂ˜ÂÌËÂ ÓÚ 1 ÙÂ‚Û‡Ë 1979 „.
(Ù. Õ–—, Ô. Ù. 9, ÓÔ. 3, ‡.Â. 209, Î. 1-3)
38. ÓÏÔÎÂÍÒÂÌ ÔÎ‡Ì Á‡ Ò˙‚ÏÂÒÚÌ‡Ú‡ ‡·ÓÚ‡ Ì‡ œ√” Ã¬– Õ–¡
Ë œ√” √¡ ———– ÔÓ —¿Ÿ Á‡ ÔÂËÓ‰‡ 1979-1980 „., ÔÂÔËÒ-ËÁ‚ÎÂ˜ÂÌËÂ
ÓÚ 1 ÙÂ‚Û‡Ë 1979 „.
(Ù. Õ–—, Ô. Ù. 9, ÓÔ. 3, ‡.Â. 209, Î. 4-6)
39. œÓÚÓÍÓÎ ÔÂÂ„Ó‚ÓÓ‚ ÛÍÓ‚Ó‰ËÚÂÎÂÈ ÓÔÂ‡ÚË‚ÌÓ-ÚÂıÌË˜ÂÒÍËı
ÒÎÛÊ· Ã¬ƒ Õ–¡ Ë √¡ ———– Ó ÒÓÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Â ‚ 1981-1982 „.,
ÃÓÒÍ‚‡, 26 ÒÂÔÚÂÏ‚Ë 1980 „.
(Ù. Ã¬–, Ô. Ù. 1, ÓÔ. 13, ‡.Â. 25, Î. 1-2)
40. ƒÓÍÎ‡‰ ÓÚÌÓÒÌÓ ËÁÔ˙ÎÌÂÌËÂÚÓ Ì‡ Á‡‰˙ÎÊÂÌËˇÚ‡ Í˙Ï —ËÒÚÂÏ‡Ú‡ Á‡
Ó·Â‰ËÌÂÌËˇ ÓÚ˜ÂÚ Ì‡ ‰‡ÌÌËÚÂ Á‡ ÔÓÚË‚ÌËÍ‡ ≠ —Œ”ƒ Á‡ 1980 „.,
—ÓÙËˇ, 4 ÙÂ‚Û‡Ë 1981 „.
(Ù. Ã¬–, Ô. Ù. 8, ÓÔ. 13‡, ‡.Â. 56, Î. 58-65)
41. œÂÒÔÂÍÚË‚ÂÌ ÔÎ‡Ì Á‡ ‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÂÚÓ Ì‡ ‚˙Ì¯ÌËÚÂ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌËˇ Ì‡
Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡ Ë √¡ Ì‡ ———– Á‡ ÔÂËÓ‰‡ 1981-1985 „., 6 ‡‚„ÛÒÚ 1981 „.
(Ù. Õ–—, Ô. Ù. 9, ÓÔ. 4, ‡.Â. 88, Î. 1-18)
42. œÓÚÓÍÓÎ Á‡ ÂÁÛÎÚ‡ÚËÚÂ ÓÚ ÔÂ„Ó‚ÓËÚÂ ÏÂÊ‰Û ‰ÂÎÂ„‡ˆËË Ì‡
ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË Ì‡ Õ‡Ó‰Ì‡ ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ
26 Ë ÓÏËÚÂÚ‡ Á‡ ‰˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ Ì‡ —˙˛Á‡ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍËÚÂ
ÒÓˆË‡ÎËÒÚË˜ÂÒÍË ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍË, —ÓÙËˇ, 20 Ï‡È 1983 „.
(Ù. Õ–—, Ô. Ù. 9, ÓÔ. 4, ‡.Â. 91, Î. 168-178)
43. œÎ‡Ì Á‡ Ò˙‚ÏÂÒÚÌ‡ ‰ÂÈÌÓÒÚ Ò Ó„‡ÌËÚÂ Ì‡ √¡ ÔÂÁ ÔÂËÓ‰‡ 1983-1985 „.,
—ÓÙËˇ, 20 ˛ÌË 1983 „.
(Ù. Ã¬–, Ô. Ù. 22, ÓÔ. 1, ‡.Â. 202, Î. 1-5)
44. —Ô‡‚Í‡ ÓÚÌÓÒÌÓ ÔÓ‚Â‰ÂÌËˇ ‡Á„Ó‚Ó Ì‡ ÒÂ˘‡Ú‡ Ì‡ ˛˜ÍÓ‚ ≠
Á‡Ï.-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ √¡ Ë Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ‡ Ì‡ œ√”- √¡ Ò ‰ÂÎÂ„‡ˆËˇ
Ì‡ œ√”-ƒ—, 19 ÌÓÂÏ‚Ë 1984 „.
(Ù. Õ–—, Ô. Ù. 9, ÓÔ. 4, ‡.Â. 663, Î. 26-30)
45. ƒÓÍÎ‡‰Ì‡ Á‡ÔËÒÍ‡ ÓÚÌÓÒÌÓ ÔÂ·Ë‚‡‚‡ÌÂÚÓ Ì‡ ‰ÂÎÂ„‡ˆËˇ Ì‡ œ√”- √¡,
—ÓÙËˇ, 23 ‡‚„ÛÒÚ 1985 „.
(Ù. Õ–—, Ô. Ù. 9, ÓÔ. 4, ‡.Â. 93, Î. 156-173)
46. œÂÒÔÂÍÚË‚ÂÌ ÔÎ‡Ì Á‡ ‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÂÚÓ ÏÂÊ‰Û ‚˙Ì¯ÌËÚÂ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌËˇ
Ì‡ ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË Ì‡ Õ–¡ Ë ÓÏËÚÂÚ‡ Ì‡
‰˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ Ì‡ ———– Á‡ ÔÂËÓ‰‡ 1986-1990 „.,
19 Ï‡Ú 1986 „.
(Ù. Õ–—, Ô. Ù. 9, ÓÔ. 4‡, ‡.Â. 40, Î. 1-19)
47. ŒÒÌÓ‚ÌË Ì‡ÒÓÍË Ì‡ ‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÂ ÏÂÊ‰Û ¬√” Ì‡ Õ–¡
Ë ¬√” √¡ Ì‡ ———– Á‡ ÔÂËÓ‰‡ 1987-1991 „., 14 ‡ÔËÎ 1987 „.
(Ù. Ã¬–, Ô. Ù. 1, ÓÔ. 13, ‡.Â. 77, Î. 1-5)
48. —ÔÓ‡ÁÛÏÂÌËÂ Á‡ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó ÏÂÊ‰Û ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ
‡·ÓÚË Ì‡ Õ‡Ó‰Ì‡ ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ Ë ÓÏËÚÂÚ‡ Á‡ ‰˙Ê‡‚Ì‡
ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ Ì‡ —˙˛Á‡ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍËÚÂ ÒÓˆË‡ÎËÒÚË˜ÂÒÍË ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍË,
ÃÓÒÍ‚‡, 6 ‰ÂÍÂÏ‚Ë 1988 „.
(Ù. Ã¬–, Ô. Ù. 1, ÓÔ. 13, ‡.Â. 84, Î. 1-10)
49. ¡ÂÒÂ‰‡ Ì‡ „ÂÌÂ‡Î-Ï‡ÈÓ ÿÂ·‡¯ËÌ, À. ¬. ≠ Á‡Ï.-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ
Ì‡ √¡ Ì‡ ———– Ë Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ œ√” ≠ √¡ ÔÂ‰ ‡ÍÚË‚‡ Ì‡ œ√” ≠ Ã¬–,
—ÓÙËˇ, 23 ˛ÌË 1989 „.
(Ù. Õ–—, Ô. Ù. 9, ÓÔ. 4‡, ‡.Â. 69‡, Î. 158-178)
50. »ÌÒÚÛÍˆËˇ Á‡ ‰ÂÈÌÓÒÚÚ‡ Ì‡ Ó„‡ÌËÚÂ Ì‡ ‰˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ
ÔÓ ÎËÌËˇ Ì‡ ÒËÒÚÂÏ‡Ú‡ Á‡ Ó·Â‰ËÌÂÌ ÓÚ˜ÂÚ Ì‡ ‰‡ÌÌËÚÂ
Á‡ ÔÓÚË‚ÌËÍ‡ ≠ —Œ”ƒ, —ÓÙËˇ, 1989 „.
(Ù. Ã¬–, Ô. Ù. 8, ÓÔ. 13‡, ‡.Â. 8, Î. 76-98)
51. ƒÓÍÎ‡‰Ì‡ Á‡ÔËÒÍ‡ ‰Ó ‰ËÂÍÚÓ‡ Ì‡ Õ‡ˆËÓÌ‡ÎÌ‡Ú‡ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡
ÒÎÛÊ·‡ ÓÚÌÓÒÌÓ ÔÓÒÂ˘ÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ‰ÂÎÂ„‡ˆËˇ Ì‡ Õ–— ‚ ÃÓÒÍ‚‡,
25 ÒÂÔÚÂÏ‚Ë 1990 „.
(Ù. Õ–—, Ô. Ù. 9, ÓÔ. 4‡, ‡.Â. 479, ÚÓÏ I, Î. 12-16)
52. œËÒÏÓ ÓÚ . —‡Ï‡Ì‰ÊËÂ‚, Ô˙‚Ë Á‡Ï.-ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË
‰Ó Á‡Ï.-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎˇ Ì‡ √¡ Ë Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ œ√” ÿÂ·‡¯ËÌ, À. ¬., 27
ÓÚÌÓÒÌÓ ÔÂÍ‡Úˇ‚‡ÌÂ Û˜‡ÒÚËÂÚÓ Ì‡ Ã¬– ‚ —Œ”ƒ,
5 ÙÂ‚Û‡Ë 1991 „.
(Ù. Ã¬–, Ô. Ù. 8, ÓÔ. 13‡, ‡.Â. 50, Î. 31-32)
53. ƒÓÍÎ‡‰Ì‡ Á‡ÔËÒÍ‡ ÓÚ „ÂÌÂ‡Î-Ï‡ÈÓ –. “Ó¯ÍÓ‚, ‰ËÂÍÚÓ
Ì‡ Õ‡ˆËÓÌ‡ÎÌ‡Ú‡ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡ ÒÎÛÊ·‡ ÓÚÌÓÒÌÓ ÔÓ‚Â‰ÂÌ‡ ÒÂ˘‡
Ò ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ËÚÂÎË Ì‡ √¡-———–, 22 Ï‡Ú 1991 „.
(Ù. Õ–—, Ô. Ù. 9, ÓÔ. 4‡, ‡.Â. 69‡, Î. 99-102)
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ÒÅÐÌÈÍÈ È ÑÚÊÐÀÙÅÍÈß
¿¡Õ ÷ÂÌÚ˙ Á‡ Ë‰ÂÓÎÓ„Ë˜ÂÒÍ‡ ‰Ë‚ÂÒËˇ 25, 32*

¿…–≈ — —˙‚ÂÚ Á‡ ÏÂÊ‰ÛÌ‡Ó‰ÂÌ Ì‡Û˜ÌÓ-
ËÁÒÎÂ‰Ó‚‡ÚÂÎÒÍË Ó·ÏÂÌ 43
¿ÌÚË·ÓÎ¯Â‚Ë¯ÍË ·ÎÓÍ ¿ÌÚËÒ˙‚ÂÚÒÍ‡ ÂÏË„‡ÌÚÒÍ‡ Ó„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËˇ,
Ì‡ Ì‡Ó‰ËÚÂ (¿¡Õ) Ò˙Á‰‡‰ÂÌ‡ ‚ Í‡ˇ Ì‡ ¬ÚÓ‡Ú‡ Ò‚ÂÚÓ‚Ì‡ ‚ÓÈÌ‡
Í‡ÚÓ Ó·Â‰ËÌÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ÂÏË„‡ÌÚË ÓÚ Á‡Ô‡‰ÌËÚÂ
ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍË Ì‡ ———–, Ò ‰ÓÏËÌË‡˘‡ ÓÎˇ
Ì‡ ÛÍ‡ËÌÒÍËÚÂ Ì‡ˆËÓÌ‡ÎËÒÚË 25, 27, 32
¿–≈ ¿‡·ÒÍ‡ ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡ ≈„ËÔÂÚ 32
¡‡„‰‡‰ÒÍË Ô‡ÍÚ (—≈Õ“Œ) Œ„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËˇ Ì‡ ˆÂÌÚ‡ÎÌËˇ ‰Ó„Ó‚Ó (1955-1979) ≠
·Ë‚¯‡ ‚ÓÂÌÌÓÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍ‡ „ÛÔËÓ‚Í‡ ‚ ¡ÎËÁÍËˇ
Ë —Â‰ÂÌ »ÁÚÓÍ, Ò˙Á‰‡‰ÂÌ‡ ÔÓ ËÌËˆË‡ÚË‚‡ Ì‡
¬ÂÎËÍÓ·ËÚ‡ÌËˇ Ë —¿Ÿ ÔÂÁ 1955 „., Ò
452 Û˜‡ÒÚÌËˆË: ¬ÂÎËÍÓ·ËÚ‡ÌËˇ, œ‡ÍËÒÚ‡Ì, »‡Ì
Ë “ÛˆËˇ. —¿Ÿ ÌÂ ÒÂ ˇ‚ˇ‚‡Ú ÙÓÏ‡ÎÌÓ ˜ÎÂÌ Ì‡
—≈Õ“Œ, ÌÓ ÓÚ 1957 „. ‚ÎËÁ‡Ú ‚ ÌÂÈÌËÚÂ
ÓÒÌÓ‚ÌË ÍÓÏËÚÂÚË 8, 9, 25, 32
ì¡Ë-¡Ë-—Ëî ì¬‡ÊÂÒÍ‡î ‡‰ËÓÒÚ‡ÌˆËˇ 5
¡Õƒ Õ‡ˆËÓÌ‡ÎÌ‡ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡ ÒÎÛÊ·‡ Ì‡ ‘–√ 47, 49
¬√” ¬ÚÓÓ „Î‡‚ÌÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ƒ— 31
¬Õ ¬˙Ì¯ÌÓ Ì‡·Î˛‰ÂÌËÂ 30
¬Õ»÷» ÷ÂÌÚ˙ Á‡ ËÁ‰‡‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËÓÌÌË
Ò·ÓÌËˆË Á‡ Ì‡Û˜ÌÓ-ÚÂıÌË˜ÂÒÍËÚÂ Û˜ÂÊ‰ÂÌËˇ
Ë ÙËÏË ‚ Í‡ÔËÚ‡ÎËÒÚË˜ÂÒÍËÚÂ ÒÚ‡ÌË 25
¬–flÕ ¬ÌÂÁ‡ÔÌÓ ‡ÍÂÚÌÓ-ˇ‰ÂÌÓ Ì‡Ô‡‰ÂÌËÂ, ÓÚ‰ÂÎ
Í˙Ï ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ ì–. ».î ÓÚ 1984 45
ì√Î‡Ò˙Ú Ì‡ ¿ÏÂËÍ‡î ì¬‡ÊÂÒÍ‡î ‡‰ËÓÒÚ‡ÌˆËˇ 5, 32
ì√ÓˇÌËÌî –‡‰ËÓÔÓ„‡Ï‡ Ò ÔÂ‰Ì‡ÁÌ‡˜ÂÌËÂ Á‡ ËÁÎ˙˜‚‡ÌÂ
Ì‡ ‡ÌÚËÍÓÏÛÌËÒÚË˜ÂÒÍË ÔÂ‰‡‚‡ÌËˇ, Ó·ˇ‚ÂÌ‡
Á‡ ‚‡ÊÂÒÍ‡ 5
ƒ¿ÿÕ¿√ ¿ÏÂÌÒÍ‡ Ì‡ˆËÓÌ‡ÎËÒÚË˜ÂÒÍ‡ Ó„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËˇ
ìƒ‡¯Ì‡ÍˆÛÚ˛Ìî 8, 27
ƒÂÎÓÚÓ ì◊‡Í‡ÎËî ÃÂÓÔËˇÚËÂ Á‡ ‡ÁÍË‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ËÚ‡ÎË‡ÌÒÍ‡Ú‡
ÂÁË‰ÂÌÚÛ‡ ‚ —ÓÙËˇ 26
ƒΔ—≈ Õ‡ˆËÓÌ‡ÎÌ‡ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡ ÒÎÛÊ·‡
Ì‡ ‘‡ÌˆËˇ 47
ƒÛÊÂÒÚ‚Ó ì¿ÎÂÍÒ‡Ì‰˙ ’ÂˆÂÌî ÷ÂÌÚ˙ Á‡ Ë‰ÂÓÎÓ„Ë˜ÂÒÍ‡ ‰Ë‚ÂÒËˇ ÒÂ˘Û
ÒÓˆË‡ÎËÒÚË˜ÂÒÍËÚÂ ÒÚ‡ÌË 27
ƒÛÊÂÒÚ‚Ó Á‡ ËÁÛ˜‡‚‡ÌÂ ¿ÌÚËÒ˙‚ÂÚÒÍ‡ ÂÏË„‡ÌÚÒÍ‡ Ó„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËˇ 25, 32
ÔÓ·ÎÂÏËÚÂ Ì‡ ¿ÁËˇ
≈»Œ ≈‚ÓÔÂÈÒÍ‡ ËÍÓÌÓÏË˜ÂÒÍ‡ Ó·˘ÌÓÒÚ 46
≈—ƒ ≈‚ÓÔÂÈÒÍË Ò˙˛Á Ì‡ ÒÚÛ‰ÂÌÚËÚÂ ‰ÂÏÓÍ‡ÚË
(≈‚ÓÔÂÈÒÍË ÒÚÛ‰ÂÌÚË ‰ÂÏÓÍ‡ÚË) 43
* ”Í‡Á‚‡ ÔÓÂ‰ÌÓÒÚÚ‡ Ì‡ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚ‡, ‚ ÍÓÈÚÓ ÒÂ ÒÂ˘‡ ÚÂÏËÌ˙Ú

ËÎË Ò˙Í‡˘ÂÌËÂÚÓ.
«‡‰„‡ÌË˜ÌË ˜‡ÒÚË Ì‡ Œ”Õ ”Í‡ËÌÒÍ‡ ÂÏË„‡ÌÚÒÍ‡ Ó„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËˇ
ìŒ„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËˇ Ì‡ ÛÍ‡ËÌÒÍËÚÂ Ì‡ˆËÓÌ‡ÎËÒÚËî 25, 32
«ÂÎÂÌ ËÌÚÂÌ‡ˆËÓÌ‡Î ÃÂÊ‰ÛÌ‡Ó‰ÌÓ ‡„‡ÌÓ ·˛Ó 8
ÓÏËÚÂÚ Ì‡ ‡‰ËÓ ì—‚Ó·Ó‰‡î ŒÒÌÓ‚ÂÌ ÍÓÓ‰ËÌË‡˘ ˆÂÌÚ˙ Á‡ Ó„‡ÌËÁË‡ÌÂ
Ì‡ Ë‰ÂÓÎÓ„Ë˜ÂÒÍ‡Ú‡ ‰Ë‚ÂÒËˇ ÔÓÚË‚ 25, 27,
ÒÓˆË‡ÎËÒÚË˜ÂÒÍËÚÂ ÒÚ‡ÌË 32, 41
–Œ ÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÂÌ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ Ì‡ ◊ (√œ”,
Œ√œ”, √”√¡) 16
ÀË„‡ Á‡ Á‡˘ËÚ‡ Ì‡ Â‚ÂËÚÂ —˙Á‰‡‰ÂÌ‡ ÔÂÁ 1968 „. ‚ Õ˛ …ÓÍ ÓÚ ‡‚ËÌ
ÃÂË ‡ı‡ÌÂ, Ò ˆÂÎ ÓÒË„Û‡‚‡ÌÂ ·ÂÁÓÔ‡ÒÌÓÒÚÚ‡
Ì‡ ‡ÏÂËÍ‡ÌÒÍËÚÂ Â‚ÂË; ÓÚ 1969 „. ÎË„‡Ú‡
Á‡ÔÓ˜‚‡ ÓÚÍËÚ‡ ·Ó·‡ Á‡ ÓÒ‚Ó·ÓÊ‰‡‚‡ÌÂ
Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍËÚÂ Â‚ÂË 25, 27
ÀËÌËˇ ìÕî ÕÂÎÂ„‡ÎÂÌ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÂÌ ‡Ô‡‡Ú ‚ ·Ë‚¯ËÚÂ 453
ÒÓˆË‡ÎËÒÚË˜ÂÒÍË ÒÚ‡ÌË 16, 25
ÀŒŒ ÀËˆ‡ ÓÚ ÓÒÓ·ÂÌÓ ÓÔ‡ÒÌËÚÂ Í‡ÚÂ„ÓËË (ÚÂÓËÒÚË,
‰Ë‚ÂÒ‡ÌÚË, ÎËˆ‡, ‚ÁÂÏ‡˘Ë Á‡ÎÓÊÌËˆË,
ÓÚ‚ÎË˜‡˘Ë ‚˙Á‰Û¯ÌË Ë ÏÓÒÍË Ò˙‰Ó‚Â, ÎËˆ‡,
ÓÒÓ·ÂÌÓ ÓÔ‡ÒÌË ‰˙Ê‡‚ÌË ÔÂÒÚ˙ÔÌËˆË),
Á‡ ÍÓËÚÓ ÔÓÒÚ˙Ô‚‡Ú ‰‡ÌÌË ‚ —Œ”ƒ 50
Ã¿œ–flÀ ÓÌ„ÂÒ Ì‡ ÛÒËÒÚËÚÂ 43
Ã»“ Õ‡ˆËÓÌ‡ÎÌ‡ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡ ÒÎÛÊ·‡
Ì‡ “ÛˆËˇ 47
Ã–/ ÃÂÓÔËˇÚËÂ Á‡ Ó·ÂÁÔÂ˜‡‚‡ÌÂ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚÚ‡
Ì‡ ÒÂÍÂÚÌË Ó·ËÒÍË, ËÁ‚˙¯‚‡ÌË ÓÚ ƒ— Ë √¡ 30
Ã—— ÃÂÊ‰ÛÌ‡Ó‰ÂÌ ÒÚÛ‰ÂÌÚÒÍË Ò˙˛Á 43
Õ“» Õ‡Û˜ÌÓ-ÚÂıÌË˜ÂÒÍ‡ ËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËˇ/Ë ≠ Á‡
ÒÎÛÊÂ·ÌÓ Ë ÒÂÍÂÚÌÓ ÔÓÎÁ‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ Ï‡ÚÂË‡ÎË
Á‡ ËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËÓÌÂÌ Ó·ÏÂÌ ÏÂÊ‰Û Ì‡Û˜ÌÓ-
ÚÂıÌË˜ÂÒÍËÚÂ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌËˇ Ì‡ √¡ Ë ƒ— 36
Õ“— Õ‡Ó‰ÌÓ-ÚÛ‰Ó‚ Ò˙˛Á (Œ„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËˇ
Ì‡ ÛÒÍËÚÂ ÂÏË„‡ÌÚË) 27
Œ·Â‰ËÌÂÌÓ ËÁ‡ÂÎÒÍÓ ‰ÛÊÂÒÚ‚Ó —Â‰‡ÎË˘Â ‚ ÿ‚ÂˆËˇ 27
Œ·˘ Ô‡Á‡ ≈‰ÌÓÓ‰ÌÓ Â‚ÓÔÂÈÒÍÓ ËÍÓÌÓÏË˜ÂÒÍÓ
ÔÓÒÚ‡ÌÒÚ‚Ó Ì‡ ÒÚ‡ÌËÚÂ-˜ÎÂÌÍË Ì‡
≈‚ÓÔÂÈÒÍËˇ Ò˙˛Á, ‚ ÍÓÂÚÓ ÒÂ ÓÒË„Ûˇ‚‡
Ò‚Ó·Ó‰ÌÓ ‰‚ËÊÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ÒÚÓÍË, ÎËˆ‡, ÛÒÎÛ„Ë
Ë Í‡ÔËÚ‡Î 31
ŒÕƒ ŒÔÂ‡ÚË‚ÌÓ-Ì‡·Î˛‰‡ÚÂÎÌÓ ‰ÂÎÓ 9
ŒÚÚÓ ¡ÂÌÂÍÂ ˘ËÙÚÛÌ„ ‘ÓÌ‰ ìŒÚÚÓ ¡ÂÌÂÍÂî, ÓÒÌÓ‚‡Ì Ì‡ ËÏÂÚÓ
Ì‡ Otto Beneshe (1869-1963) ÔÂÁ 1965 „. ÔÓ
ËÌËˆË‡ÚË‚‡ Ì‡ ÌÂÏÒÍË ÒÚÛ‰ÂÌÚÒÍË Ó„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËË,
ÒÂ‰‡ÎË˘Â ‚ ¡ÓÌ, Ò ÔÂ‰ÏÂÚ Ì‡ ‰ÂÈÌÓÒÚ: ÙËÌ‡ÌÒÓ‚‡
ÔÓ‰ÍÂÔ‡ Á‡ Û˜‡˘Ë ÒÂ ‚ „ÂÏ‡ÌÒÍË ‚ËÒ¯Ë
Û˜ËÎË˘‡ ÂÏË„‡ÌÚË, ·ÂÊ‡ÌˆË Ë ‰Û„Ë ÎËˆ‡,
ÔÓÎÛ˜ËÎË ÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍÓ Û·ÂÊË˘Â
‚ «‡Ô‡‰Ì‡ √ÂÏ‡ÌËˇ 43
œ≈Õ ÍÎÛ· ìœ≈Õî Â ‡·Â‚Ë‡ÚÛ‡Ú‡ Ì‡ ‡Ì„ÎËÈÒÍËÚÂ ‰ÛÏË
ìÔÓÂÚ, ÂÒÂËÒÚ, ÌÓ‚ÂÎËÒÚî, ‡ œ≈Õ ÍÎÛ· Â
ÏÂÊ‰ÛÌ‡Ó‰Ì‡ Ô‡‚ÓÁ‡˘ËÚÌ‡ Ó„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËˇ,
Ó·Â‰ËÌˇ‚‡˘‡ ÔÓÙÂÒËÓÌ‡ÎÌË ÔËÒ‡ÚÂÎË,
Â‰‡ÍÚÓË Ë ÔÂ‚Ó‰‡˜Ë, ‡·ÓÚÂ˘Ë ‚ ‡ÁÎË˜ÌË
Ê‡ÌÓ‚Ë Ì‡ ıÛ‰ÓÊÂÒÚ‚ÂÌ‡Ú‡ ÎËÚÂ‡ÚÛ‡,
Û˜Â‰ÂÌ‡ ÔÂÁ 1921 „. ‚ ÀÓÌ‰ÓÌ 27
œÃ’ œ‡ÊÍ‡ ÏËÌ‡ ıËÒÚËˇÌÒÍ‡ ÍÓÌÙÂÂÌˆËˇ 11, 27
–‡‰ËÓ ì—‚Ó·Ó‰Ì‡ ≈‚ÓÔ‡î –‡‰ËÓÒÚ‡ÌˆËˇ, Ò˙Á‰‡‰ÂÌ‡ ÒÎÂ‰ ”Ì„‡ÒÍËÚÂ
Ò˙·ËÚËˇ (1956) Ò ÔÓÔ‡„‡Ì‰Ì‡ ˆÂÎ ‚ ‡ÏÍËÚÂ
Ì‡ ÓÙËˆË‡ÎÌ‡Ú‡ ‡ÏÂËÍ‡ÌÒÍ‡ ‰ÓÍÚËÌ‡ Á‡
ìÓÒ‚Ó·ÓÊ‰ÂÌËÂî Ì‡ ËÁÚÓ˜ÌÓÂ‚ÓÔÂÈÒÍËÚÂ 11, 25, 27,
ÒÚ‡ÌË ÓÚ ÍÓÏÛÌËÁÏ‡ 32, 41
454 —¿ À ÷ÂÌÚ˙ Á‡ Ë‰ÂÓÎÓ„Ë˜ÂÒÍ‡ ‰Ë‚ÂÒËˇ 25, 32
—‚ÂÚÓ‚Ì‡ ˆËÓÌËÒÚÍ‡ Ó„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËˇ ÷ÂÌÚ˙ ‚ …ÂÛÒ‡ÎËÏ 27
—≈¿“Œ Œ„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËˇ Ì‡ ‰Ó„Ó‚Ó‡ ÓÚ fi„ÓËÁÚÓ˜Ì‡ ¿ÁËˇ;
ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚Îˇ‚‡ ‚ÓÂÌÌÓÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍ‡ „ÛÔËÓ‚Í‡,
Ò˙Á‰‡‰ÂÌ‡ ÔÓ ËÌËˆË‡ÚË‚‡ Ì‡ —¿Ÿ ÔÂÁ
ÒÂÔÚÂÏ‚Ë 1954 „. ‚ Ã‡ÌËÎ‡, Ò Û˜‡ÒÚËÂÚÓ Ì‡
—¿Ÿ, ¬ÂÎËÍÓ·ËÚ‡ÌËˇ, ‘‡ÌˆËˇ, ¿‚ÒÚ‡ÎËˇ,
ÕÓ‚‡ «ÂÎ‡Ì‰Ëˇ, œ‡ÍËÒÚ‡Ì, “‡ÈÎ‡Ì‰
Ë ‘ËÎËÔËÌËÚÂ; ‰Ó„Ó‚Ó˙Ú Â ‚ ÒËÎ‡
ÓÚ 19 ÙÂ‚Û‡Ë 1955 „. Ë Â ËÁ‚ÂÒÚÂÌ
Í‡ÚÓ Ã‡ÌËÎÒÍË Ô‡ÍÚ 14
—≈Õ“Œ ¬Ê. ¡‡„‰‡‰ÒÍË Ô‡ÍÚ 11, 14,
25, 32
—»¬ —˙‚ÂÚ Á‡ ËÍÓÌÓÏË˜ÂÒÍ‡ ‚Á‡ËÏÓÔÓÏÓ˘ Ì‡
‰˙Ê‡‚ËÚÂ ÓÚ Ú.Ì‡. ÒÓˆË‡ÎËÒÚË˜ÂÒÍË ·ÎÓÍ
(1949-1991) ≠ ËÍÓÌÓÏË˜ÂÒÍ‡ Ó„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËˇ Ì‡
·Ë‚¯ËÚÂ ÒÓˆË‡ÎËÒÚË˜ÂÒÍË ‰˙Ê‡‚Ë, ËÁ„‡‰ÂÌ‡
Ì‡ „ÂÓ„‡ÙÒÍË Ë Ë‰ÂÓÎÓ„Ë˜ÂÒÍË ÔËÌˆËÔ 14, 46
—Ë‚ËÚÂ ‚˙ÎˆË Õ‡ˆËÓÌ‡ÎËÒÚË˜ÂÒÍ‡ ÚÂÓËÒÚË˜Ì‡
Ó„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËˇ ‚ “ÛˆËˇ 47
ì—Ë„Ì‡Îî »ÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËÓÌÂÌ ·˛ÎÂÚËÌ ÔÓ ÎËÌËˇ
Ì‡ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂÚÓ 25
—»— Õ‡ˆËÓÌ‡ÎÌ‡ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡ ÒÎÛÊ·‡
Ì‡ ¬ÂÎËÍÓ·ËÚ‡ÌËˇ 47
—ÎÛÊ·‡ ì7î/ —ÎÛÊ·‡/ ŒÚ‰ÂÎ ìƒî —ÎÛÊ·Ë, ÍÓËÚÓ Ò˙Á‰‡‚‡Ú ‡„ÂÌÚÛ‡ Á‡‰ „‡ÌËˆ‡,
„ÓÚÓ‚‡ ‰‡ ËÁ‚˙¯‚‡ ÚÂÓËÒÚË˜ÌË
Ë Ì‡Í‡Á‡ÚÂÎÌË ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚Ëˇ Ë ÏÂÓÔËˇÚËˇ 16
—ÎÛÊ·‡ ìœ‡ÌÂ„‡î —ÎÛÊ·‡ Á‡ ÔÓ‚ÂÍ‡ Ì‡ ÎË˜Ì‡Ú‡
ÍÓÂÒÔÓÌ‰ÂÌˆËˇ 5
—ÎÛ˜‡ˇ œÓÔÂÎÛ¯ÍÓ ÃÂÓÔËˇÚËÂ Ì‡ ÔÓÎÒÍËÚÂ ÒÎÛÊ·Ë Á‡
ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ, ÍÓËÚÓ ÓÚ‚ÎË˜‡Ú Ë Û·Ë‚‡Ú
ÓÚÂˆ …ÂÊË œÓÔÂÎÛ¯ÍÓ 44
—Œ”ƒ —ËÒÚÂÏ‡ Á‡ Ó·Â‰ËÌÂÌ ÓÚ˜ÂÚ Ì‡ ‰‡ÌÌËÚÂ
Á‡ ÔÓÚË‚ÌËÍ‡, Ò˙Á‰‡‰ÂÌ‡ ÔÂÁ 1977 „. Á‡
Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌË˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó, ‚Á‡ËÏÓ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÂ Ë
ÍÓÓ‰ËÌ‡ˆËˇ ÏÂÊ‰Û ÒÎÛÊ·ËÚÂ Á‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ
‚ ÒÓˆË‡ÎËÒÚË˜ÂÒÍËÚÂ ÒÚ‡ÌË (Õ– ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ,
√ÂÏ‡ÌÒÍ‡ ƒ–, ”Ì„‡ÒÍ‡ Õ–, –ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡ Û·‡,
ÃÓÌ„ÓÎÒÍ‡ Õ–, œÓÎÒÍ‡ Õ–, ◊——–, ———– 40, 46, 48,
Ë —– ¬ËÂÚÌ‡Ï) 50, 52
—œ≈Õ —˙·‡ÌËÂ Ì‡ ÔÓÓ·ÂÌËÚÂ Â‚ÓÔÂÈÒÍË Ì‡Ó‰Ë 8, 11
—‘ƒÃ —‚ÂÚÓ‚Ì‡ ÙÂ‰Â‡ˆËˇ Ì‡ ‰ÂÏÓÍ‡ÚË˜Ì‡Ú‡
ÏÎ‡‰ÂÊ Ò˙Ò ÒÂ‰‡ÎË˘Â Ì‡ »ÁÔ˙ÎÌËÚÂÎÌËˇ
ÍÓÏËÚÂÚ ‚ œ‡ËÊ 43
“¬Œ “Û‰Ó‚Ó-‚˙ÁÔËÚ‡ÚÂÎÌÓ Ó·˘ÂÊËÚËÂ ≠ Î‡„ÂË,
Ò˙Á‰‡‰ÂÌË ‚ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ ÔÂÁ ˇÌÛ‡Ë 1945 „.
Ò ÛÍ‡Á Ì‡ Ô‡‚ËÚÂÎÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ, ‚ ÍÓËÚÓ ƒ— Ì‡ÒÚ‡Ìˇ‚‡
ÔËÌÛ‰ËÚÂÎÌÓ ìÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍË ÓÔ‡ÒÌË ÎËˆ‡î;
ÓÚ Ï‡È 1962 „. ‰ÂÈÌÓÒÚÚ‡ Ì‡ “¬Œ Â 455
ÔÂÛÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ÂÌ‡ Ò Â¯ÂÌËÂ Ì‡ œÓÎËÚ·˛Ó
Ì‡ ÷ Ì‡ ¡ œ 5, 9
”Ô‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ ì»î ”Ô‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ, ‚ ÍÓÂÚÓ ÒÂ ‡Á‡·ÓÚ‚‡Ú
‡‚ÚÓÏ‡ÚË˜ÌË ËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËÓÌÌË ÒËÒÚÂÏË 31
”Ô‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ ì–. ».î ”Ô‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ ì–‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡ ËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËˇî
‚ œ√” ÓÚ 1984 „. 45
‘Â‰Â‡ÎÂÌ Í˙„ Ì‡ ÏÎ‡‰ÂÊÚ‡ ÃÎ‡‰ÂÊÍË ˆÂÌÚ˙ ‚˙‚ ‘–√, ËÁÔÓÎÁ‚‡Ì ÓÚ
Á‡Ô‡‰ÌËÚÂ ÒÔÂˆÒÎÛÊ·Ë Á‡ Ó·‡·ÓÚÍ‡ Ì‡
Ó·Û˜‡‚‡˘ËÚÂ ÒÂ ‚ ÒÓˆË‡ÎËÒÚË˜ÂÒÍËÚÂ ÒÚ‡ÌË
ÒÚÛ‰ÂÌÚË ÓÚ ‡Á‚Ë‚‡˘ËÚÂ ÒÂ ‡ÙËÍ‡ÌÒÍË,
‡ÁË‡ÚÒÍË Ë Î‡ÚËÌÓ‡ÏÂËÍ‡ÌÒÍË ‰˙Ê‡‚Ë 27
÷ÂÌÚ˙ Á‡ Â‚ÂÈÒÍ‡ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚ‡ˆËˇ ÷ÂÌÚ˙ Á‡ Ë‰ÂÓÎÓ„Ë˜ÂÒÍ‡ ‰Ë‚ÂÒËˇ ÒÂ˘Û
ÒÓˆË‡ÎËÒÚË˜ÂÒÍËÚÂ ÒÚ‡ÌË, ÒÂ‰‡ÎË˘Â
‚˙‚ ¬ËÂÌ‡ 27
÷–” ÷ÂÌÚ‡ÎÌÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ
Ì‡ —¿Ÿ 47, 49
FEAMF ‘Â‰Â‡ˆËˇ Ì‡ ÒÚÛ‰ÂÌÚËÚÂ ÓÚ ˜ÂÌ‡ ¿ÙËÍ‡ ≠
ÒÂ‰‡ÎË˘Â ‚ œ‡ËÊ, Ò ÔÓÍËÚ‡ÈÒÍ‡ Ì‡ÒÓ˜ÂÌÓÒÚ 43
GUAFS √ÂÌÂ‡ÎÌ‡ Ó„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËˇ Ì‡ ‡Ù„‡ÌËÒÚ‡ÌÒÍËÚÂ
ÒÚÛ‰ÂÌÚË ‚ ≈‚ÓÔ‡ ≠ ÒÂ‰‡ÎË˘Â ‚˙‚ ‘–√ 43
ÈÌÅÍÅÍ ÏÎÊÀÇÀËÅÖ
¿·‡ÏÓ‚, »‚‡Ì œ‡‚ÎÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ V ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ √¡ (1983-1989) 42*

¿„‰Ê‡, ÃÂıÏÂ‰ ¿ÎË ≠ ÚÛÒÍË ÚÂÓËÒÚ, ˜ÎÂÌ Ì‡ ÚÂÓËÒÚË˜Ì‡Ú‡ Ó„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËˇ
ì—Ë‚ËÚÂ ‚˙ÎˆËî, Á‡ÎÓ‚ÂÌ Ì‡ ÏÂÒÚÓÔÂÒÚ˙ÔÎÂÌËÂÚÓ Ë ÓÒ˙‰ÂÌ Ì‡ ‰ÓÊË‚ÓÚÂÌ
Á‡Ú‚Ó ÔÓ ‰ÂÎÓÚÓ Á‡ ‡ÚÂÌÚ‡Ú‡ ÒÂ˘Û Ô‡Ô‡ …Ó‡Ì œ‡‚ÂÎ II ÔÂÁ Ï‡È 1981 „.
Ì‡ ÔÎÓ˘‡‰ ì—‚. œÂÚ˙î, ¬‡ÚËÍ‡Ì‡ 44
¿ÎÂÍÒ‡Ì‰Ó‚, À. ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ Ì‡ ÷ÂÌÚ‡ÎÌÓÚÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ‚˙Ì¯ÌÓ-
ÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍÓÚÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ———–, ·Ë‚¯ II-Ë ÎÂ„‡ˆËÓÌÂÌ ÒÂÍÂÚ‡
ÔË Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍÓÚÓ ÔÓÒÓÎÒÚ‚Ó ‚ —ÓÙËˇ, ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ 1
¿ÎÂÍÒ‡Ì‰Ó‚, ÕËÍÓÎ‡È ƒÏËÚËÂ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–,
Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ ÔÓ ‡‰ËÓÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡Ú‡ ÒÎÛÊ·‡, ¯ÂÒÚË ÓÚ‰ÂÎ ‚ Ã¬–
Ì‡ Õ–¡, ÔÓ‰ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, 1953 „. 4
¿ÎÂÍÒÂÂ‚, Œ. ¬. ≠ ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ÂÌ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ ‚ ÓÔÂ‡ÚË‚ÌÓ-ÚÂıÌË˜ÂÒÍÓÚÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ
Ì‡ √¡, 1980 „. 39
¿ÏÂÎËÌ, »‚‡Ì “ËÏÓÙÂÂ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–,
456 Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ ÔÓ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‚ÓÈÒÍË, Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, ÔÓ‰ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, 1953 „. 4
¿Ì‡˜ÍÓ‚, √ÂÓ„Ë ≠ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ Ì‡ ƒ— (1944-1990), Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ Œ”
Ì‡ Ã¬–-’‡ÒÍÓ‚Ó, Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË 14, 15, 33,
Ë Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ¬√” ≠ ƒ—, „ÂÌÂ‡Î-ÎÂÈÚÂÌ‡ÌÚ 42, 47
¿Ì„ÂÎÓ‚, ÕËÍÓÎ‡ ≠ „Î‡‚ÂÌ ËÌÒÔÂÍÚÓ Ë Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ I (ÒÎÂ‰ÒÚ‚ÂÌ) Ì‡ ƒ—
(1951-1956), Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-Á‡‚ÂÊ‰‡˘ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ ì¿‰ÏËÌËÒÚ‡ÚË‚ÌË Ó„‡ÌËî ÔË
÷ Ì‡ ¡ œ, (1956-1966), Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË
Ë ‰ËÂÍÚÓ Ì‡ Õ‡Ó‰Ì‡Ú‡ ÏËÎËˆËˇ (1966-1969) 9
¿Ì‰ÂÂ‚ ≠ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ ‚ I ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ƒ—, 1959 „. 9
¿Ì‰ÓÔÓ‚, fiËÈ ¬Î‡‰ËÏËÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ô‡ÚËÂÌ Ë ‰˙Ê‡‚ÂÌ ‰ÂÂˆ Ì‡ ———–, 17, 21, 22,
ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ √¡ (1967-1982), „ÂÌÂ‡ÎÂÌ ÒÂÍÂÚ‡ Ì‡ ÷ Ì‡ œ—— 24, 32, 33,
(1982-1984), ‡ÏÂÈÒÍË „ÂÌÂ‡Î 35, 39, 41,
44, 51
¿ÌÚÓÌÓ‚, —Â„ÂÈ ≠ (1948-2007), ·˙Î„‡ËÌ, ‡ÂÒÚÛ‚‡Ì Ë Ò˙‰ÂÌ ‚˙‚ ‚˙ÁÍ‡ Ò
‡ÚÂÌÚ‡Ú‡ ÒÂ˘Û Ô‡Ô‡ …Ó‡Ì œ‡‚ÂÎ II (1981); ÔÓ ÚÓ‚‡ ‚ÂÏÂ —. ¿ÌÚÓÌÓ‚ Â
ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ ‚ ·˛ÓÚÓ Ì‡ ¡√¿ ì¡‡ÎÍ‡Ìî ‚ –ËÏ; ÒÎÂ‰ÒÚ‚ËÂÚÓ ÒÂ˘Û
—. ¿ÌÚÓÌÓ‚ ÒÂ ‚Ó‰Ë ÔÓ‚Â˜Â ÓÚ ‰‚Â „Ó‰ËÌË; ÔÓˆÂÒ˙Ú Ú‡Â ÓÚ Ï‡È 1985 „.
‰Ó Ï‡Ú 1986 „.; ¿ÌÚÓÌÓ‚ Â ÓÒ‚Ó·Ó‰ÂÌ Ë ÒÂ Á‡‚˙˘‡ ‚ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ
‚ Í‡ˇ Ì‡ 1986 „. 44, 45
¿‡Ù‡Ú, flÒÂ (1929-2004), ≠ ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ËÚÂÎ Ì‡ ŒŒœ (Œ„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËˇ Á‡ ÓÒ‚Ó·ÓÊ‰ÂÌËÂ
Ì‡ œ‡ÎÂÒÚËÌ‡) ÓÚ 1969 „., ÌÓÒËÚÂÎ Ì‡ ÕÓ·ÂÎÓ‚‡ Ì‡„‡‰‡ Á‡ ÏË (1994) 45
¿Ú‡Ì‡ÒÓ‚, ÓÒÚ‡‰ËÌ (ƒË˜Ó) ≠ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ Ë Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ œ√”-ƒ— (1964-1967),
ÔÓÒÎ‡ÌËÍ ‚ œ‡ËÊ, Á‡Ï.-Á‡‚ÂÊ‰‡˘ Ë Á‡‚ÂÊ‰‡˘ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ ì«‡‰„‡ÌË˜ÌË Í‡‰Ëî
Ì‡ ÷ Ì‡ ¡ œ, „ÂÌÂ‡Î-Ï‡ÈÓ 14, 15
¿Ú‡Ú˛Í, ÂÏ‡Î ÃÛÒÚ‡Ù‡ ≠ ÚÛÒÍË „ÂÌÂ‡Î Ë ÔÓÎËÚËÍ, Ô˙‚ËˇÚ ÔÂÁË‰ÂÌÚ
Ì‡ –ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡ “ÛˆËˇ (1923-1938) 45
¡‡Â‚, ƒËÏËÚËÈ Ã‡Ú‚ÂÂ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–, ÔÓÏÓ˘ÌËÍ
Ì‡ ÒÚ‡¯Ëˇ Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ Á‡ ¬‡˜‡ÌÒÍÓÚÓ Ë œÎÂ‚ÂÌÒÍÓÚÓ ÓÍ˙ÊÌË ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËˇ,
Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, 1953 „. 4
¡‡ÌÌËÍÓ‚, —Â„ÂÈ √Ë„ÓËÂ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–,
Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ ÒÚ‡¯Ë Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ ‚ Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡ (1951-1954) Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ¬√”
Ë Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ √¡ (1963-1967) 4
¡‡‡Í, –Û‰ÓÎÙ ≠ ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË Ì‡ ◊ÂıÓÒÎÓ‚‡ÍËˇ, 1955 „. 6
.................. ≠
* ”Í‡Á‚‡ ÔÓÂ‰ÌÓÒÚÚ‡ Ì‡ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚ‡, ‚ ÍÓÈÚÓ ÒÂ ÒÂ˘‡ Ò˙ÓÚ‚ÂÚÌÓÚÓ ËÏÂ.

¡ÂÌÂ‚, “Ó‰Ó ≠ Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ „‡‰ÒÍÓÚÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ Ã¬– ≠ ¬‡Ì‡,
ÔÓ‰ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, 1959 „. 7
¡ÂÌÍÂË, ¿Ì‰‡¯ ≠ ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË Ì‡ ”Ì„‡ÒÍ‡Ú‡
Ì‡Ó‰Ì‡ ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡, 1977 „. 35
¡ÊÂÊËÌÒÍË, «·Ë„ÌÂ‚ ≠ ‡ÏÂËÍ‡ÌÒÍË ÔÓÎËÚÓÎÓ„ Ë ‰˙Ê‡‚ÂÌ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ
ÓÚ ÔÓÎÒÍË ÔÓËÁıÓ‰, Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ ÔÓ Ì‡ˆËÓÌ‡ÎÌ‡Ú‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ Ì‡ ÔÂÁË‰ÂÌÚ‡
Ì‡ —¿Ÿ (1977-1981), ÍÓÌÒÛÎÚ‡ÌÚ Í˙Ï ÷ÂÌÚ˙‡ Á‡ ÒÚ‡ÚÂ„Ë˜ÂÒÍË Ë
ÏÂÊ‰ÛÌ‡Ó‰ÌË ËÁÒÎÂ‰‚‡ÌËˇ Ë ÔÓÙÂÒÓ ÔÓ ‚˙Ì¯Ì‡Ú‡ ÔÓÎËÚËÍ‡
Ì‡ —¿Ÿ ‚ ÛÌË‚ÂÒËÚÂÚ‡ ìƒÊÓÛÌÒ ’ÓÔÍËÌÒî, ¬‡¯ËÌ„ÚÓÌ 38
¡ÎÂı‡, ‡Î ≠ . 1933 „. ‚˙‚ ¬ËÂÌ‡, „ÂÌÂ‡ÎÂÌ ÒÂÍÂÚ‡ Ì‡ ¿‚ÒÚËÈÒÍ‡Ú‡
ÒÓˆË‡ÎËÒÚË˜ÂÒÍ‡ Ô‡ÚËˇ (1975-1981), ÓÚ 1981 „. Â Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ
Ì‡ ¿—œ, ˜ÎÂÌ Ì‡ ÔÂÁË‰ËÛÏ‡ Ì‡ ¿—œ, ‰˙Î„Ó„Ó‰Ë¯ÂÌ ÔÂÁË‰ÂÌÚ Ì‡
¿‚ÒÚËÈÒÍÓ-·˙Î„‡ÒÍÓÚÓ ‰ÛÊÂÒÚ‚Ó ‚˙‚ ¬ËÂÌ‡, ÓÚ 2002 „. Â ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ
Ì‡ ≈‚ÓÔÂÈÒÍ‡Ú‡ Ó„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËˇ Ì‡ ÔÂÌÒËÓÌÂËÚÂ 44
¡Ó·ÍÓ‚, ‘ËÎËÔ ƒÂÌËÒÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ Ì‡ √¡, Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ œÂÚÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ, 457
Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ II-Ó „Î‡‚ÌÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ √¡,
Ô˙‚Ë Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ √¡, ‡ÏÂÈÒÍË „ÂÌÂ‡Î 15, 27, 33
¡Ó‰Ó‚, ÃËı‡ËÎ ≠ ÔÓÒÎ‡ÌËÍ Ì‡ ———– ‚ Õ–¡ (1948-1953) 2, 3
¡ÓÂ‚, ’ËÒÚÓ ≠ ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÚÂÎ Ë ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ËÚÂÎ Ì‡ ‚˙Ì¯ÌÓÚÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ ≠
œ˙‚Ó ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ƒ—, ‰Ó 1954 „. Â Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡
‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË, ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ËÚÂÎ Ì‡ ‰ÂÎÂ„‡ˆËˇÚ‡, ÔÓÒÂÚËÎ‡ ÃÓÒÍ‚‡
Ì‡ 27.05.1950 „., „ÂÌÂ‡Î-Ï‡ÈÓ 1
¡ÓËÒÂÌÍÓ, ¬ËÍÚÓ ÃËı‡ÈÎÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–,
‡‰˛Ú‡ÌÚ Ì‡ ÒÚ‡¯Ëˇ Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ, Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, ÒÚ‡¯Ë ÎÂÈÚÂÌ‡ÌÚ, 1953 „. 4
¡ÓËÒÓ‚, √. ≠ ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ÂÌ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ ‚ ÓÔÂ‡ÚË‚ÌÓ-ÚÂıÌË˜ÂÒÍÓÚÓ
Ë Ì‡Û˜ÌÓ-ÚÂıÌË˜ÂÒÍÓÚÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ƒ—, 1980 „. 39
¡ÓÚÂ‚, ’ËÌÓ ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ ¿œ, ƒ—, ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, 1985 „. 45
¡Óˇ‰ÊËÂ‚, “Ó‰Ó ≠ Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ œ√” Ë Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ
Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ 06, ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, ÓÚ 1990 „. „ÂÌÂ‡Î-Ï‡ÈÓ 45
¡Û‰ËÌ, ¬Î‡‰ËÏË œ‡‚ÎÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ ‰˙Î„Ó„Ó‰Ë¯ÂÌ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍÓÚÓ
‚˙Ì¯ÌÓ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ, Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ ‚ √¡ ÔÓ ÎËÌËˇ Ì‡ ÌÂÎÂ„‡ÎÌÓÚÓ
‚˙Ì¯ÌÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ, ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ËÚÂÎ Ì‡ ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ËÚÂÎÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ √¡
‚ ◊ÂıÓÒÎÓ‚‡ÍËˇ (1982-1989) 17, 21, 33
¡Û¯, ƒÊÓ‰Ê ’˙·˙Ú ”ÓÍ˙ ≠ ÍÓÌ„ÂÒÏÂÌ ÓÚ “ÂÍÒ‡Ò (1967-1971),
ÔÓÒÎ‡ÌËÍ ‚ ŒŒÕ (1971-1973), ‰ËÂÍÚÓ Ì‡ ÷–” (1976-1977),
‚ËˆÂÔÂÁË‰ÂÌÚ Ì‡ —¿Ÿ (1981-1989), ÔÂÁË‰ÂÌÚ Ì‡ —¿Ÿ (1989-1993) 45
¬‡‚Ó‚, ƒËÏ˜Ó ≠ Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-‰ËÂÍÚÓ Ì‡ Õ–—, 1990 „., ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ 51
¬‡ÒËÎËÂ‚, ¬‡ÒËÎËÈ »‚‡ÌÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–,
Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ ‚ Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ,1953 „. 4
¬ÂÎË˜ÍÓ‚, ËËÎ ≠ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ Ì‡ ¬ – Ë ¬√”, Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ VII ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ
Ì‡ ƒ—, Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ¬√” Ë Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ËÍÓÌÓÏË˜ÂÒÍÓÚÓ
(˜ÂÚ‚˙ÚÓ) ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ƒ— (1986-1989) 42
¬Ë‰ˇÒÓ‚ ≠ ÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍË ‡Ì‡ÎËÁ‡ÚÓ, ÎÂÍÚÓ ÔÓ ‚˙ÔÓÒËÚÂ Ì‡ ÏÂÊ‰ÛÌ‡Ó‰ÌÓÚÓ
ÔÓÎÓÊÂÌËÂ ÔÂ‰ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎË Ì‡ √¡ Ë ƒ—, 1966 „. 16
¬ËÁÂÌÚ‡Î, —ËÏÓÌ ≠ ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÚÂÎ Ë ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ËÚÂÎ Ì‡ ≈‚ÓÔÂÈÒÍË ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚ‡ˆËÓÌÂÌ
ˆÂÌÚ˙ (1947), ÔÓÒ‚Â˘‡‚‡ ÊË‚ÓÚ‡ ÒË Ì‡ ·Ó·‡Ú‡ ÒÂ˘Û ‡ÌÚËÒÂÏËÚËÁÏ‡
Ë ÔÂ‰‡ÁÒ˙‰˙ˆËÚÂ ÏÂÊ‰Û ıÓ‡Ú‡, ËÁ‚ÂÒÚÂÌ Í‡ÚÓ ìÎÓ‚Âˆ˙Ú Ì‡ Ì‡ˆËÒÚËî,
ÍÓÈÚÓ ÌÂ Ú˙ÒË ÓÚÏ˙˘ÂÌËÂ Á‡ ’ÓÎÓÍÓÒÚ‡, ‡ ÒÔ‡‚Â‰ÎË‚ÓÒÚ Ë Ô‡‚ÓÒ˙‰ËÂ
Á‡ Ì‡ˆËÒÚÍËÚÂ ÔÂÒÚ˙ÔÌËˆË 27
¬Ë¯ËÌÒÍË, —ÚÂÙ‡Ì (1901-1981) ≠ Í‡‰ËÌ‡Î Ì‡ ÔÓÎÒÍ‡Ú‡ Í‡ÚÓÎË˜ÂÒÍ‡ ˆ˙Í‚‡,
ÔÂÒÎÂ‰‚‡Ì ÓÚ ÍÓÏÛÌËÒÚË˜ÂÒÍ‡Ú‡ ‚Î‡ÒÚ 44
¬ÓÎ‚Â·Â, ≈ÌÒÚ ≠ ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ƒ˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ Ì‡ √ƒ–, 1955 „. 6
¬ÓÎÍ- ‡‡˜Â‚ÒÍË ≠ ÙÂÌÒÍË „‡Ê‰‡ÌËÌ, ÒÔˇÏÓ ÍÓ„ÓÚÓ Ò‡ ËÁ‚˙¯‚‡ÌË
Ó·˘Ë ‡Á‡·ÓÚ‚‡˘Ë ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚Ëˇ ÓÚ ‰‚ÂÚÂ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌËˇ, 1972 „. 26
¬ÓÒÍÓ·ÓÈÌËÍÓ‚, ¡ÓËÒ ÕËÍÓÎ‡Â‚Ë˜ ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ 11, œ√”- √¡,
„ÂÌÂ‡Î-Ï‡ÈÓ, 1985 „. 45
¬Û˜Â‚, ƒËÏËÚ˙ ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ II ÓÚ‰ÂÎÂÌËÂ, Í‡ÔËÚ‡Ì, 1959 „. 7
√‡Ì˜Â‚, —ÚÂÙ‡Ì ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ IV, ÔÓ‰ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, 1959 „. 7
√Ó·‡˜Ó‚, ÃËı‡ËÎ —Â„ÂÂ‚Ë˜ ≠ „ÂÌÂ‡ÎÂÌ ÒÂÍÂÚ‡ Ì‡ ÷ Ì‡ œ—— (1985-1991),
ÔÂÁË‰ÂÌÚ Ì‡ ———– (1990-1991), ÌÓÒËÚÂÎ Ì‡ ÕÓ·ÂÎÓ‚‡ Ì‡„‡‰‡ Á‡ ÏË (1990) 45
√Ó˜Â‚, √ÓÒÔÓ‰ËÌ ≠ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ ‚ I ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ƒ—, Â‰ËÌ ÓÚ Û˜‡ÒÚÌËˆËÚÂ
ÓÚ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍ‡ ÒÚ‡Ì‡ ‚ ÏÌÓ„ÓÒÚ‡ÌÌÓÚÓ Ò˙‚Â˘‡ÌËÂ Ì‡ ÏËÌËÒÚËÚÂ
458 Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË Ë ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ËÚÂÎËÚÂ Ì‡ ÒÎÛÊ·ËÚÂ Á‡ ‰˙Ê‡‚Ì‡
ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ ‚ ÃÓÒÍ‚‡ ÔÂÁ 1955 „.; Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌÓÚÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ
(I ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ƒ—) ÔË Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡ (1952-1964), „ÂÌÂ‡Î-Ï‡ÈÓ 6, 9, 10, 11
√Ë·‡ÌÓ‚, ŒÎÂ„ ÃËı‡ÈÎÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ¬ÚÓÓ „Î‡‚ÌÓ
ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ √¡ (1956-1964) 11, 14
√Ë„ÓÂÌÍÓ, √Ë„ÓËÈ ‘¸Ó‰ÓÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ ‚˙‚ ‚ÓÂÌÌÓÚÓ ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ,
Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ ‚˙‚ ¬ÚÓÓ „Î‡‚ÌÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ √¡ (1956-1959),
˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ÂÌ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ ‚ œ˙‚Ó „Î‡‚ÌÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ √¡ (1959-1969), Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ
Ì‡ ¬√” Ì‡ √¡ (1970-1978), Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ √¡ (1978-1983),
Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ ‚ ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ Ó·˘ÓÚÓ Ï‡¯ËÌÓÒÚÓÂÌÂ, ÔÂÁË‰ÂÌÚ
Ì‡ ¿ÒÓˆË‡ˆËˇÚ‡ Ì‡ ‚ÂÚÂ‡ÌËÚÂ-ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡˜Ë, „ÂÌÂ‡Î-ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ 26, 33, 42
√Ë„ÓÓ‚, √Ë„Ó ≠ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ Ì‡ ‚ÓÂÌÌÓÚÓ ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ ÓÚ 1947 „.,
Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ¬√”, ƒ— (1966-1972), „ÂÌÂ‡Î-ÎÂÈÚÂÌ‡ÌÚ 17, 21, 26
√Ë„ÓÓ‚, –‡‰ÂÌÍÓ ≠ ÔÓ Ô˙ÎÌÓÏÓ˘ËÂ Ì‡ Ô‡‚ËÚÂÎÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ Õ–¡ ÔÓ‰ÔËÒ‚‡
—ÔÓ„Ó‰·‡Ú‡ Á‡ ÚÂÎÂ„‡ÙÌ‡Ú‡ Á‡ÒÂÍÂÚÂÌ‡ ‚˙ÁÍ‡ ÏÂÊ‰Û —ÓÙËˇ Ë ÃÓÒÍ‚‡,
30 Ï‡È 1969 „.; Í˙Ï ‰ÂÍÂÏ‚Ë 1973 „. Â Á‡‚. ÓÚ‰ÂÎ ì¬˙Ì¯Ì‡ ÔÓÎËÚËÍ‡
Ë ÏÂÊ‰ÛÌ‡Ó‰ÌË ‚˙ÁÍËî Ì‡ ÷ Ì‡ ¡ œ 20
√Û¯ÍÓ, ¬ËÍÚÓ ‘¸Ó‰ÓÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ô˙‚Ë Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ≠Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ œ√”, √¡, 1989 „. 49
ƒ‡ÏˇÌÓ‚, –‡ÈÍÓ ≠ ˜ÎÂÌ Ì‡ Ã—, ‡ÁÔËÒ‚‡ Á‡ ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ Ã— ÔÂÁ 1962 „. 13
ƒ‡ÌËÂÎ, fiÎËÈ Ã‡ÍÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ (1925-1988), ÛÒÍË ÔËÒ‡ÚÂÎ Ë ÔÂ‚Ó‰‡˜ (ÎËÚ. ÔÒÂ‚‰.
ÕËÍÓÎ‡È ¿Ê‡Í), ‰ËÒË‰ÂÌÚ; ÔÂÁ 1965-1966 „. √¡ Ó„‡ÌËÁË‡ ¯ÛÏÂÌ
ÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍË ÔÓˆÂÒ ÒÂ˘Û ÌÂ„Ó Ë ¿Ì‰ÂÈ —ËÌˇ‚ÒÍË 16
ƒ‡ÌÓ‚, ’ËÒÚÓ ≠ ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË Ì‡ –ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ, 1991 „. 53
ƒÂ„ÚˇÂ‚, ÕËÍÓÎ‡È ÓÌÒÚ‡ÌÚËÌÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–,
Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ ‚ Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, 1953 „. 4
ƒÂÊË‰, ¡. ≠ ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ Ó·˘ÂÒÚ‚ÂÌ‡Ú‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ Ì‡ ÃÓÌ„ÓÎÒÍ‡Ú‡ Ì‡Ó‰Ì‡
ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡, 1977 „. 35
ƒÂÎ ¬‡ÎÂ, —ÂıËÓ ≠ ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË
Ì‡ –ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡ Û·‡, 1977 „. 35
ƒÂÏËÌ, ¬. œ. ≠ ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ÂÌ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ ‚ ÓÔÂ‡ÚË‚ÌÓ-ÚÂıÌË˜ÂÒÍÓÚÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ
Ì‡ √¡, 1980 „. 39
ƒÂÛÎÒÍËÈ, ¿ÎÂÍÒ‡Ì‰˙ —ËÏÂÓÌÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–,
ÔÓÏÓ˘ÌËÍ Ì‡ ÒÚ‡¯Ëˇ Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ Á‡ —Ú‡ÎËÌÒÍÓÚÓ (¬‡ÌÂÌÒÍÓÚÓ)
Ë ÓÎ‡Ó‚„‡‰ÒÍÓÚÓ (ÿÛÏÂÌÒÍÓÚÓ) ÓÍ˙ÊÌË ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËˇ,
Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ,1953 „. 4
ƒÊÂÍÒ˙Ì, ’ÂÌË ≠ ÒÂÌ‡ÚÓ, ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰Ë „ÛÔ‡Ú‡ Ì‡ ÍÓÌÒÂ‚‡ÚË‚ÌËÚÂ ‰ÂÏÓÍ‡ÚË,
ÍÓËÚÓ ÔÂÁ 70-ÚÂ „Ó‰ËÌË ‚Ó‰ˇÚ ·Ó·‡ ÒÂ˘Û ì„ÓÎˇÏÓÚÓ ÁÎÓî ≠ ÍÓÏÛÌËÁÏ‡;
ÍÓÌ„ÂÒÏÂÌ˙Ú Â ËÁ‚ÂÒÚÂÌ Ë Ò Ú.Ì‡. ÔÓÔ‡‚Í‡ ìƒÊÂÍÒ˙Ì-¬ÂÌËÍî, ‚ÌÂÒÂÌ‡
ÔÂÁ 1974 „., ‚ ÒËÎ‡ ÓÚ 1975 „. Ë ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚Îˇ‚‡˘‡ ˛Ë‰Ë˜ÂÒÍÓ ÔÓÎÓÊÂÌËÂ
‚ «‡ÍÓÌ‡ Á‡ Ú˙„Ó‚ËˇÚ‡ Ì‡ —¿Ÿ Ò ˆÂÎ ÔÓÒÚË„‡ÌÂ Ì‡ Ó„‡ÌË˜ÂÌËˇ ‚˙ıÛ
Ú˙„Ó‚ËˇÚ‡ Ò˙Ò ÒÓˆË‡ÎËÒÚË˜ÂÒÍËÚÂ ÒÚ‡ÌË; ÙÓÏ‡ÎÌÓ Ú‡ÁË ÌÓÏ‡
‚˙‚ÂÊ‰‡ Ë Ó„‡ÌË˜ÂÌËˇ Ì‡ Ô‡‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ ÂÏË„‡ˆËˇ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍË
„‡Ê‰‡ÌË, ÌÓ ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚‡ Ë ÒÔˇÏÓ ‰Û„Ë ‰˙Ê‡‚Ë Í‡ÚÓ ËÚ‡È,
¬ËÂÚÌ‡Ï, ¿Î·‡ÌËˇ Ë ‰. 38
ƒÊÓÌÒ˙Ì, ÀËÌ‰˙Ì ¡ÂÈÌÁ ≠ ÔÂÁË‰ÂÌÚ Ì‡ —¿Ÿ (1963-1969) ÎË‰Â
Ì‡ ƒÂÏÓÍ‡ÚË˜ÂÒÍ‡Ú‡ Ô‡ÚËˇ 16
ƒËÍÓ‚, ƒËÍÓ ≠ ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË (1962-1968), „ÂÌÂ‡Î-ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ 12, 14
ƒÓ·Â‚, ƒÓ·Ë ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎÂÌËÂ ÔË ÓÚ‰ÂÎ III ƒƒ— 1
ƒÓ„‡ÚÍËÌ, ¬. ≈. ≠ ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ÂÌ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ ‚ ÓÔÂ‡ÚË‚ÌÓ-ÚÂıÌË˜ÂÒÍÓÚÓ
ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ √¡, 1980 „. 39 459
ƒÓÊ‰‡Î¸Ó‚, ¬. ¿. ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ ÔË œ˙‚Ó „Î‡‚ÌÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ
Ì‡ √¡, 1965 „. 15
ƒ‡„Ë˜, ¿ÎÂÍÒ‡Ì‰˙ ≠ ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË Ì‡ –ÛÏ˙ÌËˇ, 1955 „. 6
ƒÓ·ËÎÍÓ, ÕËÍÓÎ‡È »‚‡ÌÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–,
ÔÓÏÓ˘ÌËÍ Ì‡ ÒÚ‡¯Ëˇ Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ Á‡ ¡Û„‡ÒÍÓÚÓ ÓÍ˙ÊÌÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ,
Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, ÔÓ‰ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, 1953 „. 4
ƒÛÏÍÓ‚, ¡Ó„‰‡Ì ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ II ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ III Ì‡ ƒ— (1950-1963),
Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ”Ô‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ II (1963-1965) 9, 11
ƒÛÌÓ‚, ƒÏËÚËÈ »ÎË˜ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–, ÔÓÏÓ˘ÌËÍ
Ì‡ ÒÚ‡¯Ëˇ Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ Á‡ ¡Î‡„ÓÂ‚„‡‰ÒÍÓÚÓ ÓÍ˙ÊÌÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ,
Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, ÔÓ‰ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, 1953 „. 4
ƒÛ¯ËÌ, Õ. ¿. ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ III ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ √¡, 1975 „. 33
ƒˇÌÍÓ‚, »‚‡Ì ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ 02 ÓÚ‰ÂÎ, 06 ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ƒ—
ÔÂÁ 80-ÚÂ „Ó‰ËÌË, ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ 43
ƒˇÌÍÓ‚, “ÂÌ˛ ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÓÍ˙ÊÌÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ Ã¬– ≠ –ÛÒÂ,
ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, 1959 „. 7
≈‚ÒÚ‡ÙËÂ‚ ≠Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ‡ ÔÓ ‚Ó‰ÌËˇ Ú‡ÌÒÔÓÚ ‚ „. Œ‰ÂÒ‡, ———–,
≈„ÓÓ‚, Ã. ». ≠ ÒÚ‡¯Ë ÍÓÌÒÛÎÚ‡ÌÚ Ì‡ √¡ ÔË Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, 1961 „. 11
≈ÏÓÎÓ‚ ≠ Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ‡ÒÌÓÁÌ‡ÏÂÌÌËˇ ËÌÒÚËÚÛÚ
ìfiËÈ ¿Ì‰ÓÔÓ‚î Á‡ ÔÓ‰„ÓÚÓ‚Í‡ Ì‡ Í‡‰Ë Á‡ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂÚÓ, 1990 „. 51
ΔÂÎÂ‚, ΔÂÎ˛ ≠ ‰-, ÔÂÁË‰ÂÌÚ Ì‡ –ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ
(1 ‡‚„ÛÒÚ 1990 ≠ 22 ˇÌÛ‡Ë 1997) 53
ΔË‚ÍÓ‚, “Ó‰Ó ≠ ÏËÌËÒÚ˙-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ Õ–¡ (1962-1971), ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ
Ì‡ ƒ˙Ê‡‚ÌËˇ Ò˙‚ÂÚ Ì‡ Õ–¡ (1971-1989), Ô˙‚Ë („ÂÌÂ‡ÎÂÌ)
ÒÂÍÂÚ‡ Ì‡ ¡ œ (1954-1989) 10, 22
ΔËÒÍ‡ ‰í≈ÒÚÂÌ, ¬‡ÎÂË ≠ ÙÂÌÒÍË ÔÓÎËÚËÍ Ë ÔÂÁË‰ÂÌÚ Ì‡ ‘‡ÌˆËˇ (1974-1981) 31
«‡ı‡Ó‚, ÕËÍÓÎ‡È —ÚÂÔ‡ÌÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ √¡ (1961-1963),
Ô˙‚Ë Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ √¡ (1963-1970) 17
»‚‡ÌÓ‚, ¬Î‡‰ËÏË œÂÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÒÎÛÊ·‡ ì¿î ‚ œ√”, √¡, 1984-1985 „. 44, 45
»‚‡ÌÓ‚, »‚‡Ì ≠ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ ‚ ƒ—, ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ÂÌ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ ‚ ÓÔÂ‡ÚË‚ÌÓ-
ÚÂıÌË˜ÂÒÍÓÚÓ Ë Ì‡Û˜ÌÓ-ÚÂıÌË˜ÂÒÍÓÚÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ƒ—,
Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ œ√” ‰Ó 1981 „. 39
»‚‡¯ÛÚËÌ, œ¸ÓÚ˙ »‚‡ÌÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ô˙‚Ë Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ
Ì‡ ÓÏËÚÂÚ‡ Á‡ ‰˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ, 1961 „., Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ √–” (1963-1987) 11
‡‰‡¯Â‚, ¿. ‘. ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ œÂÚÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ (¡Ó·‡ Ò Ë‰ÂÓÎÓ„Ë˜ÂÒÍ‡Ú‡
‰Ë‚ÂÒËˇ) Ì‡ √¡ ÓÚ ‡‚„ÛÒÚ 1967 „. 17
‡‰Ë, ’‡Á·ËÛ ≠ ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË Ì‡ ¿Î·‡ÌËˇ, 1955 „. 6
‡Á‡ÌÍËÌ, √. ¡. ≠ ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ËÚÂÎ Ì‡ œ√”, ———–, 1991 „., ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ 53
‡Á‡ˆÍËÈ, œ‡‚ÂÎ —ËÏÂÓÌÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–,
Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ ÔÓ ÚËÎ‡, Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, ÔÓ‰ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, 1953 „. 4
‡Î‡·‡¯ÍËÌ ≠ Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ ‚ √¡, 1974 „. 30
‡Îˇ„ËÌ, ÕËÍÓÎ‡È ≈„ÓÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ 11 ÓÚ‰ÂÎ ‚ √¡, 1983 „. 42
‡‡Ï‡ÌÎËÒ, ÓÌÒÚ‡ÌÚËÌÓÒ (1907-1998) ≠ „˙ˆÍË ÔÓÎËÚËÍ,
ÏËÌËÒÚ˙-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ √˙ˆËˇ (1955-1963 Ë 1974-1980),
ÔÂÁË‰ÂÌÚ Ì‡ √˙ˆËˇ (1980-1985 Ë 1990-1995) 31
460
ÂÌÂ‰Ë, ≈‰Û‡‰ ÃÓ ≠ ËÁ‚ÂÒÚÂÌ Í‡ÚÓ “Â‰ ÂÌÂ‰Ë, Ì‡È-Ï‡ÎÍËˇÚ ·‡Ú Ì‡ ƒÊÓÌ ÂÌÂ‰Ë
Ë –Ó·˙Ú ÂÌÂ‰Ë, ‡ÏÂËÍ‡ÌÒÍË ÒÂÌ‡ÚÓ ÓÚ Ã‡Ò‡˜ÛÁÂÚÒ ÓÚ 1962 „.,
ÔÂÁ 1980 „. Û˜‡ÒÚ‚‡ ‚ Í‡Ì‰Ë‰‡Ú-ÔÂÁË‰ÂÌÚÒÍ‡Ú‡ Í‡ÏÔ‡ÌËˇ Ì‡ ‰ÂÏÓÍ‡ÚËÚÂ,
ÌÓ „Û·Ë Ì‡‰ÔÂ‚‡‡Ú‡ ÓÚ ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚‡˘Ëˇ ÚÓ„‡‚‡ ÔÂÁË‰ÂÌÚ ƒÊËÏË ‡Ú˙ 31
ËÂÂ‚, ¬Î‡‰ËÏË ¿Ì‰ÂÂ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–,
Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ ‚ Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, ÔÓ‰ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, 1953 „. 4
ËÒÂÎ¸Ó‚, ≈. ¬. ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÒÂÍÂÚ‡Ë‡Ú‡ Ì‡ √¡, 1965 „. 15
Ó‚‡Î˜ËÍ, —. ≠ ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË Ì‡ œÓÎÒÍ‡Ú‡
Ì‡Ó‰Ì‡ ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡, 1977 „. 35
ÓÁÎÓ‚, √ÂÓ„ËÈ ÃËı‡ÈÎÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–,
Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ ÔÓ Õ/Õ ÒÎÛÊ·‡, ÒÂ‰ÏË ÓÚ‰ÂÎ ‚ Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, Ï‡ÈÓ, 1953 „. 4
ÓÎ‡Ó‚, Ã. ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ 17, œ√”-ƒ—, 1984 „. 44
ÓÎ˜Â‚, ¿ÔÓÒÚÓÎ ≠ Ô˙‚Ë Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ
‡·ÓÚË Ì‡ Õ–¡, 1961 „. 11
ÓÂÌÍÓ‚, ¿. Õ. ≠ ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ËÚÂÎ Ì‡ √¡ ÔË Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, 1963 „. 14
ÓÌËÂÌÍÓ, √ÂÓ„ËÈ Ã‡ÍÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ ÔÓÙÂÒËÓÌ‡ÎÂÌ ‰ËÔÎÓÏ‡Ú, Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ
Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ —¿Ÿ ‚ ˆÂÌÚ‡ÎÌËˇ ‡Ô‡‡Ú Ì‡ ÃËÌËÒÚÂÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ ‚˙Ì¯ÌËÚÂ
‡·ÓÚË Ì‡ ———– ÒÎÂ‰ 1964 „.; Ô˙‚Ë Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙Ì¯ÌËÚÂ
‡·ÓÚË Ì‡ ———– (1977-1986) 45
ÓÓÎ¸Ó‚ ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ‡, Ó·ÒÎÛÊ‚‡˘ ÏÓÒÍÓ‚ÒÍÓ-ÍËÂ‚ÒÍ‡Ú‡ Ê.Ô. ÎËÌËˇ,
———–, ÔÓ‰ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, 1958 „. 7
ÓÒÚÓÏËÌ, À. œ. ≠ ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ËÚÂÎ Ì‡ ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ËÚÂÎÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ √¡, ———–
‚ Ã¬–, –ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ, 1991 „., „ÂÌÂ‡Î 53
ÓÚÓ‚, ÃËı‡ËÎ √Ë„ÓËÂ‚Ë˜ ≠ Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ œ√” Ì‡ √¡
ÔË —Ã Ì‡ ———–, Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ ì–î, 1985 „. 14, 45
ÓˆÂ‚, ¬‡ÒËÎ ≠ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ ‚ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂÚÓ ÓÚ 1950 „., Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ œ√” Ì‡ Ã¬– 32, 33, 37,
(1973-1986), „ÂÌÂ‡Î-ÎÂÈÚÂÌ‡ÌÚ 41, 42, 44,
45, 46
ÓˆÂ‚, …Ó‰‡Ì ≠ Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎÂÌËÂ ≠ –ÛÒÂ, Í‡ÔËÚ‡Ì, 1959 „. 7
ÓˆÂ‚, À. ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ 03 ÓÚ‰ÂÎ ‚ œ√”, Ã¬–, ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, 1978 „. 37
‡Ï‡Âˆ ì◊Ë˜ÂÓÌÂî ≠ Á‡Ô‡‰ÌÓ„ÂÏ‡ÌÒÍË „‡Ê‰‡ÌËÌ, ÒÔˇÏÓ ÍÓ„ÓÚÓ
Ò‡ ËÁ‚˙¯‚‡ÌË ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚Ëˇ ÔÓ ‡Á‡·ÓÚÍ‡ ÓÚ ‰‚ÂÚÂ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌËˇ
(·˙Î„‡ÒÍÓÚÓ Ë Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍÓÚÓ), 1972 „. 26
ÓıËÌ, ¿. ¿. ≠ Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ œ˙‚Ó „Î‡‚ÌÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ √¡, 1961 „. 11
˙ÒÚÂ‚, √ÂÓ„Ë ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ III ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ƒ—, ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, 1959 „. 9
˛˜ÍÓ‚, ¬Î‡‰ËÏË ¿ÎÂÍÒ‡Ì‰Ó‚Ë˜ ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ I „Î‡‚ÌÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ 31, 32, 33,
Ì‡ ÓÏËÚÂÚ‡ Á‡ ‰˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ ÔË Ã— Ì‡ ———– (1974-1988), 37, 41, 42,
ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ √¡ (1988-1991), „ÂÌÂ‡Î-ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ 44, 45, 46,
48
ÛÎËÍÓ‚, ¬ËÍÚÓ ÃËı‡ÈÎÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–,
ÔÂ‚Ó‰‡˜ ‚ Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, ÒÚ‡¯Ë ÎÂÈÚÂÌ‡ÌÚ, 1953 „. 4
ÛÏ‡ÌÓ‚ ≠ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ ‚ I ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ƒ—, 1959 „. 9
ÛÏ·ËÎËÂ‚, √ÂÓ„Ë ≠ Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË Ì‡ Õ–¡, 1955 „. 6, 9
¸ÓÒÂ‚, ƒËÏËÚ˙ ≠ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ ‚ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍÓÚÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ, Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ œ√” Ì‡ ƒ—
(1968-1972), Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË (1972-1973), 17, 19, 21,
„ÂÌÂ‡Î-ÎÂÈÚÂÌ‡ÌÚ 23, 25
À‚Ó‚, ¬. ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ V ÓÚ‰ÂÎ, œ√”, √¡, ———–, ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, 1978 „. 37
461
ÀÂÏˆÓ‚, √ÂÌ‡‰ËÈ ƒÏËÚËÂ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–,
ÔÓÏÓ˘ÌËÍ Ì‡ ÒÚ‡¯Ëˇ Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ ÔÓ ≈ ”, ˜ÂÚ‚˙ÚÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ
‚ Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, ÔÓ‰ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, 1953 „. 4
Ã‡Í‡ËÓÒ ≠ ‡ıËÂÔËÒÍÓÔ, ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÚÂÎ Ë ÔÂÁË‰ÂÌÚ
Ì‡ ËÔ˙ÒÍ‡Ú‡ ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡ (1960-1974) 22, 25
Ã‡ÎÍÓ‚‡, √‡ÎËÌ‡ œ‡ÌÚÂÎÂÈÏÓÌÓ‚Ì‡ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–,
ÒÚÂÌÓ„‡Ù ≠ Ï‡¯ËÌÓÔËÒÂˆ, Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, ÏÎ‡‰¯Ë ÎÂÈÚÂÌ‡ÌÚ, 1953 „. 4
Ã‡ÌÓ‚, ¡ÓËÒ ≠ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ ‚˙‚ II ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ƒ— (1959), Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ
Ì‡ ¬ËÒ¯‡Ú‡ ¯ÍÓÎ‡ Ì‡ Ã¬– ì√ÂÓ„Ë ƒËÏËÚÓ‚î (1962-1967),
Ô˙‚ËˇÚ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍÓÚÓ ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ (ÿÂÒÚÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ
Ì‡ ƒ—) ‚ ÔÂËÓ‰‡ 1967-1968 „., ÒÂÍÂÚ‡ Ì‡ —ÓÙËÈÒÍË „‡‰ÒÍË ÍÓÏËÚÂÚ
Ì‡ ¡ œ Ë Ô˙‚Ë ÒÂÍÂÚ‡ Ì‡ ŒÍ˙ÊÌËˇ ÍÓÏËÚÂÚ Ì‡ ¡ œ ‚ œÂÌËÍ,
„ÂÌÂ‡Î-Ï‡ÈÓ 9, 17
Ã‡ÌÓÎÓ‚, ÕËÍÓÎ‡ ≠ „Î‡‚ÂÌ ÒÂÍÂÚ‡ Ì‡ Ã— ÔÂÁ 1962 „. 13
Ã‡Ó ƒÁÂ‰ÛÌ ≠ ÍËÚ‡ÈÒÍË ÔÓÎËÚËÍ Ë ‰˙Ê‡‚ÌËÍ; Ò˙Á‰‡ÚÂÎ Ë ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ
Ì‡ ËÚ‡ÈÒÍ‡Ú‡ ÍÓÏÛÌËÒÚË˜ÂÒÍ‡ Ô‡ÚËˇ (1945-1976); ÔÂÁË‰ÂÌÚ
Ì‡ ËÚ‡ÈÒÍ‡Ú‡ Ì‡Ó‰Ì‡ ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡ (1954-1959), Ï‡¯‡Î 31, 45
Ã‡ÍÂÎÓ‚, ». ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ¬ÚÓÓ „Î‡‚ÌÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ √¡, ———–,
„ÂÌÂ‡Î-ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, 1987 „. 47
Ã‡ÚÂÎ‡, »Î‡ËÓ ≠ ËÚ‡ÎË‡ÌÒÍË Ò˙‰Ëˇ-ÒÎÂ‰Ó‚‡ÚÂÎ ÔÓ ‰ÂÎÓÚÓ Á‡ ‡ÚÂÌÚ‡Ú‡
ÒÂ˘Û Ô‡Ô‡ …Ó‡Ì-œ‡‚ÂÎ II ‚ –ËÏ (1981); ÔÓ ‡ÁÔÓÂÊ‰‡ÌÂ Ì‡ Ã‡ÚÂÎ‡,
ÔÂÁ ÌÓÂÏ‚Ë 1982 „. Â ‡ÂÒÚÛ‚‡Ì —Â„ÂÈ ¿ÌÚÓÌÓ‚, Ó·‚ËÌÂÌ Í‡ÚÓ
Ò˙Û˜‡ÒÚÌËÍ Ì‡ ÃÂıÏÂ‰ ¿ÎË ¿„‰Ê‡ 44
ÃÂÎÍÓ·Ó‰Ó‚ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–, ÔÓÏÓ˘ÌËÍ
Ì‡ ÒÚ‡¯Ëˇ Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ Á‡ –ÛÒÂÌÒÍÓÚÓ Ë “˙ÌÓ‚ÒÍÓÚÓ ÓÍ˙ÊÌË
ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËˇ, Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, 1953 „. 4
ÃÂÌ‰ÂÂÒ, ¿‰Ì‡Ì ≠ ÏËÌËÒÚ˙-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ “ÛˆËˇ (1951-1960) 10
ÃËÎÍÂ, ≈ÌÒÚ ≠ ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‰˙Ê‡‚Ì‡Ú‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ
Ì‡ √ÂÏ‡ÌÒÍ‡Ú‡ ‰ÂÏÓÍ‡ÚË˜Ì‡ ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡ (1957-1989) 35
ÃËÎ˛ÚËÌ, ÃËı‡ËÎ ÃËı‡ÈÎÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ VII ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ
Ì‡ √¡, 1974, „ÂÌÂ‡Î-Ï‡ÈÓ 30
ÃËÌÂ‚, √ÂÓ„Ë ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ —√”-Ã¬–, Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ
Ì‡ —ÓÙËÈÒÍÓÚÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ƒ— (1965), „ÂÌÂ‡Î-ÎÂÈÚÂÌ‡ÌÚ 15
ÃËÚÂ‚, ƒËÏËÚ˙ ≠ Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ë Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ
ìÃÂÊ‰ÛÌ‡Ó‰ÌË ‚˙ÁÍËî ‚ Ã¬– 33, 42
ÃËÚÂ‡Ì, ‘‡ÌÒÓ‡ ≠ ÙÂÌÒÍË ÔÓÎËÚËÍ, ÔÂÁË‰ÂÌÚ Ì‡ ‘‡ÌˆËˇ (1981-1995) 45
ÃËÚË˜Â‚, ¬. —. ≠ ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ÂÌ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ ‚ ÓÔÂ‡ÚË‚ÌÓ-ÚÂıÌË˜ÂÒÍÓÚÓ
ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ √¡, 1980 „. 39
ÃËı‡ÈÎÓ‚ ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ ‚ √¡, 1974 „. 30
ÃËˆÓÚ‡ÍËÒ, ÓÌÒÚ‡ÌÚËÌÓÒ ≠ „˙ˆÍË ÔÓÎËÚËÍ, ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙Ì¯ÌËÚÂ
‡·ÓÚË Ì‡ √˙ˆËˇ (1981), Ô‡Î‡ÏÂÌÚ‡ÂÌ „Ó‚ÓËÚÂÎ (1981-1984)
Ë ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ Ô‡ÚËˇ ÕÓ‚‡ ‰ÂÏÓÍ‡ˆËˇ (1984-1993),
ÏËÌËÒÚ˙-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ √˙ˆËˇ (1990-1993) 45
ÃÓ‰‚ËÌˆÂ‚, “. ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÍÛÒ‡ Ì‡ „ÛÔ‡ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍË Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËˆË
ÓÚ œ√”, ƒ—, Ó·Û˜‡‚‡ÌË ‚ ÃÓÒÍ‚‡ ÔÂÁ Û˜Â·Ì‡Ú‡ 1975/1976 „. 34
ÃÓÓÁÍËÌ, √ÂÓ„ËÈ —ËÏÂÓÌÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–,
462 ÔÓÏÓ˘ÌËÍ Ì‡ ÒÚ‡¯Ëˇ Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ Á‡ —ÚÓÎË˜ÌÓÚÓ Ë —ÓÙËÈÒÍÓÚÓ
ÓÍ˙ÊÌÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ, Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, 1953 „. 4
ÃÓÚËÌ, ‘¸Ó‰Ó ÓÌÒÚ‡ÌÚËÌÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ I „Î‡‚ÌÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ √¡,
(1971-1974) 19, 25
Õ‡ÍÓ‚, ¿. ≠ ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ÂÌ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ ‚ ÓÔÂ‡ÚË‚ÌÓ-ÚÂıÌË˜ÂÒÍÓÚÓ
Õ‡Ò˙, √‡Ï‡Î ¿·‰ÂÎ ≠ ÔÂÁË‰ÂÌÚ Ì‡ ≈„ËÔÂÚ (1956-1970), ËÁ‚ÂÒÚÂÌ Ò˙Ò Ò‚ÓˇÚ‡
ÔÓ‡‡·ÒÍ‡ Ë ‡ÌÚËÍÓÎÓÌË‡ÎÌ‡ ÔÓÎËÚËÍ‡ 22
Õ‡Ú‡Î˜ÂÌÍÓ, »‚‡Ì —ÂÏÂÌÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–,
ÔÓÏÓ˘ÌËÍ Ì‡ ÒÚ‡¯Ëˇ Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ ÔÓ Ú‡ÌÒÔÓÚÌ‡ Ó„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËˇ, ¯ÂÒÚÓ
ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ ‚ Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, ÔÓ‰ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, 1953 „. 4
ÕÂÒÚÓÓ‚, ¿. ≠ ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ÂÌ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ ‚ ÓÔÂ‡ÚË‚ÌÓ-ÚÂıÌË˜ÂÒÍÓÚÓ
ÕÂÒÚÓÓ‚, ¡. ≠ ‰ËÂÍˆËˇ ì»ÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËˇî, œ√”, ƒ—, Í‡ÔËÚ‡Ì, 1976-1978 „. 36
Œ·ÁËÌ‡, fl. ≠ ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË Ì‡ ◊ÂıÓÒÎÓ‚‡¯Í‡Ú‡
ÒÓˆË‡ÎËÒÚË˜ÂÒÍ‡ ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡, 1977 „. 35
Œ‰ËÌˆÓ‚, ¿. ¿. ≠ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ ‚ ÒÎÛÊ·‡ ì»ÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËˇî Ì‡ œ√”, √¡, 1984 „. 44
ŒÎÓ‚, √. ¿. ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ‡ÒÌÓÁÌ‡ÏÂÌÌËˇ ËÌÒÚËÚÛÚ ìfiËÈ ¿Ì‰ÓÔÓ‚î
Á‡ ÔÓ‰„ÓÚÓ‚Í‡ Ì‡ Í‡‰Ë Á‡ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂÚÓ, 1990 „. 51
œ‡ÎËÌ, ¬ÂÎÍÓ ≠ Á‡‚ÂÊ‰‡˘ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ ì¬ÓÂÌÂÌî (ÒÎÂ‰ 1979 „. ≠ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ
ì¬ÓÂÌÌÓ‡‰ÏËÌËÒÚ‡ÚË‚ÂÌî) ‚ ÷ Ì‡ ¡ œ (1971-1989),
˜ÎÂÌ Ì‡ ÷ Ì‡ ¡ œ (1971-1989), „ÂÌÂ‡Î-ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ 33
œ‡Ì‰Ó‚ ≠ ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ËÚÂÎ Ì‡ I ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ƒ—, 1959 „. 7
œ‡Ô‡ …Ó‡Ì œ‡‚ÂÎ II ≠ ‡ÓÎ fiÁÂÙ ¬ÓÈÚËÎ‡ (1920-2005) ≠ Ô˙‚ËˇÚ
ËÏÓÍ‡ÚÓÎË˜ÂÒÍË Ô‡Ô‡ ÓÚ ÒÎ‡‚ˇÌÒÍË (ÔÓÎÒÍË) ÔÓËÁıÓ‰ (1978-2005) 44
œ‡Ô‡Ì‰ÂÛ, ¿Ì‰Â‡Ò ≠ „˙ˆÍË ÔÓÎËÚËÍ, ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÚÂÎ Ë ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ œ¿—Œ
(Œ·˘Ó„˙ˆÍÓ ÒÓˆË‡ÎËÒÚË˜ÂÒÍÓ ‰‚ËÊÂÌËÂ) Ë ÏËÌËÒÚ˙-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ
Ì‡ √˙ˆËˇ (1981-1989 Ë 1993-1996) 22, 45
œËÎËÔÂÌÍÓ, √Ë„ÓËÈ √ÂÓ„ËÂ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–,
ÔÓÏÓ˘ÌËÍ Ì‡ ÒÚ‡¯Ëˇ Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ ÔÓ ‚ÓÂÌÌÓ ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ,
ÔÂÚÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ ‚ Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, 1953 „. 4
œËÓ¯, À‡ÒÎÓ ≠ ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË Ì‡ ”Ì„‡Ëˇ, 1955 „. 6
œË¯Ï‡ÌÓ‚, √ÂÓ„Ë ≠ Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎÂÌËÂ ≠ ¡Û„‡Ò, Í‡ÔËÚ‡Ì, 1959 „. 7
œË¯˜ÛÎËÌ, ƒ. ». ≠ ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ËÚÂÎ Ì‡ ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ËÚÂÎÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ
Ì‡ √¡ ÔË ƒ— Ì‡ Õ–¡, 1965 „. 15
œÓÎËÍ‡ÔÓ‚ ≠ Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ, ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ËÚÂÎ Ì‡ √¡ ‚ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ, 1959 „. 7
œÓÎËÚËÍÓ, »„Ì‡ÚËÈ “ËıÓÌÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–,
ÔÓÏÓ˘ÌËÍ Ì‡ ÒÚ‡¯Ëˇ Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ ÔÓ –”, ‚ÚÓÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ ‚ Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡,
œÓıÓÓ‚ ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ Ì‡Ô‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ ‚ √¡, 1974 „. 30
œÚ‡ÒËÌÒÍË, flÌ ≠ ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ ÒÎÛÊ·‡Ú‡ Á‡ ‰˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ Ì‡ œÕ–, 1955 „. 6
œÛÁ‡ÌÓ‚, ¿ÎÂÍÒ‡Ì‰˙ ÃËı‡ÈÎÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ ËÁ‚˙ÌÂ‰ÂÌ Ë Ô˙ÎÌÓÏÓ˘ÂÌ ÔÓÒÎ‡ÌËÍ
Ì‡ ———– ‚ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ, ÛÔ˙ÎÌÓÏÓ˘ÂÌ ÓÚ ¿. √ÓÏËÍÓ, ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙Ì¯ÌËÚÂ
‡·ÓÚË Ì‡ ———–, ‰‡ ÔÓ‰ÔË¯Â —ÔÓ„Ó‰·‡Ú‡ Á‡ ÚÂÎÂ„‡ÙÌ‡Ú‡ Á‡ÒÂÍÂÚÂÌ‡ ‚˙ÁÍ‡
ÏÂÊ‰Û —ÓÙËˇ Ë ÃÓÒÍ‚‡, 30 Ï‡È 1969 „. 20
–‡ÈÍÓ‚, –‡‰ÓÒÎ‡‚ ≠ Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-‰ËÂÍÚÓ Ì‡ Õ‡ˆËÓÌ‡ÎÌ‡Ú‡ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡
ÒÎÛÊ·‡, 1991, ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ 53
–ÂÈ„˙Ì, –ÓÌ‡Î‰ ”ËÎÒ˙Ì (1911-2004) ≠ ‡ÏÂËÍ‡ÌÒÍË ÔÓÎËÚËÍ ÓÚ –ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡ÌÒÍ‡Ú‡
Ô‡ÚËˇ, „Û·ÂÌ‡ÚÓ Ì‡ ‡ÎËÙÓÌËˇ (1967-1975), ÔÂÁË‰ÂÌÚ Ì‡ —¿Ÿ (1981-1989) 45, 46 463
–ÓÏ‡Ì˚˜Â‚, ». —. ≠ ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ÂÌ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ ‚ ÓÔÂ‡ÚË‚ÌÓ-ÚÂıÌË˜ÂÒÍÓÚÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ
Ì‡ √¡, 1980 „. 39
–˚ÍÓ‚, ¬‡ÒËÎËÈ ¬‡ÒËÎËÂ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–,
Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ ÔÓ ÔÓ‰ÁÂÏÌËÚÂ Ò˙Ó˙ÊÂÌËˇ, Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, 1953 „. 4
—‡‚Ó‚, —ÚÓˇÌ ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ œ√” Ì‡ ƒ— (1972-1973), Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÏËÌËÒÚ˙
Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË (1974-1990), „ÂÌÂ‡Î-ÎÂÈÚÂÌ‡ÌÚ 42, 44, 45
—‡‚˜ÂÌÍÓ, »‚‡Ì “ËıÓÌÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ËÚÂÎ Ì‡ ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ËÚÂÎÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ √¡ ‚ Ã¬–
Ì‡ Õ–¡ (1969-1980), „ÂÌÂ‡Î 21, 33
—‡‚˜ÂÌÍÓ, —Â„ÂÈ –ÓÏ‡ÌÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ô˙‚Ë Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ ÓÏËÚÂÚ‡
Á‡ ËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËˇ (Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍ‡Ú‡ ‡„ÂÌˆËˇ Á‡ ‚˙Ì¯ÌÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ) (1949-1951),
Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‰˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ Ë Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ œ˙‚Ó „Î‡‚ÌÓ
ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ √¡ (1951-1953) 1
—‡‰‡Ú, ¿ÌÛ‡ ≠ Â„ËÔÂÚÒÍË ÔÓÎËÚËÍ, ÔÂÁË‰ÂÌÚ Ì‡ ≈„ËÔÂÚ (1970-1981), ÔÂÁ 1978 „.
ÔÓÎÛ˜‡‚‡ ÕÓ·ÂÎÓ‚‡ Ì‡„‡‰‡ Á‡ ÏË, Á‡Â‰ÌÓ Ò ËÁ‡ÂÎÒÍËˇ ÎË‰Â ÃÂÌ‡ıÂÏ ¡Â„ËÌ,
Á‡‡‰Ë ÒÍÎ˛˜ÂÌÓÚÓ ÏÂÊ‰Û Úˇı ÂÏÔ‰ÂÈ‚Ë‰ÒÍÓ ÒÔÓ‡ÁÛÏÂÌËÂ ≠ Ô˙‚ËˇÚ ÏËÂÌ
‰Ó„Ó‚Ó ÏÂÊ‰Û »Á‡ÂÎ Ë ‡‡·ÒÍ‡ ÒÚ‡Ì‡ 31
—‡ÊÂÌÓ‚, ‘Â‰Ó √Ë„ÓËÂ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–,
ÔÓÏÓ˘ÌËÍ Ì‡ ÒÚ‡¯Ëˇ Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ Á‡ ’‡ÒÍÓ‚ÒÍÓÚÓ Ë —Ú‡ÓÁ‡„ÓÒÍÓÚÓ ÓÍ˙ÊÌË
ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËˇ, Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, 1953 „. 4
—‡Ï‡Ì‰ÊËÂ‚, ‡ÒËÏË ≠ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ ‚ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍÓÚÓ ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ ÓÚ 1959 „.,
Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ¬ÚÓÓ √” (1988-1989), Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÏËÌËÒÚ˙
Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË (1990-1991), „ÂÌÂ‡Î-Ï‡ÈÓ 52
—‡ı‡Ó‚ÒÍË, ¿ÎÂÍÒ‡Ì‰˙ ÃËı‡ÈÎÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ œ√” Ì‡ √¡ (1956-1971) 14, 15, 16,
17, 19, 21,
23
—‚ÂÚÎË˜ÌË, Ã. œ. ≠ ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ËÚÂÎ Ì‡ ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ËÚÂÎÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ √¡
‚ ÓÏËÚÂÚ‡ Á‡ ‰˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ Ì‡ Õ–¡, 1968 „. 17
—Â·‡ÒÚËˇÌÓ‚, √‡‚ËËÎ ¿ÒÂÌÚËÂ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–,
ÔÓÏÓ˘ÌËÍ Ì‡ ÒÚ‡¯Ëˇ Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ ÔÓ ‚ÓÂÌÌËÚÂ ‚˙ÔÓÒË, Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡,
—Â‚Â˛„ËÌ ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍËˇ ÍÛÒ Á‡ ÔÓ‰„ÓÚÓ‚Í‡ Ì‡ Í‡‰Ë
Á‡ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂÚÓ ‚ ‡ÒÌÓÁÌ‡ÏÂÌÌËˇ ËÌÒÚËÚÛÚ ìfiËÈ ¿Ì‰ÓÔÓ‚î 1990 „. 51
—ÂÎËÙÓÌÓ‚, ÕËÍÓÎ‡È »‚‡ÌÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–,
ÔÓÏÓ˘ÌËÍ Ì‡ ÒÚ‡¯Ëˇ Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ ÔÓ ÒÎÂ‰ÒÚ‚ËÂÚÓ ‚ Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡,
—ÂÏËÌ, »‚‡Ì ¿Ì‰ÂÂ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–, ÔÓÏÓ˘ÌËÍ
Ì‡ ÒÚ‡¯Ëˇ Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ ÔÓ Ì‡Ó‰Ì‡ ÏËÎËˆËˇ ‚ Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, 1953 „. 4
—ÂÏË˜‡ÒÚÌË, ¬Î‡‰ËÏË ≈ÙËÏÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ √¡ (1961-1967) 12, 14, 15,
16
—ÂÍÂ‰ÊËÂ‚‡, Õ‡ÌÍ‡ ≠ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ ‚ ƒ— ÒÎÂ‰ 1947 „., Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ
ì¿ıË‚ Ë Í‡ÚÓÚÂÍ‡î, III ÓÚ‰ÂÎ Ì‡ ƒ— ‰Ó 1990 „., „ÂÌÂ‡Î-Ï‡ÈÓ 50
—ÂÓ‚, »‚‡Ì ¿ÎÂÍÒ‡Ì‰Ó‚Ë˜ ≠ ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ √¡ (1954-1958),
Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ √–” (1958-1962) 6
—ËÌÍÂÂ‚Ë˜ ≠ Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ ÒÎÛÊ·‡Ú‡ Á‡ ‰˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ
Ì‡ œÕ–, 1955 „. 6
—ËÌˇ‚ÒÍË, ¿Ì‰ÂÈ ƒÓÌ‡ÚÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ (1925-1997), ÛÒÍË ÔËÒ‡ÚÂÎ, ÎËÚÂ‡ÚÛÂÓ‚Â‰,
Ò˙Á‰‡‚‡ „ÓÚÂÒÍÌÓ-Ò‡ÚËË˜ÌË ÔÓ‚ÂÒÚË ≠ ÒÓˆË‡ÎÌË Ë ÔÒËıÓÎÓ„Ë˜ÂÒÍË ÙÂÌÓÏÂÌË
Ì‡ ÚÓÚ‡ÎËÚ‡Ì‡Ú‡ ‰˙Ê‡‚‡ (ÎËÚ. ÔÒÂ‚‰. ¿·‡Ï “Âˆ); ÔÂÁ 1965-1966 „. √¡
Ó„‡ÌËÁË‡ ÔÓˆÂÒ ÒÂ˘Û ÌÂ„Ó Ë fiÎËÈ ƒ‡ÌËÂÎ, ÓÚ 1973 „. ÊË‚ÂÂ ‚ œ‡ËÊ 16
464
—Ó‡Ë¯, Ã‡ËÓ ≠ ÔÂÁË‰ÂÌÚ Ì‡ œÓÚÛ„‡ÎËˇ (1986-1996), „ÂÌÂ‡ÎÂÌ ÒÂÍÂÚ‡
Ì‡ œÓÚÛ„‡ÎÒÍ‡Ú‡ ÒÓˆË‡ÎËÒÚË˜ÂÒÍ‡ Ô‡ÚËˇ (1973-1985), ÔÂÏËÂ-ÏËÌËÒÚ˙
Ì‡ œÓÚÛ„‡ÎËˇ (1976-1978 Ë 1983-1985) 31
—ÓÎ‡ÍÓ‚, ¿Ì„ÂÎ ≠ Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË, ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ
Ì‡ ÓÏËÚÂÚ‡ Á‡ ‰˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ (1965-1968), ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ 14, 15, 16,
‡·ÓÚË (1968-1971), „ÂÌÂ‡Î-ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ 17, 21
—ÓÓÍÓÛÏÓ‚, ¿ÎÂÍÒ‡Ì‰˙ ¬‡ÒËÎËÂ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–,
Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ ‚ Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, ÔÓ‰ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, 1953 „. 4
—Ô‡ÒÓ‚, ÃË˜Ó ≠ Ô˙‚Ë Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË
Ë Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ ƒ— (1963-1973), Á‡‚ÂÊ‰‡˘ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ ì«‡‰„‡ÌË˜ÌË
Í‡‰Ëî Ì‡ ÷ Ì‡ ¡ œ (1973-1982), „Î‡‚ÂÌ Ó·‚ËÌˇÂÏ ÔÓ ‰ÂÎÓÚÓ Á‡ Û·ËÈÒÚ‚‡Ú‡
Ë ËÁÚÂÁ‡ÌËˇÚ‡ ‚ Î‡„ÂËÚÂ ÀÓ‚Â˜ Ë —Í‡‚ÂÌ‡ (1990), „ÂÌÂ‡Î-ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ 15, 17, 21
—ÔËÌÓÎ‡, ¿ÌÚÓÌËÓ ≠ „ÂÌÂ‡Î, Â‰ËÌ ÓÚ ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ËÚÂÎËÚÂ Ì‡ ÔÓÚÛ„‡ÎÒÍ‡Ú‡
ìÂ‚ÓÎ˛ˆËˇ Ì‡ Í‡‡ÏÙËÎËÚÂî, ÔÂÁË‰ÂÌÚ Ì‡ œÓÚÛ„‡ÎËˇ (1974-1975) 31
—Ú‡ÌË¯Â‚, ƒËÏËÚ˙ (1924-2000) ≠ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍË ÔÓÎËÚËÍ, ‰ËÔÎÓÏ‡Ú, ÒÂÍÂÚ‡
Ì‡ ÷ Ì‡ ÷ Ì‡ ¡ œ ÒÎÂ‰ 1977 „., Ì‡Ó‰ÂÌ ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ËÚÂÎ ‚ 7, 8 Ë 9-ÚÓ
Õ‡Ó‰ÌÓ Ò˙·‡ÌËÂ 45
—Ú‡ÌÍÓ‚, ƒËÏÓ ≠ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ Ì‡ ‚ÓÂÌÌÓÚÓ ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ Ë Ì‡ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂÚÓ;
˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ËÚÂÎ Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ ì¿ÍÚË‚ÌË ÏÂÓÔËˇÚËˇî, Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ
Ì‡ œ√”-ƒ—; ÔÂÁ 80-ÚÂ „Ó‰ËÌË Â Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ 08, œ√”-ƒ—, ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ 44, 45
—ÚÂÙ‡ÌÓ‚, —˙·Ë ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ „‡‰ÒÍÓÚÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ Ã¬– ≠ ¬‡Ì‡,
—ÚÓËÎÓ‚, œÂÌ˜Ó ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ III ƒƒ— (1949-1950); Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ
Ì‡ ‚ÓÂÌÌÓÚÓ ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ ‚ Ì‡˜‡ÎÓÚÓ Ì‡ 50-ÚÂ „Ó‰ËÌË; ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ 1
—ÚÓËÎÓ‚, ƒËÏËÚ˙ ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ Œ” Ì‡ Ã¬– ≠ œÎÓ‚‰Ë‚, ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ËÚÂÎ Ì‡ Ã¬–
‚ ÃÓÒÍ‚‡, Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË (1973-1986),
„ÂÌÂ‡Î-ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ 15, 17
—ÚÓˇÌÓ‚, ƒËÏËÚ˙ ≠ ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË (1973-1988), ˜ÎÂÌ 32, 33, 35,
Ì‡ œÓÎËÚ·˛Ó Ë ÒÂÍÂÚ‡ Ì‡ ÷ Ì‡ ¡ œ (1988-1989), „ÂÌÂ‡Î-ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ 39, 41, 42,
45, 46, 47,
48, 49
—ÚÓˇÌÓ‚, œÂÚ˙ ≠ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ ‚ ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂÚÓ; Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍÓÚÓ 27, 33, 42,
ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ ≠ ÿÂÒÚÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ƒ— (1968-1985), „ÂÌÂ‡Î-ÎÂÈÚÂÌ‡ÌÚ 43
—ÛıÓ‰ÓÎÒÍËÈ, ¬Î‡‰ËÏË ÕËÍÓÎ‡Â‚Ë˜ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–,
ÒÚ‡¯Ë Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ ‚ Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, 1953 „. 4
“‡ÌÂ‚, √ÂÓ„Ë ≠ ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË, (1988 ≠ 1989), „ÂÌÂ‡Î-Ï‡ÈÓ 49, 50
“‡‡ÍË, ÕÛ ÃÓı‡ÏÂ‰ (1917-1979) ≠ ÔÓÂÚ Ë ÓÏ‡ÌËÒÚ, ÏËÌËÒÚ˙-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ
Ì‡ ¿Ù„‡ÌËÒÚ‡Ì (1978-1979) Ë ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ –Â‚ÓÎ˛ˆËÓÌÌËˇ Ò˙‚ÂÚ
Ì‡ ¿Ù„‡ÌËÒÚ‡Ì (1978-1979) 45
“ÂÁËÂ‚, ¬‡ÒËÎ ≠ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ ‚˙‚ ‚ÓÂÌÌÓÚÓ ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ, Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ
Ì‡ ◊ÂÚ‚˙ÚÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ƒ— (1952-1963) Ë Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ “ÂÚÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ
Ì‡ ƒ— (1963-1990), „ÂÌÂ‡Î-ÎÂÈÚÂÌ‡ÌÚ 28
“ËıÓ‚, “ËıÓ ≠ Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎÂÌËÂ ‚ ƒ— ≠ ¬‡Ì‡,
ÒÚ‡¯Ë ÎÂÈÚÂÌ‡ÌÚ, 1959 „. 7
“Ó‰ÓÓ‚, ¬Î‡‰ËÏË ≠ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ Ì‡ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍÓÚÓ ‚˙Ì¯ÌÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ,
Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ œ√”, ƒ— (1986-1990) 49, 51
“Ó‰ÓÓ‚, ËËÎ ≠ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ Ì‡ Õ–—, 1990 „., ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ 51
“Ó¯ÍÓ‚, –ÛÏÂÌ ≠ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ Ì‡ ·˙Î„‡ÒÍÓÚÓ ‚˙Ì¯ÌÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ, Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ
Ì‡ Õ‡ˆËÓÌ‡ÎÌ‡Ú‡ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÚÂÎÌ‡ ÒÎÛÊ·‡ (1990-1991), „ÂÌÂ‡Î-Ï‡ÈÓ 53
465
”ÒÚËÌÓ‚, ». ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ “ÂÚÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ √¡, 1972 „. 28, 37
‘‡ıÚ ·ËÌ ¿·‰ÛÎ ¿ÁËÒ ≠ Í‡Î Ì‡ —‡Û‰ËÚÒÍ‡ ¿‡·Ëˇ (1982-2005) 31
‘Â‰ÓÚÓ‚, œ¸ÓÚ˙ ¬‡ÒËÎËÂ‚Ë˜ ≠ Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‰˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ
(1946-1947), Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ ÓÏËÚÂÚ‡ Á‡ ËÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËˇ (1947-1952),
Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ œ√” (1953-1954), Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ¬√” √¡ (1954-1956) ≠
„ÂÌÂ‡Î-ÎÂÈÚÂÌ‡ÌÚ 1
‘ËÎ‡ÚÓ‚, —ÚÂÔ‡Ì »‚‡ÌÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍÓÚÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ, ÒÚ‡¯Ë
Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ ÔÓ ÎËÌËˇ Ì‡ √¡ ‚ Ã¬– (1949-1951), „ÂÌÂ‡Î 2, 3
‘ËÎËÔÓ‚ÒÍËÈ, ¬. ¬. ≠ ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ÂÌ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ ‚ ÓÔÂ‡ÚË‚ÌÓ-ÚÂıÌË˜ÂÒÍÓÚÓ
ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ √¡, 1980 „. 39
‘Ó‰, ƒÊÂ‡Î‰ –Û‰ÓÎÙ ≠ (1913-2006), ‚ËˆÂÔÂÁË‰ÂÌÚ Ì‡ —¿Ÿ (1973-1974),
38-ËˇÚ ÔÂÁË‰ÂÌÚ Ì‡ —¿Ÿ (1974-1976) 31
‘¸Ó‰ÓÓ‚, ¬Î‡‰ËÎÂÌ ÕËÍÓÎ‡Â‚Ë˜ ≠ ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ËÚÂÎ Ì‡ ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ËÚÂÎÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ
Ì‡ √¡ Ì‡ ———– ‚ Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, 1983 „. 42, 49
’ÓÏÂÈÌË, –ÛıÓÎ‡ı ÃÛÒ‡‚Ë (1900-1989) ≠ ¯ËËÚÒÍË ‰ÛıÓ‚ÌËÍ Ë Ë‰ÂÂÌ ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ËÚÂÎ
Ì‡ ËÒÎˇÏÒÍ‡Ú‡ Â‚ÓÎ˛ˆËˇ ‚ »‡Ì ÔÂÁ 1978-1979 „.; Ó·ˇ‚ˇ‚‡ »‡Ì
Á‡ »ÒÎˇÏÒÍ‡ ÂÔÛ·ÎËÍ‡ (1979) 45
’ËÒËÏÓ‚, ¡ÓËÒ ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÒÂÍˆËˇ ìœœ¬î, Õ–—, 1990 „., ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ 51
’ËÒÚÓ‚, √. ≠ ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ÂÌ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ ‚ ÓÔÂ‡ÚË‚ÌÓ-ÚÂıÌË˜ÂÒÍÓÚÓ
’ËÒÚÓÁÓ‚, –ÛÒË ≠ Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ë ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË,
(1947-1951), „ÂÌÂ‡Î-ÎÂÈÚÂÌ‡ÌÚ 2
’Û¯˜Ó‚, ÕËÍËÚ‡ —Â„ÂÂ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍË Ô‡ÚËÂÌ Ë ‰˙Ê‡‚ÂÌ ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ËÚÂÎ
(1956-1964), „ÂÌÂ‡Î-ÎÂÈÚÂÌ‡ÌÚ 10
’ÛÚÍÓ‚, »‚‡Ì »„Ì‡ÚËÂ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–,
ÔÓÏÓ˘ÌËÍ Ì‡ ÒÚ‡¯Ëˇ Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ Á‡ œÎÓ‚‰Ë‚ÒÍÓÚÓ ÓÍ˙ÊÌÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ,
Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, ÔÓ‰ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, 1953 „. 4
’˛ÒÂËÌ, —‡‰‰‡Ï ¿·‰ ‡Î-Ã‡‰ÊË‰ ‡Î-“ËÍËÚË (1937-2006) ≠ ÔÂÁË‰ÂÌÚ
Ì‡ »‡Í (1979-2003) 45
÷‡ÌÂ‚, ¿Ì„ÂÎ ≠ Ô‡ÚËÂÌ Ë ‰˙Ê‡‚ÂÌ ‰ÂÂˆ; ÔÓÏÓ˘ÌËÍ ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ
‡·ÓÚË (1952-1962); ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË (1971-1973);
„ÂÌÂ‡Î-ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ 24
÷‡ÌÍ‡ÒÍË, Ã. ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ „ÛÔ‡ ì»ÌÙÓÏ‡ˆËˇî Ì‡ Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, 1963 „. 14
÷‡ÌÍÓ‚, √ÂÓ„Ë ≠ ˜ÎÂÌ Ì‡ ÷ Ì‡ ¡ œ (1948-1962) Ë Ì‡ œÓÎËÚ·˛Ó Ì‡ ÷ Ì‡ ¡ œ
(1954-1962), ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË (1951-1962),
Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ Ã— (1962), „ÂÌÂ‡Î-ÎÂÈÚÂÌ‡ÌÚ 6, 11
÷‚Ë„ÛÌ, —ÂÏ¸ÓÌ ÛÁÏË˜ ≠ ‚ËÒ¯ ÒÎÛÊËÚÂÎ Ì‡ √¡, Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ
Ì‡ √¡ (1963-1967), Ô˙‚Ë Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ √¡ (1967-1982),
‡ÏÂÈÒÍË „ÂÌÂ‡Î 33
÷ËÌ¸Ó‚, √ÂÓ„Ë ‡ÔÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ë Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ “ÂÚÓ „Î‡‚ÌÓ
ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ √¡ (1961-1967), Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ¬ÚÓÓ „Î‡‚ÌÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ
Ì‡ √¡ (1967-1970), Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ √¡ (1970-1982),
Ô˙‚Ë Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ √¡ (1982-1988), ‡ÏÂÈÒÍË „ÂÌÂ‡Î 17, 21
÷ÓÌÂ‚, —Ú. ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ ìŒ·˘‡ Í‡ÌˆÂÎ‡Ëˇî
‚ Ã— Ì‡ Õ–¡, 1962 „. 13
÷˚„‡ÌÓ‚ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–, Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ ÔÓ ‚˙ÔÓÒËÚÂ
Ì‡ ÔÓ„‡ÌË˜ÌÓÚÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ, Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, 1953 „. 4
◊Â·ËÍÓ‚, ¬ËÍÚÓ ÃËı‡ÈÎÓ‚Ë˜ (1923-1999) ≠ Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ √¡ 42, 44, 45,
(1968-1982), ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ √¡ (1982-1988), ‡ÏÂÈÒÍË „ÂÌÂ‡Î 46, 47
466 ◊Â‚ÂÌÍÓ‚, ¬˙ÎÍÓ ≠ ÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍË Ë ‰˙Ê‡‚ÂÌ ‰ÂÂˆ, „ÂÌÂ‡ÎÂÌ ÒÂÍÂÚ‡ Ì‡ ¡ œ
Ë ÏËÌËÒÚ˙-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ Õ–¡ (1950-1956), „ÂÌÂ‡Î-Ï‡ÈÓ 2, 3
◊Â„ËÎ‡ÌÓ‚, œÂÚ˙ ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ¬ÓÂÌÌÓÚÓ ÍÓÌÚ‡‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ (III ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ)
Ì‡ ƒ—, (1973-1988), „ÂÌÂ‡Î-ÎÂÈÚÂÌ‡ÌÚ 33
◊ÂÌ˚ı, —Â„ÂÈ »‚‡ÌÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ò˙ÚÛ‰ÌËÍ ÓÚ ‡Ô‡‡Ú‡ Ì‡ Ã¬ƒ Ì‡ ———–, ÔÓÏÓ˘ÌËÍ
Ì‡ ÒÚ‡¯Ë Ò˙‚ÂÚÌËÍ‡ ÔÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂÚÓ ‚ Ã¬– Ì‡ Õ–¡, ÔÓ‰ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, 1953 „. 4
◊ÓÎ‡ÍÓ‚, ÕÂ‰˛ ≠ Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ III ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ƒ— ÔË Ã¬–, 1958 „. 7
ÿÂ·‡¯ËÌ, ÀÂÓÌË‰ ¬Î‡‰ËÏËÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ ì–. ».î,
œ√”- √¡, Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ √¡; Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ œ√”- √¡ (1988-1991),
„ÂÌÂ‡Î-ÎÂÈÚÂÌ‡ÌÚ 45, 49, 52
ÿËÌ‡Ó‚ ≠ ÔÂ‰ÒÚ‡‚ËÚÂÎ Ì‡ II ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ƒ—, 1959 „. 7
ÿËÔÍÓ‚, »‚‡Ì ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ ìÃÂÊ‰ÛÌ‡Ó‰ÌË ‚˙ÁÍËî Ì‡ Ã¬–,
ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, 1985 „. 45
ÿÓÔÓ‚, √Ë„Ó ≠ Ô‡ÚËÂÌ Ë ‰˙Ê‡‚ÂÌ ‰ÂÂˆ, ˜ÎÂÌ Ì‡ ÷ Ì‡ ¡ œ,
Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ ÓÏËÚÂÚ‡ Á‡ ‰˙Ê‡‚Ì‡ ÒË„ÛÌÓÒÚ
Ë Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË (1967-1989), ÓÚ 1973 „. Â Ô˙‚Ë 17, 21, 33,
Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ-ÏËÌËÒÚ˙ Ë ˙ÍÓ‚Ó‰ËÚÂÎ Ì‡ ƒ—, „ÂÌÂ‡Î-ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ 42
ÿÛÎˆ, ƒÊÓ‰Ê ≠ ‰˙Ê‡‚ÂÌ ÒÂÍÂÚ‡ ‚ Ô‡‚ËÚÂÎÒÚ‚ÓÚÓ Ì‡ ‡ÏÂËÍ‡ÌÒÍËˇ
ÔÂÁË‰ÂÌÚ –ÓÌ‡Î‰ –ÂÈ„˙Ì ‚ ÔÂËÓ‰‡1982-1989 „., ÒÎÂ‰ 1989 „. Â ÔÓÙÂÒÓ
ÔÓ ÏÂÊ‰ÛÌ‡Ó‰Ì‡ ËÍÓÌÓÏËÍ‡ ‚ Stanford University 45
ÿÛÏËÎÓ‚, ¬. “. ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÀÂÌËÌ„‡‰ÒÍÓÚÓ Ó·Î‡ÒÚÌÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ
Ì‡ √¡, 1965 „. 15
ÿ˜Â·‡Í, ‘¸Ó‰Ó ¿ÎÂÍÒÂÂ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ VI ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ √¡, 1983 „. 42
ŸÂ·‡ÚÓ‚ ≠ Á‡ÏÂÒÚÌËÍ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÓÚ‰ÂÎ‡ ÔÓ ‚Ó‰ÌËˇ Ú‡ÌÒÔÓÚ
‚ „. »ÁÏ‡ËÎ, ———–, ≠ ÔÓ‰ÔÓÎÍÓ‚ÌËÍ, 1958 „. 7
Ÿ‡ÛÒ, ‘‡Ìˆ-…ÓÁÂÙ ≠ (1915-1988), Á‡Ô‡‰ÌÓ„ÂÏ‡ÌÒÍË ÔÓÎËÚËÍ, ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ
Ì‡ ’——, ÏËÌËÒÚ˙-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ ÔÓ‚ËÌˆËˇ ¡‡‚‡Ëˇ (·Ë‚¯‡ ‘–√) 31, 32
fi„Ó‚, ¿ÌÚÓÌ ≠ ÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍË Ë ‰˙Ê‡‚ÂÌ ‰ÂÂˆ Ì‡ Õ–¡, ÏËÌËÒÚ˙
Ì‡ ‚˙ÚÂ¯ÌËÚÂ ‡·ÓÚË (1944-1949), ÏËÌËÒÚ˙-ÔÂ‰ÒÂ‰‡ÚÂÎ Ì‡ Õ–¡ (1956-1962),
„ÂÌÂ‡Î-ÎÂÈÚÂÌ‡ÌÚ 10, 12
flÍÓ‚ÎÂ‚ (‘Â‰Ë˜ÍËÌ, ƒ.√.) ≠ ·Ë‚¯ ÂÁË‰ÂÌÚ Ì‡ Ò˙‚ÂÚÒÍÓÚÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ
‚ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ Ë –ÛÏ˙ÌËˇ, Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÷ÂÌÚ‡ÎÌÓÚÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡
‚˙Ì¯ÌÓÔÓÎËÚË˜ÂÒÍÓÚÓ ‡ÁÛÁÌ‡‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ———– Á‡ ≈‚ÓÔ‡, 1950, „ÂÌÂ‡Î-Ï‡ÈÓ 1
flÌÂ‚, √ÂÓ„Ë ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ ÓÍ˙ÊÌÓ ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ Ã¬– ≠ ¡Û„‡Ò,
LIST OF DOCUMENTS
1. Report by Hristo Boev ≠ deputy director of State Security Directorate (SSD), So-
fia, June 12, 1950
(fund /f./of the Ministry of the Interior (MoI), sub-fund /s.f./1, inventory /i./ 1, archive unit /a.u./
1683, sheets /sh./ 1-8)
(Re: Talks between the Bulgarian and the Soviet delegations for the establishment of contacts
between the intelligence services of the Peopleís Republic of Bulgaria (PRB) and the USSR
held in Moscow on May 27, 1950)
2. Letter of S. I. Filatov to R. Hristozov, October 2, 1950
(f. MoI, s.f. 1, i. 5, a.u. 92, sh. 12-13)
(Re: The conditions and the procedure of provision and procurement for the two groups of
Soviet officers ≠ advisors at the MoI of the PRB in 1949 -1950)
3. Response letter of R. Hristozov to S. I. Filatov, 31 October 1950
467
(f. MoI, s.f. 1, i. 5, a.u. 92, sh. 14)
(Re.: Issues raised by the Soviet side regarding the procedure of procurement of the Soviet
officers ≠ advisors at the MoI of the PRB)
4. List of advisors from the staff of the senior advisor of the MoI of the USSR at the
MoI of the Republic of Bulgaria, July 1953
(f. MoI, s.f. 1, i. 5, a.u. 23, sh. 216-218)
(Re.: List of the aids on the staff of the senior advisors of the Ministry of the Interior of the
USSR sent on detail at the Ministry of the Interior of the PRB)
5. Notes on the measures for the improvement of the work of the state security bod-
ies of the PR of Bulgaria, 1953
(f. MoI, s.f. 1, i. 5, a.u. 23, sh. 198-206)
(Re.: Notes of the Soviet advisors on the measures needed to improve the work of the state
security bodies of the PR of Bulgaria to be used as a basis for the drafting of a concrete plan
for 1953)
6. Notes of the Minister of the Interior G. Tsankov on the multilateral meeting held
in Moscow on March 7, 1955
(f. MoI, s.f. 1, i. 5, a.u. 44, sh. 10-11, 33-37)
(Re.: Notes of the Minister of the Interior G. Tsankov on the multilateral meeting of the inte-
rior ministers and the directors of the security services of the USSR, the PRB, Poland,
Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Albania, GDR)
7. Report of Nedyu Cholakov on the Odessa meeting of functionaries from the water
and the railway transport of the USSR and PRB, 19 July 1958
(f. MoI, s.f. 2, i. 1, a.u. 1344, sh. 19-23)
(Re.: Bilateral meeting of functionaries from the water and the railway transport of the USSR
and the PRB on the initiative of the Soviet side, 15-17 July 1958, Odessa, USSR)
8. Measures for the further intensification of the coordination and interaction be-
tween the State Security of the PRB and the security organs of the USSR,
3 July 1959
(f. of the National Intelligence Service (NIS), s.f. 9, i. 2, a.u. 804, sh. 8-12)
(Re.: Measures and specific steps for joined and coordinated intelligence
activity of the security services of the PRB and the USSR against the ìmain enemyî ≠ the
USA and the other capitalist countries and their intelligence services)
9. Information of G. Kumbiliev before a meeting of the leadership of the Ministry of
the Interior, Sofia, August 11, 1959
(f. NIS, s.f. 9, i. 2, a.u. 803, sh. 142-170)
(Re.: Meeting of the leadership of the Ministry of the Interior held on August 11, 1959 to dis-
cuss the results of the visit of the Bulgarian delegation led by the Interior Minister to the Com-
mittee for State Security (KGB) of the USSR, Moscow)
10. Brief report on the implementation of the plan containing intelligence measures
designed jointly with the Soviet comrades, Sofia, August 13, 1960
(f. NIS, s.f. 9, i. 2, a.u. 804, sh. 48-49)
(Re.: Brief report of Major-General Gospodin Gochev, Head of the First Department of the
468 State Security on the implementation of the plan of intelligence measures designed jointly with
the KGB representatives, August 13, 1960)
11. Recorded discussion on the coordination of intelligence and counter-intelligence
measures some joint operations between the MoI of the Republic of Bulgaria and
the Committee for State Security (KGB) at the Council of Ministers of the USSR,
5 June 1961
(f. NIS, s.f. 9, i. 2, a.u. 804, sh. 74-81)
(Re.: Discussion between the leadership of the MoI of the PRB and the leadership of the KGB
regarding the coordination of the intelligence and counter-intelligence measures and the joint
implementation of some of them between the MoI of the PRB and the KGB at the Council of
Ministers of the USSR, 5 June 1961)
12. Report of Diko Dikov to Anton Yugov regarding the approval of an Agreement for
cooperation between the Committee for State Security (KGB) at the Council of
Ministers of the USSR and the Ministry of the Interior of the PRB, 5 July 1962
(f. MoI, s.f. 1, i. 7, a.u. 160, sh. 1-2)
(Re.: Proposal by Diko Dikov , Minister of the Interior, regarding the approval by the Council
of Ministers of the PRB of an Agreement for cooperation between the Committee for State
Security (KGB) at the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the Ministry of the Interior of
the PRB, July 1962)
13. Instruction No. C-1164 of the Council of Ministers (CoM) dated July 11, 1962 re-
garding the approval of agreement dated July 3, 1962
(f. MoI, s.f. 1, i. 7, a.u. 808, sh. 20-22)
(Re.: Instruction No. C-1164 of the of the CoM dated July 11, 1962 on the approval of agree-
ment dated July 3, 1962 for cooperation between the Committee for State Security (KGB) at
the Council of Ministers of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics and the Ministry of the
Interior of the Peopleís Republic of Bulgaria signed on July 3, 1962)
14. Transckript talks discussion between V.E. Semichastni and D. Dikov regarding
the results and the future cooperation between the KGB at the CoM of the USSR
and the MoI of the PRB, Moscow, May 17,1963
(f. NIS, s.f. 9, i. 2, a.u. 804, sh. 158-168)
(Re.: Discussion between V. E. Semichastni, Chairman of the KGB, and D. Dikov, Min-
ister of the Interior of the PRB, on the results and the future cooperation be-
tween the KGB at the CoM of the USSR and the MoI of the PRB in the
area of intelligence and counter-intelligence, and additional operative possibilities of the secret
services in expanding the coordination of actions in fields of common concern and in consoli-
dating mutual assistance)
15. Aide memoire on the talks between the delegations of the KGB at the CoM of the
USSR and the Committee for State Security (CSS) at the CoM of the PRB, Sofia,
November 29, 1965
(f. NIS, s.f. 9, i. 2, a.u. 806, sh. 33-35)
(Re.: Talks between the delegations of the KGB and the CSS held from 24 to 29 November
1965 in Sofia on the results and the future development of the cooperation between the secu-
rity authorities of the USSR and the PRB)
16. Information to Angel Solakov on the visit of a Bulgarian CSS delegation to the
Soviet Union and their meetings with the leadership of the KGB First Chief Di-
rectorate, March 18, 1966 469
(f. NSC, s.f. 9, i. 2, a.u. 806, sh. 129-141)
(Re.: Information from the Deputy Chairman of the CSS about the visit of a delegation from
the CSS First Department to the USSR and meetings held with the KGB Chairman
Semichastni, the leadership of the KGB First Chief Directorate and the heads of divisions in
the department)
17. Communique on the talks between the delegations of the Committee for State Se-
curity of the Peopleís Republic of Bulgaria and the Committee for State Security
(KGB) at the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Moscow, 6-12 May, 1968
(f. MoI, s.f. 1, i. 10, a.u. 912, sh. 1-4)
(Re.: Talks between the delegations of the CSS of the PRB and the KGB of the USSR on the
results of the cooperation between the authorities of state security of the two countries and
measures for its further development)
18. Plan for cooperation between the operative-technical authorities of the CSS of the
PRB and the KGB at the CoM of the USSR in the field of operative techniques for
the period 1968-1970
(f. MoI, s.f. 1, i. 10, a.u. 913, sh. 3-12)
(Re.: Plan for cooperation between the operative-technical departments of the KGB and the
CSS approved by the chairman of the CSS of the PRB on July 5, 1968)
19. Report of Dimitar Kyosev on a meeting with A. M. Saharovski on intelligence
matters, Sofia, March 4, 1969
(f. NIS, s.f. 9, i. 2, a.u. 812, sh. 17-20)
(Re.: A meeting on the margins of the official talks and meetings between Dimitar Kyosev,
head of the First Department of the State Security and Alexander Saharovski ≠ head of the
KGB First General Department (FGD) on the state of affairs in the Bulgarian intelligence, the
main issues of the operative intelligence activity and the organizational changes carried out in
the department at the end of 1968)
20. Agreement between the Government of the Peopleís Republic of Bulgaria and the
Government of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics on the establishment of
a secret protected telegraph line of communication between Sofia and
Moscow, Sofia, May 30, 1969
(f. MoI, s.f. 1, i. 10, a.u. 905, sh. 1-5)
(Re.: Agreement signed between the governments of the PRB and the USSR on the establish-
ment of a government secret protected telegraph line between Sofia and Moscow for the pur-
pose of a 24/7 exchange of communications and direct contact between the leaders of the Bul-
garian Communist Party and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and the two govern-
ments)
21. Protocol of the talks between the delegations of the Ministry of the Interior of the
Peopleís Republic of Bulgaria and the Committee for State Security (KGB) at the
Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union, Sofia, November 29, 1969
(f. NIS, s.f. 9, i. 2, a.u. 813, sh. 3-7 (old n. sh. 315-319)
(Re: Talks between the delegations of the MoI and the KGB on matters of cooperation be-
tween the security authorities of the two countries held from 27 to 29 November 1969 in Sofia)
470 22. Information No 724 regarding the talks held with the visiting KGB delegation led
by Y. Andropov, Sofia 24 December, 1969,
(f. NIS, f. 9, i. 2, a.u. 813, sh. 16-23)
(Re.: Talks between the leadership of the MoI of the PRB and the delegation of the Commit-
tee of State Security, KGB, of the USSR on matters related to the international environment,
the organization of the intelligence and counter-intelligence work and the relations among the
security authorities of the socialist countries, held in Sofia from 27 to 29 November 1969)
23. Matters raised by the First Chief Directorate (FCD) of the State Security (SS)
about the intelligence cooperation with the KGB, Sofia, 1971
(f. NIS, s.f. 9, i. 2, a.u. 815, sh. 1-3)
(Re.: Matters raised by the First General Department of the SS in connection with agreements
reached between Saharovski, head of the FCD of the KGB and Kyosev, head of the FCD of
the MoI about the interaction between the two intelligence services)
24. Agreement for cooperation between the Ministry of the Interior of the Peopleís
Republic of Bulgaria and and Committee for State Security (KGB) at the Council
of Ministers of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics, Sofia, April 8, 1972
(f. MoI, s.f. 1, i. 13, a.u. 10, sh. 1-8)
(Re.: Agreement concluded between the MoI of the PRB and the KGB of the USSR on the
development of the cooperation between the two institutions in the field of securing the state
security, the coordination and the unification of efforts in the struggle against the imperialist
countries and the subversive activity of the intelligence services of the enemy)
25. Perspective plan for the interaction between the intelligence services of the Com-
mittee for State Security (KGB) at the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union
and the Ministry of the Interior of the Peopleís Republic of Bulgaria for the pe-
riod 1972-1975, April 1972
(f. NIS, s.f. 9, i. 2, a.u. 816, sh. 1-19)
(Re.: Porspective plan for interaction between the intelligence services of the KGB at the CoM of the
Soviet Union and the MoI of the PRB during 1972-1975 with a view of further intensification of the
coordination and joint activity of the two intelligence services, signed by F. Mortin, head of
the FGD of the KGB and D. Kyosev, head of the FGD of the MoI)
26. Plan for counter-intelligence interaction between the KGB Second Chief Directo-
rate and the Second Chief Directorate of the Ministry of the Interior of the Peo-
pleís Republic of Bulgaria for the period 1972-1974, April 1972
(f. MoI, s.f. 1, i. 10, a.u. 1280, sh. 1-10)
(Re.: Plan for the interaction in the field of the counter-intelligence between the Second CD of
the KGB at the CoM of the Soviet Union and th Second CD of the MoI of the PRB for the
period 1972-1974 aimed at the further consolidation of cooperation and more efficient guaran-
teeing of state security)
27. Plan for interaction and practical cooperation in the field of counter-intelligence
between the KGB Fifth Directorate and the Sixth Directorate of the Ministry of
the Interior of the Peopleís Republic of Bulgaria for the period 1972-1974,
April 1972
(f. MoI, s.f. 1, i. 10, a.u. 1282, sh. 1-13) 471
(Re.: Plan for interaction and practical cooperation in the field of counter-intelligence between
the KGB Fifth Directorate Sixth Directorate of the MoI of the PRB for the period 1972-1974,
signed by F. Bobkov, head of the KGB Fifth Directorate and P. Stoyanov, head of the Sixth
Directorate of the MoI.)
28. Prospective plan for interaction between the military counter-intelligence services
of the KGB and the MoI of the Peopleís Republic of Bulgaria for the period 1972-
1975, Moscow, May 20, 1972
(f. MoI, s.f. 1, i. 10, a.u. 1281, sh. 1-5)
(Re.: Perspective plan for interaction between the military counter-intelligence services of the
KGB of the USSR and the MoI of the PRB for 1972-1975 and further exchange of experience
in Che-Ka activities (All-Russian Extraordinary Commission, the forerunner of KGB), of op-
erative information and for the elaboration of a system of interaction in a state of emergency,
signed by I. Ustinov, head of the Third Department of the KGB and V. Terziev, head of the
Third Department of the MoI)
29. Information about the work of the Seventh Department of the FCD of SS on the
implementation of the measures contained in the plan for interaction between the
FCD of SS and the FCD of KGB in the field of scientific and technological intelli-
gence (STI) in 1973, Sofia, March 9, 1974
(f. NIS, s.f. 9, i. 3, a.u. 163, sh. 107-110)
(Re.: Information about the implementation of the measures contained in the plan for interac-
tion between the FCD of SS and the FCD of KGB in the field of scientific and technological
intelligence (STI) in 1973)
30. Report on the visit of a group of executives from the KGB external surveillance
unit, Sofia, June 3, 1974
(f. MoI, s.f. 1, i. 10, a.u. 1051, sh. 90-95)
(Re.: Report of the head of the Second Department of SS on the visit of a group of executives
from the KGB Seventh Department for exchange of experience related to the organization and
working methods in the external surveillance of diplomats, temporary resident foreign nation-
als and Bulgarian nationals as target groups, as well as with regard to the
technical devices used and the analytical work done by the State
Security.)
31. Notes based on V.A. Kryuchkovís statement regarding the joint prospective plan,
Sofia, June 2, 1975
(f. NIS, s.f. 9, i. 3, a.u. 435, sh. 23-33)
(Re.: Notes taken on the basis of the statement of the head of the KGB FCD V.A.Kryuchkov
regarding the joint perspective plan, the political and the operative environment in the world,
the bilateral cooperation and the areas which need improvement; it is stated in the file inven-
tory that the notes are excerpts from Kryuchkovís written reports)
32. Prospective plan for the interaction between the services for external intelligence
of the Ministry of the Interior of the Peopleís Republic of Bulgaria and the Com-
mittee for State Security (KGB) at the Council of Ministers of the USSR for the
period 1975-1980, June 4, 1975
(f. NIS, s.f. 9, i. 3, a.u. 435, sh. 36-54)
472
(Re: Prospective plan for the interaction between the services for external intelligence of the
Ministry of the Interior of the Peopleís republic of Bulgaria and the Committee for State Secu-
rity (KGB) at the Council of Ministers of the USSR for the period 1975-1980 in the areas of
political intelligence, exchange of operative information, special operations, scientific and tech-
nological intelligence, external counter-intelligence, clandestine operations, activities on the
territory of the USSR and the PRB and other comprehensive operations)
33. Protocol on the results of the talks between the delegations of the Ministry of the
Interior of the Peopleís Republic of Bulgaria and the Committee for State Security
(KGB) at the Council of Ministers of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics,
June 1975
(f. MoI, s.f. 1, i. 13, a.u. 18, sh. 1-7)
(Re.: Talks held from 18 to 21 June 1975 in Moscow between the delegations of the MoI of
the PRB and the KGB of the USSR to analyse the results of the cooperation during the period
1972-1974 and to coordinate the tasks of the interaction between the security authorities of
both countries for the next period)
34. Information on the training of a group of MoI FCD officers in intelligence courses
in Moscow for the 1975/76 academic year, Moscow, July 22, 1976
(f. NIS, s.f. 9, i. 4a, a.u. 337, sh. 13-17)
(Re.: Information from T. Mordvintsev, head of the training course of a group of workers
from the FCD of the SS of the PRB in the intelligence courses in Moscow in the academic
1975/76 covering education in the theory and the practice of intelligence work abroad, basics
of Marxism-Leninism and education in the spirit of socialist internationalism)
35. Agreement on the system of integrated reporting of the information about the en-
emy, December 29, 1977
(f. AMoI, s.f. 8, i. 13a, a.u. 2, sh. 1-6)
(Re.: Agreement on the cooperation among the representatives of the state security services of
the Bulgaria, Hungary, the GDR, Republic of Cuba, Mongolia, Poland, USSR and CSSR in
applying the system of integrated reporting of the information about the enemy (SOUD)
36. Information on the state and the development of the information exchange be-
tween the Seventh Department of the FCD of SS and the STI Department of
the FCD of KGB in the period 1.01.1976 to 30.04.1978, 20 may, 1978
(f. NIS, s.f. 9, i. 3, a.u. 171, sh. 43-47)
(Re.: Information on the state and the development of the cooperation and information ex-
change between SS and KGB in the field of the scientific and technological intelligence in the
period 1976-1978)
37. Comprehensive plan for the interaction between the external intelligence services
of the MoI of the PRB and the KGB of the USSR regarding the organization of
intelligence operations against NATO in the period 1979-1980, copied excerpt of
February 1, 1979
(f. NIS, s.f. 9, i. 3, a.u. 209, sh. 1-3)
(Re.: Copied excerpt from the Comprehensive plan for the interaction between the external
intelligence services of the MoI of the PRB and the KGB of the USSR regarding the organiza-
tion of intelligence operations against NATO in the period 1979-1980, approved by the Bulgar-
ian side on November 21, 1978 and by the Soviet side ≠ on December 14, 1978) 473
38. Comprehensive plan for the joint work of the FCD of the MoI of the PRB and the
FCD of the KGB of the USSR against the USA for the period 1979-1980, copied
excerpt of february1, 1979
(f. NIS, s.f. 9, i. 3, a.u. 209, sh. 4-6)
(Re.: Copied excerpt from the Comprehensive plan for the joint work of the FCD of the MoI
of the PRB and the FCD of the KGB of the USSR in the sphere of special operations of the
political intelligence against the USA for the period 1979-1980)
39. Protocol of the talks between the heads of the operative-technical services of the
MoI of the PRB and the KGB of the USSR regarding the cooperation for the pe-
riod 1981-1982, Moscow, September 26, 1980
(f. MoI, s.f. 1, i. 13, a.u. 25, sh. 1-2)
(Re.: Protocol of the talks held between the heads of the operative-technical services of the
MoI of the PRB and the KGB of the USSR regarding their cooperation in the area of opera-
tive technology for the period 1981-1982)
40. Report on the implementation of the obligations under the System of integrated
reporting of the information about the enemy ≠ SOUD for 1980,
Sofia, February 4, 1981
(f. MoI, s.f. 8, i. 13a, a.u. 56, sh. 58-65)
(Re.: report of Nanka Serkedjieva, head of the Third Department of SS regarding the imple-
mentation of the obligations of SS for 1980 under the SOUD System of integrated reporting of
the information about the enemy, created at the end of the 70-ies.
41. Prospective plan for the interaction of the external intelligence services of the MoI
of the PRB and the KGB of the USSR for the period 1981-1985,
August 6, 1981
(f. NIS, s.f. 9, i. 4, a.u. 88, sh. 1-18)
(Re.: Prospective plan for the interaction of the external intelligence services of the MoI of the
PRB and the KGB of the USSR for the period 1981-1985 in the field of political intelligence,
special operations, scientific and technological intelligence, external counter-intelligence, clan-
destine intelligence, the work on the territory of the PRB and the USSR, and on other
matters related to the exchange of experience and the coordination of major
joint operations.)
42. Protocol on the results of the talks between delegations of the Ministry of the Inte-
rior of the Peopleís Republic of Bulgaria and the Committee for State Security
(KGB) of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics, Sofia, May 20, 1983
(f. NIS, s.f.9, i.4, a.u.91, sh.168-178)
(Re.: Talks held from 16 to 20 May 1983 in Sofia between the delegations of the MoI of the
PRB and the KGB of the USSR on the results of the cooperation carried out in the period
1976-1982 and on the coordination of the tasks of interaction between the security authorities
of the two countries for the next period.)
43. Plan for joint action with the KGB structures for the period 1983-1985,
Sofia, June 20, 1983
(f. MoI, s.f. 22, i. 1, a.u. 202, sh. 1-5)
(Re.: Plan for joint action and further improvement of the interaction between the KGB struc-
474 tures and division 02 of Department 06 of SS for the period 1983-1985)
44. Information on the discussion held during the meeting of Vladimir Kryuchkov,
Deputy Chairman of KGB and the head of the KGB FCD with a delegation of the
FCD of SS, November 19, 1984
(f. NIS, s.f. 9, i.4, a.u. 663, sh. 26-30)
(Re.: Information of D. Stankov, head of division 08 of the FGD of SS and M. Kolarov, head
of division 17 of the FGD of SS regarding a meeting of a delegation of the FGD of SS with Vl.
Kryuchkov, Deputy Chairman of KGB, on matters related to the joint work of the two intelli-
gence services in special operations in Albania, Moscow, November 1, 1984)
45. Report regarding the visit of a delegation of the KGB FCD,
Sofia, August 23, 1985
(f. NIS, s.f. 9, i. 4, a.u. 93, sh. 156-173)
(Re.: Report of V. Kotsev, head of the FCD, to D.Stoyanov, Minister of the Interior, regarding
the visit of a delegation of the KGB FCD, from 12 to 16 August 1985 to the PRB)
46. Prospective plan for the interaction between the external intelligence services of
the Ministry of the Interior of the PRB and the Committee for State Security
(KGB) of the USSR for the period 1986-1990, March 19, 1986
(f. NIS, s.f. 9, i. 4a, a.u. 40, sh. 1-19)
(Re: Prospective plan for the successful implementation of the tasks of the external intelli-
gence services of the MoI of the PRB and the KGB of the USSR, further improvement of the
efficiency of the intelligence activity, consolidation of the interaction and coordination of the
efforts of the State Security (SS) and the KGB mostly against the USA, NATO and China)
47. Main trends of interaction between the Second Chief Directorate of the PRB and
the KGB Second Chief Directorate for the period 1987-1991, April 14, 1987
(f. MoI, s.f. 1, i. 13, a.u. 77, sh. 1-5)
(Re.: Main trends of interaction between the Second General Department of the PRB and the
KGB Second Chief Directorate for the period 1987-1991 discussed and adopted in Moscow by
the delegations of the Second Chief Directorate of the SS of the MoI and the KGB Second
Chief Directorate from 9 to 13 March, 1987)
48. Agreement for cooperation between the Ministry of the Interior of the
Peopleís Republic of Bulgaria and the KGB of the Union of the Soviet
Socialist Republics, Moscow, December 6, 1988
(f. MoI, s.f. 1, i. 13, a.u. 84, sh. 1-10)
(Re.: Agreement for cooperation between the MoI of the PRB and the KGB of the USSR in
the field of state security by means of exchange of information, mutual assistance and joint
operative, technical, subversive, special and counter-propaganda operations, exchange of del-
egations and experience in the operative work, mutual procurement of special devices and
equipment, training assistance)
49. Lecture of Major-General L.V. Shebarshin, Deputy Chairman of the KGB of the
USSR and head of the KGB FCD before the executive body of the FCD of the
MoI, Sofia, June 23, 1989
(f. NIS, s.f. 9, i. 4a, a.u. 69a, sh. 158-178)
(Re.: Lecture of Major-General L.V. Shebarshin, Deputy Chairman of the KGB of the USSR
and head of the FCD of the KGB before the executive body of the FGD of the MoI on June
23, 1989 in Sofia on matters related to the trends in strengthening and expanding the coopera-
475
tion between the Bulgarian and the Soviet intelligence)
50. Instruction regarding the activities of the state security authorities in connection
with the SOUD System of integrated reporting of the information on the enemy,
Sofia, 1989
(f. MoI, s.f. 8, i. 13a, a.u. 8, sh. 76-98)
(Re.: Instruction regarding the activities of the state security authorities in connection with the
SOUD System of integrated reporting of the information on the enemy as a form of coopera-
tion, interaction and coordination among the security authorities of the socialist countries in
handling intelligence and counter-intelligence tasks; the original is in the Russian language)
51. Report to the Director of the National Intelligence Service regarding the visit of a
NIS delegation to Moscow, September 25, 1990
(F, NIS, s.f. 9, i. 4a, a.u. 479, volume 1, sh. 12-16)
(Re.: Report of B. Hrisimov, Head of the ìTraining and re-training of recruitsî Section to the
Director of the National Intelligence Service regarding a visit of a NIS delegation to Moscow
from 17 to 20.09.1990 under the intelligence training programme)
52. Letter of Kr. Samandjiev, First Deputy Minister of the Interior, to the Deputy
Chairman of the KGB and Head of the FCD Leonid Vladimirovich Shebarshin
regarding the termination of the participation of the MoI in SOUD,
February 5, 1991
(f. MoI, s.f. 8, i. 13a, a.u. 50, sh. 31-32)
(Re.: Letter of Kr. Samandjiev, First Deputy Minister of the Interior, to the Deputy Chairman
of the KGB and Head of the FCD Leonid Vladimirovich Shebarshin regarding the occurrence
of significant changes in the political and the operative environment in the world and the ensu-
ing thereby termination of the participation of the MoI in SOUD)
53. Report of Major-General Rumen Toshkov, Director of the National Intelligence
Service regarding a meeting with representatives of the KGB ≠ USSR,
March 22, 1991
(F, NIS, s.f. 9, i. 4a, a.u. 69a, sh. 99-102)
(Re.: Report of Major-General Rumen Toshkov, Director of the National Intelligence Service
regarding a meeting with representatives of the KGB-USSR for an analysis of the cardinal
changes in the bilateral relations and the changes in the internal political situation in
Bulgaria, and the ensuing need to review the forms, the methods and the
scope of the cooperation between the two intelligence services)
476
√¡ Ë ƒ— ≠
‚˙ÁÍË Ë Á‡‚ËÒËÏÓÒÚË
ƒÓÍÛÏÂÌÚ‡ÎÂÌ Ò·ÓÌËÍ
(1950-1991 „.)
œ ˙  ‚ Ó Ë Á ‰ ‡ Ì Ë Â
œÂ‰ÔÂ˜‡ÚÌ‡ ÔÓ‰„ÓÚÓ‚Í‡: Ã“-ÒÚÛ‰ËÓ

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На първа корица: Подписване на протокол за сътрудничество между МВР и КГБ
от министъра на вътрешните работи Димитър Стоянов (вдясно) и председателя
на КГБ Виктор Чебриков (вляво), София, 20 май 1983 г., фонд на Музея на МВР
Комисия за разкриване на документи
1950 - 1991
След шумна обществена дискусия
и продължително експертно проучване и за обявяване на принадлежност
на 19 декември 2006 г. бе приет Законът за достъп
и разкриване на документите и за обявяване на български граждани
на принадлежност на български граждани към към Държавна сигурност
и
Държавна сигурност и разузнавателните служби
ст
на Българската народна армия. и разузнавателните служби
Седемнадесет години след промените България на Българската
мо
стигна до съгласие: документите на бившите тайни
служби да бъдат събрани и съхранени за историята. народна армия
си
На 5 април 2007 г. 40-ото Народно събрание
поименно утвърди състава на 9-членна комисия,
ви
която да се заеме с изпълнението на закона.
Сред основните задължения на комисията,
за
в чл. 10 на закона е записано, че тя извършва
изследователска дейност и публикува документи.
Публикуването на служебни документи под
и
формата на факсимилета не само би облекчило
изследователите, но би спомогнало
ки
за съхраняването на оригиналите.
Сборникът “КГБ и ДС връзки и зависимости
ъз
(1950-1991 г.)” е първото издание от предстоящата
поредица на документални издания, включващи
вр
доскоро дълбоко засекретени документи,
съхранявани в архивите на различните звена
на бившите тайни служби.
After a noisy public discussion and a long period

of expert research on 19th December 2006 the Law
for Access and Disclosure of the documents and
announcement of affiliation of Bulgarian citizens to the
State Security and the Intelligence services of the
Bulgarian National Army was adopted.
Seventeen years after the changes Bulgaria reached
the agreement to collect the documents of the former
Secret Services, to protect and preserve them as history
and to give citizens access to them.
On 5th April 2007 the 40th National assembly elected and
confirmed name by name the members of a nine men
commission with the mission to put the Law into action.
One of the main obligations of the Commission,
as stated in art. 10 of the Law amongst many others
is to do scientific research and publish documents.
КГБ и ДС -
The publishing of official documents in the form of
facsimile will not only make researchers` work easier but
will help preserving the originals.
The collection ”KGB and the Bulgarian State Security
1
Services-connections and dependences (1950-1991)”
199
is the first in a series of future documentary publications
of originals, kept in the archives of the different agencies
of the former Secret Services.
Документален сборник
0
195

КГБ и ДС - връзки и зависимости

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КГБ и ДС - връзки и зависимости

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Комисия за разкриване на документи

After a noisy public discussion and a long period

Collection of Records (1950-1991)

Õ‡Û˜ÂÌ ÍÓÌÒÛÎÚ‡ÌÚ Ë ‡‚ÚÓ Ì‡ ÔÂ‰„Ó‚Ó‡

4 ‰Óˆ. ‰- …Ó‰‡Ì ¡¿≈¬

Editors’ and compilers’ body:

Tatyana KIRYAKOVA (editor in charge),

© ÓÏËÒËˇ Á‡ ‡ÁÍË‚‡ÌÂ Ì‡ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚË Ë Á‡ Ó·ˇ‚ˇ‚‡ÌÂ

1. ¬ÒÚ˙ÔÎÂÌËÂ ≠ “‡ÚˇÌ‡ ËˇÍÓ‚‡, ˜ÎÂÌ Ì‡ –ƒŒœ¡√ƒ—–—¡Õ¿,

2. œÂ‰„Ó‚Ó ≠ ‰Óˆ. ‰- …Ó‰‡Ì ¡‡Â‚, Ì‡Û˜ÂÌ ÍÓÌÒÛÎÚ‡ÌÚ ................................ 9

3. —ÔËÒ˙Í Ì‡ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚËÚÂ ...................................................................................... 22

4. ‘‡ÍÒËÏËÎÂÚ‡ Ì‡ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚËÚÂ ........................................................................... 28

5. —‡‚ÌËÚÂÎÌ‡ ÒÚÛÍÚÛ‡ Ì‡ √¡ (1954-1991 „.)

6. “ÂÏËÌË Ë Ò˙Í‡˘ÂÌËˇ .................................................................................... 452

7. »ÏÂÌÂÌ ÔÓÍ‡Á‡ÎÂˆ ............................................................................................. 456

8. —ÔËÒ˙Í Ì‡ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚËÚÂ Ò ‡ÌÓÚ‡ˆËË Ì‡ ‡Ì„ÎËÈÒÍË ÂÁËÍ ............................ 467

1. Foreword ≠ Tatyana Kiryakova, member of the CDDAABCSBNA,

2. Introduction ≠ associated professor dr. Jordan Baev, scientific consultant ........ 9

3. List of documents ................................................................................................... 22

4. Facsimile of documents ......................................................................................... 28

5. Comparative structure of KGB (1954-1991) and the Bulgarian

6. Terms and abbreviations ..................................................................................... 452

7. Index of names ..................................................................................................... 456

8. List of the documents with an English annotation ............................................ 467

¬‡ÊÂÌ ‡ÒÔÂÍÚ ÓÚ ‰ÂÈÌÓÒÚÚ‡ Ì‡ Ó- The Commission for Disclosing the

“‡ÚˇÌ‡ »–ﬂ Œ¬¿ Tatyana KIRYAKOVA

ƒÓˆ. ‰- …Ó‰‡Ì ¡¿≈¬

¬ ÔÓ‰˙ÎÊÂÌËÂ Ì‡ ÔÓ˜ÚË ÔÓÎÓ‚ËÌ ‚ÂÍ ¡˙Î„‡Ëˇ Â ‚ ìÒÙÂ‡Ú‡ Ì‡ ‚ÎËˇÌËÂî Ì‡

1. ƒÓÍÎ‡‰ ÓÚ ’. ¡ÓÂ‚ ≠ Á‡Ï.-‰ËÂÍÚÓ ƒƒ—, —ÓÙËˇ, 12 ˛ÌË 1950 „.

¿¡Õ ÷ÂÌÚ˙ Á‡ Ë‰ÂÓÎÓ„Ë˜ÂÒÍ‡ ‰Ë‚ÂÒËˇ 25, 32*

* ”Í‡Á‚‡ ÔÓÂ‰ÌÓÒÚÚ‡ Ì‡ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚ‡, ‚ ÍÓÈÚÓ ÒÂ ÒÂ˘‡ ÚÂÏËÌ˙Ú

¿·‡ÏÓ‚, »‚‡Ì œ‡‚ÎÓ‚Ë˜ ≠ Ì‡˜‡ÎÌËÍ Ì‡ V ÛÔ‡‚ÎÂÌËÂ Ì‡ √¡ (1983-1989) 42*

* ”Í‡Á‚‡ ÔÓÂ‰ÌÓÒÚÚ‡ Ì‡ ‰ÓÍÛÏÂÌÚ‡, ‚ ÍÓÈÚÓ ÒÂ ÒÂ˘‡ Ò˙ÓÚ‚ÂÚÌÓÚÓ ËÏÂ.

œÂ‰ÔÂ˜‡ÚÌ‡ ÔÓ‰„ÓÚÓ‚Í‡: Ã“-ÒÚÛ‰ËÓ

‘ÓÏ‡Ú 1/8 ÓÚ 64/90

œÂ˜‡Ú: ìƒËÈÓ ÔËÌÚî

After a noisy public discussion and a long period

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