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STEPS FOR DESIGING HEAT

EXCHANGER :
Step-1 :
Assume tube diameter and BWG, Assume
tube length,
For Diameter :
1.Longitudinal stresses
2.Hoop stresses
3.Joints
4.Corrosion factor(Material)
5.Stresses depending upon the velocity.
BRIMINGHAM WIRE GUAGE(BWG) is used to
find thickness.
For Length :
1.Heat transfer required.
2.Shell size distribution.

Step-2 :
Assume fouling factor based on inside and
outside tubes, hdi and hdo.
1.Resistance to heat flow
2.Decrease the overall heat transfer coefficient
3.Pressure drop
4.Mechanical performance

Rd 1/Ud-1/U———— (1)
Where
Rd=fouling factor.
Ud=Thermal conductance of heat
exchanger after fouling
U=Thermal conductance of clean
heat exchanger.

Step-3 :
Assume material of construction for
the tubes Δ E thermal conductivity.

1.Amount of heat transfer required

2.Expansion factor
3.Stresses
Step-4 :
Assume temperature at three points and
find fourth one.
Q=Mc× CPc× (ΔT)C=Mh× CPh× (ΔT)h——(2)

Step-5 :
Based on the type of flow, calculate Log
Mean Temperature Difference, LMTD
Use above Value and Calculate LMTD

LMTD for parallel flow arrangement :

ΔTin = (Thi-Tci)-(Tho-Tco)
–——————————— ................(3)
In (Thi-Tci / Tho-Tco)
LMTD for Counter flow arrangement :

ΔTin = (Thi-Tco)-(Tho-Tci)
–——————————— .................(4)
In (Thi-Tco / Tho-Tci)
Step-6 :
Correction factor :
It is function of shell and tube temperature
difference "S" is measure of temperature
efficiency
Step-7 :
Calculate the mean temperature difference
DTm=Ft×LMTD ------(5)
Step-8 :
Find overall heat transfer coefficient from
the table.
U
Step-9 :
Now use heat transfer coefficient and find
the area.
A = q/U.DTm------(6)

Step-10 :
Based on the assumed tube diameter and
tube length, L, calculate number of tubes
 Nt = A/πd⁰.L————(7)

Step-11 :
Calculate tube pitch and the bundle diameter
Db= d⁰(Nt/K1)¹/n1————(8)

Step-12 :
Provide/Assume the type of floating head
of the exchanger and obtain the bundle
diameter clearance, BDC.
Step-13 :
Calculate the shell diameter
Ds=Db+BDC————(9)
Step-14 :
Calculate the baffle spacing
Bs=4Ds————(10)
The minimum baffle spacing is the greater
of 50.8mm or one fifth of the inner shell
diameter.
The maximum baffle spacing is dependent
on material and size of tubes.
The main basic Heat Exchanger equation is :
Q=UxAxΔTm
The log mean temperature difference ΔTm is :
ΔTm = (T1-t2)-(T2-t1)
—————————
In (T1-t2) (T2-t1)
Where :
T1- Inlet tube side fluid temperature.
t2- shell side fluid temperature.
T2-Outlet tube side fluid temperature.
t1-Inlet shell side fluid temperature.

When used as a design equation to

calculate the required heat transfer
surface area, the equation can be
rearranged to become:
The main basic Heat Exchanger equation is :
A=Q/(UXΔTm)
Where:
A-Heat transfer area (m²) (ft³)
Q-Heat transfer rate (kJ/h)
U-Overall heat transfer coefficient (kJ/h.m².⁰C)
ΔTm-Log mean temperature difference (C).
TEMA Designation of Heatexchanger :