SPATIALLY ORGANIZED
and social threats rather than an efficient settlement arrangement. Thus, the Dutch
VERTICAL CITY AS A
SYNTHESIS OF TALL BUILDINGS
In the 20th century, ultra-large cities became a unique phenomenon rather
than simply vast living areas shared by huge numbers of people. The
society living in large urban agglomerations proved most sensitive to social
changes, while large cities themselves continued to evolve in line with the
outdated architectural principles. The key problems, among which there
were transport crisis and growing detachment between people or even
hostility of cities to their inhabitants, were increasingly aggravating, and the
attempts to resolve them using the then available planning techniques failed
to improve the quality of life, causing further crisis situations. The compact
city concept that surfaced yet in the 60s of the previous century was
among the first insights in the true needs of consumers. It was obvious that
the city is to remain human-scaled and comfortable regardless of its size.
Without slowing down their horizontal expansion, the cities started crawling
upward. But a simple change in the plane and vector of growth was
insufficient to reconcile citizens and cities. High-rise buildings offered by
large cities and, in a sense, becoming their identity elements greatly
simplified the settlement of growing population, but skyscrapers as they
now exist turned into «ivory towers» ineffective in helping people interact
with the city environment. In order to overcome this «isolation» and allow
high-rise structures to be active participants of the city life, it is necessary
not only to revise the architectural and urban planning principles and
techniques, but also to consider the means for connection with the city
plane and between parts of standalone buildings. The development and
introduction of air transport would have become a step change in improving
the functionality and appearance of large cities and resolved numerous
problems faced by urban planners today and in the future.
Many urban planners have come to see tall buildings as one of the major architectural
architect Jan Gehl underlines the extremely negative, in the social respect, architectural
elements of skyscrapers [10]. This is first of all isolation, both with regard to other
people and the city as a whole. Isolating people from the neighborhood and the city life,
skyscrapers provoke detachment and cause social differentiation. The «closed» system
of high-rise buildings does not help to extend social contacts and deforms the basic
urban life ideas for their inhabitants. The ultra-large scale basically falls outside the
pedestrian's perception.
A significant concentration of skyscrapers in one area disorients and creates a feeling
of a human-alien space. By changing the prevailing approach to urban planning and
deploying tall buildings within city space it is possible to at least neutralize the negative
aspects as described above.Figure 2 shows the transition from strictly floor-by-floor
planning to the «vertical spatial city» system. Even now many projects forbear strict
level-based division when a person living in the first floor can use the inner vertical
transport to reach the required floorand avoid interacting with the «bulk» of the building
(first diagram). The elaborated structure of the internal space allows organizing
platforms for social interaction, use of new functions and getting more diverse visual
impressions (second diagram).
A more sophisticated internal organization, penetrating through the structural
boundaries of a tall and mainly «smooth» building, imparts the necessary amount of
«porosity» by providing open zones inside the building normally used for green spaces.
This allows creating additional social platforms and differentiating the configuration of
tall buildings, but more important, combining the outer (urban) environment with the
inner building space. As a result, there is a certain effect of blurring boundaries
between architecture and the surrounding space. Such belts and areas inside buildings
stimulate the search for new engineering, structural and architectural solutions
changing the appearance and image of tall buildings (third diagram).
The comprehensive approach to urban development envisages «ensembles» of high-
rise structures in contrast to stand-alone skyscrapers [11]. Despite having functional
and visual cohesion, buildings may still need «hardwired» structural ties (fourth
diagram). Various functional bridges and passages, as well as certain protruding parts
of buildings, when mutually connected, encourage people traffic and provide additional
access to nearby structures.
 Coworking spaces have grown by over 1,000 percent over the span of a decade. Back in

THE GROWTH OF 2008, there were just 160 coworking spaces worldwide. A decade later, there were18,700
coworking spaces internationally. Within the next year and a half, coworking spaces are
forecasted to reach 26,300 spaces worldwide. The coworking space industry is built on
COWORKING SPACES buying and renting buildings, turning them into shared office spaces, and then renting out
space and amenities for a subscription fee.

Asia is at the top when compared to other continents based on the number of coworking
spaces per region. North America and Europe are second and third respectively on this
scale of global coworking spaces. The average size of a coworking area in North America
is 9,799 sq./ft., with a mean capability of 100 people that equates to roughly 100 sq./ft.
per person. In 2021, the United States ranked #1 for the foremost number of coworking
areas globally (3,762), followed by India (2,197) and therefore the UK (1,044).

72% of all coworking spaces become profitable

after more than two years in operation.

65% of people working in coworking spaces are

under the age of 40 years old.

60% of coworking space providers admit it's

challenging to sign up new members.
The global coworking spaces market size is expected decline from $9.27
billion in 2019 to $8.24 billion in 2020 at a compound annual growth rate
(CAGR) of -12.9%.

The decline is mainly due to economic slowdown across countries owing to

the COVID-19 outbreak and the measures to contain it.


The global coworking spaces market share is then expected to recover and
reach $11.52 billion in 2023 at CAGR of 11.8%.
STANDARDS AND REQUIREMENTS IN A CO WORKING SPACE -

WORKSPACE DIMENSIONS

The types of services you'll get in each of the co working places vary. To create an efficient, sustainable coworking space, you need to design appropriate
Opening hours. Some are 9-5 and some are 24 hours

workspace dimensions. People will gravitate to the type of space and membership plan
that gives them the room they need for howthey have to (or like to) work. If you offer
•Virtual office platform - Including a receptionist receiving visitors and calls more types of space, you can attract more types of professionals.

for you,a mailing address and so on.

Here are the basic modules used in Satellite Workspace locations:

•Conference room - A room for meetings (usually with clients)

Coworking station: 3-4 feet wide x 2 feet deep. The 2-foot dimension can be reduced
.
down to 20-22 inches to leave more open space. (2 foot is a standard dimension, but if
•Utilities - Microwaves, fridge, coffee machine.

you're making furniture, you can reduce this.)

•Different packages for stay - Some places are more flexible than others and The smallest coworking area we'd recommend is 20 inches x 36 inches if configured in a
offer packages of hours, half days, weeks and so on.

"library table" setup, with power down the middle of the table.

•Dedicated desk - A dedicated desk is exactly what is sounds like - a Dedicated desk: 2 feet x 5 feet with locking storage. Dedicated desks typically include a
workstation dedicated to one. Some places let you keep your own desk, in small filing cabinet attached to the desk.

others, you sit where it is available. (Flexi desks)

Workstation: 6 feet x 6 feet: Workstations have locking storage and a hardwired

• Dedicated rooms for small groups and teams.

connection. They also include a file cabinet underneath the desk and sometimes one
cabinet overhead, as well. They should also be able to have a phone connected. For our
•Basic office amenities such as chairs, desk, internet connections, Satellite locations, we like to custom design our workstations so they're beautiful, but
washrooms, air conditioning, etc.

you

•Hot-desks - A hot desk is similar to a dedicated desk in that you are paying cofiles: nenavibhaybe will frequently see smaller offices in coworking spaces, we work
for a desk in an open plan area. For this reason a hot desk is usually cheaper
with 8' x 10' for 1-2 person office and 10' x 12' for a 3-4 person office. Team rooms, for
than a dedicated desk.

larger groups, are important as well.

• Private meeting rooms.

•Kitchens with coffee and tea machines.

•Separate area for eating such as a cafeteria.

•No fixed work timings. You can work as and when you want as long as the
facility is open.

•Modern and futuristic design of the workspace provides a lot of positive

energy and vibes
We need to know the total space of the facilities themselves. How much space is
available determines how it can be split up and organized across different desking
arrangements.


According to Coworking Insights, the average size of a coworking space is 9,799 sq./ft.,
with an average capacity of 100 people. This equates to roughly 100 sq./ft. per person. If
a benching concept requires an average of 1,000 sq./ft., the average coworking facility
can accommodate nine separate benching areas, with space to spare. Likewise, if a four-
desk cluster averages 500 sq./ft., the average coworking space can accommodate six
clusters and six benching areas.
DATA COLLECTION