PROCBSE

Chapter 10
Light Reflection
and Refraction
PROCBSE Light Reflection and Refraction

1 Markers

Q1. Explain why a ray of light passing through the

centre of curvature of a concave mirror gets reflected
along the same path. [1M,2010,2017]

A ray of light passing through the centre of curvature

of a concave mirror falls on the mirror
along the normal to the reflecting surface. Hence, it
gets reflected along the same path following
the laws of reflection.

Q2. Why does a ray of light bend when it travels from

one medium into another? [1M,2009]

Ans 2. Light has different speeds in different media and

it takes such a path of propagation for which time taken
is minimum.

Q.3 What is the nature of the image formed by a

concave mirror if the magnification produced bythe
mirror is +3? [1M,2010]

The nature of the image formed by a concave mirror if

the magnification produced by the mirror is +3 is virtual,
erect and magnified.
PROCBSE Light Reflection and Refraction

2 Markers

Q1. An object of height 2.5 cm is placed at a distance

of 15 cm from the optical centre 'O' of a
convex lens of focal length 10 cm. Draw a ray diagram
to find the position and size of the image
formed. Mark optical 'O', principal focus F and height of
the image on the diagram.
[2M,2016, 2018]

Q2. If the image formed by a spherical mirror for all

positions of the object placed in front of it is
always erect and diminished, what type of mirror is it?
Draw a labelled ray diagram to support your
answer. [2M,2018,2010]

Convex mirror always forms a

virtual, erect and diminished
image of the object placed at
any position in front of the
mirror.
PROCBSE Light Reflection and Refraction

3 Markers

Q1. State the laws of refraction of light. Explain the

term 'absolute refractive of a medium' and
write an expression to relate it with the speed of light in
vacuum. [3M,2018,2009]

Laws of Refraction of light : Refraction of light follows

the following two laws :
First Law : The incident ray, the normal to the
transparent surface at the point of incidence and the
refracted ray, all lie in one and the same plane.
Second Law : The ratio of sine of the incidence angle to
the sine of the refracted angle of the
medium is called refractive index. It is denoted by n.
i.e., sin i/sin r = n
Refractive index of the second medium with respect to the
first medium is denoted by 2n1 . Thus, eq.
(i) can be written as
2n1 = sin i/sin r
This law is called Snell's law as it was stated by Prof.
Willebrord Snell (Dutch mathematician and
astronomer).
Absolute Refractive index : Absolute refractive index of a
medium is defined as the ratio of the
speed of light in vacuum or air to the speed of light in the
medium. It is denoted by n.
Then, n = c/v
It has no unit.
PROCBSE Light Reflection and Refraction

5 Markers
Q1. List the sign conventions for reflection of light by
spherical mirrors. Draw a diagram and apply these
conventions in the determination of focal length of a
spherical mirror which forms athree times magnified real
image of an object placed 16 cm in front of it. [5M,2012]

Sign conventions of spherical mirror :

(i) Object is always placed to the left of the mirror.
(ii) All distances are measured from the pole of the
mirror.
(iii) Distances measured in the direction of the incident
ray are positive and the distances
measured in the direction opposite to that of the incident
ray are negative.
(iv) Distances measured along the y-axis (upwards) above
the principal axis are positive and that
measured along the y-axis (downwards) below the principal
axis are negative.

Negative sign of focal

length implies that the focal
length is being measured
against the direction
of incident light and it is a
concave mirror.
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