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詹益慈說「可以背一下」或「你們要了解一下」的部分:

Chapter 1

1. 俗名:ethylene 乙烯、acetylene 乙炔。


2. 常見酸:

Acid Name pKa Conjugate base Name


-
CH3CH2OH Ethanol 16.00 CH3CH2O Ethoxide ion
-
H2O Water 15.74 HO Hydroxide ion
HCN Hydrocyanic acid 9.31 CN- Cyanide ion
-
CH3CO2H Acetic acid 4.76 CH3CO2 Acetate ion
3. C 上 H 的酸性(pKa)
(1) sp3: 50
(2) sp2: 44
(3) sp: 25

原因:s orbital 喜歡拉電子,所以 s 比例佔愈高的混成其 conjugate base 比


較穩定,酸度就愈高。

例外:e.g. acetone (sp2),有 resonance,其 1-C 的 H pKa = 19.3。

4. Electrophile & nucleophile 的定義(親電試劑、親核試劑)。

Chapter 2

1. All the functional groups showed in slides.(課本 p. 40~41)


(1) Thiol to disulfide [O]; disulfide to thiol [H].
2. A homologous series: each differs by a constant unit.
e.g. the methylene group, -CH2-
3. Strain-chain alkanes.

Cs Name Cs Name
1 Methane 9 Nonane
2 Ethane 10 Decane
3 Propane 11 Undecane
4 Butane 12 Dodecane
5 Pentane 13 Tridecane
6 Hexane 20 Icosane
7 Heptane 30 Triacontane
8 Octane
4. The abbr. of the alkyl groups from C1~C4:
Cs Name of alkyl group Abbr.
1 Methyl Me
2 Ethyl Et
3 Propyl Pr
4 Butyl Bu
5. Iso-, Neo-, Cyclo- should be used when alphabetizing.
6. Octane number: 100 for isooctane (2,2,4-trimethylpentane), 0 for heptane.
7. Staggered 比 eclipsed 穩定,12 kJ/mol.
8. Isomers 的 3 Cs:
(1) Constitutional isomers: different in C arranging.
(2) Configurational isomers: geometry, optical
(3) Conformational isomers: due to sigma bond rotation
9. Ring-flip 後的構形。

Chapter 3

1. 俗名:

Systematic name Common name Polymer


Ethene Ethylene PE
Propene Propylene PP
2-Methylpropene Isobutylene
2-Methylbuta-1,3-diene Isoprene
Chapter 4

1. Epoxidation: 利用 mCPBA (meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid) 作為催化劑形成


含氧的三元環,之後可以藉由 hydroxylation 轉變為 diol (acidic: trans-; basic:
cis-)。

2. Alkene polymers’ abbr. (Table 4.1)


「單體的結構跟它的 polymer 你要知道,例如我跟你說 ethylene,你要能夠畫出來。」
3. Lindlar catalyst: Pd-CaCO3 / Pb(OAc)2 / Quinoline

「如果說要請各位把這個寫下來,你要把這個裡面的成分寫下來,不要只寫 Lindlar
catalyst。」

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