MEASURES OF CENTRAL

TENDENCY OF
UNGROUPED DATA
Learning objectives
Define and differentiate each measures of central
tendency;
Calculate each measures of central tendency for a
given set of ungrouped data; and
Interpret the measures of central tendency in the
context of a real-world problem or scenario
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MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

Measures of central tendency are statistical values that indicate the

typical or average value of a set of data. They are used to describe
the center of a distribution, or the point around which the data tends
to cluster.
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Mean also known as the arithmetic average, is the sum of all the
values in the collection divided by the total number of elements in the
collection.

The sample mean, denoted by 𝑥ҧ (pronounced by “x” bar), is

calculated by using the sample data.
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Mean

1. It is the arithmetic average of the measurements in the data set.

2. There is only one mean for a data set.
3. Its value is influenced by extreme measurements.
4. It is applicable to quantitative data only.
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MEAN FORMULA:
𝑥1 +𝑥2 +𝑥3 +⋯+𝑥𝑛 σ𝑥 σ𝑛𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖
𝑥ҧ = =
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
Where 𝑛 represents the total number of values in the sample.
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ROUNDING RULE:

The mean should be rounded to one more decimal place than

occurs in the raw data.

For example, if the raw data are given in whole numbers, the mean
should be rounded to the nearest tenth. If the data are given in
tenths, the mean should be rounded to the nearest hundredth, and
so on.
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Singing Contest

Five judges give their scores on the performance of singer as follows.

Find the mean.

8 9 9 9 10

APPLICATION
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8 + 9 + 9 + 9 + 10
𝑥ҧ =
5
45
𝑥ҧ =
5
𝑥ҧ = 9
Therefore, the average score of the singer is 9.

APPLICATION
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COVID-19 Cases

The number of confirmed COVID-19 in Valenzuela cases for a 9-day

period is shown below. Find the mean.

4 46 98 115 88 44 73 48 62

APPLICATION
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4 + 46 + 98 + 115 + 88 + 44 + 73 + 48 + 62
𝑥ҧ =
9
578
𝑥ҧ =
9
𝑥ҧ = 64.2
Since we are finding for an average number of cases of COVID-19 and it is
referring to people, the answer must be in whole number.
Thus the mean is 64.

APPLICATION
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Result of Periodical Examination in Mathematics
Zara 46 17 33 37 29 40 23 34 32
Einstein 41 22 34 29 31 27 36 38 25
Ampere 43 41 43 24 31 32 28 25 27
Based on their mean scores, what section performed well in their
periodical examination?

APPLICATION
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Zara Einstein Ampere

291 283 294
𝑥ҧ = 𝑥ҧ = 𝑥ҧ =
9 9 9
𝑥ҧ = 32.3 𝑥ҧ = 31.4 𝑥ҧ = 32.7

Since section Ampere has the highest mean score, this section performed
well during the periodical examination.

APPLICATION
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2 MEDIAN LANG SA TABI-TABI

The median, denoted by 𝑥, ෤ is the halfway point in a data set. Before

you can find this point, the data must be arranged in ascending or
increasing order. When the data set is ordered, it is called a data
array.

The median either will be a specific value in the data set or will fall
between two values.
 MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
OF UNGROUPED DATA
Median

1. It is the central value, 50% of the measurements in the data

set lie above it, and 50% fall below it.
2. There is only one median for a data set.
3. It is not influenced by extreme measurements.
4. It is applicable to quantitative data only.
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Procedure for finding the median:

Step 1 Arrange the data values in ascending order.

Step 2 Determine the number of values in the data set.
Step 3 a. If 𝑛 is odd, select the middle data value as the median.
b. If 𝑛 is even, find the mean of the two middle values.
That is, add them and divide the sum by 2.
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Tablet Sales

The data show the number of tablet sales in millions of units for a 5-
year period. Find the median of the data.

108.2 17.6 159.8 69.8 222.6

APPLICATION
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Height students in a class

The heights of ten students in a class were surveyed in inches. Find

the median.

64, 69, 67, 62, 70, 66, 71, 65, 68, 63

APPLICATION
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The mode, denoted by 𝑥, ො is the value that occurs most often in the
data set. It is sometimes said to be the most typical case.

The mode is often used to describe data that is categorical or

discrete.
 MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
OF UNGROUPED DATA
Mode

1. It is the most frequent or probable measurement in the data

set.
2. There can be more than one mode for a data set.
3. It is not influenced by extreme measurements.
4. It is applicable to both qualitative and quantitative data.
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Blood Type of Students in a Class

The data show the blood type of 20 students in a class. Find the
mode.

A B A O AB
O A B A O
A B A AB O
B A AB B O

APPLICATION
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▪ A data set that has only one value that occurs with the greatest
frequency is said to be unimodal.
▪ If a data set has two values that occur with the same greatest
frequency, both values are considered to be the mode and the data
set is said to be bimodal.
▪ If a data set has more than two values that occur with the same
greatest frequency, each value is used as the mode, and the data set
is said to be multimodal.
▪ When no data value occurs more than once, the data set is said to
have no mode.
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Public Libraries

The data show the number of public libraries in a sample of eight

cities. Find the mode.

14 7 2 10 3 7 5 8

APPLICATION
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The data show the number of licensed teachers in each barangay in

Valenzuela for a recent 15-year period. Find the mode.

104 104 104 104 104

107 109 109 109 110
109 111 112 111 109

APPLICATION
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 MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
OF UNGROUPED DATA
Mean

1. It is the arithmetic average of the measurements in the data

set.
2. There is only one mean for a data set.
3. Its value is influenced by extreme measurements.
4. It is applicable to quantitative data only.
 MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
OF UNGROUPED DATA
Median

1. It is the central value, 50% of the measurements in the data

set lie above it, and 50% fall below it.
2. There is only one median for a data set.
3. It is not influenced by extreme measurements.
4. It is applicable to quantitative data only.
 MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
OF UNGROUPED DATA
Mode

1. It is the most frequent or probable measurement in the data

set.
2. There can be more than one mode for a data set.
3. It is not influenced by extreme measurements.
4. It is applicable to both qualitative and quantitative data.
 SEATWORK #1:

1. The grades in the third quarter of a student

are:

90 85 92 91 88 95 87 80

Find the mean, median, and mode.

 2. Ages of Students in a Class:

18, 19, 21, 22, 18, 20, 23, 20, 19, 20, 18, 22, 21,
20, 23

Find the mean, median, and mode.

 Because you have answered all the questions of King
Koopa correctly, I think we can call this a day already.

But before we say goodbye to each other, copy your

assignment.
assignment
Survey your classmates and ask them for their
daily allowance.

Afterwards, calculate the mean, median, and mode

of the gathered data.