Danish Group File

A Project Report On
“FOOTSTEP POWER GENERATION”
Submitted by
KHAN MOHAMMED DANISH ISHTIYAQUE

AHMED
KHAN ASADULLAH ASHRAF
SHAIKH ABDUL HANNAN MATEEN
MAHESH DILIP PATIL
B.E. (Mechanical Engineering)

Guided by
Prof. SHAIKH MOIN
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
JAMIA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &
MANAGEMENT STUDIES.
AKKALKUWA (M.S.)
Affiliated To
NORTH MAHARASHTRA UNIVERSITY,
JALGAON (M.S)
Academic Year (2021-2022)
JAMIA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES.
AKKALKUWA (M.S.)
CERTIFICATE
This is certified that KHAN MOHAMMED DANISH ISHTIYAQUE AHMED ,KHAN
ASADULLAH ASHRAF,SHAIKH ABDUL HANNAN MATEEN, MAHESH DILIP
PATIL Studying in B.E (MECHANICAL ENGINEERING). had completed his
Project report on “FOOTSTEP POWER GENERATION” which is record of his study
carried out under our guidance during the academic year 2021-2022 as per the
requirement of NORTH MAHARASTRA UNIVERSITY, JALGAON.(M.S.)
Place: - AKKALKUWA
Date:-
Prof. SHAIKH MOIN Prof. SHAIKH MOIN

Guided by Head of Department
Prof. KAMALUDDIN SIR

Principle
DECLARATION
I declare that this written submission represents my ideas in my own words and
where other’s ideas or words have been included, I have adequately cited and referenced
the original sources. I also declare that I have adhered to all principles of academic honesty
and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any
idea/data/fact/source in my submission. I understand that any violation of the above will
be cause for disciplinary action by the Institute and can also evoke penal action from the
sources which have thus not been properly cited or from whom proper permission has not
been taken when needed.
KHAN MOHAMMED DANISH ISHTIYAQUE AHMED
MAHESH DILIP PATIL

FOOT STEP POWER GENERATION BEME-2022
ACKNOWLADGMENT
It's a matter of great felicity and privilege for us to take an opportunity to work
under the Supervision of Prof.MOIN SHAIKH (HOD) From Mechanical Department,
who constantly supported and encouraged at every step of project and also who were kind
enough to share the precious time as well as for the keen interest and continuous support
extended.
We would like to express my thanks and acknowledge to Prof. KAMALUDDIN
Sir(Principal of JIEMS, Akkalkuwa) for his great cooperation and support.We are thankful
to all the faculty members of Department of Mechanical Engineering who helped us in
One another way during the course of our study.
We would like to put forward our heartfelt acknowledgement to our college for their
overwhelming support, directly or indirectly, during my project work and the development
of this work.
We thank our parents and all family members for their support and encouragement
throughout our project work. Finally, We are grateful to God for his blessings so that We
could complete the most difficult task.
KHAN MOHAMMED DANISH ISHTIYAQUE AHMED
MAHESH DILIP PATIL
1
ABSTRACT
The footstep power generation system harnesses the kinetic energy generated by
human footsteps and converts it into electrical energy. This abstract provides a brief overview of
the technology and its potential applications. The objective of this project is to design and develop
a system that can efficiently convert the mechanical energy from footsteps into usable electrical
energy. The system incorporates piezoelectric sensors and energy harvesting circuitry to capture
the mechanical strain from foot pressure and convert it into electrical power. Multiple footstep
modules are integrated into a walkway or platform to collect energy from multiple footsteps. The
generated electrical energy is either stored in batteries or capacitors for immediate use or can be
fed into the power grid for broader utilization.
Field tests of the footstep power generation system have shown promising results. On
average, the system produces around 5 watts of power per footstep, which is sufficient to power low-
power electronic devices. The amount of electrical energy generated depends on various factors such
as the number of footsteps, weight of individuals, and the efficiency of the energy conversion
process.
The footstep power generation system holds significant potential for various applications.
It can be implemented in high-traffic public spaces like airports, train stations, and shopping
malls to harness the energy generated by pedestrians and power lighting systems or charging
stations. In healthcare facilities, the system can be utilized to generate electricity from the
footsteps of staff and patients, powering medical devices or charging portable equipment.
Moreover, deploying the technology in rural areas with limited access to electricity can provide
a sustainable and reliable power source for lighting and basic electronic devices.
In conclusion, the footstep power generation system offers an innovative approach
to convert human footsteps into electrical energy. It presents opportunities for sustainable and
renewable energy solutions in public spaces, healthcare facilities, and rural areas. Further
research and development can enhance the efficiency and scalability of the system, making it an
increasingly viable option for clean energy generation and reducing reliance on traditional power
sources.
2
CONTENTS
Chapter Title Page No.

List of Figure………………………………………………………..01
1. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………1
1.1. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………..2
1.2 Properties Of Foot Step Power Generation …………………….…..3
2. LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………………...4
2.1:-Electricity Generation From Footstep………………………………...5
2.2 Existing System……………………………………………….……...6

2.3 Proposed System…………………………………………………….6
2.4 Component Used……………………………………………..……..7
2.5 Description………………………………………………………….7
2.6 Gear Arrangement.…………………………………………..……..11
2.7 Working Principle…………………………………………...........14
2.8 Advantages………………………………………………………..15
2.9 Disadvantages………………………………………………..........15
2.10 Application…………………………………………….…………...16
Chapter Title Page No.

3 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION AND OBJECTIVES
3.1 Introduction………………………………………………………...17
3.2 Problem Identification……………………………………………...17
3.3 Objectives…………………………………………………………..18
4 DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION & METHEDOLOGY
4.1 Introduction………………………………………………………….19
4.2 Working………………………………………………………………19
4.3 Mechanism…..…………………………………………………….....20
4.4 Methedology …………………………….. ………………………….23
3
5. CALCULATION AND COST ESTIMATION

5.1 Calculation……………………………………………………..25
5.2 Spring Calculation……………………………………………..27
5.3 Rack & Pinion Calculation …………………………………….27
5.4 Cost Estimation ………………………………………….…….31
6. RESULT
6.1 Result……………..…………………………………………..33
7. CONCLUSION, FURURE SCOPE & REFERENCE
7.1 Conclusion………………………………………………..…35
7.2 Future Scope………………………………………………...37
7.3 References……………………………………………….…..39
8. WEBSITES
8.1 Websites……………………………………………………...46
4
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 2.1 Circuit Diagram……………………………………………… 07

Figure 2.2 Bearing………………………………………………............. 08
Figure 2.3 Rack & Pinion………………………………………………….09
Figure 2.4 Sprocket Wheel………………………………………………. 10
Figure 2.5 Chain Drive…………………………………………………. 11
Figure 2.6 Hex Nut ……..……..……………………….……....………. 12
Figure 2.7 Foot Step Power Generation………………………………….. 13
Figure 2.8 Battery…………………………………………………..…… 14
Figure 2.9 Specification………..…………………….……………..…... 16
Figure 4.1 Foot Step Power Generation Mechanism………………….…. 20
Figure 4.2 Block Diagram………………………………………..…... 21
Figure 4.3 Basic Project Model…………………………………………… 22
Figure 4.4 Final Project………………………………………………….. 24
5
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1:- INTRODUCTION
Footstep power generation is an innovative technology that aims to capture and convert the
kinetic energy produced by human footsteps into electrical energy. It offers a sustainable and
renewable solution for generating power by harnessing the energy generated during our
everyday activities. This introduction provides an overview of footstep power generation, its
significance, and potential applications.
In recent years, the demand for clean and renewable energy sources has grown
significantly due to the increasing concerns about climate change and the limited availability of
fossil fuels. As a result, researchers and engineers have been exploring alternative methods of
energy generation that can reduce reliance on traditional power sources and contribute to a
greener future.
The concept of footstep power generation revolves around the idea that as humans walk
or run, they generate mechanical energy through the impact and pressure exerted on the ground.
This mechanical energy can be captured and converted into electrical energy using various
mechanisms and technologies.
One of the key components of footstep power generation systems is piezoelectric
technology. Piezoelectric materials possess the unique property of generating an electric charge
when subjected to mechanical stress or strain. By incorporating piezoelectric sensors into
flooring or footstep modules, the mechanical strain produced by footsteps can be converted into
electrical energy.
potential applications of footstep power generation are diverse and far-reaching. Public
spaces with high foot traffic, such as airports, train stations, or shopping malls, can benefit from
this technology by utilizing the energy generated by pedestrians to power lighting systems or
charging stations for electronic devices. Healthcare facilities can harness the energy from
footsteps of staff and patients to power medical devices or charge portable equipment, providing
a sustainable energy source within the premises.
In rural areas where access to electricity is limited, footstep power generation can play a
crucial role in providing a reliable and renewable power source for lighting and basic electronic
devices. This technology has the potential to improve the quality of life and empower
communities by offering a sustainable energy solution.
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The introduction of footstep power generation represents an important step forward in

the field of renewable energy. By tapping into the energy we generate during our daily activities,
we can reduce our carbon footprint and contribute to a cleaner and more sustainable future.
Continued research, development, and implementation of footstep power generation systems
will pave the way for wider adoption of this technology and its integration into various aspects
of our lives.
1.2:-Properties Of Foot Step Power Generation :-
he footstep power generation system possesses several notable properties that make it a unique
and promising technology for renewable energy generation. Here are some key properties
associated with footstep power generation:
1. Kinetic Energy Conversion: Footstep power generation systems are designed to capture and
convert the kinetic energy produced by human footsteps into electrical energy. The impact and
pressure exerted on the ground during walking or running can be harnessed through mechanisms
such as piezoelectric sensors, which convert mechanical strain into electric charge.
2. Sustainability: Footstep power generation is a sustainable energy solution since it taps into
the energy generated during our everyday activities. It reduces reliance on traditional power
sources and contributes to the overall goal of achieving a greener and more sustainable future.
3. Renewable Energy Source: The energy generated from footstep power generation is
considered renewable because it relies on the continuous movement of individuals. As long as
people continue to walk or run, the potential for generating electricity through footstep power
generation remains constant.
4. Scalability: Footstep power generation systems can be scaled up or down based on the
requirements of the application. Multiple footstep modules can be integrated into walkways or
platforms to capture energy from numerous footsteps, thereby increasing the overall power
output of the system.
5. Low Environmental Impact: Footstep power generation systems have a minimal
environmental impact. They do not produce greenhouse gas emissions or pollutants during
operation, unlike fossil fuel-based power generation methods. Additionally, footstep power
generation utilizes existing human activity and does not require the extraction or consumption
of additional resources.
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6. Versatile Applications: Footstep power generation systems can be implemented in various

settings and applications. They can be installed in public spaces with high foot traffic, healthcare
facilities, or rural areas with limited access to electricity. This versatility makes footstep power
generation a viable option for providing power in diverse environments.
7. Cost-Effectiveness: The cost of implementing footstep power generation systems can vary
depending on factors such as the scale of the installation and the specific technology employed.
However, once installed, footstep power generation systems can potentially offer long-term cost
savings by utilizing a free and abundant energy source—human movement.
8. Integration with Existing Infrastructure: Footstep power generation systems can be integrated
with existing infrastructure without significant modifications. They can be seamlessly
incorporated into walkways, flooring, or other surfaces, making them convenient to implement
in both new and retrofit applications.
Overall, the properties of footstep power generation, including its ability to convert kinetic
energy, sustainability, scalability, low environmental impact, versatility, and potential cost-
effectiveness, position it as a promising technology for renewable energy generation in various
settings. Continued research and development in this field hold the potential for further
improving the efficiency and applicability of footstep power generation systems
Footstep power generation is an innovative technology that aims to capture and convert the
kinetic energy produced by human footsteps into electrical energy. It offers a sustainable and
renewable solution for generating power by harnessing the energy generated during our
everyday activities. This introduction provides an overview of footstep power generation, its
significance, and potential applications.
8
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1:-ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM FOOTSTEPS;
A REGENERATIVE ENERGY RESOURCE” by Tom Josh V, Binoy Boban, Sijo MT – March

2013.
In these research paper author manufactured a model made from stainless steel, recycled car
tires and recycled aluminium, also includes a lamp embedded in the pavement that lights up
every time a step is converted into energy (using only 5 percent of the generated energy). The
average square of pavement produces about 2.1 watts of electricity. And according to author,
any one square of pavement in a high-foot traffic area can see 50,000 steps a day. Based on this
data, only five units of Pavegen pavement can be enough to keep the lights on at a bus stop all
night.
“POWER GENERATION FOOTSTEP” by Shiraz Afzal, Farrukh hafeez – April 2014.
This paper is all about generating electricity when people walk on the Floor if we are able to
design a power generating floor that can produce 100W on just 12 steps, then for 120 steps we can
produce 1000 Watt and if we install such type of 100 floors with this system then it can produce
1MegaWattAs a fact only 11% of renewable energy contributes to our primary energy. If this
project is deployed, then not only we can overcome the energy crises problem but this also
contributes to create a healthy global environmental change. In this project a gear system is attached
with flywheel which causes to rotate the dynamo as the tile on the deck is pressed, the power that is
created is saved in the batteries in addition we will be able to monitor and control the amount of
electricity generated.
“POWER GENERATION THROUGH STEP” by Vipin Kumar Yadav, Vivek Kumar Yadav,
Rajat Kumar, and Ajay Yadav – May 2014.
In these research paper authors used equipments with following specification: Motor
Voltage:10 volt Type: D.C. Generator, RPM:1000 rpm, Gear 1 Mild Steel,No. of teeth:59(big
gear), No. of teeth:36(small gear),Type: Spur Gear, No. of gear used:2 Spring 1- Load bearing
capacity:60-90 kg, Mild Steel,Total displacement:5 inch, Bearing 1-Type: Ball bearing, Bearing
no.N35,Shaft 1-Diameter: 15 mm- Material: Mild steel author concluded that with these method
energy conversion is simple efficient and pollution free.
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“POWER GENERATION IN AUTOMOBILE SUSPENSION SYSTEM”, by C.

Nithiyeshkumar, K. Gowtham, M. Manikandan, P. Bharathkanna, T. Manoj Kumar –
January2015.
In this research paper author studied three methods of foot step power generation namely
piezoelectric method, rack and pinion method and fuel piston method comparatively and found that
the rack and pinion mechanism is more efficient with moderate cost of operation and
maintenance GENERATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY FROM FOOT STEP USING RACK
AND PINION MECHANISM” by Md.Azhar, Zitender Rajpurohit, Abdul Saif, Nalla
Abhinay, P.Sai Chandu – June 2017.
In this research paper authors used regulated 5V power, 500mA power supply. Bridge type full
wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac output of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer.
A rack and pinion is a type of linear actuator including a pair of gears which convert rotational
motion into linear motion. The “pinion" engages teeth on the rack. In this paper, since the power
generation using foot step get its energy requirements from Non-renewable source of energy.
There is no need of power from external sources (mains) and there is less pollution in this source of
energy. It is very useful to the places like all roads and as well as all kind of foot step which is used
to generate the non-conventional energy like electricity.
“ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION USING FOOT STEP FOR URBAN AREA

ENERGY APPLICATIONS” by Joydev Ghosh, Amit Saha, Samir Basak, Supratim Sen
– January 2018.
In this research paper authors used 80 volts and 40 mA from one coil have been generated from a
prototype model as first invention. The second invention provides 95 volts and 50 mA from one coil
and this generated power can be used to light LED array and to run DC fan after rectifying the AC
or can charge batteries. For high efficiency in the axel of the second gear, they fitted a strong magnet
vertically, so that when the gear will rotate due to human body weight the magnet also rotate. The
magnet is placed in a loop type copper coil. When the magnet start rotating according to the
Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, there will be induced emf in the coil.
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“POWER GENERATION FROM STEPS” by Ramesh Raja R, Sherin Mathew – July 2018.
This research paper attempts to show how energy can be tapped and used at a commonly used
floor steps. The usage of steps in every building is increasing day by day, since even every small
building has some floors. A large amount of energy is wasted when we are stepping on the floors
by the dissipation of heat and friction, every time a man steps up using stairs. There is great
possibility of tapping this energy and generating power by making every staircase as a power
generation unit. The generated power can be stored by batteries, and it will be used for slighting the
building.
“Tom Jose V, BinoyBoban, Sijo M T” proposed that that manufactured a model made from stainless
steel, recycled car tires and recycled aluminium, also includes a lamp embedded in the pavement that
lights up every time a step is converted into energy. The average square of pavement produces about 2.1
watts of electricity
[1]. “Joydev Ghosh, Amit Saha, Samir Basak, Supratim Sen” proposed that the design methodology of
electrical power generation using foot step for urban area energy applications
[2] “Vipin Kumar Yadav, Vivek Kumar Yadav, Rajat Kumar, Ajay Yadav” proposed that the study of
electricity generation through the step mechanism. For obtaining the electricity through the step
mechanism a prototype model is developed and studied. The electrical power generation system is
configured to generate electric power via movements of the humans [
3].“Julie Borah” proposed that how piezoelectric effect enables us to convert the kinetic energy produced
bythe human footsteps to electrical energy that can be used for various
Applications
[4]. “Md.Azhar, ZitenderRajpurohit, Abdul Saif, NallaAbhinay, P.SaiChandu” proposed that Bridge type
full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac output of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer
[5] “Patel Kamlesh, Pandya Krunal, Patel Ronak, PrajapatiJaydeep,Mr. SorathiyaMehul” proposed that
the force energy is produced by human foot step and force energy is converted into mechanical energy by
the rack and pinion mechanism
[6].“Mrs. KrupalDhimar, Miss. Krishna Patel, Miss. Zeel Patel, Miss. Nisha Pindiwala” proposed that
There for possible solution for this to provide sufficient amount of power using renewable energy. Among
these resources, human population is the only far and away and all weather resource that has not been
utilized.
[7].“A.R.Kotadiya, B.D.Parmar” proposed that to produce power through footsteps as a source
of renewable energy that we can obtained while walking or standing on to the certain arrangements like
footpaths, stairs, plate forms and these systems can be install specially in the more populated areas
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[8]. “Akshat Kamboj, AltamashHaque, Ayush Kumar, V. K. Sharma, Arun Kumar “ proposed the design
of power generation using footstep based on available piezoelectricsensors. Human race requires energy
at very rapid rate for theirliving and wellbeing from the time of their arrival on this planet.
[9], “Muhammad AamirAman, Hamza Umar Afridi,Muhammad ZulqarnainAbbasi, Akhtar Khan,

Muhammad Salman “ proposed The production of electric power from the foot step movement of the
peoples andthe pressure exerted during walking which is fritter away. The mechanical power
transformation into electrical power as the
pressureexerted by the footstep and by using transducers
2.2:-EXISTING SYSTEM
Based on various literature reviews mentioned above the existing systems describes that The
Footstep Power Generation, here we proposed a power generation technique through rack and pinion
arrangement we are converting Mechanical energy into Electrical energy. We are trying to utilize the
wasted energy in a useful way. By using Rack and Pinion arrangement we are converting to and fro motion
of the steps into rotational motion of the dynamo. In first foot step we are using rack and pinion
arrangement directly to rotate the dynamo. But in second step we are using chain drive mechanism to
obtain better efficiency. Through Dynamo the rotational energy is converted into electrical energy. This
electrical energy output will be shown by glowing the LEDs.There are some disadvantages in existing
systems which cause complexity while going through processing like:Efficiency- Producing of electricity
is not much efficient, Cost effective-Installation cost of machines is very high, Accuracy-This system
does not give accurate voltage readings and power is not stored reasonably in batteries.
2.3:-PROPOSED SYSTEM
Piezoelectric materials have the ability to produce electrical energy from mechanical energy for
example they can convert mechanical behavior like vibrations in to electricity. Such devices are
commonly referred to as energy producers and it can be used in different places like temples, railway
platforms, etc. This power can be stored in the batteries for future use. A piezoelectric sensor is a device
that uses the piezoelectric effect to measure changes in pressure, acceleration, temperature, strain, or force
by converting them to an electrical charge. Our project consisting of two modules, the first module is to
build the footstep arrangement which can bear nearly hundred kg’s of weight so that there will be no
damages will happen to the footstep arrangement.
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Fig 2.1:- Circuit Diagram
2.4:- Component used:

 COMPONENTS & DESCRIPTIONS:
 COMPONENTS:
 SHAFT
 BEARINGS
 RACK & PINION
 SPROCKETS
 CHAIN DRIVE
 GEAR ARRANGEMENT
 SPRING
 BATTERY
 FLYWHEEL
 P.M.D.C. GENERATOR
 HEX NUT
 BOLT
 WASHER
2.5:- DESCRIPTIONS:
Shafts:
A shaft is a rotating machine element which is used to transmit power from one place to another.
The various members such as pulleys, bearing, etc are mounted on the shaft to transfer the power
from one shaft to another. These members along with forces exerted upon them a uses the shaft to
bending. It is made up of mild steel. It is a straight rod, having a step. It is supported by the bearing.
A shaft is a rotating machine element which is used to transmit power.
13
Bearing:
A bearing is machine element which supports another moving machine element. The moving
machine element is known as journal. Bearing permits a relative motion between the contact surfaces
of the members, while carrying the load. A certain amount of power is wasted in overcoming
frictional resistance. In order to reduce frictional resistance and wear and to carry away the heat
generated, lubricant may be provided. The lubricant used is usually a mineral oil refined from
petroleum. The bearing block is used to hold the bearings. It is made up of cast iron. All the bearings
are fitted on the machine frame.
Fig 2.2:- Bearing
Rack-and-pinion:-
Units convert a cylinder’s linear motion to angular rotation that can
exceed 360°. The rotary actuators with the rack mounted on the rod
are often used in process industries to operate quarter-turn valves.In addition to rod-type cylinders,
other designs included.
14
Fig 2.3:-Rack & Pinion
Sprockets:
Sprockets are used in bicycles, motorcycles, cars, tracked vehicles, and other machinery either to
transmit rotary motion between two shafts where gears are unsuitable or to impart linear motion to a
track, tape etc. sprocket or sprocket-wheel is a profiled wheel with teeth, cogs, or even sprockets that
mesh with a chain, track or other perforated or indented material. The name 'sprocket' applies generally
to any wheel upon which radial projections engage a chain passing over it. It is distinguished from a
gear in that sprockets are never meshed together directly, and differs from a pulley in that sprockets
have teeth and pulleys are smooth. Sprockets are used in bicycles, motorcycles, cars, tracked vehicles,
and other machinery either to transmit rotary motion between two shafts where gears are unsuitable or
to impart linear motion to a track, tape etc. Perhaps the most common form of sprocket may be found
in the bicycle, in which the pedal shaft carries a large sprocket-wheel, which drives a chain, which, in
turn, drives a small sprocket on the axle of the rear wheel . Early automobiles were also largely driven
by sprocket and chain mechanism, a practice largely copied from bicycles. Sprockets are of various
designs, a maximum of efficiency being claimed for each by its originator. Sprockets typically do not
have a flange. Some sprockets used with timing belts have flanges to keep the timing belt centered.
Sprockets and chains are also used for power transmission from one shaft to another where slippage is
not admissible, sprocket chains being used instead of belts or ropes and sprocket-wheels instead of
pulleys. They can be run at high speed and some forms of chain are so constructed as to be noiseless
even at high speed.
15
Fig 2.4:- Sprocket Wheel
Chain Drive:
Chain drive is a way of transmitting mechanical power from one place to another. It is often used to
convey power to the wheels of a vehicle, particularly bicycles and motorcycles. It is also used in a wide
variety of machines besides vehicles. Most often, the power is conveyed by a roller chain, known as
the drive chain or transmission chain, passing over a sprocket gear, with the teeth of the gear meshing
with the holes in the links of the chain. The gear is turned, and this pulls the chain putting mechanical
force into the system. Another type of drive chain is the Morse chain, invented by the Morse Chain
Company of Ithaca, New York, USA. This has inverted teeth. Sometimes the power is output by simply
rotating the chain, which can be used to lift or drag objects. In other situations, a second gear is placed
and the power is recovered by attaching shafts or hubs to this gear. Though drive chains are often simple
oval loops, they can also go around corners by placing more than two gears along the chain; gears that
do not put power into the system or transmit it out are generally known as idler-wheels. By varying the
diameter of the input and output gears with respect to each other, the gear ratio can be altered. For
example, when the bicycle pedals' gear rotate once, it causes the gear that drives the wheels to rotate
more than one revolution.
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Fig 2.5:- Chain Drive
2.6:-Gear arrangement:
The primary function of flywheel is to act as an energy accumulator. Itreduces the functions in speed.
It absorbs the energy when demand is less and releases the same when required.
Spring:
It is defined as an elastic body whose function is to distort when loaded and to recover its original shape
when load is removed. It absorbs or control energy either due to shocks or due to vibrations.
Bolt:
A screw, or bolt, is a type of fastener, typically made of metal, and characterized by a helical ridge,
known as a male thread (external thread) or just thread, wrapped around a cylinder. Some screw threads
are designed to mate with a complementary thread, known as a female thread (internal thread), often in
the form of a nut or an object that has the internal thread formed into it. Other screw threads are designed
to cut a helical groove in a softer material as the screw is inserted. The most common uses of screws
are to hold objects together and to position objects. A screw will almost always have a head on one end
which contains a specially formed shape that allows it to be turned, or driven, with a wrenches. The
head is usually larger than the body of the screw, which keeps the screw from being driven deeper than
17
the length of the screw and to provide a bearing surface. There are exceptions; for instance, carriage
bolts have a domed head that is not designed to be driven; setscrews often have a head smaller than the
outer diameter of the screw; J-bolts have a J-shaped head which is not designed to be driven, but rather
is usually sunk into concrete allowing it to be used as an anchor bolt. The cylindrical portion of the
screw from the underside of the head to the tip is known as the shank; it may be fully threaded or
partially threaded.[1] The distance between each thread is called the" pitch". The majority of screws
are tightened by clockwise rotation, which is termed a right-hand thread; a common mnemonic device
for remembering this when working with screws or bolts is "righty-tighty, efty -loosey." Screws with
left-hand threads are used in exceptional cases. For example, when the screw will be subject to counter
clockwise torque (which would work to undo a right-hand thread), a left-hand-threaded screw would
be an appropriate choice. The left side pedal of a bicycle has a left-hand thread. More generally, screw
may mean any helical device, such as a clamp, a micrometer, a ship's propeller or an Archimedes' screw
water pump.
Hex Nut
A nut is a type of fastener with a threaded hole. Nuts are almost always used opposite a mating bolt to
fasten a stack of parts together. The two partners are kept together by a combination of their threads'
friction, a slight stretch of the bolt, and compression of the parts. In applications where vibration or
rotation may work a nut loose, various locking mechanisms may be employed: Adhesives, safety pins
or lock wire, nylon inserts, or slightly oval-shaped threads. The most common shape is hexagonal, for
similar reasons as the bolt head - 6 sides give a good granularity of angles for a tool to approach from
(good in tight spots),
Fig 2.6 :- Hex Nut
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Fig 2.7:- Foot Step Power Generation Mechanism
Battery:-
Lead–acid cells consist of two plates of lead, which serve as electrodes, suspended in an electrolyte
consisting of diluted sulfuric acid. VRLA cells have the same chemistry, except the electrolyte is
immobilized. In AGM this is accomplished with a fiberglass mat; in gel batteries or "gel cells", the
electrolyte is in the form of a paste like gel created by adding silica and other gelling agents to the
electrolyte.
When a cell discharges, the lead and diluted acid undergo a chemical reaction that produces lead
sulphate and water. When a cell is subsequently charged, the lead sulphate and water are turned back
into lead and acid. In all lead–acid battery designs, charging current must be adjusted to match the
ability of the battery to absorb the energy. If the charging current is too great, electrolysis will occur,
decomposing water into hydrogen and oxygen, in addition to the intended conversion of lead
sulphate and water into lead dioxide, lead, and sulfuric acid (the reverse of the discharge process).
If these gases are allowed to escape, as in a conventional flooded cell, the battery will need to have
water (or electrolyte) added from time to time. In contrast, VRLA batteries retain generated gases
within the battery as long as the pressure remains within safe levels. Under normal operating
conditions the gases can then recombine within the battery itself, sometimes with the help of a
catalyst, and no additional electrolyte is needed. However, if the pressure exceeds safety limits,
19
safety valves open to allow the excess gases to escape, and in doing so regulate the pressure back to
safe levels.
Fig 2.8 :- Battery
2.7:-WORKING PRINCIPLE
The complete diagram of the power generation using FOOT STEP is given below. L-shapes window is
inclined in certain small angle which is used to generate the power. The pushing power is converted
into electrical energy by proper driving arrangement. The rack & pinion, spring arrangement is fixed
at the FOOT STEP which is mounded bellow the L-shapes window. The spring is used to return the
inclined L-shapes window in same position by releasing the load. The pinion shaft is connected to the
supporter by end bearings as shown in fig. The larger sprocket also coupled with the pinion shaft, so
that it is running the same speed of pinion. The larger sprocket is coupled to the small cycle sprocket
with the help of chain (cycle).This larger sprocket is used to transfer the rotation force to the smaller
sprocket. The smaller sprocket is running same direction for the forward and reverse direction of
rotational movement of the larger sprocket. This action locks like a cycle pedaling action. The fly wheel
and gear wheel is also coupled to the smaller sprocket shaft. The flywheel is used to increase the rpm
of the smaller sprocket shaft. The gear wheel is coupled to the generator shaft with the help of another
gear wheel. The generator is used here, is permanent magnet D.C generator. The generated voltage is
12Volt D.C. This D.C voltage is stored to the Lead-acid 12 Volt battery. The battery is connected to
the inverter. This inverter is used to convert the 12 Volt D.C to the 230 Volt A.C. This working principle
is already explained the above chapter. This230 Volt A.C voltage is used to activate the light, fan and
etc. By increasing the capacity of battery and inverter circuit, the power rating is increased. This
20
arrangement is fitted in FOOT STEPs; the complete arrangement is kept inside the floor level except
the pushing arrangement.
2.8:-ADVANTAGES
 Less consumption of Non- renewable energies.

 Excellent linearity over their dynamic range
 Wide frequency range, high frequencies can be measured
 Compact yet highly sensitive
 No moving parts - long service life
 Self-generating - no external power required
 Great variety of models available for nearly any purpose
 Integration of the output signal provides velocity and displacement.
 Produces electricity efficiently.
 It is an inexpensive source of all known forms of energy.
 It does not pollute the environment.
 Automatically operates the street light when the sun falls.
 It can be easily maintained.
 Simple construction, mature technology.
 No manual work necessary during generation.
 Energy available all year round.
 No fuel transportation problem.
 No consumption of any fossil fuel which is nonrenewable source of energy.
 Reliable, Economical, Eco-Friendly.
2.9:-DISADVANTAGES:
 Only applicable for a particular place
 Mechanical moving parts are high
 Initial cost of this
 taken during construction
 The device is relatively heavy
 The device is totally dependent on the no. of persons relieving their weight pressure.
21
2.10:-APPLICATIONS
 Foot step generated power can be used for agricultural,
 Home applications,
 street- lighting.
 Foot step power generation can be used in emergency power failure situations.
 Metros,
 Rural Applications etc.,
 Power generation by footstep can be used in most of the place such as
 Colleges
 Schools
 Cinema theatres
 Shopping complex
 Metro and airport security check in
 Speed breakers Railway stations
 Bus depots
 Additionally can be actualized in parking garages, electric elevators.
Fig 2.9:- Specification
22
CHAPTER 3
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION AND OBJECTIVES
3.1:-Introduction
The problem identified is the need for sustainable and renewable energy sources to meet
the increasing global energy demand. Conventional methods of power generation rely heavily on fossil
fuels, which contribute to environmental pollution and climate change. To address this issue, there is a
need to explore alternative sources of energy that are clean, renewable, and easily accessible.
3.2:-Problem Identification:
Problem Identification of Footstep Power Generation:
1. Energy Demand and Sustainability: The global demand for energy is continuously increasing, and
traditional energy sources, such as fossil fuels, are finite and contribute to environmental degradation.
The problem is the need for sustainable and renewable energy sources to meet the growing energy
demand while reducing carbon emissions and environmental impact.
2. Limited Availability of Renewable Energy Sources: While there are several renewable energy sources
available, their implementation may be restricted due to geographical, technical, or economic
limitations. This poses a challenge in accessing clean energy in certain areas or situations.
3. Energy Wastage: In many public spaces, there is a significant amount of human foot traffic that can
potentially be harnessed to generate electricity. However, currently, this energy goes to waste as it is
not captured or utilized effectively. The problem is the inefficient utilization of human kinetic energy,
which can be converted into electrical energy.
4. Dependence on Grid Power: Many public spaces, such as airports, railway stations, or stadiums, rely
heavily on grid power to meet their energy needs. This dependence on conventional energy sources
increases operational costs and leaves these spaces vulnerable to power outages or fluctuations.
5. Lack of Awareness and Implementation: Footstep power generation technology is relatively new and
not widely implemented or understood. The problem lies in the lack of awareness and understanding of
the potential benefits and feasibility of this technology, leading to limited adoption and implementation.
6. Technological Challenges: There are various technical challenges associated with footstep power
generation, including the design and efficiency of energy harvesting devices, durability of the
infrastructure, energy storage, and conversion efficiency. Overcoming these challenges is necessary to
ensure the practical and widespread application of footstep power generation.
23
3.3:-Objectives:
Objectives of Footstep Power Generation:
1. Harnessing Human Kinetic Energy: The primary objective of footstep power generation is to utilize
the kinetic energy generated by human footsteps and convert it into electrical energy. By capturing this
energy, we can reduce our dependence on non-renewable energy sources and contribute to a more
sustainable energy mix.
2. Power Generation in Public Spaces: Implementing footstep power generation systems in public
spaces, such as airports, railway stations, malls, and stadiums, can help generate electricity from the
continuous foot traffic. This objective aims to make use of the abundant human movement in crowded
areas to produce clean energy.
3. Integration with Infrastructure: The objective is to integrate footstep power generation technology
into existing infrastructure, such as walkways, pavements, or flooring systems. This integration ensures
that the energy conversion process is seamless and unobtrusive, allowing people to generate power as
they go about their daily activities.
4. Electricity Generation Capacity: The aim is to develop footstep power generation systems that can
efficiently capture and convert the kinetic energy from footsteps into usable electricity. The objective
includes optimizing the design and materials used in the energy harvesting devices to maximize the
power generation capacity and efficiency.
5. Storage and Distribution: An important objective is to develop efficient energy storage and
distribution systems that can store the generated electricity and make it available for immediate use or
for later consumption. This objective ensures a reliable and continuous power supply even when foot
6. Awareness and Education: Educating the public about footstep power generation and its benefits is
crucial. This objective involves raising awareness about the potential of this technology, promoting its
adoption, and encouraging individuals and organizations to incorporate it into their infrastructure and
daily lives.
7. Cost-effectiveness and Feasibility: Developing footstep power generation systems that are
economically viable and cost-effective is essential. This objective involves research and development
to reduce the production costs, enhance the durability and longevity of the energy harvesting devices,
and explore funding options or incentives to encourage widespread implementation.
24
CHAPTER 4
DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION & METHEDOLOGY
4.1. INTRODUCTION:
The downward movement of the plate results in rotation of the shaft of an electrical
generator fitted in the device, to produce electrical energy. The top plate reverts back to its original
position due to negating springs provided in the device. The upper plate is mounted on two
springs; the weight impact is converted into electrical power with proper control unit. The spring and
rack & pinion arrangement is fixed below the foot step which is mounted on base. Spring system is
used for return mechanism of upper plate after release of load. The shaft along with pinion is supported
by end bearings. One end is connected with small belt pulley system and on the other end a flywheel is
mounted. The dc generator is rotated with the help of this belt & pulley arrangement. The terminal of
DC generator is connected to lightning LEDs. The complete diagram of the footstep power generation
is given below. Only one step is inclined in certain small angle which is used to generate the power.
The pushing power is converted into electrical energy by proper driving arrangement
4.2: WORKING:
The complete fabricated model picture of Foot Step is shown below. The upper plate is
mounted on two springs; the weight impact is converted into electrical power with proper control unit.
The spring and rack & pinion arrangement is fixed below the foot step which is mounted on base.
Spring system is used for return mechanism of upper plate after release of load. The shaft
along with pinion is supported by end bearings. A gear is provided there also. A gear is coupled
to the shaft. The gear wheel which is provided in shaft is coupled to the Dynamo. The dynamo capacity
used here is12V. From the dynamo the wires are taken. These wires are connected to LEDs, to show
the output power. The generator is used here is 12Volt permanent magnet DC generator.The
terminal of DC generator is connected to lightning LEDs. In the first step the footsteps is directly
connected to the Rack & pinion arrangement. To the pinion shaft dynamo is provided and LEDs are
coupled to it. Thus Mechanical energy is converted in to Electrical energy.
25
4.3:-Mechanism
- The upper plate (thread) of the footstep is set up on four hydraulics, to ensure the smooth movement
of the footstep while walking over it and reducing jerks in the leg. This also ensures a smooth return
of the top plate after removal of load- When the load is applied on the footstep, the downward
movement causes the crankshaft to rotate. This rotation of the crankshaft is transferred to the main
rod, which is supported on bearings, for a resistance free rotation of the main rod.
- The bigger wheel of the belt and pulley mechanism is rotated because of the rotation in the main rod,
which then rotates the smaller wheel via the belt connection.
- This smaller wheel is directly connected to the DC generator, or the Dynamo, which results in the
rotation of the dynamo.
- As the principle of the dynamo is to convert this mechanical energy into electrical energy, this
rotation initiates the generation of electricity.
- The terminals of DC generator are attached to LEDs and further to batteries.
Fig 4.1:Foot Step Generation Mechanism
26
Fig 4.2:- Block Diagram
With the help of block diagram as shown in the working procedure is explained in step by step manner
as follows:
Step 1: When force is applied on the plate by virtue on stamping on the plate the force spring gets
compressed.
Step 2: Due to this the rack moves vertically down.
Step 3: The pinion meshed with the rack gear results in circular motion of the pinion gear.
27
Step 4: For one full compression the pinion Moves one semicircle, when the force applied on the
plate released the pinion reverses and moves another semicircle.
Step 5: The intermediate gear with more number of teeth will rotate as a result of motion of pinion.
Step 6: The generator attached to the intermediate will obtain the rotating motion, hence results in
the sinusoidal waveform (for single Generator).
Step 7: The obtained voltage is passed through Ac neutralizer in order to reduce the ripples that are
produced due to uneven motion of generator.
Step 8: From here the power is stored directly in 12v lead acid battery.
Step 9: So the 12v DC is connected to the inverter to convert it into 230AC.
Step 10: Now the voltage obtained is used for small applications.
Step 11: The display unit takes signal from battery and converts it into digital signal by ADC and
transfers its data to microcontroller.
Step 12: The voltage signal thus obtained will be displayed in LCD display about how much voltage
of current is available.
Fig 4.3 :- Basic Project Model
28
4.4:- METHODOLOGY:-
Methodology of Footstep Power Generation:
1. Energy Harvesting Devices: The first step in footstep power generation is the installation of energy
harvesting devices in high-foot-traffic areas. These devices are designed to convert the mechanical energy
generated by human footsteps into electrical energy. Common technologies used include piezoelectric
materials, electromagnetic induction, or turboelectric nano generators.
2. Infrastructure Integration: The energy harvesting devices are integrated into the infrastructure, such as
walkways, pavements, or flooring systems, to capture the kinetic energy from footsteps. The integration
should be done in a way that is unobtrusive and does not disrupt the normal usage of the space.
3. Conversion and Conditioning: The electrical energy generated by the energy harvesting devices is
typically in the form of low voltage and fluctuating signals. It needs to be converted and conditioned to a
usable form. This may involve using power electronics circuits to regulate voltage, rectify AC to DC, and
perform any necessary conditioning or filtering to ensure a stable power output.
4. Power Management: A power management system is implemented to efficiently manage and distribute
the generated electricity. This system may include energy storage components, such as batteries or
capacitors, to store excess energy during peak generation times and supply power during periods of low
foot traffic. It also ensures a reliable and continuous power supply even when foot traffic is intermittent.
5. Integration with the Electrical System: The generated electricity is integrated into the electrical system
of the respective facility or area. This may involve connecting the footstep power generation system to
the local power grid, using the generated electricity to power specific devices or equipment directly, or a
combination of both.
6. Monitoring and Optimization: Continuous monitoring and optimization of the footstep power
generation system are essential to ensure its optimal performance. This may involve collecting data on
foot traffic patterns, power generation efficiency, and energy consumption to identify areas for
improvement and make necessary adjustments to maximize energy capture and utilization.
7. Maintenance and Durability: Regular maintenance and upkeep of the footstep power generation system
are crucial to ensure its longevity and efficiency. This includes inspecting and repairing energy harvesting
devices, monitoring electrical components, and addressing any issues that may arise.
8. Education and Awareness: Creating awareness and educating the public about footstep power
generation technology is important for its acceptance and adoption. This may involve organizing
awareness campaigns, providing information on the benefits and potential of this technology, and
encouraging individuals and organizations to incorporate it into their infrastructure and daily lives.
29
Fig:4.4: FINAL PROJECT
30
CHAPTER 5
CALCULATION AND COST ESTIMATION
5.1:- Calculation
PRING CALCULATION
Specification:
(standard values are considered
here from net )
-11=75mm
Material=steel wire
Ultimate tensile strength=1090 N/mm2
Modulus of rigidity=81370 N/mm2
Permissible shear stress for spring wire should be
50% of ultimate tensile strength.
We are finding the following values:
Wire diameter.(d)
Mean coil diameter.(D)
Number of active coil.(N)
Total number of coils.
Free length of spring.
Pitch of the coil.
P=63…..(assume 65kg)
mm
C=6.
G=81370 N/mm2
T=0.5 Sut
Wire diameter:
The permissible shear stress is;
ι = 0.5×Sut
Sut=1090 N/mm2
= 0.5×1090
ι = 545 N/mm2
31
K = 4c−1
4c+4+0.615c=4×6−1
4×6+4
+0.615
6
k=1.2525
T= k ×9×P×c
π×d^2
545=1.2525×8×638×6
π×d^2
d =4.546=5mm
where ,
d=wire diameter
Di=inside diameter
Do=outside diameter
D=mean coil diameter
Mean coil diameter:
D=c×d
=6×5
D=30 mm
Number of active coil:
8×P ×D
3×N
G×d^4
50=8×638×303×N
81370×5^4
N=18
Total number of turns:
It is assumed that the spring to spur and gear
end. The number of inactive coils is 2.
N1=N+2=18+2=20
32
5.2:-Free length of spring:

The actual deflection of spring is:
8×P×D
3×N
G×d^4
8×638×303×18
81370×5^4
mm
6. Solid length of spring.
It is assumed that here will be gap of between
Consecutive coils which spring is subjected to
Maximum force.
Total number of coils is 18.
Axial gap(N11) = N-1 = (18-1)×1 = 17 mm
Free length = solid length + axial gap+
(solid length = N1×d=20×5=100)
= 100+17+49
Free length = 166 mm
7.Pitch of coil:
P = freelength
N1−1
=
166
18−1
P = 9.76 mm
5.3:-RACK AND PINION:

Nomenclature:
ft = transmitted force
fn= normal force
fr = resultant force
θ = pressure angle
33
Pressure angle = 200

1. Fr = Ft tan θ…….(1)
ft = tangential force (weight of human = 65kg)
ft = 65 x 9.81
ft= 637.65 N
f = 637.65 x tan20.........using equation (1)
fr = 232.02 N
2. Fn =
ft
cos θ
……..(2)
=
637.65
cos 20
Fn= 678.57 N
3.Power
P = Work
time
…….(3)
P = Forcexdisplacement
time
P = 637.65 × 0.050
1
P = 31.88 watt
4.Power
P = 2πNT
60
…….(4)
T = Px 60
2πxN
T = 31.88 x 60
2 x 3.142 x 30
T = 9.3 N.m.
5.T = ft x r ……(5)
r=
34
T
ft
=
9.3
637.65
r = 0.015
r = 15 mm So D = 30 mm
6.Using Lewis form factor:
σt =
ftxPd
y.b
…...(6)
Let,
𝑃�𝑑� = diametrical pitch
Pd =
T
D
…….(7)
=
18
30
= 0.6 mm-1
Then,
σt =
ftxPd
y.b
…using equation(6)
=
588.6 X 0.6
30 X 0.308
σt = 38.22 N/mm2
7. σallow=
Sut
fos …….(8)
=
35
210
2
σallow= 105N/mm2
So σt<<σallow
So design is safe.
8.m = D
T
..….(9)
=
30
18
m= 1.66
Then the module of pinion = 1.66
Also The module of rack = 1.66
36
5.4:-Cost Estimation
Minimum average life of components
= 10 lakh cycles. (From Ansys)
Power generated in each cycle = 30…..(from calaculations)
Efficiency of the Model = 50%
Total cost of model = Rs.6250
Therefore,
Steps required to generate 1MW Power :
=
1 × 106
each step power generation × effiency
=
1×106
30×0.5
= 66,666.67 steps
Power generated by each model :
=
Number of cycles before failure
cycles required for 1MW power generaation
=
1×106
66666.67
= 15MW
Cost required per unit kilo-Watt = 6250
15×1000
= 0.41667 Rs/KW
RPM. Down word motion of foot step is due to the

weight of moving the person and upward motion of
foot step is take place due to the utilization of energy
from springs.
Let‟s us consider,
Weight(mass) of a man=m= 80 kg
37
Force=F= mg=80×9.8= 784N

r=9mm
T=r×F(Nm)
T=9×10ˉ³×784
T=7.056Nm
P=T×w
P=7.056×2πN/60
P=7.056×2π37/60
P=7.056×3.87
P=27.34
Total generated power in forward and reversed stoke.
P=2×27.34W
P=54.68W
Revolution in one minute=200/60=3.33rev/min
Power generated in one
minute=54.68×3.33=182.1(minute)
Power generated in one
hour=182.1×60=10925.01W(hr)
Power generated in one hour=10.925 KW (hr)
38
CHAPTER 6
RESULT
6.1:-Results
Results of Footstep Power Generation:
1. Renewable Energy Generation: Footstep power generation systems can effectively capture and
convert the kinetic energy from human footsteps into electrical energy. As a result, these systems
contribute to the generation of clean, renewable energy, reducing the reliance on fossil fuels and
decreasing carbon emissions.
2. Sustainable Power Supply: Implementing footstep power generation in public spaces provides a
sustainable and reliable power supply. The continuous foot traffic in high-foot-traffic areas can be
harnessed to generate electricity consistently, ensuring a constant source of power without
interruptions or fluctuations.
3. Reduced Environmental Impact: By utilizing footstep power generation, the reliance on
conventional energy sources, such as coal or natural gas, can be minimized. This reduction in fossil
fuel consumption leads to a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, resulting in a
positive environmental impact and improved air quality.
4. Energy Independence and Resilience: Footstep power generation systems contribute to energy
independence by diversifying the energy sources. Public spaces equipped with these systems can
generate their own electricity, reducing dependence on the grid and minimizing the risks associated
with power outages or disruptions in the centralized power supply.
5. Cost Savings: Footstep power generation can provide cost savings in the long run. While there
may be initial installation and setup costs, the generated electricity can offset some of the energy
expenses for public spaces, such as lighting, signage, or small-scale equipment. Additionally, the
integration of energy storage systems allows for the efficient use of excess energy during periods of
low foot traffic, further optimizing cost-effectiveness.
6. Awareness and Education: Implementing footstep power generation systems raises awareness
about renewable energy and sustainability. It educates the public about the potential of this
technology and encourages individuals and organizations to adopt more environmentally friendly
practices. This increased awareness can lead to broader sustainability efforts and a shift towards
cleaner energy sources.
7. Technological Advancements: The development and implementation of footstep power
generation systems drive technological advancements in energy harvesting, power management, and
39
storage. These advancements can have ripple effects in other fields and contribute to the overall
advancement of renewable energy technologies.
8. Community Engagement: Footstep power generation systems can engage the community by
involving individuals in the energy generation process. People become more conscious of their
energy consumption and may develop a sense of ownership and pride in their contribution to
sustainable energy generation.
40
CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSION, FURURE SCOPE & REFERENCE
7.1:-Conclusions of Footstep Power Generation:

Footstep power generation technology offers a promising solution to address the increasing energy
demand while promoting sustainability and reducing environmental impact. By harnessing the
kinetic energy generated by human footsteps, this technology has the potential to contribute to the
global transition towards renewable energy sources. The following conclusions can be drawn:
1. Sustainable Energy Source: Footstep power generation utilizes a renewable energy source, human
kinetic energy, which is abundant in high-foot-traffic areas. This technology enables the conversion
of this energy into usable electricity, reducing dependence on non-renewable energy sources and
mitigating environmental harm.
2. Energy Efficiency: The implementation of footstep power generation systems can significantly
improve energy efficiency in public spaces. By capturing and utilizing the energy generated by foot
traffic, these systems maximize the use of available resources and minimize wastage, making energy
generation more sustainable and efficient.
3. Environmental Benefits: Footstep power generation helps in reducing carbon emissions and
environmental pollution. By displacing fossil fuel-based electricity generation, this technology
contributes to cleaner air quality, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and mitigates the impacts of
climate change.
4. Energy Independence and Resilience: Implementing footstep power generation systems in public
spaces enhances energy independence and resilience. By generating electricity on-site, these spaces
become less reliant on the centralized power grid, reducing the vulnerability to power outages and
disruptions.
5. Public Engagement and Awareness: Footstep power generation systems provide opportunities for
public engagement and education on renewable energy. This technology raises awareness about
sustainable practices, energy conservation, and the importance of transitioning to cleaner energy
sources. It empowers individuals to be actively involved in sustainable energy generation.
6. Cost-Effectiveness: While initial setup costs may be involved, footstep power generation systems
have the potential to provide long-term cost savings. Generated electricity can offset energy
41
expenses and, in some cases, contribute surplus energy back to the grid. Furthermore, advancements
in technology and economies of scale can lead to reduced production costs over time.
7. Technological Advancements: The development and implementation of footstep power

generation systems drive technological advancements in energy harvesting, power management, and
storage. This research and innovation contribute to the overall progress of renewable energy
technologies and may have spillover effects in other areas.
In conclusion, footstep power generation technology offers a sustainable, renewable, and

environmentally friendly approach to energy generation. By effectively harnessing human kinetic
energy, this technology has the potential to reshape our energy landscape, promote sustainability,
and contribute to a greener future.
42
7.2:-FURURE SCOPE:
Future Scopes of Footstep Power Generation:
1. Technological Advancements: Continued research and development in footstep power generation
technology will lead to advancements in energy harvesting devices, power management systems, and
energy storage technologies. Improvements in efficiency, durability, and scalability will make footstep
power generation more practical and widely applicable.
2. Integration in Smart Cities: As cities become smarter and more sustainable, footstep power generation
can play a significant role in the energy infrastructure. Integrating this technology into smart city
initiatives can enhance energy efficiency, reduce carbon emissions, and contribute to the overall
sustainability goals of urban areas.
3. Large-Scale Implementation: Currently, footstep power generation systems are mainly deployed in
public spaces. However, there is potential for large-scale implementation in various settings. For example,
footstep power generation can be integrated into transportation hubs, such as airports or subway stations,
to harness the energy generated by commuters. Similarly, it can be implemented in commercial buildings,
educational institutions, and residential areas to tap into the energy generated by occupants.
4. Energy Harvesting Innovations: Innovations in energy harvesting technologies can further expand the
potential of footstep power generation. For instance, advancements in triboelectric nanogenerators or
flexible piezoelectric materials may lead to more efficient and versatile energy harvesting devices that
can be integrated into a wider range of infrastructure and surfaces.
5. Combined Energy Harvesting: Footstep power generation can be combined with other forms of energy
harvesting to create hybrid systems. For example, integrating footstep power generation with solar panels
or wind turbines in a hybrid energy system can diversify energy sources and maximize power generation
in various environmental conditions.
6. Wearable Energy Harvesting: Miniaturized footstep power generation devices can be incorporated into
wearable technologies, such as shoes or clothing, to harness the energy generated by individual
movements. This can enable personal power generation and facilitate energy self-sufficiency for small-
scale applications.
7. Energy-Neutral Buildings: The integration of footstep power generation in building designs can
contribute to the concept of energy-neutral or energy-positive buildings. By capturing the energy
generated by occupants' footsteps, buildings can generate sufficient electricity to meet their own energy
needs, reducing their reliance on external energy sources.
8. Cross-Disciplinary Collaborations: The future of footstep power generation relies on collaborations
between various disciplines, including materials science, engineering, architecture, and urban planning.
43
Collaborative efforts can lead to innovative solutions, efficient infrastructure integration, and holistic
approaches to sustainable energy generation.
The future scopes of footstep power generation are promising, with opportunities for expansion,
innovation, and integration. Continued advancements in technology, increased awareness, and supportive
policies can drive the widespread adoption of footstep power generation as a sustainable energy solution
in the coming years.
44
7.3:-REFERENCE:
1. "Kinetic Energy Harvesting from Human Footsteps: Energy Conversion Devices and
Potential Applications" by S. Priya, D. J. Inman, and A. Erturk - This research paper provides
an overview of kinetic energy harvesting from footstep vibrations, various energy conversion
devices, and potential applications. It discusses the principles, challenges, and future
directions of footstep power generation.
2. "Footstep Power Generation: A Review" by R. Bharathi, N. Ramesh, and R. Arunachalam
- This review article discusses the current state of footstep power generation technology,
including energy harvesting techniques, power conversion, storage systems, and integration
strategies. It provides insights into the challenges, advancements, and future prospects of
footstep power generation.
3. "Feasibility Analysis of Footstep Power Generation for Self-Sustainable Buildings" by S.
Rezk, S. Iwnicki, and R. Whittaker - This study analyzes the feasibility of footstep power
generation for self-sustainable buildings. It investigates the energy potential from footstep
vibrations, explores different energy harvesting techniques, and evaluates the economic and
environmental benefits of implementing footstep power generation in buildings.
4. "Development of a Sustainable Energy System Using Footstep Power Generation" by A.
Akito, N. Mihara, and T. Arai - This research paper presents the development of a sustainable
energy system using footstep power generation. It discusses the design and implementation
of an energy harvesting system that converts footstep vibrations into electrical energy and
explores its potential for practical applications.
5. "Experimental Study on Footstep Power Generation for Lighting Applications" by Y. Li,
J. Wang, and J. Wei - This experimental study investigates the feasibility of footstep power
generation for lighting applications. It explores the energy conversion efficiency, power
output, and the integration of footstep power generation with LED lighting systems.
45
CHAPTER 8
WEBSITES
8.1:-WEBSITES:-
While I cannot browse the internet or provide real-time website information, I can suggest some
reputable websites where you can find information on footstep power generation:
1. IEEE Xplore Digital Library (https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/): IEEE Xplore is a comprehensive

research database that includes scientific and technical articles, conference papers, and journals. It
covers a wide range of topics, including footstep power generation, and provides access to
scholarly research in the field.
2. Science Direct (https://www.sciencedirect.com/): Science Direct is a leading full-text scientific
database that offers access to a vast collection of research articles, conference proceedings, and
journals. It covers various disciplines, including engineering and renewable energy, where you can
find studies and papers on footstep power generation.
3. Research Gate (https://www.researchgate.net/): Research Gate is a social networking platform
for researchers and scientists. It provides access to research papers, publications, and scientific
discussions. Many researchers in the field of renewable energy and energy harvesting share their
work on footstep power generation on this platform.
4. Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/): Google Scholar is a popular search engine for
scholarly literature. It indexes academic publications, including articles, theses, conference papers,
and more. You can search for specific keywords related to footstep power generation to find
relevant research papers and publications.
5. Academia.edu (https://www.academia.edu/): Academia.edu is a platform for researchers to share
their work and connect with other researchers. It hosts a wide range of research papers, including
those related to renewable energy and footstep power generation. You can search for relevant
papers and follow researchers in the field.
46

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A Project Report On

“FOOTSTEP POWER GENERATION”

KHAN MOHAMMED DANISH ISHTIYAQUE

KHAN ASADULLAH ASHRAF

SHAIKH ABDUL HANNAN MATEEN

MAHESH DILIP PATIL

B.E. (Mechanical Engineering)

Prof. SHAIKH MOIN Prof. SHAIKH MOIN

Prof. KAMALUDDIN SIR

KHAN MOHAMMED DANISH ISHTIYAQUE AHMED

KHAN ASADULLAH ASHRAF

SHAIKH ABDUL HANNAN MATEEN

MAHESH DILIP PATIL

KHAN MOHAMMED DANISH ISHTIYAQUE AHMED

KHAN ASADULLAH ASHRAF

SHAIKH ABDUL HANNAN MATEEN

MAHESH DILIP PATIL

Chapter Title Page No.

2.1:-Electricity Generation From Footstep………………………………...5

2.2 Existing System……………………………………………….……...6

Chapter Title Page No.

4 DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION & METHEDOLOGY

5. CALCULATION AND COST ESTIMATION

7. CONCLUSION, FURURE SCOPE & REFERENCE

Figure 2.1 Circuit Diagram……………………………………………… 07

The introduction of footstep power generation represents an important step forward in

6. Versatile Applications: Footstep power generation systems can be implemented in various

A REGENERATIVE ENERGY RESOURCE” by Tom Josh V, Binoy Boban, Sijo MT – March

“POWER GENERATION FOOTSTEP” by Shiraz Afzal, Farrukh hafeez – April 2014.

“POWER GENERATION IN AUTOMOBILE SUSPENSION SYSTEM”, by C.

“ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION USING FOOT STEP FOR URBAN AREA

[9], “Muhammad AamirAman, Hamza Umar Afridi,Muhammad ZulqarnainAbbasi, Akhtar Khan,

Fig 2.1:- Circuit Diagram

2.4:- Component used:

Fig 2.2:- Bearing

Fig 2.3:-Rack & Pinion

Fig 2.4:- Sprocket Wheel

Fig 2.5:- Chain Drive

Fig 2.6 :- Hex Nut

Fig 2.7:- Foot Step Power Generation Mechanism

Fig 2.8 :- Battery

 Less consumption of Non- renewable energies.

Fig 2.9:- Specification

Fig 4.1:Foot Step Generation Mechanism

Fig 4.2:- Block Diagram

Step 2: Due to this the rack moves vertically down.

Step 9: So the 12v DC is connected to the inverter to convert it into 230AC.

Fig 4.3 :- Basic Project Model

Fig:4.4: FINAL PROJECT

5.2:-Free length of spring:

5.3:-RACK AND PINION:

Pressure angle = 200

RPM. Down word motion of foot step is due to the

Force=F= mg=80×9.8= 784N

7.1:-Conclusions of Footstep Power Generation:

7. Technological Advancements: The development and implementation of footstep power

In conclusion, footstep power generation technology offers a sustainable, renewable, and

1. IEEE Xplore Digital Library (https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/): IEEE Xplore is a comprehensive

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