Construction equipments-IESGATEWiz - 220126 - 220856

Lecture on Construction Equipment’s
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CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENTS
1. EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
2. HAULING EQUIPMENT
3. HOISTING EQUIPMENT
4. CONVEYING EQUIPMENT
5. AGGREGATE AND CONCRETE PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT
6. PILE DRIVING EQUIPMENT
7. TUNNELING AND ROCK DRILLING EQUIPMENT
8. PUMPING AND DEWATERING EQUIPMENT
9. DREDGING EQUIPMENT
2
Construction Equipments
FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OF
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
 USE OF EQUIPMENT AVAILABLE WITH THE ORGANIZATION
 SUITABILITY FOR JOB CONDITION WITH SPECIAL

REFERENCE TO CLIMATIC AND OPERATING CONDITIONS
 UNIFORMITY OF TYPE
 SIZE OF EQUIPMENT
 USE OF STANDARD EQUIPMENT
 COUNTRY OF ORIGIN
 UNIT COST OF PRODUCTION
 AVAILABILITY OF SPARE PARTS AND SELECTION OF

MANUFACTURERS
 SUITABILITY OF LOCAL LABOUR FOR OPERATION

EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENTS:
The equipment which perform excavation,
digging of large quantities of earth , moving them to
distances , placement , compacting, leveling,
dozing, grading, hauling etc., are called earth
moving equipment.
CLASSIFICATION:
 EXCAVATING EQUIPMENT
 EXCAVATING AND EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
4
FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OF EARTH
MOVING EQUIPMENT
 VOLUME OF MATERIAL TO BE REMOVED
 HEIGHT OF THE EXCAVATION
 DISPOSAL OF THE EXCAVATED MATERIAL
 DISTANCE OF EXCAVATION SITE TO HAULING UNITS
 MATERIAL TO BE REMOVED FROM SITE
 TYPE OF SOIL TO BE EXCAVATED
 DUARATION OF PROJECT (FOR EXCAVATION)

TYPES OF EARTH EXCAVATION
EQUIPMENTS
1. POWER SHOVEL
2. BACK HOE
3. DRAG LINE
4. CLAM SHELL
6
POWER SHOVEL
 LONG-LASTING.
 EXCAVATE ALL TYPES OF EARTH EXCEPT HARD ROCK

TYPES:
 WHEEL MOUNTED (HIGH SPEED - FIRM GROUND)
 CRAWLER MOUNTED (LOW SPEED - UNSTABLE SOIL)

BASIC PARTS:
* TRACK SYSTEM * CABIN
* CABLES * RACK & STICK
* BOOM FOOT PIN * SADDLE BLOCK
* BOOM POINT SHEAVE * BUCKET ( Size = .375 m3 to 5 m3)
7
POWER SHOVEL
OPERATION:
CABLE CONTROLLED & IT MAKES OUTWARD STROKES WHILE DIGGING.
APPLICATIONS:
CLOSE RANGE OF WORK.
VERY HARD MATERIALS, BIG SIZED BOULDERS.
DIGGING IN GRAVEL BANKS, CLAY PITS, CUTS IN ROAD WORKS, ROAD

SIDE BERMS Etc.,
FACTORS CONTROLLING OUTPUT:

* CLASS OF MATERIAL * DEPTH OF CUTTING
* ANGLE OF SWING * SKILL OF OPERATOR
* SIZE OF HAULING UNITS * JOB CONDITION
8
POWER SHOVEL
9
POWER SHOVEL
10
POWER SHOVEL
11
BACK HOE
• ALSO TERMED AS HOE, BACK SHOVEL AND PULL SHOVEL.
• USED TO EXCAVATE BELOW THE SURFACE OF EQUIPMENT - IT CAVES INTO THE

GROUND.
BASIC PARTS:
* BOOM * JACK BOOM
* BOOM FOOT DRUM * BOOM SHEAVE
* STICK, BUCKET * BUCKET SHEAVE

OPERATION:
• SIMILAR TO SHOVEL EXCEPT IT MAKES INWARD STROKES WHILE DIGGING.
APPLICATION:
• DIGGING BELOW MACHINE LEVEL LIKE TRENCHES, FOOTINGS, BASEMENTS.
• TO TRIM THE SURFACE (DRESSING).
12
BACK HOE
13
BACK HOE
14
BACK HOE
15
DRAG LINE
• The drag line is so name because of its prominent
operation of dragging the bucket against the material to
be dug.
• Unlike the shovel, it has a long light crane boom and the
bucket is loosely attached to the boom through cables.
• Because of this construction, a dragline can dig and

dump over larger distances than a shovel can do.
• Drag lines are useful for digging below its track level and
handling softer materials.
16
DRAG LINE
BASIC PARTS:
* BOOM * HOIST CABLE
* DRAG CABLE * HOIST CHAIN
* DRAG CHAIN * BUCKET
APPLICATIONS:
o Dragging softer material and below its track level
o It is very useful for excavating trenches when the sides are

permitted to establish their angle of repose without shoring.
o It has long reaches.
o Excavation for canals and depositing on the embankment

without hauling units.
17
DRAG LINE
FACTORS CONTROLLING OUTPUT:
• TYPE OF MATERIAL
• DEPTH OF CUTTING
• SIZE AND TYPE OF BUCKETS
• SKILL OF OPERATOR
• SIZE OF HAULING UNITS & METHOD
• ANGLE OF SWING
• LENGTH OF CRANE BOOM
• JOB CONDITION
18
19
DRAG LINE
20
DRAG LINE
21
CLAM SHELL
• This is so named due to resemblance of its bucket to a
clam which is like a shell-fish with hinged double shell.
• The front end is essentially a crane boom with a specially

designed bucket loosely attached at the end through
cables as in a drag line.
• The capacity of a clam shell bucket is usually given in

cubic meters.
• The basic parts of clam shell bucket are the closing line,
hoist line, sheaves, brackets, tagline, shell and hinge.
22
CLAM SHELL
Application:
• Used for handling loose material such as crushed

stone, sand, gravel, coal etc.
• Main feature is vertical lifting of material from one

location to another.
• Mainly used for removing material from coffer dam,

sewer main holes, well foundations etc.
23
CLAM SHELL
24
CLAM SHELL
25
CLAM SHELL
26
COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT TYPES OF
EQUIPMENT
Power
S.No. Items of comparison Back hoe Drag line Clam shell
shovel
1
Excavation in hard soil or
Good Good Not good Poor
rock
Excavation in wet soil or Moderately Moderately

2 Poor Poor
mud good good
Distance between footing

3 Small Small Long Long
and digging
Moderately Precise but

4 Loading efficiency Very good Good
good slow
Fairly away Fairly away

5 Footing required Close to work Close to pit
from pit from pit
Digs at or
Digs at or
Digs below Digs below below footing
6 Digging level above footing
footing level footing level level
level
Shortly more More than the

More than
7 Cycle time Short than power other
27
power shovel
shovel equipment
TYPES OF EXCAVATING AND EARTH
MOVING EQUIPMENT
1. MOTOR GRADERS
2. SCRAPERS
3. BULL DOZERS
4. TRACTORS
28
MOTOR GRADERS
o THEY MAY BE EITHER TOWED OR MOTORISED.
o USUALLY SELF PROPULSIVE.
CONSTRUCTION:
• FRONT OF THE GRADER FRAME IS SUPPORTED ON A PAIR OF
FRONT WHEELS & REAR ON TANDEM WHEELS.
• CURVED BLADE IS SUPPORTED ON THE CIRCLE AND BE
TURNED THROUGH 360 DEGREE.
• BLADE HAS REPLACEBLE EDGES.
• CUTTING DEPTH - 2-4CMS.
29
MOTOR GRADERS
SPEED:
 LIGHT DUTY - 6-10 KM/HR.
 HEAVY DUTY - 2-3 KM/HR.
 NORMAL DUTY - 4-6 KM/HR.
USES:
* GRAVEL ROAD REPAIRING * ROAD SHOULDER RESHAPING
* BANK CUTTING * DITCH FILLING
* BASE COURSE SPREADING * MATERIAL MIXING
* SNOW, LAND CLEARANCE * FROZEN TOP SOIL, ASPHALT

BREAKING
30
MOTOR GRADERS
31
MOTOR GRADERS
32
SCRAPERS
 COMPROMISE BETWEEN BEST LOADING AND BEST HAULING
MACHINES
 UNIQUE FOR LONG DISTANCE HAULING
 IT ITSELF DIGS, HAULS, DEPOSIT THE MATERIALS IN UNIFORM

THICK LAYERS
TYPES:
• CRAWLER TRACTOR PULLED
• WHEEL TRACTOR PULLED
BASIC PARTS:
• BOWL, APRON, EJECTOR (TAIL GATE).
33
SCRAPERS
CAPACITY:
• HEAPED CAPACITY OF THE BOWL.
OPERATION:
• WHILE DIGGING CUTTING EDGE ENTERS THE GROUND BY
LOWERING THE BOWL, THE FRONT APRON IS RAISED
• EDGE IS RAISED, APRON IS LOWED WHILE HAULING.
• WHILE DUMPING EJECTOR IS USED.
34
SCRAPERS
35
SCRAPERS
36
SCRAPERS
37
SCRAPERS
38
BULL DOZERS
• VERSATILE EQUIPMENT- ESSENTIALLY A HEAVY STEEL BLADE
MOUNTED ON THE FRONT OF TRACTOR.
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON:
POSITION OF BLADES - PERPENDICULAR BLADES
- BLADES AT AN ANGLE
MOUNTING - WHEEL MOUNTED
- CRAWLER MOUNTED
CONTROL - CABLE CONTROL
- HYDRAULIC CONTROL
39
BULL DOZERS
CONSTRUCTION:
 CONSIST OF HEAVY BLADE WITH CONCAVE PROFILE.
 BLADE IS ATTACHED TO THE BODY WITH TWO ARMS, A

SUPPORTING FRAME & HELD BY TWO PUSH ARMS
APPLICATION:
 SPREADING EARTH FILL
 CLEARING, OPENING UP PILOT ROADS
 BACK FILLING TRENCHES
 CLEARING CONSTRUCTION SITES
40
BULL DOZERS
41
BULL DOZERS
42
BULL DOZERS
43
TYPES OF BULL DOZERS BLADE
44
TYPES OF BULL DOZERS BLADE
45
TRACTORS
 MULTI PURPOSE MACHINES MAINLY USED FOR PULLING AND
PUSHING OTHER MACHINES FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES.
TYPES:
1. WHEEL TYPE ( <50 km/Hr )
2. CRAWLER TYPE ( <12 km/Hr )
APPlCATIONS:
 CLEARING & EXCAVATING MACHINERY
 HAULING & CONVEYING MACHINERY
46
CRAWLER TRACTOR
47
WHEEL TRACTOR
48
COMPARISON BETWEEN CRAWLER AND
WHEELED TRACTORS
CRAWLER TYPE WHEELED TYPE
1. Slow speed 1. Greater speed
2. More compact and powerful and

2. Con handle only lighter jobs
can handle heavier jobs
3. Costly 3. Cheaper
4. Cost of operation and 4. Operational and maintenance cost
maintenance is high is less
5. Stick control for steering 5. Wheel steering control
6. Moves on rough as well as good
6. Moves on rough roads only
roads
7. Used for short distances 7.Used for longer distances
8. Requires skillful operation, 8. Lesser skills required for

maintenance and repairs operations, maintenance and repairs
49
EARTH COMPACTION
EQUIPMENTS
1. SMOOTH – WHEEL ROLLERS
2. SHEEP – FOOT ROLLERS
3. PNEUMATIC TYRED ROLLERS
50
SMOOTH – WHEEL ROLLERS:
 PLAIN STEEL ROLLERS
 SELF – PROPELLED (5 TO 25 TONNES)
 NO DEEP COMPACTION
 REAR WHEELS ARE LARGER IN DIAMETER AND THE FRONT ONES ARE
WIDER
 DIESEL ENGINE TYPE
 COMPACTION IS BY STATIC WEIGHT OF ROLLER

SUITABILITY:
 GRANULAR SOILS
 SAND
 GRAVEL
 CRUSHED STONES
51
SMOOTH WHEEL ROLLER
52
SMOOTH WHEEL ROLLER
53
SMOOTH WHEEL ROLLER
54
SHEEP – FOOT ROLLERS
 HOLLOW STEEL DRUM WITH PROJECTED FEET MOUNTED AT
100 TO 200 MMC/C
 WEIGHT - 15 TONNES
 SPEED - 25 KM/HR
 COMPACTION IS BY KNEADING ACTION
 IN CONVERTIBLE ROLLERS THE FOOT PLATE CAN BE

REMOVED
 IN TURN FOOT ROLLERS THE INDIVIDUAL SHEEP FOOT CAN

BE CHANGED
SUITABILITY:
CLAY, PREDOMINANTLY COHESIVE AND IMPERVIOUS SOIL
55
56
57
PNEUMATIC TYRED ROLLERS
 CONSISTS OF A BASE PLATFORM MOUNTED BETWEEN TWO
AXLES
 TRACKS OF THE REAR WHEEL LIE INBETWEEN THE TRACKS

OF THE FRONT WHEEL
 COMPACTION IS BY CONTROLLING THE GROUND CONTACT

PRESSURE
 WEIGHT OR WIDTH OF THE WHEEL CAN BE SUITABLY

INCREASED
SUITABILITY:
FINE GRAINED AND WELL GRADED SANDS
58
PNEUMATIC TYRED ROLLER
59
PILE DRIVING EQUIPMENT
• PILE IS A STRUCTURAL MEMBER DRIVEN INTO THE GROUND
FOR THE PURPOSE OF TRANSFERRING SURFACE LOADS
• THEY ARE EFFECTIVE AT AN ECONOMICAL COST

EQUIPMENTS NEEDED:
 PILE DRIVEN RIGS
1. SKID MOUNTED 2. CRANE MOUNTED 3. FLOATING RIGS
 GUIDE LEADERS
 PILE DRIVING HAMMERS
 ADDITIONAL AIDS FOR PREBORING, JEETING ETC.,
 BOILER FOR STEAM RAISING OR AIR COMPRESSOR.
60
PILE DRIVEN RIGS
• Pile Driving Rigs provide basic operation of lifting the pile,
holding the pile in position, hammering it into the ground
or of pulling it out of the ground and guiding the pile in the
desired direction of movements.
• It supports the boom, the winch, mechanism, driving
hammer, the guiding leaders and a platform for mounting
the auxiliary equipment such as jet pumps, drilling auger
etc.,
61
SKID MOUNTED RIGS
62
SKID MOUNTED RIGS
63
CRANE MOUNTED RIGS
64
CRANE MOUNTED RIGS
65
FLOATING RIGS
66
GUIDING LEADERS
• The leaders guide the pile and the hammer during
operation which extents to the entire height of the
rigs.
• In case pile driven below the rigs in to excavations or
trenches extensible leaders are used.
• It enable hammer to deliver blow axially to pile.
67
GUIDING LEADERS
68
GUIDING LEADERS
69
TYPES OF HAMMERS
1. DROP HAMMER:
o No external source needed.
o Mechanism to lift the hammer
by a cable.
o Drop it by gravity only.
o Solid mass of Metal or Cast
Iron of weight – 1 to 4 Tonnes
o Height of Fall – 1.5 to 6 m
o No. of blows – 4 to 8 per min
o It is slow process but efficient.
o Not in use now.
70
2. SINGLE ACTING HAMMER:
o The hammer is lifted by

steam or compressed air.
o Drop it by gravity only.
o Weight – 2 Tonnes
o Height of Fall – 1 m
o No. of blows – 60 per min
71
3. DOUBLE ACTING HAMMER:
o The hammer is lifted &

lowered by steam or
compressed air.
o Weight – 500 kg
o Effect will be like 3 Tonnes
o No. of blows – 100 to 200

per min
72
4. DIFFERENTIAL ACTING HAMMER:
o The hammer is modified form of double acting

hammer.
o Weight – 2 Tonnes
o Height of Fall – 1 m
o No. of blows – 100 to 200 per min
o Same pile can be driven with in ½ time saving

30% of steam.
73
5. DIESEL HAMMER:
o The hammer imparts

Compression, Impact and
Explosion energy to the
pile.
74
75
76
6. VIBRATORY HAMMER:
• Very effective in driving piles
through non cohesive granular
soils.
• Pile is driven by making vibration.
• The vibration can be produced by
electrically / hydraulically.
• Penetration rates can approach up
to 20 m/min in moderately dense
granular soils.
• It can be used with another
77
methods also.
HAULING EQUIPMENTS
 HAULING IS DEFINED AS MOVEMENT OF MATREIALS FROM
ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER PLACE.
 EQUIPMENTS USED FOR THIS PROCESS IS HAULING
EQUIPMENTS.
TYPES:
 DUMP TRUCKS
 DUMPERS
78
DUMP TRUCKS
TYPES:
1. SIDE DUMP TRUCK
2. BOTTOM DUMP TRUCKS
SIDE DUMP TRUCK:
 DUMPING IS THROUGH THE SIDES OF THE TRUCK
 SUITABLE FOR HAULING WET CLAY, SAND, GRAVEL, QUARRY

ROCKS.
BOTTOM DUMP TRUCK:
 DUMPING IS BY OPENING THE BOTTOM OF THE TRUCK
 SUITABLE FOR FREE FLOWING MATERIALS SUCH AS SAND,

GRAVEL, DRY EARTH, HARD CLAY.
79
SIDE DUMP TRUCKS
80
SIDE DUMP TRUCKS
81
BOTTOM DUMP TRUCKS
82
DUMPERS
 HIGH SPEED PNEUMATIC WHEELED TRUCKS WITH
SHORT CHASIS AND STRONG BODIES.
 SUITABLE FOR SHORT HAULS ON ROUGH ROADS
AND SPECIALLY WHERE A SHUTTLE MOVEMENT IS
REQUIRED.
83
EQUIPMENTS FOR
MATERIAL
HANDLING &
ERECTION OF
STRUCTURES
84
TYPES OF HANDLING DEVICES OR
HOISTING EQUIPMENTS
 VERTICAL MOTION DEVICES
1. BLOCK AND TACKLE
* Oldest & Simplest one.
* Use only mechanical power.
* Inexpensive device.
* But, Waste of manpower.
85
BLOCK AND TACKLE
86
TYPES OF HANDLING DEVICES
2. WINCH
* By winding rope or cable on
drum vertical movement is obtained.
* Greater mechanical advantages
than Block and Tackle.
* Used to load heavy equipment
in to ships etc.,
87
WINCH
88
3. HOISTS
* Operated b/w fixed guide rails.
* Operated by Hand, Compressed
air or by electric power.
* Same as elevators but operator
does not go up but operated from one
point to others.
89
4. ELEVATORS
* Same as Hoists but operator
can go up with the load.
* Electrical type elevator is best.
* If not Hydraulic type elevator is
used.
90
 HORIZONTAL MOTION DEVICES
1. HAND TRUCKS
* Simplest one still in use.
* Require large manpower to use.
* Advantages are small cost,
flexibility, easy transportation from one
place to another place.
91
HAND TRUCKS
92
2. NARROW GAUGE RAIL ROAD
* Very Expensive.
* Used in industries like blast
furnace, copper refineries, steel
rolling operations etc.,
93
3. TRACTORS & TRAILORS
* Most widely used.
* Different tailors can be attached
to tractors.
* Less costly than narrow gauge
rail.
94
4. SKIDS
* Wheeled or Plain trollies over
which materials are loaded and picked up
by lift trucks.
* Used to transfer load from
position to position.
95
4. PIPELINE
* Pipeline and pumps are used for
horizontal transportation of materials.
* Used to transfer fluids and
gaseous material.
96
 COMBINATION DEVICES
1. CHUTE
* Used for both horizontal and
vertical movements.
* May be straight or spiral forms.
* Used in Packing industry,
Railway & Air terminals.
97
CHUTE
98
2. LIFT TRUCK
* Same as Skids but provide
large platform to lift & place materials.
* Uses mechanical power to
move materials from one place to
other.
99
3. FORK LIFT TRUCK
* It is provided with fork which
receives the load at G.L. & elevates
hydraulically to desired height.
* No need of Manual lifting.
* Self loading & unloading.
100
4. CRANES
* USED IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS, SHIPPING, INDUSTRIES ETC.
* THEY MAY BE ELECTRICALLY OPERATED, DIESEL OPERATED OR

DIESEL-ELECTRIC DRIVE.
CLASSIFICATION:
* DERRICK CRANES.
* MOBILE CRANES.
* OVERHEAD OR GANTRY CRANES.
* TRAVELLER CRANES.
101
* TOWER CRANES.
DERRICK CRANES
PARTS:
* MAST * BOOM * BULL WHEEL.
TYPES:
* GUY-DERRICK * STIFF LEG DERRICK.
OPERATION:
• THE BOOM CAN REVOLVE THROUGH 360 DEGREE.
• IT CAN CARRY LOADS UPTO 200 TONS.
• WHEN THE LOAD IS LESS THAN 50 TONS GUY ROPES ARE

REPLACED BY TRUSSED STRUCTURE.
102
• STIFF LEG DERRICK CAN CARRY 7- 50 TONS.
DERRICK CRANES
USES:
• LOADING AND UNLOADING CARGOES AT PORTS.
• TO HANDLE LOOSE MATERIALS LIKE SAND, BALLAST, COAL.
• IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS, INDUSTRIAL, MULTISTOREYED

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.
• PLANT ERRECTION.
103
DERRICK CRANE
104
DERRICK CRANE
105
MOBILE CRANE
 THEY ARE EITHER CRAWLER MOUNTED OR WHEEL MOUNTED.
 CRAWLER MOUNTED ARE HIGHLY MANEOUVERABILE AND

OPERATE ON UNMADE GROUND.
 SUITABLE FOR ROUGH TERRAINS.
 OPERATE IN A LIMITED AREA.
 TRUCK MOUNTED CRANES HAVE HIGH MOBILITY.
 SPEED - 70-75 KM/HR.
 LOAD – 3 TO 160 TONS.
106
MOBILE CRANE
107
MOBILE CRANE
108
OVERHEAD OR GANTRY CRANE
 USED FOR HANDLING LOADS OVER A LONG RECTANGULAR

AREA.
 IT CONSISTS OF BRIDGE WHICH IS FIXED BY TWO GANTRY

GRIDERS AT TH ENDS SUPPORTED BY TRAM WHEELS.
 NEXT THE CRAB CONSITS OF HOISTING GEAR MOUNTED ON

FRAME OF BRIDGE.
 FRAME ITSELF MOUNTED ON ANOTHER SET OF WHEELS TO

MOVE ALONG MAIN GRIDERS.
 USED IN STORAGE, ERECTION, FOUNDRY, STEELPALNTS ETC.,
109
OVER HEAD CRANE
110
OVER HEAD CRANE
111
OVER HEAD CRANE
112
TRAVELLER CRANE
 THESE HAVE THEIR CRABS MOVING ON GIRDERS SUPPORTED
ON LEGS INSTEAD OF GRATRY TRUCKS AS USED IN THE
OVERHEAD CRANES.
 THE LEGS ARE CAPABLE OF MOVING ON TRACKS LAID ON THE
FLOOR.
 USED IN DUMPING YARDS, CASTING YARDS, ERECTION
INDUSTRIES ETC.,
113
TRAVELLER CRANE
114
TRAVELLER CRANE
115
TOWER CRANE
 IT HAS A TRUSS STRUCTURE WELDED FROM ANGLE BARS
AND CHANNELS.
 LADDERS ARE PROVIDED FOR EASE.
 THEY CAN BE ASSEMBLED AND DISMENTLED.
 USED IN INDUSTRAIL AND RESIDENTAIL HIGH RISE BUILDING.
 ALSO COMMONLY USED IN INDUTRIAL PLANTS WITH STEEL
STRUCTURES.
116
TOWER CRANE
117
TOWER CRANE
118
5. CONVEYORS
* TRANSMITTING MATERIALS OVER A STATIONARY STRUCTURE IN
CONTINOUS STREAM.
* ADVANTAGES:
* INCREASES OUTPUT
* CONTINUITY IN OPERATION
* TIME SAVING (NO WAITING PERIODS)
* TYPES:
* BELT CONVEYOR
* SCREW CONVEYOR
* BUCKET CONVEYOR
119
BELT CONVEYOR
* MOST POPULAR
* CONSISTS OF A BELT RUNNING OVER A PAIR OF END

DRUMS SUPPORTED BY A SERIES OF ROLLERS CALLED IDLERS
* MIDDLE SAG IS PROVIDED TO PREVENT THE SPILLING OF

MATERIALS
ADVANTAGES:
* CAN HANDLE LIGHT,HEAVY, DRY, WET, SOFT, COARSE
MATERIALS
* HIGH SPEED
* CARRIES HORIZONTALLY AND INCLINED
* LIGHTER IN WEIGHT
120
* CONTROLLED DISCHARGE
BELT CONVEYOR
121
BELT CONVEYOR
BARROSO, BRAZIL - 7.2 KILOMETER - LONGEST BELT CONVEYOR
122
SCREW CONVEYOR
* USED FOR HANDLING GRANULAR OR PULVARISED MATERIALS
* QUANTITY IS LESS COMPARED TO BELT CONVEYOR.
* LOW COST
* CONSISTS OF A HELIX MOUNTED ON A BEARING AT THE ENDS
AND AT INTERMEDIATE POINTS
* LENGTH IS 65M WITH AN INCLINATION UPTO 35 DEGREES
123
SCREW CONVEYOR
124
BUCKET CONVEYORS
* MATERIAL IS TRANSFERRED THROUGH A
SERIES OF BUCKETS.
* LENGTH IS LIMITED TO 25M.
* WEIGHT DEPENDS UPON THE STRENGTH
OF CHAINS.
* MAINLY USED FOR HANDLING COAL.
125
BUCKET CONVEYORS
126
BUCKET CONVEYORS
127
 AERIAL TRANSPORTATION
1. CABLEWAYS
* USED IN EXCAVATION WORK OF DAMS, QUARRIES,CONSTRUCTION

ETC.,
* LOADS ARE HOISTED AND MOVED VERTICALLY.
* ALSO USED IN TRANSPORTING CONCRTETE OVER LARGE AREA.
2. ROPEWAYS
* LONG DISTANCE MOVEMENT
* ENDLESS ROPE WITH TWO EN TOWERS AND SUPPORTED BY

SERIES OF PULLEY MOUNTED ON INTERMEDIATE TOWER.
128
* SEPARATE HANDLING AND SUPPORT RPOES.
CABLEWAYS & ROPEWAYS
129
130
131
BATCHING, MIXING
AND PLACING OF
CONCRETE
132
BATCHERS
 PROPORTIONATING THE INGREDIENTS OF CONCRETE FOR A
PARTICULAR MIX.
 WEIGH BATCHING IS COMMONLY USED.
TYPES:
1. MANUAL BATCHING
2. SEMI - AUTOMATIC BATCHING
3. AUTOMATIC BATCHING
133
CONCRETE BATCHER
134
CONCRETE MIXERS
 MIXING ALL THE INGREDIENTS OF CONCRETE TO MAKE A MIX OF SPECIFIED
CONSISTENCY
FACTORS GOVERNING MIXING:
 CORRECT SETTING OF MACHINE
 PROPER CLEANING OF BLADES
 SEQUENCE OF MATERIAL CHARGED
 TIMELY SUPPLY OF WATER
 DIRECTION OF IN - FLOW
 SPEED AND TIME OF MIXING
TYPES:
 DRUM TYPE MIXERS - TILTING & NON - TILTING
 PAN TYPE MIXERS
135
136
137
138
139
CONCRETE PLACERS
 USUALLY DONE THROUGH BUCKETS CARRIED ON RAIL
ROADS OR TRACKS.
 DUMP TRUCKS AND BELT CONVEYORS ARE ALSO USED.
 CABLE WAYS CAN BE USED OR THE HOISTING OF
BUCKETS MAY BE DONE WITH THE HELP OF CRANES.
140
CONCRETE PLACERS
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144
145
146
DREDGING
EQUIPMENTS
147
DREDGERS
 USED FOR EXCAVATION FROM RIVER BED, LAKE, SEA FOR
THE PURPOSE OF DEEPENING THEM.
 TYPES:
1. DIPPER DREDGER
2. BACK HOE DREDGER
3. BUCKET OR LADDER DREDGER
4. SUCTION DREDGER
5. GRAB DREDGER
148
DIPPER DREDGER
 IT IS USUALY MOUNTED ON A FLOATING PLATFORM
 THE BOOM CAN ROTATE THROUGH 180 DEGREES
 PRODUCTION RATE - 50 CU.M/HR
 BUCKET SIZE - 4 T0 6 CU.M
 DUMPING RANGE - 30 M
 DEPTH - 15 M
 SUITABLE FOR ROCK MATERIAL, DREDGING CALY &

CONFIND SPACES OF DOCKS AND NARROW CHANNELS
 LOW PRODUCTION RATE & LESS DEPTH.
149
DIPPER DREDGER
150
DIPPER DREDGER
151
BACK HOE DREDGER
 IT IS USUALY MOUNTED ON A FLOATING PLATFORM
 PRODUCTION RATE - 100 - 400 CU.M/HR
 BUCKET SIZE - 1 T0 6 CU.M
 DEPTH - 18 M
 SUITABLE FOR ROCK MATERIAL, TRENCHES ETC.,
152
BACK HOE DREDGER
153
BACK HOE DREDGER
154
LADDER DREDGER
 IT IS EQUIPPED WITH BUCKET ELEVATOR MOUNTED ON A
BARGE.
 PARTS – CABLE ARRAGEMENT, WHEEL & CONTAINERS.
 IT IS SUSPENDED ON A STEEL LADDER.
 SUITABLE FOR EXCAVATING SOFT GROUND, SAND OR
GRAVEL.
155
LADDER DREDGER
156
LADDER DREDGER
157
LADDER DREDGER
158
GRAB DREDGER
 IT IS EQUIPED WITH GRAB SUSPENDED BY A CABLE.
 GRAB IS EXTENDED BY OPERTAING BOOM OF A CRANE.
 DREDGER HAS 1 TO 4 BOOM CRANES MOUNTED ON IT.
 SUITABLE FOR EXCAVATING SOFT GROUND, SAND OR
GRAVEL AND ROCK REMOVAL ALSO.
159
GRAB DREDGER
160
GRAB DREDGER
161
SUCTION DREDGER
 SIMILAR IN OPERATION EXCEPT IT CONSISTS OF A PUMP
EXCAVATOR MOUNTED ON A BARGE WITH SUCTION LINE,
SUPPORTED ON A LADDER.
 PLAIN SUCTION DREDGER
* FREE RUNING GRANULAR MATERIAL
 CUTTER SUCTION DREDGER
* 3000 CU.M / HR OUTPUT CAPACITY & 6 KM PUMPING RANGE
 WHEEL SUCTION DREDGER
* 200 TO 36000 CU.M / HR OUTPUT CAPACITY
 TRAILOR SUCTION DREDGER
* 300 TO 11000 CU.M/HR OUTPUT CAPACITY & DEPTH –10 TO 30 M
162
PLAIN SUCTION DREDGER
163
PLAIN SUCTION DREDGER
164
CUTTER SUCTION DREDGER
165
CUTTER SUCTION DREDGER
166
WHEEL SUCTION DREDGER
167
168
169
TRAILOR SUCTION DREDGER
170
TRAILOR SUCTION DREDGER
171
TRENCHERS
172
WHEEL TRENCHERS
 CONSISTS OF A PAIR OF CIRCULAR RIMS CONNECTED BY U
SHAPED BUCKETS OR CUTTERS.
 SELF PROPELLED.
 THE EXCAVATING DEVICE IS CONNECTED TO A MEANS OF

CONVEYING.
 WIDTH - 12 M
 DEPTH - 3M
 OPERATION:
* CABLE DRIVE
173
WHEEL TRENCHERS
USES:
FOR LAYING
 WATER, GAS, OIL PIPE LINES
 TELEPHONE CABLES
 DRAINAGE
 SEWERS
174
WHEEL TRENCHERS
175
WHEEL TRENCHERS
176
LADDER TYPE TRENCHERS
 SIMILAR TO WHEEL TRENCHER EXCEPT BUCKETS ARE PROVIDED
WITH CHAIN LINKS ON LADDER TYPE FRAME OR BOOM.
ADVANTAGES:
1. FASTER AND CHEAPER.
2. DIGS NECESSARY DEPTH.
3. CONTINUOUS PROCESS.
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TUNNELING EQUIPMENTS
ROCK DRILLING EQUIPMENTS:
* PRECUSSION TYPE
* ROTATRY TYPE
1. JACK HAMMER:
* HANDY EQUIPMENT
* WEIGHT – 25 KG
* DEPTH - 2.5 M TO 3 M
2. DRIFTER:
* HEAVY ROCK DRILLERS
* WEIGHT – 45 TO 70 KG
* DEPTH - 9 M TO 12 M
180
ROCK DRILLING EQUIPMENTS:
3. TRUCK MOUNTED DRILL:
* TRUCK MOUNTED
* EASY MOBILITY
* DEPTH – 15 M
* HOLES ALONG ANGLE &

VERTICALLY DOWN
181
TUNNEL BORING MACHINE:
182

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Construction equipments-IESGATEWiz - 220126 - 220856

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Lecture on Construction Equipment’s

5. AGGREGATE AND CONCRETE PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT

6. PILE DRIVING EQUIPMENT

7. TUNNELING AND ROCK DRILLING EQUIPMENT

8. PUMPING AND DEWATERING EQUIPMENT

 SUITABILITY FOR JOB CONDITION WITH SPECIAL

 USE OF STANDARD EQUIPMENT

 UNIT COST OF PRODUCTION

 AVAILABILITY OF SPARE PARTS AND SELECTION OF

 SUITABILITY OF LOCAL LABOUR FOR OPERATION

 HEIGHT OF THE EXCAVATION

 DISPOSAL OF THE EXCAVATED MATERIAL

 DISTANCE OF EXCAVATION SITE TO HAULING UNITS

 MATERIAL TO BE REMOVED FROM SITE

 TYPE OF SOIL TO BE EXCAVATED

 DUARATION OF PROJECT (FOR EXCAVATION)

 EXCAVATE ALL TYPES OF EARTH EXCEPT HARD ROCK

 CRAWLER MOUNTED (LOW SPEED - UNSTABLE SOIL)

* CABLES * RACK & STICK

* BOOM FOOT PIN * SADDLE BLOCK

* BOOM POINT SHEAVE * BUCKET ( Size = .375 m3 to 5 m3)

VERY HARD MATERIALS, BIG SIZED BOULDERS.

DIGGING IN GRAVEL BANKS, CLAY PITS, CUTS IN ROAD WORKS, ROAD

FACTORS CONTROLLING OUTPUT:

* ANGLE OF SWING * SKILL OF OPERATOR

* SIZE OF HAULING UNITS * JOB CONDITION

• USED TO EXCAVATE BELOW THE SURFACE OF EQUIPMENT - IT CAVES INTO THE

* BOOM FOOT DRUM * BOOM SHEAVE

* STICK, BUCKET * BUCKET SHEAVE

• TO TRIM THE SURFACE (DRESSING).

• Because of this construction, a dragline can dig and

o Dragging softer material and below its track level

o It is very useful for excavating trenches when the sides are

o It has long reaches.

o Excavation for canals and depositing on the embankment

• SIZE AND TYPE OF BUCKETS

• SIZE OF HAULING UNITS & METHOD

• LENGTH OF CRANE BOOM

• The front end is essentially a crane boom with a specially

• The capacity of a clam shell bucket is usually given in

• Used for handling loose material such as crushed

• Main feature is vertical lifting of material from one

• Mainly used for removing material from coffer dam,

Excavation in wet soil or Moderately Moderately

Distance between footing

Moderately Precise but

Fairly away Fairly away

Shortly more More than the

o THEY MAY BE EITHER TOWED OR MOTORISED.

o USUALLY SELF PROPULSIVE.

• FRONT OF THE GRADER FRAME IS SUPPORTED ON A PAIR OF

FRONT WHEELS & REAR ON TANDEM WHEELS.

• CURVED BLADE IS SUPPORTED ON THE CIRCLE AND BE

TURNED THROUGH 360 DEGREE.

• BLADE HAS REPLACEBLE EDGES.

• CUTTING DEPTH - 2-4CMS.

 LIGHT DUTY - 6-10 KM/HR.

 HEAVY DUTY - 2-3 KM/HR.

 NORMAL DUTY - 4-6 KM/HR.

* GRAVEL ROAD REPAIRING * ROAD SHOULDER RESHAPING

* BANK CUTTING * DITCH FILLING

* BASE COURSE SPREADING * MATERIAL MIXING

* SNOW, LAND CLEARANCE * FROZEN TOP SOIL, ASPHALT