GED 106- LONG QUIZ REVIEWER important indicator of reading a person’s

intention.
 Effective communication is a key interpersonal
skill and by learning how you can improve your
communication has many benefits. In order to HIGH ASSERTIVENESS
be an effective communicator, a number of
skills have to be utilized.  LOW EMOTIVENESS HIGH EMOT
 Audience analysis- knowing the audience, DIRECT SPIRITED
understanding their level and how they need to
receive the information
 Communication barriers- physical noise, cultural
differences, varying levels of expectations and SYSTEMATIC CONSIDERATE
experiences, and difference in perspectives and
communication styles.
 Principles of Effective Communication
1. Clarity. This pertains to both the
message and the purpose why the LOW ASSERTIVENESS
message has to be sent.
2. Conciseness. The message should be as
 Language Varieties- Also called “lects”, these
brief as may be required depending on
refer to the different variants of a language that
one’s purpose, especially in most
can be sufficiently delimited from one another
modern contexts in the business and
in terms of social, historical, or geo-spatial
academic fields where time is of the
factors, thus forming language clusters. In
essence.
addition, language varieties may also be
3. Completeness. Despite its conciseness,
grouped in the following classifications:
the message should still be complete
1. Pidgin. It refers to a new language that
and accurate.
develops into situations where speakers
4. Organization. Effective communication
of different languages need to
is usually planned in order to ensure the
communicate but do not share a
systematic flow of ideas and transition
common language.
from one point to another.
2. Creole. It is a pidgin that becomes the
5. Empathy. The sender of the message
first language of the children, or the
should be sensitive to the needs and
mother tongue of a certain community.
interests of the receiver.
3. Regional Dialect. It is not a language
6. Flexibility. Effective communicators
that is not distinct from a national
know how to adapt to the varying
language, but rather a variety of a
needs and expectations of their
language spoken in a particular area of
audience, and modify the message or
a country.
the way the message is sent to avoid
4. Minority Dialect. This is a variety used
misunderstanding or misinterpretation.
as a marker of identity, usually
 Digital technology- has erased territorial
alongside a standard variety, by the
boundaries among countries and among people
members of a particular minority
with varying cultures.
ethnic group.
 Past experiences affect communication when
5. Indigenized Varieties. These are spoken
their audience responded positively to their
mainly as second languages in former
message, chances of them repeating the same
colonies with multilingual populations.
style are relatively high
 Language Registers- A language register is
 Prejudice happens when people take their past
characterized by the way a speaker uses
experiences and make certain assumptions that
language differently in different social
the same experience will happen with the same
circumstances.
people, given the same context. Effective
1. Formal. These registers are used in
communicators should avoid prejudice because
professional, academic, or legal
it influences the communication process even
settings where communication is
before it begins
expected to be respectful,
 “Naval Language” or The Belly Button Psyche- uninterrupted, and restrained to
Dr. Albert Mehrabian, professor of Psychology at specific rules.
UCLA said that the belly button rule is the most
 2. Casual. These registers are used when
communicating with friends, close
acquaintances, colleagues, and family
members.
3. Intimate. Intimate language registers
are reserved for special occasions,
usually between only two people and
often in private.
4. Frozen. It refers to historic language that
is intended to remain unchanged.
5. Consultative. It is used in conversations
when people are speaking with
someone who has specialized
knowledge or is offering advice. Tone is
often respectful, such as the use of
honorifics or courtesy titles, but may be
more casual if the relationship between
or among the communicators is friendly.
Examples are registers used in local
television broadcast or in a conversation
with a doctor during medical
examination.
 The goal of national or regional identity- People
use a regional variety of English with its specific
grammar, structure and vocabulary to affirm
their own national or ethnic identity
 The goal of intelligibility- Users of a regional
variety should ideally still be readily understood
by users of English everywhere else in the
world to fully participate in the use of English as
an international language
 Code-switching- using English and another
language in the same statement
 A text or output is considered multimodal if it
uses two or more communication modes to
make meaning.
 Paper (books, comics, posters, brochures)
 Digital (slide presentations, blogs, web pages,
social media, animation, film, video games
 Live (performance or an event)
 Transmedia (using multiple delivery channels
through a combination of platforms)
 Language in new media is sometimes referred
to as Computer-mediated communication
(CMC), though it may also be called any of the
following: Netspeak, Computer-mediated
discourse, Digital discourse, electronic
discourse, e-communication, digitally mediated
communication, Keyboard- to -screen
communication
 Steps in Communication Planning
1. Research and analyze current situation.
2. Establish goals and objectives (short and
long term).
3. Identify the target audience (what they
know, what influences them,
communication impediments, etc.).
4. Conceptualize on key messages.
5. Strategize on communication styles and
platform(s).
6. Evaluate and anticipate.
 Failure to Listen. Good communication fails
when one doesn’t pay much attention or plan
what to say before one ends his statement.
 Culture Differences. People would just love to
stay along with people of the same
background.
 Locale or Distance to Office. The office location
or its distance to its employees or contributors
entails problem in the communication. The
company usually resorts to email, phone or
video conferencing. The very low level of
interaction in electronic communication poses
a communication barrier.
 Ego and Attitude. Self-image or ego often affects
team’s effort to execute plans. One’s arrogance
causes trouble, and more often, teamwork ends
due to one’s defiance.
 Authority or Hierarchy Problems. The authority
that the team leader or manger demonstrates
more often creates intimidation or gap with
team members.
 Poorly Written Communication. The confusion
or misunderstanding of in interoffice business
communication is due to poor content of
written documents, substandard organization,
fractured grammar, among other flaws in
written interoffice materials.
 Gender bias. The choice of which gender makes
a more effective leader in the department is an
issue of gender bias. This gender discrimination
creates problem in the organization.
 Focus or Listening Problems. Inability of
employees to focus on the issue is equivalent to
listening problems.
 Inadequate Knowledge. Little knowledge is
dangerous. Hence, team performance is
affected due to ineffective education or lack of
understanding or other inadequate knowledge
foundation.
 Cliques, Groups and Friendships. Group
membership or group affiliation or exclusive
grouping of team members can sometimes
create segregation.