TO STUDY THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION

PATTERN IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD

Report submitted
For the partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Secondary
Education, NEB (Grade11)

By
ANJU NEUPANE

Grade XI, Section ‘A’, Group’A1 ‘

NABIN AUDHYOGIC KADAR BAHADUR RITA SEC. SCHOOL

Devinagar-11, Butwal

March ,2024
 DECLARATION LETTER

I hereby declare that the project work “TO STUDY THE ENERGY
CONSUMPTION PATTERN IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD”
submitted to department of physics Nabin Audhyogic Kadar Bahadur
Rita Sec.School in the form of hard copy of project work which has
done under the supervision of “Bhimraj Kharel” and is submitted for
the partial fulfillment of physics grade 11.

Your obedient student

Name: Anju Neupane
College: N.A.K.B.R.S.S
Date: .........................
Signature..................
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I recorded my humble gratitude to MR. Bhimraj Kharel, Department of

Physics, Nabin Audhyogic Kadar Bahadur Rita Sec. School. His
encouragement, suggestions, instruction, and guidelines helped in the
preparation of this project.

I am grateful to respected teachers

Mr. Baburam Poudel and Radheyshyam Bhattrai for their valuable
guidance and inspiration.

I would like to extend my gratitude to MR. Nikash Kharel, Lab

Assistant of Physics, for his kindful help and cooperation during the
completion of the project.

Finally, yet importantly, I would like to thank my fellow colleagues and

group members for their kind and highly valuable advice.
 LETTER OF APPROVAL

This project work entitled “TO STUDY THE ENERGY

CONSUMPTION PATTERN IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD “by A1
group of Nabin Audhyogic Kadar Bahadur Rita Sec. School prepared
under the supervision of MR. Bhimraj Kharel submitted for the partial
fulfillment of the prerequisite of Physics of class 11 has been
accepted.

...........................
Supervisor
BHIMRAJ KHAREL
Department of Physics
N.A.K.B.R.S.S.
 TABLE OF CONTENT

1. Introduction.................................................
2. Objective................................................................
3. Materials and Methods...........................................
4. Results and discussion............................................
5. Conclusion.............................................................
6. References............................................................
7. Appendix...............................................................
 STUDY OF THE ENERGY
CONSUMPTION PATTER IN THE
NEIGHBOURHOOD
ABSTRACT
The study was done in Buddhabhumi-4, Buddhi , Kapilvastu district
with broad objectives of assessing the energy consumption pattern of
people. Extensive field work was done in Jan 2024. The major energy
resources used in study areas were biomass-based fuel NEA supplied
electricity and petroleum product. To conduct a detailed study of
energy consumption and analysis using appropriate research methods
such as surveys. This could help identify specific trends and patterns
in energy consumption, as well as opportunities for energy efficiency
and conservation measures.

INTRODUCTION
ENERGY RESOURCES IN NEPAL
Nepal has a variety of energy resources, including renewable and
nonrenewable sources. The most significant energy resources in
Nepal are hydroelectricity, with potential to generate on estimate
83,000 MW of hydropower.
Energy consumption in fiscal year 2018/19 totaled annual energy per
capita was 245 units and in the year 2022/23, the annual energy capita
reached 380 units. It has almost doubled on average over the past 7
years.
 RENEWABLE ENERGY
RESOURCES AND RENEWABLE
ENERGY TECHNOLOGY IN NEPAL
Nepal has significant renewable energy resources, including
hydropower,solar,wind and biomass energy. These resources have
potential to provide clean and sustainable energy for a country’s
development needs. The government of Nepal has been promoting
development of hydropower projects through public-private
partnership and foreign investment. The country has already
developed several large-scale hydropower projects, including 456MW
upper Tama Koshi hydropower project and 140MW Tanahu
hydropower project. Climatologically and topographically Nepal is a
diverse country. Therefore, it would be an exaggeration to state that a
specific RET will be useful under all climate and topographical
conditions.

OBJECTIVE
The broad objective of the research is to analyze energy consumption
pattern of people living in Kapilvastu municipality Word no. 4, Nepal.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

STUDY AREA: Kapilvastu district is in inner Terai in Province no.5
in Midwestern of Nepal. The boarding district to north is Argakanchi
to south is Utter Pradesh of India, to the East Rupendahi and to West
Dang, Surkhet, Banke.
The district consists of different geographical features extended from
213m (about 698.82 ft) to 2058m (about 1.28 miles) from sea level. It
lies between longitude and latitude 27.9207°N, 82.7347°E. It covers
1738km2 and Population of 686,739 according to2021. Taulihawa is
the district headquarters of Kapilvastu. The district consists of 6
municipalities and 4 sub municipality. The data are collected from
surveys through questionnaires.
SAMPLING METHOD: A systematic random sampling was done to
select the households to be surveyed.
SAMPLE SIZE: Sample size was taken in such a way that it covered
Buddhi village. Out of total households, 80 were taken which comprise
20% of total households. Sampled households had covered the entire
study area.
PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION: Primary data were collected by
following approaches:
1. FIELD SURVEY/OBSERVATION: Important observation was
noted, and noticeable changes were marked by direct observation and
eye inspection method for indoor air pollution condition, sanitation
condition and health related issues. At the time of field visit the wall of
kitchen and cooking utensils were observed.
2. HOUSEHOLD SURVEY/ QUESTIONNARIES SURVEY:
Household survey was conducted from Jan 6th to 11th 2024. All 80
households of Buddhi were visited. The questionnaires were focused
mainly on the consumption of fuel wood for different purposes, energy
consumption behavior.
3. KEY INFORMANTS INTERVIEW: Key informants were
contacted to solicit relevant information. Visits were made to key
informants like elderly people, agriculture officers, from various local
schools and ward officials.
4. FOUCS GROUP DISCUSSION: A focus group discussion was
carried out among concerned local stakeholders of the 15 number ward
to get information about the past and present status shifting etc. The
major stakeholders involved in focus group discussion included
teachers, social workers, farmers.
5. SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION: Various publications
including project reports, dissertations reports, books, journals,
government policies and electronic materials were collected and
studied to gather additional information supporting primary data.
6. DATA ANALYSIS: The primary data collected from the
questionnaire survey were coded and transferred into a spread sheet and
tabulated manually. MS-word was used to analyze the data with table
charts and figures as required.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

1.POPULATION COMPOSITION BY ETHINICITY: The
respondents are from different ethnic groups like Tharu, Nepali,
Avadhi, Urdu and others. The caste of the respondents comprised of
Tharu 25.14%, Nepali 29.49%, Avadhi 34.45%, Urdu 8.02% and
others 2.90%.

2. POPULATION COMPOSITION BY SEX: Out of 80 respondents

of household survey in the study area, 48.63% were Male and 51.37%
were Female. While Blue color indicate Male and Red color indicate
Female.

Fig: Population composition by Sex

3.FAMILY SIZE: The average family size was found to be 5.63. The
family size of the study area was categorized as a, Family size below
four b,family size between 4-6 and c, family size greater than 6. The
smallest and largest family was found to be 3 and 11 respectively.
4. EDUCATION LEVEL: The education level was unsatisfactory
among the household members. Among the total population 41%
were literate and 59% of the population was illiterate. The population
composition by literacy is shown in the figure.

Fig: Education status

5.LIVESTOCK HOLDING STATUS: Cow, Buffalo, Goat and

Poultry were the major livestock found in the study area. Most
households reared goats and poultry for income generation while
cows and buffaloes were domesticated for only milk and milk
products. The table below presents the status of livestock in the study
area.
S.N. LIVESTOCK NUMBERS
1. COW 25
2. BUFFALO 40
3. GOAT 110
4. POULTRY 650

CONCLUSION
Most of the people in the village are dependent upon agriculture with
some on daily wages. The energy resources were primarily used for
the domestic sector. This study suggests the following points:
• Due to lack of adequate knowledge on renewable energy
sources, people are not using renewable energy widely in the
study area. So, awareness of the use of efficient energy should
be promoted.
• Efficient government policy, planning and implementing
strategy with effective public awareness activities on health
hazards due to indoor smoke should be launched.
 REFERENCES

1.A Case study in buddhi municipality, Kapilvastu, Nepal (Jan 2024)

2.Local news channel; Kapilvastu television, Mayadevi television,
Buddha Aawaj
3.google.com, wikipedia.com, Buddha Bhumi municipality.web.com
4.Local organization; Siddhartha Social Development Centre
(SDDC), Sarthi organization .com, Peace Nepal