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CÁC DẠNG MỆNH ĐỀ

MỆNH ĐỀ DANH TỪ

I. ĐỊNH NGHĨA

Mệnh đề danh từ là mệnh đề có thể đóng vai trò như một danh từ trong câu.

Ex: I don't understand what the teacher said.

→ Đặc điểm của mệnh đề danh từ:

Mệnh đề này thường bắt đầu bằng if, whether và các từ để hỏi như what, why, when, where,
…và từ that.

II. CHỨC NĂNG CỦA MỆNH ĐỀ DANH TỪ

➢ Mệnh đề danh ngữ làm chủ ngữ trong câu

Where/when/why/what/that…+ S + V + V (số ít).

Eg: That she comes late surprises me.

Why she is absent is nothing to me.

When he leaves is up to me.

➢ Mệnh đề danh ngữ làm tân ngữ sau động từ

S + V + what/ where/ when/why/ that……+ S + V

Eg: I don’t know what she wants.

They think that they are wrong.

Can you show me where they are now?

➢ Mệnh đề danh ngữ làm tân ngữ sau giới từ

S + V/be adj+ prep+ where/what/ when/why/that….+ S + V.

Eg: Their decision depends on what they think.

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He is interested in how we could do that.

➢ Mệnh đề danh ngữ làm bổ ngữ cho chủ ngữ

S + tobe + what/ where/when/why/that….+ S + V

Eg: The problem is where you are now.

The main point of the speech is why people should do the morning exercise.

III. MỆNH ĐỀ DANH TỪ RÚT GỌN

Mệnh đề danh ngữ có thể được rút gọn khi:

– Mệnh đề danh ngữ đứng ở vị trí tân ngữ.

– Mệnh đề danh ngữ và mệnh đề chính có chung chủ ngữ. Khi đó, mệnh đề danh ngữ được
rút gọn thành dạng: S + V + Wh…+ to V

Eg: She didn’t know how much coffee she had to make for the meeting.

→ She didn’t know how much coffee to make for the meeting.

MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ

Các dạng mệnh đề trạng ngữ:

➢ Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian

➢ Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích

➢ Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả

➢ Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân

➢ Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ quan hệ tương phản/nhượng bộ

➢ Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thể cách

➢ Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ điều kiện

➢ Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ so sánh

I. MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ THỜI GIAN

Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian thường bắt đầu bằng:
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• Before, after: trước, sau

• as soon as: ngay sau khi,

• while: trong khi,

• when, as: khi,

• until/till: mãi cho đến khi,

• once: khi mà, mỗi khi,

• by, by the time: ngay khi

✓ Before/by/by the time:

Eg: I'll have finished my work by the time/before you come back.

I had finished my work before/by/by the time I went home.

= After I had finished my work, I went home.

✓ As soon as:

Eg: I'll leave as soon as I finish my work.

✓ When/As/While

❑ Cách dùng của “when/as”:

• When + QKĐ, QKĐ:

Eg: When I was young, I liked to eat ice-cream.

• When + QKĐ, QKTD:

Eg: I was reading when he came.

• QKĐ + when + QKHT

Eg: He came when everyone had left

• When + HTĐ, TLĐ

Eg: When you become an adult, you will know the truth.

❑ Cách dùng while:

• while + HTTD, HTTD (while + QKTD, QKTD)

Eg: While we are studying, they are hanging out.

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I was learning while my father was watching TV.

• While + QKTD, QKĐ

Eg: While they were having lunch, she said nothing to him.

➢ Lưu ý: Phân biệt giữa while và during

• While (Conjunction) + Clause

• During (Preposition) + Noun/V-ing

Eg: During lunch, she said nothing to him.

✓ Until/till + clause: cho tới khi

Eg: I'll wait here until you come back.

✓ Once + clause = when : một khi

Eg: Once I have finished my exercises, I'll go out.

✓ Not until/Only when/Only after + clause, inversion.

Eg: Only when he came into light, did I recognize him.

II. MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ MỤC ĐÍCH

Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích là mệnh đề xác định mục đích mà hành động của
mệnh đề chính xảy ra.

Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích thường được bắt đầu bằng:

• so that; in order that (để mà);

• lest (kẻo mà);

• for fear that ( vì sợ rằng)

• so that; in order that:

Eg: She is studing hard so that/in order that she can pass the upcoming exam.

✓ Lest:

Eg: We left the house early lest we would miss the train.

✓ for fear that:

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Eg: I closed the window for fear that the baby should catch cold.

➢ Lưu ý: Để diễn tả chỉ mục đích chúng ta còn có thể sử dụng các từ hoặc cụm từ sau:

✓ in order to/so as to+ V.inf

Eg: She is studing hard in order to pass the upcoming exam.

✓ in order for sb/sth to do sth:

Eg: We prepare everything in order for them to finish the job quickly.

✓ With a view to V - ing/not V – ing

Eg: With a view to passing the upcoming exam, she is studying hard.

III. MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ KẾT QUẢ

Mệnh đề chỉ kết quả là những mệnh đề bổ nghĩa cho mệnh đề chính bằng cách xác định
kết quả.

Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả được bắt đầu bằng:

✓ so (vì vậy),

✓ so... that, such....... that (quá ... đến nỗi)

Eg: She had studied hard so she pass the exam successfully.

❖ Các cấu trúc của “so.... that” và “such.... that”

• S + tobe/verb + so + adj/adv + that + clause

Eg: The coffee is so hot that we can't drink it.

He swam so strongly that he won the first prize.

• S + tobe + such + (a/an) + adj + N + that + clause

Eg: It is such hot coffee that we can’t drink it.

He was such a strong swimmer that he won the first prize.

➢ Lưu ý:

Với cấu trúc “so … that” khi chuyển thành “such ...that” , ta biến động từ chính thành danh
từ, chuyển trạng từ thành tính từ.

Eg: He drives so carelessly that he has many accidents.

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→He is such a carless driver that he has many accidents.

• S + tobe + so + adj + a/an + singular noun + that + clause

Eg: It is so nice a dog that she always take it out for a walk.

Vận dụng:

Eg: She types so careful that she never makes any mistakes.

→ She is such a careful typist that she never make any mistakes.

→ She is so careful a typist that she never make any mistakes.

• S +V+ so +many/few +plural noun +that +clause

Eg: She has so many friends that she can't remember their birthdays.

So few students registered for the class that it was cancelled.

• S + V + so + much/little + uncountable noun + that + clause

Eg: My mother has so little free time that she never watches TV at night.

They spent so much money that they got broken.

IV. MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ NGUYÊN NHÂN

Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân thường bắt đầu bằng:

• Because: Bởi vì

• Since: Bởi vì

• As: Bởi vì

• For: Bởi vì

✓ Since:

• Since + QKĐ, HTHT: Kể từ khi

• Since + HTĐ/HTTD, clause: Bởi vì

Eg: Since you’re in a hurry, we’d better start now.

✓ As:

• As + Clause = Like + N: giống

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• As = when: khi

• As = because: bởi vì

Eg: As we’ve been married for 3 years, it’s time to think about having a baby.

• Because = For + clause:

Eg: Because it rained heavily, the flight was delayed.

➢ Lưu ý:

1. Due to = because of (prep) + Noun: bởi vì

Eg: Because of the heavy rain, the flight was delayed.

Due to the fact that it rained heavily, the flight was delayed.

2. Thanks to sb/st

Owing to sb/st

Eg: The baby is awake thanks to you and your shouting.

3. Seeing that/Now that: thấy rằng, giờ thì

Eg: Seeing that/Now that it rained heavily, she stayed at home.

V. MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ THỂ CÁCH

✓ As & Like: Như là

• As + Mệnh đề:

Eg: When in Rome, do as Roman do.

• Like + tân ngữ:

Eg: Do like me. (= Do as I do)

✓ Phân biệt Alike và Unlike:

• Alike: giống nhau

Eg: The twins look/are alike.

• Unlike + noun:

Eg: Unlike other classmates, I chose to study French.

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✓ As if/As though: Câu giả định (như thể là)

Eg: He talks/is talking as if he were my father.

VI. MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ SỰ NHƯỢNG BỘ/TƯƠNG PHẢN

• While/Whereas + Mệnh đề 1, Mệnh đề 2

Eg: He learns hard whereas his friends don't.

• Although/Though/Even though + Mệnh đề/PII (giảm mệnh đề)

Eg: Although published late, the book received great feedback.

Though it rained heavily, we came to class on time

• Despite/In spite of + Noun/V-ing, clause

Eg: Despite coming late, he wasn't punished.

Though it rained heavily, we came to class on time.

→ Despite the heavy rain, we came to class on time.

Lưu ý: Chỉ dùng được V - ing khi V - ing và mệnh đề có cùng chủ ngữ.

VII. CẤU TRÚC ĐỐI LẬP

✓ However + adj/adv + S + verb

Eg: However hard he tried, he failed the exam.

✓ Adj/adv + as + S + verb

Eg: However hard he tried, he failed the exam.

→ Hard as he tried, he failed the exam.

✓ No matter

• No matter how = however : dù thế nào đi chăng nữa

Eg: No matter how hard he tried, he failed the exam.

• No matter who = whoever: cho dù bất kỳ ai

Eg: No matter who you are, I still believe in you.

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= Whoever you are, I still believe in you.

• No matter what = whatever : dù bất cứ điều gì

Eg: No matter what happens, smile and pass it.

= Whatever happens, smile and pass it.

• No matter where = wherever: bất cứ nơi đâu

Eg: No matter where/wherever you go, your family is still in your heart.

❖ Một số ví dụ luyện tập: (chữa trong video)

1. ______ he always did well on his English tests, his parents were not surprised that he got
an A.

A. When B. While C. Whereas D. Since

2. _______ he thinks he's smart, he isn't.

A. Although B. Because C. Despite D. As

3. The bridge was _________ low that the lorry couldn't go under it.

A. so B. such C. too D. as

4. _________ she is late for the lesson, she gets bad mark for the essay.

A. So that B. Because C. Although D. Because of

5. _______ she got uplate, she missed the train.

A. Whenever B. So that C. Seeing that D. Owing to

6. The man died ________ he got a serious disease.

A. as B. although C. where D. despite

7. They stared at me ________ I were a very strange person.

A. as if B. so that C. although D. despite

8. The librarian arranges the books according to their content _______ people can find them
easily.

A. so that B. since C. when D. whereas

9. You should say goodbye to your brother __________ you leave for Europe

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A. After B. before C. Since D. while

10. Many people gathered in front of the building ___________ they could see the President
clearly.

A. as if B. where C. in order that D. because

11. He doesn't understand ____________ he doesn't speak French very well

A. although B. thanks to C. despite D. because

12. _______ chatting online can be beneficial, it is certainly not the same as real interaction
with

human beings.

A. Where B. Because C. Although D. No matter how

13. She signed the contract _________ she found somes points that she was till confused

A. although B. because C. as if D. despite

14. Her company was bankrupt _________ the country suferred from the Economic crisis.

A. because B. so that C. although D. whereas

15. It was raining __________ they were discussing about the solution to the problem of air
pollution.

A. before B. while C. still D. whereas

16. _______ the exercises are very hard, they still do well.

A. Because B. Even though C. So that D. Seeing that

17. I want to see him _________ he comes back.

A. but B. as if C. as soon as D. only after

18. I will keep studying hard_______ I pass the exam.

A. because B. until C. wherever D. in order to

19. The situation is quite serious; just _______ we heard yesterday.

A. like B. as C. as if D. alike

20. John and Paul are so _______ that people are always confusing them.

A. alike B. unlike C. like D. dislike

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