Timor-Leste Journal of Engineering and Science

Vol. 01, Issue.xx, pp.xx, 2020

Analysis of the Structural Element Model of Stilt House Buildings in

Manemesak Hamlet, Manleuana Village
1 2 3 4
Yuliana Antrina Jaga , Martha Tessalonika Poelinggomang , Chaterine Elisa Pedan , Yohanes Don Bosko Tnines
1,2
Faculty of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Widya Mandira Catholic University, Kupang
3,4
Faculty of Engineering, Architecture Department, Widya Mandira Catholic University, Kupang

Email: yulianajaga45@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Manemesak is one of the hamlets in Manleuana Village, Dili City, Timor Leste, part of which has mountainous topography and a tropical
climate with rainy and hot seasons. This has an impact on soil conditions, causing light erosion in some areas. Based on these things, a simple
house plan was made with a stilt house model that was strengthened by the structural elements. The poles on stilt houses are considered
suitable for construction in uneven areas such as slope areas. The aim of this research is to produce a stilt house design from modern concrete
materials as a form of innovation from traditional stilt houses. The structure of the house still pays attention to the comfort of the occupants
and the safety of the structure in the face of disasters that may occur. The research methods used were interviews with local residents and
evaluation of houses in residential areas. The results of this research will be a reference for modeling disaster response houses which focus
on ground movements due to erosion, earthquakes and floods. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the structural elements of columns,
beams and foundations. The planned column must have a ratio value of less than 1 which shows the column can accept the load acting on the
structure.

Keywords: Structure, column, foundation, house on stilts, ground movement

1. Introduction
Manemesak is one of the hamlets in Dili District, Timor
Leste which has an area of around 0.40 km2 with a
population of around 2379 people in 2024. Most of the area
has topographic conditions in the form of mountains and a
tropical climate with two seasons, namely summer and rainy
season. . Therefore, you can find several houses built on
slopes that are prone to landslides. Apart from slope areas, at
several points in Manemesak Hamlet there is land that is
experiencing light erosion with residential areas built on this
area.
Some of the residential areas were built next to main
roads where the two are limited by drainage channels.
Several points of the drainage channel walls show signs of
collapse due to erosion. This condition is exacerbated by
residents' houses being built right on the edge and adjacent
to retaining walls so that the load on the walls increases and
slowly causes collapse.

Figure 2. House on the edge of the drainage channel wall

Figure 1. Slope Conditions

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Timor-Leste Journal of Engineering and Science
Vol. 01, Issue.xx, pp.xx, 2020

Based on the results of the building layout survey that 3. Results

was carried out, it was found that most of the residents'
houses use river stone foundations, with brick wall structures 3.1. Bulding Design
or wooden wall structures. In fact, it is not uncommon to find
houses that use zinc as a substitute for brick walls. The roof The house building designed is a house on stilts. Choosing a
structure of the house itself uses trusses made of light steel stilt system in house construction is one of the efforts to protect
and trusses made of wood. against disasters. Houses on stilts tend to be safer during floods
Structural elements such as columns, beams, sloofs and because the building construction does not come into direct
foundations basically receive loads that act on the building contact with the ground so the house is not immediately
structure. The designed building must have structural submerged in water. Apart from that, when an earthquake
stability, namely the ability to accept loads while occurs the vibration energy produced will be released under the
maintaining the shape and position of the building. house so it is safer compared to a house that is directly in contact
Therefore, to minimize the risk of structural failure, it is with the ground.
necessary to carry out structural analysis in building
planning. One software that can be used to analyze building
structures is the Etabs application. In this research, the Etabs
application was used to evaluate the performance of the
structural elements of residential buildings planned in
Manemseak Hamlet.
The topography, environment and building conditions
slowly have an impact on the structure of the building itself.
Residential buildings must be resistant to conditions when
ground movement occurs in the area where the house is built.
Based on this, a house on stilts made of concrete material
was designed. Stilt houses are a suitable choice for building
on slopes that have uneven ground surfaces, besides that,
because stilt houses are built higher than the ground surface,
this can help minimize the impact of floods and earthquakes.

2. Research Methodology
The research was conducted in Manemesak Hamlet and
was divided into three stages. In the first stage, a building
layout survey was carried out in residential areas to
determine the condition of residential building structures,
measure building dimensions, and interview local residents.
The second stage, after obtaining the building layout
survey data, a residential building model plan was carried out
in Manemesak Hamlet. The house that is designed must be
adapted to the environmental conditions in the local area.
Therefore, a design for a house on stilts was planned which
was assumed to be built in a residential area in Manemesak
Hamlet where the land experienced light erosion.
The third stage, the residential building structure was
designed using the Autocad application and 3D modeling
using the Sketchup application. The results of the residential
building design will be analyzed for its structural elements.
Structural analysis was carried out using Etabs software to
evaluate whether the designed residential building structure
model has resistance to ground movement. The building
planning and quality procedures used are based on SNI and
literature studies.
Figure 3. 3D model of a house on stilts in SketchUp
The stilt house is planned to use concrete material. In
general, stilt houses are built using wooden materials.
However, using concrete as a substitute for wood will give a
more modern impression. Concrete material is more
expensive than the wooden material used in traditional stilt
houses. However, the use of concrete is considered stronger
and has a long-term effect because it is more durable.
Concrete material is heavier compared to the wooden
material usually used in traditional stilt houses. Therefore,
the foundation used must be stronger to be able to accept the
load. The alternative foundation used is a site foundation
(pondasi setempat). Site foundations are able to withstand
loads well because they have a large bearing capacity, which
affects the stability and robustness of the building.

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Timor-Leste Journal of Engineering and Science
3.2. Strength Analysis of Building Structures
The planned structure of the stilt house has an area of 6
x 8 m and stands on medium ground with a building height
of 4.5 m. For columns measuring 30 x 30 cm, and beam and
sloof elements measuring 30 x 25 cm. Meanwhile, the size
of the children's blocks is 20 x 15 cm. The column at the
bottom of the stilt house is 1 m high. The type of
reinforcement used is based on SNI 2052-2014, namely
BjTP 280 for reinforcement with a diameter of 10 mm and
BjTS 420B for reinforcement with a diameter of 18 mm.
Meanwhile, the type of concrete is k275 concrete which has
a quality of 24 MPa. The modulus of elasticity of concrete is
calculated using the formula 4700√f’c so that the modulus of
elasticity of concrete is 23,025 MPa.
Based on calculation results using the Excel application,
the dead load on the floor slab is 231 kg/m2 and the live load
for floors in residential houses according to SNI 03-1727-
1989 is 200 kg/m2. The dead load on the ceiling is 20 kg/m2
and the M/E load is 25 kg/m2. Meanwhile, earthquake load
calculations are based on SNI 1726:2012 and the Indonesian
Spectra Design website. The values obtained on this site are
processed according to SNI guidelines to obtain earthquake
loads.
Analysis of the structural elements of the stilt house
using Etabs software produces the stress ratio of the column
elements. The stress ratio value is produced from the load
combination under review. The load combination in
modeling the structure of a house on stilts is taken from SNI
1727:2020. The load combination used is dead load, live load
and seismic load which work simultaneously.
Gambar 4. House Structure Modeling in Etabs
Vol. 01, Issue.xx, pp.xx, 2020
Based on the results of the structural analysis, the
minimum stress ratio value was 0.265 and the maximum
stress ratio was 0.580. So the column is declared strong
because it has a stress ratio < 1. This shows that the column
is able to accept the load acting on the structure. On the other
hand, if the column stress ratio value is >1, it means that the
column is overloaded, so it needs to be strengthened by
increasing the dimensions of the column, increasing the
amount of reinforcement, and changing the type of material
used.
4. Conclusion
The conclusion obtained is that the column structural
elements are designed to meet the requirements to be able to
withstand a combination of loads. Meanwhile, the
foundation elements use a local type of foundation that is
adapted to the soil conditions in Manemesak Hamlet. Apart
from paying attention to the structure of the building, it is
best to avoid building a house on slopes and soil that is
experiencing erosion in order to minimize the risk of failure
of the building structure due to these conditions.
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