Noraya O.

Cañedo
Applied Mathematics
CALCULUS
1. Use the following curves and find the
slope at any point by the use of
derivative.
Sol’n. :

2. Find the derivation of (4x+2) 6. Differentiate the function y=3 x 2+ 16 x3

Solution: with respect to x.
To find the derivation
of (4x+2) We are going to Y=3x²+16x³
Use the chain rule.
dy/dx= 3(2)x²-¹+16(3)x³-¹

f'(x) = g` (h (x)) • h' (x) = 6x+48x²

f'(x) = 3 (4x+2)². 4
f'(x) = 12 (4x+2)² dy/dx=6x+48x²

3. . Differentiate the function

y= 3x²+16x3 with respect to x.
7. Find the derivative of (3x+5)5
y= 3x²+16x^3
d/dx[(3x+5)⁵]

dy/dx = 3(2)x^(2-1)+ 16 (3)x^3

=5(3x+5)⁴•d/dx[3^x +5]
=6x^1+48^2
dy/dx=6x+48x^2 =5(3x+5)⁴(3•d/dx(x) + d/dx (5))

4. If y = 2x3-6x, Find dy/dx =5(3x+5)⁴(3x+0)

=15(3x+5)⁴

Solution:
dy/dx= 2(3) x^(3-1)-6(1)x^(1-1)
=6x^2-6x^0
dy/dx=6x^2-6
0

5. Integrate ∫ sec( x )tan ( x ) dx

π
4
 3. Solve sec 2 x tan y dx+ sec 2 y tan x dy=0

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

dy
1. Solve cos 2 x + y=tan x
dx

dy x− y 2 dx
4. Solve =e + x
dx

Dy/dx=e^x-y +x²e^-y

=e^-ye^x+e^-3x²

=e(e^x+x²)

2. Solve ydx−xdy −3 x2 y ¿ =0

5. Solve for dy/dx-y-x=2x²

 dy 1
6. Solve dx = 2
3y

ENGINEERING DATA ANALYSIS

1. Find the sample size if the population
size is 500 at 90% accuracy
n=500, e=5%

N
n= 2
1+ N e

500
=
1+ 500¿ ¿

=222.22

2. If the probability that a missile will hit

7. Solve 3(3x²+y²)dx-2xydy=0 the target is 3/5, find the probability of
exactly 4 hits out of 6 tries,

N=6, r=4, p=3/5

Q= 1-p= 1 –(3=5)=2/5

P=nCr•p^r•q^n-r

P=6(4•3/5)⁴•(2/5)^6-4

P=972/3125=0.3114
3. P(x) is the probability density, with x T={1,2 3,4,5,6}=6
being a discrete random variable. Find
the standard deviation of x. S={5,6}=2

Pgreater than 4=S/T

=2/6=1/3

7. In a drawer, there are white socks,

and some black socks. Tim takes out
one sock and the a second. Draw atree
diagram to show the possible
outcomes

4. Find the sample size if the population

size is 1,300 at 78% accuracy?
NUMERICAL METHODS
n=N/1+Ne²
1. Use Newton's Method to determine X 2
=1300/1+1300(0.02)² for f(x) = x3-7x2+ 8x-3 if Xo = 5
=855.26

5. Use a tree diagram to show all the F’(x)=3x²-14x+8

possible outcomes when the two
unbiased coins are tossed. 1st Iteration

X¡=Xo-f(Xo)/f’(Xo)

=5-f(5)/f’(5)

=5- -13/13

Xi=6

6. When a die is rolled, the probability for

getting a number greater than 4 is?
2. If A=2i+3j-8k, B=i+8j-4k and C=5i- 6. Use the Taylor series Expansion with
6j+3k. Determine the resultant of n=0 to 2 to approximate f(x)=cost at
Vector A, B, and C. x¡+1=pi/3 on the basis of the value of
f(x) and its derivative at x¡=pi/4

3. A= [ 13 24 ] , B¿ [108 97]

7. Find the root of f(x) = x2-5 between

(0,4), 2 iterations.

4. Determine the component and

magnitude of Vector A= 2i + 3j+5k.

5. Define a vector whose coordinate of

head is (2,5,-6) and tail (-2,-4,8)

PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS

1. A bullet leaves a rifle with muzzle

velocity of 521 m/s. While accelerating
 through the barrel of the rifle, the
bullet moves a distance of 0.840m.
Determine the acceleration of the
bullet (assume a uniform acceleration).
4. A tractor pulls a loaded wagon with a
constant force of 440 N. IF the total
mass of the wagon and its contents is
275 kg, what is the wagon's
acceleration? (Ignore any frictional
forces)

A rope is used to pull a 2.89-kg bucket of

water out of a deep well 5. A car traveling at 22.4 m/s skids to a

2. What is the acceleration of the bucket

when the tension in the rope is 30-2N?
3. If starting from rest, what speed will
the bucket have after experiencing this
Force for 2.16 seconds.

Given: m= 2.89 kg, T=30.2 N, Vo = 0m/ s, t

= 2.16

Required: 2. a=? , 3.v=?

6. stop in 2.55 s. Determine the skidding

distance of the car ( assume uniform
acceleration)

7. A man walks 7km in 2 hours and 2 km

in 1 hour in the same direction. What
 is the man average speed for the 3=(1.12)^n
whole journey?
ln3= ln(1.12)

n=ln(1.12)/ln3

n= 9.69 years
8. What is the moment of inertia of a 2-
kg long uniform rod with length of 2m?
The axis of rotation located at one end
of the rod. 3. $1,700.00 is borrowed for 29 days at
29% per annum simple interest. How
Given: m=2 kg, L=2 m much will be due at the end of 29
days?
I=1/3(2kg)(2m)²
n=d/360=29/360=0.081
I=8/3 kg•m²
F=P (1+i)

= 1700(1+(29%)(0.081)

=1739.933

4. What is the annual rate of interest if

P265 is earned in Four months on an
investment of P15,000?

N=4/12=1/3 year
ENGINEERING ECONOMY
I=I/Pn
1. Find the annual payments to
=265/(15000)(1/3)×100%
extinguish a dept of $10,000 payable
in 5 tears at 12% compounded =5.3%
annually?

A=P[I/m-m+i)^-n
5. $ 5, 681.00 is borrowed for 90 days at
=1000[12%/1-(1+12%^-⁵] 56.21% per annum simple interest.
How much will be due at the end. of
A = 2774.10
90 days?

2. How long will it take inventory to triple

itself if invested of 12% per unit?

F=P (1+i)^n

P= 3P (1.12)^n

3P/P=(1.12)^n
 =40s

6. Determine the exact simple interest on Error= 100 tan(40)

P5,000 for the period from January 15
to November 28, 1992 if the rate of Error= 0.019 m
interest is 22%.
2. Radial Traverse PQ, PR, PS, PT has
observed angle a, β∧θ as shown.

7. $2,900 is borrowed for 29 days a 29%

per annum simple interest. How much
will be due at 29 days?

n=d/360=29/360

F=P (1+i)

=$ 2900 [(1+29%)(29/360)]

=$ 2900 (1.023361111)

=$ 2967.747

3. A line PQ, is measured and recorded

SURVEYING
1. An observer fails to check the bubbles,
and it is of two divisions on a 100m
sight. What error results for a 20,
bubble?
as a slope distance of 254.56 ft with a
slope of 4°00'00. If the actual slope of
the line is 3°00'00". What is the error
introduced as a result of the incorrect
slope?
HDtrue=SDcosB

Angular error=2(20) = (257.56ft)cos3°00’00=257.21 ft

 HD incorrect = (257.56 ft)cos error of the instrument and the
4°00’00”=256.93 ft corrected reading to from point 2.

Hderror= Htrue-Hincorrect E=0.923-0.894-1.100+1.083/2 =

= 257.21-256.93
=0.28ft
4. A 100 ft steel tape is suspended in the
air between a theodolite and a vertical
rod, which is placed exactly at the 100
ft mark. The slope of the measured
line is 1° 40'. The tension on the tape
is 18 lbf, and the wt. of the tape per
unit length is 0.02 lbf. The horizontal
distance bet. the theodolite and rod is.
0.006 m
Corrected reading at B= 1.100-0.006=
1.094m
7. What error results on a 50 m sight
with level if the rod reading is 1.505 m
but the top of 3m rod is 0.3 m out of
plumb?

MATERIALS FOR CONSTRUCTION

5. A surveyor measures a distance as
39.56 ft using break chaining. The
tape is not accurately levelled and at
the plum bob end is 2 ft lower than its
should be. Determine the correct
horizontal distance?
1. A metal rod of 12mm diameter
fractures under 440 kgf load. Final
diameter becomes 7.4mm. Calculate
the true strength.

2. From problem 1, What is the

engineering strength?

6. The rod readings are 0.894m and

0.923 to A and B respectively, From
point 1 and 1.083m and 1.100m to A
and B respectively, From point 2. The
distance between the point in the best
was 50 m. What is the collimation
 3. From problem 1, calculate the 6. From Problem 4, calculate the modulus
reduction in cross sectional area? of resilience.

% RA=Ao-Af/Ao×100

=113.1-43/113.1×100 7. The initial cross-sectional area of a

tensile specimen is 0.2 cm? If there is
RA= 61.98% volume change, determine the crocs-
sectional area when the engineering
4. A steel rod (8x20mm in cross- strain is 30%.
sectional and 250cm long) carries
60KN load without yielding and
Fractures at 72 KN- Calculate the yield
strength.E=210000 MPa

QUANTITY SURVEYING

1. Determine the quantity of cement,

sand and gravel of a concrete slab of
4" thk a general dimension of 20m x
30m.
5.
Area=20m x 30m=600sqm
From Problem 4, calculate the length after 60
KN load application.
Volume= 0.100 x 600= 60 cum

Using Class A:

Cement=60cum x 9=540 bags

Sand= 60cum x 0.5=30 cum

Gravel= 60 cum x 1= 60 cum

2. Find the number of 6" x 8" 16"
concrete hollow blocks for the
construction of fire wall 8m high and
30m long.

6 in=0.15m , 8 in=0.20m ,
16in=0.40m

Area=0.20×0.40=0.08sqmhi40sqm/
0.08sqm = 3000 pieces

3. In Figure shown Figure below, Find the

cement and sand necessary to plaster
a two sides of 3m x 4m wall with a
plaster thickness of 16mm.

5. Determine the number of 12mm

diameter steel bars if there are 30 pcs
of 1.15m x 1.15m independent sq.
footing

Net length =1.00×0.20=1.20m

4. From the figure below, list down the
cement and sand necessary to plaster N=6(2) both sides
2 Faces of the fence at an average
thickness of 20mm using class C = 12 pcs per footing
mixture and using 6" CHB.
Total Length

360×1.20=432m

432/6=72 pcs of 12 mm×6.0m steel

bars

6. Let it be required to find the no. of 6"

hollow blocks needed for the work.
 Blocks are supported by 8" x
concrete post. Area 12m x 3m
Area=12 m× 3m=36sqm
Area for occupied by the post
0.20×3=0.60m × 3.0m
A=1.80sqm
=36sqm-1.80sqm
=34.20sqm
=33.20/0.08
=428 pcs
7. In 60m x 2.60m .find the quantity of
hollow blocks cement for mortar .
Using 4”CHB.
Area wall= Perimeter × height
= 60 m × 1.60 m= 156sqm
CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONAL
SAFETY AND HEALTH
1. A construction project has 80 workers.
The projects manager wants to ensure
that each worker has access to at least
one first aid kit. If each first aid costs
$50, how much money does the
project manager need to budget for
first aid kit?
Total Budget= Total Workers × cost of
each first aid kit
= 80 ×$50
=$1400
2. A construction company wants to
reduce its Total Recordable Incident
rate (TRIR) by 10% in next year. If
8" the current TRIR is 0.06, what should
be the target TRIR for the next year.
Target TRIR=Current TRIR-(current TRIR
×Target reduction %)
= 0.06-(0.06×0.10)
= 0.054
3. A construction site has experienced is
near misses in the post 6 months, If
the site operates 5 days a week, how
many near misses occur on average
per week?
Average no. Of near misses per week
= total near misses/ no. Of week in 6
months
= 15/6(4)=0.625
4. The safety team conducted a safety
training session that lasted for 6 hrs. If
there were 40 workers in attendance,
what was the total no. of worker-
hours Spent on training session?
Total Working hrs=No. Of workers ×
duration the training session
=40×6
=240hours
5. A construction worker has 250
workers. The company wants to
ensure that each worker has at least 2
safety training sessions per year. If
each training session lasts for 4 hours,
how many total hours of safety
training are needed annually?
Total hours=Total Workers ×No of
training session per worker × duration
of each training session
=250×2×4
=2000 hours
 6. A construction company wants to
calculate its total Recordable incident
Rate (TRIR) for the past year. During
the year, there were 4 lost-time
injuries, 8 restricted work injuries, and
20 medical treatment cases. If the
total no. of hours worked by all
employees during the year was
500,000, calculate the TRIR.
TRIR=[(Total lost- Time injuries +total
restricted work injuries + Total
medical treatment case/ total hours
worked × 200000
=4+8+20/500000×200000
=0.064
7. The safety officer on a construction
site conducts safety inspection every
month. If each inspection takes 2 hrs
to complete, how many total hrs does
safety officer spend on inspections in a
year?
Total hrs= No. Of inspection/yr × duration
of each inspection
= 12×2
=24hours
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
1. A vehicle travels at a constant speed of 60
miles per hour. How par does it travel in
2.5 hours?
Distance=Speed × Time
=60 miles/hrs (2.5hr)
=150 miles
2. A train travels from City A to City B, a
distance of 300 kilometers. If it travels at
an average speed of 100 kilometers per
hour, how long does the journey take?
Time=Distance/Speed
=200 km/100km/hrs
=3 hours
3. A delivery truck travels a total distance of
500 miles, making steps every 50 miles.
How many stops does it make during the
trip ?
No. Of stops=Total Distance/Distance
bet. Stops
= 500 miles/50miles/stop
= 10 stops
4. An airplane travels an average speed of
500 miles per hour. If it flies for 4 hours,
how far does it travel?
Distance=Speed × Time
=500 miles/hrs ×4hrs
=2000 miles
5. A shipping company charges $3 per mile
for deliveries a distance of 150 miles, how
much does the delivery cost?
6. The ruling minimum radius of horizontal
curve of national highway in a plain
terrain for a ruling design speed of 100
km/hour with e=0.01 and f= 0.15 is close
to ______.
V=100km/h=27.77m/s
E+f=v²/rg
V=v²/g(e+f)=(27.78)²/9.81(0.07 to 1.5)
 =357.58
7. Design rate of super elevation for
horizontal highway curve of radius 450m
for a mixed traffic condition, having a
speed of 126 km/hrs.
CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
PRINCIPLES AND METHODS
1. A construction project has a budget of
$500,000. If 40% of the budget is
allocated for labor costs, 30% for
materials, and the remaining for
equipment and overhead expenses,
how much money is allocated for
materials?
Materials budget=30% of $500000
=0.30×$500000=$150000
2. A construction company estimates that
a projects will require 2000 hours of
labor, If the company employs 10
workers for the projects, How many
hours will each worker need to work
on average?
Average=Total hours/No. Of workers
=2000 hrs/10 workers
=200 hours per worker
3. A construction crew can lay 500 bricks per
hour. If a wall requires 10, 000 bricks,
how many hours will it take the crew to
complete the wall?
Hours required= No. Of bricks =bricks laid
per hour
=10000bricks/500
bricks/hrs
=20 hours
4. A construction company has a profit
margin of 20% on project that cost
$500,000 How much profit does the
company make on the project?
Profit=Profit margin × Project Cost
=0.20× $500000
=$100000
5. A construction project is scheduled to
start on Jan. 1st and finish on April
30th. If the project duration is 120
days what is the average no. of
working days per month required to
complete the projects?
Average working days per month
=project duration/no. Of months
=120days/4montgs
=30days per month
6. A construction projects has a total
budget of $1,000,000. If 60% of the
budget is allocated for labor, 20% for
materials, and the rest for other
expenses, how much money is
allocated for other expenses?
Other expenses budget= Total budget-
(Labor+Material budget)
=$1000000-(0.60×$1000000)-0.20x
$100000)
=$200000
7. A construction project requires 100
tons of gravel for the foundation. If
gravel is sold in bags containing 50
pounds each, how many bags of
gravel need to be purchased?
Hydraulics and Geotechnical surface. Find the total pressure acting
Engineering on one side of the gate at its location
from the bottom.
FLUID MECHANICS

1. A reservoir of molasses has a mass of

1200 kg and a volume of 0.85 m³.
Find it’s a). Weight,W , b)Unit weight,
c) mass density and d) specific gravity

5. Convert 8m of oil (S=0.85) to

molasses (5m=1.5)

Hm=Ho(So/Sm)

=8(0.85/1.5)
2. Water in a hydraulic press initially at
137 kPa absolute. Using EB = 2.5 GPa, =4.53 m
determine the percentage decrease in
the volume of water.

6. Find the mass density of helium gas at

a temperature of 4° C and a pressure
of 184 kPa gage if atmosphere
pressure is 101. 92 kPa. (R = 2079
J/kg.° k)

3. A pressure gage 6m above the bottom

of the tank containing a liquid reads 90
kla. Determine the specific weight, γ of
a liquid.

7. What is the value of the surface

tension of a small drop of water

4. A vertical rectangular gate 1.5m wide

and 3m high is submerged in water
with its top edge 2m below the water
 0.3mm in diameter which is in contact
with air if the pressure within the
droplet is 561 Pa
BUOYANCY AND FLOTATION
1. An iceberg having sp. gr. of 0.92 is
floating in salt water of sp. gr. of 1.03.
If the volume of the iceberg above the
water surface is cu. m, what is the
total volume of the ice?
2. A stone weighs 460 N in air. When
submerged in water, it weighs 300N.
Find the volume and specific weight of
the stone.
3. A cube of wood (s.g=0.60) has 9-in
sides. Compute the magnitude and
direction of the force required to hold
the wood completely submerged in
water.
4. A block of wood 0-20m thick is floating
in sea water. The sp. gr. of wood is
0.65 while that of seawater is 1.03.
Find the minimum area of a block
which will support a man weighing 80
kg.
5. A block dimension w of wood 0.60 x
0.6 x h meters in thrown in to the
water and floats with 0.18m projecting
above the water surface. The same
block was thrown into a container of a
liquid having a sp. gr. of 0.90 and it
 floats with 0.14 projecting above the
surface. Determine the value of h.

RELATIVE EQUILIBRIUM OF LIQUIDS

1. An open cylindrical tank 1.6m in

diameter and 2m high is pull of water.
When rotated about would its vertical
axis at 30 rpm, what would be the
6. Determine the sp.gr. of the block from slope of the water surface at a rim of
problem 5. the tank?

2. A vessel containing oil is accelerated

7. A plastic cube of side 1000 mm and on a plane inclined 15° with the
sp. gr. of 0.82 is placed vertically in horizontal at 1.2 m/s2. Determine the
water. Is the cube stable? inclination of the oil surface when the
motion is upwards.
3. Determine when the inclination of oil
surface when motion is downward
from Problem 2.
4. A cylindrical water tank used in lifting
water to the top of a tower is 15m
high. IF the pressure at the bottom of
the tank is must not exceed 16 kPa,
what maximum vertical acceleration
can be imposed in the cylindrical when
it is filled with water.
HYDRODYNAMICS
5. A vessel 3m in diameter containing
2.4m of water is being raised. Find the
pressure at the bottom of the vessel in
kPa when velocity is constant.
6. From problem 5. Find the pressure at
the bottom of the vessel when it is
accelerating 0.6 m/s2 upwards.
7. An open cylindrical tank, 2m in
diameter and 4m high contains water
to a depth of 3m. It is rotated about
its own vertical axis with a constant
angular speed ω . If ω=3rad/s, is there
any liquid spilled?
1. A hose and nozzle discharges a
horizontal water jet against a nearby
vertical plate. The flow rate of water is
0.03 m3/s, and the diameter of the
nozzle tip is 30mm. Find the horizontal
force necessary to hold the plate in
place.
2. A jet of water flowing at the rate of
0.12 m3/s hits a vertical building wall
 horizontally at close range with a force
of at dose range with a 1000 N.
Determine the diameter of the jet in
mm.
F=pQv
=pQ × Q/A
7000=1000(0.12)²×1/pi/4D²
D=0.051 m=51 mm
3. A jet of water was issued horizontally
in a 50nm-diameter orifice, with C =
0.60 and Cv = 0.90, under a head of
5m. What is the force available in the
jet?
4. A small ingot and platform rest on a
steady water jet as shown. If the total
weight supported is 950 N, what is the
jet velocity in m/s?
5. A jet having a of diameter of 50mm
and a velocity of 12m/s is deflected
and through an angle of 180° by a
fixed curved van. Neglecting friction,
determine the horizontal and vertical
components of the force exerted by
the jet on the vane.
6. The vane turning 120° in the figure
shown is mounted on a water tank. It
is struct by a 75-mm-diameter, 12 m/s
water jet, which turns and falls into
the water tank without spilling, what is
the force F required to hold the water
tank.
Fx=pQ(V1x-V2x)
Q=A1V1
=Pi/4(0.075)²(12)
=0.053 m³/s
Fx=1000(0.053)(12-0)
=636 N
F=Fx=636N
7. A horizontal jet of water flowing freely
in the atmosphere is deflected.
through an angle of 90° by a fixed
curved vane. If the water has a
diameter of 40 mm and a velocity of 8
 m/s, what is the force required to hold
the vane in place?
3. From problem 2 find the void ratio of
the specimen.

4. A soil sample has a mass of 500g and

occupies a volume of 300 cm3.
Calculate the unit weight of the soil.
SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATION

1. A borrow material has a volume of

191,000m3 and void ratio of 1.2 After
compaction its new void ratio is 0.7,
find the corresponding volume?

5. A soil sample has a total volume of

400 cm3 and a solid volume of 320cm3.
Calculate the porosity of the soil.

N=Vt-Vs/Vt

=400cm³-320cm³/400cm³

=0.2

2. The total volume of soil specimen is

80,000 mm3 and it weighs 150 grams. 6. A soil layer has a total stress of 20
The dry weight of the specimen is kPa. Calculate the effective stress if a
130g and the density of the soil solids pore water pressure is 20 kPa.
is 2680 kg/m3 .Find the water content.

%W=Mmoist-Mdry/Mdry×100

=150-130/130×100

=15.38 %
 7. A sample of moist soil was found t
have the ff. characteristics. Volume=
0.01456 (as sampled) Mass: 25.74 kg
(as sampled) = 22.10 kg (after oven
dry) Find the moist and dry density.
3. A soil sample has a porosity of 0.4
and a bulk density of 1.5 g/m 3,
calculate the soil's particle density.

4. A soil sample has a field capacity of

30% and a writing point of 10%. If
the soil moisture content is
currently at 20%, calculate the
available water content per meter
of soil depth.

Available water=30%-10%=20%

Available water content per meter

of soil depth

WATER SUPPLY SOIL PROPERTIES
1. A cylindrical well has a diameter of
3m and a depth of 12 m. If the
water level in the well rises by 1
meter after heavy rainfall, calculate
the increase in the volume of
water.
=0.20×1
=0.20 m
5. A water pipe with a diameter of
10cm supplies water to a
community at a flow rate 0.5 m3
per minute. Calculate the velocity
of water flowing through the pipe.

2. A soil sample has a particle density

of 2.5 g/cm3 and moisture content
of 20%. Calculate the bulk density
of the soil.
6.
A water tank measures 8m in
diameter and 6m in height. If it is
filled to 80% of its capacity,
calculate the volume of water it
currently holds.
 7. A rectangular plot of land
measures. 50m by 30m. If the soil
moisture content is 15%, calculate
the volume of water present in the
soil.

Area=L × W

=30m×50m

=1500m²

V= A× soil depth (moisture content )

=1500m²(1m)(0.15)

=225 m³