How to solve the

VENN DIAGRAM
Jaime Islas Morales-Mariana Maciel Rivera

What are venn diagram History

English mathematician John Venn
Venn diagrams are diagrams used to visually depict sets, relationships developed the Venn diagram in 1881. He
between sets, and operations on sets. The Venn diagram shows the created it to show inclusion and exclusion
relationship among sets using circles interactions between sets properly.
and the area they cover concerning each other. However, he didn’t name it the Venn
A Venn diagram, also known as a set diagram, depicts several set Diagram. He referred to the circles as
operations like set intersection, set union, and set difference. We may ‘Eulerian circles.’ In his 1918 book, A
also use it to represent subsets of a set. Survey of Symbolic Logic, Clarence Lewis
first called it the Venn diagram.

Part of Venn Diagram

universal set
A Venn diagram includes a universal set
and all other sets included in this universal
set. A well-defined collection of objects is
known as a set. The universal set (U) is
typically depicted by a closed rectangle
that contains all of the sets. Circles or
ovals represent the sets and subsets.
In the above Venn diagram, the universal
set includes all the elements in the
rectangle. So, U = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
Subset
A subset is a set that is included within a
larger set. The symbol represents that a
set is a subset of another set.
The above Venn diagram shows a universal
set U, with sets A and B. The subset C has
two elements: C = {4, 5}. This is again a part
of A = {3, 4, 5}. All the elements of set C are
a part of set A. So, set C is a subset of set A
or C A.
Union of sets
Suppose we have two sets, P and
Q, with some elements in both of
them. Then, the union of these
sets will combine all the elements
present in both sets. We
represent this operation as P
Q. The symbol represents the
union of sets.

Intersection of Sets Complement of a Set

Suppose we have two sets, P
and Q. Then, the intersection of
these sets will contain all the
common elements in both sets.
We represent this operation as
P ∩ Q. The symbol ∩ represents
the intersection of sets.
The region in the universal set, apart from the
area covered by the set P, is the complement
of set P. Complement of a set P (for example)
is denoted by the symbol P’.
The complement of a set P’ denotes items that
are not included in set P. The yellow-shaded
region in the above Venn diagram denotes the
complement P’ of the set P.

Exercise
150 college freshman were interviewed.
85 were registered for a math class.
70 were registered for an English class.
50 were registered for both math and English.

M E

35 50 20

45 U=150
What is the probability of a college freshman signed up only for a
math class?

35/150 = 0.233 => 23.3%

What is the probability of a collage freshman have not chosen
either subject?

45/150 = 0.3 => 30%

What is the probability of a college freshman signed up math and

english? P(M n E)

50/150 = 0.333 => 33.3%