Attachment C

Activity 1: VOLUME-TEMPERATURE Relationship at Constant Pressure of a Gas

Objective:
At the end of the activity, you should be able to identify and plot the given values of volume against temperature
at constant pressure of a gas.

Materials:
Graphing paper or clean sheet of bond paper, pencil, and ruler.

Procedures:

1. Open the Phet Simulation. Check the width box which represents the volume (in nanometer) of the container.
2. Fill the container with gas particles by dragging the handle three times up and down.
3. At the upper right side of the simulation panel, find constant parameter. Select the Pressure-Volume as constants in
the simulation.
3. Slide up (increase the temperature) and down (decrease the temperature) to change the temperature.
5. Record the volume expansion from the simulation using the given table.
6. After completing the table, plot the data using a graph paper.

Table 1: Charles’ Law Volume-Temperature Data

V (nm)
T (K) 200 250 300 350 400 450

VT Graph of Table 1
14
Volume of Gas in nm
13

12

11

10

0
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950
Temperature of Gas in K
(• A straight diagonal graph should be illustrated)
Closure:
As you observed from the graph above, Charles’ Law explains that when temperature increases, the volume
also increases; and if the temperature decreases, the volume decreases. Thus, the relationship between volume and
temperature of a gas at constant pressure is directly proportional.
K-12 Lesson Exemplar | 1
 Attachment D

Activity 2: Problem Set on Charles’ Law

Exercise 1:
A sample of gas has an initial volume of 44.8 mL and an initial temperature of 415 K. What is the new volume if the
temperature is increased to 659 K? Assume constant pressure and amount of the gas.

Given:
Initial volume (V1) = 44.8 mL
Initial temperature (T1) = 415 K Solution:
Final temperature (T2) = 659 K V2 = (T2) (V1) / T1
Final volume (V2) = ? = (659 K * 44.8 mL) / 415 K = 71.14 mL
Therefore, the new volume of gas is 71.14 mL at 659 K.

Exercise 2:
A sample of a gas has a volume of 78.5 mL at 450C. What volume will the sample occupy at 00C when the pressure is
held constant?
Given:
V1= 78.5 mL T1= 450C = 45 + 273.15 = 318.15 K
V2=? T2= 00C = 0 + 273.15 = 273.15 K

Exercise 3:
At 225.0 °C a gas has a volume of 400.0 mL. What is the volume of this gas at 127.0 °C?

Note: Temperatures in 0C should be converted into K.

V2 = (V1) (T2 ) / T1

V2 = (400.0 mL) (400.0 K) / (498.0 K)

V2 = 321 mL

K-12 Lesson Exemplar | 2

 Attachment E

Activity 3: Applications of Charles’ Law

Objective:
At the end of this activity, you should be able to appreciate Charles’ law and cite its practical applications in your
daily life.

Materials:

1. Why do you take shorter breaths in a very cold environment?

In a very cold surrounding, the temperature of air decreases. As a consequence, the temperature of the
air inside the body also decreases. According to Charles’s law, volume is directly proportional to temperature at
constant pressure. So, the volume of the air decreases with the temperature. It made the lungs to shrink that
take a shorter breath, and physical activities like jogging becomes difficult during cold days.

2. Hot Air Balloon

A torch is used to heat the air molecules inside the balloon. The molecules move faster and disperse within the space.
The gas inside the balloon takes up more space/volume, becoming less dense than the air surrounding it. As such, the
hot air inside the balloon rises because of its decreased density and causes the balloon to float.

3. Hot Fluffy Bread

Charles’s Law finds its way into our kitchens as well. Yeast is often used in baking to make the bakery products fluffy.
Yeast is responsible for releasing carbon dioxide bubbles. These carbon dioxide bubbles expand further with high
temperature. The expansion of the carbon dioxide bubbles with an increase in temperature works as a leavening agent
and cause the bakery products to become fluffy.

Closure: Charles’s Law is an experimental gas law that describes how gases tend to expand when heated. The law
states that if a quantity of gas is held at a constant pressure, there is a direct relationship between its volume and the
temperature, as measured in Kelvin.

K-12 Lesson Exemplar | 3

 Attachment F

Wrap-Up

To summarize what you have learned today, complete the statements by filling in each blank with a correct answer
using the word written in each balloon.

Charles's law is a gas law relates volume to temperature. The law is named after (1) Jacques Alexandre Charles, who
was a French inventor and scientist. He found through his experiment the volume of a gas increases linearly with an
increase in the (2) temperature. Shrinking of an inflated balloon and a bicycle tire in a very low temperature show the
decrease of (3) volume which explains that the relationship of volume and temperature is directly related at constant
(4) pressure. For a given sample of gas under two different conditions at a constant pressure, the equation can be
V1 V2
written as (5) =
T1 T2

K-12 Lesson Exemplar | 4