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EXP 2 - Kirchhoff's laws

Introduction to electrical engineering (Al-Azhar University)

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Experiment No.2
Kirchhoff's laws
Object
To verify Kirchhoff's voltage and current laws for simple DC circuits.
Components
 White breadboard
 5 Various Resistors
 Wires
 DC power supply
 AVO meter
Theory
 Kirchhoff's current law
States that the sum of the currents flowing into a junction or node is equal to the
sum of the currents flowing out of that junction.

 Kirchhoff's voltage law

State that the algebraic sum at all voltages around path or loop is zero.

Example:

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Find all currents by using Kirchhoff’s Law

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law

Loop 1: -Vs +V1 +V2 +V5 = 0

Loop 2: -V2 +V3 +V4 = 0
Kirchhoff's Current Law
Node a: Is=I1
Node b: I1-I2-I3=0
Node c: I3= I4
Node d: I2+I4-I5=0
Procedure
Step 1. Construct the circuit shown in figure 1 using these resistor values:
R1 = Ω
R2 = Ω
R3 = Ω
R4 = Ω
R5 = Ω
Step 2. Use the Ohmmeter Tool to measure the actual resistor values.

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Step 3. Connect the fixed power supply (5 Volts) at node a and connect node e to
ground as Vs.
Step 4. Accurately measure all voltages and calculate currents in the circuit using
the Volt Meter Tool.
Step 5. Record the measurements in a tabular form containing the measured
voltage and current values as shown below.
Branch current/voltage V (volts ) I (mA/A) R (KΩ/Ω)

V1 , I1

V2 , I2

V3 , I3

V4 , I4

V5 , I5

Vs , Is

Step 6. Verify KVL for the loops in the circuit using loop equations 1 and 2.
Step 7. Verify KCL for the nodes in the circuit using node equations a, b, c and d.

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