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Sports Science Exchange (2018) Vol. 29, No. 188, 1-7

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DIETAS VEGETARIANAS E VEGANAS PARA TREINAMENTO
E PERFORMANCE ATLÉTICA
(Publicado: Dezembro de 2018/Autor: D. Enette Larson-Meyer, PhD, RD, CSSD, FACSM/Tópico: Nutrição Esportiva)

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  DPOUFOEPFTUFTOVUSJFOUFTOPSNBMNFOUFHBSBOUFVNFTUBEPOVUSJDJPOBMBEFRVBEPOPFOUBOUP BTVQMFNFOUBÎÍPDSJUFSJPTBDPNFTUFTOVUSJFOUFT
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LEITURA RECOMENDADA
Dezembro de 2018 SSE #186: "4FHVSBOÎBF&mDÈDJBEB4VQMFNFOUBÎÍPDPN$SFBUJOB.POPIJESBUBEB02VF"QSFOEFNPTOPTÁMUJNPTBOPTEF1FTRVJTB
Dezembro de 2018 SSE #188: %JFUBT7FHBOBTF7FHFUBSJBOBTQBSBP5SFJOBNFOUPF1FSGPSNBODF"UMÏUJDB
Dezembro de 2018 SSE #189: "%PFOÎB$FMÓBDB B4FOTJCJMJEBEFBP(MÞUFOWFSTVTP4FOTBDJPOBMJTNPEP(MÞUFO FB3FEVÎÍPEF$BSCPJESBUPT'0%."1TDPNP
*OTUSVNFOUPEF(FSFODJBNFOUPEF4JOUPNBT(BTUSPJOUFTUJOBJTFN"UMFUBT

INTRODUÇÃO
A escolha dos atletas em seguir dietas vegetarianas acontece BCTPSWJEPT B QBSUJS EF GPOUFT WFHFUBJT FN DPNQBSBÎÍP DPN BT
QPS SB[ÜFT EF TBÞEF  RVFTUÜFT BNCJFOUBJT  ÏUJDBT  GJMPTØGJDBT  GPOUFT BOJNBJT $PNP B NBJPSJB EPT BUMFUBT  BUMFUBT WFHFUBSJBOPT
SFMJHJPTBTFTQJSJUVBJT F FTUÏUJDBT  P RVF QPEF JODMVJS P GBUP EF QPEFNTFCFOFGJDJBSDPNBFEVDBÎÍPOVUSJDJPOBMFTPCSFNFMIPSFT
não gostar de carne. Apesar das dietas vegetarianas terem boa FTDPMIBT BMJNFOUBSFT QBSB PUJNJ[BS TVB TBÞEF F QFSGPSNBODF
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FTUBS SFDFCFOEP B OVUSJÎÍP BEFRVBEB OFDFTTÈSJB QBSB PUJNJ[BS DIETAS VEGETARIANAS EM PERSPECTIVA
PT USFJOPT F QFSGPSNBODF /B WFSEBEF  BUMFUBT WFHFUBSJBOPT 
EFTEF BUMFUBT SFDSFBDJPOBJT BUÏ PT EF FMJUF  QPEFN BUJOHJS TVBT Tendências em relação às dietas vegetarianas
necessidades de energia e nutrientes com os diversos tipos de
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EJNJOVJSPSJTDPQBSBEPFOÎBTDSÙOJDBT %JOVFUBM .FMJOBFU EF PSJHFN WFHFUBM  FOUSF PT BUMFUBT OÍP TFS VN GBUP OPWP
BM  FNFMIPSBSTVBIBCJMJEBEFQBSBBUJOHJSVNBQFSGPSNBODF (SBOEKFBO   -POHP FU BM   /JFNBO   QBSFDF
JEFBMPVSFDVQFSBSFNTFEFFYFSDÓDJPTFYUFOVBOUFT1BSBHBSBOUJS haver um aumento recente na popularidade destas dietas entre
B QFSGPSNBODF JEFBM  BUMFUBT WFHFUBSJBOPT QSFDJTBN DPOTVNJS os atletas, particularmente as dietas veganas (Tabela 1). Pouco
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JNQPSUBOUFT iSFE GMBHw  RVF QPEFN TFS FODPOUSBEPT FN NFOPS FOUSFPTBUMFUBT&OUSFBQPQVMBÎÍPFNHFSBM FORVFUFTSFDFOUFTEF
RVBOUJEBEF OPT BMJNFOUPT WFHFUBSJBOPT PV QPEFN TFS NFOPT BCSBOHÐODJB OBDJPOBM OPT &TUBEPT 6OJEPT  TVHFSJSBN RVF _ 
dos adultos são vegetarianos (relatam nunca ingerirem carne,
GSBOHP PV QFJYF  F BQSPYJNBEBNFOUF  EPT WFHFUBSJBOPT TÍP
Vegana (rigorosamente &YDMVJUPEPTPTQSPEVUPTBOJNBJTJODMVJOEPMBUJDÓOJPTFPWPTQPEF
vegetariana) excluir o mel.
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&WJUBUPEPTPTBMJNFOUPTEFSJWBEPTEBDBSOFQPEFPVOÍPDPOTVNJSPWPT FORVFUFSFWFMPVRVFEPTKPWFOTBEVMUPTDPNJEBEFTFOUSF
Vegetariana
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Lacto-vegetariana
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animais.
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Ovo-vegetariana *ODMVJPTPWPTNBTOÍPPTMBUJDÓOJPT
FSBNWFHFUBSJBOPTPVWFHBOPT 7FHFUBSJBO3FTPVSDF(SPVQ  
Lacto-ovo-vegetariana *ODMVJPTPWPTFMBUJDÓOJPT

Tabela 1 . Tipos de dietas vegetarianas.


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Sports Science Exchange (2018) Vol. 29, No. 188, 1-7

"PDPOUSÈSJP BQFOBTEPTJOEJWÓEVPTDPNBOPTPVNBJTFSBN
WFHFUBSJBOPT&OUSFPTBUMFUBT VNBQFTRVJTBDPNQBSUJDJQBOUFTEPT Lacto-ovo-vegetariano Vegano
KPHPT$PNNPOXFBMUIFODPOUSPVRVFEPTBUMFUBTJOUFSOBDJPOBJT GBUJBTEFUPSSBEBTJOUFHSBJT
GBUJBTEFUPSSBEBTJOUFHSBJT
SFMBUBSBN DPOTVNJS EJFUBT WFHFUBSJBOBT  DPN  TFOEP WFHBOPT Café da manhã
Manteiga & 1 colher de sopa de geleia
Margarina & 1 colher de sopa de
_HEFDFSFBJT HFMFJBEFGSVUB
1FMMZ#VSLIBSU   _HEFQSPUFÓOBT
EFGSVUB
›YÓD5PGVNFYJEP
2 ovos mexidos
›YÓDEFIPSUBMJÎBT ›YÓDQJNFOUÍPFTQJOBGSF
›YÓDQJNFOUÍPFTQJOBGSF
YÓDEFGSVUB YÓDEFTVDPEFMBSBOKBGPSUJmDBEP
Potenciais benefícios das dietas vegetarianas ›YÓDMBUJDÓOJPFRVJWBMFOUF
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DPNDÈMDJP
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$BGÏDPNMFJUFGFJUPDPN›YÓDEF
RVBOEP DPNQBSBEBT ËT UÓQJDBT EJFUBT PDJEFOUBMJ[BEBT "T EJFUBT MFJUFEFTPKB
vegetarianas e veganas estão associadas com risco reduzido para Almoço
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natural
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hiperlipidemias, doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes tipo 2 e acima YÓDIPSUBMJÎBT HSÍPEFCJDP žYÓDGFJKÍPWFSNFMIP 
žYÓDHSÍPEFCJDP žYÓDGFJKÍP
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WFSNFMIP £YÓD
›YÓDMBUJDÓOJPFRVJWBMFOUF
2016). Sabe-se um pouco menos sobre a habilidade destas dietas em Lanche ›CBHFMHSBOEF H JOUFHSBM
NFMIPSBSPTUSFJOPTFQFSGPSNBODFFTQPSUJWB $SBEEPDLFUBM  _HEFDFSFBJT
›CBHFMHSBOEF H JOUFHSBM
1 colher de sopa de pasta de
1 colher de sopa de pasta de amendoim
/JFNBO   FU BM    3FTVMUBEPT EF FTUVEPT PCTFSWBDJPOBJT _HEFQSPUFÓOBT
YÓDMFJUF
amendoim
›YÓDMBUJDÓOJPFRVJWBMFOUF YÓDMFJUFEFTPKB
FJOUFSWFODJPOBJTBDVSUPQSB[POPTRVBJTPTJOEJWÓEVPTDPOTVNJSBN
5BDPTEFMFOUJMIB GFJUPTDPNMFOUJMIB  5BDPTEFMFOUJMIB GFJUPTDPN
EJFUBT WFHFUBSJBOBT PV OÍPWFHFUBSJBOBT QPS VN QFSÓPEP EF UFTUFT Jantar molho de tomate, tomate enlatado, lentilha, molho de tomate, tomate
EF EJWFSTBT TFNBOBT OÍP EFUFDUPV EJGFSFOÎBT OPT QBSÉNFUSPT EF _HEFHSÍPT cebola, salsão e óleo de canola em enlatado, cebola, salsão e óleo de
GPSÎB  QFSGPSNBODF BFSØCJDB F BOBFSØCJDB CBTFBEPT OB QSFTFOÎB _HEFQSPUFÓOBT tortilha de milho macia servidos com canola em tortilha de milho macia
›YÓDIPSUBMJÎBT BMGBDF UPNBUFTGSFTDPT KJDBNB BCBDBUF TFSWJEPTDPNBMGBDF UPNBUFT
PV BVTÐODJB EF BMJNFOUPT EFSJWBEPT EF BOJNBJT OB NBJPSJB DBSOFT  e salsa) GSFTDPT KJDBNB BCBDBUFFTBMTB
$SBEEPDL FU BM    /P FOUBOUP  GPSBN MFWBOUBEBT IJQØUFTFT EF Lanche YÓDJPHVSUF YÓDJPHVSUFEFBSSP[
RVFEJFUBTWFHFUBSJBOBTBVYJMJBNPTBUMFUBTBPUJNJ[BSFNTFVTUSFJOPT YÓDMBUJDÓOJPFRVJWBMFOUF ›YÓDGSVUBTWFSNFMIBTPVQÐTTFHP ›YÓDGSVUBTWFSNFMIBTPV
GBUJBEP QÐTTFHPGBUJBEP
F QFSGPSNBODF $SBEEPDL FU BM    EFWJEP BP OBUVSBMNFOUF BMUP
YÓDJPHVSUF
DPOUFÞEP EF DBSCPJESBUPT /JFNBO    BOUJPYJEBOUFT F PVUSPT Lanche associado ao
›YÓDGSVUBTWFSNFMIBTPVQÐTTFHP
#FCJEBEFSFQPTJÎÍPEFMÓRVJEPT 
exercício gel esportivo, barras esportivas etc.
mUPRVÓNJDPT 5SBQQ FU BM    F BUÏ NFTNP P NFUBM UFSSPTP GBUJBEP
FTUSÙODJP BMDBMJOP -POHP FU BM    %JFUBT WFHFUBSJBOBT QPEFN Tabela 2 . Exemplo de cardápio lacto-ovo-vegetariano e vegano com 3.000kcal.
UBNCÏNHFSBSWBOUBHFNFSHPHÐOJDBQPSJOEV[JSVNBMFWFBMDBMJOJEBEF
TÏSJDB EVSBOUF P FYFSDÓDJP )JFUBWBMB FU BM    0 BMUP UFPS EF
BOUJPYJEBOUFT FNQBSUJDVMBS QPEFBKVEBSBSFEV[JSPFTUSFTTFPYJEBUJWP TFSFODPSBKBEPTBJOHFSJSMBODIFTFSFGFJÎÜFTGSFRVFOUFT QPSFYFNQMP 
BTTPDJBEPBPFYFSDÓDJPQSPMPOHBEPFBNPEVMBSBGVOÎÍPJNVOPMØHJDB _ SFGFJÎÜFTMBODIFTEJB  F QMBOFKBS BEFRVBEBNFOUF QBSB RVF
FBOUJJOnBNBUØSJB 5SBQQFUBM  /ÍPFTUÈBJOEBFTUBCFMFDJEP  BMJNFOUPTFMBODIFTFTUFKBNQSPOUBNFOUFEJTQPOÓWFJT1PSFYFNQMP 
no entanto, se o consumo a longo-prazo de uma dieta vegetariana MBODIFT PV NJOJSFGFJÎÜFT FNCBMBEPT OB CPMTB EF USFJOP  NPDIJMB 
JSJB NFMIPSBS B SFDVQFSBÎÍP  QSFWFOJS MFTÜFT JOnBNBUØSJBT PV QPS NBOUJEPT OP BSNÈSJP EP WFTUJÈSJP PV OB HBWFUB EB NFTB GPSOFDFN
FYDFTTPT  F BUFOVBS P EBOP PYJEBUJWP RVF PDPSSF OP USFJOBNFOUP SBQJEBNFOUF B FOFSHJB EJTQPOÓWFM OPT BMJNFOUPT 6NB TFMFÎÍP EF
intenso (Trapp et al.,2010), ou se a indução da alcalinização seria alimentos ricos em energia e com limitação de alimentos com alto
TVmDJFOUFQBSBUBNQPOBSBQSPEVÎÍPÈDJEBEVSBOUFPFYFSDÓDJPJOUFOTP  UFPS EF GJCSBT QPEFNUBNCÏN BKVEBS B BUJOHJSBTOFDFTTJEBEFT EF
FQPSUBOUP NFMIPSBS B QFSGPSNBODF BUMÏUJDB )JFUBWBMBFU BM    FOFSHJB1PSFYFNQMP TVCTUJUVJSBMHVNBTQPSÎÜFTEFGSVUBQPSTVDPT
"QFTBS EP QPUFODJBM FSHPHÐOJDP  OP FOUBOUP  VNB EJFUB WFHFUBSJBOB EF GSVUB F DPOTVNJS EF VN UFSÎP BUÏ NFUBEF EPT HSÍPT  DFSFBJT F
QPEF UBNCÏN UFS P QPUFODJBM EF QSFKVEJDBS UBOUP B TBÞEF RVBOUP B QÍFT OB GPSNB NFOPT QSPDFTTBEB  DPNP P BSSP[ CSBODP F QÍP EF
QFSGPSNBODF TF BT FTDPMIBT BMJNFOUBSFT GPSFN DPOTJTUFOUFNFOUF GFSNFOUBÎÍPOBUVSBMBPJOWÏTEPBSSP[JOUFHSBMFQÍFTJOUFHSBJTJSÈ
abaixo das escolhas ideais. SFEV[JSPDPOTVNPFYDFTTJWPEFGJCSBTFPJOÓDJPBOUFDJQBEPEBTBDJF-
EBEF (SBOEKFBO -BSTPO.FZFS  1PSPVUSPMBEP PVUSPT
CONSIDERAÇÕES NUTRICIONAIS E RECOMENDAÇÕES BUMFUBTWFHFUBSJBOPTQPEFNOFDFTTJUBSEFNFOPSDPOTVNPFOFSHÏ-
Energia e macronutrientes UJDPQBSBQSPNPWFSBSFEVÎÍPMFOUBFTVTUFOUÈWFMEPQFTPQPSSB[ÜFT
EFTBÞEFFPVEFQFSGPSNBODF&TUFTBUMFUBTQPEFNTFCFOFGJDJBSEF
Energia:"UFOEFSBTOFDFTTJEBEFTEFFOFSHJBÏVNBQSJPSJEBEFOV- VNBÐOGBTFOBTFMFÎÍPEFBMJNFOUPTJOUFHSBJT OÍPQSPDFTTBEPTQBSB
USJDJPOBM QBSB UPEPT PT BUMFUBT 5IPNBT FU BM    0 DPOTVNP JO- QSPNPWFSTBDJFEBEFFBKVEBSBBUJOHJSVNQFTPDPSQPSBMTBVEÈWFM
BEFRVBEP EF FOFSHJB JNQFEF PT CFOFGÓDJPT EP USFJOP  DPNQSPNFUF B Muitos materiais com diretrizes alimentares publicamente di-
QFSGPSNBODFFQPEFSFTVMUBSFNDPNQMJDBÎÜFTOBTBÞEFRVFJODMVFN TQPOÓWFJTEJSFDJPOBEPTBPTBUMFUBT WFHFUBSJBOPTPVQÞCMJDPFNHFSBM
a perda de massa muscular e/ou densidade óssea, e um risco aumen- QPEFNTFSÞUFJTQBSBBKVEBSOBFEVDBÎÍPEFBUMFUBTWFHFUBSJBOPTF
UBEPEFGBEJHB MFTÜFTFEPFOÎBT"TOFDFTTJEBEFTEFFOFSHJBWBSJBN WFHBOPTFNSFMBÎÍPBPTQBESÜFTBMJNFOUBSFTTBVEÈWFJTRVFBUJOHFN
JOEJWJEVBMNFOUF FOUSF PT BUMFUBT EF BDPSEP DPN P FTQPSUF FTQFDÓmDP  BTOFDFTTJEBEFTFOFSHÏUJDBT&TUFTJODMVFNPi.Z1MBUFw .FV1SBUP 
JOUFOTJEBEFFQFSJPEJ[BÎÍPEBTBUJWJEBEFTEFUSFJOBNFOUPTOPTRVBJTPT EB64%" %FQBSUBNFOUPEF"HSJDVMUVSBEPT&TUBEPT6OJEPT RVFUFN
BUMFUBTQBSUJDJQBN RVFQSPWBWFMNFOUFWBSJBNEFBDPSEPDPNPEJBFBP BKVTUFT QBSB BT OFDFTTJEBEFT EF FOFSHJB F EJDBT QBSB EJFUBT WFH-
MPOHPEBUFNQPSBEB 0VUSPTGBUPSFTEFJOnVÐODJBJODMVFNTFYP JEBEFF FUBSJBOBT Pi"UIMFUFT1MBUFw 1SBUPEP"UMFUB EP$PNJUÐEF&TQPSUFT
composição corporal. Alguns atletas vegetarianos e veganos podem não 0MÓNQJDPTEPT&TUBEPT6OJEPT UIF6OJUFE4UBUFT0MZNQJD$PNNJU-
BUJOHJSTVBTOFDFTTJEBEFTEFFOFSHJBEFWJEPËBMUBRVBOUJEBEFEFmCSBT UFF4QPSUT RVFÏCBTFBEPOBGBTFEPUSFJOPFGBDJMNFOUFBEPUBEP
FCBJYBEFOTJEBEFFOFSHÏUJDBEBTEJFUBTËCBTFEFBMJNFOUPTEFPSJHFN QBSB QBESÜFT WFHFUBSJBOPT 5IF 6OJUFE 4UBUFT 0MZNQJD $PNNJUUFF
WFHFUBM iQMBOUCBTFEw DPNCJOBEBTDPNBBMUBEFNBOEBEFFOFSHJBF 4QPSUT%JFUJUJBOT5IF6OJWFSTJUZPG$PMPSBEP4QPSUT/VUSJUJPO(SBEV-
PV DBMFOEÈSJPT TVQFS PDVQBEPT RVF EJmDVMUBN NPNFOUPT BEFRVBEPT BUF1SPHSBN  FBTEJSFUSJ[FTEFTFOWPMWJEBTFTQFDJGJDBNFOUF
para se alimentar. Atletas com altas necessidades de energia deveriam
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Sports Science Exchange (2018) Vol. 29, No. 188, 1-7

QBSBBUMFUBTWFHFUBSJBOPT -BSTPO.FZFS  1MBOPTBMJNFOUBSFT BUMFUBT WFHFUBSJBOPT EFWFSJBN TFS FODPSBKBEPT B DPOTVNJS VNB
FTQFDÓGJDPTQBSBWFHFUBSJBOPTPVWFHBOPT DPNPPi.ZWFHBO1MBUFw WBSJFEBEF EF BMJNFOUPT SJDPT FN QSPUFÓOBT EF PSJHFN WFHFUBM F
.FV 1SBUP 7FHFUBSJBOP  EP (SVQP EF 3FDVSTPT QBSB 7FHFUBSJBOPT HBSBOUJS DPOTVNP BEFRVBEP EF FOFSHJB #PBT GPOUFT EF QSPUFÓOB
7FHFUBSJBO 3FTPVSDF (SPVQ    QPEFN UBNCÏN PGFSFDFS VNB WFHFUBJT H EF QSPUFÓOBTQPS QPSÎÍP  TÍP NPTUSBEBT OB UBCFMB
FTUSVUVSBÞUJMTFPOÞNFSPEFQPSÎÜFTGPSBKVTUBEPBQSPQSJBEBNFOUF  OPFOUBOUP ÏJNQPSUBOUFMFNCSBSRVFUPEPTPTHSÍPT DFSFBJTF
QBSB BUJOHJS B BMUB EFNBOEB EF FOFSHJB EF NVJUPT BUMFUBT 6N FY- MFHVNFTSJDPTFNBNJEPUBNCÏNDPOUSJCVFNDPNQFRVFOBTRVBO-
FNQMP DPN DBSEÈQJPT EF LDBM DSJBEPT QBSB BUMFUBT WFHFUBSJ- UJEBEFTEFQSPUFÓOBT HQPSÎÍP 0TWFHFUBSJBOPTOÍPQSFDJTBN
BOPTFWFHBOPTVUJMJ[BOEPPi.Z1MBUFwEB64%"DPNPNPEFMPFTUÈ DPOTVNJSDPNCJOBÎÜFTFTQFDÓGJDBTEFQSPUFÓOBËCBTFEFWFHFUBJT
disponibilizado na Tabela 2. FNDBEBSFGFJÎÍP NBTEFWFSJBNDPOTVNJSVNBWBSJFEBEFEFGPO-
UFTEFQSPUFÓOBTFTQBMIBEBTBPMPOHPEPEJB .FMJOBFUBM 
Carboidratos: Carboidratos são um componente importante da :PVOH1FMMFUU  6NBFYDFÎÍPQPEFTFSOPQFSÓPEPQØTFY-
dieta de um atleta e deveriam ser a maior parte (maior volume) FSDÓDJPQBSBBUMFUBTFNUSFJOPTJOUFOTPTEFNVTDVMBÎÍPPOEFVNB
EPTFVDPOTVNPEFFOFSHJB"JOHFTUÍPEFDBSCPJESBUPTÏFTTFO- DFSUBDPODFOUSBÎÍPTÏSJDBEFMFVDJOBF_HEPTÈDJEPTFTTFODJBJT
DJBMQBSBBQFSGPSNBODFØUJNBEVSBOUFFYFSDÓDJPTQSPMPOHBEPTEF QPEFN TFS OFDFTTÈSJPT QBSB PUJNJ[BS B TÓOUFTF EF QSPUFÓOB NVT-
JOUFOTJEBEF NPEFSBEB B BMUB DPN EVSBÎÍP NBJPS RVF _ NJOV- DVMBS OP QFSÓPEP JNFEJBUBNFOUF BQØT P FYFSDÓDJP 1IJMMJQT  WBO
UPT F EVSBOUF BUJWJEBEFT JOUFSNJUFOUFT JOUFOTBT  RVF TÍP UÓQJDBT -PPQ 5IPNBTFUBM  .VJUBTQSPUFÓOBTEFPSJHFNWFH-
EFNVJUPTFTQPSUFT #VSLFFUBM  5IPNBTFUBM  0T etal incluindo as leguminosas são ricas em leucina, apesar de não
DBSCPJESBUPTTÍPUBNCÏNOFDFTTÈSJPTOBSFQPTJÎÍPEFHMJDPHÐOJP TFSFN BCTPSWJEBT UÍP CFN RVBOUP BiXIFZ QSPUFJOw"MÏN EJTTP 
BQØTPFYFSDÓDJPFQBSBHBSBOUJSBEBQUBÎÍPBEFRVBEBBPTUSFJOPT DPNCJOBÎÜFTDVMJOÈSJBTVTVBJTEFQSPUFÓOBTDPNPPBSSP[FGFJKÍP 
" RVBOUJEBEF EF DBSCPJESBUPT RVF WFHFUBSJBOPT BUJWPT QSFDJTBN leguminosas e castanhas/sementes (por exemplo, no hommus) ou
ingerir varia, dependendo do esporte, intensidade e massa corpo- TBOEVÓDIFDPNQBTUBEFBNFOEPJNUFOEFNBTFSDPNQMFNFOUBSFT
SBM .$ "TSFDPNFOEBÎÜFTBUVBJTEFDBSCPJESBUPTTÍPHEF :PVOH1FMMFUU  
DBSCPJESBUPLH.$EJBQBSBBNBJPSJBEPTBUMFUBTDPNQFSGPSNBODF
FNFYFSDÓDJPTDPNJOUFOTJEBEFNPEFSBEBBBMUBQPS_IPSBT Gordura: As diretrizes de ingestão de gordura para atletas dever-
EJB 5IPNBTFUBM  *OHFTUÜFTNFOPSFTEFHLH.$TÍP JBNFTUBSFNDPODPSEÉODJBDPNBTEJSFUSJ[FTEFTBÞEFQÞCMJDB F
sugeridas para atletas desempenhando treinos baseados em ha- CBTFBEBTOBJOEJWJEVBMJ[BÎÍPFNSFMBÎÍPBPTPCKFUJWPTEPTUSFJOPT
CJMJEBEFT PV EF JOUFOTJEBEF CBJYB FORVBOUP RVBOUJEBEFT NBJPSFT FDPNQPTJÎÍPDPSQPSBM 5IPNBTFUBM  "HPSEVSBEBEJFUBÏ
EFHLH.$TÍPSFDPNFOEBEBTEVSBOUFUSFJOPTFYUSFNPTEF OFDFTTÈSJBQBSBGPSOFDFSFOFSHJB FMFNFOUPTEBTNFNCSBOBTDF-
SFTJTUÐODJB #VSLF FU BM  5IPNBT FU BM   "QFTBS EB MVMBSFTFÈDJEPTHSBYPTFTTFODJBJT FQBSBBVYJMJBSOBBCTPSÎÍPEBT
EJFUBWFHFUBSJBOBUÓQJDBUFSHSBOEFRVBOUJEBEFEFDBSCPJESBUPT B WJUBNJOBTMJQPTTPMÞWFJT"HPSEVSBFTUPDBEBOPTNÞTDVMPTBUJWPTF
JNQPSUÉODJB EF BUJOHJS B RVBOUJEBEF BEFRVBEB EF DBSCPJESBUPT Ï BEJQØDJUPTÏVUJMJ[BEBDPNPTVCTUSBUPEVSBOUFFYFSDÓDJPQSPMPOHBEP
FOGBUJ[BEBBRVJFNSB[ÍPEBSFDFOUFQPQVMBSJEBEFEBTEJFUBTiMPX com intensidade moderada e durante atividades de intensidade
DBSCwRVFUBNCÏNQPEFNTFSiBUSBFOUFTwQBSBDFSUPTBUMFUBTWFHF- CBJYB&BJOEB GPOUFTEJFUÏUJDBTEFÈDJEPTHSBYPTFTTFODJBJTEFWFS-
tarianos. Atletas vegetarianos, como todos os atletas, deveriam ser JBNTFSFOGBUJ[BEBTQBSBBUFOEFSBTSFDPNFOEBÎÜFTEFJOHFTUÍPF
educados sobre os tipos certos de carboidratos a serem ingeridos BHPSEVSBTBUVSBEBTFSMJNJUBEBËNFOPTEFEBJOHFTUÍPUPUBM
OPTNPNFOUPTQSØYJNPTËVNBTFTTÍPEFFYFSDÓDJPT EF HPSEVSBT %FQBSUBNFOUP "NFSJDBOP EF 4BÞEF F 4FSWJÎPT )V-
manos e Departamento Americano de Agricultura, 2011). A baixa
Proteínas:"TOFDFTTJEBEFTEFQSPUFÓOBTWBSJBNEFBDPSEPDPN JOHFTUÍPDSÙOJDBEFHPSEVSBBCBJYPEFEBFOFSHJBUPUBMFBT
POÓWFMEFUSFJOPFUJQPEFBUJWJEBEF6NBUMFUBFNUSFJOBNFOUPJO- FTUSBUÏHJBTRVFQSPNPWFNEJFUBTDPNCBJYBJOHFTUÍPEFDBSCPJESB-
UFOTPWBJQSFDJTBSEFNBJTQSPUFÓOBTRVFVNBQFTTPBRVFÏSFDSF- UPTFSJDBTFNHPSEVSBQBSBQPTTÓWFJTCFOFGÓDJPTOBQFSGPSNBODF
ativamente ativa e se exercita moderadamente diversos dias na se- TÍPEFTFODPSBKBEBT 5IPNBTFUBM  "QFTBSEBTEJFUBTWFHB-
NBOB"SFDPNFOEBÎÍPEFJOHFTUÍPEJÈSJB 3FDPNNFOEFE%JFUBSZ OBT FYUSFNBNFOUF CBJYBT FN HPSEVSBT  EB FOFSHJB PCUJEB
"MMPXBODF3%" EPT&TUBEPT6OJEPTEF HEFQSPUFÓOBLH.$ da gordura) serem recomendadas para a prevenção e tratamento
EFWFSJB BUFOEFS BT OFDFTTJEBEFT EB NBJPSJB EBT QFTTPBT RVF TF EFEPFOÎBTDBSEJPWBTDVMBSFTFEJBCFUFT .D%PVHBMMFUBM  
exercitam numa intensidade leve a moderada na maioria dos dias UBJTEJFUBTTÍPFYDFTTJWBNFOUFSFTUSJUJWBTQBSBBUMFUBTRVFQBSUJDJ-
EBTFNBOB 0UUFOFUBM  0TBUMFUBTRVFUSFJOBNDPNNBJPS QBNEFSFHJNFTJOUFOTPTEFUSFJOPT"UFOEÐODJBQPQVMBSBUVBMEB
JOUFOTJEBEFHFSBMNFOUFQSFDJTBNEFNBJTQSPUFÓOBT1FTRVJTBTSF- BEBQUBÎÍPËHPSEVSBQBSBNFMIPSBSBPYJEBÎÍPEFHPSEVSBBUSBWÏT
DFOUFTTPCSFBTOFDFTTJEBEFTEFQSPUFÓOBTEFBUMFUBTTVHFSFNRVF de dietas extremamente altas em gorduras e baixa em carboidra-
BTQSPUFÓOBTEJFUÏUJDBTJOUFSBHFNDPNPFYFSDÓDJPGPSOFDFOEPOÍP tos mostrou redução na atividade do metabolismo de carboidratos
BQFOBTTVCTUSBUPTQBSBBTÓOUFTFEFQSPUFÓOBTDPOUSÈUFJT FTUSVUVS- F DPNQSPNFUFV B QFSGPSNBODF EVSBOUF TFTTÜFT EF FYFSDÓDJP EF
BJT FNFUBCØMJDBT NBT UBNCÏN TFSWFN EFHBUJMIP QBSB BTÓOUFTF BMUBJOUFOTJEBEFRVFTÍPDPNVOTOBNBJPSJBEPTFTQPSUFT #VSLF 
EFQSPUFÓOBTNVTDVMBSFT 1IJMMJQTWBO-PPO 5IPNBTFUBM  5IPNBTFUBM  
 "SFDPNFOEBÎÍPEFDPOTVNPEFQSPUFÓOBTBUVBMQBSBBUMF-
UBTÏEF  HEFQSPUFÓOBTLH.$EJB 5IPNBTFUBM  P "UMFUBT WFHFUBSJBOPT F WFHBOPT QPEFN HBSBOUJS RVF B JOHFTUÍP
RVFÏSFDPNFOEBEPQBSBBVYJMJBSBBEBQUBÎÍPNFUBCØMJDB SFQBSPT  EF HPSEVSB TFKB BEFRVBEB FN SFMBÎÍP ËT EJSFUSJ[FT BUSBWÏT EB
SFNPEFMBÎÍPFUVSOPWFSEFQSPUFÓOBT TFMFÎÍP DSJUFSJPTB EF GPOUFT BMJNFOUBSFTiQMBOUCBTFEw 5BCFMB  
F MBUJDÓOJPT DPN CBJYP PV BMUP UFPS EF HPSEVSB  TF EFTFKBEP &N
&YJTUFQPVDBFWJEÐODJBQBSBTVHFSJSRVFBTOFDFTTJEBEFTEFQSPUFÓ- HFSBM OPFOUBOUP BEJFUBWFHFUBSJBOBÏSJDBFNÈDJEPTHSBYPTQPMJ
OBTQBSBBUMFUBTRVFTFHVFNEJFUBTWFHFUBSJBOBTTFKBNEJGFSFOUFT JOTBUVSBEPTÙNFHB NBTMJNJUBEBFNSFMBÎÍPBPTÈDJEPTHSBYPT
EBRVFMFT RVF TFHVFN EJFUBT POÓWPSBT  QBSUJDVMBSNFOUF EFWJEP Ë ÙNFHB -J  %JFUBTMBDUPPWPWFHFUBSJBOBTUBNCÏNQPEFN
HSBOEFWBSJBÎÍPTVHFSJEBQFMBTOFDFTTJEBEFTEFQSPUFÓOBTBUVBJT
QBSB BUMFUBT 1BSB HBSBOUJS VN DPOTVNP BEFRVBEP EF QSPUFÓOBT 

Sports Science Exchange (2018) Vol. 29, No. 188, 1-7

-FJUF JPHVSUF RVFJKPDPUUBHF RVFJKP PWPT GFJKÍP FSWJMIB MFOUJMIB FEBNBNF UFNQÐ UPGV 
$PNQPOFOUFTGVODJPOBJTFFTUSVUVSBJTEPDPSQPFNBUMFUBTTFSWFNDPNPHBUJMIP QSPEVUPTËCBTFEFTPKB IBNCÞSHVFSWFHFUBSJBOP TBMTJDIBTFPVUSPTBOÈMPHPTEBDBSOF 
Proteínas
FGPOUFQBSBBTÓOUFTFEFQSPUFÓOBNVTDVMBS oleaginosas, sementes, pasta de oleaginosas (incluindo amendoim), cereais incluindo pães,
BSSP[ RVJOVB BWFJB
0MFBHJOPTBT TFNFOUFT QBTUBTEFPMFBHJOPTBT BCBDBUF B[FJUPOBT B[FJUF TFNFOUFEF
Gorduras saudáveis 'POUFEFFOFSHJBBVYJMJBOBBCTPSÎÍPEFWJUBNJOBTMJQPTTPMÞWFJT linhaça, coco, cereais como granola e Muesli, óleos vegetais incluindo canola, semente de
uva, avelã, gergelim, semente de abóbora.
Ácidos graxos
.PEVMBÎÍPEPQSPDFTTPJOnBNBUØSJP Nozes, linhaça, chia, óleos de canola, nozes, linhaça e.
ômega-3
'FJKÍP FSWJMIB MFOUJMIB FEBNBNF PMFBHJOPTBT TFNFOUFT BNBJPSJBEBTIPSUBMJÎBT HSÍPT
Componente da hemoglobina e mioglobina e como parte dos citocromos e JOUFHSBJTFGPSUJmDBEPTJODMVJOEPQÍFT BSSP[ RVJOVB DFSFBJTNBUJOBJT.FMIPSBCTPSÎÍP
Ferro
enzimas nas vias de produção de energia. DPNPDPOTVNPEFGPOUFTEFWJUBNJOB$GSVUBTDÓUSJDBT GSVUBTWFSNFMIBT NFMÍP QJNFOUÍP 
tomate, brócolis, couve, batata.
$PNQPOFOUFEFNVJUBTFO[JNBTJODMVJOEPBRVFMBTFOWPMWJEBTOPNFUBCPMJTNP 'FJKÍP FSWJMIB MFOUJMIB FEBNBNF PMFBHJOPTBT TFNFOUFT BNBJPSJBEBTIPSUBMJÎBT HSÍPT
Zinco
FOFSHÏUJDP TÓOUFTFEFQSPUFÓOBFGVOÎÍPJNVOPMØHJDB JOUFHSBJTFGPSUJmDBEPTJODMVJOEPQÍFT BSSP[ RVJOVB DFSFBJTNBUJOBJT RVFJKPT
&YDFMFOUFCJPEJTQPOJCJMJEBEF  SFQPMIPDIJOÐT/BQB DIJDØSJB BDFMHB DPVWF RVJBCP 
GPMIBEFOBCP QSPUFÓOBWFHFUBMUFYUVSJ[BEB NFMBÎP#JPEJTQPOJCJMJEBEFNÏEJB _ MFJUF 
Crescimento, condução nervosa, manutenção e reparo do tecido ósseo, regula-
Cálcio JPHVSUF RVFJKP UPGVDPNDÈMDJP TVDPEFMBSBOKBGPSUJmDBEP DPNDÈMDJPDJUSBUPNBMBUP 
ÎÍPEBDPOUSBÎÍPNVTDVMBSFDPBHVMBÎÍPTBOHVÓOFBOPSNBM
#BJYBCJPEJTQPOJCJMJEBEFMFJUFEFTPKBGPSUJmDBEP BNBJPSJBEBTPMFBHJOPTBT MFHVNFTDPN
TFNFOUFT TVDPEFMBSBOKB GPSUJmDBEPDPNGPTGBUPUSJDÈMDJPMBDUBUPEFDÈMDJP 
1FJYFTHPSEVSPTPT PWPTEFHBMJOIBTBMJNFOUBEBTDPNWJUBNJOB%PVFYQPTUBTËMV[TPMBS 
"CTPSÎÍPEPDÈMDJP TBÞEFØTTFB GVOÎÍPEBNVTDVMBUVSBFTRVFMÏUJDB GVOÎÍP DFSFBJTNBUJOBJTGPSUJmDBEPTDPNWJUBNJOB% NBSHBSJOB iMFJUFTwWFHFUBJTFTVDPTEFGSVUB
Vitamina D
JNVOPMØHJDB NPEVMBÎÍPJOnBNBUØSJB GPSUJmDBEPT&YQPTJÎÍPEPTCSBÎPT DPTUBTFQFSOBT QPSEVBTBUSÐTTFNBOBT ËMV[TPMBS
QFSUPEPNFJPEJBQPSEPUFNQPRVFMFWBSJBQBSBBUJOHJSVNMFWFCSPO[FBEP
4BMJPEBEP QFJYFT GSVUPTEPNBS BMHBTNBSÓUJNBT MBUJDÓOJPTFBMHVNBTNBSDBTDPNFSDJBJT
'VODJPOBDPNPQBSUFEPIPSNÙOJPEBUJSFPJEF RVFÏFTTFODJBMQBSBSFHVMBSP
Iodo EFQÍFT0DPOUFÞEPEFJPEPEBNBJPSJBEPTBMJNFOUPTÏCBJYPFBGFUBEPQFMPDPOUFÞEPEF
NFUBCPMJTNPFUBYBDBSEÓBDB
JPEPEPTPMP JSSJHBÎÍPFGFSUJMJ[BÎÍP
'FSNFOUPOVUSJDJPOBM3FETUBS™ MFJUFEFTPKBFiMFJUFTwWFHFUBJT DFSFBJTNBUJOBJTFBOÈMPHPT
Vitamina B12 Importante para produção de energia.
EBDBSOFGPSUJmDBEPTDPN# IBNCÞSHVFSWFHFUBSJBOP TBMTJDIB FUD 
$PFO[JNBQBSBJOÞNFSBTSFBÎÜFTPYJEBÎÍPSFEVÎÍPFNEJWFSTBTWJBTNFUBCØMJ- -FJUFFCFCJEBTËCBTFEFMFJUF QSPEVUPTËCBTFEFQÍFTFDFSFBJTGPSUJmDBEPTQFRVFOBT
Riboflavina
cas e na produção de energia. RVBOUJEBEFTOBNBJPSJBEPTBMJNFOUPTEFPSJHFNWFHFUBM

Tabela 3 . Fontes vegetarianas de nutrientes essenciais.

GPSOFDFS HPSEVSBT TBUVSBEBT FN FYDFTTP TF B JOHFTUÍP EF HPS- WFHFUBSJBOBPVTÍPNFOPTBCTPSWJEPTBQBSUJSEFGPOUFTWFHFUBJTFN
EVSBT BOJNBJT JODMVJOEP RVFJKPT F PVUSPT MBUJDÓOJPT DPN BMUP UFPS DPNQBSBÎÍPDPNBTGPOUFTBOJNBJT&TUFTOVUSJFOUFTJODMVFNPGFSSP 
EF HPSEVSBT F PWPT GPSFN DPOTVNJEPT SFHVMBSNFOUF 1PSRVF PT [JODP DÈMDJP WJUBNJOB% JPEPFBMHVNBTEBTWJUBNJOBTEPDPNQMFYP#
ÈDJEPTHSBYPTÙNFHBQPEFNTFSJNQPSUBOUFTQBSBBNPEVMBÎÍP #FSJCPnBWJOB 0VUSPTOVUSJFOUFTJODMVJOEPPQPUÈTTJP NBHOÏTJP 
JOGMBNBUØSJB 5IPNBTFUBM  BUMFUBTWFHFUBSJBOPTQPEFNTF GPMBUP  WJUBNJOBT "  $  & F , OPSNBMNFOUF FTUÍP QSFTFOUFT EF NB-
CFOFGJDJBSEBTFMFÎÍPJOUFODJPOBMEFBMJNFOUPTSJDPTFNÙNFHB OFJSBBCVOEBOUFFNVNBEJFUBWFHFUBSJBOBFRVJMJCSBEB .FMJOBFUBM 
5BCFMB OPMVHBSPVDPNPDPNQMFNFOUPEFBMHVOTØMFPTSJDPTFN 2016).
ÙNFHB NJMIP TFNFOUFEFBMHPEÍP HJSBTTPMFDÈSUBNP .FTNP
RVF B USBOTGPSNBÎÍP FOEØHFOB EP ÈDJEP BMGBMJOPMÐOJDP "-"  Ë Ferro:"JOHFTUÍPEFGFSSPQPEFTFSVNBQSFPDVQBÎÍPQBSBBUMFUBT
ÈDJEPFJDPTBQFOUBFOØJDP &1" TFKBJOFGJDJFOUFFJOGMVFODJBEBQFMP WFHFUBSJBOPT QBSUJDVMBSNFOUFBUMFUBTEPTFYPGFNJOJOP0'FSSPOÍP
FTUBEP EF TBÞEF  TFYP  JEBEF F DPNQPTJÎÍP EB EJFUB TVB DPO- IFNF GFSSPEFPSJHFNWFHFUBM ÏNFMIPSBCTPSWJEPDPNBMJNFOUPTRVF
WFSTÍPÏNBJPSRVBOEPBTDPODFOUSBÎÜFTEFÙNFHBTÍPCBJYBT  DPOUÐNÈDJEPBTDØSCJDP FYFNQMP GSVUBTDÓUSJDBTPVTVDPTDÓUSJDPT UP-
FWJEÐODJBT TVHFSFN RVF BT OFDFTTJEBEFT EF ÙNFHB QPEFN NBUFTFNFMÍP FPVUSPTÈDJEPTPSHÉOJDPTFÏJOJCJEPQFMPTmUBUPTEPT
TFSBUJOHJEBTDPNP"-"QPSTJTØ .FMJOBFUBM  "TÓOUFTF WFHFUBJT PTQPMJGFOØJT UBOJOPTEPDIÈ DBDBVFDBGÏ TPKBFQSPUFÓOBT
FOEØHFOB EF &1" F ÈDJEP EPDPTBIFYBFOØJDP %)"  B QBSUJS EP EPTMBUJDÓOJPT BMÏNEFBMJNFOUPTDPNBMUBTDPODFOUSBÎÜFTEFDÈMDJP 
"-" QBSFDF TFS TVGJDJFOUF QBSB NBOUFS DPODFOUSBÎÜFT FTUÈWFJT B [JODPFPVUSPTNJOFSBJTEJWBMFOUFT 0UUFOFUBM  $P[JOIBSDPN
MPOHPQSB[PFNWFHFUBSJBOPT"UMFUBTWFHFUBSJBOPTQPEFNUBNCÏN VUFOTÓMJPTEFGFSSPUBNCÏNBVNFOUBPDPOUFÞEPEFGFSSP QBSUJDVMBS-
DPOTJEFSBS TVQMFNFOUPT EF NJDSPBMHBT SJDPT FN %)" (FQQFSU FU NFOUFRVBOEPPTBMJNFOUPTTÍPMJHFJSBNFOUFÈDJEPT QPSFYFNQMP P
BM  RVFTÍPCFNBCTPSWJEPTFBVNFOUBNBTDPODFOUSBÎÜFT NPMIP EF UPNBUF  4F P OÓWFM EF GFSSP Ï VNB QSFPDVQBÎÍP  P OVUSJ-
TBOHVÓOFBTEF%)"F&1""UMFUBTRVFIBCJUVBMNFOUFPCUÐNNBJT DJPOJTUB FTQPSUJWP PV NÏEJDP EFWFN BWBMJBS TF B TVQMFNFOUBÎÍP EF
EFEBFOFSHJBBQBSUJSEFHPSEVSBTTBUVSBEBTEFWFSJBNSFQPS GFSSPÏOFDFTTÈSJB .BVHIBOFUBM  4VQMFNFOUPTEFGFSSPEF
BMHVNBTQPSÎÜFTEFMBUJDÓOJPTDPNBMUPUFPSEFHPSEVSBFPVPWPT BMUBEPTBHFNOÍPEFWFNTFSDPOTVNJEPTBOÍPTFSRVFBEFmDJÐODJB
BMÏNEBTGPOUFTiQMBOUCBTFEw .FMJOBFUBM   EFGFSSPFTUFKBQSFTFOUF KÈRVFQPEFJOUFSGFSJSOBBCTPSÎÍPEFPVUSPT
NJOFSBJT 0UUFOFUBM  FQPEFMFWBSBVNFYDFTTPEFFTUPRVFT
Vitaminas e Minerais: Vitaminas e minerais são parte essencial EFGFSSPFNJOEJWÓEVPTFNSJTDPQBSBIFNPDSPNBUPTF
da dieta de todos os atletas. Atletas vegetarianos podem precisar de
BUFOÎÍPFTQFDJBMQBSBVNHSVQPEFOVUSJFOUFTRVFTÍPFODPOUSBEPT Zinco:$PNPPGFSSP POÓWFMTVCØUJNPEP[JODPQPEFTFSEFBMHVNB
FN NFOPS RVBOUJEBEF OPT BMJNFOUPT RVF GB[FN QBSUF EF VNB EJFUB GPSNB QSFWBMFOUF FN DFSUPT BUMFUBT  JODMVJOEP BUMFUBT EP TFYP GFNJ-


Sports Science Exchange (2018) Vol. 29, No. 188, 1-7

nino e atletas seguindo dietas veganas e vegetarianas. Em vegetari- QBSBDP[JOIBSFTBMHBSPTBMJNFOUPT DPMIFSEFDIÈPVHGPSOFDFN


BOPT VNOÓWFMEF[JODPNBJTCBJYPQPEFTFSBUSJCVÓEPBTFMFÎÍPEF RVBTF B RVBOUJEBEF EB 3%"  PV NH EF TØEJP  DPODPNJUBOUF B
alimentos pobres em zinco ou a biodisponibilidade reduzida do zinco SFEVÎÍPBEFRVBEBEBJOHFTUÍPEFBMJNFOUPTQSPDFTTBEPT WFKBUBCFMB
de alimentos de origem vegetal em comparação com alimentos de QBSBGPOUFTBEJDJPOBJT 0TBMNBSÓUJNP TBJTHPVSNFU BNBJPSJBEPT
PSJHFNBOJNBM .FMJOBFUBM  7FHFUBSJBOPTRVFDPOTPNFNVNB temperos salgados (tamari, shoyu) e a maioria dos alimentos proces-
EJFUBWBSJBEBFCFNFRVJMJCSBEBRVFDPOUÏNNVJUPTBMJNFOUPTEFPSJ- sados contendo sal não são iodados.
HFNWFHFUBMSJDPTFN[JODP 5BCFMB JODMVJOEPMFHVNJOPTBTFHSÍPT
JOUFHSBJTQSPWBWFMNFOUFJSÍPBUJOHJSVNOÓWFMBEFRVBEPEF[JODPTFN Vitamina B12 e Riboflavina: "UMFUBTRVFTFHVFNEJFUBTWFHBOBT
TVQMFNFOUBÎÍP EJFUÏUJDB )VOU FU BM    %F NBOFJSB TJNJMBS BP PVQSØYJNBTEBTWFHBOBTFTUÍPFNSJTDPQBSBCBJYPOÓWFMEFWJUBNJOB
GFSSP ÈDJEPTPSHÉOJDPTDPNPPTDÓUSJDPT ÈDJEPNÈMJDPFMÈUJDPQPEFN # 1BXMBLFUBM  RVFÏFODPOUSBEBFYDMVTJWBNFOUFFNQSPEV-
NFMIPSBSBBCTPSÎÍPEF[JODPFNBMHVNBFYUFOTÍP -POOFSEBM   tos de origem animal (Melina et al., 2016). Atletas veganos deveriam
FORVBOUPUÏDOJDBTEFQSFQBSBÎÍPEFBMJNFOUPTDPNPJNFSTÍPFHFS- DPOTVNJS BMJNFOUPT GPSUJmDBEPT DPN # EJBSJBNFOUF  PV JOHFSJS
NJOBÎÍPEFGFJKÜFT HSÍPT DBTUBOIBTFTFNFOUFT FBGFSNFOUBÎÍPEP TVQMFNFOUPT DPOUFOEP WJUBNJOB # PV VN NVMUJWJUBNÓOJDP "UMFUBT
QÍPQPEFNSFEV[JSBMJHBÎÍPEP[JODPDPNPÈDJEPGÓUJDPNFMIPSBOEPB WFHFUBSJBOPTUBNCÏNEFWFSJBNDPOTJEFSBSVUJMJ[BSVNTVQMFNFOUPTF
TVBBCTPSÎÍP .FMJOBFUBM 0UUFOFUBM   BTVBJOHFTUÍPEFMBUJDÓOJPTFPVPWPTÏMJNJUBEB"SJCPnBWJOBQPEFTFS
VNBRVFTUÍPQBSBWFHBOPTFWFHFUBSJBOPTRVFMJNJUBNBJOHFTUÍPEF
Cálcio e Vitamina D:"JOHFTUÍPEFDÈMDJPÏVNBQSFPDVQBÎÍPQBSB MBUJDÓOJPT )FSSNBOO(FJTFM  FQPTTJWFMNFOUFUBNCÏNGB[FN
BUMFUBTWFHBOPTFWFHFUBSJBOPTRVFDPOTPNFNPNÓOJNPEFMBUJDÓOJPT SFTUSJÎÍPFOFSHÏUJDB"TNFMIPSFTGPOUFTEFTUBTWJUBNJOBTFNJOFSBJT
"QFTBSEFTFSQPTTÓWFMBPTWFHFUBSJBOPT JODMVJOEPPTWFHBOPT BUJOHJS QBSBWFHBOPTFWFHFUBSJBOPTFTUÍPMJTUBEBTOB5BCFMB
BTSFDPNFOEBÎÜFTQBSBPDÈMDJP VNBTFMFÎÍPDSJUFSJPTBEFGPOUFTRVF
TÍPCFNBCTPSWJEBTEPDÈMDJPFNDPOKVOUPDPNBQPTTÓWFMVUJMJ[BÎÍP
EFBMJNFOUPTGPSUJmDBEPTDPNDÈMDJPQPEFBKVEBSBHBSBOUJSBBEFRVB- OUTROS ASPECTOS NUTRICIONAIS DO VEGETARIANISMO
ÎÍPEFTUFNJOFSBM .BOHFMT  "MJNFOUPTEFPSJHFNWFHFUBMRVF RELEVANTES AOS ATLETAS
TÍPSJDPTFNDÈMDJPDPNCPBBCTPSÎÍPFTUÍPMJTUBEPTOB5BCFMB" Evitar a baixa disponibilidade de energia para atletas
CJPEJTQPOJCJMJEBEF EP DÈMDJP OB NBJPSJB EFTUFT BMJNFOUPT EF PSJHFN vegetarianos
WFHFUBMÏUÍPCPB PVNFMIPSRVFPMFJUFEFWBDB RVFUFNVNBBCTPS-
ÎÍPQBSDJBMEF 8FBWFSFUBM   5BCFMB &YDFÎÜFTJODMVFN Atletas pressionados a obter sucesso nos esportes, atingindo
PFTQJOBGSF BDFMHB GPMIBEBCFUFSSBCBFSVJCBSCP RVFUFNVNBCBJYB PV NBOUFOEP  VN QFTP DPSQPSBM CBJYP EF NBOFJSB JNQSBUJDÈWFM
CJPEJTQPOJCJMJEBEF  EFWJEPBPBMUPDPOUFÞEPEFPYBMBUPEFTUFT QFMB SFTUSJÎÍP BMJNFOUBS FPV FYFSDÓDJPT FN FYDFTTP BQSFTFOUBN
BMJNFOUPT"WJUBNJOB% RVFBVYJMJBBBCTPSÎÍPEFDÈMDJP QPEFUBN- SJTDP QBSB PT EJTUÞSCJPT EF CBJYB EJTQPOJCJMJEBEF EF FOFSHJB BU-
CÏNTFSVNBQSFPDVQBÎÍPQBSBBMHVOTBUMFUBTEFWJEPËFYQPTJÎÍPTP- VBMNFOUFEFOPNJOBEPTEF%FGJDJÐODJBEF&OFSHJB3FMBUJWBOP&T-
lar limitada e/ou ingestão reduzida de alimentos contendo vitamina D. QPSUF 3&%4  5IPNBTFUBM  )ÈBMHVNBTFWJEÐODJBTEFRVF
&ORVBOUPPTWFHFUBSJBOPTFWFHBOPTQPEFNFTUBSFNSJTDPBVNFOUBEP EJTUÞSCJPT FOEØDSJOPT  CBJYB EFOTJEBEF ØTTFB  BMJNFOUBÎÍP EFTF-
EFWJEPËCBJYBJOHFTUÍPEJFUÏUJDB $SPXFFUBM  GBUPSFTDPNPB RVJMJCSBEB F PVUSPT GBUPSFT GÓTJDPT QPEFN TFS NBJT DPNVOT FOUSF
pigmentação da pele, intensidade da exposição solar e suplementação BUMFUBT WFHFUBSJBOPT -BSTPO.FZFS    &TQFDJBMJTUBT DPODPS-
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RVFBJOHFTUÍPEFGPOUFTBMJNFOUBSFT $IBOFUBM  "TOFDFTTJ- PT WFHFUBSJBOPT Ï EFWJEP BP WFHFUBSJBOJTNP TFS GSFRVFOUFNFOUF
dades de vitamina D podem ser atingidas pela exposição de braços, tido como uma maneira socialmente aceita de restringir a ingestão
QFSOBT BCEÙNFOFDPTUBT DPNPFYFNQMP TIPSUTFVNUPQFTQPSUJWP  EFBMJNFOUPTFQPEFSNBTDBSBSVNEJTUÞSCJPBMJNFOUBS #BSOBSE
ËMV[EPNFJPEJBQPS_NJOVUPTEJWFSTBTWF[FTOBTFNBOBEF- -FWJO  &OUSFJOEJWÓEVPTOÍPBUMFUBT PTWFHFUBSJBOPTQBSDJBJT
QFOEFOEPEBQJHNFOUBÎÍPEBQFMF )PTTFJO/F[IBE)PMJDL  BP JOWÏT EF WFHFUBSJBOPT WFSEBEFJSPT BQSFTFOUBSBN NBJPS SJTDP
5BCFMB "TVQMFNFOUBÎÍPDPN6*EJBQPEFTFSCFOÏ- EF QBESÜFT EF BMJNFOUBÎÍP EFTFRVJMJCSBEPT 5JNLP FU BM   
mDB  FTQFDJBMNFOUF QBSB BUMFUBT RVF NPSBN FN MBUJUVEFT FYUSFNBT 6NBNBJPSQSFWBMÐODJBEF3&%4FOUSFPTWFHFUBSJBOPTQPEFUBN-
HSBVTOPSUFPVTVMEFMBUJUVEF RVFUSFJOBNQSJODJQBMNFOUFFN CÏN TFS OÍP JOUFODJPOBM F EFWJEP Ë TFMFÎÍP EF BMJNFOUPT EF PSJ-
ambientes internos, utilizam protetor solar em excesso ou tem gordura HFNWFHFUBMDPNCBJYBEFOTJEBEFFOFSHÏUJDBFBMUPUFPSEFGJCSBT
corporal excessiva, pele com pigmentação escura ou pele muito clara QBSBMFMPËBMUBEFNBOEBEFUSFJOBNFOUPT WFKBTFÎÍPBOUFSJPSTPCSF
FGPUPTTFOTJCJMJEBEF0TWFHBOPTQPEFNTFSBDPOTFMIBEPTBQSPDVSBS &OFSHJB *TUPQPEFSFTVMUBSOBDJSDVMBÎÍPSFEV[JEBEPTIPSNÙOJPT
BWJUBNJOB%EFSJWBEBEPMÓRVFOBPJOWÏTEBMBOPMJOBFBWJUBNJOB TFYVBJT JODMVJOEPFTUSPHÐOJP QSPHFTUFSPOBFUFTUPTUFSPOB EFWJEP
%QSPEV[JEBBQBSUJSEBJSSBEJBÎÍPEPFSHPTUFSPMGFSNFOUBEP .BO- ËJOUFSSVQÎÍPEBGVOÎÍPSFQSPEVUJWBIJQPUBMÉNJDBOPSNBMDBVTBEB
HFMT  1FTRVJTBTTVHFSFN OPFOUBOUP RVFBWJUBNJOB%QPEF QFMBEJTQPOJCJMJEBEFFOFSHÏUJDBSFEV[JEB"MJUFSBUVSBNBJTSFDFOUF
TFSNFOPTFGFUJWBRVFBWJUBNJOB%RVBOEPDPOTVNJEBFNNBJPSFT UBNCÏN PCTFSWPV RVF DPODFOUSBÎÜFT NBJT CBJYBT EP FTUSPHÐOJP
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BOPTRVFOÍPDPOTPNFNTBMEFNFTB OPSNBMNFOUFGPSUJmDBEPDPN RVBOUJEBEFEFFTUSPHÐOJPOBTGF[FT -BSTPO.FZFS  "UFT-
JPEP PVBMHBTNBSJOIBT PVRVFDPOTPNFNBMJNFOUPTEFPSJHFNWFH- tosterona circulante mais baixa em atletas do sexo masculino
FUBMDVMUJWBEPTFNTPMPDPNCBJYBTDPODFOUSBÎÜFTEFJPEP ,SBKDPWJDP- EFWJEPËJOHFTUÍPBMUBEFGJCSBTFSFEV[JEBEFFOFSHJBUBNCÏNÏ
WB,VEMBDLPWBFUBM  .FMJOBFUBM  5BNCÏNFYJTUFBMHV- QPTTÓWFM$PODFOUSBÎÜFTNBJTCBJYBTEFUFTUPTUFSPOB OPFOUBOUP 
NBFWJEÐODJBEFRVFPJPEPTFKBQFSEJEPQFMPTVPS PRVFQPEFDPMPDBS OÍPTÍPHFSBEBTQFMPDPOTVNPFYDFTTJWPEFBMJNFOUPTËCBTFEF
PTBUMFUBTRVFBQSFTFOUBNBMUBTUBYBTEFTVPSFNSJTDPBEJDJPOBMFN TPKB PV GJUPFTUSØHFOPT EB TPKB )BNJMUPO3FFWFT FU BM    0
SFMBÎÍPBPOÓWFMJEFBM 4NZUI%VOUBT  0FTUBEPBEFRVBEPEF DPOTVNPEFTPKBQPSBUMFUBTEPTFYPNBTDVMJOPOÍPMFWBBGFNJOJ-
JPEPQPEFTFSHBSBOUJEPFODPSBKBOEPPTBUMFUBTBVUJMJ[BSFNTBMJPEBEP MJ[BÎÍPEFTUFTBUMFUBT"UMFUBTWFHFUBSJBOBTDPNGVOÎÍPNFOTUSVBM

Sports Science Exchange (2018) Vol. 29, No. 188, 1-7

anormal ou testosterona reduzida devem ser aconselhadas sobre t "TOFDFTTJEBEFTEFQSPUFÓOBTWBSJBNEFQFOEFOEPEPUJQP


DPNP BUJOHJS B EFNBOEB FOFSHÏUJDB FN VNB EJFUB WFHFUBSJBOB EP FYFSDÓDJP F JOUFOTJEBEF &YDFMFOUFT GPOUFT WFHFUBSJBOBT
1BSBBUMFUBTFNUSFJOBNFOUPJOUFOTP VNBEJFUBiQMBOUCBTFEwDPN JODMVFNBMJNFOUPTEFSJWBEPTEBTPKB GFJKÜFT MFOUJMIBT UPGV 
RVBOUJEBEF FYDFTTJWB EF GJCSBT QPEF SFTVMUBS FN JOHFTUÍP FOFS- PMFBHJOPTBT TFNFOUFTFBNBJPSJBEPTHSÍPTJODMVJOEPBRVJ-
HÏUJDB JOTVGJDJFOUF  QPTTJWFMNFOUF SFEV[JOEP B DJSDVMBÎÍP FOUFSP OVB 5BCFMB -FJUF JPHVSUF DPBMIBEB RVFJKPDPUUBHFFPWPT
IFQÈUJDBEPTIPSNÙOJPTTFYVBJTFTUFSØJEFT"UMFUBTEPTFYPGFNJ- TÍPGPOUFTSJDBTEFQSPUFÓOBTQBSBWFHFUBSJBOPT
OJOPBQSFTFOUBOEPBNFOPSSFJBEFWFSJBNTFSFODPSBKBEBTBWJTJUBS
TFVTNÏEJDPTQFTTPBJTPVNÏEJDPEBFRVJQFQBSBVNBBWBMJBÎÍP t "HPSEVSBBMJNFOUBSÏFTTFODJBMQBSBBBCTPSÎÍPEFWJUBNJ-
minuciosa. OBTMJQPTTPMÞWFJTFÈDJEPTHSBYPTFTTFODJBJT"MJNFOUPTSJDPT
em gorduras mono e poli-insaturadas, como as oleaginosas
Atletas vegetarianos jovens e sementes, abacate, azeitonas e azeite, óleo de gergelim,
"TEJFUBTWFHFUBSJBOBTTÍPBQSPQSJBEBTQBSBUPEPTPTFTUÈHJPTEP EFWFSJBNTFSJODMVÓEPTOBEJFUB'POUFTWFHFUBSJBOBTEFHPS-
DJDMP EF WJEB JODMVJOEP B JOGÉODJB F BEPMFTDÐODJB .FMJOB FU BM  EVSBÙNFHBRVFJODMVFNBTOP[FT MJOIBÎB DIJB FØMFPTEF
 0KPWFNBUMFUB OPFOUBOUP QPEFTFEFQBSBSDPNEFTBGJPT DBOPMB  OP[FT  MJOIBÎB UBNCÏN EFWFSJBN TFS QBSUF EB EJFUB
FYUSBT EVSBOUF GBTFT EF DSFTDJNFOUP DPNCJOBEPT DPN USFJOP FY- No entanto, a ingestão de gorduras saturadas e gorduras trans
DFTTJWPFPVQBSUJDJQBÎÍPFNFTQPSUFT0TOVUSJFOUFTRVFQPEFN FODPOUSBEBT FN MBUJDÓOJPT DPN BMUP UFPS EF HPSEVSB  DPDP F
UFSOFDFTTJEBEFEFBUFOÎÍPOPQMBOFKBNFOUPEFEJFUBTWFHBOBTF muitos alimentos processados deve ser limitada.
WFHFUBSJBOBTOVUSJDJPOBMNFOUFBEFRVBEBTQBSBKPWFOTBUMFUBT QBS-
UJDVMBSNFOUFEVSBOUFGBTFTEFDSFTDJNFOUP JODMVFNPGFSSP [JODP  t "ÐOGBTFOBJODMVTÍPEFBMJNFOUPTSJDPTFNGFSSP [JODP 
WJUBNJOB # F QBSB BMHVOT P DÈMDJP F B WJUBNJOB %"MÏN EJTTP  DÈMDJP WJUBNJOB#FSJCPGMBWJOBÏFTTFODJBM 5BCFMB &O-
BT OFDFTTJEBEFT EF QSPUFÓOBT QBSB DSJBOÎBT WFHFUBSJBOBT QPEFN RVBOUP P DPOTVNP EFTUFT OVUSJFOUFT BUSBWÏT EF BMJNFOUPT
TFS MJHFJSBNFOUF NBJPSFT RVF B 3%" QBSB BUFOEFS EJGFSFOÎBT OB OBUVSBJTFGPSUJGJDBEPTÏQSFGFSFODJBM FTUFTOVUSJFOUFTQPEFN
EJHFTUJCJMJEBEF EBT QSPUFÓOBT F DPNQPTJÎÍP EF BNJOPÈDJEPT .F- ocasionalmente necessitar de suplementação (Melina et al.,
MJOBFUBM  "QFTBSEPTGBUPSFTEJFUÏUJDPTUFSFNPQPEFSEF 5IPNBTFUBM  "TVQMFNFOUBÎÍPDPNWJUBNJOB
JOUFSGFSJSOBBCTPSÎÍPEFGFSSPF[JODP EFGJDJÐODJBTEFTUFTNJOFSBJT %  FN QBSUJDVMBS  QPEF TFS OFDFTTÈSJB RVBOEP B FYQPTJÎÍP
OÍP TÍP DPNVOT FN DSJBOÎBT WFHFUBSJBOBT RVF WJWFN FN QBÓTFT Ë MV[ TPMBS Ï MJNJUBEB" TVQMFNFOUBÎÍP DPN JPEP QPEF TFS
JOEVTUSJBMJ[BEPT (JCTPOFUBM   OFDFTTÈSJB QBSB BRVFMFT RVF NPSBN FN ÈSFBT DPN CBJYPT
OÓWFJT EF JPEP OPT BMJNFOUPT PV RVBOEP OÍP TF VUJMJ[BS TBM
APLICAÇÕES PRÁTICAS iodado (Maughan et al., 2018). A suplementação geral de-
Atletas vegetarianos são capazes de atingir suas necessidades veria ser considerada para dietas restritivas ou com baixa
EFJOHFTUÍPEFFOFSHJBFOVUSJFOUFTDPNQMBOFKBNFOUPBEFRVBEP EFOTJEBEFFOFSHÏUJDB
.FMJOB FU BM    0 BUMFUB EFWF TFS FODPSBKBEP B DPOTVNJS
VNB EJFUB RVF DPOUFOIB VNB WBSJFEBEF EF BMJNFOUPT EF PSJHFN t "T SB[ÜFT EF VN BUMFUB QBSB FTDPMIFS TFS WFHFUBSJBOP F
WFHFUBM JODMVJOEP BMJNFOUPT DPNP HSÍPT JOUFHSBJT F FOSJRVFDJEPT  BTSFDPNFOEBÎÜFTCBTFBEBTFNBMJNFOUPTDPNCPBBDFJUB-
GSVUBT IPSUBMJÎBT BMJNFOUPTEFPSJHFNWFHFUBMSJDPTFNQSPUFÓOBT  ÎÍPEFWFNTFSDPOTJEFSBEBT QPOEFSBOEPUBNCÏNBGJMPTPGJB
F TFEFTFKBEP MBUJDÓOJPTFPWPT1SPGJTTJPOBJTFUSFJOBEPSFTEFWFN JNQMÓDJUBOPDPOUFYUPEPBUMFUBTPCSFWFHFUBSJBOJTNP
QSPDVSBSFOUFOEFSBTSB[ÜFTEPBUMFUBFNFTDPMIFSTFSWFHFUBSJBOP 
TFSFNTFOTÓWFJTËTOFDFTTJEBEFTJOEJWJEVBJTFFEVDBSFNBEFRVB-
EBNFOUFPTBUMFUBTWFHFUBSJBOPTTPCSFBTGPOUFTEFBNCPTNBDSP CONCLUSÕES
F NJDSPOVUSJFOUFT NFODJPOBEBT  RVF DBJCBN FN TVBT DSFOÎBT F "UMFUBTEFUPEPTPTOÓWFJTEFDPNQFUJÎÍPQPEFNBUJOHJSTVBTOF-
WBMPSFT QFTTPBJT 0T QSPGJTTJPOBJT QSFDJTBN UFS DFSUF[B EF RVF P cessidades de energia e nutrientes por meio de uma dieta vegana
BUMFUB OÍP TF EJ[ WFHFUBSJBOP QBSB NBTDBSBS BMHVN EJTUÞSCJP BMJ- PVWFHFUBSJBOBRVFDPOUFOIBVNBWBSJFEBEFEFBMJNFOUPT JODMV-
NFOUBS KÈRVFJTTPÏVNBEPFOÎBNFOUBMTÏSJBRVFQPEFQSFKVEJDBS JOEPHSÍPT GSVUBT IPSUBMJÎBT BMJNFOUPTEFPSJHFNWFHFUBMSJDPTFN
BTBÞEFFBQFSGPSNBODFBUMÏUJDB1PSÞMUJNP OVODBEFWFTFSEJUP QSPUFÓOBT F TFEFTFKBEP MBUJDÓOJPTFPWPT%FQFOEFOEPEBQSFGFS-
BPT BUMFUBT WFHFUBSJBOPT RVF FMFT EFWFN DPOTVNJS QSPEVUPT EF ÐODJBBMJNFOUBS QBESÜFTBMJNFOUBSFTFJOUFOTJEBEFEFFYFSDÓDJPT 
PSJHFNBOJNBMQBSBPCUFSVNBOVUSJÎÍPBEFRVBEB OP FOUBOUP  B EJFUB EF BMHVOT BUMFUBT QPEF DPOUFS RVBOUJEBEFT
abaixo das ideais de certos nutrientes essenciais, incluindo o total
" TFHVJS FTUÍP BMHVNBT EJDBT QBSB PT BUMFUBT FN SFMBÎÍP Ë TVB EFFOFSHJB QSPUFÓOBT ÈDJEPTHSBYPTÙNFHB DÈMDJP WJUBNJOB% 
nutrição: GFSSP [JODP JPEP SJCPGMBWJOBFWJUBNJOB#/FTUFTDBTPT PTBUMF-
t "UJOHJSBTOFDFTTJEBEFTEFFOFSHJBÏGVOEBNFOUBMOBPC- UBTQPEFNNFMIPSBSPOÓWFMEFOVUSJFOUFTOPSNBMNFOUFDPNVNB
UFOÎÍPEFVNBOVUSJÎÍPBEFRVBEBFQFSGPSNBODFJEFBM TFMFÎÍP DVJEBEPTB EF BMJNFOUPT DPOUFOEP PT OVUSJFOUFT FN GBMUB
5BCFMB FDPNVNBGPOUFEFTVQMFNFOUPRVBOEPOFDFTTÈSJP
t $BSCPJSBUPT TÍP FTTFODJBJT QBSB HBSBOUJS B BEBQUBÎÍP
BEFRVBEB BPT USFJOPT F NBYJNJ[BS B QFSGPSNBODF EVSBOUF "QFTBS EBT QFTRVJTBT TVHFSJSFN FOGBUJDBNFOUF RVF VNB EJFUB
FYFSDÓDJPT QSPMPOHBEPT F SFQFUJUJWPT EF BMUB JOUFOTJEBEF iQMBOUCBTFEw QPEF PGFSFDFS NVJUPT CFOFGÓDJPT Ë TBÞEF EPT BUMF-
"UMFUBT EFWFSJBN DPOTVNJS FOUSF HLH .$EJB F BUÏ UBTFOÍPBUMFUBTEFNBOFJSBJHVBM IÈQPVDBFWJEÐODJBEFRVFBT
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longados). Fontes de carboidratos incluem alimentos como POÓWPSBTOBNFMIPSBEPTUSFJOPTFQFSGPSNBODFBUMÏUJDB
HSÍPT GSVUBT TVDPT MFHVNFTSJDPTFNBNJEP TVQMFNFOUPT
FTQPSUJWPT CFCJEBTEFSFQPTJÎÍPEFMÓRVJEPT HFMT CBSSBTFT-
QPSUJWBT FBÎÞDBSEFBEJÎÍP

6
Sports Science Exchange (2018) Vol. 29, No. 188, 1-7

REFERÊNCIAS
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6

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