MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

We have developed a formal system of thought for • BUBBLES, FOAM

recognizing, classifying, and exploiting patterns called o A foam is a mass of bubbles; foams of
mathematics. different materials occur in nature.
o At the scale of living cells, foam
- The origins of counting
patterns are common.
- Geometric patterns
• TESSELLATIONS
- Wave patterns in water and land
o are patterns formed by repeating tiles
- Patterns of movement
all over a flat surface.
- Fractals: the new science of irregularity; a
• CRACKS
never-ending pattern
o are linear openings that form in
Patterns in Nature Materials to relieve stress. Pattern of
cracks indicates whether the material
• Patterns surrounds us in nature. They’ll tell
is elastic or not.
you how things work on our planet, if you
• SPOTS, STRIPES
know where to look to find them.
o these patterns have an evolutionary
• Patterns in nature are visible regularities of
explanation. One function of animal
form found in the natural world. These
patterns is camouflage.
patterns recur in different context and can
sometimes be modeled mathematically. PATTERNS IN NUMBERS
• Natural patterns include symmetries, trees,
• PATTERNS
spirals, meanders, waves, foams, tessellations,
o Regular, repeated, recurring forms or
cracks and stripes.
designs
• SYMMETRY
o Repeats in a predictable manner
o is pervasive in living things
o Animals mainly have bilateral or SEQUENCE
mirror symmetry, as do the leaves of
plants and some flowers. • Is an ordered list of numbers, called terms,
that may have repeated values. The
• TREES, FRACTALS
arrangement of this set is through a definite
o Fractals are infinitely self-similar,
rule.
iterated mathematical construct.
o Fractal-like patterns occur in nature, in FIBONACCI SEQUENCE
phenomena such as clouds, river
networks, geologic fault lines, • The Fibonacci sequence was invented by the
mountains, coastline, animal Italian Leonardo Pisano Bigollo (1180-1250),
coloration, snowflakes, crystals, blood who is known in mathematical history by
vessel branching and ocean waves. several names:
• SPIRALS o Leonardo of Pisa and Fibonacci (son of
o are common to animals such as Bonacci) The Fibonacci sequence was
mollusks. the outcome of a mathematical
o Plant spirals can be seen in phyllotaxis problem about rabbit breeding.
(the arrangement of leaves on a stem) • FORMULA OF FIBONACCI SEQUENCE:
and in flower heads.
• WAVES, DUNES
o Waves are disturbances that carry
energy as they move
o Dunes may form a range of patterns
including crescents, very long straight
lines, stars, Domes, parabolas or seif.
MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD
What is in a Verbs Equality,
sentence inequality,
GOLDEN RATION membership
• The golden ratio is a mathematical ratio. It is in a set
commonly found in nature, and when used in
design, it fosters organic and natural looking Different meaning or use of words in Math and
compositions that are aesthetically pleasing to English:
the eye.
• The golden ratio (also known as the Golden • “and” is equivalent to plus
Section, Golden Mean, Divine Proportion, or • “is” may have different meaning
the Greek letter Phi) exists when a line is The different uses of numbers: cardinal, ordinal, or
divided into two parts and the longer part (a) nominal.
divided by the smaller part (b) is equal to the
sum of (a) + (b) divided by (a), which both • “Cardinal numbers” ones used for counting
equal to 1.618. • “Ordinal numbers” ones used for telling
• In design, the golden ratio boils down to positions
aesthetics – creating and appreciating a sense • “Nominal numbers” used only as a name to
of beauty through harmony and proportion. identify something
When applied to design, the golden ratio
A set in mathematics is a collection of well-defined
provides a sense of artistry; an X-factor; a
and distinct objects, considered as an object in its own
certain je ne sais quoi. This harmony and
right. Sets are one of the most fundamental concepts
proportion has been recognized for thousands
in mathematics.
of centuries:
UNIVERSAL SET
LANGUAGE OF MATHEMATHICS
- The totality of all the elements in two or more
• Language, a system of conventional spoken,
given sets
manual (signed), or written symbols by means
- Denoted by “U”
of which human beings, as members of a
social group and participants in its culture,
express themselves.
• PRECISE: It can make very fine distinctions
among set of symbols
• CONCISE: It can briefly express long sentences
• POWERFUL: It gives upon expressing complex
thoughts

ENGLISH MATH
Symbols English English
alphabet and Alphabet,
punctuation Numerals,
Greek Letters,
Grouping
Symbols,
Special
Symbols
Name Noun Expressions
Complete Thought Sentence Equation
Action Verbs Operations
and other
actions
(simplify,
rationalize)