indigenous

crafts out of
woods
Presented By G
ROUP 3
 WOODS
Wood is naturally occurring material,
it is easily available and relatively
cheaper than other available
materials.

Wood is a type of material that can

be crafted into any preferred shape
and size with the help of some tools
and equipment.
 WOODS
Wood is widely used for making
decorative furniture items and also
to decorate the interior of houses,
offices, shops, etc.

Wood is also a good insulator. It can

resist cold and heat from outside
and prevents from entering the
house .
classification of
woods
Hardwood
Softwood
 hardwood
Hardwood is a type of wood that is
usually denser that softwood.
Generally, the hardwoods are
believed to be stronger than the
softwoods.
Hardwoods are also known for
their beautiful grain patterns.
When in construction, the
durability of the structure is to be
considered, hardwoods are the
primary choice. Elements like
wooden floors, beams, and high-
quality furniture items are made
out of hardwood.
 types of hardwood
1. oak wood
Oak wood is a hard and durable wood. It is also known for its
strength. Oak wood is also resistant to fungal attacks. Mostly,
oak wood is used for furniture, cabinets, flooring, and paneling
works.

2. MAPLE wood
Maple wood is one of the most common types of hardwood
used in different works. It is extremely strong and durable, but
the hardness of maple wood is moderate. Maple wood is
generally used for different furniture items as well as for
floorings.
 types of hardwood
3. Cherry Wood
Cherry wood is obtained from the cherry fruit tree. It is light pink
at first and changes its color to reddish-brown with time. Cherry
wood is known for its flexibility. Due to this characteristic, cherry
wood can be molded into any shape and size. It is ideally used
for crafting fancy and expensive furniture items

4. mahogany wood
Commonly used for paneling, furniture, and making boats,
mahogany wood is known for its beauty, durability, and color.
Mahogany wood is extremely durable and possesses great
strength. It has straight, fine, and even grains.
 types of hardwood
5. walnut wood
Known for its versatility, walnut wood is a strong and durable
wood. This type of wood is resistant to shock. The density of
walnut wood is medium to light. Walnut wood is mostly used for
crafting high-quality furniture items.

6. alder wood
Alder wood is a type of hardwood, known for its characteristics
like natural beauty, workability, and versatility. Alder wood is
white when freshly cut. But when it is exposed to the
atmosphere, its color changes to honey-brown. It has medium-
density and straight grains, which makes it easy for carving,
turning, and machining.
 types of hardwood
7. teak wood
The teak wood trees take long time to grow, and it is usually
difficult to find them easily in the market. Due to this reason, the
price of teak wood in the market is very high. Teak wood was
primarily used for making boats out of it.

8. sal wood
Sal wood is commonly found everywhere and is used widely. Sal
wood is not so expensive as compared to teak wood. Sal wood
is used for making windows, doors, wooden beams, and piles. It
is mostly used in the interior part of the structure. If sal wood is
exposed to sunlight, it may develop cracks on it. Sal wood is
relatively strong and hard.
 softwood
Softwoods are usually less dense
than hardwoods and hence their
growth is also faster compared to
hardwoods. Due to the lower
density of softwoods, they are easy
to cut down. The softwoods are
relatively less resistant to fire.

Pine wood, cedar wood, fir wood,

spruce wood, and redwood are the
most common species of
softwoods used for construction
activities.
 types of softwood
1. pine wood
Pine wood is most commonly known for its versatility. Straight
grains are found in pine trees when cut down. Pine wood is
extensively used to make doors, windows, furniture, etc.

2. cedar wood
Cedar wood is known for its strong aroma, which is a special
feature of cedar wood. The aroma of cedar wood is so strong that
it can repel insects and moths from it. Cedar wood is lighter in
weight with a hard texture. Cedar wood is rot-resistant and is also
weather-resistant. It is a great choice for decorative furniture and
fencing work. Also, for outdoor elements like patio furniture and
outdoor wooden furniture, cedar wood is a great choice.
 types of softwood
3. fir wood
Fir wood is generally known for its great strength, durability, and
performance. These types of wood are extensively used for
woodworking and are also the primary choice for food working
and construction work. The fir wood does not deform easily as its
strength is higher.
4. spruce wood
Spruce wood is a lightweight softwood used for making ladders,
crates, aircraft works, and ship masts. Like fir wood, spruce
wood is also very strong and durable. The hardness of spruce
wood is usually moderate. Generally, fine grains are found in
spruce wood.
 types of softwood
5. red wood
Redwood is a premium-quality wood used for making high-
quality and premium wooden furniture. Redwood trees are very
tall. They can grow up to a height of 300 ft.. Superior quality
redwood is obtained from the inner part of the tree trunk, known
as the heartwood. The redwood tree contains a chemical that
makes it resistant to insects and weather. The durability of
redwood is also great.
tools and materials
used in wood crafts
Woodworking Hand Tools
Power Tools
Measuring Tools
Accessories
1. chesels woodworking
Chesels are one of the hand tools
most versatile
woodworking hand tools.
Chisels come in a variety
of shapes, sizes and
different materials used
for cutting, chipping,
carving and smoothing
surfaces and materials.
2. hammer woodworking
hand tools
Hammers come in a variety of
sizes, weights, handle lengths and
materials. While there isn’t a
universal woodworking hammer,
claw hammers and mixed hammer
sets featuring different types and
sizes of hammers for various
striking or positioning tasks are
great options for carpenters and
construction workers.
3. hand saw
Hand saw are simple and easy
woodworking
to use for quick tasks or where
detailed, precision cuts are
hand tools
required. Consider stocking
your workshop with a couple of
hand saws, like carpenter’s
saws or an adjustable hacksaw.
Invest in hand saws with high-
quality, sharp blades for a
consistently smooth cut.
4. mallet
Mallets feature large wooden,
plastic, metal or rubber heads,
woodworking
making them much softer than
most other hammers. Their
hand tools
large head helps absorb shocks
while striking, leaving minimal
marks, so they are often used
for tapping wood joints
together. Wooden mallets are
designed to strike the softest,
followed by rubber, rawhide,
plastic, lead, copper, bronze
and other metals.
5. hand plane
A hand plane shapes,
woodworking
smooths and flattens rough
wood or curved boards. A
hand tools
plane works like a razor,
shaving off small layers of
wood until the board is
straight and smooth. Many
hand planes are available
with various blades and
depths to consider.
6. sand paper
Sandpaper is a great tool for
woodworking
smoothing,
polishing
finishing and
woodwork. hand tools
Woodworking requires a variety
of different grits, so it’s a good
idea to have a wide assortment
of sandpaper. A lower number
grit is rougher and can quickly
remove material, while higher
numbers are smoother and
best for finishing work or
polishing. .
 power tools
1. TABLE SAW
A table saw is the power
tool seen in most
workshops. Also called
contractor saws, table saws
are used for making precise
straight or beveled cuts.
They feature a spinning
circular blade mounted
under a table to help
support a piece as it’s cut.
 power tools
2. circular saw
Circular saws feature a round blade
that rotates to make precise
straight, cross and beveled cuts in
wood or other materials. Circular
blades start at 3-3/8 inches and go
up to about 11 inches in diameter
for basic cutting. General-purpose
have blades on the left- or right-
hand side depending on the user’s
dominant hand. These also have
higher RPM and lower torque than
metal-cutting circular saws since
they are designed to cut wood.
 power tools
3. miter saw
Miter saws are similar to
circular saws in that they can
cut with or against the wood
grain to make straight, angled
and beveled cuts. Miter saws
have a small table with a blade
that lowers while it cuts and
can be set up to cut vertical
and beveled angles
simultaneously. Miter saw
blades range from 7-1/4 to 12
inches in diameter.
 power tools
4. jigsaw
When you need to cut curves,
a jigsaw is one of the best
tools for the job. Jigsaws
feature a blade that moves up
and down to make curved or
straight cuts in wood, walls,
ceilings and floors. The
narrow, straight blade allows
you to easily join corners
more accurately than other
saws.
 power tools
5. drill and driver
combo
Corded and cordless power
drills are a go-to tool for many
woodworking jobs since drills
aren’t only for making holes
but can be used with various
attachments like sanders and
rounding bits. A cordless drill
and driver combination kit can
come in handy since you can
use the drill for making holes
and the driver for screwing in
fasteners.
 power tools
6. lathe
A lathe is an indispensable
tool for wood turning,
helping make chair legs,
bowls and spindles. Wood
pieces are spun at high
speed and shaped using
special chisels and gouges.
 power tools
7. sanders
Woodworkers often use two types
of sanders: a sheet or random orbit
sander. The sheet sander's square
shape allows it to fit in tight corners
and against edges. It's often used
for light sanding, stripping paint or
preparing surfaces. Random orbit
sanders feature a round sanding
surface and variable speed settings
for more control and less-visible
grain scratching. Since random
orbit sanders can remove more
material, they are often preferred
for refinishing wood floors and
cabinetry.
 measuring tools
1. tape measure
A high-quality tape
measure is essential since
it will be one of the most
used tools in your
workshop. Most tape
measures reach up to 25
feet, but modern digital
devices can extend the
range even farther.
 measuring tools
2. square
A square is an important
tool used on many projects
for help making straight
lines and finding angles.
Consider purchasing
several squares of
different sizes to help
make measurements
easier.
 measuring tools
3. pencil
Carpenter’s wooden
pencils have wide, flat
bodies that can be
repeatedly sharpened to
restore the graphite tip,
making them great for
making notes and
transferring measurements
or cut lines to material.
 measuring tools
4. steel rule or
folding rule
Rules and straight edges are
used to make accurate
measurements and fold into
multiple sections for easy
storage. A non-skid steel ruler
is frequently used in
woodworking and machining
since it provides a more
precise straight line than
measuring tape or a folding
rule.
 measuring tools
6. level
A level can help tell you if
an item is flat or at the
correct angle, depending
on the type of level. Most
levels work using an air
bubble in a colored liquid.
1. wood glue
Good quality wood glue is an
important part of most
workshops since it’s accessories
frequently used for binding
boards together for cutting.
General-purpose wood glues
are great for woodworking,
furniture repair and carpentry
work that won’t be exposed to
outdoor elements. Water-
resistant wood glues are
available for outdoor
carpentry projects.
2. mineral spirit
Mineral spirits have many
uses in a workshop, from
removing paint to cleaning the accessories
wood surface. Mineral spirits
are commonly used for
removing dirt, polish, wax, dust
and oil from wood but should
always be used with caution
since they're flammable and
can easily create a fire
hazard.
3. sawhorses
Sawhorses hold
boards for cutting or
wood accessories
painting. Since you usually
use sawhorses in pairs,
buying at least two for your
workshop is
recommended.
4. clamps
Clamps are an essential tool
for your workshop and are
frequently used to hold
accessories
pieces of wood together
while the glue dries. There
are several types and sizes
of clamps, so having a good
assortment will help you find
the right one for any job.
5. hearing protection
A few of the power tools you
might use, including a table
saw, can get quite loud and accessories
damage your hearing if you
listen to them long-term. A
pair of earplugs or earmuffs
are inexpensive and will save
your hearing through the
years. This guide explains
more about the difference
between the two styles.
7. dust mask
Sawdust and other chemicals
can seriously damage your
lungs, especially after years of
accessories
working in your shop. Using a
dust mask can help you avoid
the dangers associated with
hazardous materials. Always
make sure your work area is
well-ventilated especially
when working with paint
thinner or other chemicals.
GROUP
BURGOS, MARDDIE
BUSTILLO, RHENALOU
CABALE, VEAH
CABIGQUEZ, NANETH
3 CALDERON, JIAHMAY
GATO, MARK DAVE
thank You