REVIEWER IN SCIENCE

VOLCANISM- natural process of eruption of molten rocks, pyroclastic fragments, and gaseous materials from
underneath the surface of the Earth?
( VEI ) Volcanic Explosivity Index- used to determine the intensity of volcanic eruption.
MAGMA- Molten rock beneath the surface of the Earth.
Classification of Volcano According to Activity: ACTIVE –has a current records of eruption & INACTIVE-
with record for the past more than 600 years ago.
Classification of Volcano According to Shape: COMPOSITE, CINDER, SHIELD ( read each meaning )
VOLCANIC GASES: Sulfur dioxide, Carbon dioxide
GEOTHERMAL ENERY- comes from the heat inside the Earth. The transformation of energy- THERMAL
ENERGY – MECHANICAL ENERGY – ELECTRICAL ENERGY.
GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP- It is used for space heating and cooling as well as water heating.
Note: Analyzed on the GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT and GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP work to
produce electricity. Read the advantages and disadvantages of Geothermal Energy.
CLIMATE- refers to the condition of the atmosphere at a particular location over a long period of time.
FACTORS AFFECTING CLIMATE: Altitude, Latitude, Ocean Current, Topography, Human Factors, Distance from the Equator,
Direction of prevailing winds. ( read the meaning of each factor )
WEATHER- refers to the condition of the atmosphere at a particular location place within a short period of time.
Factors affecting Weather: Wind, Temperature, Cloudiness, Atmospheric Pressure, Precipitation and Humidity.( Read the meaning of
each factor )
GREENHOUSE GASES- the excessive amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere due to human activities resulting to global air
pollution such as Carbon dioxide, Methan, Nitrous Oxide
GREENHOUSE EFFECT- enhanced greenhouse gases absorb heat radiated by the earth thereby preventing the heat from escaping to
outer space.
GLOBAL WARMING- greenhouse effect can lead to global warning. An increased in temperature around the world.
CLIMATE CHANGE- global warming can cause changes on climatic patterns making extreme weather events such as typhoons,
floods, drought, heat waves and more frequent and more destructive.
( read the positive and negative impacts of climate change.)
EL NIÑO – it is an abnormal and lengthy warming in the eastern part of pacific ocean.
LA NIÑA- it occurs when the trade winds that moved to east to west are stronger upwelling of colder water intensifies.
( read more about El Nino and La Nina)
STAR – large celestial bodies made of hydrogen and helium that produce light and heat from the churning
nuclear forges inside their cores.
Characteristics of Stars: Brightness, Color, Size, Mass, Surface Temperature ( read the meaning of each
characteristics )
( Red star are usually cooler stars and Blue was the hotter, Yellow & white are in mid range )
CONSTELLATION – are group of stars that form recognize pattern that are traditionally named or identified
after their apparent forms.
ASTERISM – visually obvious collection of stars smaller that constellation.
Scorpio- will not be visible in the night sky during the cold season.
Orion and Taurus are not visible in the night sky during summer.
Polaris - It is most commonly known as the North Star and is the brightest star in the constellation Ursa Minor
(Little Dipper).
Note: Study the table about the stars and constellation used by Matigsalug Manobo in Bukidnon