Constellation

Why do stars appear to move in the sky?

This is because Earth rotates on its axis, thus the stars
appear to move across the night sky from east to west,
and the sun seems to rise in the east and set in the
west.
 Constellation
Why do we see different constellations at different
times of the year?
This is because the Earth orbits around the sun from west to
east making the star seems to rise in the east and set in the
west. The rotation of the Earth on its axis causes the
observed movement of the stars in the night sky while the
revolution allows the observer to see a certain part of the sky
at different months of the year.
 Constellation
Start of the planting season. “Lepu”, by the “Matigsalug
Manobo” of Bukidnon. In the western equivalent, it is
known as the constellation of Aquila.
Ursa Major

Orion
Saggitarius Gemini
 Parts of Volcano

Ash and Gas Cloud

Crater
Lava
Secondary Vent
Main vent
Layers of lava and ash
Magma

Magma Chamber
Volcanoes
They can occur both land and underwater.
Many active volcanoes occur due to plate
tectonics.
Their name originated from stories of Vulcan,
who was the blacksmith of the Roman gods.
They are vents in the earth's crust through which
lava, rock fragments, hot vapor and gases are
ejected.
Strombolian
A periodic weak to
violent eruption
characterized by
fountain lava, just like
the Irazu Volcano in
Costa Rica.
 Signs of an Impending Volcanic Eruption
Occurrence of volcanic tremors.
Crater glow due to the presence of magma at or
near the crater.
Change in color of steam emission from white to
gray due to entrained ash.
 What is Geothermal Energy?
 This heat from the Earth’s interior is a source of
energy called geothermal energy
 What is Geothermal Energy?
 This heat from the Earth’s interior is a source of
energy called geothermal energy

How is geothermal energy generated?

 is generated in two ways: geothermal power plants
and geothermal heat pumps. They differ in the
depth of heat source to produce energy.
The Geothermal Power Plant

 Power plants are built in an area where it is

particularly hot just below the surface or near a
group of geysers, hot springs, or volcanic activity.
The Geothermal Power Plant
Steps to generate electricity in a geothermal power
plant:
1. Hot water is pumped from deep underground through a well high
pressure.
2. When the water reaches the surface, the pressure is dropped,
which causes the water to turn into steam.
3. The steam spins the turbine, which is connected to the generator
that produces electricity.
4.The steam cools off in a cooling tower and condenses back to water.
5. The cooled water is pumped back into the Earth to begin the
process again.
CLIMATE AFFECTING FACTOR
Ocean currents
 are the continuous and directional movement of
ocean created by the wind friction, water density,
earth’s rotation, solar energy, and gravity variation
in different parts of the ocean.
 cold ocean currents generally come from both
North Pole and South Pole.
In some places with no distinct summer and winter, these are due to its
geographical location and the presence of bodies of water. In places near
the coastal, summer is cooler and winter is warmer. For example, in
Moscow and Glasgow in Russia, winter is moderate in Glasgow than in
Moscow because it is near the coast. People in London also experienced the
same, even though its latitude is similar with Moscow, because it is closer
to the sea. In the Philippines, the climate is tropical with relatively high
temperature, high humidity, and abundant rainfall. The surrounding
bodies of water and high temperature brings a high relative humidity to the
archipelago