DEFINITION OF

DERIVATIVE
 DEFINITION OF DERIVATIVE
LET F BE A FUNCTION WHICH IS DEFINED AT EACH
NUMBER x IN SOME OPEN INTERVAL (a, b). THE
DERIVATIVE OF f AT x DENOTED BY f’(x) IS GIVEN BY
THE FORMULA:

′
𝑓 𝑥+ℎ −𝑓 𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
 EXAMPLE

1. f(x) = 2x + 5
𝑓 𝑥 + ℎ = 2(x+h) + 5
𝑓 𝑥+ℎ −𝑓 𝑥
′
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 VENUS
ℎ→0 ℎ
′
[2(x+h) + 5] − [2𝑥 + 5]
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
′
2x + 2h + 5 − 2𝑥 − 5
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
 ′
2h
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ

𝑓′ 𝑥 = 2

VENUS
 EXAMPLE
2. f(x) = 5x + 3
𝑓 𝑥 + ℎ = 5(x+h) + 3
𝑓 𝑥+ℎ −𝑓 𝑥
′
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 VENUS
ℎ→0 ℎ
′
[5(x+h) + 3] − [5𝑥 + 3]
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
′
5x + 5h + 3 − 5𝑥 − 3
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
 ′
5h
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ

𝑓′ 𝑥 = 5

VENUS
 EXAMPLE
3. f(x) = x2 +3x
𝑓 𝑥 + ℎ = (x+h)2 + 3(x+h)
𝑓 𝑥+ℎ −𝑓 𝑥
′
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 VENUS
ℎ→0 ℎ
2 2
′
[(x+h) + 3(x+h)] − [x +3𝑥]
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
2 2 2
′
x +2xh+h + 3x+3h − x − 3𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
 2
′
2xh+h +3h
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
′
h(2x+h+3)
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
′ VENUS
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 2𝑥 + ℎ + 3
ℎ→0

𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 2𝑥 + 0 + 3
ℎ→0

𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 3
 EXAMPLE
4. f(x) = 2x2 -x + 5
𝑓 𝑥 + ℎ = 2(x+h)2 − (x+h) + 5
𝑓 𝑥+ℎ −𝑓 𝑥
′
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 VENUS
ℎ→0 ℎ
2 2
′
[2(x+h) −(x+h)+5] − [2x −𝑥 + 5]
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
2 2 2
′
2(x +2xh+h )− x − h + 5 − 2x +𝑥 − 5
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
 2 2 2
′
2x + 4xh+2h − x − h + 5 − 2x +𝑥 − 5
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
2
′
4xh+2h −h
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
h(4x+2h−1) VENUS
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 4𝑥 + 2ℎ − 1
ℎ→0

𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 4𝑥 + 2(0) − 1 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 4𝑥 − 1
ℎ→0
 EXAMPLE
5. f(x) = 3x2 - 2x
𝑓 𝑥 + ℎ = 3(x+h)2 − 2(x+h)
𝑓 𝑥+ℎ −𝑓 𝑥
′
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 VENUS
ℎ→0 ℎ
2 2
′
[3(x+h) −2(x+h)] − [3x −2𝑥]
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
2 2 2
′
3(x +2xh+h )− 2x − 2h − 3x +2𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
 2 2 2
′
3x + 6xh+3h − 2x − 2h − 3x +2𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
2
′
6xh+3h − 2h
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
′
h(6x+3h−2)
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 6𝑥 + 3ℎ − 2
ℎ→0
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 6𝑥 + 3(0) − 2 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 6𝑥 − 2
ℎ→0
 EXAMPLE
6. f(x) = x2 +4 x + 5
𝑓 𝑥 + ℎ = (x+h)2 +4(x+h) +5
𝑓 𝑥+ℎ −𝑓 𝑥
′
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 VENUS
ℎ→0 ℎ
2 2
′
[(x+h) +4(x+h)+5] − [x +4𝑥 + 5]
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
2 2 2
′
x +2xh+h + 4x + 4h+5 − x −4𝑥 − 5
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
 2
′
2xh+h + 4h
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
′
h(2x+h+4)
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 2𝑥 + ℎ + 4
ℎ→0

𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 2𝑥 + 0 + 4
ℎ→0

𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 4
 PRACTICE
1. f(x) = 4x2 + 15
 SOLUTION
1. f(x) = 4x2 +15
𝑓 𝑥 + ℎ = 4(x+h)2 + 15

′
𝑓 𝑥+ℎ −𝑓 𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
2 2
′
[4(x+h) + 15] − [4x + 15]
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
2 2 2
′
4 (x +2xh+h )+ 15 − 4x −15
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
 2 2 2
′
4x +8xh+4h + 15 − 4x −15
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
′
h(8x+4h)
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 8x + 4h
ℎ→0

𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 8𝑥 + 4 0
ℎ→0

𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 8𝑥
 PRACTICE
2. f(x) = x2 − 5x + 8
 PRACTICE
3. f(x) = x3 −4 x + 3
 PRACTICE
3. f(x) = x3 −4 x + 3
 SOLUTION
3. f(x) = f(x) = x3 −4 x + 3
𝑓 𝑥 + ℎ = (x+h)3 −4(x + h) + 3
′
𝑓 𝑥+ℎ −𝑓 𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
3 3
′
[(x+h) −4(x + h) + 3] − [x − 4𝑥 + 3]
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
3 2 2 3 3
′
x +3x h+3xh +h − 4x − 4h + 3 − x + 4𝑥 − 3
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
 2 2 3
′
3x h+3xh +h − 4h
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
2 2
′
h(3x +3xh + h − 4)
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
ℎ→0 ℎ
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 3x 2 +3xh + h2 − 4
ℎ→0

𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 3x2 +3x(0) + (0)2 −4

ℎ→0

𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 3x 2 − 4
 PRACTICE
4. f(x) = 6x3 − 9x + 4
 PRACTICE
5. f(x) = x3 − 5x2 + x
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