Science 10

Science – Grade 10
Quarter 3 – Module 10: DNA Replication
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Adela C. Alvarez
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 Science 10
Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module10
DNA Replication
Structure of DNA and RNA
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the (SCIENCE 10) Self-Learning Module 10 on (DNA Replication)!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the (SCIENCE) Self-Learning Module 10 on (DNA Replication)!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an
active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measure how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. explain how DNA duplication itself using a model;
2. explain the complementary structure of DNA and RNA using a template; and
3. recognize the importance of DNA replication.

PRETEST

Direction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1Which among the following statements best describes DNA replication?
a. DNA replication creates a “Y” shape called replication fork.
b. DNA replication set as a template for making the new strand of DNA.
c. DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself
during cell division.
d. All of the above.
2.Which of the following enzymes is responsible for the unzipping of DNA double
strand?
a. amylase c. DNA ligase
b. helicase d. DNA polymerase
3.Which among the following is NOT a characteristic of RNA?
a. It consists of one strand.
b. Adenine always pair with thymine.
c. It is found in the cytoplasm of the cell.
d. It has three types namely mRNA, tRNA and rRNA.
4.Which of the following statements BEST describes the importance of DNA
replication?
a. DNA replication prevents the occurrence of mutation.
b. DNA replication protects the organisms from having diseases.
c. DNA replication ensures the adaptation of organisms to its environment.
d. DNA replication ensures that all dividing cells will have a complete set of
DNA
5.How important are the DNA and RNA to all living things?
a. They are the building blocks of proteins.
b. They are necessary for cell repair and growth.
c. They contain hereditary information of living things.
d. They are molecules essential for the expression of traits and production
of proteins.
 RECAP
Direction: Fill in the blanks with the correct words to compare DNA from RNA.
Basis of Comparison DNA RNA
No. of strands
Location in the cell
Type of sugar
Nitrogenous bases

LESSON

Chromosomes contain DNA inside the nucleus. Replication is essential for

cell division to occur. Cell division is important for growth & development and
repair of damage tissues. DNA replication ensures that each new cell receives its
own original copy of DNA. To understand the lesson better, let us read the following
terms:
Helicase – separates double stranded DNA into single strands allowing strands to
be copied.
Ligase – an enzyme which can connect 2 strands of DNA.
Okazaki fragment – synthesize discontinuously and later link together by the
enzyme DNA ligase to create lagging strand.
Polymerase – responsible in copying two identical DNA molecule.
Primase – synthesize short RNA sequence starting point of DNA synthesis.
Semi-conservative replication – when parental strands separate and serve as
template for new strands of DNA.DNA replication is a process of producing two
identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. It happens during
interphase, specifically in S phase.
 Figure1: DNA Replication
https://bit.ly/34tw5Jb

DNA replication has three stages:

Stage 1: unzipping of DNA double strand
Stage 2: attachment of bases with the free nucleotides in cytoplasm
Stage 3: addition of the complementary nucleotides

A DNA is a double helix molecule composed of complementary strands of

deoxyribonucleotides units. The complementary base pairs of the DNA are held
together by hydrogen bonds. In DNA adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) while
guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C).

Figure2: DNA VS. RNA

https://bit.ly/2TofLDe
 A DNA is a double helix molecule composed of complementary strands of
deoxyribonucleotides units. The complementary base pairs of the DNA are held
together by hydrogen bonds. In DNA adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) while
guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C).

RNA refers to ribonucleic acid, which is a single stranded molecule. RNA is

of three types namely:
mRNA - messenger RNA
rRNA - ribosomal RNA
tRNA - transfer RNA

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1
DNA Replication

Direction: A. Matching type: Match the description on Column A with the term in
Column B.
Column A Column B
_____1. Enzymes that separate the two original A. DNA helicase
DNA strands
_____2. Grows until it meets the adjacent fragment B. DNA ligase

_____3. It is a replicated strand of DNA which grows C. leading strand

continuously without any gap
_____4. Keep the strands of DNA separate during D. Okazaki fragment
replication
_____5. Links together adjacent Okazaki fragments E. Semi-conservative
replication
_____6. Parental strands separate and serve as templates F. Single-stranded
binding proteins
for new strands of DNA

Activity I-B Label the diagram showing the DNA replication. Use the choices.

DNA ligase
DNA polymerase
Helicase
Okazaki fragments Parental DNA
 5.

3. 4.
1.
2.

Figure3: DNA Replication Process

https://bit.ly/2IYKm89
Activity 2

Structure of DNA & RNA

Direction: Fill up the table: Compare DNA with RNA refer to figure below.

Basis of Comparison DNA RNA

1. Number of strand
2. Location in the cell
3. Type of sugar
4. Nitrogenous Bases
 WRAP-UP

Direction: I. Arrange the following pictures that shows the different stages of DNA
replication in sequence. Label it from numbers 1 to 7.

____ ____ ____ ____

____ ____ ____

Figure4: Events of DNA Replication

https://bit.ly/3e2LZNO

Directions: II-A. Study and analyze the diagram of DNA and RNA refer to Figure 2.
Answer the following questions.
1. What are the components of the DNA and RNA?
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the structural difference between DNA and RNA?
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. What nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?
________________________________________________________________________________

II-B. Label the diagram showing the DNA replication. Use the choices.

DNA ligase leading strand DNA polymerase

Okazaki fragments parental DNA
 Figure5: Steps in DNA Replication

https://bit.ly/31Fs8PP

VALUING

How essential is DNA replication to be followed in sequential pattern? What

happens if something goes wrong in DNA replication?

Persimmon Strawberries

Apple
Celery
Lemon Broccoli

Figure6: Food-aids for DNA repair

https://bit.ly/2Hoz6BS
The image above shows different foods/fruits.
Are they included in your dietary meal?
What similarities do they contain to be an agent of help to boost DNA repair?
 POSTTEST

Direction: Read each question carefully. Then, choose the letter of the correct
answer.
1.Which among the following statements best describes DNA replication?
a. DNA replication is not valuable to human being.
b. DNA replication creates a “Y” shape called replication fork.
c. DNA replication set as a template for making the new strand of DNA.
d. DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself
during cell division.
2.Which of the following enzymes is responsible for joining new strand of DNA?
a. amylase c. DNA polymerase
b. DNA ligase d. helicase
3.The following is the base sequence on one strand of a DNA molecule:
TCG TCC GTC TAG
If the strand is replicate, which of the following is the complementary strand
that is produced?
a. AGC AGG CAG ATC c. TTA CGG TCA CGA
b. TCG TCC GTC TAG d. UCG UCC UCU AGA
4.Which of the following components of nucleotides are found in DNA that contains
a five-carbon sugar?
a. deoxyribose c. phosphate
b. guanine d. ribose
5.Which of the following statements BEST describes the importance of DNA
replication?
a. DNA replication prevents the occurrence of mutation.
b. DNA replication protects the organisms from having diseases.
c. DNA replication ensures the adaptation of organisms to its environment.
d. DNA replication ensures that all dividing cells will have a complete set of
DNA.
 WRAP – UP:
POSTTEST:
1. D 2. B 3. A
4. A 5. D
VALUING:
"Folate is a B vitamin found
in green and leafy
vegetables; vitamin C found
in citrus fruits”. It is needed
in the body to make
and repair DNA.
Basis of DNA RNA
Comparison
1. Number of strand Double stranded Single stranded
2. Location in the Nucleus Nucleus &
cell cytoplasm
3. Type of sugar deoxyribose Ribose sugar
4. Nitrogenous A, T, G, C A, U, C, G
Bases
ACTIVITIES:
A.
1. A 2. D 3. C 4. F 5. B RECAP
6. E 1.double strand, single Pretest
B. strand 1.d
1. Parental DNA 2.nucleus,cytoplasm 2.d
2. DNA ligase 3.deoxyribose,ribose 3.c
3. DNA polymerase 4.thymine,adenine,cytosine 4.a
4. Okazaki fragment ,guanine,uracil for rna 5.d
5. Helicase
KEY TO CORRECTION
 References
a. Internet website (Article)
How DNA Replication takes place. Accessed as of June 20, 2020
https://go.nature.com/3opRFWQ

b. Internet sources (Photos)

Photo of DNA Replication. Accessed as of June 23, 2020
https://bit.ly/34tw5Jb

Photo of DNA Replication. Accessed as of June 20, 2020

https://bit.ly/2TofLDe

Photo of DNA Replication Process. Accessed as of June 20, 2020

https://bit.ly/2IYKm89

Photo of Events during Replication. Accessed as of June 20, 2020

https://bit.ly/3e2LZNO

Photo of Steps of Replication. Accessed as of June 20, 2020

https://bit.ly/31Fs8PP

Photo of Food-aids for DNA Repair. Accessed as of June 20, 2020

https://bit.ly/2Hoz6BS