Minimum and Maximum reinforcement areas

For a flanged beam where web is intension, the minimum percentage of reinforcement is given as;

, therefore

Position Required Provided percentage of Spacing between bars

reinforcement, reinforcement

Outer 0 0 0
Support
Near . 4.0 , therefore S=
Centre of Provide ok = 79mm
end 3Y25=1472.62 , therefore ok
Span

First . Provide 4.0 , therefore S=

internal 4Y25=1963.5 ok = 79mm
support , therefore ok

Centre of . 4.0 , therefore S=

interior Provide ok = 79mm
span 3Y25=1472.62 , therefore ok

Activity 3.7
Continue designing the beam discussed in Activity 3.6 for shear

Given:

Refer the given parameter in Activity 3.6.

Design:

Maximum shear force and stress at the face of support

Shear force and stress at critical section

Considering a distance d from the face of the support;

RCD3700 STUDY GUIDE

UNISA 3-30 ENGINEERING
 Position Shear Maximum Maximum Shear stress at Shear at Shear
(kN) Shear force at support, critical stress at
face of section critical
support, section
(kN)

(MPa)
Outer 0.45F= 220.87 , therefore 164.6 1.32
Support 232.77 ok
First 0.6F 298.46 , therefore 242.19 1.96
internal =310.36 ok
support

NOTE: F is the total ultimate load which is 517.26kN

Design shear reinforcement

Nominal shear reinforcement

For two legs of a Y8 link

Maximum spacing is 408 mm

Therefore, take spacing, of 400 mm

Shear resistance of concrete

Where,
Partial material safety factor = 1.4
Characteristics concrete cube strength = 35

Area of effectively anchored tension reinforcement

RCD3700 STUDY GUIDE

UNISA 3-31 ENGINEERING
 Shear resistance of nominal shear reinforcement

0.43MPa

Concrete and shear reinforcement resistance

refer the calculation in the table below

Position Provided , Concrete =

reinforcement, In MPa and shear In kN
reinforcement
resistance
In MPa
Outer 0 0 0 0 0
Support
Near 0.587 1.017 127.25
Centre ok
of end
Span
First 1963.5 0.650 1.08 133.14
internal ok
support
Centre 1 0.587 1.017 127.25
of ok
interior
span

Shear reinforcement

First check if shear resistance of concrete, is less than the shear stress at critical section,
. Provide shear reinforcement if .

Shear reinforcement

Two legs of stirrup is considered to calculate the area, Spacing of the stirrup is
calculated as follows;

RCD3700 STUDY GUIDE

UNISA 3-32 ENGINEERING
Position Shear stress Shear Check, if Shear reinf. Spacing Spacing Provided
at critical resistance shear of reinf. provided shear
section, of reinf. Is reinf.
concrete, required

Outer 1.32 0.587 Required 0.430 234.88 200 0.505

Support
First 1.96 0.650 Required 0.769 131.34 100 1.01
internal
support

Check span-effective depth ratio

For both ends continuous, i.e., for all interior span 22.4

For one end continuous, i.e., for end span 19.2

Service stress

Modification factor for tension reinforcement

Modification factor for compression reinforcement is not required, since no compression

reinforcement is provided. Therefore, take a value of 1.

Position Required and Moment Service Modification Modification

provided (kN.m) stress factor for factor for
reinforcement, at mid tension Compression
span reinforcement reinforcement

Near Required = 248.63 0.99 1

Centre of
235.12
end Span provided1472.62
Centre of Required = 240.56 1.1 1
interior 1206.5 provided
184.74
span 1472.62

RCD3700 STUDY GUIDE

UNISA 3-33 ENGINEERING
 Position

Near Centre of end 19.2 19.07

Span 9.11 OK

Centre of interior 22.4 24.7 9.11 OK

span

Activity 3.8
Find the ultimate capacity of the following beam where the neutral axis is assumed to fall in the
flange.

Given:

Characteristic material strength

Characteristic concrete cube strength, 30 MPa
Yield strength of steel in tension, 450 MPa
Geometry
Beam dimension
Height of flange, 180 mm
Width of flange, 900 mm

Reinforcement
Reinforcement depth, d 382.5 mm
1600
Initial assumption:
Reinforcement yield when the ultimate moment is applied,
Neutral axis falls within the flange

Design:

Finding moment capacity from stress strain relationship:

RCD3700 STUDY GUIDE

UNISA 3-34 ENGINEERING