Complete TOPIK Grammar List – Beginner Level with Explanations (한국어능력시험 초급 어휘-문법 영역의 기출 문법 리스트) _ TOPIK GUIDE - The Complete Guide to TOPIK Test

1/25/24, 9:19 PM Complete TOPIK Grammar List – Beginner Level with Explanations (한국어능력시험 초급 어휘-문법 영역의 기출 문법 리스트…
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Complete TOPIK Grammar List – Beginner Level –

with Explanations
July 19, 2012
Dr. Satish Satyarthi
It’s really great to let you know that a TOPIK GUIDE reader and Facebook friend of
mine Katerina Vezhnovets from Belarus has added the English explanations to all the
grammar patterns in the list ‘Complete TOPIK Grammar List – Beginner Level (한국어
능력시험 초급 기출 문법 리스트)‘ and sent it to me. She has been kind enough to
allow me to put this list on TOPIK GUIDE for other readers. I, on the behalf of all the
Privacy - Terms
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readers of TOPIK GUIDE, want to convey sincere thanks

to Katerina and wish her all the best in all her
future endeavors.
You too can help TOPIK GUIDE by compiling a similar

Grammar or Vocabulary list for Intermediate and
Advanced levels and send it to TOPIK GUIDE. It does
not have to be a perfect list. Even small and simple
Katerina Vezhnovets
contributions from all of us will make this website
richer. *If you find any mistakes/error/typos in the list,
please let me know in the comment section.
TYPE 1. 아/어/여~ 계
아/어/여 드리다 offer to do something for 아/어/여야겠다

someone else
아/어/여 보다 is used to convey 아/어/여요 the informal polite speech
meanings such as style
‘someone tries doing
something ( to see how it
will turn out) or ‘someone
does something to see
(how it will turn out).’
아/어/여 보이다 conveys meanings such 아/어/여지다
as likeness, resemblance,
or similarity. when
attached directly to the
stems of adjectives.
The past tense form of
this pattern is ‘-아/어/여
보였다.’
아/어/여 주다 expresses the speaker’s 았/었/였 is used to indicate an
request for something action which took place in
the past or a condition
which used to exist.
아/어/여도 `-도’ is used to express 았/었/였겠다

‘even if, even though’
아/어/여도 되다 if `-도’ is used with the 았/었/였으면 좋 is used to express the
word ‘좋다, 괜찮다, 되다 겠다 speaker’s hope or desire.
`, this pattern is used to Even though the past
ask for and giving tense -았/었/였- is used,
permission. For the this pattern does not
negative answer to a refer to the past. So,
request for permission, even when this pattern is
you have to use the used without the past
pattern ‘-(으)면 안 되다.’ tense like ‘-(으)면 좋겠
May do’ 다’, there is no difference
in meaning.
아/어/여서1 is used to indicate cause 이/가 아니다 the negative of ‘-이다‘
or reason; mostly used
with adjectives and ‘가
다'(to go), ‘오다'(to
come), ‘없다'(don’t have)
etc. in declarative and
interrogative sentences;
cannot be used in
imperative and
propositive sentence,
where another
connective ‘-(으)니까’ is
used
아/어/여서2 is used when the subject 이에요/예요 The informal polite form
performs one action and of ‘-입니다’
then a second one; it is
attached to the first verb
and is then followed by a
second verb
아/어/여야 되 is used to express
다/하다 obligation or necessity;
tense is expressed in the
verb ‘하다’. ‘Must, have
to’
TYPE 2. -(으)~ 계
-(으)ㄴ 지 (시 this pattern ‘Verb + -(으)ㄴ -(으)ㄴ 적이 indicate one’s past

간) 되다 지 + time word + 되다’ is 있다 experiences. The literal
used to express an interval meaning is ‘the experience
of time which extends from of having done something’
a definite past to the exists ( or don’t exist )
present. The case marker ‘-
가` or ‘-는’ can be attached
optionally after ‘지’
-(으)ㄴ/는/을 is used in the present tense -(으)ㄴ/는지
것 같다 with adjectives or ‘이다’ to 알다
express the speaker’s
thought or opinion, in the
future tense – to indicate
the speaker’s stronger
conjecture or presumption.
With general verbs, the
pattern ‘-는 것 같다’ is used
in the present tense, ‘(으)
ㄴin the past tense, and
(으)ㄹ in the future tense;
tense is expressed in the
final verb ‘같다’
-(으)ㄴ후에 means ‘after having done -(으)ㄴ/는데 is used to introduce a
smth’; used with the action certain fact,occurrence, or
verbs. The tense is event. The form `–ㄴ(은)데‘
expresses in the main is used for the adjectives
(final) verb and ‘–이다` in the present
tense. The form ‘–는데` is
used for all other cases.
-(으)ㄹ 거예 The informal ending of the -(으)니까 Indicates reason and cause;
요 future tense ‘-(으)ㄹ 겁니 if the main clause is an
다‘; with a 3rd person imperative or propositive,
subject it expresses a only the connective ‘-니
supposition or presumption, 까‘ can be used in the
with a 1st person subject – dependent clause. In this

the speaker’s plan or case, ‘–아(어/여)서‘ cannot
intention be used
-(으)ㄹ 수 없 is used with verbs and -(으)ㄹ 때 ‘While’; when the two
다/있다 indicates ability, capability, actions happen at the same
possibility or permission time, past tense is not
expressed with this pattern.
But if the action of the `-ㄹ
때’ clause happened before
the action of the next
clause, past tense should be
expressed in the `-ㄹ때’
clause; is used with all verbs
and adjectives but `이다’
can be used only in the past
tense
-(으)ㄹ 줄 알 -(으)ㄹ 줄 알 is used to express the
았다 다/모르 다 knowledge or lack of
knowledge of a technique or
process of doing something
-(으)ㄹ까 하 Means ‘I think I will (do -(으)ㄹ게요 the speaker’s intention or
다 smth)…’ plan or promise. It is used
with action verbs as well as
with the verb 있다, but not
with adjectives.
-(으)ㄹ래요 -(으)ㄹ까요? is used to express inquiring
about someone’s opinion,
view or appraisal on a
certain matter or fact with
the action verb.
-(으)러 is used to express the -(으)려고 used to indicate the purpose
purpose of the subject’s of the speaker (subject)’s
action and is followed by action; can be followed by
either ‘가다'(to go), ‘오 any verbs; it is used in the
다'(to come) or their present and past tense of
compounds, or any verb the main verb (final verb),
which indicates movement, but is never used with the
future tense. Tense and
such as ‘다니다'(to go and negation are expressed in

come regularly) the main verb (final verb).
-(으)려고 하 -(으)려고 하 is used with verbs(including
는데요 다 `있다’); this pattern is used
to indicate a subject’s
intention; restricted to first
and second personal
pronouns
-(으)려면 -(으)면 can be used with any verb
or adjective and indicates
condition and/or stipulation;
in Korean the dependent
clause precedes the main
clause. Sometimes, the
word `만일/만약’ is used at
the beginning of a
conditional clause
-(으)면 되다 -(으)면 안 되
다
-(으)면 좋다 -(으)면서 is used to express two
simultaneous actions done
by the same person. It
attaches to the verb
directly; someone does
something while he is doing
something else (at the same
time)
-(으)ㅂ시다 to expressing the subject’s -(으)세요 implies respect of the
suggestion with the action speaker for the subject of
verbs and the verb of the sentence, means ‘Please
existence ‘있다’. It cannot do something’ when
be used with ‘이다’ nor referring to the second
with adjectives. In plain person
speech style(반말) you can
use the form ‘-자’ instead
of ‘-아/어/여’
-(으)시- the honorific form -(으)십시오 imperative verb form
TYPE 3. 자음 시작~ 계
(명사)+ 때문 ‘because of, owing to, as a (명사)+ 말

에 result of, in consequence 고
of’
-거나 [열거] and; or; [양보] -게 Polite form of ’에게’
(even) though [if]; no
matter how (what／when
／where／who); whatever
-게 되다 is used to express the idea -겠- pre-ending -겠- is used for
that the situation has been expressing the speaker’s
arranged by certain conjecture or supposition or
environmental facts or for asking intention of the
conditions. It is used with person spoken to in a polite
verbs and ‘있다’; ‘(it) turns request.
out (that), It is arranged
that -, (the situation)
makes something to be’
-고 싶다 is used to indicate the -고 있다 is used to indicate a kind of
desire of the subject and is process or continuing action;
used with action verbs and ‘Is doing’; this pattern can
‘있다.’ have two different meanings
when used with verbs dealing
with items of clothing : 입다,
쓰다, 신다; it is often used to
express an action which
started in the past and is still
going on
-군요 is used to express surprise, -기 때문에 is used to express cause and
delight, or wonder with an reason; ’so, therefore,
exclamation mark; because’
adjectives and ‘-이다’ take
the ‘-군요!’ form, other
verbs take the ‘-는군요!’
form. In past tense, verbs
also take the ‘-군요’ form.
-기 쉽다 -기 위해서 Is used in complex sentences

and indicates the action in the
second sentence that is the
reason for achieving the
object of the first sentence
-기도 하다 -네요
-기로 하다 is used to indicate one’s 는/(으) the ending `-는’ is attached to
decision; the verb `-하 ㄴ/(으) ㄹ the verb directly and is used in
다‘ can be replaced by the (명사) the present tense; the ending
verb `약속하다, 결정하다, `-(으)ㄴ’ is used in the past
결심하다, 작정하다’… ‘-지 tense; The forms ‘예쁜, 좋은,
않기로 하다’ means ‘to 아름다운, 바쁜, 아픈‘ are the
decide not to do’; ‘-기로 하 present inflected forms of the
지 않다’ means ‘do not infinitives’; `-(으)ㄹ’ is used in
decide to do’ the future tense
-는 중이다 습니다 formal polite speech style
-ㅂ/습니까? Formal style question final – 지 마세 ‘stop doing’
ending 요
– / ㅂ지 -지 맙시다 Forms a negative suggestion
-지 말아요 the pattern ‘-지 말다` -지만 is used to join two sentences
preceded by an action verb which are in contrast with
expresses prohibition or each other. ‘But’
dissuasion. This pattern is
always used as a negative
imperative sentence or a
negative propositive
sentence.
-지 않다 ‘long type negation’; -지요 is used if you want to seek
directly followes by verbs the listener’s agreement or to
or adjectives; ‘not, no’ ascertain what listener means
TYPE 4. 조사
이/가 indicates that the preceding noun 에서, ‘at’ or ‘in’ indicating the place
phrase is the subject of the where an action takes place;
sentence. ‘-가’ is used after a word ‘from’, indicating a starting point or
cause.
which ends with a vowel, while `-

이’ is used after a consonant
까지, expresses the finishing point of the 와/과, ‘and, with, along (together) with’
action
께, to (by/for) a person; about; (으)로, Indicates a choice, shows
around; toward (a time); in the direction, means, status, cause
vicinity (neighborhood) of; near (a
place)
께서, From (a person) 을/를, is attached to a Noun to indicate
the direct object of a transitive
verb
은/는, indicates the comparison of topics. 의, is preceded by a noun and
If there is no connotation of indicates possession, relationship,
comparison with another subject, origin or status location
this marker cannot be used.
도, means ‘also’ or ‘too’. This can (으)로, Indicates a choice, shows
replace the subjective marker ‘-가/ direction, means, status, cause
이’, and the objective marker ‘-을/
를`
마다, ‘each; every; all’ 만 ‘only’; can be attached to almost
any word in the sentence
만큼, ‘because (of); since; as; for’ (이)나, [그러나] but; (and) yet; [한편]
while; meanwhile; […하기는 하나]
though; although; nevertheless;
however; still.
밖에, ‘outside, in the open air + besides’ (이)나 [정도·비교] as many [much] as;
2, no less [fewer] than; as long as;
nearly; about.; [선택] either… or;
or; any.
보다, (more than) is attached to a 처럼, like; as; as… as; <not> so… as; as
standard of comparison (which is if
usually the second noun) when
both items of comparison are
mentioned. It is often accompanied
by ‘-더’ which means ‘more’; when
the standard of comparison is
omitted, ‘더'(‘more) is used
부터, means ‘from’, the starting point of 하고, means ‘and’; connects words on
an action an equal basis
에, indicates a destination and that 한테 is used for indicating the receiver
someone or something is of an action; the marker ‘-한테서’
stationary in a place. It is attached is used for indicating the source or
to nouns, and followed by ‘있다'(to starting point of an action.
be) and ‘없다'(not to be)..
meanings: “to, in, at”.
에게, It’s a dative marker which attaches
to animate nouns; is often used as
‘한테’ in spoken language
TYPE 5.접사
들, Plural form of the noun -쯤, means ‘around…o’clock’

– 씩, is used to indicate distribution and 동안(명 ‘(a space of) time; a period; in,
is attached to numbers and any 사) for, during, as (so) long as’
counting classifier; ‘each,
respectively’
TYPE 6. 부정 부사
못, is used with action verbs, and means 안 expresses the negative and means ‘do
impossibility or strong denial and not’. ‘안’ is put before the verb.
refusal.
I hope this list help you with your TOPIK preparation. Feel Free to ask If you need
help with any of these grammar patterns. All the Best from TOPIK GUIDE!
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Dr. Satish Satyarthi
Satish is the Founder and CEO of TOPIK GUIDE. He is passionate about languages. He created TOPIK GUIDE
website to help Korean language learners learn Korean effectively, succeed in TOPIK test and achieve their
goals. He has a PhD in Korean language. His research area has been 'Teaching Korean as a Foreign Language
(외국어로서의 한국어교육)'. He is a Seoul National University (GKS) alumni. He has been active in Korean
language teaching and research for more than 10 years.We are a team of passionate researchers from
Seoul National University specializing in Korean language and linguistics. We are committed to
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Complete TOPIK Grammar List – Beginner Level with Explanations (한국어능력시험 초급 어휘-문법 영역의 기출 문법 리스트) _ TOPIK GUIDE - The Complete Guide to TOPIK Test

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Complete TOPIK Grammar List – Beginner Level with Explanations (한국어능력시험 초급 어휘-문법 영역의 기출 문법 리스트) _ TOPIK GUIDE - The Complete Guide to TOPIK Test

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1/25/24, 9:19 PM Complete TOPIK Grammar List – Beginner Level with Explanations (한국어능력시험 초급 어휘-문법 영역의 기출 문법 리스트…

The Only Guide You Need to Pass TOPIK Test

Best Self-Study Material to Prepare for TOPIK Test

Complete TOPIK Grammar List – Beginner Level –

readers of TOPIK GUIDE, want to convey sincere thanks

You too can help TOPIK GUIDE by compiling a similar

아/어/여 드리다 offer to do something for 아/어/여야겠다

아/어/여도 `-도’ is used to express 았/었/였겠다

-(으)ㄴ 지 (시 this pattern ‘Verb + -(으)ㄴ -(으)ㄴ 적이 indicate one’s past

with a 1st person subject – dependent clause. In this

such as ‘다니다'(to go and negation are expressed in

(명사)+ 때문 ‘because of, owing to, as a (명사)+ 말

-기 쉽다 -기 위해서 Is used in complex sentences

which ends with a vowel, while `-

들, Plural form of the noun -쯤, means ‘around…o’clock’

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