Levels of life

on Earth
Does a community
consist of several
different populations,
or is it the other way
around?

What are the six

characteristics of life?
What is the smallest
unit of life to show all
six characteristics?
Review atomic number & atomic weight
You should be able to calculate the atomic number, atomic
weight, and whether the element is an isotope

If an atom has
11 protons &
11 neutrons,
what is its
atomic number?
What is its
atomic weight?
Review chemical bonds
Name the type of bond that forms when….
Two atoms share electrons
One atom gives an electron to another atom
Two atoms share electrons equally
Two atoms share electrons unequally

Which type of bond is the strongest?

The polar nature of water means that
water forms hydrogen bonds

In liquid water, hydrogen bonds constantly break and re-form, so some

water molecules are close together and others are further apart.
In frozen water, hydrogen bonds stabilize when ice crystals form, so all
the water molecules are held further apart
Name the molecule!

Is it solid, liquid or vapor?

A. B. C.

Why does ice float on top of liquid water instead of sinking?

Hydrogen bonding

Why are water molecules polar?

What kind of macromolecule is it?

Which one will be a liquid at room

temperature?
Which one is “saturated” and which
one is “unsaturated”?
Phospholipid molecule

Be able to draw and describe the

two main parts of this molecule.
How do phospholipids form cell membranes?
What other types of molecules are involved?
Cell membranes are “selectively permeable.”
What does that mean?
Passive transport: diffusion & osmosis
Difference between active and passive
transport across a cell membrane

Be able to describe the difference between passive and active transport.

How does the concentration gradient of a substance

affect the movement of the substance?
The four major macromolecules
What are their monomers? Give an example of each type of
macromolecule, and an example of how each type of
macromolecule functions in the human body.
CARBOHYDRATES LIPIDS

Cholesterol is a lipid that circulates in the

Glucose is a sugar (a simple carbohydrate) that
bloodstream and Is as an ingredient in steroid
acts as an energy source for all living cells.
hormones.

PROTEINS NUCLEIC ACIDS

Keratin is a structural protein found in hair, RNA is a nucleic acid that takes information from
nails, and skin. DNA to other parts of the cell.
Prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes
Which cell type appeared first in the history of life on Earth?
Give an example of a
prokaryotic organism and
a eukaryotic organism.

What are some key differences between

prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Emergent properties
You can’t live in a brick, but you can build a house out of
bricks. Despite being made entirely of bricks, a house has
properties that bricks don’t have.

How is this similar to

biological organisms?
Give an example of
emergent properties
of life forms.
Be able to answer these questions:
What are the six conditions that characterize living things?
Which of these conditions do viruses have? Why is a virus
not considered to be alive?

What is an “organic” compound? What feature of a carbon

atom makes it the key atom in forming organic structures?

The bonds within a water molecule (bonding the oxygen

atom to two hydrogen atoms) are _____ ________ bonds;
the bonds between water molecules (attracting water
molecules to other water molecules) are ________ bonds.

The shape of a protein determines its function. What

determines its shape?
Sickle-cell anemia is the result of a single base
pair substitution.
Be able to answer these questions:
Give 3 examples of organelles that are found in both plant
and animal cells.

Give 2 examples of organelles found only in plant cells.

Describe the functions of the 5 organelles you listed above.

What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?

Describe the physical structure of an atom. What are the

three subatomic particles, where are they located, and
what are their charges?

What is the key concept that unifies all aspects of biology?