EEE1046 Tutorial 3 2022/2023

Question 1:

(a):
(i) Series Voltage Regulator

Given VBE = 0.7V

We know the output voltage (V0) is,
V0 = VZ –VBE
VZ = V0 + VBE
= 9.0V + 0.7 V
VZ = 9.7 V
The maximum base current,
IB (max) = IL (max) / hFE [We Know, IL = IB x hFE]
= 500 mA / 25
IB (max) = 20 mA.
When the base current is at its maximum, the Zener current is at its minimum, and it must
be at least equal to Zener Knee current (IZK) = 10mA.
Hence,
IR = IZK + IB (max)
= 10 mA + 20 mA
IR = 30mA.
As the load current is at its maximum (full load), the supply voltage is VS (min) = 12V
We Know,
R = (VS (min) – VZ) / IR
= (12 – 9.7) / 0.03

ZY: Aug 2023

EEE1046 Tutorial 3 2022/2023

R = 76.7Ω
(a) (ii) Power dissipation of the pass transistor:
The Power dissipation (PD) of the pass transistor is,
We know,
PD = VCE x IC
= (VS – V0) x IL
= (12 – 9) x 0.5
PD = 1.5 W.
(b)
The load voltage (VL) is calculated using by the following equation:
VL = VZ + VBE …………………. (1)
Where,
VZ = Zener voltage, and VBE = Transistor base-emitter voltage.
VL = VZ + VBE
= 8.2 V + 0.7 V
VL = 8.9 V.
For the given load,
IL = VL / RL = 8.9 V / 100 Ω
IL= 89mA
With the unregulated input voltage at 22V, the current through R S is
IS = Vi – VL / RS
= 22 V – 8.9 V / 120
IS = 109mA.
So, the collector current is
I C = Is – IL
= 109 mA – 89MA
IC = 20mA.
(The current through the Zener and the transistor base-emitter is smaller than
IC by the transistor beta).

ZY: Aug 2023

EEE1046 Tutorial 3 2022/2023

Question 2:
(a)(i)
The Zener voltage is given by:

V Z =V R2=
( R2
V
)
R1 + R2 O

V Z =V R2= (90k
35k +90k )
10=7.2V

(ii)

V R=20V−7.2V=12.8V I Z =12mA= I R

V R 12.8 V
R= = =1.06 k Ω
I R 12 mA
(iii)
I C 1=I E 1 = I L + I R 1

V O 10 V
I L= = =10 mA
RL 1 k Ω
VO 10 V
I R 1= = =0.08 mA
R R 1+ RR 2 35 k Ω+90 kΩ
I C 1=I E 1 = I L + I R 1=10.08 mA

I C1 10.08 mA
I B 1= = =0.0672 mA=67.2 μ A
β 150
(iv)

For R L=500 Ω
V O 10 V
I L= = =20 mA
RL 500 Ω
I C 1=I E 1 = I L + I R 1=20.08 mA

V CE 1=20 V −10 V =10 V

P D=I C 1 V CE 1=20.08 mA ×10 V =0.2008 W

Question 3:

ZY: Aug 2023

EEE1046 Tutorial 3 2022/2023

(a)(i)

[3 marks]
(ii)

[3 marks]
(iii)

(iv)

ZY: Aug 2023

EEE1046 Tutorial 3 2022/2023

Question 4:

(a): (i) Shunt regulator:

From the Figure Q3 (a) we have,
IS = IB + IC + IL ---------------------- (3)
So,
IB = IZK = 1 mA
IC = hFE x IB = 100 x 1 = 100 mA
We have,
IS = IB + IC + IL
= 1 + 100 + 10
= 111 mA
IS = 0.111 A.
Input Power (Pin) is,
Pin = VS x IS ---------------------------------------- (4)
= 20 V x 0.111A
Pin = 2.22 W
Hence,
Efficiency = (Pout / Pin ) x 100% -------------------------- (5)
= (0.1 / 2.22) x 100

Efficiency = 4.5%

ZY: Aug 2023

EEE1046 Tutorial 3 2022/2023

(a) (ii) Series Regulator:

From the Figure Q3 (b) we have,

IS = IR + IC ------------------------------------ (3)
So,
IB ≈ IL / hFE
= 10 / 100
= 0.1 mA
IR = IB + IZ
= 0.1 + 1
= 1.1 mA
We have,
IS = IR + IC
= 1.1 + 10 [IL ≈ IC]
= 10.1 mA.
Input Power (Pin) is,
Pin = VS x IS ------------------------------------- (4)
= 20 x 10.1m
Pin = 0.202W
Hence,
Efficiency = (Pout / Pin ) x 100% -------------------- (5)
= (0.1 / 0.202) x 100%

Efficiency = 49.5%

ZY: Aug 2023