Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg

Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

H
CLRLFPÁL_ L _
_IBRG BEGFG_
AWGBHG_
oiagftlreis oráteois
l hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál
Aibehelrel
 HL_ CLRLFPÁL_ _IBRG BEGFG_ AWGBHG_.
OIAGFPLREI_ ORÁPEOI_ L HL HGU @G HL CLRLFPÁL AIBEHELREL
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg
Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

HL_
CLRLFPÁL_
_IBRG BEGFG_
AWGBHG_
oiagftlreis oráteois
l hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftá
Clrlftáll
Aibehelrel
 
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HL_ CLRLFPÁL_ _IBRG

BEGFG_ AWGBHG_.
OIAGFPLREI_ ORÁPEOI_ L
HL HGU @G HL CLRLFPÁL AIBEHELREL

^REAGRL G@EOEßF
KWFEI 2><7
7,>3> gkgaphlrgs

© Alrei Olsteh
Olsteh hi Jrgyrg
© Kmi gh Omeplfl Oltlhìf
Oltlhìf
© Clogtl Kurá`eol _.L.

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L  72: - A
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G-aleh; vgftlsclogtlkure`eol.oia.pg

aprgsi gf; aprgftl G`etirelh Gh ûmi G..R.H.

_lf Lhbgrti 2>< - _urquehhi
Heal ?0 - ^grû
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 ^LHLBRL_ HEAEFLRG_
^råstlais prgf`lreis. Kÿvgfgs lmirl sg gf`gu`lf `gklf`i gf clrlf-
tál sus kiyls tgofihÿceols; hlptips y tlbhgtls. stg jug ufi `g his tetuhlrgs
pubheol`is pir uf eapirtlftg
eapirtlftg `elrei hiolh
hiolh(<), qug rggkl hl rglhe`l` gf altg-
rel `g clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs gf gh ^grû.  sg trltl `g uf tgal qug
fi sÿhi fis augstrl ufl rglhe`l` sioeigoifÿaeol, sefi oiai vgrgais
pisgg eapirtlftg oiftgfe`i kurá`eoi.
kurá`eoi.
@eomi efjirag sglhl oif oejrls y gstu`eis gstl`ásteois qug, mlstl io-
tubrg `gh li 2><0, gh agrol`i rgcuhl`i `g orå`etis pecfirlteoeis tuvi uf
orgoeaegfti `gh 2  y his slh`is `g gstis pråstlais lholfzlrif his _/. <52
aehhifgs.  fi sÿhi ghhi, sefi qug plrl gh li 2><7 sg gspgrl qug his prås-
tlais pecfirlteoeis orgzolf 7  pir hl alyir oiapgtgfoel, hls priaioei-
fgs y gh alyir fûagri `g lcgfoels qug trlblklf gf gstg rubri.
Gf gjgoti, sg trltl `g orå`etis pecfirlteoeis, qug fi gs itrl oisl qug
orå`etis qug tegfgf oiai clrlftál l hl prgf`l, qug se begf gs oegrti yl fi
gxestg oiai `grgomi rglh gf fugstri ir`gflaegfti kurá`eoi (`gbe`i l qug
jug `gricl`i pir hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel gf gh li 2>>:), sá gxes-
tg y,
y, oiai sg ibsgrvl, gs auy utehezl`i oiai oiftrlti.
Gftifogs, hl prgcuftl qug surcg gs ¹pir quå sg ml `gricl`i ufl curl
qug, oiai vgais, tegfg phgfl vecgfoel gf hl lotulhe`l`9 Gs `goer, ¹pir quå
fi sg iptÿ pir agkirlr hl rgcuhloeÿf qug sibrg hl altgrel gxestál gf fugstri
Oÿ`eci Oeveh, pitgfoeìf`ihl g efoirpirìf`ihg prgogptis qug rgcuhgf his
vloáis y `goegfoels qug gstl pisgál, gf huclr `g eaphlftlr uf fugvi sestg-
al `g clrlftáls aibehelrels, sef prgog`gftgs gf fugstri plás, y qug fi tuvi
gf ougftl gf su oifogpoeÿf oifse`grloeifgs tåofeols fe agti`ihÿceols9

(<) Fis rgjgreais lh `elrei Cgsteÿf , Heal, ?> `g `eoegabrg `g 2><0, p. 2?.

3
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Gstl y itrls eftgrriclftgs sgrìf lbir`l`ls gf gh prgsgftg trlblki, pgri

lftgs `g ghhi ag plrgog eapirtlftg oiagftlr oÿai ml se`i gh priogsi `g
ghlbirloeÿf `g gstg hebri.
Gf vgrlfi `gh li 2><0, jue efvetl`i pir gh ^rgse`gftg `g hl Lsioel-
oeÿf Lf`rås ghhi `g Kurestls rlfoi-Hltefilagreolfis, gh prijgsir Omres-
telf Hlrriuagt, y gh _gorgtlrei gfgrlh `g `eoml lsioeloeÿf, gh prijgsir
Feoihls lhlt, l `eotlr ufl oifjgrgfoel gf uf Oifcrgsi sibrg Hl gvihu-
oeÿf `g hls clrlftáls augbhgs gf gh @grgomi jrlfoås y hltefilagreolfi,
gh oulh jug irclfezl`i pir hl Lsioeloeÿf Lf`rås ghhi `g Kurestls rlfoi-
Hltefilagreolfis, hl Wfevgrse`l` @egci ^irtlhgs `g Omehg y hl Wfevgrse-
tå ^lftmgif-Lssls, y qug tuvi huclr gf hl oeu`l` `g _lftelci `g Omehg his
`áls ? y 0 `g sgptegabrg `g 2><0.
^lrl hl phlfeoloeÿf `g gstg gvgfti lol`åaeoi sg utehezÿ ufl agti`i-
hicál auy eftgrgslftg, hl oulh oifsesteÿ gf qug his irclfezl`irgs gfvelrif
uf ougsteiflrei oif ufl sgreg `g prgcuftls l quegfgs plrteoeplrálf oiai
pifgftgs gf `eomi Oifcrgsi,
Oifcrgsi, `g alfgrl qug pu`egrlf
pu`egrlf rgspif`gr pir gsore-
ti l his tgals phlftgl`is. Hugci `g ghhi, his trlblkis flhgs `g ol`l pi-
fgftg jugrif gfvel`is l his itris plrteoeplftgs, `g alfgrl qug ol`l pifgf-
tg tgf`rál efjiraloeÿf `g preagrl alfi sibrg oÿai mlbál gvihuoeifl`i
y ouìh grl gh trltlaegfti `g hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs gf gh @grg-
omi jrlfoås y gf `evgrsis plásgs `g Laåreol (gftrg ghhis, Aåxeoi, Oihia-
bel, Omehg, Lrcgftefl y ^grû).
ialf`i oifoegfoel `g hl eapirtlfoel `gh tgal y tgfegf`i gf ougf-
tl qug yl mlbál pubheol`i mlog ufis lis uf trlblki tetuhl`i Lfìh eses `g
hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aib
e helrel (gf gh qug oihlbirÿ hl brehhlftg lbicl`l,
laecl y oiaplgrl `g trlblki gf gh Gstu`ei, grÿfeol Risls grlstlef),
ag pusg l trlblklr `g efag`elti gf gh ougsteiflrei qug, pir oegrti, grl ufi
auy hicrl`i, `gbe`i l qug phlftglbl ougsteifgs fivg`isls, lotulhgs y `g
suai eftgrås sibrg hl altgrel.
ue oifstltlf`i qug gh tgal grl auy reoi gf tåraefis tgÿreois y prìo-
teois, `g alfgrl qug uf `ál oifvgrså oif Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf (lbicl`i
qug trlblkl gf ae Gstu`ei mlog aìs `g iomi lis, y quegf tegfg `gs`g qug
hi oifioá ufl cgfuefl plseÿf pir gh @grgomi Oeveh y hl efvgstecloeÿf),

=
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

quegf lpirtÿ e`gls auy vlheisls gf tirfi lh ougsteiflrei qug yi `gbál

rgspif`gr.
Lsá, hugci `g uf plr `g agsgs gfveå l his irclfezl`irgs `gh Oifcrgsi
uf trlblki `g lhrg`g`ir `g oegf pìcefls.
Hlagftlbhgagftg, pir aitevis pgrsiflhgs fi pu`g lsester l _lftelci
`g Omehg l prifufoelr ae oifjgrgfoel, pgri hugci `g gfvelr gh trlblki flh
oiftefuå rgufeåf`iag oif Kmigh Omeplfl plrl trltlr logrol `g ufl sgreg `g
tgals qug mlbálf qug`l`i gf gh teftgri.
_ef `lrfis ougftl, gftrg fugstris lpuftgs, oifvgrsloeifgs g ef`lcl-
oeifgs gf ufl sgreg `g hebris, `iouagftis y oetls, yl tgfálais aìs `g `is-
oegftls pìcefls gsoretls, y oulf`i tialais oifoegfoel `g ghhi gs qug `g-
oe`eais pubheolr gsg altgrelh gf uf hebri, qug gs gh qug gh hgotir tegfg miy
gftrg sus alfis.
Oiai sg pi`rì lprgoelr, åstg fi gs uf hebri qug lflhezl ûfeolagftg
plrtg `g hls `espiseoeifgs
`espiseoeifgs qug pisgg hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál
lrlftál Aibehelrel, sefi
qug vl aìs lhhì, pugs lquá sg pug`g gfoiftrlr uf gstu`ei eftri`uotirei `g
hl curl kurá`eol `g hl prgf`l y sg gfslyl ufl sgreg `g rlzifgs qug fis hhg-
vlf l sglhlr qug hl vecgftg Hgy `g clrlftál sibrg begfgs augbhgs gs `g-
jgotuisl y pioi ohlrl.
@gftri `g tlh ir`gf `g e`gls, gf gh olpátuhi , tetuhl`i Hl prgf`l; lf-
tgog`gftg mestÿreoi y firaltevi `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel, sg rglhezlrì uf
rgougfti `g hl rgcuhloeÿf qug `eoml curl tuvi gf his `esteftis Oÿ`ecis Oe-
vehgs qug recegrif gf fugstri plás (fis rgjgreais lh `g <=72, lh `g <5?: y lh
`g <5=0). Lseaesai, sg rglhezl uf lfìheses `g oÿai gs qug gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh
`g <5=0 lbir`lbl gstl curl kurá`eol mlstl lftgs `g hl vecgfoel `g hl Hgy
`g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel.
Hugci, gf gh olpátuhi  rglhezlais lhcufis oiagftlreis gf tirfi lh gs-
qugal `g clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs vecgftg gf gh ^grû y su eaploti
gf gh ir`gflaegfti kurá`eoi oeveh.
^istgreiragftg, gf gh olpátuhi  `g gstg trlblki `gslrrihhlais gf `g-
tlhhg `evgrsis lspgotis `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel sibrg begfgs oirpÿrgis.

5
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

L gstis gjgotis, lflhezlais su flturlhgzl, hl jiral gf qug sg oifstetu-

yg, gh rgcestri gf gh qug sg efsorebg, his `grgomis y ibhecloeifgs `gh oifste-
tuygftg y `gh gvgftulh l`quergftg i `gpisetlrei, his `grgomis y ibhecloei-
fgs `gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i, hl goloel `g hl clrlftál sibrg begf augbhg

oirpÿrgi gf olsi `g priog`eaegfti `g efsihvgfoel i `g quegbrl, gftrg itris.

Olbg sglhlr qug gf gstg olpátuhi efohueais ufl sgreg `g oiagftl-
reis oráteois l hl lotulh rgcuhloeÿf qug sibrg gstl altgrel rglhezl hl Hgy `g
hl lrlftál Aibehelrel y mlogais uf brgvg `gslrrihhi `gh oiftgfe`i `g uf
^riygoti `g fugvl Hgy `g lrlftál Aibehelrel qug prgtgf`g ai`eolr ufl
sgreg `g prgogptis.
Gf gstg tgrogr olpátuhi tlabeåf agfoeiflais blsìf`ifis gf his trl-
blkis qug `evgrsis prijgsirgs fis mlf gfvel`i oif aitevi `gh Oifcrgsi
oghgbrl`i gf _lftelci `g Omehg oÿai gs qug sg rgcuhl hl clrlftál aibehel-
rel (i hl prgf`l) gf Lrcgftefl, Omehg, Oihiabel, rlfoel y Aåxeoi.
eflhagftg, gf gh ûhteai olpátuhi `g gstg trlblki, `gfiaefl`i Lhcu-
fls oifse`grloeifgs cgfgrlhgs gf tirfi l hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel,
efohueais gh ougsteiflrei oiaphgti qug his irclfezl`irgs `gh Oifcrgsi ag
gfvelrif, oif lhcufls ai`eoloeifgs agrlagftg jiralhgs.
uegri oifohuer gstls plhlbrls heaeflrgs rgetgrlf`i ae pisturl gf tir-
fi l hls sgrels `goegfoels qug prgsgftl hl vecgftg Hgy `g hl lrlftál Ai-
behelrel. Gstg trlblki prgtgf`g rgoir`lr oÿai gs qug hl rgcuhloeÿf qug gh
Oÿ`eci Oeveh pisgál sibrg hl prgf`l begf pu`i oif hls ai`eoloeifgs
qug gf su aiagfti grlf fgogslrels sgcuer vecgftg gf fugstri plás.

Fiteoels oiai hls qug oetå lh efeoei `g gstls plhlbrls heaeflrgs fi ml-
ogf sefi oifralr hl pisturl qug vgfci sistgfegf`i `gs`g mlog lhcufis
lis, gf tirfi l hi effgogslrei qug rgsuhtÿ `griclr ti`l hl firaltevl qug
rgcuhlbl hl curl `g hl prgf`l y l hl phgfl vecgfoel `g gstl clrlftál gf gh
^grû `g miy.
Rgetgri ae lcrl`goeaegfti l Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf, oilutir `g gstg
trlblki, pir gh crlf gsjugrzi `gsphgcl`i gf hl tlrgl qug gaprgf`eais plrl
gsoreber sibrg gstg tgal.

<>
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Lseaesai, quegri lcrl`gogr l logtl Kurá`eol pir `lrfis hl ipirtufe-

`l` `g pubheolr gstl ibrl blki su sghhi g`etirelh.
Heal, kufei `gh 2><7

Alrei OL_PEHHI JRG URG (2)

(2) Alrei Olstehhi

Olstehhi rgyrg,
rgyrg, alcástgr
alcástgr y `iotir gf @grgomi, lbicl`i gf gkgroeoei, sioei `gh Gstu`ei qug hhg-
vl su fiabrg prijgsir prefoeplh gf hl ^ifteoel Wfevgrse`l` Oltÿheol `gh ^grû. Aegabri `g Fûagri
`g hl Lol`gael ^grulfl `g @grgomi. @ergotir `g hls oihgooeifgs Bebheitg
Bebheitgol Lrbetrlkg y Bebheitg
ol `g Lrbetrlkg Bebheitgol
ol
`g @grgomi `g su Gstu`ei. 
.olstehhijrgyrg.o
.olstehhijrgyrg.oia.
ia.

<<
 OL^ÁPWHI
OL^ÁPWHI E
HL ^ RG
RGF@F@L;
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LFPG
PGOG@GF
OG@GFPG
PG ME_PßRE
M E_PßREOIOI
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FIRAA LP E ZI @G
HL CLRLF
CLRLFPÁ
PÁL
L AI
AIBEHE
BEHELLRE
RELL

Gh prgsgftg olpátuhi tegfg pir ibkgti lflhezlr gh råceagf hgclh `g hl

prgf`l, oiai lftgog`gftg firaltevi `g hl curl `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel
sibrg begfgs augbhgs gf gh ^grû.
Orggais qug `gtgfgrfis brgvgagftg gf gstg lfìheses fis pgraeterì `is
oisls, l slbgr; gftgf`gr pir quå gs qug sg ml `gkl`i `g hl`i gstl curl ufe-
ufe-
vgrslhagftg rgoifioe`l y oif phgfl utehe`l` gf gh auf`i `g miy4 y, itir-
clr ghgagftis `g kueoei qug fis pgraetlf lralr i fgclr se `eoml `goeseÿf
(gs `goer, hl `g olabelr gh råceagf `g hl «prgf`l´ pir gh `g hl, lsá `gfiae-
fl`l, «clrlftál aibehelrel´) ml se`i l`goul`l.
L oiftefuloeÿf fugstris oiagftlreis.

<. CGFGRLHE@L
CGFGRLHE@L@G_
@G_

Gf gh ^grû, hl curl qug ml sgrve`i `g blsg mestÿreol plrl gh lotulh

gsqugal hgclh phlftgl`i pir hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel, gs hl prgf`l,
curl kurá`eol qug tegfg prijuf`l rleclabrg gf fugstrl trl`eoeÿf kurá`eol.
Gf gsg gftgf`gr, ufl preagrl eftgrriclftg qug gf gh `gslrrihhi `g
gstg trlblki fis gfolrclrgais `g rgspif`gr, gs hl rghltevl l pir quå sg ml

<?
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

iptl`i pir `gklr `g hl`i gf gh ^grû gstl curl phgflagftg vecgftg gf gh

auf`i, pir oegrti y sg ml `goe`e`i ghgcer ufl fugvl rgcuhloeÿf (`gfiae-
(`gfiae-
fl`l «clrlftál aibehelrel´) qug, culr`lf`i oegrtls seaehetu`gs, pisgg ufl
flturlhgzl kurá`eol plrteouhlr y ufl `gfiaefloeÿf qug fi tegfg prgog`gf-
prgog`gf -
tgs gf fugstri ag`ei.
Hl prgcuftl rgsuhtl vìhe`l, aìs lûf se sg tegfg gf ougftl qug gf plásgs
oiai Omehg, pir gkgaphi, fi ml se`i fgogslrei `gklr `g hl`i l hl prgf`l (y,
oif ghhi, pgraeter qug sg pegr`l ti`i gh `gslrrihhi `icaìteoi y kurespru`gf-
oelh qug sif, quå `u`l olbg, jugftg eaprgsoef`ebhg `gh @grgomi y `gh `gsl-
`gsl -
rrihhi `g ti`l curl kurá`eol) oiai efstetuoeÿf y sg ml iptl`i pir `gfi-
`gfi -
aeflrhl «prgf`l sef `gsphlzlaegfti´, oif his lkustgs qug fugstrl åpiol y
fugstrls sioeg`l`gs gxecgf(<).
Gf gsg sgfte`i, y lftgs `g `gslrrihhlr fugstrl piseoeÿf gf tirfi l gstl
y itrls eftgrriclftgs, l oiftefuloeÿf rglhezlrgais uf brgvg `gslrrihhi `g
oÿai jug rgcuhl`l hl prgf`l gf his `esteftis Oÿ`ecis Oevehgs y itrls fir-
als qug mlf rgce`i gf fugstri plás. Ghhi fis pgraeterì gftgf`gr `g agkir
alfgrl oÿai jufoeiflbl hl prgf`l aegftrls sg gfoiftrlbl vecgftg y se
hl `goeseÿf `g `griclr `eoml curl `g fugstri ir`gflaegfti kurá`eoi sg
gfougftrl kusteol`l.
Olbg sglhlr qug gf gstg gstu`ei fi vlais l rgjgrerfis lh oiftgfe`i
`gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh `g hl Oifjg`grloeÿf ^grû-ihevelfl `g <=?:, gh oulh,
pgsg l oifstetuer hl pri`uooeÿf hgceshltevl aìs eapirtlftg `urlftg hl pre
pre--
agrl aetl` `gh sechi , qug receÿ pir uf pgrei`i auy oirti gf gh ^grû,
gs uf ougrpi firaltevi qug fi jug oifogbe`i gf fugstri plás fe receÿ sihl
sihl--
agftg gf åh(2).

(<) Wf oiaphgti lfìheses `g gstg tgal sg pug`g gfoiftrlr gf HRRLL @G F_, lbeìf. Hl fu g vl
rp gf
gf`l
`l sef `gs
`gsph lz
p lzla
laeg
egfti. _lftelci `g Omehg; Lbghg`i-^grrit, 2><<.
fti
(2) @gbg rgoir`lrsg qug gh gfgrlh _lftl Oruz, lsuaegf`i hl tlrgl ai`grfezl`irl `g uf Flpihgÿf hlte- hlte-
filagreolfi, `goe`eÿ oifvgrtersg gf gh crlf hgceshl`ir qug lrrlfol `g hl efoimgrgfoel, `gsir`gf y
oifjuseÿf gh @grgomi `g gstis pugbhis, oiai hi `gohlrl gf gh prÿhici `g su Oÿ`eci Oeveh; Hl hgces- hgces -
hloeÿf oeveh, oreaeflh y `g priog`eaegftis, l qug mlbåes gstl`i siagte`is gf vugstris fgcioeis pre -
vl`is, gs hl ûfeol plrtg `g vugstrl irclfezloeÿf sioelh l qug fi sg ml lpheol`i hl alfi rgjiral`irl
`gh sechi. Gf oifsgougfoel, eapifg gf gh ^grû his Oÿ`ecis qug mlbál prgvelagftg `l`i plrl ihe -
vel, rlzÿf pir hl oulh gstis eftgrgslftgs tgxtis hgclhgs
hgc lhgs sgrìf rgpu`el`is pir his pgrulfis,
pgrul fis, olheoìf`i-
olheoìf`i-
his `gspgotevlagftg oiai his Oÿ`ecis bihevelfis. Gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh sg gxpe`eÿ pir @gorgti `gh < `g
fivegabrg `g <=?:. _ef gablrci, `eomi pripÿseti tuvi ufl ve`l auy gjáagrl. @is lis `gspuås, his
Oÿ`eci bihevelfis jugrif `gohlrl`is efsubsestgftgs gf gh Gstl`i Fir-^grulfi pir gh gfgrlh rbg- rbg -
cisi pir @gorgti `gh ?< `g kuhei `g <=?=,
<=?= , rgstlbhgoeåf`isg hl hgceshloeÿf prggxestgftg `g irecgf gspl
gspl--
ih pir @gorgti `gh ? `g lcisti `gh aesai li ( Ojr. @G RLGFG_ RLF@L, grflf`i. Hl

<0
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

2. HL ^R
^RGF@L
GF@L GF GH Oß@EC
Oß@ECII OEZEH @G <=
<=72
72

Gf <=72 gftrÿ gf vecgfoel gh preagr Oÿ`eci Oeveh pgrulfi.

L gftgf`gr `g auomis gstu`eisis, gh pgrulfi jug, gf recir, gh preagr
Oÿ`eci hltefilagreolfi pgfsl`i gf gstl plrtg `gh auf`i. Gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh
`g <=72, oifse`grl`i, l su vgz, pir Lhgklf`ri
Lhgklf`ri uzaìf reti, oiai hl pre-
pre -
agrl oi`eoloeÿf lutÿfial `g Laåreol, rgoicál yl gf crlf plrtg gh blclkg
kurá`eoi trl`eoeiflh(?).
Gf `eomi ougrpi firaltevi, hl prgf`l sg mlhhlbl rgcuhl`l gftrg his lr-
táouhis <5=0 y 2>>=, his oulhgs sg gfoiftrlblf `gftri `gh átuhi ^reagri;
@g hl prgf`l, `g hl _gooeÿf Oulrtl; @g his plotis y oiftrltis qug lsg-
lsg -
curlf gh ouapheaegfti `g itrls ibhecloeifgs, `gh Hebri grogri; @g hls
Ibhecloeifgs y his Oiftrltis´(0).

e`gl `gh @grgomi

@grgomi gf gh ^grû Rgp
h
b
u h i ]E]. Heal; if`i G`etirelh `g hl ^ifteoel Wfe-
eolfi `gh sec Wfe-
vgrse`l` Oltÿheol `gh ^grû, <552, pp. <75 y <:>).
Olbg `goer, l`gaìs, qug gf oulfti l su oiapiseoeÿf eftgrfl, gstg Oÿ`eci Oeveh gstlbl `eve`e`i gf uf
átuhi ^rgheaeflr y trgs Hebris (pgrsifls, begfgs y `ejgrgftgs ai`is `g l`querer hl pripeg`l`). Rlais
Fûgz sglhl, gf rghloeÿf l hl efugfoel qug pu`i mlbgr tgfe`i gstg Oÿ`eci
Oÿ`ec i Oeveh, qug fi sg trltÿ `g
ufl rgogpoeÿf agoìfeol `gh Oi`g flpihgÿfeoi, pugs gh `grgomi olstghhlfi oifstetuyg ufl jugftg mes- mes -
tÿreol eapirtlftg plrl su ghlbirloeÿf y sg l`vegrtg uf gsjugrzi `g l`lptloeÿf `g hls firals l hl rglhe-
rglhe-
`l` sioelh y piháteol `g hl åpiol (Ojr. RLA_ FG, Olrhis. Mestirel `gh @grgom
@grgomi i Oeveh p
g ru
lfi.
lfi.
echis     l oi`ejoloef `gh sechi  is o`ecis `g hl ifg`grloef  gh `eci eeh
`g =
2<
7 . Heal; if`i G`etirelh `g hl ^ifteoel Wfevgrse`l` Oltÿheol `gh ^grû, 2>>7, tiai , p. <0:).
(?) RLA_ FG, Olrhis. estirel `gh grgomigrgomi eeh pgrulfi echis     l oi`ejoloef
`gh sechi  is o`ecis `g hl ifg`grloef  gh `eci eeh `g . Heal; Jif`i G`etirelh `g
hl ^ifteoel Wfevgrse`l` Oltÿheol `gh ^grû, 2>>7, tiai , p. 2:=.
(0) L oiftefuloeÿf, gh tgxti `g gstis lrtáouhis;
Lrtáouhi <5=0.- ^ug`g `lrsg ufl oisl gf prgf`l, plrl lsgcurlr gh plci `g ufl `gu`l ÿ gh ouaphe-
ouaphe -
aegfti `g<5=7.-
Lrtáouhi oulhquegrl itrlgsibhecloeÿf.
^rgf`l hl oisl augbhg qug sg `l gf sgcure`l` `g ufl ibhecloeÿf oiftrlá`l.
Lrtáouhi <5=:.-
<5=:.- «Gh qug sg ibhecl pug`g oifstetuer gf prgf`l hls oisls `g su pripeg`l`´.
Lrtáouhi <5=3.- Fi pug`g `lrsg gf prgf`l oisls lkgfls, sef gh oifsgfteaegfti gxprgsi `gh `ugi, gh
oulh `gbg tgfgr olploe`l` plrl `espifgr `g ghhls´.
Lrtáouhi <5==.- _e fi sg itircl Gsoreturl ^ûbheol, fe `iouagfti prevl`i, gh lorgg`ir `lrì rgoebi `g
hl prgf`l, y gf åh mlrì agfoeÿf `gh oiftrlti prefoeplh, blki hl pgfl `g rgspif`gr pir his olrcis qug
mlcl gh `ugüi `g
`g hl ois
oisll gapg
gapgüül `l´.
Lrtáouhi <5=5.- @gh oiftrlti `g prgf`l rgsuhtl, l jlvir `gh qug prgstÿ lhci sibrg ghhl, gh `grgomi `g
sgr plcl`i oif su prgoei lftgs qug his `gaìs lorgg`irgs.
^lrl cizlr `gh `grgomi `g prghloeÿf sg rgquegrg, qug hl prgf`l sg mlyl oifstetue`i pir ploti gxprgsi
y qug ghhl pgralfgzol gf pi`gr `gh lorgg`ir ÿ `g hl pgrsifl qug `gbl culr`lrhl sgcûf gh oiftrlti.
Lrtáouhi <55>.-
<55>.- «Hl prgf`l qug gstuvegrg ti`lvál crlvl`l oif ufl `gu`l lftgreir, lh oiftrlgrsg `gs-
puås itrl `gu`l gftrg gh aesai lorgg`ir
lorg g`ir y gh aesai `gu`ir, sgrverì `g clrlftál plrl hls `is `gu`ls,
` gu`ls,
se fi sg mubegsg gstepuhl`i hi oiftrlrei´.
Lrtáouhi <55<.- «Gh `ugüi oifsgrvl su `iaefei gf hl oisl `l`l gf prgf`l4 pgri fi pug`g gapgül rhl
l itrl pgrsifl, aegftrls fi gstå hebrg `g rgspifslbehe`l`´.

<7
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Oiai sg pug`g ibsgrvlr, hl prgf`l fi sg gfoiftrlbl rgcuhl`l `gftri

`gh Hebri rghltevi l hls oisls, sefi aìs begf `gftri `gh Hebri `g hls Ibhecl-
oeifgs y his Oiftrltis. _ibrg gh plrteouhlr, ìhvgz sglhl(7);
Hls curls kurá`eols lftgs lhu`e`ls sg rggrg, gftrg itrls, l hl
prgf`lQ sg trlshl`lrif lh hebri `g ibhecloeifgs y oiftrltis
oiftrltis `gh preagr
preagr
oÿ`eci pgrulfi, segf`i sestgaltezl`ls y lfl`ls blki hl efugfoel
`g su seaehlr jrlfoås .

Lrtáouhi <552
<552.-.- Gh qug `l ufl prgf`l gstì ibhecl`i ì alftgfgrhl gf pi`gr `gh lorgg`ir, ÿ `g hl pgr -
sifl gfolrcl`l `g culr`lrhl sgcûf gh oifvgfei´.
Lrtáouhi <55?.- ^ug`g gh `gu`ir olabelr ufl prgf`l oif itrl `g eculh ÿ alyir vlhir, oiapriblf`i
hl fgogse`l`´.
Lrtáouhi <550.- @l`ls gf prgf`l `is ÿ auomls oisls plrl hl sgcure`l` `g ufl ibhecloeÿf, fi pi`rì
gh `gu`ir rgterlr fefcufl `g ghhls, sef plclr gh orå`eti titlh, ÿ sef mlbgrhl rggaphlzl`i sgcûf gh lr-
táouhi lftgreir´.
Lrtáouhi <557.- His clstis qug gh lorgg`ir meoegrg gf hl oifsgrvloeÿf `g hl prgf`l, sgrìf plcl`is
pir gh `gu`ir´.
Lrtáouhi <55:.-
<55:.- «Gh lorgg`ir gstì ibhecl`i l oifsgrvlr hl prgf`l, oiai oisl pripel´.
Lrtáouhi <553.- Fi uslrì gh lorgg`ir `g hl oisl `l`l gf prgf`l oiai oisl pripel.
Lrtáouhi <55=.- _e gh lorgg`ir lbuslrg `g hl prgf`l, gh `gu`ir tgf`rì gh `grgomi `g mlogrhl `gpise-
`gpise-
tlr gf tgrogrl pgrsifl´.
Lrtáouhi <555.-
<555.- Gh lorgg`ir qug lbusl `g hl prgf`l, gs rgspifslbhg `g su pår`e`l ÿ `gtgreiri.
Lrtáouhi 2>>>.- _e rgsuhtl fi sgr pripel `gh `gu`ir
`gu`i r hl oisl `l`l gf prgf`l, gh lorgg`ir tegfg `grgomi
` grgomi
ì qug sg hg gftrgcug itrl `g eculh vlhir oulf`i agfis, plrl sgcure`l` `g su orå`eti.
egfg gh aesai `grgomi, oulf`i mubegsg se`i gfcll`i gf hl sustlfoel `g hl prgf`l ÿ oulf`i, `gs -
puås `g oghgbrl`i gh oiftrlti, jugsg efsuoegftg pirpi r olusl `gh `gu`ir ÿ pir veoei rgoifioe`i.
rgoifio e`i.
Lrtáouhi 2>><.- _e gh `gu`ir fi `egrg prgf`l `gspuås `g mlbgrsg plotl`i gstl oif`eoeÿf, ÿ se sg
fgclrg ì gftrgclr ÿ ì oiaphgtlr hl qug sg hg pe`l oifjirag lh lrtáouhi lftgreir sg rgputlrì tgraefl`i
gh phlzi `gh oiftrlti, y gh lorgg`ir pi`rì gxecer gh ouapheaegfti `g hl ibhecloeÿf prefoeplh.
Lrtáouhi 2>>2.-
2>>2.- «Gh lorgg`ir pug`g gapgül r hl prgf`l,
prgf`l, se fi sg hg mubegsg
mubegsg primebe`i4
primebe`i4 qug`lf`i
qug`lf`i rgs-
pifslbhg lh `ugi pir oulhquegrl pår`e`l
p år`e`l ÿ `gtgreiri `g ghhl.
Lrtáouhi 2>>?.-
2>>?.- «Gh lorgg`ir gstì ibhecl`i l `gvihvgr hl prgf`l lh `ugüi,i, gf gh loti `g sgr plcl`i `g
su orå`eti, ÿ `g ouaphersg hl ibhecloeÿf.
Lrtáouhi 2>>0.- _e sg pgr`egsg hl prgf`l, sgrì plcl`l, pir gh lorgg`ir l quegf sÿhi pi`rì gxeaersg
`g gstl ibhecloeÿf, priblf`i qug fi sg pgr`eÿ pir su ouhpl.
Lrtáouhi 2>>7.- Oulf`i hl pår`e`l jugrg pir looe`gftg ÿ olsi jirtueti, lolgoe`i `gspuås `g plcl`i
gh orå`eti, i `g ouaphe`l hl ibhecloeÿf prefoeplh, gh lorgg`ir plclrì gh vlhir `g hl prgf`l, se fi tuvi
kustl olusl plrl `gairlr su `gvihuoeÿf.
`gvihuoeÿf .
egfg eculh rgspifslbehe`l` gh lorgg`ir qug, sef mlbgr tgfe`i olusl hgclh plrl rgmuslr, fi quesi lftg-
lftg -
reiragftg l`aeter gh plci `g su orå`eti qug hg mloál gh `gu`ir´.
Lrtáouhi 2>>:.-
2>>:.- «Lufqug gh `gu`ir fi plcug hl `gu`l, fi pi`rì gh lorgg`ir `espifgr `g hl prgf`l, fe
lpripelrsg pir hl olfte`l` qug mubegsg prgstl`i sibrg ghhl4 y gs fuhi oulhquegr ploti qug sg oghgbrg
oiftrl gstl primebeoeÿf.
Lrtáouhi 2>>3.- gfoe`i
gfoe`i gh phlzi, oifvgfoeiflh
oifvg foeiflh ÿ hgclh, sef mlbgrsg plcl`i
p lcl`i hl `gu`l, pi`rì gh lorgg-
lorgg-
`ir pg`er ku`eoelhagftg hl vgftl `g hl prgf`l, plrl sgr plcl`i oif gh prgoei `g ghhl´.
Lrtáouhi 2>>=.- _e sg alf`lrg vgf`gr hl prgf`l, sg vgreolrì gf pûbheol sublstl y `gh prgoei sg
plclrì, gh orå`eti `gh lorgg`ir, y gh sibrlftg, se hi mubegrg, sg gftrgclrì lh `gu`ir´.
(7) HG,
H G, Kiså rlfoesoi. Oi`eoloeÿf y @grgomi f`elfi; gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh pgrulfi `g <=72. Gf
Rgvestl Omehgfl @grgomi. _lftelci; louhtl` `g @grgomi `g hl Wfevgrse`l` `g Omehg,
Omehgfl `g Mestirel `gh @grgomi.
tiai , F» 22, pp. 057 y 05:.

<:
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Gf gsl aesal háfgl, gh prijgsir Olrhis Rlais Fûgz (:) lfitl qug sg
trlblkÿ gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh tialf`i oiai rgjgrgfoel lh Oi`g(3), «l`lptlf`i
sus lrtáouhis l his eftgrgsgs y vlhirloeifgs `g hl ohlsg `erecgftg, `g hl oulh
his oi`eol`irgs jiralblf plrtg.

Hl efugfoel `gh Oÿ`eci Flpihgÿf jug, pugs, gve`gftg gf hl pisturl

l`iptl`l pir gh hgceshl`ir pgrulfi `g gftifogs, y gs qug pir ghhi hl prgf`l
jug rgcuhl`l jugrl `gh lplrtl`i rgjgre`i l his begfgs (qug gs hi qug miy
oifiogais oiai @grgomis Rglhgs).
_ef gablrci, l pgslr `g hl fitlbhg efugfoel gkgroe`l pir gh Oi`g
sibrg gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh pgrulfi `g <=72, ghhl fi `gbg sibrgvlhirlrsg. 
His piois gstu`eis oiaplrltestls qug sg mlf jirauhl`i efsefûlf, aìs
begf, hl gxestgfoel `g gfjiqugs `evgrcgftgs `g fuagrisls efstetuoeifgs y
prefoepeis kurá`eois´(=).
^ir hi `gaìs, `gbg sglhlrsg qug gf hi qug sg rggrg lh Oÿ`eci Oeveh
`g <=72, hl prgf`l jug ibkgti `g ufl rgcuhloeÿf, oulf`i agfis, eftgcrlh y
blstlftg oiaphgtl plrl su åpiol. @goeais gsti `gbe`i l qug his lrtáouhis
qug `eomi Oÿ`eci Oeveh hg `g`eoÿ l hl curl rgcuhlrif sus prefoeplhgs y
aìs eapirtlftgs lspgotis.

?. HL ^R
^RGF@L
GF@L GF GH Oß
Oß@ECI
@ECI OEZEH @G <5?
<5?::

Gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh `g <5?: jug, gf crlf ag`e`l, rgsuhtl`i `gh @grgomi

oiaplrl`i. Hl Oiaeseÿf Rgjiral`irl sg serveÿ auomáseai `g hl hgceshl-
hgceshl -
oeÿf gxtrlfkgrl y `g `iotrefl qug vgfál `gh @grgomi jrlfoås, lhgaìf, suezi,
brlsehgüi,
i, l rc
rcgf
gfte
tefi
fi,, gsp
gsplü
lüih
ih , etlh
etlhelf
elfii y vgf
vgfgzi
gzihlf
hlfii(5).

(:) RLA_ FG, Olrhis. h `eci `eci lpihgfeo

lpihgfeoi rgogpoef gf areol ltefl Heal; ^ifteoel
i  su rgogpoef
Wfevgrse`l` Oltÿheol `gh ^grû, <553, p. 237.
(3) bsgrvgais hi qug prgsorebg gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh jrlfoås sibrg hl prgf`l gf su lrtáouhi
lrtáouhi 2>3?;
Lrtáouhi 2>3?.- Hl prgf`l oifgrg lh lorgg`ir gh `grgomi l qug sg hg plcug pir hl oisl qug oifste -
tuyg gh ibkgti, pir prevehgcei y prgjgrgfoel lftg his itris lorgg`irgs.
(=) RLA_ FG, Olrhis. estirel `gh grgomi grgomi eeh pgrulfi echis     l oi`ejoloef
`gh sechi  is o`ecis `g hl ifg`grloef  gh `eci eeh `g . Ip oet., tiai , pp. 2::
y 2:3.
(5) Wf lfìheses, ef gxtgfsu, sg pug`g gfoiftrlr gf RLA_ FG, Olrhis. Mestirel `gh @grgom @grgomii Oeveh
pgrulfi echis    iai ihuagf  l cfgses  hls ugftgs Heal;
iai  h `eci `g  ihuagf
if`i G`etirelh `g hl ^ifteoel Wfevgrse`l` Oltÿheol `gh ^grû, 2>>5, tiai , vihuagf 2, p. 2<3
y ss.

<3
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Gstg ougrpi firaltevi secfeoÿ plrl hl prgf`l uf olabei gf oulfti l

su ubeoloeÿf sestgaìteol. Lsá, `eoml curl jug rgcuhl`l gftrg his lrtáouhis
5=< l <>>? `gh átuhi ; @g hl prgf`l, `g hl _gooeÿf Oulrtl; @g his
`grgomis `g clrlftál, `gh Hebri Oulrti; @g his @grgomis Rglhgs(<>).

(<>) L oiftefuloeÿf, gh tgxti `g his oetl`is lrtáouhis;

Lrtáouhi 5=<.- _if rgquesetis `g hl prgf`l;
<.- \ug sg gftrgcug gh begf lh lorgg`ir i l hl pgrsifl qug `gbg culr`lrhi4
2.- ug hl prgf`l lsgcurg gh ouapheaegfti `g ufl ibhecloeÿf, oulf`i gstl sg mlyl oifstetue`i sef hl
eftgrvgfoeÿf `g quegf oifstetuyÿ hl clrlftál
?.- ug ljgotg gh begf quegf sgl su `ugi y tgfcl su hebrg `espiseoeÿf, i, gf itri olsi, quegf gstå luti
luti--
rezl`i hgclhagftg´.
Lrtáouhi 5=2.- _e hl prgf`l oifsestg gf orå`etis i vlhirgs, `gbgf og`grsg i gftrgclrsg his tátuhis
y fiteolrsg lh `gu`ir, pgri hl fiteoloeÿf fi gs fgogslrel se his `iouagftis sif gf`islbhgs lh
pirtl`ir´.
Lrtáouhi 5=?.- Fi surtg gjgoti hl prgf`l oiftrl tgrogri se fi oifstl pir gsoreti `g jgoml oegrtl.
Lrtáouhi 5=0.- Gh `iouagfti `g hl prgf`l `gbg agfoeiflr hl ibhecloeÿf prefoeplh y oiftgfgr ufl
`gsecfloeÿf `gtlhhl`l `g his ibkgtis `l`is gf prgf`l.
Lrtáouhi 5=7.- Gh oiftrlti `g prgf`l `l lh lorgg`ir gh `grgomi `g sgr plcl`i, oif prgjgrgfoel l itris
lorgg`irgs, `gh prgoei gf qug sg vgf`l hl prgf`l.
^lrl cizlr `g gstl prghloeÿf sg rgquegrg qug hl prgf`l pgralfgzol gf pi`gr `gh lorgg`ir i `g hl pgr -
sifl qug `gbl culr`lrhl´.
Lrtáouhi 5=:.-
5=:.- «Wf ibkgti pug`g sgr `l`i gf prgf`l l vlrels pgrsifls suogsevlagftg, oif lvesi l his
lorgg`irgs qug yl tegfgf hl aesal clrlftál, y segaprg qug oifsegftl quegf rgoebg hl prgf`l gf culr-
`lrhl plrl ti`is. His lorgg`irgs sgcuerìf gh ir`gf gf qug mlf se`i oifstetue`ls hls prgf`ls plrl gh
gjgoti `g hl prgjgrgfoel.
Lrtáouhi 5=3.-
5=3.- «^ug`g olabelrsg ufl prgf`l pir itrl oiapriblf`i ku`eoelhagftg hl fgogse`l` y hl
gquevlhgfoel `g hl clrlftál´.
Lrtáouhi 5==.-
5==.- «Gh lorgg`ir i gh tgrogri qug culr`l hl prgf`l gstì ibhecl`i l oifsgrvlrhl oiai pri-
pel, pgri fi uslrì `g ghhl sef gh oifsgfteaegfti `gh `ugüi´.
i´.
Lrtáouhi 5=5.- _e gh lorgg`ir lbusl `g hl prgf`l gs rgspifslbhg `g su pår`e`l i `gtgreiri y gh `gu -
`ir pug`g pg`er qug sg `gpisetg gf pi`gr `g tgrogrl pgrsifl´.
Lrtáouhi 55>.- His clstis mgomis gf hl oifsgrvloeÿf `g hl prgf`l sgrìf plcl`is pir gh `gu`ir.
Lrtáouhi 55<.-
55<.- _e gh `gu`ir fi `l prgf`l `gspuås `g plotl`l gstl ibhecloeÿf i se fi gftrgcl hl plo-
plo-
tl`l i hl qug `gbg sustetuer oifjirag lh lrtáouhi secuegftg, gh lorgg`ir pug`g gxecer gh ouapheaegfti
`g hl ibhecloeÿf prefoeplh lufqug gh phlzi fi gstå vgfoe`i.
Lrtáouhi 552.-
552.- _e rgsuhtl fi sgr `gh `gu`ir gh begf `l`i gf prgf`l, gh lorgg`ir tegfg `grgomi l qug
sg hg gftrgcug itrl gquevlhgftg.
egfg gh aesai `grgomi oulf`i ml se`i gfcll`i sibrg hl prgf`l i oulf`i ghhl gs efsuoegftg pir
olusl `gh `gu`ir i pir veoei `g hl oisl´.
Lrtáouhi 55?.- Gh qug rgtegfg hl prgf`l gstì ibhecl`i l `gvihvgrhl oulf`i sg ouaphg hl ibhecloeÿf.
Lrtáouhi 550.- _e sg pegr`g hl prgf`l gftrgcl`l lh lorgg`ir, åstg plclrì su vlhir, slhvi qug prugbg
qug sg pgr`eÿ sef su ouhpl.
Lrtáouhi 557.- Oulf`i hl pår`e`l gs pir jugrzl alyir i olsi jirtueti, lolgoe`i `gspuås `g ouaphe`l
hl ibhecloeÿf prefoeplh, gh lorgg`ir plclrì gh vlhir `g hl prgf`l, se fi tuvi kustl olusl plrl `gai -
rlr su `gvihuoeÿf, slhvi qug prugbg qug sg mlbrál pgr`e`i pir hl aesal olusl gf pi`gr `gh `gu`ir.
Lrtáouhi 55:.- gfoe`i
gfoe`i gh phlzi sef mlbgrsg
mlb grsg ouaphe`i hl ibhecloeÿf, gh lorgg`ir pug`g pg`er hl vgftl
v gftl
ku`eoelh `g hl prgf`l´.
Lrtáouhi 553.- _e hl prgf`l pri`uog eftgrgsgs gstis sg lpheolrìf oifjirag lh lrtáouhi <>>:.

<=
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Olbg sglhlr qug itrl `ejgrgfoel gftrg gstg Oÿ`eci y su prg`gogsir

(gs `goer, gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh pgrulfi `g <=72) gs hl rgjgre`l lh trlshl`i `gh
begf. Lsá;
«Gf hi qug rgspgotl l hl prgf`l, l`vgrteais qug gstl yl sg gfoif-
trlbl rgcuhl`l gf his O.O. `g <=72 y <5?:. Rgspgoti `g gstl ûhteal,
sg ibsgrvl qug gf hl rgcuhloeÿf bref`l`l pir labis oÿ`ecis sustlf-
sustlf-
tevis, gxestál ufl `ejgrgfoel juf`lagftlh; gf gh preagri `g ghhis, gh
begf prgf`l`i pgralfgoál gf pisgseÿf `gh `gu`ir gf olabei, gf gh
sgcuf`i `g ghhis, hl prgf`l eapheolbl qug (seo) gh trlshl`i jáseoi `gh
begf l alfis `gh lorgg`ir
lorgg`ir prgf`lrei´(<<).
labeåf `gbgais sglhlr qug gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh `g <5?: fi oiftgfál
`espiseoeifgs rgjgrgftgs lh rgcestri `g prgf`ls. Lsá, gf rglhe`l`, hl prgf`l
oif rgcestri ml se`i mlbehetl`l pir preagrl vgz l fevgh `g Oÿ`eci gf gh `g
<5=0. Gh Oÿ`eci lftgreir, `g <5?:, fi tgfál priveseifgs sibrg gstg tepi `g
prgf`l, pgsg l qug hl prgf`l lcráoihl yl gxestál lftgs `g qug sg gxpe`egrl
`eomi Oÿ`eci(<2).
Oif ti`i, y `g ufl hgoturl oifoir`l`l `g his prgogptis qug gh
Oÿ`eci `g <5?: itircÿ l hl curl kurá`eol `g hl prgf`l, pi`gais sgl -
hlr qug gstl tuvi ufl rgcuhloeÿf gf háfgls cgfgrlhgs plrgoe`l l hl `g
su prg`gogsir.

Lrtáouhi 55=.-
55=.- «Gh lorgg`ir qug rgoebg gf prgf`l uf orå`eti `gbg gkgroetlr hls looeifgs fgogslrels
plrl qug fi sg gxtefcl y pug`g oibrlr his eftgrgsgs qug åh `gvgfcug y tlabeåf gh olpetlh se hl lorggf-
oel gstì vgfoe`l´.
Lrtáouhi 555.-
555.- _e hl prgf`l oifsestg gf looeifgs u ibhecloeifgs gh lorgg`ir oibrlrì his `eve`gf`is
i eftgrgsgs´.
Lrtáouhi <>>>.- Gh lorgg`ir `g bugfl jg qug rgoebg gf prgf`l ibkgtis
ib kgtis lkgfis tegfg `grgomi plrl rgtg-
rgtg-
fgrhis y plclrsg oif su vlhir, slhvi qug sglf ribl`is
rib l`is i pgr`e`is y gh `gu`ir fi
f i his mubegrg oiaprl`i
gf his huclrgs gstlbhgoe`is plrl hl vgftl `g his `g su ohlsg´.
Lrtáouhi <>><.-
<>><.- «Hl prgf`l qug gstì crlvl`l oif ufl `gu`l servg `g eculh clrlftál l itrl qug sg oif-
trlecl gftrg his aesais lorgg`ir y `gu`ir, segaprg qug hl fugvl `gu`l oifstg pir gsoreti `g jgoml
oegrtl´.
Lrtáouhi <>>2.-
<>>2.- «Lufqug fi sg plcug hl `gu`l gh lorgg`ir fi pug`g lpripelrsg `g hl prgf`l pir hl
olfte`l` prgstl`l, y gs fuhi gh ploti qug sg oghgbrg oiftrl gstl primebeoeÿf.
Lrtáouhi <>>?.- Hls olsls `g pråstlais ibsgrvlrìf su hgceshloeÿf gspgoelh y subse`elrelagftg hls
`espiseoeifgs `g gstg tátuhi´.
(<<) RL_ _FOG, Hues Lhifsi. Hgy `g clrlftál aibehelrel; Wf vestlzi sioeigoifÿaeoi. Gf
Ku
s . @iot
@iotre
refl o teol, F» 0. Heal; rekhgy, lbreh `g 2>>3, p. 2>3.
fl y ^rì
^rì
(<2) LGF@L LH@G,LH@G, Kircg. @gfeoeÿf `g prgf`l. Oiagftlrei lh lrtáouhi <>77. Gf `eci
Oeveh Oiagftl`i. Heal; logtl Kurá`eol, 2>>?, tiai , p. 3:=.

<5
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

0. HL ^R
^RGF@L
GF@L GF GH Oß
Oß@ECI
@ECI OEZEH
OEZE H @G <5=
<5=00

Gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh `g <5=0 rgcuhlbl hl curl kurá`eol `g hl prgf`l gftrg

his lrtáouhis <>77 y <>5>, his oulhgs sg gfoiftrlblf `estrebue`is gf oul-
oul -
tri Olpátuhis (@espiseoeifgs cgfgrlhgs, @grgomis y ibhecloeifgs,
^rgf`l sibrg orå`etis y tátuhis vlhirgs, y Gxtefoeÿf `g hl ^rgf`l) qug
gstlblf ubeol`is gf gh átuhi ; ^rgf`l, `g hl _gooeÿf Oulrtl; @grgomis
Rglhgs `g lrlftál, `gh Hebri ;; @grgomis Rglhgs(<?).

(<?) Gh tgxti `g his oetl`is lrtáouhis grl gh secuegftg;

 lptuhi preagri espiseoeifgs gfgrlhgs
Lrtáouhi <>77.- Hl prgf`l sg oifstetuyg sibrg uf u f begf augbhg, ag`elftg su gftrgcl jáseol i kurá`eol,
plrl lsgcurlr gh ouapheaegfti `g oulhquegr ibhecloeÿf.
ib hecloeÿf.
Lrtáouhi <>7:.- Hl prgf`l gs ef`evesebhg y clrlftezl hl ibhecloeÿf aegftrls fi sg ouaphl áftgcrl- áftgcrl -
agftg, luf oulf`i `eoml ibhecloeÿf i gh begf prgf`l`i sglf `evesebhgs. Oulf`i sg mlf `l`i gf
prgf`l vlreis begfgs fi sg pug`g `gsljgotlr fefcufi sef plclr gh titlh `g hl ibhecloeÿf, slhvi ploti
`estefti´.
Lrtáouhi <>73.- Hl prgf`l sg gxtegf`g l ti`is his loogsireis `gh begf. His jrutis y luagftis `gh
begf prgf`l`i pgrtgfgogf lh pripegtlrei,
prip egtlrei, slhvi ploti `estefti´.
Lrtáouhi <>7=.- _if rgquesetis plrl hl vlhe`gz `g hl prgf`l;
<.- \ug crlvg gh begf quegf sgl su pripegtlrei i quegf gstå lutirezl`i hgclhagftg.
2.- ug gh begf sg gftrgcug jáseol i kurá`eolagftg lh lorgg`ir, l hl pgrsifl `gsecfl`l pir åstg i l hl
qug sglhgf hls plrtgs, sef pgrkueoei `g hi `espugsti gf hl ûhteal plrtg `gh lrtáouhi <>75.
Lrtáouhi <>75.- _g gftegf`g gftrgcl`i kurá`eolagftg gh begf lh lorgg`ir oulf`i qug`l gf pi`gr `gh
`gu`ir. Hl gftrgcl kurá`eol sÿhi priog`g rgspgoti `g begfgs augbhgs efsoretis. Gf gstg olsi,
olsi , hl prgf`l
sÿhi surtg gjgoti `gs`g su efsorepoeÿf gf gh rgcestri rgspgotevi.
Lrtáouhi <>:>.- Wf begf pug`g sgr crlvl`i oif prgf`l gf clrlftál `g vlreis orå`etis y gf jlvir `g
vlrels pgrsifls suogsevlagftg, oif lvesi l his lorgg`irgs qug yl tegfgf hl aesal clrlftál.
His lorgg`irgs sgcuerìf gh ir`gf gf qug mlf se`i oifstetue`ls hls prgf`ls plrl gh gjgoti `g hl
prgjgrgfoel.
Lrtáouhi <>:<.- Hl prgf`l fi surtg gjgoti oiftrl tgrogri se fi oifstl gf `iouagfti `g jgoml oegrtl,
slhvi hi `espugsti gf hl ûhteal plrtg `gh lrtáouhi <>75.
Lrtáouhi <>:2.- Gh `iouagfti gf qug oifstl hl prgf`l `gbg agfoeiflr hl ibhecloeÿf prefoeplh y oif- oif -
tgfgr ufl `gsecfloeÿf `gtlhhl`l `gh begf crlvl`i.
Lrtáouhi
gftrg his <>:?.-
<>:?.- «Hl
aesais prgf`ly qug
lorgg`ir clrlftezl
`gu`ir, uflqug
segaprg `gu`l servg`gu`l
hl fugvl `g eculh clrlftál
oifstg l itrl `g
pir gsoreti qugjgoml
sg oiftrlecl
oegrtl.
Lrtáouhi <>:0.-
<>:0.- «Gh lorgg`ir i gh tgrogri qug rgoebg hl prgf`l tegfg hl olhe`l` `g `gpisetlrei´.
Lrtáouhi <>:7.-
<>:7.- «Hls prgf`ls hgclhgs sg recgf pir hls `espiseoeifgs `g gstg tátuhi y pir his lrtáouhis
<<<= l <<2>, y sÿhi priog`gf rgspgoti `g begfgs augbhgs susogptebhgs `g efsorepoeÿf.
Lrtáouhi <>::.-
<>::.- «Lufqug fi sg plcug hl `gu`l, gh lorgg`ir fi pug`g lpripelrsg `gh begf prgf`l`i
pir hl olfte`l` prgstl`l. Gs fuhi gh ploti gf oiftrlrei´.
oiftrlrei´ .
 lptuhi sgcuf`i grgomis  hecloeifgs
Lrtáouhi <>:3.- Hl prgf`l oifgrg lh lorgg`ir gh `grgomi l rgtgfgr gh begf. Gh tgrogr l`quergftg fi
pug`g gxecer su rgstetuoeÿf fe su gftrgcl se lftgs fi mlf se`i áftgcrlagftg plcl`is gh olpetlh g eftgrg-
eftgrg-
sgs y rggabihsl`is his clstis rghltevis l hl `gu`l y l hl oifsgrvloeÿf `gh begf.
Lrtáouhi <>:=.- Gh `grgomi `gh lorgg`ir prgf`lrei, gf rghloeÿf lh begf, gs prgjgrgftg lh `g his `gaìs
lorgg`irgs.
Hl prgjgrgfoel subsestg sÿhi gf tlfti gh begf `l`i gf prgf`l pgralfgzol gf pisgseÿf `gh lorgg`ir i
`gh tgrogri `gsecfl`i pir hls plrtgs, i oulf`i sg trltg `g prgf`l efsoretl.
Gstl prgjgrgfoel fi recg trltìf`isg `gh lorgg`ir pir gh slh`i `gh prgoei `g vgftl, oulf`i gstg `grgomi
lplrgog efsoreti gf gh rgcestri oirrgspif`egftg oif lftgreire`l` l hl prgf`l´.

2>
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Lrtáouhi <>:5.- gfoe`i gh phlzi sef mlbgrsg ouaphe`i hl ibhecloeÿf, gh lorgg`ir pug`g priog`gr l
hl vgftl `gh begf gf hl jiral plotl`l lh oifstetuersg hl ibhecloeÿf. L jlhtl `g ploti, sg trlaetl oiai
priogsi `g gkgouoeÿf `g clrlftáls. Hl ipiseoeÿf `gh `gu`ir sÿhi pug`g sustgftlrsg
sustgf tlrsg gf prugbl `iou-
`iou -
agftlh qug lorg`etg ef`ubetlbhgagftg gh plci´.
Lrtáouhi <>3>.- Gh lorgg`ir qug ml pgr`e`i efvihuftlrelagftg hl pisgseÿf `gh begf rgoebe`i gf
prgf`l, pug`g gkgrogr,
gkgrog r, l`gaìs `g hls looeifgs `g
` g `gjgfsl `g hl pisgseÿf, hl looeÿf rgevef`eoltirel se
ghhl oirrgspif`g
Lrtáouhi lh oifstetuygftg´.
<>3<.- _e gh `gu`ir fi gftrgcl gh begf ijrgoe`i gf prgf`l i gh qug `gbg sustetuerhi oif-oif -
jirag lh lrtáouhi <>32, gh lorgg`ir pug`g gxecer gh ouapheaegfti `g hl ibhecloeÿf prefoeplh lufqug
gh phlzi fi gstå vgfoe`i´.
Lrtáouhi <>32.- _e rgsuhtl fi sgr `gh oifstetuygftg gh begf `l`i gf prgf`l, gh lorgg`ir tegfg `grgomi
l qug sg hg gftrgcug itri gquevlhgftg.
egfg gh aesai `grgomi oulf`i ml se`i gfcll`i sibrg hl prgf`l i oulf`i gstl gs efsuoegftg pir
ouhpl `gh `gu`ir i pir veoei `gh begf´.
Lrtáouhi <>3?.-
<>3?.- «^ug`g sustetuersg ufl prgf`l pir itrl, oiapriblf`i ku`eoelhagftg hl fgogse`l` y hl
gquevlhgfoel `g hl clrlftál. Gh gkgroeoei `g gstg `grgomi oirrgspif`g l oulhquegrl `g hls plrtgs y sg
trlaetl `g lougr`i l hls rgchls `gh kueoei `g agfir oulftál´.
Lrtáouhi <>30.- Oulf`i gh begf `l`i gf prgf`l sg `gtgreirl mlstl tgagrsg qug sgrì efsuoegftg plrl
clrlftezlr hl `gu`l, gh lorgg`ir, oif lvesi prgvei lh oifstetuygftg, pug`g pg`er lutirezloeÿf ku`eoelh
plrl vgf`gr gh begf, l agfis qug gh `gu`ir i gh oifstetuygftg
oifstetuy gftg ijrgzol itrl
i trl clrlftál qug
qu g gh kugz oif
oif--
se`grg sltesjlotirel.
Lrtáouhi <>37.-
<>37.- «Gh lorgg`ir gstì ibhecl`i l oue`lr hl prgf`l oif hl `ehecgfoel ir`eflrel rgqugre`l´.
Lrtáouhi <>3:.-
<>3:.- «Gh lorgg`ir fi pug`g uslr gh begf sef gh oifsgfteaegfti `gh oifstetuygftg.
_e
qugmly
sgllbusi
pugsti`ghgfbegf prgf`l`i,
pi`gr tlfti gh `gu`ir oiai gh oifstetuygftg, se sif `esteftis, pug`gf pg`er
`g uf tgrogri´.
Lrtáouhi <>33.- _e sg `l gf prgf`l uf begf jruotájgri, gh lorgg`ir, slhvi ploti oiftrlrei i `espise -
oeÿf gspgoelh `g hl hgy, tegfg hl jlouhtl` `g mlogr suyis his jrutis eaputìf`ihis preagri l his eftgrg -
sgs y clstis y `gspuås lh olpetlh´.
Lrtáouhi <>3=.- _e sg ml gftrgcl`i gf prgf`l uf begf qug pir su flturlhgzl gstì `gstefl`i l sgr
gxphitl`i goifÿaeolagftg, quegf hi culr`l `gbg oue`lr qug sgl gxphitl`i, oif oifioeaegfti `gh
pripegtlrei. His jrutis `g gstl gxphitloeÿf
gxp hitloeÿf pgrtgfgogf lh pripegtlrei, l pheolr-
pripegtlrei , pgri gh lorgg`ir pug`g lpheolr
his l hl lairtezloeÿf `g eftgrgsgs, clstis y, se lholfzl, l hl `gh olpetlh.
Gh pripegtlrei pug`g ipifgrsg l hl gxphitloeÿf pir gh `gpisetlrei, se eapirtl regsci plrl gh begf.
i`l ougsteÿf rghloeifl`l oif hl gxphitloeÿf `gh begf prgf`l`i sg trlaetl oiai efoe`gftg.
Lrtáouhi <>35.-
<>35.- «Gh `gpisetlrei qug lbusl `g hl prgf`l gs rgspifslbhg `g hl pår`e`l i `gtgreiri, luf
pir olsi jirtueti i jugrzl alyir,
alyi r, slhvi qug `gaugstrg qug
qu g hl pår`e`l i `gtgreiri sg mlbrálf pri`u
pri `u--
oe`i luf oulf`i fi mubegsg lbusl`i `gh begf prgf`l`i.
_e gh begf prgf`l`i sg `gtgreirl, priog`g hl `gsecfloeÿf `g uf fugvi `gpisetlrei.
Lrtáouhi <>=>.-
<>=>.- «Gh qug culr`l gh begf prgf`l`i gstì ibhecl`i l `gvihvgrhi
` gvihvgrhi oulf`i sg ouaphl hl ibhe-
cloeÿf y qug`gf sltesjgomis his clstis `g oifsgrvloeÿf, blki rgspifslbehe`l`.
Lrtáouhi <>=<.- _e sg pegr`g hl prgf`l pir ouhpl `gh `gpisetlrei, åstg `gbg sustetuerhl pir itrl `g hl
aesal gspgoeg y olhe`l`, i plclr su vlhir lotulh, l ghgooeÿf `gh lorgg`ir.
Lrtáouhi <>=2.-
<>=2.- «Oulf`i hl pår`e`l sg pri`uog pir olusls fi eaputlbhgs lh `gpisetlrei, iourre`l
(seo) `gspuås `g ouaphe`l hl ibhecloeÿf
ibheclo eÿf prefoeplh, lquåh plclrì gh vlhir lotulh
lotul h `g hl prgf`l se fi tuvi
aitevi plrl `gairlr su `gvihuoeÿf, slhvi qug prugbg qug sg mlbrál pgr`e`i pir hl aesal olusl, `g
mlbgr gstl`i gf pi`gr `g quegf `gbál rgoeberhl´.
Lrtáouhi <>=?.- Gs lpheolbhg l hl prgf`l hi `espugsti gf his lrtáouhis <<<7 y <<<:.
 lptuhi tgrogri rgf`l sirg r`etis  tuhis lhirgs
Lrtáouhi <>=0.- _ÿhi pug`gf `lrsg gf prgf`l orå`etis qug oifstgf `g `iouagfti,
`ioua gfti, gh aesai qug `gbg
sgr gftrgcl`i lh lorgg`ir i, `g ag`elr lougr`i gftrg hls plrtgs, sgr oifl`i l uf tgrogri i `gpise-
`gpise -
tl`i gf efstetuoeÿf `g orå`eti.
Gh lsgfteaegfti `gh oifstetuygftg gs errgviolbhg y gh `gu`ir `gbg sgr fiteol`i.
Lrtáouhi <>=7.- _e sibrg uf orå`eti gxestgf vlreis `grgomis `g prgf`l, tgf`rì prghloeÿf lquåh ouyi
`grgomi prgog`l lh `g his `gaìs´.
Lrtáouhi <>=:.-
<>=:.- «Gh lorgg`ir prgf`lrei gstì ibhecl`i l oibrlr his eftgrgsgs `gh orå`eti u itrls prgs-
tloeifgs pgreÿ`eols, eaputlf`i su aifti preagri l his eftgrgsgs y clstis, `g sgr gh olsi, y hugci lh

2<
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

_ef gablrci, ti`l gstl rgcuhloeÿf qug`ÿ `gricl`l gf gh li 2>>:,

oulf`i jug pubheol`l hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel, Hgy F» 2=:33, hl
oulh gftrÿ gf vecgfoel gh ?> `g alyi `gh aesai li.
Lsá, l trlvås `g su _gxtl @espiseoeÿf eflh sg gstlbhgoeÿ qug qug`lblf
`gricl`is his lrtáouhis <>77 lh <>5>, efohusevg, `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh.
_ef pgrkueoei `g qug aìs l`ghlftg vlais l rgjgrerfis lh oiftgfe`i `g hl
Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel, orggais auy eapirtlftg mlogr uf rgougfti
`gh oiftgfe`i `g his prgogptis hgclhgs qug rgcuhlblf hl curl `g hl prgf`l
gf gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh `g <5=0. Ghhi, pir oulfti pgfslais qug hl rgcuhloeÿf
qug tgfál `eoml curl grl blstlftg oiaphgtl y su vecgfoel ltgf`ál, oif hls
`goegfoels qug ti`i ir`gf firaltevi pisgg y qug begf pi`álf mlbgr se`i
rgag`el`ls oif lhcufis olabeis firaltevis, l hls fgogse`l`gs `gh trìoi
oiagroelh gxestgftg mlstl gsg gftifogs.
@gftri `g tlh ir`gf `g e`gls, l oiftefuloeÿf rglhezlrgais uf brgvg
oiagftlrei gf tirfi l oÿai sg gfoiftrlbl rgcuhl`l hl prgf`l gf gstg
Oÿ`eci Oeveh. ^gri lftgs `g ghhi, y kufti l Hljlehhg y Lhtgrefe , `gbgais
(<0)

sglhlr qug hl plhlbrl prgf`l ijrgog gf gh hgfculkg kurá`eoi trgs logp-logp -

oeifgs `evgrsls; sg lpheol tlfti lh `grgomi rglh, i lh oiftrlti qug servg plrl
oifstetuerhi, i l hl oisl gftrgcl`l gf clrlftál.

olpetlh. Gh lorgg`ir prgf`lrei gstì ibhecl`i, blki rgspifslbehe`l`, l rglhezlr his lotis `g oifsgrvl-
oeÿf `gh orå`eti rgoebe`i gf prgf`l.
Lrtáouhi <>=3.- _e hl prgf`l oifsestg gf tátuhis vlhirgs, gstis `gbgf sgr gftrgcl`is. Oulf`i sg trltl
`g tátuhis l hl ir`gf y fiaefltevis, `gbg ibsgrvlrsg hl hgy `g hl altgrel´.
Lrtáouhi <>==.-
<>==.- «Oulf`i hl prgf`l oifsestg gf orå`etis `g suals `g `efgri, gh lorgg`ir prgf`lrei
tegfg `grgomi l oibrlr gh olpetlh g eftgrgsgs y `gbg gkgroetlr hls looeifgs fgogslrels plrl qug gh orå-
`eti fi sg gxtefcl. _e gh lorgg`ir oibrl his eftgrgsgs i gh olpetlh, `gbg `gpisetlrhis gf ufl efstetu -
oeÿf `g orå`eti.
Lrtáouhi <>=5.- Hl prgf`l `g `efgri `l `grgomi lh lorgg`ir l mlogr gjgotevi su orå`eti oif olrci lh
`efgri prgf`l`i´.
 lptuhi oulrti tefoef `g hl rgf`l
Lrtáouhi <>5>.-
<>5>.- «Hl prgf`l sg lolbl pir;
<.- Gxtefoeÿf `g hl ibhecloeÿf qug clrlftezl.
2.- Lfuhloeÿf, rgsoeseÿf i rgsihuoeÿf `g `eoml ibhecloeÿf.
?.- Rgfufoel `gh lorgg`ir.
0.- @gstruooeÿf titlh `gh begf.
7.- Gxpripeloeÿf.
:.- Oifsihe`loeÿf.
(<0) HLJLEHHG, åotir y LHGRF,
LHGRF, Kircg irloei. @grg
@grgomi
omi Oeveh. Prltl`i
Prltl`i `g his @grgomis Rglhgs.
2 g`eoeÿf. ugfis
ugf is Lergs; Hl Hgy - G`elr, 2><<, tiai , p. 0=.

22
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

0.<. Hl prgf`l oiai `grgomi rglh `g l

cr lft
ftáál

Hl prgf`l gs ufl clrlftál sibrg hl oisl augbhg i uf `grgomi, plrl lsg-

curlr gh ouapheaegfti `g ibhecloeifgs `gtgraefl`ls. ^lslf l pi`gr `gh
lorgg`ir his begfgs pecfirl`is y åh tegfg hl jlouhtl` `g vgf`grhis oulf`i
fi gs sltesjgomi, oibrlf`i sibrg gh prgoei oif uf prevehgcei gspgoelh. Oif
lkustg lh `grgomi pisetevi vecgftg, hl prgf`l gs gh `grgomi rglh loogsirei `g
uf orå`eti (oeveh i oiagroelh), gf jufoeÿf `g clrlftál, oif `gsphlzlaegfti
`g hl oisl augbhg fi rgcestrlbhg i orå`eti efstruagftl`i sibrg his qug
rgolg, qug `gbg gftrgclrsg lh lorgg`ir prgf`lrei(<7).
_gcûf Oul`ris ehhgfl(<:), hl prgf`l gs uf `grgomi rglh `g clrlftál qug
sg gstlbhgog sibrg uf begf augbhg qug sg gftrgcl plrl clrlftezlr gh oua-
pheaegfti `g ufl ibhecloeÿf, lutirezlf`i lh lorgg`ir l vgf`gr gh begf se fi
sg ouaphg hl aesal.
Gf seaehlr sgfte`i, ^uec ^gül (<3)
lral qug hl prgf`l gs uf `grgomi
rglh,
ouyl sibrg
vertu`hlsgoisl augbhg,
gftrgcl gstlbhgoe`i
lqughhl gf clrlftál
l uf tgrogri `g ufl
`g oiaûf ibhecloeÿf,
lougr`i, oif ghpir
f
`g qug qug`g gf su pisgseÿf mlstl gh oiaphgti plci `gh orå`eti y pug`l
priog`grsg gf olsi `g efouapheaegfti
efouapheaegfti l efstlr `g hl oisl gapgü
gapgül `l, sl
sltes-
jloegf`i, gftifogs, oif su eapirtg hls rgspifslbehe`l`gs pgoufelrels qug
flzolf `g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l.
Olblfghhls(<=) sistgfál qug hl prgf`l grl uf oiftrlti y `grgomi rglh pir
his oulhgs ufl oisl augbhg sg oifstetuyg gf clrlftál `g ufl ibhecloeÿf,
oif gftrgcl `g hl pisgseÿf lh lorgg`ir y `grgomi `g åstg plrl gflkgflrhl gf
olsi `g efouapheaegfti y mlogrsg plci oif hi ibtgfe`i.

Lsá,`ghlufl
jufoeÿf prgf`l gs ufoif
clrlftál `grgomi rglh loogsirei
`gsphlzlaegfti `g ufaugbhg
`g hl oisl orå`etisibrg
(oeveh), gf
hl qug
rgolg, hl oulh `gbg gftrgclrsg lh lorgg`ir prgf`lrei(<5).

(<7) Á`ga, tiai ,, pp. :7 y ::.

(<:) Ojr. OWL@R_ HHGFL, Olrhis gr`eflf`. grg grgomis
omis glhgs grgo mis glhgs `g lrlftl.
grgomis
Heal; G`etirl golt, <55:,
<5 5:, tiai , p. <>5.
(<3) ^W ^GL, g`greoi. Oiapg f`ei `g `g @grgomi
@grgomi Oeve
Oevehh gspüh . 2 g`eoeÿf. ^laphifl; G`etirelh Lrlf
lih
lü
i Lrlf--
zl`e, <53:, tiai , p. =?=.
(<=) Ojr. OLLFGHHL_, uehhgrai. @eooeiflr
@eooeiflreiei Ku
r á`e
á`eoi
oi Ghg
Ghgag ftlhh. <0 g`eoeÿf. ugfis Lergs; G`eti-
agftl G`eti -
relh ghelstl, 2>>>, p. ?<:.
(<5) Ojr. L, G`auf`i y LHGRF,
LHGRF , Kircg . Gh `grgomi rglh. ugfis Lergs; G`etirelh ^grrit, <55<,
`grgomi rglh
p. <>>.

2?
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Olbg sgül hlr qug hl

hl prgf`l,
prgf`l, oiai `grgom
`grgomii rglh `g clrlft
clrlftál,
ál, fi sg
gfoiftrlbl `gfe`l pir hl hgy, y floál `gh oiftrlti `g prgf`l (2>) gf gh qug
sg gstepuhlblf hls oif`eoeifgs `g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l, su phlzi, hl
pgrsifl l hl qug sg
sg mloál
mloál trl`eoeÿf
trl`eoeÿf `g hl
hl pisgseÿf
pisgseÿf `gh begf
begf augbhg
augbhg y gh `grg
`grg--
omi qug tgfál gh lorgg`ir `g slolr l hl vgftl gh begf plrl plclr oif su vlhir
hl ibhecloeÿf efouaphe`l.
Gf sáftgses, pir gh oiftrlti `g gapgüi i `grgomi rglh `g prgf`l sg
gftrgcl ufl oisl augbhg l uf lorgg`ir plrl hl sgcure`l` `g su orå`eti, `ìf-
`ihg hl jlouhtl` `g vgf`grhl y `g plclrsg prgjgrgftgagftg oif gh pri`uoti
`g hl vgftl se gh `gu`ir fi ouaphg su ibhecloeÿf(2<).

0.2. Olrlotgrgs `g hl prgf`l oiai `grgomi rglh

Hls olrlotgrásteols `g hl curl `g hl prgf`l, oiai `grgomi rglh `g

clrlftál, grlf hls secuegftgs;
- Hl prgf`l grl uf `grgomi rglh `g clrlftál, yl qug su flturlhgzl floál
`g hl gftrgcl `gh begf (lsá oiai `g sus pitgstl`gs `g `espiseoeÿf plrl
gh olsi `g uf gvgftulh efouapheaegfti `g hl ibhecloeÿf) qug mloál su
pripegtlrei l jlvir `gh lorgg`ir plrl qug lquåh ouaphl oif ufl ibhe-
ibhe -
cloeÿf lsuae`l jrgftg l åstg. Gstg `grgomi rglh `g clrlftál sg oifste-
oifste-
tuál sibrg ibkgtis jáseois y his orå`etis y tátuhis vlhirgs.
- Hl prgf`l ir`eflrel sg altgrelhezlbl l trlvås `g hl gftrgcl `g hl oisl lh
lorgg`ir i l uf tgrogri `gsecfl`i pir åh i pir labls plrtgs. Hl jugrzl
`g gstl clrlftál rgse`ál gf hl gftrgcl `g hl pisgseÿf `gh begf `l`i gf
prgf`l, yl qug oif ghhi pi`álf iourrer `is oisls; qug gh lorgg`ir sg

(2>) Gh `grgomi rglh `g clrlftál `gfiaefl`i prgf`l, usulhagftg sg gfoiftrlbl oiftgfe`i gf gh `gfiae-
fl`i oiftrlti `g prgf`l, gh oulh grl gh loti kurá`eoi l trlvås `gh oulh ufl pgrsifl sg ibheclbl l itrl
l gftrgclrhg uf begf augbhg oiai clrlftál `gh ouapheagfti `g ufl ibhecloeÿf. Oiai ti`i oiftrlti,
gh `g hl prgf`l pisgál ghgagftis ibkgtevis y subkgtevis. His preagris sg rgjgrálf lh ibkgti `gh oif-
oif -
trlti, aegftrls his sgcuf`is sif his rghltevis l his sukgtis qug oghgbrlf gh loti. Lmirl begf, olbg
rgoir`lr qug his olrlotgrgs `gh oiftrlti `g prgf`l grlf qug åstg grl ufi `g tepi loogsirei (pirqug
gstlbl hecl`i l hl clrlftál `g hl ibhecloeÿf prefoeplh, `g alfgrl qug oulf`i gstl `gslplrgzol, `gsl-
`gsl-
plrgogrì tlabeåf gh oiftrlti `g prgf`l), rglh (pirqug
(pirq ug sg pgrjgooeiflbl
pgrjgooei flbl oif hl gftrgcl `gh begf
b egf `l`i
gf clrlftál) y jiralh (pirqug gh oiftrlti `g prgf`l `gbál oifstlr segaprg gf `iouagfti gsoreti `g
jgoml oegrtl). L alyir lbuf`laegfti, sg pug`g oifsuhtlr l ^HLFH, Alrogh y R^GR,R^GR , Cgircgs.
rltl`i proteoi `g grgomi eeh rlfos lrlftls glhgs reagrl plrtg. rl`uooeÿf `g Alrei
@álz Oruz. Hl lblfl; Ouhturlh _.L., <50:, tiai , p. := y ss.
(2<) Ojr. _ALRRL WF@WRRLL, Alfugh. Prltl`i `g hls Oluo eifgs. _lftelci `g Omehg; G`etirelh
Kurá`eol G`elr Oifisur, <555, p. 2>7.

20
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

sgftál aìs sgcuri lh pisggr gh begf `l`i gf prgf`l (i qug slbál qug
gstlbl `gpisetl`i gf pi`gr `g uf tgrogri), y qug se sg efouaphál hl
ibhecloeÿf gsg begf sgrál slol`i l hl vgftl plrl qug oif gh rgsuhtl`i
`g `eoml vgftl sg plcug hl prgstloeÿf `gbe`l.

- Gstg `grgomi rglh flog `gh oiftrlti `g prgf`l, yl qug su jugftg gs hl

vihuftl` `g hls plrtgs gxprgsl`ls gf `eomi loti kurá`eoi. Gs `goer, flog
`g hl oifvgfoeÿf `gstefl`l l oifstetuer gh crlvlagf(22).
- Hl prgf`l tgfál hl olrlotgrásteol `g sgr loogsirel, yl qug sg trltlbl
`g uf begf qug sg crlvlbl gf clrlftál `g ufl ibhecloeÿf prefoeplh `g
oulhquegr tepi. Gf gjgoti, hl prgf`l gs ufl curl `g olrìotgr agrolf-
agrolf-
teh loogsirei l uf fgcioei prefoeplh gf `if`g gh `gu`ir sg oiapri-
agtg l sltesjlogr uf orå`eti, clrlftezlf`i oif begfgs augbhgs pri- pri -
peis i `g uf tgrogri, su ouapheaegfti, oif i sef
sef `gsphlzlaegfti `g hl
prgf`l, ouyl airltirel jlouhtl
jlouhtl lh lorgg`ir plrl
plrl gkgrogr su `grgomi rglh
`g clrlftál, pir his trìaetgs `g uf gkgoutevi rgaltlf`i hi pecfirl`i
y `gstefìf`isg su pri`uoti l gxtefcuer gf jiral prgjgrgftg gh orå`eti
itircl`i(2?).
- Hl prgf`l tgfál qug rgolgr fgogslrelagftg sibrg begfgs augbhgs. Gf
gsg gftgf`gr `gbál tgfgrsg gf ougftl qug fi sÿhi grlf begfgs augbhgs
lqughhis qug tgfálf tlh flturlhgzl, sefi qug tlabeåf hi grlf pir alf-
`lti `g hl hgy (i, hi qug gs hi aesai, pir ooeÿf hgclh). Gf gsg sgfte`i,
`gbál tgfgrsg gf ougftl hi gstlbhgoe`i pir gh lrtáouhi ==: `gh Oÿ`eci
Oeveh.
- Hl prgf`l grl ef`evesebhg, rlzÿf pir hl oulh aegftrls fi sg mlyl plcl`i
áftgcrlagftg
_ef gablrci, gh hl lrtáouhi
ibhecloeÿf
<>7:clrlftezl`l
`gh Oÿ`ecilqughhl fi pi`ál
Oeveh pgraetál olfoghlrsg.
plotlr gf oif-
oif -
trlrei. Lutirezl`l `iotrefl sgül hl sibrg
sibrg gh olrìot
olrìotgr
gr `g
`g ef`evese
ef`evesebehe`
behe`l`
l`
qug, lsá oiai plrl hl mepitgol, pug`g lralrsg qug gf hl prgf`l gh
`grgomi rglh pgsl eculhagftg sibrg ti`l hl oisl y sibrg ol`l ufl `g
hls plrtgs(20).

(22) HLJLEHHG, åotir y LHGRF

LHGRF,, Kircg irloei. Ip. o et., tiai , p. :5.
(2?) Ojr. ARL OL_L_HL, áotir uci. iftrlti `g rgf`l  su ggouoef oif flses gf hls
rp ì
o te
teools Ku
Ku
r esp
r `g
ù g fo
u foelhgss. gses
elhg gses plrl iptlr pir gh crl`i
crl `i `g heogfoel`i gf @grgomi.
@g rgomi. _lf Kiså; louh-
louh -
tl` `g @grgomi Wfevgrse`l` `g Oistl Reol, 2>>0, p. ?.
(20) Ojr. HLJLEHHG, åotir y LHGRF,
LHGRF, Kircg irloei. Ip. o et., tiai , p. 3<.

27
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

- Hl prgf`l rgolál sibrg gh begf prefoeplh y sus loogsireis. Ghhi, `gbe`i

lh prefoepei loogsireua sgque tur pr efoelh
lh g, oiftgfe`i gf gh lrtáouhi
p
==5 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh. ^ir ghhi, se sg mlbál `l`i gf prgf`l uf begf qug
pri`uoál jrutis, gh lorgg`ir pi`ál pgroeberhis, pgri gstlbl ibhecl`i l
eaputlr su vlhir lh plci `g his eftgrgsgs y clstis, y se gstis sg gxog-
`álf tlabeåf `gbál mlogrhi lh olpetlh.

0.?
. Jugftg
Jugftgss `g hl pr
prgf`
gf`l
l

L gstis
gstis gjgotis, mly qug `estefcuer gftrg hi qug sg oifioál oiai prgf`l
oif trl`eoeÿf y prgf`l sef trl`eoeÿf.
Gf hl prgf`l oif trl`eoeÿf `g hl pisgseÿf `gh begf, hl ûfeol jugftg `g
irecgf grl hl vihuftl` `g hls plrtgs, yl qug gstl floál `gh oiftrlti gf ver-
tu` `gh oulh sg gstlbhgoál hl ibhecloeÿf y su clrlftál, su phlzi y hl gftrgcl
`g hl clrlftál lh lorgg`ir, l hl pgrsifl qug åstg `gsecfg i l hl pgrsifl qug

sgül hgf
hgf lab
lablsls pl
plrt
rtgs
gs..
Gf olabei, gf hl prgf`l sef trl`eoeÿf `g hl pisgseÿf `gh begf gxestálf
`is jugftgs; hl vihuftl` `g hls plrtgs y hl hgy. Hl vihuftl` mloál flogr l hl
prgf`l sef trl`eoeÿf oulf`i lsá sg loir`lbl, oifstetuyåf`isg hl clrlftál l
trlvås `g su efsorepoeÿf gf gh rgcestri. L su turfi, hl itrl jugftg gstlbl oifs-
oifs -
tetue`l pir hl hgy, hl oulh `lbl irecgf l hl prgf`l sef trl`eoeÿf `g hl pisg-
pisg -
seÿf `gh begf gf his olsis gstlbhgoe`is pir gh lrtáouhi <<<=
<<<= `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh
(lpheolbhg pir `espiseoeÿf `gh lrtáouhi <>:7 `gh aesai Oÿ`eci oulf`i sg
trltlbl `g begfgs efsoretis i efsorebebhgs).
Olbg sglhlr qug ti`i gh Olpátuhi ^reagri `gh átuhi , `g hl _gooeÿf

Oulrtl `ghl Hebri

`g`eol`i `g his
hl prgf`l qug@grgomis Rglhgs (lrtáouhis
sg pgrjgooeiflbl <>77 lh`g
oif hl trl`eoeÿf <>::), gstlbl
hl pisgseÿf
`gh begf `l`i gf clrlftál (oif gxogpoeÿf `g his lrtáouhis <>75 y <>:7 `gh
Oÿ`eci Oeveh, rgjgre`is l hl gftrgcl kurá`eol y l hls prgf`ls hgclhgs). _ÿhi
sg gfolrclblf `g rgcuhlr hl curl `g hl prgf`l sef `gspisgseÿf his lr -
táouhis <>77, <>75 y <>:7 `gh oetl`i ougrpi `g hgygs.

0.0. Hls prgf`ls hgc

lh gs

Gh lrtáouhi <>:7 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh rgcuhlbl hi qug grl oifioe`i oiai
prgf`l pir `espiseoeÿf `g hl hgyhgy,, mloeåf`ihg lpheolbhg hls firals qug
rgcálf l hls mepitgols hgclhgs.

2:
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Gf gsg sgfte`i, sg gftgf`ál oiai prgf`ls pir alf`lti `g hl hgy l;

- Hl `gh augbhg gflkgfl`i sef qug su prgoei mlyl se`i plcl`i titlh-
agftg i hi mlyl se`i oif `efgri `g uf tgrogri.

- Hl `ghtrlblki
fl`i augbhg plrl ouyl pir
i altgrelhgs jlbreoloeÿf i rgplrloeÿf
gh oiftrltestl sg mlylqug
y pir gh aifti pripiroei-
pripiroei
gh oiae--
tgftg sg mlyl ibhecl`i l plclrhg.
- Hl `g his augbhgs l`quere`is gf ufl plrteoeÿf oif hl ibhecloeÿf `g
mlogr ufl lairtezloeÿf gf `efgri l his itris oipripegtlreis.
Oiagftlf`i gh oetl`i lrtáouhi <>:7 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, qug fi tgfál
prgog`gftgs gf gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh `gricl`i, Alesom vif uabih`t(27) sgül -
hlbl qug plrgoegrl qug `eomi prgogpti orglbl ufl prgf`l hgclh l jlvir `gh
gflkgflftg `g uf begf augbhg fi titlhagftg olfoghl`i i `gh oipripegtl-
rei i `gh pri`uotir `g uf begf augbhg, pgri ef`u`lbhgagftg fi gs augs-

trl `g rgsughtls.
ses fi hl agkir tåofeol hgceshltevl lh `gklr lbegrtls pisebehe`l`gs i mepÿtg-
mepÿtg -
Olbg `goer, l`gaìs, qug plrl qug sg pgrjgooeifg hl prgf`l hgclh, åstl
tgfál qug rgolgr sibrg begfgs augbhgs, pugs trltìf`isg `g prgf`ls sef trl-
`eoeÿf `g hl pisgseÿf, gh `grgomi `g pgrsgouoeÿf `gh lorgg`ir rgse`ál juf-
juf-
`lagftlhagftg gf hl efsorepoeÿf qug gxecg hl pisebehe`l` `g e`gfteolr his
begfgs. _e his oiftrltis `g oiaprlvgftl, `g ibrl, hioloeÿf `g sgrveoeis i
plrteoeÿf `g his qug `grevlblf hls prgf`ls hgclhgs fi tuvegsgf pir ibkgti
begfgs susogptebhgs `g efsorepoeÿf, fi floál prgf`l hgclh lhcufl. Grl oif-
oif -
`eoeÿf sustlfoelh `g hl prgf`l hgclh hl flturlhgzl aibehelrel `g hl clrlftál
y qug sgl susogptebhg `g efsorepoeÿf gf gh rgcestri rgspgotevi.

0.7. ^rgf`ls suogsevls

_e gh vlhir `gh begf `l`i gf clrlftál hi pgraetál, hl prgf`l pi`ál sgr -

ver plrl clrlftezlr vlrels ibhecloeifgs l jlvir `g `esteftis lorgg`irgs. Lsá
hi sglhlbl gh lrtáouhi <>:> `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh.
Gf itrls plhlbrls, grl pisebhg clrlftezlr vlrels ibhecloeifgs yl qug gh
`gu`ir pi`ál oifstetuer clrlftáls qug oirrgspif`lf lh vlhir `gh begf.

(27) Ojr. AL_O F WAH@, Huorgoel. Gf `eci eeh piseoef `g aiteis  oiagftlreis.
@ghel Rgvirg`i `g Alrslfi (Oiapehl`irl). Heal; url, <5=7, tiai , p. 200.

23
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

_ef pgrkueoei `g ghhi, hl hgy gstlbhgoál qug gf olsi `g oifstetuersg uf

begf gf clrlftál `g `evgrsls ibhecloeifgs, grl fgogslrei fiteolr l his
lorgg`irgs lftgreirgs, pgri gstis fi pi`álf ipifgrsg l hl oifstetuoeÿf `g
`eomls clrlftáls se gh vlhir `gh begf pgraetál qug ghhi jugrl pisebhg(2:).

eflhagftg, olbg sglhlr qug hl prgjgrgfoel `gh plci sg pri`uoál

tgfegf`i gf ougftl gh ir`gf gf qug sg mlbálf oifstetue`i hls prgf`ls, rlzÿf
pir hl oulh sg tgfál qug gstlr l hls jgomls
jgomls `g ol`l oiftrlti.

0.:. Hl alh `gfiaefl`l prgf`l tì

o etl

Gh lrtáouhi <>:? `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh sglhlbl qug hl prgf`l qug clrlf-
clrlf -
tezlbl ufl `gu`l sgrvál `g eculh clrlftál l itrl qug sg oiftrlecl gftrg his
aesais lorgg`ir y `gu`ir, segaprg qug hl fugvl `gu`l oifstg pir gsoreti
`g jgoml oegrtl.
Oiai sg ibsgrvl, fi sg trltlbl `g ufl `gohlrloeÿf `g vihuftl` tìoetl,
pir hi qug alh sg mlog gf hhlalr l gstl curl prgf`l tìoetl, aìs lûf oulf`i
sg sglhl qug grl fgogslrei uf `iouagfti `g jgoml oegrtl.
_ibrg gh plrteouhlr, Oul`ris ehhgfl(23) sgül hlbl qu
qug;
_ughg plslr qug gftrg his aesais lorgg`ir y `gu`ir sg laphág gh
aifti `g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l i sg oiftrlecl ufl fugvl ibhe-
ibhe-
cloeÿf clrlftezìf`ihl oif gh begf `l`i gf clrlftál. Gf gstis olsis,
se gh vlhir `g hl prgf`l hi oifsoegftg, sgrverì tlabeåf `g clrlftál l
hl fugvl ibhecloeÿf, pgri fgogslrelagftg hl fugvl ibhecloeÿf y su
clrlftál `gbgrìf oifstlr gf gsoreti `g jgoml oegrtl.

_g trltlibhecloeifgs
fugvls `g ufl sgcure`l` qug sg itircl
qug oiftrlkgsg lh `gu`ir
pu`egsgf plrlti`i
lbsirbgr eapg`er qug
gh vlhir
`g hl clrlftál.
Gsi sá, se hl firal fi mubegrl gxece`i uf fugvi `iouagfti `g jgoml
oegrtl, hl curl sá sgrál ufl prgf`l tìoetl pripelagftg `eoml.

(2:) Gstg tgal grl rgcuhl`i pir gh lrtáouhi <>:> `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh `g <5=0, gh oulh, l su turfi, rgoicál
hl jÿrauhl oiftgfe`l gf gh fuagrlh 5=: `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh `g <5?:, oif hl `ejgrgfoel `g qug gf gstg
Oÿ`eci hl logptloeÿf `g quegf tgfál gh begf gf su pi`gr grl fgogslrel.
(23) OWL@R_ HHGFL, Olrhis gr`eflf`. @grg @grgomis
omis Rglhgs.
Rglhgs. Ip. o et., tiai , p. <><.

2=
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

^ir su plrtg, Hljlehhg y Lhtgrefe(2=) sistegfgf, sibrg gstg plrteouhlr, qug

blki gstg fiabrg efl`goul`i sg `gsecfl ufl curl plrteouhlr, gf qug hls
jlouhtl`gs `gh `grgomi pecfirlteoei sg oifog`gf plroelhagftg . @g
lougr`i oif hl crlf alyirál `g his lutirgs sg ml eftgftl`i lkustlrsg l hl
eftgfoeÿf `g hls plrtgs; oulf`i ghhls oifvefegrif ufl sgcuf`l ibhecloeÿf
oif vgfoeaegfti lftgreir l hl clrlftezl`l oif hl prgf`l, gftgf`egrif qug
gstl lsgcurlsg tlabeåf l hl fugvl, sef gxprgslrhi `g uf ai`i oltgcÿreoi,
pugs mlbrál se`i ehÿceoi y oiftrlrei
oiftrlrei l hl gque`l` qug gh tetuhlr
tetuhlr `gh
`gh crlvlagf
crlvlagf
sg vegsg jirzl`i l `gsprgf`grsg `gh ibkgti, lftgs `g mlbgrsg gxtefcue`i gh
orå`eti uhtgreir´.

0.3
. Hl prgf`l sibrg orå`et
orå`etis
is y sibrg
sibrg tátuhis
tátuhis vlhirgs
vlhirgs gf gh Oÿ`ec
Oÿ`ec
i Oeveh
`g <5=
0

@gs`g gh @grgomi Rialfi hl prgf`l jug oiaprgfsevl fi sÿhi `g beg- beg-

fgs altgrelhgs sefi efaltgrelhgs, curlf`i `gftri `g gstis ûhteais his `grg-
`grg-
omis y, plrteouhlragftg, his orå`etis(25). Lsá, pi`álf sgr ibkgti `g prgf`l
his tátuhis vlhirgs y his orå`etis.
Gh lrtáouhi <>=3 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh sglhlbl qug se hl prgf`l oifsestál
gf tátuhis vlhirgs, gstis `gbálf sgr gftrgcl`is. Oulf`i sg trltlbl `g tátu-
his l hl ir`gf y fiaefltevis `gbál ibsgrvlrsg hl hgy `g hl altgrel. Gf gsg
gftgf`gr,, `is grlf his rgquesetis gxece`is pir gstl firal plrl gh pgrjgooei
gftgf`gr pgrjgooei--
flaegfti `g hl prgf`l `g tátuhis vlhirgs; qug sglf gftrgcl`is lh lorgg`ir,
gs `goer qug sg pri`uzol hl trl`eoeÿf `g su pisgseÿf, y qug, trltìf`isg `g
tátuhis l hl ir`gf i fiaefltevis, sg tiag gf oifse`grloeÿf hls firals `g hl
Hgy `g átuhis lhirgs.

@g itri hl`i, sgcûf gh lrtáouhi <>=0 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, sÿhi pi`álf
`lrsg gf prgf`l his orå`etis qug oifstgf gf efstruagfti, his qug `gbálf sgr
gftrgcl`is lh lorgg`ir
lorgg`ir..
Gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, gf su lrtáouhi <>=:, lh gstlbhgogr hls ibhecloeifgs
y `grgomis `gh lorgg`ir prgf`lrei, sgülhlbl qug åstg gstlbl ibhecl`i l

(2=) HLJLEHHG, åotir y LHGRF

LHGRF,, Kircg irloei. Ip. o et., tiai ,, pp. 57 y 5:.
(25) Ojr. HRG_ KWRG, Kulf rlfoesoi. is `grgomis
`grgomis rglhgs gf fugstrl hgceshloef. 2 g`eoeÿf. ul-
rglhgs gf ul-
tgalhl; G`etirelh Gstu`elfteh åfex, 2>>2, p. <<2.

25
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

oibrlr his eftgrgsgs `gh orå`eti u itrls prgstloeifgs pgreÿ`eols, eaputlf`i

su aifti preagri l his eftgrgsgs y clstis, `g sgr gh olsi, y hugci lh olpetlh.
Lseaesai, olbg lfitlr qug gh lrtáouhi <>== grl aìs gxpháoeti gf
oulfti l hls `gu`ls `g `efgri (hls `gfiaeflbl lfzl i oluoeÿf), lh `espi-
`espi-
fgr qug oulf`i hl prgf`l oifsestál gf orå`eti `g suals `g `efgri, gh lorgg-
`ir prgf`lrei tgfál `grgomi l oibrlr gh olpetlh g eftgrgsgs y `gbál gkgroe-
tlr hls looeifgs fgogslrels plrl qug gh orå`eti fi sg gxtefcl. _e gh lorgg`ir,
oiftefulbl `eomi fuagrlh, oibrlbl his eftgrgsgs i gh olpetlh, `gbál `gpise-
tlrhis gf ufl efstetuoeÿf `g orå`eti.
_ibrg gstg plrteouhlr, sg sglhlbl qug gxestál ufl ef`u`lbhg oiftrl`eo-
oiftrl`eo-
oeÿf gftrg gh lrtáouhi <>=: (qug oifog`ál lh lorgg`ir `grgomi l oibrlr his
eftgrgsgs `gh orå`eti g eaputlrhis lh plci `g eftgrgsgs y clstis, y hugci lh
olpetlh) y gh lrtáouhi <>== (qug hi ibheclbl l `gpisetlr his eftgrgsgs y olpe-
olpe -
tlh oibrl`is gf ufl efstetuoeÿf `g orå`eti) .
(?>)

Gh lsufti sg oiapheolbl auomi aìs oulf`i sg trltlbl `g gftgf`gr

`urlftg quå phlzi gxestál hl ibhecloeÿf `g `gpisetlr his eftgrgsgs y gh olpe-
olpe -
tlh oibrl`i. _upifg Oul`ris ehhgfl qug gstl ibhecloeÿf gxestál aegftrls
gh phlzi `g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l pir hl prgf`l fi mlyl vgfoe`i, pugs
se gsg phlzi vgfoeÿ y gh lorgg`ir ml oibrl`i olpetlh g eftgrgsgs `gh orå`eti
`l`i gf clrlftál, sgrál pisgg`ir `g ufl olfte`l` `g `efgri sibrg hl oulh
tgf`rál gh `grgomi `g mlogr gjgotevi su orå`eti, `g oifjirae`l` oif gh lr-
táouhi <>=5 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh.
Lmirl begf, olbg sgül hlr qug
qug his ghgag
ghgagftis
ftis `g
`g hl prgf`l
prgf`l `g efstruag
efstruagf-
f-
tis `g orå`eti grlf his secuegftgs;
- Hl prgf`l sibrg orå`etis grl jiralh, pugs sÿhi pi`ál `lrsg gf prgf`l
his orå`etis qug oifstlblf gf `iouagfti. Gsl gxecgfoel ibg`goál l hl
fgogse`l` `g qug gh efstruagfti gf gh qug oifstlbl gh orå`eti `l`i gf
prgf`l rgqugrál sgr trlfsjgre`i lh lorgg`ir, yl qug plrl qug gh lorgg
lorgg--
`ir pug`l oibrlr eftgrgsgs y gh olpetlh aesai, grl fgogslrei qug sg hg
mlyl trlfsjgre`i gh orå`eti.
- ^lrl qug hl prgf`l `g efstruagftis `g orå`eti surtegrl gjgotis, `eomis
efstruagftis `gbálf sgr gftrgcl`is lh lorgg`ir, l hl pgrsifl qug sg

(?>) Ojr. OWL@R_ HHGFL, Olrhis gr`eflf`. @grg

@grgomis
omis Rglhgs. . o et., tiai , p. <>0.
Rglhgs. Ip

?>
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

`gsecfg i `gpisetl`is gf ufl efstetuoeÿf `g orå`eti. Ghhi eapheolbl

qug fgogslrelagftg tgfál qug `lrsg hl trl`eoeÿf `g hl pisgseÿf `g his
`iouagftis.
- Gh lsgfteaegfti `gh oifstetuygftg grl errgviolbhg, yl qug sÿhi lsá sg
itirclbl sgcure`l` l hl prgf`l, pugs gh tetuhlr `gh orå`eti prgf`l`i
`gbál gxprgslr su oifsgfteaegfti gf jiral errgviolbhg. rlfsaetál
gftifogs su `grgomi lh oibri `gh orå`eti l jlvir `gh lorgg`ir, lh qug sg
gftrgclbl gh efstruagfti gf qug oifstlbl gh orå`eti.
- Gh `gu`ir `gh orå`eti pecfirl`i `gbál sgr fiteol`i plrl qug sgpl
qug su ibhecloeÿf hl pi`ál ouapher lftg gh lorgg`ir prgf`lrei. Gh `gu-
`gu-
`ir `gh orå`eti pecfirl`i tgfál oifioeaegfti `g qug mlbál se`i `l`i
gf prgf`l y, oifsecuegftgagftg, qug mlbál se`i trlfsjgre`i l jlvir `gh
lorgg`ir prgf`lrei l quegf, se jugsg gh olsi, tgf`rál qug plclr. @gbál
gftgf`grsg gh lrtáouhi <>=0 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh gf gh sgfte`i `g qug fi
grl fgogslrei gh lsgfteaegfti `gh `gu`ir `gh orå`eti pecfirl`i, sefi
grl suoegftg qug sgl fiteol`i gf jiral ef`ubetlbhg.
eflhagftg, rgsuhtl eftgrgslftg gh gfjiqug `g hvlrgz Olpgriomepe(?<),
oulf`i lral qug hl prgf`l sibrg orå`etis gs gf rglhe`l` ufl ogseÿf `g orå-
orå-
`eti se gh orå`eti jugsg pgoufelrei sg oiapgfsl hi oibrl`i pir hi `gbe`i, se
jugsg `g oisl gspgoáol hi oibrl`i qug`l oifstetue`i gf prgf`l (@. <?, 3,
<=) pgri gh `grgomi rglh `g prgf`l flog sihi pripelagftg (su rlfci gs gh)
`g hl rgogpoeÿf altgrelh `g hl oisl y fi `g hl ogseÿf `gh orå`eti.

0.=
. Hl prg
prgf`l
f`l `g `e
`efgr
fgri
i

Gh `lbl
`efgri lrtáouhi <>=5 `gh
`grgomi Oÿ`eci Oeveh
lh lorgg`ir `g gjgotevi
l mlogr <5=0 sglhlbl qug oif
su orå`eti hl prgf`l
olrci `g
lh
`efgri prgf`l`i.
Gf gsg gftgf`gr, se sg gftrgclbl lh lorgg`ir ufl olfte`l` `g `efgri (gf
aifg`l floeiflh i gxtrlfkgrl) gf clrlftál `gh ouapheaegfti `g ufl ibhe-
cloeÿf y gsl ibhecloeÿf fi grl ouaphe`l, gh lorgg`ir pi`ál mlogr gjgotevi
su orå`eti oif gh `efgri `l`i gf clrlftál.

(?<) Ojr. HLRG OL^GRO^, Kiså Lftifei. Our si `g

`g @grg
@grgomis
omis Rglhgs. Al`re`; G`etirelh Oeve-
Rglhgs
tls, <5=3, tiai , p. <?0.

?<
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

_ibrg gh plrteouhlr, Oul`ris ehhgfl(?2) sgül hl qug;

Hl prgf`l gf `efgri gs hl alh hhlal`l oluoeÿf, oif hl qug sg clrlf
clrlf--
tezl gh ouapheaegfti `g ufl ibhecloeÿf. Ghhl sg loistuabrlbl gf gh
oiftrlti `g hioloeÿf-oif`uooeÿf, gf qug gh lrrgf`ltlrei olse segaprg
plcl l`ghlftl`l
plci `g hl rgftl yufl
`gh olfte`l` `g `efgri
ouapheaegfti `g susgfibhecloeifgs
olhe`l` `g oiai
clrlftál `gh
lrrgf-
`ltlrei, olfte`l` qug lh flhezlr gh oiftrlti sg eaputlrì lh plci `g
his ûhteais agsgs `g rgftl´.
@g lougr`i lh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, hl prgf`l gf `efgri sÿhi `lbl `grgomi lh
lorgg`ir l mlogr gjgotevi su orå`eti, gs `goer,
`goe r, l plclr su orå`eti oif gh `efgri
prgf`l`i.. Gstg `grgomi ml `g eftgrprgt
prgf`l`i eftgrprgtlrsg
lrsg oiai hl utehezlo
utehezloeÿf
eÿf `gh `efgri
prgf`l`i plrl plclr hl ibhecloeÿ
ibhecloeÿff clrlftezl`l se gstl fi grl ouaphe`l (gs
`goer, gf rglhe`l` sg trltlbl `g hi qug sg oifiog oiai ploti oiaesirei).
@g gstl jiral, se hl ibhecloeÿf sg mlbál ouaphe`i gh lorgg`ir tgfál hl
ibhecloeÿf `g `gvihvgr gh `efgri `l`i gf prgf`l. Gf hl prìoteol grl sual-
sual-
agftg `ejáoeh gstlbhgogr qug gh lorgg`ir fi utehezÿ gh `efgri prgf`l`i, yl
qug tgfegf`i gh `efgri prgf`l`i gf su pi`gr hi mlbrál usl`i. Gs `goer, fi
sg mlbál gxpugsti lhcufl rlzÿf pir hl qug hl prgf`l fi grl ufl prgf`l errg-
errg-
cuhlr, qug `gs`g gh efeoei `gh oiftrlti oifog`ál lh lorgg`ir gh `grgomi l
utehezlr gh `efgri prgf`l`i, pugsti qug åstg sgrì gh `gstefi `g gstl ohlsg `g
prgf`l. ^ir ghhi, rgsuhtlbl pisebhg orggr qug `gbeÿ flogr hl ibhecloeÿf `g
`gvihvgr gh `efgri prgf`l`i aìs sus eftgrgsgs.
Lh rgspgoti, Ìhvlrgz Olpgriomepe(??) sgül hl qug
qug hl
hl prgf`
prgf`ll sibrg
sibrg ois
oisls
ls
cgfåreols, y gf plrteouhlr hl prgf`l `g `efgri, fi gs ufl prgf`l gf sgfte`i
kurá`eoi sefi gf sgfte`i goifÿaeoi. Gf hl ag`e`l gf qug hls oisls gftrggftrg--
cl`ls
ufl rgsgforå`eti.
clrlftálGhfi sif e`gfteolbhgs,
lorgg`ir fi gxestg
pgroebg `efgri pripelagftg
gf prgf`l prgf`l
(i ufl oisl sefi
fi e`gf-
teolbhg), sg oifvegrtg gf `gu`ir y fi gf pisgg`ir `g oisl lkgfl.

0.5. Hl priagsl `g prgf`l

labeåf `gfiaefl`i oiai prgoiftrlti `g prgf`l. Gh oifogpti prg- prg-

oiftrlti `g prgf`l, sÿhi tegfg sgfte`i oulf`i pir hl efvlseÿf `gh vuhclresai

(?2) OWL@R_ HHGFL, Olrhis gr`eflf`. @grg

@grgomis
omis Rglhgs.
Rglhgs. Ip . o et., tiai , p. <>=.
(??) Ojr. HLRG OL^GRO^, Kiså Lftifei. Ip. o et., p. <?0.

?2
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

kurá`eoi, sg pegr`g gh sgfte`i

sgfte`i `g hl pubheoe`l` oiai
oiai irecgf `g his `grgomis
rglhgs, y sg prgtgf`g juf`lr his aesais gf gh sihi oifsgfsus (?0).
Gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh fi rgcuhlbl gstl curl, gs `goer, fi sglhlbl fl`l
rgspgoti l hl priagsl `g prgf`l fe sibrg hl prgf`l `g ibhecloeifgs jutu-
jutu -
rls, pgri ghhi pi`ál `lrsg l trlvås `g uf loti kurá`eoi. ^ir gkgaphi, sg
pi`ál ijrgogr l`querer uf augbhg plrl oifstetuerhi gf prgf`l `gspuås `g
mlbgr oiftrlá`i hl ibhecloeÿf qug sg `gbg clrlftezlr. Gf gsg olsi, gh oetl`i
Oÿ`eci sÿhi rgcuhlbl his gjgotis qug `eomi mgomi pri`uoál. Lsá, sgcûf gh
lrtáouhi <>3< `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, se gh `gu`ir fi gftrgclbl gh begf ijrgoe`i
gf prgf`l i gh qug `gbál sustetuerhi, oifjirag lh lrtáouhi <>32 `gh aesai
Oÿ`eci, gh lorgg`ir pi`ál gxecer gh ouapheaegfti `g hl ibhecloeÿf prefoe-
prefoe -
plh lufqug gh phlzi fi mlyl vgfoe`i.
vgfoe`i.
Gh lrtáouhi <>3< oifoir`lbl oif gh efoesi 2 `gh lrtáouhi <=< `gh Oÿ`eci
Oeveh, qug gstlbhgoál hl ol`uoe`l` `gh phlzi oulf`i gh `gu`ir fi itirclbl
hls clrlftáls ijrgoe`ls.
Gstl curl grl auy eapirtlftg pir sus gjgotis pltreaifelhgs, pugs hl
agrl priagsl `g prgf`l pi`ál `gtgraeflr hl aivehezloeÿf goifÿaeol `gh
orå`eti.

0.<>. @grgomis y ibhec

lo eifgs `gh lor
lo lorgg`
gg`ir
ir prg
prgf`lrei
f`lrei

.<
0
.<
..<
>
.< @grgomis `gh lorgg`ir p
r gf`lrei

His `grgomis qug, sgcûf gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh `g <5=0, tgfál gh lorgg`ir

prgf`lrei, grlf his secuegftgs;

- Hl pisgseÿf `gh begf `l`i gf prgf`l.- Oiai sg rgougr`l, åstg grl uf

rgqueseti juf`lagftlh `g hl prgf`l ir`eflrel, gs `goer, lqughhl qug sg
pri`uoál oif hl trl`eoeÿf `gh begf. Olbg sglhlr
sglhlr qug sgcûf gh
gh `gricl`i
lrtáouhi <>:= `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, hl pisgseÿf `gh begf `l`i gf prgf`l
grl vetlh plrl gkgroetlr gh `grgomi l hl prgjgrgfoel y, l`gaìs, hl prg-
prg -
jgrgfoel `gh plci sg gfoiftrlbl subir`efl`l l hl pisgseÿf `gh begf
`l`i gf prgf`l. Gh ûfeoi olsi gf gh qug fi mlbrì pisgseÿf sgrì gf gh
olsi `g hl prgf`l sef trl`eoeÿf, gs `goer lqughhl efsoretl gf gh rgcestri

(?0) Ojr. OWL@R_ HHGFL, Olrhis gr`eflf`. @grg

@grgomis
omis Rglhgs. . o et., tiai , p. <>=.
Rglhgs. Ip

??
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

rgspgotevi, tlh oiai hi gstlbhgog hl ûhteal plrtg `gh tlabeåf `gricl`i

lrtáouhi <>75 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh. Olbg lfitlr qug gf gh @grgomi lrcgf-
lrcgf-
tefi(?7) sg ml gstlbhgoe`i hi secuegftg;
@gbg rgoifiogrsg qug gh pi`gr gjgotevi sibrg hl oisl y hl oulsepi-
oulsepi -
sgseÿf `gh `grgomi sif lquá pritgce`is `g ufl alfgrl gspgoelh rgs-rgs -
pgoti `g tgrogris y `gh pripegtlrei aesai. Ghhi mezi
mezi `goer l his lfte-
cuis qug gstg ûhteai mlbál og`e`i sus looeifgs lh lorgg`ir prgf`lrei
y gf gh `grgomi rialfi sg hg oifse`grlbl oiai pisgg`ir.
pisgg`ir. Fi l`aete-
l`aete-
ais qug gsti sg `grevg ûfeolagftg `g hl rgtgfoeÿf, l hl oulh oifse`g-
oifse`g-
rlais oiai ufl seaphg oifsgougfoel `g hl prgf`l, y fi oiai sus-
ogptebhg `g oifjuf`ersg oif ghhl.
- @grgomi l rgtgfgr gh begf `l`i gf prgf`l.- Gstl grl ufl oifsgougf
oifsgougf--
oel `g hl trl`eoeÿf `gh begf `l`i gf clrlftál y gs qug gh lorgg`ir rgtg-
rgtg -
fál gf su pi`gr gh begf aegftrls fi mlbál se`i plcl`l hl ibhecloeÿf.
Gstg `grgomi `g rgtgfoeÿf galflbl `g his lrtáouhis <>:3 y <<?< `gh
Oÿ`eci Oeveh (gstg ûhteai, mloál lpheolbhgs hls firals `gh `grgomi `g
rgtgfoeÿf l his olsis gf qug hl hgy hi rgoifioál). Lsá, sgcûf hi ûhteai,
gh lorgg`ir pi`ál efviolr su `grgomi l hl rgtgfoeÿf jrgftg l oulhquegr
pgrsifl aegftrls fi gstå plcl`l hl ibhecloeÿf prefoeplh.
- ^rgjgrgfoel gf gh plci.- His `grgomis rglhgs `g clrlftál sg olrlotgre
olrlotgre--
zlf pirqug oifog`gf prgjgrgfoel gf gh plci lh lorgg`ir. Hl prgf`l,
oiai `grgomi rglh `g clrlftál, oifog`ál lh lorgg`ir gh `grgomi l sgr
plcl`i prgjgrgftgagftg oif rgspgoti l his `gaìs lorgg`irgs. _ef
gablrci, mlbál qug gsohlrgogr `g quå ohlsg `g lorgg`irgs sg trltl,
yl qug se grlf lorgg`irgs agrlagftg quericrljlreis, gh rlfci `g hl
prgf`l
qug sg `gtgraeflbl
`g tgraeflbl
oifstlbl. pir hljrgftg
Gf ti`i olsi, jg oml loegrtl
jgoml `g his
hi s efstruagftis
his lorgg`irgsef struagftis gf his
qug fi tgfálf hl
pisgseÿf `g hl prgf`l, tgfál prgjgrgfoel gh lorgg`ir qug hl pisgál. _ef
gablrci, olbg `goer qug gstl prgjgrgfoel fi rgcál gh olsi `g hl prgf`l
efsoretl, yl qug hl prgjgrgfoel `gh lorgg`ir, lufqug tgfcl hl pisgseÿf
`gh begf, sg supg`etlbl l hl efsorepoeÿf. Oif rghloeÿf l gstg `grgomi,
vålsg tlabeåf hi gstlbhgoe`i pir his `gricl`is lrtáouhis <>:> y <>:=
`gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh.

(?7) HLJLEHHG, åotir y LHGRF

LHGRF,, Kircg irloei. Ip. o et., tiai , p. 30.

?0
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

- @grgomi l vgf`gr gh begf `l`i gf prgf`l.- Hl preaetevl jlouhtl` `gh

tetuhlr plrl oifsgrvlrsg ef`gfe`lagftg gf pisgseÿf `gh begf jug
rggaphlzl`l pir hl `g vgf`gr hl oisl y oibrlrsg sibrg gh prgoei, qug gf
uf oiaegfzi `grevlbl `g ufl ohìusuhl gspgoelh, y qug hugci sg oifse-
`grÿ eapháoetl gf gh oiftrlti oifstetutevi. Gf olabei, gh ploti oiaesi-
oiaesi-
rei, tlf jrgougftg gf uf prefoepei, lplrgog primebe`i pir Oifstlftefi
(Oirpus ures. Oÿ`. , tát. ?0, hgy ?)(?:). Hl prgf`l, oulf`i sg gfoif-
trlbl vecgftg, itirclbl lh lorgg`ir, oif`eoeiflhagftg, hls pitgstl`gs
`espisetevls `gh `gu`ir sibrg gh begf oif gh oulh sg oifstetuál hl clrlf-
tál. Gf gsg sgfte`i, ufi `g his `grgomis aìs eapirtlftgs `gh lorgg`ir
grl slolr l hl vgftl gh begf `g su `gu`ir y oif su vlhir mlogr plci `gh
orå`eti i ouapher hl ibhecloeÿf. Gh lrtáouhi <>:5 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh gstl-
gstl -
bhgoál `eomi `grgomi.
- @grgomi lh gkgroeoei `g hls looeifgs pisgsirels y rgevef`eoltirels.- Gh
lorgg`ir tgfál `grgomi l `gjgf`gr hl pisgseÿf y l rgoupgrlr gh begf
`l`i gf clrlftál
seÿf. Lsá oulf`i
hi gstlbhgoál efvihuftlrelagftg
gh lrtáouhi mlbál Oeveh.
<>3> `gh Oÿ`eci pgr`e`i su pisg-
Olbg sgl-
sgl-
hlr qug tgfál qug trltlrsg `g ufl pår`e`l efvihuftlrel `g hl pisgseÿf `g
hl oisl prgf`l`l, hl oulh pi`ál ibg`gogr l ufl pår`e`l i sustrlooeÿf.
_g trltlbl `g pår`e`l oulf`i gh lorgg`ir mlbál gxtrlvel`i hl pisgseÿf
`gh begf, sef slbgr `ÿf`g sg gfoiftrlbl åstg (rgsuhtl ohlri qug ghhi
fi `gbál ibg`gogr l ufl eftgfoeÿf i vihuftl` `g quegf tgfál gh begf).
@g itri hl`i, sg trltlbl `g ufl sustrlooeÿf oulf`i sg gstlbl jrgftg l
uf ribi pir plrtg `g uf tgrogri `gh begf augbhg `l`i gf clrlftál. Gf
gstis gsogflreis, gh lorgg`ir pi`ál gkgroetlr hls looeifgs `gstefl`ls l
hl `gjgfsl `g hl pisgseÿf oiai hl `gfiaefl`l hgcáteal `gjgfsl pisg-pisg-
sirel oiftgaphl`l
eftgr`eotis pir gh pisgsirels,
y hls looeifgs lrtáouhi 52>rgcuhl`is
`gh Oÿ`eci
pirOeveh, lsá oiai
gh lrtáouhi his
52< `gh
aesai ougrpi firaltevi.
- @grgomi l `lr pir vgfoe`i gh phlzi.- _e fi sg gftrgclbl gh begf ijrg
ijrg--
oe`i gf prgf`l i se fi sg hg sustetuál gf his olsis gstlbhgoe`is pir hl
hgy, gh lorgg`ir pi`ál `lr pir vgfoe`i gh phlzi `gh oiftrlti `g prgf`l
y pg`er gh plci `g hl ibhecloeÿf. Rgoir`gais qug hl prgf`l, gsteal`l
oiai ibkgti `g hl clrlftál, tgfál pir `gstefi lsgcurlr gh plci `g hl

(?:) Á`ga, tiai , p. 33.

?7
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

ibhecloeÿf lh vgfoeaegfti `g su phlzi. Lsá, sefi sg gftrgclbl gh begf

ijrgoe`i oiai prgf`l, hl ibhecloeÿf qug`lbl sef clrlftál. Gsti grl
oifioe`i oiai hl ol`uoe`l` `gh phlzi pir jlhtl `g clrlftál, gf `if`g
gh lorgg`ir pi`ál `lr pir vgfoe`i gh phlzi `g hl ibhecloeÿf y gxecer su
ouapheaegfti. @gbg tgfgrsg gf ougftl qug gh efoesi 2 `gh lrtáouhi <=<
`gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh `espifg qug gh `gu`ir pgr`grì gh phlzi se fi oua-
oua-
pheÿ oif itirclr hls clrlftáls qug mubegsg ijrgoe`i, prgogpti qug sg
gfougftrl tlabeåf oiftgfe`i gf gh `gricl`i lrtáouhi <>3< `gh aesai
ougrpi `g hgygs. Gf gsg ir`gf `g e`gls, gh gkgroeoei `g gstg `grgomi
eapheolbl qug gxestl uf oiftrlti `g prgf`l gf gh qug sg mlyl ijrg-
ijrg -
oe`i uf augbhg gf clrlftál `gh ouapheaegfti `g hl ibhecloeÿf, pgri
`eomi ijrgoeaegfti `gbál tlabeåf tgfgr uf phlzi l ouyi vgfoeaegfti,
se fi sg ouapheÿ oif itirclr hl clrlftál oirrgspif`egftg, gh lorgg`ir
pi`ál `lr pir vgfoe`i gh phlzi `g hl ibhecloeÿf prefoeplh y gxecer su
ouapheaegfti.

- @grgomi
lorgg`ir ltgfál
hl sustetuoeÿf `g`g
hl fgogse`l` hl tutghlr
prgf`l.-
su @gbg tgfgrsg
orå`eti, pugstigfqug
ougftl qug gh
hl clrlftál
`gh ouapheaegfti `g hls ibhecloeifgs `gh `gu`ir rgse`ál gf gh vlhir `gh
begf `l`i gf prgf`l. Gh lrtáouhi <>32 `gh Oÿ`eci
Oÿ`eci Oeveh gstlbhgoál trgs
supugstis; qug gh begf `l`i gf prgf`l fi grl `gh oifstetuygftg, qug gh
lorgg`ir mlyl se`i gfclül `i sibrg
sibrg hl
hl prgf`l
prgf`l y qug hl
hl prgf`l
prgf`l sgl
sgl efsu-
efsu-
oegftg pir ouhpl `gh `gu`ir i pir veoei `g hl pripel oisl. Gf gh preagr
supugsti fi gxestál clrlftál, yl qug se gh begf `l`i gf prgf`l fi pgr-
tgfgoál lh oifstetuygftg, grl pirqug fi gxestál clrlftál y gh lorgg`ir
tgfál `is lhtgrfltevls; i `lr pir vgfoe`i gh phlzi i pg`er qug hl prgf`l
sgl sustetue`l. Gf gh sgcuf`i supugsti, oulf`i gh lorgg`ir grl gfcl-
ülolhe`l`
`i sibrg
sib
`grghlhloisl
prgf`l,
prgf` l, sg
i gf su gftgf
gftgf`ál
`ál `g
`grgomi qugpripeg`l`.
qug gh gfclüi _epi`ál rl`eolr
sg `lbl gf hl
gf prgf`l
uf begf ouyl olhe`l` sg mlbál `gtgreirl`i, mlbál gfclüi y floál hl
ibhecloeÿf `g sustetuer hl prgf`l i sg pi`ál rgsihvgr gh oiftrlti lh `lrsg
pir vgfoe`i su phlzi. _e sg `lbl gf clrlftál uf begf
begf lkgfi, mloeåf`ihi
mloeåf`ihi
curlr oiai pripei, gxestál eculhagftg uf gfcli `gh lorgg`ir qug
ibheclbl l hl sustetuoeÿf `g hl prgf`l i oifog`ál gh `grgomi l `lr pir
vgfoe`i gh phlzi `g hl ibhecloeÿf. eflhagftg, gf gh tgrogr supugsti
oiftgfe`i gf gh lrtáouhi <>32 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, mlbál qug tgfgr gf
oifse`grloeÿf qug grl gh vlhir `gh begf `l`i gf prgf`l hl clrlftál `g
hl ibhecloeÿf, gs `goer, grl eapirtlftg hl oifsgrvloeÿf `g gsg vlhir.

?:
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Gf gsg sgfte`i, se gh begf sg `gtgreirlbl i sus oif`eoeifgs altgrelhgs

`esaefuálf, gh lorgg`ir tgfál `grgomi l qug gh begf augbhg `l`i gf
prgf`l sgl sustetue`i pir itri qug servl rglhagftg `g clrlftál plrl gh
ouapheaegfti `g hl ibhecloeÿf.

- _ustetuoeÿf pir `espiseoeÿf ku`eoelh.- Hl prgf`l pi`ál sgr sustetue`l

pir `espiseoeÿf `gh kugz. Gh lorgg`ir pi`ál gkgrogr gstg `grgomi plrl
lsgcurlr gh ouapheaegfti `g hl ibhecloeÿf, y gh `gu`ir i gh oifstetu-
oifstetu -
ygftg tlabeåf pi`ál mlogrhi oiai rgsuhtl`i `g su `grgomi `g pripeg-
`l` sibrg gh begf. _e gxestál hl fgogse`l` `g hebgrlr gh begf `g su oif-
oif -
`eoeÿf `g prgf`l plrl pi`gr `espifgrhi i uslrhi, sg pi`ál siheoetlr lh
kugz hl oiapribloeÿf `g hl gquevlhgfoel `gh begf `l`i gf prgf`l y
`gh sustetuti. ^gri gh pgtetirei rglhezl`i lh kugz fi grl sihlagftg plrl
oiapriblr hl gquevlhgfoel `g his begfgs, sefi l`gaìs plrl qug luti-
reog hl sustetuoeÿf. Gh lrtáouhi <>3? `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh rgoifioál gstg
`grgomi y tlabeåf oiftgaphlbl qug sg gxecál hl oiapribloeÿf ku`e- ku`e -
oelh `g hl fgogse`l`
fgs ku`eoelhgs; `g hl clrlftál.
hl fgogse`l` Gf sual,
`gh olabei y hl`is grlf hls oiapribloei-
gquevlhgfoel `g hls oisls
qug sg olabelf.
- @grgomi l pgroeber his jrutis `g hl prgf`l.- Gh lrtáouhi <>73 `gh Oÿ`eci
Oeveh sglhlbl qug his jrutis y luagftis `gh begf prgf`l`i pgrtgfg-
pgrtgfg -
oálf lh pripegtlrei, slhvi ploti gf oiftrlrei. ^ir su plrtg, gh aesai
Oÿ`eci sglhlbl gf su lrtáouhi <>33 qug se sg `lbl gf prgf`l uf begf
jruotájgri, gh lorgg`ir, slhvi ploti gf oiftrlrei i `espiseoeÿf gspgoelh
`g hl hgy, tgfál hl jlouhtl` `g mlogr suyis his jrutis eaputìf`ihis pre-
pre-
agri l his eftgrgsgs y clstis y `gspuås lh olpetlh. Hl lplrgftg oiftrl-
`eooeÿf `g hls `is firals sg gsohlrgoál oulf`i sg gftegf`g qug gh `grg-
`grg -
omi l his jrutis g eforgagftis pgrtgfgog lh pripegtlrei `gh begf `l`i
gf prgf`l y qug gs pir gsl rlzÿf qug oulf`i his pgroebg gh lorgg`ir
tgfál hl ibhecloeÿf `g eaputlrhis lh plci `g hls prgstloeifgs gf qug
oifsestg hl ibhecloeÿf, preagri l his eftgrgsgs y clstis y `gspuås lh
olpetlh. Gh pribhgal sg prgsgftlbl oulf`i hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l
fi grl ufl `gu`l gf `efgri qug `gvgfcug eftgrgsgs, fe tgfcl olpetlh
qug plclr, sefi itrl ohlsg `g ibhecloeÿf, oiai hi l`aetál gh lrtáouhi
<>77 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, y su ouapheaegfti sg clrlftezlbl oif uf begf
jruotájgri. Gftifogs, mlbál qug gstlr l hi loir`l`i pir hls plrtgs gf gh
oiftrlti `g prgf`l, gf gh qug sg gstlbhgoál firalhagftg gh råceagf `g

?3
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

pgrogpoeÿf y plci
plci `g
`g his jrutis. Gh lrtáouhi
lrtáouhi <>=:
<>=: `gh
`gh Oÿ`eci
Oÿ`eci Oeveh
Oeveh oif-
oif-
og`ál gstg aesai `grgomi lh lorgg`ir prgf`lrei `g orå`etis i tátuhis
vlhirgs, lh `espifgr qug gh lorgg`ir gstlbl ibhecl`i l oibrlr his eftg-
rgsgs `gh orå`eti u itrls prgstloeifgs pgreÿ`eols, eaputlf`i su aifti
preagri l his eftgrgsgs y clstis, y hugci lh olpetlh.
- @grgomi l sgr rgslroe`i pir his cltis `g oifsgrvloeÿf.- Gstg `grgomi
fi lplrgoál oifslcrl`i gf ufl firal gxprgsl `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, pgri
pi`ál sgr `g`uoe`i `gh
`g h oiftgfe`i `gh lrtáouhi
lrtá ouhi <>:3, gf gh qug sg gstl
g stl--
bhgoál qug fi sg pi`ál gxecer hl `gvihuoeÿf i gftrgcl `gh begf `l`i
gf prgf`l, aegftrls fi sg mlyl ouaphe`i áftgcrlagftg
áft gcrlagftg oif gh plci `g
hl ibhecloeÿf y sg mlylf rggabihsl`i his clstis rghltevis l hl `gu`l
y l hl oifsgrvloeÿf `gh begf. labeåf `espifál gh lrtáouhi <>=> qug
gh qug culr`l gh begf prgf`l`i gstlbl ibhecl`i l `gvihvgrhi oulf`i
sg ouaphl hl ibhecloeÿf y qug`gf sltesjgomis his clstis `g oifsgr-
vloeÿf, blki rgspifslbehe`l`. Oifse`grlf`i qug quegf ousti`el hl
prgf`l
hls tgfálrghltevls
firals hl oif`eoeÿf `g `gpisetlrei,
lh `gpÿseti hg grlfhitlabeåf
(prefoeplhagftg, lpheolbhgs
gstlbhgoe`i pir gh
lrtáouhi <=<7 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, qug gstlbhgog qug gh `gpisetlftg gstì
ibhecl`i l rggabihslr lh `gpisetlrei his clstis mgomis gf hl ousti-
`el y oifsgrvloeÿf `gh begf `gpisetl`i y l plclrhg hl ef`gafezloeÿf
oirrgspif`egftg).
- @grgomi lh oibri `gh olpetlh g eftgrgsgs.- Gh lrtáouhi <>== `gh Oÿ`eci
Oeveh oifslcrlbl uf `grgomi y ufl ibhecloeÿf `gh lorgg`ir lh sglhlr
qug oulf`i hl clrlftál `g hl ibhecloeÿf oifsestál gf uf orå`eti `g sual
`g `efgri, gh lorgg`ir tgfál gh `grgomi `g oibrlr gh olpetlh y tlabeåf
his eftgrgsgs, pgri tgfál tlabeåf hl ibhecloeÿf `g gkgroetlr hls looeifgs
fgogslrels plrl gvetlr qug sg gxtefcl gh orå`eti. Kufti l `eoml firal,
gh lrtáouhi <>=: `gh aesai ougrpi firaltevi `espifál qug Gh lorgg-lorgg -
`ir prgf`lrei gstì ibhecl`i l oibrlr his eftgrgsgs `gh orå`eti u itrls
prgstloeifgs pgreÿ`eols,
pgreÿ`eols, eaputlf`i su aifti preagri l his eftgrgsgs y
clstis, `g sgr gh olsi, y hugci lh olpetlh´.
- @grgomi l mlogr gjgotevi gh orå`eti oif olrci lh `efgri prgf`l`i.- Gh
lrtáouhi <>=5 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh gstlbhgoál qug hl prgf`l `g `efgri `lbl
`grgomi lh lorgg`ir l mlogr gjgotevi su orå`eti oif olrci lh `efgri
prgf`l`i. @g lougr`i oif gstl firal, gh lorgg`ir qug mlbál rgoebe`i
gf clrlftál `gh ouapheaegfti `g hl ibhecloeÿf ufl olfte`l` `g `efgri,

?=
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

pi`ál qug`lrsg oif hl olfte`l` prgf`l`l se hl ibhecloeÿf fi grl oua-

oua-
phe`l. Gstl prgf`l sihlagftg pi`ál `lrsg gf gh olsi `g clrlftezlrsg gh
ouapheaegfti `g ibhecloeifgs qug fi sglf hls `g `lr suals `g `efgri,
pugs olrgográl
olrgográl `g sgfte`i clrlftezlr
clrlftezlr oif `efgri uf pråstlai gf `efgri.
Gftifogs, oulf`i hl ibhecloeÿf prefoeplh (qug fi grl hl `g `lr sual
`g `efgri) fi sg mlyl ouaphe`i, hl hgy lutirezlbl lh lorgg`ir l qug-
`lrsg oif gh `efgri `l`i gf clrlftál. Rgsuhtl ohlri qug `eoml firal
veihlbl hl primebeoeÿf oiftgfe`l gf gh lrtáouhi <>:: `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh,
qug gstlbhgoál qug pir auomi qug fi sg mlyl ouaphe`i hl ibhecloeÿf,
gh lorgg`ir fi pi`ál lpripelrsg `gh begf `l`i gf prgf`l. _g orglbl,
pugs, hl pisebehe`l` `g qug sg `å uf ploti oiaesirei qug fgogslrel-
agftg rgsuhtlbl fuhi pir hl eapirtlfoel y flturlhgzl `g hl firal qug
hi primábg.

.<
0
.<
..2I
>
.2 h ec
b lo ei
lo eifg
fgss `gh
`gh lor
lorgg
gg`i
`irr rp gf`lrei

Hls ibhecloeifgs qug, sgcûf gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh `g <5=0, tgfál gh lorgg`ir

prgf`lrei, grlf hls secuegftgs;
- Hl ibhecloeÿf `g lbstgfgrsg `g uslr gh begf.- Gh lrtáouhi <>3: `gh
Oÿ`eci Oeveh gstlbhgoál qug gh lorgg`ir fi pi`ál uslr gh begf sef oif-
oif -
sgfteaegfti `gh oifstetuygftg. _e mlbál lbusi `gh begf prgf`l`i, tlfti
gh `gu`ir oiai gh oifstetuygftg, se sif `esteftis, pi`álf pg`er qug
gh begf sgl pugsti gf pi`gr `g uf tgrogri. Gstl ibhecloeÿf fi sÿhi
oiapriagtál lh lorgg`ir, sefi tlabeåf l quegf grl `gpisetlrei `gh
begf `l`i gf clrlftál. _ef gablrci, olbg lfitlr qug fi gxestál ufl
primebeoeÿf lbsihutl `g uslr gh begf se gxestál gh oifsgfteaegfti `gh
oifstetuygftg. Gf gsg olsi, y se sg pri`uoál lougr`i plrl gh usi, sur-
cálf itrls oiffitloeifgs `gpgf`egf`i `g se gh usi grl ifgrisi i crl-
tueti. _e grl ifgrisi, pi`ál gstlrsg lftg uf lrrgf`laegfti, y se grl
crltueti, lftg uf oiai`lti. Hls slfoeifgs l hl primebeoeÿf `g uslr gh
begf `l`i gf prgf`l gstlblf oiftgfe`ls gf his lrtáouhis <>3: y <>35
`gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh y grlf `is; gh olabei `gh `gpisetlrei y hl rgspifsl-
rgspifsl -
behe`l` pir hl pår`e`l i `gtgreiri. «Olbg sgül hl
hlrr qug
qug gstg
gstg `gb
`gbgr
gr fgc
fgcl-
l-
tevi grl ufi `g his prefoeplhgs qug pgslblf sibrg gh lorgg`ir, y qug gh
ibkgti `g hl prgf`l grl qug sg hg gftrgclbl gstreotlagftg oiai sgcu-
re`l` `g sugrtg qug hg gstlbl primebe`i fi sÿhi `espifgr `g åh, sefi
tlabeåf cizlr `gh aesai y mlstl gaphglrhi `g oulhquegr alfgrl. _us

?5
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

jlouhtl`gs grlf, gf tlh sgfte`i, agfirgs qug hls oifog`e`ls lh usujruo-

usujruo-
tulrei y lh usulrei´(?3).
- Hl ibhecloeÿf `g oifsgrvlr gh begf prgf`l`i.- Gh lorgg`ir
lorgg`ir,, i gh tgrogri
`gpisetlrei `g hl prgf`l, tgfál hl ibhecloeÿf `g oifsgrvlrhl. Rgoir`g-
Rgoir`g -
ais qug gf hl oifsgrvloeÿf `gh vlhir `gh begf rgse`ál hl clrlftál. ^ir
ghhi, eftgrgslbl lh lorgg`ir gsl oifsgrvloeÿf y qug gh begf `l`i gf
clrlftál fi pegr`l vlhir. Gh lrtáouhi <>3: `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh sglhlbl
qug gh lorgg`ir gstlbl ibhecl`i l oue`lr hl prgf`l oif hl `ehecgfoel
ir`eflrel rgqugre`l. aetál hl firal lh tgrogri `gpisetlrei y sÿhi gstl-
gstl-
bhgoál hl ibhecloeÿf
ibhecloeÿf plrl ghgh lorgg`ir,
lorgg`ir, pgri grl ohlri qug gh
gh `gpisetlrei,
sgl gstg lorgg`ir i gh tgrogri lsecfl`i, tgfál hl ibhecloeÿf `g oifsgr -
vlr gh begf siagte`i l `gpÿseti. Olbg lfitlr tlabeåf qug hl oif`e- oif`e-
oeÿf `g tetuhlr gf hl prgf`l fi `gbg sgr gqueplrl`l l hl oirrgspif`egftg
plrl itrls curls kurá`eols.
kurá`eols. ^rgsgftl oegrtl lflhicál
lflhicál oif hl `gh `gpise-
`gpise-
tlrei4 pgri aegftrls åstg prgstl uf sgrveoei l itri, gh lorgg`ir pecfirl-
teoei pritgcg lseaesai
aìs recurislagftg sus eftgrgsgs,
rgspifslbhg´ (?=) rlzÿf pir hl oulh sg hg oifse`grl
.
- bhecloeÿf `g `gvihvgr gh begf lh mlbgrsg ouaphe`i hl ibhecloeÿf.-
Gh lorgg`ir i gh tgrogri `gpisetlrei tgfálf hl ibhecloeÿf `g `gvihvgr
gh begf lh mlbgrsg ouaphe`i hl ibhecloeÿf. Ouaphe`i gh plpgh `g hl
prgf`l, ghhl ml `g sgr rgstetue`l lh pripegtlrei.
pripegtlrei. Gs `l`i
`l`i oifse`grlr gsti
oiai uf gjgoti `g hl gxtefoeÿf, pgri fi gs sihlagftg l rláz `gh plci
qug flog gstg `gbgr, yl qug hl rgstetuoeÿf gs gxecebhg ufl vgz qug ml
`gkl`i `g gxester gh orå`eti prefoeplh y, pir hi tlfti, gstg `grgomi rglh
`g clrlftál´(?5). Gh lrtáouhi <>=> `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh gstlbhgoál ghhi, lh
sgül hlr qug gh qug
qug culr`l
culr`l gh begf prgf`l`
prgf`l`ii gstlbl ibhecl
ibhecl`i
`i l `gvih-
`gvih-
vgrhi oulf`i sg ouaphl hl ibhecloeÿf y qug`gf sltesjgomis his cls- cls -
tis `g oifsgrvloeÿf, blki rgspifslbehe`l`. Hl `gvihuoeÿf, pir oegrti,
`gbál sgr hl aesal oisl `l`l gf prgf`l, aìs sus eforgagftis y jru- jru-
tis, yl qug gstis sif `gh pripegtlrei `g hl prgf`l `g lougr`i lh lrtáouhi
<>73 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh. labeåf gf gsg sgfte`i sg prifufoelbl gh lr-
táouhi <=?3, qug gstlbhgoál qug gh `gpisetlrei `gbg `gvihvgr gh aesai

(?3) Á`ga, tiai , p. =?.

(?=) Á`ga, tiai , p. =0.
(?5) `ga, tiai , p. =7.

0>
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

begf rgoebe`i gf gh gstl`i gf qug sg mlhhg lh aiagfti `g su rgstetu-

oeÿf oif sus loogsireis, jrutis y rgftls. Oif ti`i, oiai `gtgftl`ir
`g ufl oisl lkgfl, gh prgf`lrei gstì sukgti l ufl ibhecloeÿf oiftrlo-
oiftrlo -
tulh `g rgstetuer gsl ibhecloeÿf gs oif`eoeiflh, pugsti qug gh oifste-
oifste-
tuygftg fi pug`g gxecer hl rgstetuoeÿf sefi `gspuås `g mlbgr plcl`i
oiaphgtlagftg hl `gu`l, tlfti gf oulfti lh prefoeplh oiai l his eftg-
rgsgs y clstis, i, gf tåraefis aìs cgfgrlhgs, `gspuås `g qug hl `gu`l
qug`g gxtefcue`l pir lhcufl `g hls olusls l`aete`ls pir hl hgy4 mlstl
gsg aiagfti gh lorgg`ir tegfg gh `grgomi `g rgtgfoeÿf(0>).
- ^rimebeoeÿf `gh ploti oiaesirei.- Grl tlabeåf ibhecloeÿf `gh lorgg
lorgg--
`ir fi lpripelrsg `gh begf prgf`l`i, lufqug fi sg plcug hl `gu`l.
^ir auomi qug hls plrtgs mlylf plotl`i hi oiftrlrei, `eomi ploti grl
fuhi. sg grl gh lrcuagfti `gh lrtáouhi <>:: `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh. Oul-
Oul -
`ris Zehhgfl(0<) sgül hlbl qug;
Fi gs hl pripeg`l` `g hl oisl `l`l gf clrlftál hl qug lsgcurl gh
ouapheaegfti `g hl ibhecloeÿf, sefi aìs begf gs su vlhir.  hl rglhe-
rglhe-
zloeÿf `g gsg vlhir sÿhi hl pug`g gkgroetlr gh lorgg`ir pir ag`ei `g
hl vgftl `gh begf `l`i gf clrlftál. Gs pir gsi qug gf gh `grgomi rglh
`g clrlftál sg ipgrl ufl trlfsjgrgfoel `g hls pitgstl`gs `espisetevls
`gh `gu`ir l jlvir `gh lorgg`ir plrl gh olsi `g efouapheaegfti `g hl
ibhecloeÿf. _e hl ibhecloeÿf fi sg ouaphg, gh lorgg`ir tegfg `grgomi l
vgf`gr i mlogr vgf`gr gh begf `gh `gu`ir y oif su vlhir plclr hl ibhe-
cloeÿf, pgri fi tegfg gh `grgomi `g lpripelrsg `gh begf `gh `gu`ir gf
plci `g hl ibhecloeÿf.
ibhecloeÿf.
Rgspgoti l hl fuhe`l` gf gh olsi qug `eoml gstepuhloeÿf sg efohuyl gf
gh
hl oiftrlti, sg ml
oifstetuoeÿf `gsglhl`i,
hl prgf`l.oif
Gslrlzÿf, qugsgfimleapheol
fuhe`l` hl fuhe`l`
gstlbhgoe`i `g-
gf eftg-
eftg
rås `gh `gu`ir, pirqug hl ohìusuhl gsoif`g olse segaprg uf pråstlai
usurlrei, yl qug gh vlhir `gh ibkgti oifstetue`i gf prgf`l sgrì supg-
reir l hl `gu`l clrlftezl`l gsl primebeoeÿf, pir tlfti, gs `g ir`gf
pûbheoi (02).

(0>) ^HLFH, Alrogh y R^GR

R^GR,, Cgircgs. Ip. oet., tiai ]EE, p. <<2.
(0<) OWL@R_ HHGFL, Olrhis gr`eflf`. @gr@grgomis
gomis Rglhgs.
Rglhgs. Ip . o et., tiai , p. <0=.
(02) ^HLFH, Alrogh y R^GR
R^GR,, Cgircgs. Ip. oet., tiai ]EE, p. <<5.

0<
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

0.<<. @grgomis y ibhec

lo ei
lo eifgs
fgs `gh
`gh `gu`ir
`gu`ir prg
prgf`lr
f`lrei
ei

.< .<
0
.< ..<@
< grgomis `gh `gu
`i
ùir p
r gf`lrei

His `grgomis qug, sgcûf gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh `g <5=0, tgfál gh `gu`ir prgf-
prgf -
`lrei, grlf his secuegftgs;
- @grgomi l hl `espiseoeÿf `gh begf `l`i gf prgf`l.- Gh `ugi `gh
ibkgti pecfirl`i, sgl i fi `gu`ir `g hl ibhecloeÿf prefoeplh, oifsgrvl
su `grgomi `g pripeg`l`, lufqug gstå supreae`l su pisgseÿf i hi qug
ghhl rgprgsgftg. Hls jlouhtl`gs qug hg oiapgtgf qug`lf, `g gstg ai`i,
gf gxtrgai rg`uoe`ls´(0?). Rgsuhtl gve`gftg qug fi pirqug gh pripeg-
tlrei gftrgcug gh begf gf prgf`l pgr`ál hl jlouhtl` `g `espifgrhi. @g
lougr`i oif gh pripÿseti `g hl prgf`l, qug grl gh `g clrlftezlr gh oua-
oua-
pheaegfti `g ufl ibhecloeÿf, hl jlouhtl` `g `espiseoeÿf sg gfoiftrlbl
heaetl`l ûfeolagftg pir gh aifti `g hl ibhecloeÿf qug clrlftezlbl
y pir hl pisgseÿf `gh lorgg`ir i `gh `gpisetlrei. Gf gsg sgfte`i, gf
oulfti gh lorgg`ir pgraetál hl sustetuoeÿf `g hl prgf`l, i hl ir`gflbl
gh kugz, gh pripegtlrei (`gu`ir i oifstetuygftg) pi`ál `espifgr `gh begf.
@gbg tgfgrsg gf oifse`grloeÿf qug gh `grgomi rglh `g clrlftál oifste-
oifste-
tuál ufl trlfsaeseÿf oif`eoeiflh `gh `grgomi l hl `espiseoeÿf plrl gh
olsi `g efouapheaegfti gf gh plci `g hl ibhecloeÿf, pgri ghhi fi pre- pre-
vlbl lh pripegtlrei `g su `grgomi `g pripeg`l` sibrg gh begf `l`i gf
prgf`l, tlfti
tlfti grl lsá qug pi`ál sustetuerhl
sustetuerhl pir uf begf `g eculh vlhir
vlhir.. Gh
lrtáouhi <>3? `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh oifog`ál lh `gu`ir gh `grgomi l suste-suste-
tuer hl prgf`l, oiapriblf`i ku`eoelhagftg hl fgogse`l` `gh olabei y
hl gquevlhgfoel oif gh begf sustetuti.

- @grgomi l hl oifsgrvloeÿf `g hl prgf`l.- Gh `gu`ir i gh oifstetu

oifstetu--
ygftg tgfálf `grgomi l qug gh begf `l`i gf prgf`l sgl oifsgrvl`i, fi
sihlagftg pirqug su vlhir oifstetuál clrlftál `g hl ibhecloeÿf, sefi
tlabeåf pirqug gsg `grgomi floál `g su oif`eoeÿf `g pripegtlrei.
Lsá, gh `ugüi tgfál eftgrås gf qug gh begf `g su pripeg`l` sgl oifsgr-
vl`i gf hls agkirgs oif`eoeifgs, `g alfgrl qug gh lrtáouhi <>3: `gh
Oÿ`eci Oeveh eapifál lh lorgg`ir hl ibhecloeÿf `g oue`lr gh begf `l`i
gf prgf`l oif hl `ehecgfoel ir`eflrel rgqugre`l. @eoml ibhecloeÿf fi
grl sÿhi `gh lorgg`ir, sefi `gh `gpisetlrei gf cgfgrlh. Gf gsg gftgf`gr,

(0?) Ojr. HLJLEHHG, åotir y LHGRF,

LHGRF, Kircg irloei. Ip. o et., tiai , p. =3.

02
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

gh `grgomi l hl oifsgrvloeÿf `g hl prgf`l grl uf `grgomi `grevl`i `gh

`grgomi `g pripeg`l` plrl qug gh begf oifsgrvg su vlhir
vlhir.. @g itri hl`i,
hl oifsgrvloeÿf `gh begf `l`i gf prgf`l eftgrgslbl tlabeåf lh lorgg-
lorgg -
`ir, yl qug hl `esaefuoeÿf `gh vlhir `g hl prgf`l `esaefuál gh aifti
`g hl clrlftál.
- @grgomi l qug hl prgf`l fi sgl usl`l.- Gstg mgomi fi `gbál iourrer
sef lutirezloeÿf `gh pripegtlrei `gh begf. Hl pisgseÿf `gh `gpisetl-
`gpisetl -
rei grl ufl `g ousti`el, fi `g usi `gh begf. Gstg `grgomi gstlbl oifsl-
crl`i gf gh lrtáouhi <>3: `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh. @gbg lfitlrsg qug oulf`i
gh lorgg`ir mloál usi `gh begf y åstg sg `gsclstlbl i su vlhir `esaefuál
`gbe`i l `eomi usi, gh lorgg`ir grl rgspifslbhg. _e ghhi iourrál, gh `gu-
`gu-
`ir i oifstetuygftg tgfálf `grgomi l pg`er qug gh begf sgl sustetue`i,
tlh oiai hi gstlbhgoál hl sgcuf`l plrtg `gh miy `gricl`i lrtáouhi <>3:
`g fugstri Oÿ`eci Oeveh.
- @grgomi l his jrutis.- His jrutis `gh begf `l`i gf prgf`l pgrtgfg
pgrtgfg--
oálf l su pripegtlrei, slhvi ploti gf oiftrlrei. Lsá hi `espifál gh lr-
táouhi <>73 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh. labeåf `gbg oetlrsg gh lrtáouhi <>33
`gh aesai ougrpi firaltevi, yl qug gf olsi `g qug his jrutis his pgr-
oebl gh lorgg`ir, åstg tgfál hl ibhecloeÿf `g eaputlrhis lh plci `g hl
ibhecloeÿf, preagri l his eftgrgsgs y clstis, y `gspuås lh olpetlh.
- @grgomi l ipifgrsg l hl gxphitloeÿf `g hl prgf`l.- Hl sgcuf`l plrtg
`gh lrtáouhi <>3= `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, oifog`ál lh `gu`ir i lh pripegtlrei
`g hl prgf`l gh `grgomi `g ipifgrsg l su gxphitloeÿf se ghhl eapirtlbl
regsci plrl hl oifsgrvloeÿf `gh begf `l`i gf prgf`l, ipifeåf`isg l su
gxphitloeÿf se `eomi begf pi`ál `gtgreirlrsg i `gvlhulrsg. ^lrl gkgr-
ogr gstg `grgomi, sg fgogsetlbl qug gh begf sgl gxphitlbhg y qug mlyl
regsci privgfegftg `g `eoml gxphitloeÿf.
- @grgomi l olabelr `g `gpisetlrei.- _e gh begf `l`i gf prgf`l grl usl`i
pir gh lorgg`ir i gh `gpisetlrei sef oifsgfteaegfti `gh pripegtlrei, `gu-
`ir i oifstetuygftg, gftifogs sg pri`uoál uf lbusi `g hl prgf`l oiai
`grgomi rglh `g clrlftál. Gftifogs, gh pripegtlrei `g hl prgf`l tgfál gh
`grgomi `g pg`er qug gh begf sgl pugsti gf pi`gr `g itri `gpisetlrei.
- @grgomi l olabelr hl prgf`l.- Gstg `grgomi `grevlbl `g hl pripeg`l`
sibrg gh begf `l`i gf prgf`l. Eapheolbl qug gh `gu`ir i gh oifstetu-
ygftg pi`álf olabelr gh begf. sg grl gh lrcuagfti `gh lrtáouhi <>3?

0?
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

`gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, qug sglhlbl qug pug`g sustetuersg ufl prgf`l pir
itrl, oiapriblf`i ku`eoelhagftg hl fgogse`l` y hl gquevlhgfoel `g hl
clrlftál. Gh gkgroeoei `g gstg `grgomi oirrgspif`ál l oulhquegrl `g hls
plrtgs y sg trlaetlbl `g lougr`i oif hls rgchls `gh kueoei `g agfir
oulftál.
- @grgomi l gstlbhgogr prgf`ls suogsevls.- Gstg `grgomi gstlbl `gste `gste--
fl`i l itirclr lh `gu`ir i oifstetuygftg hl jlouhtl` plrl clrlftezlr
suogsevls ibhecloeifgs oif gh aesai begf `l`i gf prgf`l. Gftifogs,
rgqueseti gsgfoelh plrl gh gkgroeoei `g gstg `grgomi, grl qug gh vlhir `gh
begf `l`i gf prgf`l lsá hi pgraetl. Gstg tgal grl rgcuhl`i pir his lr-
táouhis <>:> y <>:? `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh.
- @grgomi lh vlhir lotulh `g hl prgf`l gf olsi `g pår`e`l.- Gh lrtáouhi
<>=< `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh sglhlbl qug se sg pegr`g gh begf `l`i gf prgf`l
pir ouhpl `gh `gpisetlrei, åstg `gbgrì `gvihvgr itri begf `g hl aesal
gspgoeg y olhe`l`, i plclr su vlhir lotulh l ghgooeÿf `gh lorgg`ir. Gs
`goer,, hl ipoeÿf pir oulhquegrl `g hls `is lhtgrfltevls gstlbl gf alfis
`goer
`gh lorgg`ir.
- @grgomi l rg`uoer hl prgf`l.- Gh lrtáouhi <>=? `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh sgl
sgl--
hlbl qug grl lpheolbhg l hl prgf`l hi `espugsti gf his lrtáouhis <<<7
y <<<: `gh aesai ougrpi firaltevi. @eomis fuagrlhgs rgcuhlblf hl
rg`uooeÿf `g hl mepitgol y sg rggrgf l qug gh aifti `g hl mepitgol
pug`g sgr rg`uoe`i
rg`uoe`i pir lougr`i gftrg
gftrg lorgg`ir y `gu`ir
`gu`ir.. Hl rg`uooeÿf
`gh vlhir `g hl clrlftál sg juf`lbl gf uf prefoepei `g gque`l`. @gbál
gxester segaprg rghloeÿf gftrg gh aifti `g hl ibhecloeÿf y gh aifti `gh
vlhir `gh begf `l`i gf clrlftál. _e hl clrlftál grl gxogsevlagftg supg-
supg-
reir l hl ibhecloeÿf, su vgftl oifstetuál uf pgrkueoei plrl gh `gu`ir,
pugsti qug ti`l ghhl sgrál rgspifslbhg pir gh slh`i `g hl ibhecloeÿf.
@g lmá qug rgsuhtlbl uf `grgomi `gh `gu`ir siheoetlrhg lh kugz hl rg`uo-
rg`uo -
oeÿf `gh aifti `g hl clrlftál, oulf`i mlyl `esaefue`i gh aifti `g hl
ibhecloeÿf.
- @grgomi l hl `gvihuoeÿf `g hl prgf`l.- _e hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l
mlbál se`i plcl`l, olrgoál `g ibkgti qug gh begf `l`i gf clrlftál pgr-
alfgzol gf pi`gr `gh lorgg`ir i `gh tgrogri `gpisetlrei. ^gri plrl hl
`gvihuoeÿf fi sÿhi grl suoegftg mlbgr plcl`i hl ibhecloeÿf clrlf-
clrlf -
tezl`l, `gbgf tlabeåf mlbgrsg sltesjgomi his clstis `g oifsgrvloeÿf

00
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

`gh begf prgf`l`i. Gh lrtáouhi <>=> sglhlbl qug gh qug culr`l gh begf
prgf`l`i gstlbl ibhecl`i l `gvihvgrhi oulf`i sg mlyl ouaphe`i hl
ibhecloeÿf y qug`gf sltesjgomis his clstis `g oifsgrvloeÿf, blki rgs-
rgs -
pifslbehe`l`. @g gsl jiral, fe lorgg`ir fe tgrogri `gpisetlrei pi`álf
fgclrsg l hl `gvihuoeÿf `gh begf prgf`l`i, yl qug se hi mloálf pi`álf
efourrer gf hl oiaeseÿf `gh `gheti `g lpripeloeÿf eháoetl. Olbg sglhlr
qug `gbálf `gvihvgrsg tlfti gh begf prefoeplh oiai his jrutis, pirqug
gstis sif loogsireis.

.< .2
0
.< ..2
< Hls ib
h ec
l o ei
lo eifg
fgss `g
`ghh `gu
`gù
`iir p
r gf`lrei

Hls ibhecloeifgs qug, sgcûf gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh `g <5=0, tgfál gh `gu`ir

prgf`lrei, grlf hls secuegftgs;
- bhecloeÿf `g gftrgclr hl prgf`l.- Gh `gu`ir tgfál hl ibhecloeÿf `g
mlogr gftrgcl `g hl oisl sibrg hl qug sg mlbál oifstetue`i hl prgf`l. Gf
hl prgf`lhlsefprgf`l
efsoreber trl`eoeÿf
gf ghgstl ibhecloeÿf
rgcestri fi gxestál, pgri
oirrgspif`egftg. Gstlsáibhecloeÿf
sg tgfál qug
sg
gfoiftrlbl oiftgfe`l gf his lrtáouhis <>77, <>7=, efoesi 2 y <>:3 `gh
Oÿ`eci Oeveh.
- bhecloeÿf `g sustetuer hl prgf`l.- Ghhi iourrál oulf`i gh vlhir `gh
begf fi oifstetuál clrlftál, sgl pir mlbgr `esaefue`i, i pir fi sgr
hl oisl `gh prgf`lftg. Gh lrtáouhi <>32 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh gstlbhgoál hl
ibhecloeÿf `g sustetuer hl prgf`l oulf`i gh prgf`lftg fi grl tetuhlr `gh
`grgomi `g pripeg`l` i oulf`i hl oisl mlbál `esaefue`i `g vlhir `g
tlh ai`i qug sg mloál efsuoegftg plrl clrlftezlr hl ibhecloeÿf.

- bhecloeÿf `g oifsgrvlr
l mgais sglhl`i qug hl hl pisgseÿf
clrlftál `g hl`ghprgf`l
`gpisetlrei i `gh lorgg`ir
oif trl`eoeÿflorgg`ir.-
.-
oifsestál
gf hl pisgseÿf `g hl oisl ouyi vlhir clrlftezlbl hl ibhecloeÿf. Oif hl
trl`eoeÿf `g hl oisl surcál hl fgogse`l` `g su oifsgrvloeÿf. Ghhi gstlbl
gf gh lrtáouhi <>:0 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh. Gstl ibhecloeÿf grl tlf eapir -
tlftg qug gh `ugüi `g hl oisl `l`l gf gf prgf`l fi pi`ál
pi`ál sustrlgrhl
sustrlgrhl `gh
huclr `if`g sg gfoiftrlbl `gpisetl`l efviolf`i su `grgomi `g pripeg-
`l`. Hl pisgseÿf `g hl oisl fi hg oirrgspif`ál, su pripeg`l` sá.
- ^lclr hl ibhecloeÿf.- Hl prgf`l oifstetuál clrlftál `g qug hl ibhecl
ibhecl--
oeÿf tgfál qug sgr plcl`l. Gh plci `gbál sltesjlogr áftgcrlagftg hl

07
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

prgstloeÿf gf qug oifsestál hl ibhecloeÿf. Gh plci, oiai slbgais, gs

ufl olusl `g gxtefoeÿf `g hl ibhecloeÿf. Lh fi gxester ibhecloeÿf, grl
effgogslrel hl gxestgfoel `g hl prgf`l.

0.<2. ^rgf`l sef trl`eoeÿf

Hl prgf`l sef `gsphlzlaegfti, i oif rgcestri, gs gh `grgomi rglh oifs-

tetue`i l jlvir `g oegrtis lorgg`irgs, ag`elftg hl efsorepoeÿf rgcestrlh, plrl
clrlftezlr oulhquegr ohlsg `g ibhecloeifgs, rgolygf`i prg`iaeflftgagftg
sibrg oisls augbhgs, `g pripeg`l` `gh `gu`ir, y qug qug`lf gf pi`gr `gh
`gu`ir i `g uf tgrogri `gsecfl`i(00).
grfìf`gz y ÿagz Hgi(07) sglhlf qug hls vgftlkls goifÿaeols `g gstl
ohlsg `g prgf`l sif auy crlf`gs, yl qug fi sg prevl `g fefcufl alfgrl
lh oifstetuygftg `gh usi y `esjrutg `g his begfgs ljgotl`is l hl clrlftál. Gf
auomls iolseifgs, tlhgs begfgs sif agrol`gráls, jrutis, aìquefls, altg-altg -
rels preals
ve`l`gs `gh y`l`ir
ûtehgs`gfgogslreis plrl
hl clrlftál4 pirghtlfti,
`gsgfvihveaegfti firalh
gh `gsphlzlaegfti `g`g hlsibkg-
tlhgs lote-
tis gftirpgográl i, gf gh pgir `g his olsis, eapisebehetlrál gh firalh `gvgfer
`g hl gftrgcl altgrelh `g hl oisl, aegftrls qug gf hl prgf`l oif rgcestri gh
oiftrlti pri`uog gjgotis gftrg hls plrtgs `gs`g gh aiagfti `g su oghgbrl-oghgbrl -
oeÿf y,
y, rgspgoti `g tgrogris, l plrter `g hl efsorepoeÿf rgcestrlh.
Hl lsá `gfiaefl`l prgf`l sef trl`eoeÿf, grl uf supugsti rgcuhl`i pir
gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh pgrulfi `g <5=0, g eapheolbl qug gh ibkgti `l`i oiai
clrlftál sg qug`lbl gf pi`gr `gh `gu`ir, gs `goer, `eomi begf fi grl gftrg-
cl`i lh lorgg`ir `g hl ibhecloeÿf prefoeplh.

reoi,Gf gstg
y gs qugpufti, rgsuhtl
ufl oisl eapirtlftg
gs hl mlogr
`gfiaefl`l ufl `estefoeÿf
mepitgol `g yir`gf
aibehelrel tgÿ -
tgÿ-
itrl auy
`esteftl hl hhlal`l prgf`l sef `gsphlzlaegfti. Hl preagrl tegfg oiai
ibkgti l begfgs pgrjgotlagftg e`gfteolbhgs g efsorebebhgs, gs `goer, lqug-
lqug -
hhis ouyl ef`eve`ulhezloeÿf pgraetg su pgrsgouoeÿf. Gftrgtlfti, hl prgf`l

(00) Ojr. LHH, ^luhl. «Oifse`grloeifgs sibrg hls clrlftáls aibehelrels `gs`g hl pgrspgotevl `gh sestgal
lrcgftefi´. Gf @grg
@grgomi
omi `gh Oiagroei Eftgrfloeiflh.
Eftgrfloeiflh. Pgals
Pgals y lotu
lh e`
e`l`gss. ugfis Lergs; lvlhál,
l`g
F» ?, 2>>7, p. 3.
(07) Ojr. GRFF@G, Rlyauf`i y AG HG, HG, Isvlh`i. rltl`i tgreoiproteoi `g grgomi
Oiagroelh . ugfis Lergs; G`etirelh @gplhal, <552, tiai -O, pp. <<5 y <2>.

0:
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

sef `gsphlzlaegfti rgolg sibrg augbhgs fi susogptebhgs `g pgrjgotl e`gfte-

e`gfte -
oloeÿf rgcestrlh y qug fi tegfgf pgrsgoutireg`l` lbsihutl(0:).
L tátuhi `g gkgaphi, pi`gais sglhlr
s glhlr qug hl Hgy `g epitgol Aibehelrel
Aibe helrel
y ^rgf`l sef @gsphlzlaegfti `g ^isgseÿf `g gfgzughl, `gh 2< `g jgbrgri
`g <53?, `estefcuál hl mepitgol aibehelrel y hl prgf`l sef `gsphlzlaegfti.
Hl `ejgrgfoel rl`eolbl gf hl flturlhgzl `g his begfgs y gf su oif`eoeÿf `g
phgfl pisebeh
pisebehe`l`
e`l` `g e`gfteo
e`gfteoloeÿf.
loeÿf. Lsá, y sgcûf `eoml hgyhgy,, sif ibkgti `g
mepitgol aibehelrel his gstlbhgoeaegftis agrolftehgs i jif`is `g oiagroei,
his lutiaitirgs, efohue`ls hls hioiaitirls y his vlcifgs `g jgrriolrreh, hls
lgriflvgs, hl alqueflrel ef`ustrelh y his `grgomis `g lutir. @g itri hl`i,
sif ibkgti `g prgf`l sef `gsphlzlaegfti, his jrutis pgf`egftgs y hl oisgoml
gspgrl`l, his jrutis i pri`uotis yl oisgoml`is i sgplrl`is `gh sughi, his
lfealhgs, hls agrol`gráls, hls oihgooeifgs,
oihgooeifgs , gftrg itris. Olbg tgfgr gf ougftl
qug hl `ejgrgfoel gftrg hls `is curls plrl hl hgy vgfgzihlfl fi sÿhi rgse`ál
gf hl flturlhgzl `g his begfgs, sefi tlabeåf gf gh f goifÿaeoi qug tgfálf.
Aegftrls qug hlimepitgol
oei, trlfspirtg ef`ustrel,aibehelrel
hl prgf`lrgolál si brg begfgs `g`eol`is
sibrg
sef `gsphlzlaegfti lh oiagr-
rgolg sibrg begfgs
jufcebhgs y oifsuaebhgs `g hl ef`ustrel lcrlrel, pgoulrel y jirgstlh(03).
Lmirl begf, orggais qug hl vgr`l`grl rlzÿf `g sgr `g hl prgf`l sef
`gsphlzlaegfti grl gh rgoifioeaegfti `g hl eapirtlfoel goifÿaeol y
sioelh `g uf begf augbhg, yl qug grl `gsglbhg qug åstg fi sg gfougftrg
gstìteoi y fi pug`l sgr lprivgoml`i efohusevg se `eomi begf clrlftezlbl
ufl ibhecloeÿf.
Rgoir`gais qug hl prgf`l oif trl`eoeÿf `g hl pisgseÿf `gh begf `l`i
gf clrlftál ltgf`ál l his eftgrgsgs `gh lorgg`ir. ^ir su plrtg, hl prgf`l sef
`gsphlzlaegfti ibg`gog l his eftgrgsgs `gh `gu`ir, yl qug pug`g vlhgrsg
`g hl gxphitloeÿf qug mlog `g `eomi begf plrl pi`gr ouapher oif gh plci
`g hl ibhecloeÿf.
Lsá, pugs, lh fi tgfgr gh lorgg`ir hl pisgseÿf `gh begf `l`i gf clrlftál,
su sgcure`l` rl`eol gf hl efsorepoeÿf qug sg rglhezÿ `g `eoml clrlftál. @gbg
tgfgrsg gf ougftl qug hl flturlhgzl `g uf `grgomi rglh `g clrlftál fi rgse`g
gf hl pisgseÿf, sefi aìs begf gf hl jlouhtl` `g pgrsgcuer gh begf gf pi`gr `g

(0:) OWL@R_ HHGFL, Olrhis gr`eflf`. @grg

@grgomis
omis Rglhgs. . o et., tiai , p. <3?.
Rglhgs. Ip
(03) Á`ga, tiai , pp. <3= y <35.

03
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

quegf gstå y mlogrsg plci oif su vlhir. Hl efsorepoeÿf tutghl his `grgomis
`g quegf efsorebeÿ hl clrlftál, lsá oiai gh `grgomi `g tgrogris. Gstl pisebe-
pisebe -
he`l` `g loog`gr l gsl efjiraloeÿf l trlvås `gh rgcestri grl eapirtlftáseal,
yl qug oif ghhi sg gvetlblf pisebhgs jrlu`gs.

@gftri `g tlh ir`gf `g e`gls, hl efsorepoeÿf grl gh gkg ogftrlh `g hl

curl `g hl prgf`l sef `gsphlzlaegfti.
_ef pgrkueoei `g hl eapirtlfoel `g gsl ai`lhe`l` `g prgf`l, fugstri
Oÿ`eci Oeveh sÿhi `g`eoÿ trgs lrtáouhis (<>77, <>7= y <>75) l hl rgcuhloeÿf
`g gstl curl.
Olbg rgoir`lr qug uf tgal eapirtlftg grl gh `g hl pisebehe`l` `g e`gf-
teoloeÿf `gh augbhg, ti`l vgz qug `eoml olrlotgrásteol `gh begf sgrvál plrl
pi`gr e`gfteolr gh begf augbhg `l`i gf clrlftál y grl fgogslrei plrl su
efsorepoeÿf. Lsá, se gh augbhg fi grl e`gfteolbhg, åstg fi pi`ál sgr efsoreti
y se fi grl efsoreti fi pi`ál sgrver oiai prgf`l sef trl`eoeÿf.
tri tgal qug `gbg rgoir`lrsg grl qug hl prgf`l sÿhi pri`uoál gjgo-
gjgo -
tis `gs`g su efsorepoeÿf gf gh rgcestri rgspgotevi. @eoml efsorepoeÿf pgr-
aetál hl prgjgrgfoel y hl pgrsgouoeÿf `gh begf `l`i gf clrlftál, `gbe`i l
hl pisebehe`l` `g sgr e`gfteol`i. Lsá, ufl `g hls vgftlkls aìs gve`gftgs
qug ijrgog gstl jiral `g orå`eti rglh, oifsestg gf hl prghloeÿf qug lougr`l
lh tetuhlr jrgftg l his `gaìs lorgg`irgs sibrg gh prgoei `g hls oisls ljgotl-
ljgotl-
`ls.  lh
lh `grgomi sg gftegf`g segaprg qug sg mubegrl pri`uoe`i hl efs-
efs-
orepoeÿf y l plrter `g gsg aiagfti(0=).

0.<?
. G xt efo
efoeÿ
eÿf
f `g hl pr
prgf`
gf`l
l

Gf prefoepei, his `grgomis rglhgs `g clrlftál sg gxtefcugf pir hls aes-

als olusls oiaufgs l hl cgfgrlhe`l` `g his `gaìs `grgomis rglhgs, oiai
pir gkgaphi
gkgaphi hl `gstruooeÿf
`gstruooeÿf `g hl oisl
oisl ibkgti `gh
`gh aesai, hlhl rgfufoel l åh, hl
oifsihe`loeÿf, gh ouapheaegfti `g hl oif`eoeÿf rgsihutirel blki gh tåraefi
kl`i. L`gaìs, sg gxtefcugf tlabeåf, `l`i su olrìotgr loogsirei, oulf`i
`eoml ibhecloeÿf lsgcurl`l sg gxtefcug pir oulhquegr olusl(05).

(0=) HLJLEHHG, åotir y LHGRF

LHGRF,, Kircg irloei. Ip. o et., tiai , p. <75.
(05) Ojr. LHLHL@GK, Alfugh. @grg omi Oeveh. 5 g`eoeÿf. lroghifl; G`etirelh Hebrgrál isom, tiai
@grgomi
, 2>>2, p. 32<.

0=
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Lsá, gf fugstri ag`ei, hl prgf`l pi`ál qug`lr sef gjgoti pir oeroufs-
oeroufs -
tlfoels privgfegftgs `g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l i pir oeroufstlfoels
gxtrlls l `eoml ibhecloeÿf. Gf gsg gftgf`gr, rgoifioe`i gh olrìotgr loog-
loog -
sirei `g hl prgf`l, gs gve`gftg qug ghhl tgraefl oulf`i sg gxtefcug gh orå-
`eti prefoeplh.
@gftri `g gstl háfgl `g pgfslaegfti, `gbgais rgoir`lr hi gstlbhgoe`i
pir gh `gricl`i lrtáouhi <>5> `gh Oÿ`eci
Oÿ`eci Oeveh;
Lrtáouhi <>5>.-
<>5>.- «Hl prgf`l sg lolbl pir;
<.- Gxtefoeÿf `g hl ibhecloeÿf qug clrlftezl.
2.- Lfuhloeÿf, rgsoeseÿf i rgsihuoeÿf `g `eoml ibhecloeÿf.
?.- Rgfufoel `gh lorgg`ir.
0.- @gstruooeÿf titlh `gh begf.
7.- Gxpripeloeÿf.
:.- Oifsihe`loeÿf
Oifsihe`loeÿf..

Lmirl begf,gfvlais
tis oiftgfe`is l rgjgrerfis
gh oetl`i fuagrlh;pir sgplrl`i l ol`l ufi `g his supugs-
supugs-

- Hl gxtefoeÿf `g hl ibhecloeÿf prefoeplh.- Gstg supugsti sg prgsgftlbl

oulf`i gf gh aiagfti gf qug hl ibhecloeÿf sg gxtefcuál, `gslplrgoál
tlabeåf gh `grgomi l hl prgf`l. Rgoir`gais qug fi gxestg uf `grgomi
loogsirei sef uf `grgomi prefoeplh y gs qug ghhi `gvegfg gf ufl oifsg-
ougfoel `gh prefoepei `g loogsireg`l`.
- Lfuhloeÿf, rgsoeseÿf i rgsihuoeÿf `g hl ibhecloeÿf.- Gstg supugsti rgs
rgs--
pif`g lh aesai prefoepei
prefoepei sglhl`i gf gh pìrrlji lftgreir,
lftgreir, y gs qug se hl
ibhecloeÿf prefoeplh grl lfuhl`l, rgsoef`e`l i rgsughtl, hl clrlftál rglh
(gs `goer, hl prgf`l) sgcuál hl aesal sugrtg.
- Rgfufoel `gh lorgg`ir
lorgg`ir.-
.- Gstl oluslh tgfál su irecgf gf hl vihuftl`
`gh lorgg`ir qug lsá oiai mezi flogr hl ibhecloeÿf lh `lr hl clrlftál,
pi`ál rgfufoelr
rgfufoelr l ghhl oifvertegf`i
oifvertegf`i hl ibhecloeÿf prefoeplh gf ufl ibhe-
ibhe-
cloeÿf seaphg, vlhg `goer
`goer,, sef clrlftál.
- @gstruooeÿf titlh `gh begf.- Gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh sg rgjgrál l oisls y fi l
`grgomis, pirqug his `grgomis fi sg `gstruygf. Gsti fi secfeolbl
qug sg mlyl gxtefcue`i hl ibhecloeÿf l clrlftezlr, yl qug `gslplrgoál
gh begf qug clrlftezlbl hl ibhecloeÿf, als fi hl ibhecloeÿf prefoeplh.

05
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Gf gsg sgfte`i, se sg pri`uoál hl `gstruooeÿf gh `gu`ir gstlbl ibhecl`i

l sustetuer gh begf pir itri qug clrlfteog hl ibhecloeÿf(7>).
- Hl gxpripeloeÿf.- _e sg oifogrtlbl hl trlfsjgrgfoel `g hl prgf`l l hl
ef`gafezloeÿf gxpripeltirel, flográl plrl gh `gu`ir hl ibhecloeÿf `g
gftrgclr gsl ef`gafezloeÿf lh lorgg`ir, oif hi qug hl prgf`l mlbrál
olabel`i `g flturlhgzl y sg mlbrál oifvgrte`i gf ufl prgf`l sibrg
`efgri, `g lougr`i l hi gstlbhgoe`i pir gh lrtáouhi <>=5 `gh Oÿ`eci
Oeveh. Lquá tlapioi sg gxtefcuál hl ibhecloeÿf prefoeplh, sÿhi gh begf
sibrg gh qug rgolg hl prgf`l.
- Hl oifsihe`loeÿf.- Gstg supugsti sg prgsgftlbl oulf`i gf ufl sihl
pgrsifl rgolálf
rgolálf hls oif`eoeifgs `g lorgg`ir y `gu`ir.
`gu`ir. Fl`eg pug`g sgr
lorgg`ir y `gu`ir `g sá aesai.

0.<0. iagftlreis flhgs

Oiai yl jug gxprgsl`i pir fisitris, his lrtáouhis qug rgcuhlblf hl

prgf`l gf gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh
Oeveh `g <5=0 (lrtáouhis <>77 l <>5>), miy sg gfougf
gfougf--
trlf `gricl`is pir hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel.
Hl gftrl`l gf vecgfoel `g gstl Hgy secfeoÿ hl `gricloeÿf `g hl curl
kurá`eol `g hl prgf`l gf gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh pgrulfi(7<) y hl orgloeÿf `g hl `gfi
`gfi--
aefl`l clrlftál aibehelrel. Gstg mgomi, oiai vgrgais, fi sÿhi ljgotÿ l hl
prgf`l oeveh, sefi qug tlabeåf lholfzÿ l `evgrsis tepis `g prgf`l rgcuhl-
rgcuhl-
`ls gf itrls firals.
_ef gablrci, y `gh brgvg `gslrrihhi qug mgais mgomi `g hl curl `g
hl prgf`l, fis prgcuftlais se gs qug hl pisturl `gh hgceshl`ir, gf gh sgf-
te`i `g `griclr hl vecgfoel `g gstl curl, jug logrtl`l y gs qug fis qug`l
hl `u`l `g se fi mubegrl se`i agkir lkustlr hl rgcuhloeÿf `g hl prgf`l gxes-
gxes-
tgftg, gf vgz `g orglr ufl clrlftál qug hl sustetuyl g e`glr ufl fugvl rgcu-
hloeÿf sibrg hl altgrel.

(7>) Ojr. GFFGOOGRW_, Hu`ec, DE^^, mgi`ir y SIHJ, Alrtef. Prltl`i `g @grgomi Oeveh. @grgomi
`g oisls EE. lroghifl; isom, <57<, vihuagf , p. 037.
(7<) Hgy F» 2=:33;
«@espiseoeifgs eflhgs.-
eflhgs.-

ug`lf `gricl`is his lrtáouhis <>77 lh <>5>, efohusevg, `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh .

7>
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

@g itri hl`i, y tlh oiai vgrgais aìs l`ghlftg, hl rgcuhloeÿf qug sg

tegfg `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel fi gs lbegrtlagftg `esteftl l hl `g hl prgf`l.
Gf gstreoti, hl clrlftál aibehelrel sg lsgagkl blstlftg l hl `gfiaefl`l
prgf`l sef `gsphlzlaegfti y, tlh vgz, mubegrl se`i aìs
aìs logrtl`i laphelr gh
alrcgf `g looeÿf `g gstl curl (fis rgjgreais l hl prgf`l), efohuygf`i gf
gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh lhcufis prgogptis aìs qug `gheaetlsgf lhcufls ougsteifgs
`g `eoml efstetuoeÿf, gf vgz `g orglr ti`l ufl firaltevl qug gf his mgomis
`gsoifiog pir oiaphgti ti`i gh `gslrrihhi `iotreflrei y kurespru`gfoelh
qug mlstl gh li 2>>: tgfál hl prgf`l.
@g mgomi, ufi `g his lutirgs `g gstg hebri(72) pubheoÿ gf gh li 2>>: uf
trlblki gf gh qug rglhezÿ `urls oráteols lh lrteouhl`i `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlf-
lrlf-
tál Aibehelrel, sglhlf`i qug gh prefoeplh grrir `g `eoml rgcuhloeÿf rgse`ál
gf gh gftrlaplaegfti qug tgfálf hls pgrsifls qug `gsglblf oifstetuer ufl
clrlftál `gbe`i l his `evgrsis rgquesetis y oistis qug ghhi eapheolbl. Lsá,
se hi qug sg busolbl grl qug gh trìoi oiagroelh jugsg ue`i, gf rglhe`l`
oif `eoml rgcuhloeÿf iourrál ti`i hi oiftrlrei.
Oif ti`i, siais `g hl ipefeÿf qug gf vgz `g priauhclr ufl hgy qug
rgcuhlrl ufl fugvl efstetuoeÿf, hi aìs l`goul`i mubegrl se`i `lr ufl ipir-
tufe`l` plrl `gslrrihhlr y pitgfoelr hl curl `g hl prgf`l sef `gsphlzl-
`gsphlzl-
aegfti, y gs qug orggais qug fi grl fgogslrei `gstgrrlr `gh ir`gflaegfti
kurá`eoi pgrulfi ufl curl oiai
oiai hl prgf`l qug gf itris plásgs
plásgs `gh auf`i
(prefoeplhagftg, lqughhis qug secugf ufl trl`eoeÿf kurá`eol seaehlr l hl
fugstrl) tegfg phgfl vecgfoel y gs `g sual eapirtlfoel.

7. IPRL_ FIRAL_ \WG RGCWHLRIF HL ^RGF@L

Hl hgceshloeÿf pgrulfl tlabeåf rgcuhÿ itris tepis `g prgf`ls `esteftls

l hl prgf`l oeveh. Gstls prgf`ls, `gfiaefl`ls «prgf`ls gspgoelhgs´, oif-
tgfálf ufl gstruoturl y rgchlagftloeÿf plrteouhlrgs, pugs fi sg gfoiftrl-
gfoiftrl -
blf vefouhl`ls l hls `espiseoeifgs lpheolbhgs l hl prgf`l oeveh. @g gstg
ai`i;

(72) Ojr. OL_HH RGRG, Alrei. Oif hl oihlbirloeÿf `g grÿfeol Risls grlstlef. fheses `g hl
lrlftl iehelrel. Heal; Gstu`ei Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg, ^lhgstrl G`etirgs y Oihgcei `g
g `g hl lrlftl
Fitlreis `g Heal, 2>>:.

7<
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

_e begf gh trltlaegfti cgfgrlh `g hl prgf`l gstì oiftgfe`i gf gh

Oÿ`eci Oeveh, gxestgf hgygs gspgoelhgs qug rgcuhlf `evgrsis tepis
`g prgf`l, ol`l ufl `g hls oulhgs gstlbhgog rgchls `esteftls sibrg su
oifstetuoeÿf, rgcestri y gkgouoeÿf.  Gs pir ghhi qug ti`ls lqug-
lqug-
hhls rgchls qug sg gfougftrlf gf gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh  qug`lf `g hl`i
oulf`i sg trltl `g hls prgf`ls gspgoelhgs´(7?).
Hi olrlotgrásteoi `g gstls prgf`ls gspgoelhgs rl`eolbl gf qug ti`ls
ghhls grlf prgf`ls sef `gsphlzlaegfti(70) (gs `goer, sef gftrgcl lh lorgg`ir i
l itri sukgti `g hl oisl prgf`l`l plrl su ousti`el) y ol`l ufl `g gstls tgfál
uf rgcestri gspgoelh. Lsá;
Hl prgf`l hhlal`l oeveh, qug gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh rgcuhl, fi gs hl ûfeol
prgf`l. ly vlrels itrls rgce`ls pir hgygs gspgoelhgs . i`ls
ghhls sif prgf`ls sef `gsphlzlaegfti; fi mly gftrgcl `g begf prgf-
`l`i, gh oulh qug`l gf pi`gr `gh `gu`ir. Hl gftrgcl gs rggaphlzl`l
pir gh rgcestri `g hl prgf`l´
prgf`l´(77).
Lmirl begf, l oiftefuloeÿf rglhezlrgais uf brgvg rgoirre`i pir hls
`gfiaefl`ls prgf`ls gspgoelhgs;
- ^rgf`l `g looeifgs y p
r gf`
gf`l
l `g looeif
looeifgs
gs efaltg
efaltgrel
relhgs
hgs

_g trltlbl `g hl oifstetuoeÿf gf prgf`l `g begfgs augbhgs efoirpÿrgis

(lkgfis lh ibkgti `g hl prgsgftg efvgstecloeÿf) y gstlbl rgcuhl`l gf gh lr-
táouhi <>5 `g hl Hgy gfgrlh `g _ioeg`l`gs, gh oulh se begf fi jug gxprg
gxprg--
slagftg `gricl`i, sg oifse`grl qug sá hi jug eapháoetlagftg. Ghhi, `gbe`i
l qug hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel `espusi qug qug`lblf `gricl-
`ls hls `espiseoeifgs hgclhgs y rgchlagftlrels rgjgrgftgs l hl prgf`l `g
looeifgs, lsá oiai ti`ls hls hgygs y `gaìs `espiseoeifgs qug sg ipif-
clf l `eoml hgy.

(7?) AF_GR @G GOFAL  FLFL_. loehetlf`i gh oogsi lh r`eti ag`elftg uf es-

tgal jol `g lrlftls glhgs . @iouagfti `g rlblki pubheol`i gf gh `elrei ioelh Gh ^gru lfi .
lfi
_gplrltl Gspgoelh. Heal, <: `g kuhei `g 2>><, pp. = y 5.
(70) _ibrg gstg tgal, gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh sglhlbl;
Lrtáouhi <>75.- _g gftegf`g gftrgcl`i kurá`eolagftg gh begf lh lorgg`ir oulf`i qug`l gf pi`gr `gh
`gu`ir. Hl gftrgcl kurá`eol sÿhi priog`g rgspgoti `g begfgs augbhgs efsoretis. Gf gstg olsi,
olsi , hl prgf`l
sÿhi surtg gjgoti `gs`g su efsorepoeÿf gf gh rgcestri rgspgotevi.
(77) LGF@
GF@LL LH@GLH@G,, Kircg. Ip. o et., p. 3:=.

72
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

- ^rgf`l agrolfteh

Hl prgf`l agrolfteh i oiagroelh grl lqughhl `erece`l l lsgcurlr gh ouaphe-

aegfti `g ufl ibhecloeÿf oghgbrl`l blki gh alroi `gh Oÿ`eci `g Oiagroei
pgrulfi. Lsá, gh lrtáouhi ?<7 `g `eomi ougrpi
ougrpi firaltevi sglhlbl;
Lrtáouhi ?<7.-
?<7.- «^rgf`l agrolfteh
Gs agrolfteh hl prgf`l qug tegfg pir ibkgti lsgcurlr gh ouapheaegfti
`g ufl ibhecloeÿf `g oiagroei.
Gstl prgf`l sg gfoiftrlbl rgcuhl`l `gftri `gh átuhi  `g hl _gooeÿf
 `gh oetl`i Oÿ`eci `g Oiagroei. @eomi tátuhi jug `gricl`i pir hl Hgy `g
hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel.
- ^rgf`l lc
r áoihl

Gstg tepi `g prgf`l gstlbl rgoice`l gf hl Hgy F» 20>2, y rgcuhlbl hl `loeÿf

gf prgf`l `g begfgs rghltevis lh fgcioei lcrlrei. Lsá;
Lsá;
Lrtáouhi 2.- «^ug`gf `lrsg gf prgf`l lcráoihl;
l).- Hls aìquefls g efstruagftis `g hlbrlfzl, usl`is gf hl lcreouh-
turl, gf gh bgfgoei, alfepuhloeÿf, trlfspirtg `g his pri`uotis lcrá-
lcrá-
oihls i gf gh oirtg i jlbreoloeÿf `g al`grls y hls `gaìs oisls aug-
aug-
bhgs `gstefl`ls l hl gxphitloeÿf rurlh
b).- His clfl`is `g ti`l gspgoeg y sus pri`uotis4
o).- His jrutis `g oulhquegrl flturlhgzl, altgrel `gh oiftrlti qug sg
rglhezl, yl sg mlhhgf pgf`egftgs i sgplrl`is `g hl phlftl4
`).- Hls al`grls oirtl`ls i pir oirtlr´.
Hl Hgy F» 20>2 jug pubheol`l gh ?> `g `eoegabrg `g <5<: y sg alf-
alf -
tuvi vecgftg mlstl su `gricloeÿf pir hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel.
- ^rgf`l ef`u
s trelh

Gstl curl sg gfoiftrlbl rgcuhl`l gf gh Olpátuhi  `gh átuhi grogri

`g hl Hgy F» 2?0>3, Hgy gfgrlh `g f`ustrels(7:). Gh oetl`i Olpátuhi rgcu-
hlbl hl oifstetuoeÿf gf prgf`l pir plrtg `g pgrsifls `g`eol`ls l hl loteve-
loteve -
`l` ef`ustrelh, `g alqueflrels, mgrrlaegftls, altgrels preals y `gaìs ghg-
agftis `g trlblki. Zglais;

(7:) @gbg sglhlrsg qug, l hl jgoml, hl Hgy gfgrlh `g f`ustrels sg gfougftrl vecgftg, mlbeåf`isg `gri-
`gri-
cl`i sÿhi gh olpátuhi  `gh átuhi grogri `g `eoml firal.

7?
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Lrtáouhi =2.- i`l pgrsifl flturlh i kurá`eol `g`eol`l l hl loteve-

loteve-
`l` ef`ustrelh pi`rì oifstetuer prgf`l ef`ustrelh sibrg hls alquefl-
rels, gquepis, mgrrlaegftls, ag`eis `g trlfspirtg y `gaìs ghgagftis
`g trlblki, lsá oiai hls altgrels preals, sgaeghlbirl`ls, his gfvl-
sgs y oulhquegr pri`uoti alfujloturl`i i gf priogsi `g alfujlo-
alfujlo-
turl, alftgfegf`i su tgfgfoel y usi´.
- ^rgf`l aefgrl

Gf gh olpátuhi  `gh átuhi @åoeai grogri `gh @gorgti Hgceshltevi F»

<>5, pistgreiragftg rgoice`i gf gh @gorgti _uprgai F» ><0-52-GA, sg
rgcuhlbl hl prgf`l gf gh ìabeti aefgri;
Lrtáouhi <35.-
<35.- «^ug`gf `lrsg gf prgf`l aefgrl ti`is his begfgs
augbhgs `gstefl`is l hl loteve`l` aefgrl y his aefgrlhgs gxtrlá`is
y/i bgfgoel`is `g pripeg`l` `gh ibhecl`i.
 rgf`l sirg or`eti
or`etiss  sirg `grgomis pir oirlr

Hl prgf`l sibrg orå`etis y sibrg `grgomis pir oibrlr sg gfoiftrlbl rgcu-

hl`l gf gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh. _u rgcuhloeÿf tgfál olrlotgrgs gspgoelhgs qug hl
`ejgrgfoelblf `g hl ohìseol prgf`l oeveh.
_ef gablrci, oiai sg slbg, ti`ls hls `espiseoeifgs `g hl prgf`l oif-
oif -
tgfe`ls gf gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh jugrif `gricl`ls pir hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál
Aibehelrel.
 rgf`l chilh  itlftg

Gstl prgf`l sg gfoiftrlbl rgcuhl`l pir gh lrtáouhi 2?< `g hl Hgy F» 2:3>2,

Hgy
`g hlgfgrlh `gh _estgal
_upgreftgf`gfoel `geflfoegri y `gh _estgal
lfol y _gcuris. Lsá; `g _gcuris y rcìfeol
Lsá;
2?<.- «iftrlti `g prgf`l chilh  itlftg
Lrtáouhi 2?<.-
^ir gh oiftrlti `g prgf`l chiblh y itlftg sg gstlbhgog uf crlvl
crlvl--
agf sibrg gh begf augbhg jufcebhg ljgoti l hl clrlftál, qug pgraetg
lh oifstetuygftg `espifgr `gh begf plrl sustetuerhi pir itri u itris
`g vlhir gquevlhgftg. Gh oifstetuygftg `g gstl prgf`l i gh rgprgsgf-
tlftg `g hl pgrsifl kurá`eol qug`l oifstetue`i gf `gpisetlrei `gh begf
i begfgs, y ibhecl`i l `gvihvgr itri u itris `g hl aesal gspgoeg
y olfte`l`, i, gf su `gjgoti, su vlhir gf `efgri. Gh `gpisetlrei qug

70
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

efouaphegrg oif gstl ibhecloeÿf sg gfougftrl efoursi gf gh `gheti tepe-

tepe-
ol`i gf gh lrtáouhi <5> `gh Oÿ`eci ^gflh.
^i`rì oifstetuersg prgf`l chiblh y itlftg sibrg oulhquegr tepi `g
lotevi jufcebhg, plrl clrlftezlr ipgrloeifgs ibkgti `g sgcuri `g orå-
orå-
`eti, `g hls jloturls oifjiral`ls i `g itrls ipgrloeifgs `g orå`eti.
Hl prgf`l chiblh y itlftg `gbgrì sgr efsoretl gf gh rgcestri gspgoelh
qug sg lbrl gf hl Ogftrlh `g Regscis qug, lh gjgoti, irclfeog hl _u-
_u-
pgreftgf`gfoel. Gh lorgg`ir tegfg prgjgrgfoel lbsihutl
lbsihutl sibrg gh vlhir
`g hl prgf`l chiblh y itlftg, y gxohuyg l ti`is his `gaìs lorgg`i-
lorgg`i -
rgs `gh oifstetuygftg, yl sg gfougftrg gstg ûhteai, i fi, ljgoti l uf
priogsi `g rggstruoturloeÿf
rggstruoturloeÿf i oifourslh.
Hi olrlotgrásteoi `g gstl prgf`l rl`eolbl gf qug sg oifstetuál «sibrg
begfgs jufcebhgs (oiai his
his ohlvis y tirfehhis `gh jgrrgtgri) qug pug`gf sgr
sustetue`is pir itris begfgs `g eculh flturlhgzl´(73).
Gh lrtáouhi 2?< `g hl Hgy gfgrlh `gh _estgal eflfoegri y `gh _es-
_es -
tgal `g _gcuris y rcìfeol `g hl _upgreftgf`gfoel `g lfol y _gcuris,
jug `gricl`i pir hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel. Hi aesai iourreÿ oif
gh efoesi `åoeai sgcuf`i `gh lrtáouhi <?2, y gh efoesi preagri `gh oulrti
pìrrlji `gh lrtáouhi <7=, pir oulfti mloálf rgjgrgfoel l hl prgf`l chiblh y
itlftg.
- ^rgf`l `g aitirgs `g lgriflvgs

L trlvås `g ghhl sg oifstetuál prgf`l sibrg ghgagftis aitreogs lgrifìute-

ois. Ghhl sg ubeolbl `gftri `gh Olpátuhi , ^rgf`l, epitgol, Gablrci
y ^rgjgrgfoel, `gh átuhi  `g hl Hgy `g Lgrifìuteol Oeveh `gh ^grû, Hgy
F» 232:<. Lsá;
Lrtáouhi 05.-
05.- «@g his eb gfgs sus ogpt ebh gs `g mepit gol y pr gf`l
05.< Hls lgriflvgs pug`gf sgr mepitgol`ls y his aitirgs `l`is gf
prgf`l, luf oulf`i gståf gf oifstruooeÿf, yl sgl pir gh pripegtlrei i
pir quegf gstå lutirezl`i
lutirezl`i plrl gsg gjgoti, `g lougr`i l hgy. hgy.
05.2 Gf his olsis `g prgf`l `g aitirgs, gh `gu`ir `gbgrì efjiralr
lh lorgg`ir gf quå lgriflvg sgrìf efstlhl`is y gh usi qug sg mlcl `g

(73) LGF@L LRLFL, rlfoesoi. Hl ohlseoloeÿf `g his begfgs. Gf iagflg l ircg gf-
`lüi Zlh`gz. Heal; if`i G`etirelh `g hl ^ifteoel Wfevgrse`l` Oltÿheol `gh ^grû, 2>>0, vihuagf ,
p. :52.

77
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

his aesais. Hl prgf`l `g aitirgs alftegfg sus gjgotis luf oulf`i

gstis sg efstlhgf gf ufl lgriflvg mepitgol`l l uf lorgg`ir `estefti´.
Gh rgjgre`i olpátuhi  `g hl Hgy `g Lgrifìuteol Oeveh `gh ^grû, lsá
oiai gh lrtáouhi 00 (firal qug mloál rgjgrgfoel l hl prgf`l) `g `eoml hgy
hgy,,
tlabeåf jugrif `gricl`is pir hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel.
- ^rgf`l `g `grgomis efaltgrelhgs

_g trltlbl `g ufl prgf`l ouyi ibkgti grl uf `grgomi `g alrol. Gh lr-

táouhi <:7 `gh @gorgti Hgceshltevi F» =2?, Hgy `g ^ripeg`l` f`ustrelh,
gstlbhgoál;
Lrtáouhi <:7.-
<:7.- «Gh `grgomi sibrg hl alrol pi`rì `lrsg gf clrlftál
i sgr ibkgti `g itris `grgomis. Lseaesai, hl alrol pi`rì sgr altg-
rel `g gablrci oif ef`gpgf`gfoel `g hl gaprgsl i fgcioei qug hl
usl y sgr ibkgti `g hls ag`e`ls qug rgsuhtgf `gh priog`eaegfti `g

gkgouoeÿf.
agftg ^lrl
surtlf qug jrgftg
gjgotis his `grgomis y ag`e`ls
l tgrogris, `gbgrìfsglhl`is
efsorebersgprgog`gftg-
prgog`gftg
gf gh rgces-
rgces-
tri oirrgspif`egftg´ (hl oursevl gs fugstrl).
Gh oetl`i @gorgti Hgceshltevi F» =2?, gf hl lotulhe`l`, tlabeåf sg
gfougftrl `gricl`i.
Gf sáftgses, gf gh ir`gflaegfti kurá`eoi pgrulfi gxestálf ifog tepis `g
prgf`ls gspgoelhgs;
- ^rgf`l `g looeifgs.
- ^rgf`l `g looeifgs efaltgrelhgs.
- ^rgf`l oiagroelh.
- ^rgf`l lcráoihl.
- ^rgf`l ef`ustrelh.
- ^rgf`l aefgrl.
- ^rgf`l sibrg `grgomis pir oibrlr
oibrlr..
- ^rgf`l `g orå`etis.
- ^rgf`l chiblh y itlftg.

7:
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

- ^rgf`l `g aitirgs.
- ^rgf`l `g `grgomis efaltgrelhgs.
Gf gsg sgfte`i, pi`rál lralrsg qug gh alroi hgclh `g clrlftáls sibrg

ybegfgs aug
augbhgs
olrgftg `gbhgs
uflgf gh sestgalufejirag
rgcuhloeÿf kurá`eoi pgrulfi
pg
y rulfi grl,
oifkuftl (7=)oulf`i agfis,
. agfis, `espgrsi

(7=) _ef pgrkueoei `g hi sglhl`i, olbg `goer qug gf gh ^grû, lftgs `g hl gftrl`l gf vecgfoel `g hl Hgy `g hl
Clrlftál Aibehelrel, sg tgfálf `egoesegtg rgcestris gf his qug pi`ál efsorebersg ufl clrlftál sibrg beg-
fgs augbhgs4 l slbgr;
<. Rgcestri `g Zlhirgs rgprgsgftl`is pir lfitloeifgs `g ougftl.
2. Rgcestri `g ^rgfsl Lcráoihl.
?. Rgcestri `g ^rgf`l `g Aitirgs.
0. Rgcestri `g ^rgf`l f`ustrelh.
7. Rgcestri `g @grgomis Aefgris.
:. Rgcestri esolh `g gftls l ^hlzis.
3. Rgcestri ^rg`elh Wrblfi.
=. Rgcestri Gspgoelh `g ^rg`eis Rurlhgs.
5. Rgcestri `g Flvgs.
<>. Rgcestri `g Lgriflvgs.
<<. Rgcestri Zgmeouhlr.
<2. Rgcestri `g hl ^ripeg`l` Efaugbhg.
<?. Rgcestri `g ^rgf`l hiblh y hitlftg.
<0. Rgcestri `g Alrols.
<7. Rgcestri `g ^ltgftgs.
<:. Rgcestri
Rg cestri `g @grgomis `g Lutir.
<3. Rgcestri `g Gablroloeifgs ^gsqugrls.
_gcûf subrlylblf his pripuhsirgs
pripu hsirgs `g hl lotulh Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel, ol`l ufi `g gstis rgces-
rgces-
tris, lhcufis `g pripeg`l` y itris `g clrlftál, tgfál sus pripels rgchls y rgquesetis4 y lh fi gfoif-
trlrsg eftgroifgotl`is, sg orglbl gh regsci `g qug uf aesai begf jugsg efsoreti gf aìs `g uf rgcestri.
Gh gkgaphi aìs ohlri grl qug uf vgmáouhi lutiaitir pi`ál sgr, lh aesai tegapi, ibkgti `g prgf`l
vgmeouhlr y `g ufl prgf`l chiblh y itlftg (OL_HH RGRG, Alrei. Oif hl oihlbirloeÿf `g
grÿfeol Risls grlstlef. fheses `g hl g `g hl lrlftl iehelrel. Ip. o et., pp. <5 y 2>).

73
 OL^ÁPWHI
OL ^ÁPWHI EE
EE
HL C LRLF
LRLFP
P Á L AI
AIBEH
BEHEE LRE
LRELL

<. LHCWFI_ OIA

OIAGFP
GFPLREI_
LREI_ GF PIR
PIRFI
FI LH G_\WGAL @G
CLRLFPÁL_ _IBRG BEGFG_ AWGBHG_ ZECGFPG GF GH
^GRÛ

L efeoeis `gh sechi ]]E, hls oráteols lh sestgal `g clrlftáls sibrg beg-
fgs augbhgs gapgzlrif l er aìs lhhì `gh ìabeti lol`åaeoi. Gf gsg ir`gf
`g e`gls, ag`elftg Rgsihuoeÿf _uprgal F» <=2-2>><-G-<>, gxpg`e`l gh
: `g kufei `g 2>><, gh Aefestgrei `g Goifiaál y eflfzls orgÿ ufl oiae-oiae -
seÿf gfolrcl`l `g ghlbirlr uf `elcfÿsteoi `gh alroi efstetuoeiflh lpheol-
lpheol -
bhg l hl oifstetuoeÿf, rgcestri y gkgouoeÿf
gkgouoeÿf `g clrlftáls rglhgs.
Hls rgoiagf`loeifgs gaete`ls pir `eoml oiaeseÿf jugrif rgoice-
rgoice-
`ls pir gh Aefestgrei `g Goifiaál y Jeflfzls. Lsá, gh pufti `g plrte`l
sg gfoiftrÿ gf gh @iouagfti `g rlblki tetuhl`i loehetlf`i gh loogsi
lh orå`eti ag`elftg uf sestgal golz `g clrlftáls rglhgs (gf l`ghlftg,
gh
F» @iouagfti `g rlblki),
2?7-2>><-G/<>, `g jgoml gxpg`e`i
kuheiag`elftg
<: `g kuhei `g 2>><. Rgsihuoeÿf Aefestgrelh
Gh @iouagfti `g rlblki(75) rgufeÿ hls prefoeplhgs oráteols lh sestgal
`g clrlftáls, gftrg hls qug `gstlolf, ltgf`egf`i l his fgs `g gstg trlblki,
hls secuegftgs;
- «Gh alroi hgclh
l h rgs
gstl
tl vl
vlhi
hirr l hls
hls l
cr lft
ftál e helrels. _if piois
álss aib
aib
his tepis `g begfgs qug sg itirclf gf clrlftál gf gh ^grû. lh gs gh

(75) AF_GR @G GOFAL  FLFL_. loehetlf`i gh oogsi lh r`eti ag`elftg uf es-

tgal jol `g lrlftls glhgs . Ip
. o et., p. 0.

75
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

olsi `g his prg`eis, his `gpÿsetis blfolreis, his vgmáouhis y, gf

agfir ag`e`l, hl alqueflrel. Lqughhls gaprgsls ouyis lotevis aìs
eapirtlftgs gstìf oifstetue`is pir itris tepis `g begfgs, oiai pug`g
sgr gh olsi `g hls ougftls pir oibrlr, efvgftlreis, efsuais, eftlfce-
bhgs i oisgomls, qug`lf jugrl `gh sestgal `g clrlftáls y, gf oifsg
oifsg--
ougfoel, tegfgf uf loogsi aìs heaetl`i lh flfoelaegfti.
- l auhtepheoe`l
auhtepheoe`l`
` `g rgcestr
rgcestris
is mlog efgjol gh sestgal Gf gh ^grû
gxestgf <3 rgcestris pûbheois `g begfgs, his qug lh fi gfoiftrlrsg
oifgotl`is gftrg sá priviolf qug gh aesai begf pug`l sgr itircl`i
vlrels vgogs gf clrlftál sef qug gh lorgg`ir hi sgpl. L`gaìs, ol`l
ufi `g gstis rgcestris tegfg sus pripels rgchls y rgquesetis, hi oulh
jiagftl alyir oifjuseÿf. Gstl auhtepheoe`l` `g rgcestris tlabeåf
cgfgrl qug gf fugstrl hgceshloeÿf gståf `espgrsls 2? ohlsgs `g clrlf
clrlf--
táls, ol`l ufl `g hls oulhgs tegfg sus pripels rgchls sibrg oifstetu-
oeÿf, rgcestri y gkgouoeÿf.

- i ml ggouoef oiftrlotulh i gtrloiftrlotul

gtrloiftrlotulh
h Fugstri alroi
hgclh primábg gh ploti oiaesirei y heaetl sgrelagftg gh ploti `g gkg-
ouoeÿf gxtrlku`eoelh. Gsti eape`g qug hls plrtgs `goe`lf ouìh gs gh
agolfesai aìs goifÿaeoi qug pgraetl lh lorgg`ir rgoupgrlr su
`efgri lftg hl jlhtl `g plci.
- l ggouoef u`eoelh gfolrgog gh or`eti Hl gkgouoeÿf ku`e-
ku`e-
oelh gf gh ^grû tial uf priag`ei `g gftrg <= y 20 agsgs. Gstl
`gairl cgfgrl uf eaploti gf hl (seo) tlsls `g eftgrås. _e gh lorgg-
lorgg -
`ir pu`egrl rgoupgrlr su `efgri gf uf phlzi pru`gfoel (seo) `gh (seo)
trgs agsgs `gs`g qug sg pri`uog gh efouapheaegfti,
efouapheaegfti, hl tlsl `g eftg-
rås lpheolbhg lh flfoelaegfti pi`rál rg`uoersg mlstl gf trgs puftis
pirogftulhg s´.
pirogftulhgs´.
Oiai sg pug`g ibsgrvlr, hl hgceshloeÿf `g clrlftáls gf gh ^grû gstlbl
oiapugstl pir uf sestgal oifjusi (auhtepheoe`l` `g rgcestris), efoiaphgti
(fi ti`is his begfgs pi`álf sgr ibkgti `g prgf`l), hgfti (gkgouoeÿf ku`e-
ku`e-
oelh qug tialbl gftrg <= y 20 agsgs), g efgoegftg (primebeoeÿf `g ploti
oiaesirei).
rgftg l ghhi, gh @iouagfti `g rlblki pripusi hi secuegftg;
- i`is his begfgs `gbgf gstlr gf lptetu` `g sgrver oiai clrlftál.

:>
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

- _g `gbgrál ufejiraezlr his `esteftis tepis `g clrlftál rglh.

- _g `gbgrál ufejiraezlr hls rgchls sibrg rlfcis y prgjgrgfoels (trltl
(trltl--
aegfti `g supugstis `g oifourrgfoel `g lorgg`irgs).

- _g `gbgrál orglr gh Lromevi feoi `g Lvesis `g lrlftál.

- _g `gbgrál efogftevlr agolfesais lhtgrfltevis l hl gkgouoeÿf ku`eoelh.
^istgreiragftg, gh <0 `g alyi `g 2>>? sg pubheoÿ hl Rgsihuoeÿf
Aefestgrelh F» <==-2>>?-G/<>, hl oulh oiftgfál gh Lftgpriygoti `g Hgy
`g Clrlftál Aibehelrel´. Gstg lftgpriygoti rgoicál vlrels `g hls pripugs-
tls rglhezl`ls gf gh @iouagfti `g rlblki.
eflhagftg, hl Hgy jug pubheol`l gf gh `elrei ioelh Gh ^grulfi
lfi gh <
`g alrzi `g 2>>:. _ef gablrci, su vecgfoel oifjirag l su ^reagrl @es-
@es -
piseoeÿf eflh qug`ÿ suspgf`e`l mlstl fivgftl
fivgftl `áls `gspuås `g su pubhe-
pubhe-
oloeÿf gf oifsgougfoel, tuvi lpheoloeÿf gjgotevl l plrter `gh < `g kufei
`g 2>>:.
_gcûf ibsgrvlrgais gf gh secuegftg pufti, hl gftrl`l gf vecgfoel `g
hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel rgprgsgftÿ ufl ai`eoloeÿf oiaphgtl `gh
gsqugal hgclh `g hls clrlftáls gf gh ^grû.

2. HL HG
HGUU @G HL CLRLFPÁL AIBEH
AIBEHELREL
ELREL U _W EA^LOPI GF
GH IR@GFLAEGFPI W K RÁ
RÁ@@EO
EOII OEZ
OEZEH
EH

Oiai yl sg sglhÿ, hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel tgfál oiai ibkg-

ibkg-
tevi ai`eolr gh gsqugal `g hls clrlftáls vecgftg gf gh ^grû, mloeåf`ihi
goegftg, rìpe`i, seaphg g eftgcrlh.
Gf gstg loìpetg `gslrrihhlrgais, gftifogs, hls prefoeplhgs ai`eoloei-
ai`eoloei-
fgs qug cgfgrÿ gstl Hgy gf hl firaltevl y, oifsgougftgagftg, gf hl rglhe-
rglhe -
`l` pgrulfls.
L gstis gjgotis, `gbgais sglhlr qug hl `gsoi`eoloeÿf `g hl
clrlftál aibehelrel y su rgcuhloeÿf gf ufl firal `ejgrgftg lh Oÿ`eci
Oeveh, fi ljgotl fefcufl firal i prefoepei `gh ir`gflaegfti hgclh. Ghhi,
sgcûf hi gstlbhgoe`i pir gh lrtáouhi ==< `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, gh oulh `espifg

:<
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

qug his `grgomis rglhgs pug`gf gstlr rgcuhl`is fi sÿhi gf gh rgjgre`i

ougrpi firaltevi(:>).
Lmirl begf, oif gh ibkgti `g rgoir`lr gh eaploti qug tuvi hl Hgy `g
hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel gf gh ir`gflaegfti oeveh pgrulfi, rgsuhtl fgogslrei
gstlbhgogr sus prefoeplhgs olrlotgrásteols qug sif, l su vgz, hls prefoeplhgs
effivloeifgs qug trlki oifseci, l slbgr;

efaug -
2.<. i`eoloeÿf `gh gsugal ohlseoltirei `g begfgs augbhgs g efaug-
bhgs gstlbhgoe`i pir gh Oÿ`ec
i Oeveh

Lftgs `g hl gftrl`l gf vecgfoel `g hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel, gh

gsqugal hgclh pgrulfi oifse`grlbl l hls flvgs, lgriflvgs, piftifgs, phltl-
jirals, g`eoeis itlftgs, gstloeifgs `g jgrriolrrehgs, váls `g jgrriolrrehgs y
gh altgrelh ri`lftg ljgotl`i lh sgrveoei `g jgrriolrreh oiai begfgs efaugbhgs.
Lsá hi gstlbhgoál gh lrtáouhi ==7 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh gf su vgrseÿf ireceflh(:<).
Hl rlzÿf pir hl oulh gstis begfgs grlf oifse`grl`is efaugbhgs rl`e-
rl`e-
olbl gf qug crloels l `eoml rgcuhloeÿf pi`álf sgr mepitgol`is.
Oiai sg slbg, hl mepitgol, l `ejgrgfoel `g hl prgf`l, fi eapheolbl gh
trlshl`i `gh begf y gsl lusgfoel `g trlshl`i pgraetál lh `gu`ir vlhgrsg `gh
begf plrl ouapher oif gh plci `gh
`gh orå`eti qug mlbál
mlbál lsuae`i. Lsá, rgreåf-
rgreåf-
`isg lh olsi `g hls flvgs, Lvgf`lü
Lvgf`lüi Lrlfl sgül hl(:2) (gf uf oiagftlrei pgr-
jgotlagftg lpheolbhg plrl ti`is his `gaìs supugstis) hi secuegftg;

(:>) Lrtáouhi ==<.- _if `grgomis rglhgs his rgcuhl`is gf gstg Hebri y itrls hgygs´ (hl oursevl gs fugstrl).
_ef
fl`lpgrkueoei
rgspgoti`g hi sglhl`i,
l qug `gbgais
su oiftgfe`i mlogr
sgl ufi fitlr`gqug
pripei hisgf hl Hgy `g
`grgomis hl lrlftál Aibehelrel fi sg `eog
rglhgs.
(:<) Lrtáouhi ==7.- _if efaugbhgs;
<.- Gh sughi, gh subsughi y gh sibrgsughi.
2.- Gh alr, his hlcis, his ráis, his alflftelhgs, hls oirregftgs `g lcul y hls lculs vevls i gstlfoelhgs.
?.- Hls aefls, olftgrls y `gpÿsetis `g me`riolrburis.
.- Hls flvg
0
.- flvgss y lgr
lgriflv
iflvgs.
gs.
7.- His `equgs y aughhgs.
 is piftifgs phltlirals  g`ejoeis itlftgs
3.- Hls oifogseifgs plrl gxphitlr sgrveoeis pûbheois.
=.- Hls oifogseifgs aefgrls ibtgfe`ls pir plrteouhlrgs.
 ls gstloeifgs  ls `g grriol
grriolrrehgs
rrehgs  gh altgrelh ri`lftg
ri`lftg lgotl`i lh sgreoei
<>.- His `grgomis sibrg efaugbhgs efsorebebhgs gf gh rgcestri.
<<.- His `gaìs begfgs l his qug hl hgy hgs oifgrg tlh olhe`l` (hl oursevl gs fugstrl).
(:2) LGF@L LRLFL, rlfoesoi. Oiagftlreis l his lrtáouhis ==7 y ==:. Gf `eci eeh iagf-
tl`i. Heal; logtl Kurá`eol,
K urá`eol, 2>>?, tiai
tia i ,
, p. 02.

:2
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

«Gh efoifvgfegftg `g hl prgf`l rl`eolbl gf qug gh `gu`ir `gbál

gftrgclr hl flvg lh lorgg`ir i lh tgrogri, oif hi oulh sg prevlbl
pr evlbl `g su
utehezloeÿf, hi qug mloál qug `esaefuygrl su olploe`l` `g pri`uo-
pri`uo-
oeÿf y pir oifsecuegftg `g plci `g hl `gu`l. Hl flvg sg oifvgrtál
lsá gf uf begf eapri`uotevi. Gstg pribhgal jug sihuoeifl`i pir gh
hgceshl`ir olabeìf`ihg hl gtequgtl `g augbhgs l hls flvgs, pir hl `g
efaugbhgs, gf huclr `g `lrhg lh pribhgal `g hl clrlftál
clr lftál ufl sihuoeÿf
lpripel`l´.
Oif hl gftrl`l gf vecgfoel `g hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel sg
ai`eoÿ gstg gsqugal, l trlvås `g hi gstlbhgoe`i pir su _gxtl @espise-
@espise -
oeÿf eflh, y his begfgs sglhl`is plslrif l sgr oltgcirezl`is oiai aug-
aug -
bhgs. Ibsgrvgais;
_GL.- «trls `gricltirels  ai`ejoloeifg
_GL.- ai`ejoloeifgss
ug`lf `gricl`is his lrtáouhis <>77 lh <>5> efohusevg `gh Oÿ`eci
Oeveh4 his efoesis     `gh lrtouhi  `gh `eci eeh  (hl
oursevl gs fugstrl).
Lsá, lh qug`lr `gricl`is `eomis efoesis `gh lrtáouhi ==7 `gh Oÿ`eci
Oeveh, y tgfegf`i gf ougftl qug gh lrtáouhi ==: `gh aesai ougrpi fir-
altevi (qug sgülhl gf su efoesi `åoeai qug sif augbhgs his `gaìs fi
oiaprgf`e`is gf gh lrtáouhi ==7), sg tegfg qug hls flvgs y lgriflvgs
his piftifgs, phltljirals y g`eoeis itlftgs lsá oiai hls gstloeifgs y
váls `g jgrriolrrehgs y gh altgrelh ri`lftg ljgotl`i lh sgrveoei, sif begfgs
augbhgs.

2.2. Wfeoloeÿf `g rgcáagfgs hgclhgs oif rghloeÿf l hl prgf`l

Hl gftrl`l gf vecgfoel `g hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel tlabeåf

secfeoÿ gh plsi `g uf gsqugal phureprgf`lrei (gs `goer, gxestgfoel `g
`evgrsis tepis `g prgf`l) l uf gsqugal «aifiprgf`lrei´ (vlhg `goer, oif
hl prgsgfoel `g ufl sihl clrlftál, `gfiaefl`l «clrlftál aibehelrel´). Lsá;
Hl gftrl`l gf vecgfoel `g hl Hgy F» 2=:33, Hgy `g lrlftál Aibe-
Aibe-
helrel, secfeoÿ uf olabei rl`eolh  pirqug ag`elftg hl aesal
sg ufeolrif ti`ls hls clrlftáls rglhgs gxestgftgs, lh gstlbhgogrsg
qug ti`is his augbhgs, sglf rgcestrlbhgs i fi, prgsgftgs i juturis,
pi`álf sgr ijrgoe
ijrgoe`is
`is gf clrlftál ag`elftg hl oifstetuo
oifstetuoeÿf
eÿf `g ufl
sihl clrlftál; hl hhlal`l clrlftál aibehelrel4 gheaefìf`isg `g gstl

:?
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

alfgrl hls clrlftáls gxestgftgs oiai hl prgf`l oeveh, oiftgaphl`l

gf gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, hls prgf`ls gspgoelhgs oiai hl prgf`l lcráoihl,
prgf`l ef`ustr
ef`ustrelh,
elh, prgf`l chiblh y itlftg, prgf`l `g looeifgs,
gftrg itrls (:?).

Lsá,
seoeÿf hl Hgy
eflh (:0) `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel gstlbhgoeÿ, gf su _gxtl @espi-
@espi
, hl `gricloeÿf `g ti`ls lqughhls firals qug gftrlsgf gf-
oiftrl`eooeÿf oif ghhl, hi oulh secfeoÿ hl rgaioeÿf `g ti`is his tepis `g
prgf`l qug gxestálf mlstl lftgs `g susu gftrl`l gf vecgfoel.
Gf gsg ir`gf `g e`gls, y sgcûf gxprgslais `g alfgrl prgvel, gxesteg-
rif gf gh ^grû mlstl ifog tepis `g prgf`ls gspgoelhgs gf plrlhghi l hl `gfi-
aefl`l prgf`l oeveh, pgri hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel hls rgufeÿ l
ti`ls blki hl curl `gfiaefl`l oiai clrlftál aibehelrel.

aibehel -
2.?. xtgfseÿf `g his begfgs ug sg pug`gf ljgotlr gf clrlftál aibehel-
rel y hl pgrsgoutireg`l` `g his aesais

Hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel secfeoÿ gh eforgagfti rgspgoti l

his begfgs augbhgs qug sg pi`rálf itirclr gf clrlftál aibehelrel. Lsá, gh
ibkgti `g ufl clrlftál aibehelrel pug`g rgolgr sibrg uf begf gspgoáoi,
uf cåfgri `g begfgs, hl titlhe`l` `g begfgs `g uf sukgti, begfgs prgsgftgs i
juturis y begfgs altgrelhgs i efaltgrelhgs.
Hi sglhl`i sg mlhhl rgoice`i gf gh lrtáouhi 0 `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlf-
lrlf -
tál Aibehelrel;

(:?) LRLFL LH LHLRL@, grflf`i. Oiagftlreis l his prefoeplhgs pribhgals prìoteois `g hl Hgy
`g Clrlftál Aibehelrel´. Gf otul
otulhe`l`
he`l` ur`eol, F» <:7, Heal; logtl Kurá`eol, lcisti `g 2>>3, p.
ur`eol p. 03.
(:0) _GL
_GL.- .- «trls `gricltirels  ai`ejoloeifgs
ug`lf `gricl`is his lrtáouhis <>77 lh <>5> efohusevg `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh his efoesis 0, : y 5 `gh
lrtáouhi ==7 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh gh lrtáouhi <2<3 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh his lrtáouhis ?<7, ?<: y ?<5 `gh
Oÿ`eci `g Oiagroei his lrtáouhis <3? lh <=? efohusevg `gh gxti feoi r`gfl`i `g hl Hgy gfg- gfg -
rlh `g Aefgrál lpribl`i pir @gorgti _uprgai F» ><0-52-GA his lrtáouhis =2 lh =3 efohusevg `g
hl Hgy F» 2?0>3, Hgy gfgrlh `g f`ustrels hl Hgy F» 20>2, Hgy `g ^rgf`l Lcráoihl gh efoesi <2
`gh lrtáouhi <?2, gh efoesi < `gh oulrti pìrrlji `gh lrtáouhi <7= y gh lrtáouhi 2?< `g hl Hgy F» 2:3>2,
Hgy gfgrlh `gh _estgal eflfoegri y `gh _estgal `g _gcuris y rcìfeol `g hl _upgreftgf`gfoel `g
lfol y _gcuris Hgy F» :7:7, Hgy `gh Rgcestri esolh `g gftls l ^hlzis plrl Heal, Olhhli y lh- lh-
fglreis Hgy F» :=03, Hgy Lapheltirel `g hl Hgy F» :7:7 Hgy F» 20<<, Hgy `g hl epitgol Flvlh
gh lrtáouhi 00 efoesi o y his lrtáouhis 05 lh 7? `g hl Hgy F» 232:<, Hgy `g Lgrifìuteol Oeveh `gh ^grû
Hgy F» 23:=2, qug ai`eolbl gh lrtáouhi <32 `g hl Hgy F» 2:3>2 Hgy F» 23=7<, Hgy qug ai`eol
hl Hgy F» 23:=2 hls `espiseoeifgs hgclhgs y rgchlagftlrels rgjgrgftgs l hl prgf`l `g looeifgs, lsá
oiai ti`ls hls hgygs y `gaìs `espiseoeifgs qug sg ipifclf l hl prgsgftg Hgy´.

:0
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Lrtáouhi 0.-
0.- «Begfgs aug bh gs oiapr gf
gf`e
`e`i
`iss gf gst
gstl
l Hgy
Hgy
Hl clrlftál aibehelrel l qug sg rggrg hl prgsgftg Hgy pug`g oifste
oifste--
tuersg sibrg ufi i vlreis begfgs augbhgs gspgoáois, sibrg oltgci-
oltgci-
ráls cgfåreols `g begfgs augbhgs, i sibrg hl titlhe`l` `g his begfgs
augbhgs `gh oifstetuygftg `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel, sglf prgsgftgs i
juturis, oirpirlhgs i efoirpirlhgs.
Aìs l`ghlftg `gslrrihhlrgais, gf `gtlhhg, hl e`gl `g qug hl lcruploeÿf
`g oifogptis tlf `esáaehgs gftrg sá, cgfgrÿ lhcufis ougsteiflaegftis gf
oulfti l hl flturlhgzl `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel.

2.0. Hl gxt gfs

gfseÿ
eÿf
f `gh
`gh orå
orå`e
`eti
ti

Gh lrtáouhi <<>3 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh gstlbhgog qug; Hl mepitgol oubrg gh
olpetlh, his eftgrgsgs qug `gvgfcug, hls preals `gh sgcuri plcl`ls pir gh
lorgg`ir y hls oistls `gh kueoei´.

_e begf hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel alftegfg gf cgfgrlh gh aesai

oretgrei, olbg `goer qug tlabeåf rglhezl eapirtlftgs prgoeseifgs. Lsá, ibsgr-
vgais su lrtáouhi ?.2;
Lrtáouhi ?.-
?.- «lrlftl iehelrel

?.2 Hl clrlftál aibehelrel oiaprgf`g, slhvi ploti `estefti, hl `gu`l
prefoeplh, his eftgrgsgs, hls oiaeseifgs, his clstis, hls preals `g
sgcuris plcl`ls pir gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i, hls oistls y his ois-
tis priogslhgs, his gvgftulhgs clstis `g ousti`el y oifsgrvloeÿf, hls
pgflhe`l`gs, hl ef`gafezloeÿf pir `lis y pgrkueoeis y oulhquegr
itri oifogpti loir`l`i pir hls plrtgs mlstl gh aifti `gh crlvlagf
gstlbhgoe`i gf gh loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi´.
gfegf`i gf ougftl hi sglhl`i, olbg pifgr åfjlses gf lhcufis puftis.
Gf preagr huclr, gh lrtáouhi ?.2 `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel
sgül hl qug sg pgraetg
pgraetg gh «ploti
«ploti gf oiftrlrei´
oiftrlrei´.. Gs `goer,
`goer, hls plrtgs
plrtgs pug`gf
sustrlgrsg l hl `espiseoeÿf `gh lrtáouhi ?.2, se lsá hi quesegrlf. Gs ohlri qug
hl flturlhgzl `g `eoml firal gs hl `g sgr suphgtirel y sÿhi rgsuhtl lpheolbhg
lftg gh sehgfoei `g hls plrtgs i hl sukgoeÿf gxprgsl `g gstls l ghhl. ^ir gkga-
gkga -
phi, sg pi`rál plotlr qug hl clrlftál sg oifstetuyg rgspgoti
rgspgoti `gh orå`eti pref-
oeplh, sef oubrer his eftgrgsgs.

:7
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

@g itrl plrtg, `gbgais sglhlr qug gh lrtáouhi ?.2 fi gs heaetltevi, yl

qug, sgcûf sg ibsgrvl gf su plrtg flh (oulf`i mlog rgjgrgfoel l hl jrlsg
«y oulhquegr itri oifogpti´), hls plrtgs sif hebrgs `g plotlr qug hl clrlftál
oubrl ibhecloeifgs qug fi gstìf sglhl`ls tgxtulhagftg gf gh lrtáouhi ?.2.

_ef pgrkueoei `g hi ef`eol`i, olbg `goer qug gh lrtáouhi ?.2 gstlbhgog gh

háaetg `g hl gxtgfseÿf `gh orå`eti. Lsá, uf orå`eti oif uf aifti kl`i gf uf
preagr aiagfti, pug`g eforgagftlrsg pluhlteflagftg gf jufoeÿf l oif oif--
ogptis vlrelbhgs gstlbhgoe`is (pir gkgaphi, eftgrgsgs). @g gstg ai`i, plrl
gh lrtáouhi ?.2 `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel, gh aifti aìxeai sus -
ogptebhg `g oibri gs gh kl`i oiai aifti `g crlvlagf. Fi ibstlftg ghhi,
efohusi gstl `espiseoeÿf gs `g olrìotgr suphgtirei;
«Olbg prgcuftlrsg se gstg háaetg l hl gtgfsef l`aetg ploti gf oif-
trlrei. _g plotlrál qug hls ibhecloeifgs clrlftezl`ls vál gtgfsef
sg oibrgf efohusi pir gfoeal `gh crlvlagf. Oifse`gri qug gs uf
lougr`i vìhe`i yl qug fi gstlais lftg ufl firal `g ir`gf pûbheoi.
Gh háaetg `gh crlvlagf gs uf `grgomi pltreaifelh rgfufoelbhg. Ohlri,
se gsti iourregrl gh begf `gklrál `g sgr eftgrgslftg plrl gvgftulhgs
l`queregftgs i fugvis lorgg`irgs (háaetg l hl oerouhloeÿf), pgri åsg
gs uf tgal qug sÿhi eftgrgsl l hls plrtgs(:7).
Gf sáftgses, hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel gstlbhgoeÿ, gf oulfti l hl
gxtgfseÿf `gh orå`eti, qug hls plrtgs pug`gf plotlr quå ghgagftis `g orå-
orå -
`eti (aifti blsg, eftgrgsgs, pgflhe`l`gs, gto.) sg gfougftrlf oubegrtis pir
gh begf `l`i gf clrlftál y se gh orå`eti flh pug`g i fi supgrlr gh aifti
`gh crlvlagf.

2.7. sugal rgcestrlh `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel

Gh pufti `g plrte`l plrl `gslrrihhlr gstg loìpetg sg gfougftrl gf gh lr-
táouhi <3 `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel, gh oulh sg rggrg lh rgqueseti
plrl qug hl clrlftál aibehelrel sgl ipifebhg jrgftg l tgrogris. Lsá;
Lrtáouhi <3.-
<3.- «ifstetuoef
Hl rghloeÿf kurá`eol gftrg hls plrtgs `grevl`l `g hl clrlftál aibe
aibe--
helrel sibrg gh begf augbhg sg oifstetuyg ag`elftg loti kurá`eoi

(:7) AGKRL@L OLWOL, Alrtáf. Gxtgfseÿf `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel. Gf GstuGstù

`ee is si
sib
r g hl fu
g vl
g `g hl lrlftl
lrlftl iehelrel
iehelrel Heal; Lroi Hgclh G`etirgs, 2>>:, p. 32.

::
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

oifstetutevi ufehltgrlh i phurehltgrlh, `gbe`lagftg itircl`i oif hl

flhe`l` `g lsgcurlr gh ouapheaegfti `g ufl ibhecloeÿf.
^lrl qg hl c
u lr lftftál
ál ai
aibe he
b helr
lrel
el sg
sgl
l ip
ife b
h g jrgft
jrgftgg l tgr
tgrogr
ogris
is `gb
`gb
g
gstlr efsoretl gf gh Rgce st
strri oir
oirrrgsif`e gftg´ (hl oursevl gs fugstrl).
gsp
p

Hl jrlsg rgcestri oirrgspif`egftg sg gfougftrl `gfe`l gf gh lr-

táouhi 2 `g hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel, gf `if`g sg sgül hl qug lq
lquå
uåhh
gs ufi `g his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g egfgs i gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g
Oiftrltis, sgcûf sg trltg `g begfgs augbhgs rgcestrl`is i fi rgcestrl`is´.
Gh aesai lrtáouhi 2 oiftegfg hl `gfeoeÿf `g gstis `is rgcestris;
Lrtáouhi 2.- «raefis gaphgl`is gf gstl g
^lrl his gjgotis `g gstl Hgy sg gftegf`g pir;

<5. Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g egfgs; gh oifkufti `g Rgcestris `g begfgs
augbhgs yl gxestgftgs qug surtgf phgfis gjgotis kurá`eois.
2>. Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis; gh rgcestri `g oiftrltis gf gh
qug sg efsorebgf hls clrlftáls aibehelrels y `gaìs lotis efsorebebhgs
sibrg begfgs augbhgs fi rgcestrl`is gf lhcûf Rgcestri Kurá`eoi `g
egfgs.
Hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel gstlbhgoeÿ hl orgloeÿf `g `is tepis
`g rgcestris; his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g egfgs y gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g
Oiftrltis. Labls
Labls oltgciráls sgrìf lflhezl`ls l oiftefuloeÿf.
- His Rgc
e stris Ku
r á`
á`eo
eois
is `g Be
Begf
gfgs
gs

Gstis rgcestris sif uf oifkufti `g fÿaefls qug oiftegfgf efjiraloeÿf

rgjgrgftg l `gtgraefl`is begfgs augbhgs. Lblrolf tlfti l his rgces-
rgces -
tris yl gxestgftgs, oiai l his qug pi`rìf orglrsg oif pistgreire`l`.
Gf gstis aiagftis, gxestgf oultri tepis `g Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g eg-
eg-
fgs; gh Rgcestri `g ^ripeg`l` gmeouhlr,
gmeouhlr, gh Rgcestri `g Flvgs y Lgri-
Lgri-
flvgs, gh Rgcestri `g uqugs y gh Rgcestri `g Gablroloeifgs ^gsqug-
^gsqug-
rls. Olbg sglhlr qug his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g egfgs sg `gslrrihhlf
blki hl ai`lhe`l` `g sestgal `g jihei rglh, hi oulh secfeol qug hl
lpgrturl `g ufl plrte`l sg mlog gf aåreti l uf begf `gtgraefl`i(::).

(::) Ojr. LHLL WLR^LL, Hues Lhbgrti. Hl clrlftál aibehelrel y sus lspgotis rgcestrlhgs. Gf
ur`eol, F» <7<. Heal; logtl Kurá`eol, kufei `gh 2>>:, p. 3>.
otulhe`l` ur`eol

:3
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

 h gcestri iehelrei `g iftrltis

Gf háfgls cgfgrlhgs, pi`gais `goer qug gh loti efsorebebhg gf gh Rgces-

tri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis gs lqugh qug eapheol hl ljgotloeÿf `g uf
begf augbhg fi rgcestrl`i gf uf Rgcestri Kurá`eoi `g egfgs gxes gxes--
tgftg(:3). Gstg rgcestri sg `gslrrihhl blki hl ai`lhe`l` `gh «sestgal
`g jihei oluslh (gh oulh yl jug gaphgl`i pir itris rgcestris, oiai
his `gricl`is rgcestris `g hl prgf`l lcráoihl, chiblh y itlftg, gftrg
itris)(:=), gh oulh eapheol, l crlf`gs rlscis, qug hl lpgrturl `g ufl
plrte`l sg mlog gf vertu` `g hl gxestgfoel `g uf oiftrlti y fi `g uf
begf(:5).
Gstlais jrgftg l uf sestgal eftgcrl`i `g clrlftáls y oiftrltis, gh oulh
vefouhlrì hl efjiraloeÿf gxestgftg gf gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g lrlftáls y
Oiftrltis oif his `gaìs Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g egfgs(3>).
Lsá, l trlvås `g gstg sestgal sg `ei sihuoeÿf l uf eapirtlftg pri-pri -
bhgal qug trlál hl gxestgfoel `g uf gsqugal olrlotgrezl`i pir su auhte-
pheoe`l` rgcestrlh; hl prgjgrgfoel y gh ir`gf `g prghloeÿf gftrg his `estef
`estef--
tis rgcestris .
(3<)

(:3) Ojr. @GHL@ FG, Rlûh Keaay. Hl Hgy `g lrlftál Aibehelrel gf su `gslrrihhi rgcestrlh.
rg cestrlh. Gf
ur`eol, F» <:3. Heal; logtl Kurá`eol, iotubrg `gh 2>>3, p. 2=>.
otulhe`l` ur`eol
(:=) Ojr. LHLL WLR^LL, Hues Lhbgrti. Ip. o et., p. :5.
(:5) _ibrg gstg plrteouhlr,
plrteouhlr, olbg oetlr hl
hl Rgsihuoeÿf `g hl _upgreftgf`gfoel Floeiflh `g his Rgcestris
^ûbheois F» <02-2>>:-_WFLR^-_F, hl oulh oiftegfg gh Rgchlagfti `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibe- Aibe-
helrel (gf l`ghlftg, gh Rgchlagfti `g hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel);
Lrtáouhi <<.- «^refoep e i `g
`g gs
gsp
g oe
oelh
lhe`
e`l`
l`
^ir ol`l oiftrlti `g clrlftál i loti kurá`eoi efsorebebhg gf his qug sg ljgotgf begfgs augbhgs fi rgces
rgces--
trl`is gf uf Rgcestri Kurá`eoi `g egfgs, sg lbrerì gf gh RAO ufl plrte`l rgcestrlh ef`gpgf`egftg, gf
`if`g sg gxtgf`grì hl preagrl efsorepoeÿf `g lqughhis, lsá oiai sus ai`eoloeifgs i olfoghloeifgs.
(3>) @GHL@ _OGGHKG, hvlri. Hl Hgy `g lrlftál Aibehelrel y gh ai`ghi rgcestrlh l`iptl`i
gf gh ^grû´. Gf Gstu`
Gstu`eis
eis sibr
sibrgg hl fugv
fugvl
l hgy
hgy `g
`g clrlftá
clrlftáls
ls aibehelrels. Heal; Lroi Hgclh G`etirgs, 2>>:,
aibehelrels.
p. <3?.
(3<) L `goer `g grflf`i
grflf`i Olftulrels, l`gaìs, fi gxestg hgceshloeÿf lhcufl qug rgcuhg `g alfgrl sestg- sestg-
aìteol ti`i hi rghltevi l hls prgjgrgfoels y prghloeifgs gftrg lorgg`irgs, l`quergftgs `g `grgomis,
gablrclftgs y `gaìs tgrogris qug pu`egrlf tgfgr lhcûf eftgrås sibrg his begfgs l sgr itircl`is gf
clrlftál´.
Gstg pribhgal sg mloál gve`gftg oulf`i uf aesai begf grl rgcestrl`i gf aìs `g uf rgcestri; ¹Oÿai
prgstlr, gftifogs, logptlf`i gf clrlftál uf begf ], se fi sg oifiogf `g lftgalfi hls rgchls `gh kugci9
¹_e logpti gf prgf`l ufl aìquefl, ouìh sgrì ae prgjgrgfoel se efsorebi hl clrlftál gf gh rgcestri `g
prgf`l ef`ustrelh9 ¹^reagrl9 ¹ se l`gaìs
l`gaì s sg rgcestrÿ oif lftgreire`l` gh aesai begf
b egf gf gh rgcestri
`g prgf`l aefgrl, pirqug gh oifstetuygftg tlabeåf grl aefgri9 . (OLFWLRL_ _LHLG- _LHLG -
RR, grflf`i. Loogsi lh orå`eti ag`elftg hl rgjiral `g hl hgceshloeÿf sibrg clrlftáls rglhgs. Gf
iagflg l ircg gf`li lh`g Heal; if`i G`etirelh `g hl ^ifteoel Wfevgrse`l` Oltÿheol `gh
ircg gf`li
^grû, 2>>0, tiai , p. :3?).

:=
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Hl gxestgfoel `g gstis `is tepis `g rgcestris (Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g

egfgs y Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis) fi rgprgsgftl pribhgal gf hl
lotulhe`l`, pir oulfti his aesais sif gxohuygftgs, y gs qug his begfgs
rgcestrlbhgs gf his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g egfgs `g fefcufl alfgrl pug-
pug -
`gf rgcestrlrsg gf gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis.

2.:. Fugvl
Fu gvl firaltevl sibrg hl
hl gkgouoeÿf gxt rlk
rlku`eoel
u`eoelhh y gh plo
ploti
ti oiaesi
oiaesirei
rei

Hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel ai`eol hl jiral `g gkgouoeÿf `g hls

clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs gf gh ^grû. Gsti sg `gbg l qug, mlstl lftgs
`g su gftrl`l gf vecgfoel, gh ploti oiaesirei gstlbl primebe`i y hl gkgou-
oeÿf gxtrlku`eoelh sg gfoiftrlbl auy heaetl`l.
@gbgais rgoir`lr qug hl gkgouoeÿf ku`eoelh gf fugstri plás gs uf pri-pri-
ogsi gfcirrisi, hgfti, efgoegftg y hhgfi `g oiapheoloeifgs qug pi`rálf
gvetlrsg. ^ir ghhi gs qug gh regsci qug lsuag gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i rgsuhtl
(32)

lhti, pugs sg bgfgoelbl lh alh plcl`ir .

rgftg l gstg mgomi, hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel gstlbhgoeÿ ai`e-
ai`e-
oloeifgs gf oulfti l hl curl `g hl gkgouoeÿf gxtrlku`eoelh y l hl `gh ploti
oiaesirei. L oiftefuloeÿf, gh lfìheses `g labis tgals;

 irg hl ggouoef gtrlu`eoelh

Hl gkgouoeÿf gxtrlku`eoelh gs hl jiral `g rglhezloeÿf `gh begf itircl`i

gf clrlftál, sef hl eftgrvgfoeÿf `gh ÿrclfi kures`eooeiflh. Gf itrls plhl-
plhl-
brls, gs hl `esihuoeÿf `g hl clrlftál plrl hl sltesjlooeÿf
sltesjlooeÿf `g hl `gu`l clrlf-
clrlf-
tezl`l rglhezl`l pir hls plrtgs, sef rgourrer lh kuzcl`i.
Gf hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel, gstl curl sg gfougftrl rgcu-
rgcu -
hl`l pir gh lrtáouhi 03 , gh oulh, `l`l su gxtgfseÿf, busol oubrer ti`is
(3?)

(32) Gxpiseoeÿf `g aitevis `gh Lftgpriygoti `g Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel, p. 2.

(3?) Lrtáouhi 03.-
03.- «Zgftl gxtrlku
gxtrlkù
`ee oelh
_e gs gxecebhg hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l, gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i pug`g priog`gr l hl vgftl `gh begf
augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel gf hl jiral gstlbhgoe`l gf his pìrrljis secuegftgs i gf gh loti
oifstetutevi `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel. Gxogpoeiflhagftg, se ag`elrg ploti i hl setuloeÿf prgvestl gf
gh efoesi :, sg vgf`grì gh begf augbhg oif lrrgchi lh Oÿ`eci ^riogslh Oeveh;
<. Gf gh loti oifstetutevi `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel sg itirclrì pi`gr gspgoáoi g errgviolbhg l uf
tgrogri plrl rglhezlr y jiralhezlr hl trlfsjgrgfoel `gh begf augbhg ljgoti gf clrlftál aibehelrel. Fi
sg l`aetg gh ploti ag`elftg gh oulh gh pripei lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i sgl gh rgprgsgftlftg. Gh pi`gr fi

:5
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

his supugstis rghgvlftgs rgjgrgftgs l hl gkgouoeÿf gxtrlku`eoelh. Lsá, olbg

pifgr åfjlses gf;
- Hl gkgouoeÿf gxtrlku`eoelh oifgrg lh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i hl jlouhjlouh--
tl` `g vgf`gr gh begf, pgri, plrl qug ghhi iourrl, gsti `gbeÿ mlbgr se`i
plotl`i gf gh loti oifstetutevi `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel.
- Hl gkgouoeÿf gxtrlku`eoelh rgquegrg hl plrteoeploeÿf `g uf tgrogri l
quegf sg hg itirclrì uf pi`gr gspgoelh g errgviolbhg plrl rglhezlr y jir-
alhezlr hl trlfsjgrgfoel `gh begf itircl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel.
- Hl vgftl rglhezl`l gf uf prgoei agfir l his `is tgroeis (2/?) `gh vlhir
`gh begf plotl`i pir hls plrtgs, gs fuhl. _e fi sg mubegsg plotl`i vlhir
`gh begf, sg rgourrerì lh vlhir oiagroelh.

rgquegrg efsorepoeÿf `esteftl `g hl qug oiftegfg gh Rgcestri rgspgotevi. ^lrl gstis gjgotis fi rgsuhtl
lpheolbhg gh sgcuf`i pìrrlji `gh lrtáouhi <7? `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh fe gh lrtáouhi <7: `gh aesai.
2. Gs fuhl hl vgftl rglhezl`l gf prgoei agfir l hls `is tgrogrls plrtgs `gh vlhir `gh begf augbhg plo-
tl`i pir hls plrtgs (sgcûf gh efoesi 3 `gh lrtáouhi ?? `g hl prgsgftg Hgy) i, gf su `gjgoti, `gh vlhir
oiagroelh `gh begf augbhg lh tegapi `g hl vgftl. Hl fuhe`l` `gbg sgr phlftgl`l `gftri `g his <7 `áls
secuegftgs `g hl vgftl. Gstg phlzi gs `g ol`uoe`l`.
?. ^ri`uoe`i gh efouapheaegfti `gh `gu`ir, `gh oulh `gklrì oifstlfoel gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i
ag`elftg olrtl fitlrelh `erece`l lh `gu`ir y lh rgprgsgftlftg y, gf su olsi, lh oifstetuygftg, gh lorgg-
`ir clrlftezl`i pi`rì priog`gr l hl vgftl `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel, `gspuås
`g trlfsourre`is trgs `áls mìbehgs `g rgoebe`l hl olrtl fitlrelh.
0. _e gh begf augbhg gstuvegsg ljgoti l crlvìagfgs lftgreirgs l hl clrlftál aibehelrel qug `ei huclr l
hl vgftl, gh rgprgsgftlftg `gbgrì oifsecflr l hl ir`gf `gh Kugz Gspgoelhezl`i gf hi Oeveh, gh eapirtg
titlh `g hl vgftl `gh begf augbhg `gftri `g his trgs `áls mìbehgs secuegftgs lh oibri `gh prgoei. _e
mubegsg crlvìagfgs pistgreirgs l hl clrlftál aibehelrel qug ml `l`i huclr l hl vgftl, gh rgprgsgf-
tlftg oifsecflrì l hl ir`gf `gh kugz gh slh`i `gh prgoei `g vgftl qug mubegsg `gspuås
`g spuås `g mlbgrsg mgomi
oibri gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i. Gh kugz priog`grì oif lrrgchi lh Oÿ`eci ^riogslh Oeveh.
7. Gfgh fefcûf
qug olsi pi`rì
`gu`ir olfoghg suspgf`grsg
gh áftgcri hl vgftl
`g hl `gu`l.
`gu` `gh begfoiftrivgrsel
l. Oulhquegr augbhg ljgoti gf clrlftál
rgspgoti aibehelrel,
`gh aifti i `g slhvi
` g hl gxtgf-
seÿf `g lhcufi `g his crlvìagfgs, sgrì rgsughtl pir gh Kugz Gspgoelhezl`i gf hi Oeveh, gf hl vál sual-
sual-
ráseal, oifjirag lh Oÿ`eci ^riogslh Oeveh, sef suspgf`grsg hl vgftl `gh begf augbhg ljgoti gf clrlf-clrlf-
tál aibehelrel, blki rgspifslbehe`l`.
:. _e trlfsourregrlf sgsgftl `áls `gs`g hl rgaeseÿf `g hl olrtl fitlrelh lh `gu`ir y, gf su olsi lh oifs-
oifs -
tetuygftg y lh rgprgsgftlftg y gh begf augbhg fi mubegsg se`i vgf`e`i, gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i pi`rì
siheoetlr su gkgouoeÿf ku`eoelh oifjirag lh Oÿ`eci ^riogslh Oeveh. Hls plrtgs pi`rìf oifvgfer uf
phlzi `estefti.
3. Gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i gs oeveh y pgflhagftg rgspifslbhg `g hl gxestgfoel, gxecebehe`l` y oulftál
`g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l lh tegapi `g hl vgftl `gh begf augbhg crlvl`i. Gh rgprgsgftlftg gs oeveh-
oeveh -
agftg rgspifslbhg pir gh ouapheaegfti `g hls oif`eoeifgs plotl`ls plrl hl vgftl. Gf ti`i olsi, gh
rgprgsgftlftg `gbgrì lotulr oif `ehecgfoel y bugfl jg.
Hls plrtgs pi`rìf plotlr hl jiral `g gkgouoeÿf `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel, pgri `gbgrìf ibsgrvlr
ib sgrvlr fgog-
fgog-
slrelagftg hls `espiseoeifgs gstlbhgoe`ls gf his efoesis 2 y 0 `gh prgsgftg lrtáouhi.
rltìf`isg `g ufl clrlftál aibehelrel oifstetue`l sibrg `efgri i orå`etis, rgcerìf hls rgchls qug
q ug lftg-
lftg-
og`gf gf oulfti jugrgf lpheolbhgs.

3>
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

- Hl gxestgfoel `g clrlftáls aibehelrels lftgreirgs l hl qug `ei irecgf l

hl gkgouoeÿf, oifhhgvl l qug gh lorgg`ir `gbl rglhezlr uf plci pir oif-
oif-
secfloeÿf l fiabrg `g uf Kuzcl`i Oeveh. Ghhi, oif gh ibkgti `g pri- pri -
tgcgr his eftgrgsgs `g his lorgg`irgs preiretlreis (gs `goer, `g lqughhis
ouyl clrlftál gs lftgreir l hl qug cgfgrl hl gkgouoeÿf).
- Hl gxestgfoel `g clrlftáls pistgreirgs l hl qug `ei irecgf l hl gkgou-
oeÿf, `grevl gf qug gh lorgg`ir `gbl, hugci `g mlbgr rglhezl`i gh oibri
`g hl ibhecloeÿf eaplcl, oifsecflr gh slh`i rgalfgftg (se hi mubegrg)
l fiabrg `g uf Kuzcl`i Oeveh.
- Hl gkgouoeÿf `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel fi sg suspgf`grì blki fefcûf
aitevi, slhvi qug gh `gu`ir olfoghg gh áftgcri `g hl `gu`l. Hls oiftri-
vgrsels rgspgoti l hl gxtgfseÿf i gh aifti `g his crlvìagfgs sg rgsih-
rgsih -
vgrìf sef gjgoti suspgfsevi `g hl gkgouoeÿf.

 irg gh ploti oiaesirei

Gh ploti oiaesirei gs gh lougr`i `g hls plrtgs plrl qug, jrgftg lh efoua-

efoua-
pheaegfti `g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l, fi sg rgourrl l gkgouoeÿf ku`eoelh
i gxtrlku`eoelh `gh begf, sefi qug sg jlouhtg lh lorgg`ir plrl qug sg lpripeg
(oiaesi i `goiaesi) `gh aesai.
Gstg agolfesai sg gfougftrl rgcuhl`i pir gh lrtáouhi 7? `g hl Hgy `g
hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel(30), firal qug ml eftgftl`i sgr auy oue`l`isl gf
gvetlr qug hl heoetu` `gh ploti oiaesirei `grevg gf gh lbusi `gh lorgg`ir.
lorgg`ir.

(30) 7?.<
Lrtáouhi 7?.- «`u`eoloef
7?.-
Gs vìhe`i qug hls plrtgs`gh egf pir
lougr`gf pirqug
gh lorgg`ir
lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i pug`l l`ku`eolrsg hl pripeg`l`
gh lorgg`ir
`gh begf augbhg ljgoti gf clrlftál aibehelrel. ^lrl hl vlhe`gz `gh ploti sg rgquegrg, blki slfoeÿf `g
fuhe`l`, efohuer gh vlhir `gh begf augbhg ljgoti gf clrlftál aibehelrel loir`l`i pir hls plrtgs y, l`g -
aìs itirclrsg gh pi`gr l qug sg rggrg gh fuagrlh 7?.: `g gstg lrtáouhi.
7?.2 ^ri`uoe`i gh efouapheaegfti, gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i qug `gsgg l`ku`eolrsg gh begf augbhg
ljgoti gf clrlftál aibehelrel `gbgrì oiaufeolr fitlrelhagftg lh `gu`ir y lh rgprgsgftlftg l qug sg
rggrg gh fuagrlh 7?.: `g gstg lrtáouhi, lsá oiai, `g sgr gh olsi, lh oifstetuygftg y lh `gpisetlrei, gh
aifti `gtlhhl`i `g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l fi plcl`l y gh vlhir `gh begf augbhg ljgoti gf clrlf -
tál aibehelrel loir`l`i pir hls plrtgs.
7?.? _e gh vlhir `gh begf augbhg ljgoti gf clrlftál aibehelrel jugrl agfir qug gh aifti `g hl `gu`l,
gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i pi`rì gxecer gh slh`i ag`elftg hl gaeseÿf `g uf tátuhi oif aåreti gkgoutevi i
gf hl vál `gh priogsi `g gkgouoeÿf.
7?.0 _e gh vlhir `gh begf augbhg ljgoti gf clrlftál aibehelrel jugrg alyir qug gh aifti `g hl `gu`l,
gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i `gbgrì plclr
plcl r hl `ejgrgfoel lh rgprgsgftlftg l qug sg rggrg gh fuagrlh 7?.: `g
gstg lrtáouhi, `gftri `g uf phlzi `g `egz `áls `g rgoebe`l pir gh `gu`ir hl oiaufeoloeÿf agfoeifl`l
gf gh fuagrlh 7?.2 `g gstg lrtáouhi. gfoe`i `eomi phlzi sef plclrsg hl `ejgrgfoel, gh `gu`ir pi`rì

3<
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Ghhi `gbe`i l qug sg gstlbhgog hl eftgrvgfoeÿf `g uf rgprgsgftlftg

oiaûf, l quegf sg hg oifjgrerì pi`gr gspgoáoi g errgviolbhg y fi pi`rì
sgr gh pripei lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i.
^ir itri hl`i, gf olsi gh begf tuvegsg uf vlhir alyir lh `g hl ibhecl-
oeÿf eaplcl, gh lorgg`ir `gbgrì plclr hl `ejgrgfoel gf uf phlzi gstlbhg-
gstlbhg-
oe`i pir hl firal, y gh efouapheaegfti `g `eomi plci oifhhgvlrì l qug gh
`gu`ir pug`l siheoetlr hl slfoeÿf `gh lorgg`ir oif ufl auhtl `g eapirtg,
oulf`i agfis, oefoi vgogs alyir lh slh`i sgül hl`i.
Jeflhagftg, olbg sgülhlr qug gh lorgg`ir fi pi`rì l`ku`eolrsg hl pri-
peg`l` `gh begf augbhg `l`i gf clrlftál aegftrls fi ouaphl oif plclr gh
slh`i, i hl auhtl, sgcûf oirrgspif`l.
Oiai sg pug`g ibsgrvlr, hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel trlki fuag-
risls ai`eoloeifgs lh ir`gflaegfti oeveh y hl rgcuhloeÿf `g hls clrlftáls
sibrg begfgs augbhgs.

gxecer gf hl vál sualráseal gh plci `g ufl auhtl fi agfir `g oefoi vgogs hl `ejgrgfoel, aìs eftgrg -
sgs y clstis. i`i ploti qug kg uf aifti efjgreir, gs fuhi.
7?.7 Oulf`i gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i prgtgf`l l`ku`eolrsg gh begf augbhg ljgoti gf clrlftál aibehel-
aibehel -
rel `g
his oifjirae`l`
lorgg`irgs oif gstg lrtáouhi,
clrlftezl`is `eomi lorgg`ir
qug hi prgog`gf lorgg`i r clrlftezl`i
gf gh rlfci `gbgrì
i oifsecflr olfoghlrlhi plclr
su eapirtg Kugz. gh orå`eti `g
_e mubegsg crlvìagfgs pistgreirgs, his lorgg`irgs clrlftezl`is olfoghlrìf su orå`eti oif olrci l
hl `ejgrgfoel prgvestl gf gh fuagrlh 7?.0 `g gstg lrtáouhi. ^lrl gstg gjgoti gh rgprgsgftlftg l qug sg
rggrg gh fuagrlh 7?.: ouapherì oif oifsecflr ku`eoelhagftg gh aifti l qug sg rggrg gh fuagrlh
7?.0 `g gstg lrtáouhi.
7?.: Lh aiagfti `g plotlrsg hl pisebehe`l` `g l`ku`eoloeÿf `gh begf augbhg ljgoti gf clrlftál aibe- aibe-
helrel, hls plrtgs `gbgrìf itirclr pi`gr gspgoáoi g errgviolbhg l uf rgprgsgftlftg oiaûf plrl qug
gf olsi `g efouapheaegfti priog`l l susoreber hl `iouagftloeÿf fgogslrel plrl hl trlfsjgrgfoel `gh
begf augbhg ljgoti gf clrlftál aibehelrel. Gf fefcûf olsi gh rgprgsgftlftg pi`rì sgr gh pripei lorgg-lorgg-
`ir clrlftezl`i. Gh pi`gr oifstlrì gf gh jirauhlrei `g efsorepoeÿf y sg efsoreberì oifkuftlagftg oif
gh ploti. ^lrl gstis gjgotis fi rgsuhtl lpheolbhg gh sgcuf`i pìrrlji `gh lrtáouhi <7? `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh.
Gs rgqueseti `g vlhe`gz plrl gjgotis `g trlfsjgrer hl pripeg`l` `gh begf augbhg crlvl`i l jlvir `gh
lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i, qug åstg plcug lh rgprgsgftlftg hl `ejgrgfoel `g vlhir i hl auhtl prgvestis gf gh
fuagrlh 7?.0 qug lftgog`g.
7?.3 Gh rgprgsgftlftg gxpg`erì ufl oifstlfoel `g l`ku`eoloeÿf plrl his gjgotis trebutlreis oirrgs oirrgs--
pif`egftgs´.

32
 OL^ÁPWHI
OL ^ÁPWHI EEE
EE E
HL C LRLF
LRLFPP Á L AI
AIBEH
BEHEE LRE
LRELL
_IBRG
_IB RG BEGFG_
BEG FG_ AWGBHG
AWGBHG_ _

<. HL CLRLFPÁL AIBEH

AIBEHELREL
ELREL _IBRG BEGFG_
BEGFG_ AWGBHG_
OIR^ßRGI_

@gs`g hl gftrl`l gf vecgfoel `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel, gf

gh ^grû, gf hl prìoteol, sg mlf efstlurl`i `is tepis `g clrlftál; ufl jir -
alh (rgce`l pir hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel) y itrl efjiralh (`gheae-
(`gheae -
tl`l pir hl hebgrtl` `g hl ijgrtl y hl `galf`l). Lsá, hi qug sg efstlurÿ gf his
mgomis jug uf råceagf `ulh y fi uf råceagf ufeol`i `g clrlftáls sibrg
begfgs augbhgs oirpÿrgis.
Gh preagr råceagf, qug gs lh qug mlog rgjgrgfoel hl Hgy `g hl lrlf-
lrlf -
tál Aibehelrel, oifsestg gf hl oifstetuoeÿf `g clrlftáls aibehelrels phgfls
i pgrjgotls. His sukgtis qug sg vlhgf `g gstg råceagf jiralh y sustgftl`i
gf hl efsorepoeÿf rgcestrlh, sif quegfgs, `g sgcuer vecgftg gh råceagf `g
hl prgf`l
iptl`i qug jug
tlabeåf pirsustetue`i pir hl`gHgy
hl efsorepoeÿf `g hl lrlftál
hl clrlftál, `gbe`iAibehelrel, mlbrálf
lh tepi `g begf y su
vlhir. Gh sgcuf`i, gs gh qug utehezlf hls pgrsifls qug rgourrgf l hl clrlf-
tál aibehelrel eapgrjgotl i, hi qug vgf`rál l sgr hi aesai, l hl prgf`l oif
gftrgcl i `gsphlzlaegfti.
Hl oigxestgfoel `g gsis `is rgcáagfgs ibg`gog, gftifogs, l hls `ejg-
`ejg-
rgftgs oif`eoeifgs gf qug sg gfougftrlf his sukgtis qug rgourrgf l hls
clrlftáls qug ljgotlf begfgs augbhgs. L`gaìs `g hls oif`eoeifgs pgrsi-
pgrsi -
flhgs gftrg hls qug sg gfoiftrlrálf, pir gkgaphi, su ouhturl org`eteoel y
his rgoursis goifÿaeois oif his qug ougftlf, tlabeåf efuyg hl `ejgrgf-
`ejgrgf-
oel qug gxestg gftrg his begfgs qug sg itirclf gf clrlftál. @gpgf`egf`i

3?
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

`gh vlhir `g gsis begfgs i `g hls olrlotgrásteols `g lqughhis, his efvihuorl-

`is `goe`gf, `g lougr`i l sus fgogse`l`gs, se hgs oifvegfg i fi efsoreber hl
clrlftál, lsuaegf`i his oistis qug ghhi secfeol.
^ir hi gxpugsti, pi`gais lralr qug hl prgf`l, gftgf`e`l miy fgog- fgog-
slrelagftg oiai hl ljgotloeÿf `g uf begf augbhg ag`elftg hl `gspisgseÿf,
l f `g clrlftezlr gh ouapheaegfti `g ufl ibhecloeÿf , oifstetuyg uf
(37)

agolfesai lh qug rgourrg ufl bugfl plrtg `g hl pibhloeÿf. Hls pgrsifls

qug iptlf pir gstg tepi `g clrlftál, fi hi mlogf pirqug `gsoifizolf hl
gxestgfoel `g hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel4 gs aìs, gf prefoepei rgou-
rrgf l hl prgf`l l pgslr `g hl `gricltirel `g his lrtáouhis qug sibrg gstg
`grgomi rglh sg gfoiftrlblf oiaprgf`e`is gf gh Hebri `g @grgomis Rglhgs
`gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh `g <5=0(3:). _e iptlf pir ufl clrlftál qug fi `gsolfsl gf
hl efsorepoeÿf `gh tátuhi oifstetutevi y, pir gf`g, fi pug`g olheolrsg oiai
clrlftál aibehelrel phgfl i pgrjgotl (lh fi sgr ipifebhg jrgftg l tgrogris),
gs pirqug gh lfìheses oisti-bgfgoei qug rglhezlf his hhgvl l oifohuer gf
qug fi hgs rgsuhtl oifvgfegftg lsuaer his oistis `g hl efsorepoeÿf.
Gf gsg ir`gf `g e`gls, pi`gais lralr qug, pgsg l qug gf prefoepei
hl prgf`l oiai clrlftál rglh mlbrál se`i gheaefl`l pir hl Hgy `g hl Clrlf-
tál Aibehelrel, gf his mgomis secug tgfegf`i phgfl vecgfoel gf gh ^grû, sef
eapirtlr qug sg hg `gfiaefg «prgf`l´, «clrlftál prgf`lrel´ i «clrlftál
aibehelrel eapgrjgotl.
Ghhi, pir oulfti hl ve`l `g ufl efstetuoeÿf rgse`g gf su utehe`l`. His
mgomis `gaugstrlf qug hl prgf`l oif `gsphlzlaegfti secug segf`i gf gh
^grû uf agolfesai `g clrlftál ûteh, qug pgraetg jìoeh loogsi lh orå`eti.

gomls
tgals gstls prgoeseifgs,
oeroufsoretis ûfeolagftgl oiftefuloeÿf vlais l `gslrrihhlr
l hl clrlftál aibehelrel lhcufis
sibrg begfgs oir-
pÿrgis. Gstis sif;

(37) @goeais gsti, pirqug se fi mubegsg `gspisgseÿf pir su efsorepoeÿf gf gh Rgcestri, sg trltlrál `g ufl
tápeol clrlftál aibehelrel.
(3:) Oifvegfg l`vgrter qug, gf altgrel hgceshltevl, hl prgf`l fi ml se`i titlhagftg `gspikl`l `g uf alroi
firaltevi qug hl oiftgfcl. ^lrl oiapriblrhi, blstl oif ibsgrvlr gh oiftgfe`i `g his lrtáouhis <25=
y <255 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh pgrulfi sibrg oif`ifloeÿf `g prgf`l y `gvihuoeÿf
`gvi huoeÿf `g hl prgf`l, rgspgotevl-
rgspgotevl-
agftg. @eomis prgogptis firaltevis sglhlf hi secuegftg;
Lrtáouhi <25=.- Hl prgf`l gf pi`gr `gh `gu`ir mlog prgsuaer su `gvihuoeÿf vihuftlrel, slhvi
prugbl gf oiftrlrei´.
Lrtáouhi <255.-
<255.- Hl `gvihuoeÿf vihuftlrel `g hl prgf`l `gtgraefl hl oif`ifloeÿf `g hl aesal, pgri
fi hl `g hl `gu`l´.

30
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

- Flturlhgzl.
- Oifstetuoeÿf.
- Rgcestri.
- @grgomis y ibhecloeifgs `gh oifstetuygftg y `gh gvgftulh l`quergftg i
`gpisetlrei.
- @grgomis y ibhecloeifgs `gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i.

<.<. Flturlhgzl `g hl c
lr lftál aibehel
lr aibehelrel
rel sibr
sibrgg begfgs
begfgs oirpÿrg
oirpÿrgis
is

Gh preagr pufti `gh lfìheses rgspgoti l hl clrlftál aibehelrel sibrg beg-

fgs augbhgs oirpÿrgis sg gfjiol gf `gtgraeflr su flturlhgzl.
Lsá, olbg sglhlr qug gf gh ^grû hl ûfeol jugftg `g oifstetuoeÿf `g hl
clrlftál aibehelrel gs hl alfejgstloeÿf `g hl vihuftl`. @eoml vihuftl` sg
`gohlrl l trlvås `g uf loti kurá`eoi, gh oulh pug`g sgr ufehltgrlh, behltgrlh i
phurehltgrlh .
(33)

@gbgais rgoir`lr qug hl clrlftál aibehelrel gs `gfe`l gf gh lr-

táouhi ?.< `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel oiai hl ljgotloeÿf `g uf
begf augbhg ag`elftg uf loti kurá`eoi, `gstefl`l l lsgcurlr gh ouaphe-
aegfti `g ufl ibhecloeÿf. Gs `goer, hl goloel `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel
sg gfougftrl `gtgraefl`l pir hl gxestgfoel `g hl ibhecloeÿf qug clrlftezl.
Hl clrlftál aibehelrel fi tegfg gxestgfoel lutÿfial, sefi uf olrìo-
olrìo -
tgr loogsirei. ^ir gf`g, fi pug`g mlbgr tlh clrlftál sef qug gxestl ufl

(33) Hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel fi mlog rgjgrgfoel l ufl clrlftál aibehelrel hgclh. Gh lrtáouhi <3
gstlbhgog qug;
Lrtáouhi <3.-
<3.- «ifstetuoef
Hl rghloeÿf kurá`eol gftrg hls plrtgs `grevl`l `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel sibrg gh begf augbhg sg oifs-
tetuyg ag`elftg loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi ufehltgrlh i phurehltgrlh,
phurehltgrlh, `gbe`lagftg itircl`i oif hl fl-
fl -
he`l` `g lsgcurlr gh ouapheaegfti `g ufl ibhecloeÿf.
^lrl qug hl clrlftál aibehelrel sgl ipifebhg jrgftg l tgrogris `gbg gstlr efsoretl gf gh Rgcestri
oirrgspif`egftg.
Gh loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi oifstlrì pir gsoreti y pi`rì efstruagftlrsg pir oulhquegr ag`ei jgml-
jgml -
oegftg qug `gkg oifstlfoel `g hl vihuftl` `g quegf hi itircl, efohuygf`i gh tåhgx, tghgjlx, eftgrola-
eftgrola -
bei ghgotrÿfeoi `g `ltis, oirrgi ghgotrÿfeoi y ag`eis ÿpteois i seaehlrgs, `g oifjirae`l` oif hl Hgy
F» 232:5, Hgy `g erals y Ogrteol`is @ecetlhgs, gh @gorgti _uprgai F» ><5-2>>2-KW_, Rgchl Rgchl--
agfti `g hl Hgy `g erals y Ogrteol`is @ecetlhgs y hls `gaìs firals lpheolbhgs gf gstl altgrel.
Oulf`i hl clrlftál aibehelrel sg oifstetuyl pir uf tgrogri, fi sg rgqugrerì `gh oifsgfteaegfti `gh
`gu`ir´ (gh subrlyl`i gs fugstri).

37
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

ibhecloeÿf qug clrlfteog. Ghhi, ti`l vgz qug su rltei oifsestg prgoesl-
prgoesl-
agftg gf clrlftezlr ufl ibhecloeÿf.
Gve`gftgagftg, se hl ibhecloeÿf prefoeplh sg gxtefcug pir su ouaphe-
ouaphe -
aegfti, hl clrlftál aibehelrel sg gxtefcug `g alfgrl lutiaìteol. Ghhi, pir
supugsti, lh alrcgf `g his trìaetgs qug sgl fgogslrei rglhezlr plrl qug gsl
setuloeÿf sg gfougftrg rggkl`l gf gh rgcestri oirrgspif`egftg.
Gf tgrogr tåraefi, olbg sgül hlr qug
qug hl clrlf
clrlftál
tál aibehel
aibehelrel
rel sibrg
sibrg begfg
begfgss
augbhgs oirpÿrgis fi segaprg sgrì uf `grgomi rglh.
@gbgais rgoir`lr qug ufl `g hls olrlotgrásteols juf`lagftlhgs `g uf
`grgomi rglh rgse`g gf qug åstg itircl l su tetuhlr gh pi`gr `g pgrsgoutireg`l`.
Hl pgrsgoutireg`l` `estefcug l his `grgomis `g orå`eti rgspgoti l
his `grgomis rglhgs, pir oulfti supifg qug gh `grgomi rglh loiaplül y
sg alftegfg efoÿhuag kufti lh begf, sef eapirtlr `if`g åstg vlyl i sg
gfougftrg;
«Gf altgrel `g clrlftáls sibrg begfgs, gh rgsplh`i pltreaifelh plrl
gh lorgg`ir `g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l rgpisl prgoeslagftg gf hl
gxestgfoel `gh ‘begf‑, gftgf`egf`i oiai tlh lh ibkgti oegrti y `gtgr-
aefl`i oif olrci lh oulh sg pi`rì oibrlr hl ibhecloeÿf.  Hl
«pgrsgoutireg`l`´ qug gs oruoelh gf gstl altgrel, gs ufl oifsg-
ougfoel hÿceol g efgvetlbhg `g hl ogrtgzl y `gtgraefloeÿf `gh ibkgti
efvihuorl`i´(3=).
Gf gsg ir`gf `g e`gls, pi`gais lralr qug hl gxestgfoel `gh ltrebuti
`g hl pgrsgoutireg`l` eapheol qug gstlais lftg uf `grgomi rglh y qug åstg
gs pgrsgcuebhg
gablrci, pir oulfti
¹quå plslrì sg gh
oulf`i trltl
begf`golrgzol
uf begf`g`gtgraefl`i y oegrti. _ef
gsls olrlotgrásteols9
^lrl rgspif`gr l gstl eftgrriclftg, `gbgais tgfgr ohlri qug hl Hgy `g
hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel gstlbhgog qug ufl clrlftál aibehelrel pug`g oifste-
tuersg sibrg uf begf gspgoáoi, sibrg ufl oltgcirál cgfåreol `g begfgs aug-
aug-
bhgs, sibrg hl titlhe`l` `g begfgs augbhgs `gh oifstetuygftg `g hl clrlftál,
clrlftál,
sibrg uf begf prgsgftg i juturi, i sibrg uf begf oirpirlh i efoirpirlh.

(3=) AGKRL@L OLWOL, Alrtáf. lrlftál Aibehelrel; ¹@grgomi Rglh9. Gf tmefl Rgvestl g`e-
tl`l pir lhuafis `g hl Wfevgrse`l` `g Heal, F» 0, 2>>=, p. 225.

3:
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

gfegf`i gsti gf ougftl, pi`gais lralr hi secuegftg(35);

- ^lrl gh olsi `g his begfgs gspgoáois fi mly alyir `esouseÿf, pugs
gstis pug`gf sgr e`gfteol`is y su pgrsgoutireg`l` gs gve`gftg. Gf gsg
gftgf`gr,, hl clrlftál aibehelrel sibrg uf begf gspgoáoi sá oifstetuerál
gftgf`gr
uf `grgomi rglh.
- ^lrl gh olsi `g hl oltgcirál cgfåreol `g begfgs hl setuloeÿf gs `es `es--
teftl, pir oulfti ufl oltgcirál cgfåreol `g begfgs (gs `goer, jufcebhgs)
fi pug`g sgr pgrsgcuebhg. ^ir ghhi, olbrál lralr qug fi gstlrálais
jrgftg l uf `grgomi rglh.
- ^lrl gh olsi `g hl titlhe`l` `g begfgs augbhgs `gh oifstetuygftg `g
hl clrlftál, `gbgais sgül hlr qug
qug gh rlzif
rlziflaegf
laegfti
ti gs gh aesai
aesai qug
qug
gh gsbizl`i gf gh pufti lftgreir. @goeais ghhi, yl qug ufl titlhe-
titlhe-
`l`´ `g begfgs rgsuhtl uf oifogpti ef`gtgraefl`i y, pir hi tlfti, fi
pgrsgcuebhg.
Gf gsg ir`gf `g e`gls, y kufti l Agkirl`l(=>), pi`gais sgül hlr qu qug
oulf`i sg hgg y gsouoml qug his `grgomis rglhgs hg itirclf l su tetuhlr
gh pi`gr `g pgrsgoutireg`l`, `gbgais gftgf`gr qug `eomi pi`gr sÿhi sg
gxpheol pirqug gh ibkgti `g his `grgomis rglhgs gs segaprg uf begf. _e gh
ibkgti `gh `grgomi pltreaifelh jugrl uf cåfgri i ufl oltgcirál `g beg- beg-
fgs (pir gkgaphi <>> tifghl`ls `g mlrefl `g pgsol`i i <>> bitghhls ome- ome -
ols `g Oiol Oihl), gh tetuhlr `gh `grgomi fi pi`rál pgrsgcuer fl`l. Lsá, se
hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel rgolg sibrg oltgciráls `g begfgs, hl titlhe`l` `g beg-
fgs `gh oifstetuygftg i sibrg begfgs juturis, ¹oÿai gh lorgg`ir clrlfte-
clrlfte-
zl`i pi`rál pgrsgcuer gh ibkgti lftg gh efouapheaegfti `gh `gu`ir9 Hl rgs-

pugstl gs sgfoehhl; hl pgrsgoutireg`l`,

pgrsgoutireg`l`, gf gstis olsis, gs eapisebhg.
Lsá, hl clrlftál aibehelrel sibrg begfgs augbhgs oirpÿrgis sgrál, gjgo-
gjgo-
tevlagftg, uf `grgomi rglh. ^ir gh oiftrlrei, hls clrlftáls aibehelrels qug
rgolgf sibrg oltgciráls `g begfgs i sibrg hl titlhe`l` `g begfgs `gh oifs-
tetuygftg fi sgrálf `grgomis rglhgs. Hi sgül hl`
hl`ii oifst
oifstetu
etuyg
yg ufl
ufl suteh
suteh `es-
`es-
tefoeÿf qug sg rghloeifl `ergotlagftg oif hl flturlhgzl `g ufl clrlftál
aibehelrel.

(35) @gbgais sglhlr qug fi rglhezlrgais uf lfìheses sibrg his begfgs juturis i his begfgs efoirpÿrgis,
pir oulfti gstis sif lkgfis l gstg pufti `g
` g fugstrl altgrel `g efvgstecloeÿf.
(=>) AGKRL@L OLWOL, Alrtáf. Ip. o et., pp. 2?> y 2?<.

33
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

<.2. Oifstetuoeÿf `g hl lr
lr lftál aibehe
c aibehelre
lrel
l sibr
sibrgg begfgs
begfgs au
augbh
gbhgs
gs
oirpÿrgis

Gf hl rgcuhloeÿf lftgreir l hl gftrl`l gf vecgfoel `g hl Hgy `g hl

Clrlftál Aibehelrel, gh sestgal `gh tátuhi y gh ai`i, oiai fgogslreis plrl
hl oifstetuoeÿf `g hl prgf`l, grl gve`gftg. Lsá, gh tátuhi grl hl jugftg `g hl
clrlftál (pir gkgaphi, uf oiftrlti). ^ir itri hl`i, gh ai`i gstlbl gf gh
loti `g pubheoe`l` qug gxtgreirezlbl gh floeaegfti `gh `grgomi rglh (sgl
pir ag`ei `g hl gftrgcl `gh begf `l`i gf prgf`l, i pir hl efsorepoeÿf `g
`eomi loti gf gh rgcestri oirrgspif`egftg).
_ef gablrci, sibrg gstg pufti, hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel sglhl
hi secuegftg;
Lrtáouhi <3.-
<3.- «ifstetuoef
Hl rghloeÿf kurá`eol gftrg hls plrtgs `grevl`l `g hl clrlftál aibehel
aibehel--
rel sibrg gh begf augbhg sg oifstetuyg ag`elftg loti kurá`eoi oifste-
tutevi ufehltgrlh i phurehltgrlh, `gbe`lagftg itircl`i oif hl flhe`l`
`g lsgcurlr gh ouapheaegfti `g ufl ibhecloeÿf.
^lrl qug hl clrlftál aibehelrel sgl ipifebhg jrgftg l tgrogris `gbg
gstlr efsoretl gf gh Rgcestri oirrgspif`egftg´.
Hi sgül hl`i eapheol
eapheol qug
qug hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál
Clrlftál Aibehel
Aibehelrel
rel fi `estefcug
`estefcug
gftrg gh sestgal `gh tátuhi y gh ai`i, pugs hl oifstetuoeÿf `g ufl clrlftál
sg `l gf gh aiagfti gf qug sg oghgbrl gh loti kurá`eoi qug `l floeaegfti
l hl aesal.
Hl clrlftál aibehelrel gs uf loti kurá`eoi ufehltgrlh i phurehltgrlh, jir-
alh i sihgafg.
Gf tlh sgfte`i, gh loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi `gbgrál jiralhezlrsg pir
gsoreti y pi`rì efstruagftlrsg pir oulhquegr ag`ei jgmloegftg qug `gkg
oifstlfoel `g hl vihuftl` `g quegf hi itircl, efohuygf`i gh tåhgx, tghgjlx,
eftgrolabei ghgotrÿfeoi `g `ltis, oirrgi ghgotrÿfeoi y ag`eis ÿpteois i
seaehlrgs, `g oifjirae`l` oif hl Hgy F» 232:5, Hgy `g erals y Ogrte-
Ogrte -
ol`is @ecetlhgs, gh @gorgti _uprgai F» ><5-2>>2-KW_, Rgchlagfti `g hl
Hgy `g erals y Ogrteol`is @ecetlhgs y hls `gaìs firals lpheolbhgs gf
gstl altgrel.
Olbg `gstlolr qug ti`l hl efjiraloeÿf oiaprgf`e`l gf gh loti kurá`eoi
oifstetutevi `gbg oifstlr gf gh jirauhlrei `g efsorepoeÿf oirrgspif`egftg.

3=
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

L`gaìs, `gbgais l`vgrter qug, gf vertu` `gh preagr pìrrlji `gh lr-
táouhi <3 `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel, hl oifstetuoeÿf `g hl clrlftál
aibehelrel fi rgquegrg `g efsorepoeÿf. @g gstl jiral, oiai sg sglhl gf gh
oetl`i lrtáouhi, hl rghloeÿf kurá`eol gftrg hls plrtgs `grevl`l `g hl clrlftál
aibehelrel sibrg gh begf augbhg, sg cgfgrl ag`elftg loti kurá`eoi oifstetu-
tevi ufehltgrlh i phurehltgrlh, `gbe`lagftg itircl`i oif hl flhe`l` `g lsg-
lsg-
curlr gh ouapheaegfti `g ufl ibhecloeÿf.
Fi ibstlftg hi sglhl`i,
sglhl`i, `g lougr`i lh sgcuf`i
sgcuf`i pìrrlji `gh aesai lr-
táouhi, plrl qug hl clrlftál aibehelrel sgl ipifebhg jrgftg l tgrogris, `gbg
gstlr efsoretl gf gh Rgcestri oirrgspif`egftg.
Lmirl begf, rgsuhtl pgrtefgftg rgoir`lr qug hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibe-
helrel gstlbhgog «rgquesetis aáfeais´ qug `gbgf ouapher his lotis kurá`eois
oifstetutevis. @eomis rgquesetis sg gfougftrlf gf gh lrtáouhi <5 `g hl agf-
agf-
oeifl`l hgy .(=<)

Fi ibstlftg, `gbg rgslhtlrsg qug hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel fi

`gslrrihhl hls oifsgougfoels `g efouapher oif his rgquesetis aáfeais. Gs
`goer, hl firal fi sgül hl se gh efoua
efouapheaeg
pheaegfti
fti sg slfoei
slfoeifl
fl oif hl fuhe`l`
fuhe`l`
i fi `gh loti.

(=<) Lrtáouhi <5.- «Oiftgfe`i `gh loti kur á`e

á`eoi
oi oif
oifste
stetu
tu
t ev
evi
i `g
`g hl
hl lr
lcr lf
lftá
tál
l aib
aib
e helrel
Gh loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel `gbgrì oiftgfgr oiai aáfeai;
<. His `ltis qug pgraetlf hl e`gfteoloeÿf, efohuygf`i gh `iaeoehei, `gh oifstetuygftg, `gh lorgg`ir
clrlftezl`i y `gh `gu`ir, lsá oiai hl ral gsoretl i ghgotrÿfeol oulf`i agfis `gh preagri.
2. Gf olsi `g begfgs fi rgcestrl`is, hl `gohlrloeÿf kurl`l `gh oifstetuygftg sibrg su oif`eoeÿf `g
pripegtlrei `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel. Gh oifstetuygftg lsuaerì hls rgspifsl
rgspifsl--
behe`l`gs oevehgs i pgflhgs qug pu`egrlf `grevlrsg
`g revlrsg `g hl jlhsg`l` i efgxlotetu` `g gstl `gohlrloeÿf.
`gohlrloeÿf .
?. Gh vlhir
tgrogri `gh begflougr`i.
`g oiaûf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel, loir`l`i gftrg hls plrtgs i kl`i pir uf
0. Gh aifti `gtgraefl`i i `gtgraeflbhg `gh crlvlagf.
7. Hl e`gfteoloeÿf y hl `gsorepoeÿf `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel. Hl `gsorepoeÿf
sg rglhezlrì prgjgrgftgagftg `g jiral gspgoáol i cgfåreol, sgcûf hi lougr`gf hls plrtgs.
:. Hl `gsorepoeÿf gspgoáol i cgfåreol `g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l, sgcûf hi lougr`gf hls plrtgs.
3. Gh fiabrg i rlzÿf sioelh, `iouagfti ioelh `g e`gfte`l` y `iaeoehei `gh `gpisetlrei, se jugrl gh
olsi.
=. Hl jgoml oegrtl `gh loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi.
5. Gh phlzi `g vecgfoel `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel. ^i`rì plotlrsg uf phlzi ef`gfe`i. Gf `gjgoti `g
phlzi plotl`i, sg prgsuag qug gs ef`gfe`i.
ef`gfe` i.
<>. Hl jiral y oif`eoeifgs `g hl gkgouoeÿf `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel.
<<. f`eoloeÿf `g his `ltis `g efsorepoeÿf `gh begf augbhg gf uf Rgcestri Kurá`eoi `g egfgs, oulf`i
oirrgspif`l.
<2. `gfteoloeÿf `g his rgprgsgftlftgs
rgprgsgftlftg s l qug sg rggrgf his lrtáouhis 03, efoesi <, y 7?, fuagrlh 7?.:,
`g sgr gh olsi.
i`l hl efjiraloeÿf qug lftgog`g `gbgrì oifstlr gf gh jirauhlrei `g efsorepoeÿf oirrgspif`egftg.

35
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

_ef gablrci, y vál eftgrprgtloeÿf, pi`rálais lralr qug hls oifsg- oifsg -
ougfoels `gh efouapheaegfti `g uf rgqueseti aáfeai `gpgf`grìf `g ouìh sgl
`eomi rgqueseti. Lsá, hl fi oifsecfloeÿf `g his `ltis `gh lorgg`ir `grevlrál
gf qug gh loti kurá`eoi sgl efvìhe`i hl fi oifsecfloeÿf `gh phlzi `g vecgfoel
`g hl clrlftál aibehelrel eapheolrál hl lpheoloeÿf `g ufl `espiseoeÿf suphgti-
suphgti-
rel (oiai gh mgomi `g qug sg prgsuag qug gh phlzi gs ef`gfe`i) gftrg itris.

 rihgals rghlteis

rghlteis l hl oifstetuoef `g hl clrlftl aiehelrel

<.2.<.<. Oifsecflr gh `iaeoehei `g hl pgrsifl qug rglhezlrì hl gkgouoeÿf gx-

gx-
trlku`eoelh `g hl clrlftál
L tátuhi gkgapheoltevi, pi`gais oetlr hl Rgsihuoeÿf F» ><2-2><0-
_WFLR^-R-H, l trlvås `g hl oulh sg rgsughvg ufl lpghloeÿf gf hl qug
sg siheoetl hl efsorepoeÿf `g ufl gsoreturl pûbheol `g oifstetuoeÿf ufehltg-
ufehltg -
rlh `g clrlftál aibehelrel itircl`l pir `is pgrsifls l uf tgrogri sibrg uf
vgmáouhi lutiaitrez.
Hl ougsteÿf qug sg phlftgl rl`eol gf se gs rgqueseti plrl hl oifstetu-
oifstetu -
oeÿf `g ufl clrlftál aibehelrel gh ef`eolr gf hl gsoreturl pûbheol `g oifste-
oifste-
tuoeÿf gh `iaeoehei `g hl rgprgsgftlftg gfolrcl`l `g hl gkgouoeÿf gxtrlku-
gxtrlku -
`eoelh `gh begf.
L tlhgs gjgotis, sg oetl gh lrtáouhi <5 `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehel-
Aibehel-
rel, gh oulh, gf su efoesi <, sgül hl qug
qug gh loti kurá`
kurá`eoi
eoi oifstet
oifstetutevi
utevi `gbgr
`gbgrìì
oiftgfgr oiai aáfeai his `ltis qug pgraetlf hl e`gfteoloeÿf, efohu- efohu-
ygf`i gh `iaeoehei `gh oifstetuygftg, `gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i y `gh `gu-
`ir.. Hi aesai sglhl gh lrtáouhi ??, efoesi <2, `g hl oetl`l Hgy.
`ir
@gftri `g tlh ir`gf `g e`gls, sg sglhl qug `gh fuagrlh < `gh lrtáouhi
=? `gh Rgchlagfti `g fsorepoeifgs `gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis
y su vefouhloeÿf oif his rgcestris kurá`eois `g begfgs augbhgs, rgspgoti `gh
oiftgfe`i `gh lsegfti ghgotrÿfeoi `g clrlftáls aibehelrels, sg `gsprgf`g hi
secuegftg;
Lrtáouhi =?.-
=?.- «segfti ghgotrfeoi `g clrlftls aiehelrels.- gh
lsegfti `g efsorepoeÿf `gh loti oifstetutevi `g clrlftál aibehelrel
oiftgf`rì;
<. Fiabrg, `gfiaefloeÿf
`gfiaefloeÿf i rlzÿf sioelh, `iouagfti
`iouagfti ioelh `g e`gf
e`gf--
te`l`, y `iaeoehei `gh;

=>
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

- @gu`ir.
- Oifstetuygftg.
- Lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i.
- @gpisetlrei.
- Rgprgsgftlftgs, oifjirag his lrtáouhis 03, fuagrlh < y 7?,
fuagrlh : `g hl Hgy.
.
Gf gsg gftgf`gr, gh `iaeoehei gs ufl olrlotgrásteol `g e`gfteoloeÿf
qug rgsuhtl ibhecltirel plrl gh oifstetuygftg, gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i y gh
`gu`ir, segf`i åstg jlouhtltevi `g oifsecflrsg plrl gh olsi `gh rgprgsgf-
rgprgsgf-
tlftg gfolrcl`i `g hl gkgouoeÿf gxtrlku`eoelh.
Gf gsg gftgf`gr, `eomi rgqueseti, lh fi sgr uf rgqueseti `gh loti oifste-
tutevi `gh loti kurá`eoi, fi pug`g sgr gxece`i `gftri `gh aesai plrl hl efs-
orepoeÿf `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel.

_ef pgrkueoei
gfolrcl`i `g ghhi, hlgxtrlku`eoelh
`g hl gkgouoeÿf hgy sglhl qug hl `ergooeÿf
`gbg sgr plrtg `gh
`gh rgprgsgftlftg
lsegfti ghgo-
ghgo-
trÿfeoi `g efsorepoeÿf, pir hi qug lh fi gfoiftrlrsg sglhl`i gh `iaeoe-
`iaeoe-
hei gf gh loti oifstetutevi `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel, åstg pug`g sgr pripir-
oeifl`i pir itris ag`eis qug sg oifse`grgf fgogslreis plrl gxtgf`gr gh
lsegfti rgcestrlh.
Gf gsg sgfte`i, oif hl flhe`l` `g subslflr gh `gjgoti l`vgrte`i sg
prgsgftÿ ufl `gohlrloeÿf kurl`l jirauhl`l pir hl rgprgsgftlftg gfolrcl`l
`g hl gkgouoeÿf gxtrlku`eoelh oif ral hgclhezl`l pir fitlrei pûbheoi, gf
`if`g sgül hl
hlbl
bl su `i
`iae
aeoe
oehe
hei.
i.

Lh rgspgoti, `gbg tgfgrsg gf ougftl qug gf gh H ^hgfi Rgcestrlh, oghg-

brl`i his `áls ?, 0 y 7 `g lcisti `g 2>>5, sg lpribÿ oiai prgog`gftg `g
ibsgrvlfoel ibhecltirel gh secuegftg oretgrei;
A_ F @G @L
A_F @L_
_ GF GH WH
_e gf gh `iouagfti ku`eoelh i l`aefestrltevi qug `l aåreti plrl hl
efsorepoeÿf sg ml iaete`i lhcûf `lti qug `gbl oifstlr gf gh lsegfti,
`eoml iaeseÿf pug`g sgr subslfl`l oif hl prgsgftloeÿf `g `iouagf-
`iouagf-
tis oiaphgagftlreis, tlhgs oiai gh @F, plrte`l `g altreaifei, plr-
te`l `g `gjufoeÿf, `gohlrloeÿf kurl`l i olrfgt `g gxtrlfkgrál, gftrg
itris, sef rgqugrersg rgsihuoeÿf lohlrltirel.

=<
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

@g hi sglhl`i, sg tegfg qug se begf gh oretgrei gstlbhgoe`i gf gh prgog-

prgog -
`gftg sg gfougftrl rgjgre`i l hl iaeseÿf `g `ltis gf uf `iouagfti ku`e- ku`e-
oelh i l`aefestrltevi, hl efstlfoel qug ml rgsughti hl lpghloeÿf qug gstlais
oetlf`i, ml oifse`grl`i qug `eomi oretgrei tlabeåf pug`g sgr lpheol`i trl-
tìf`isg `g efstruagftis pûbheois fitlrelhgs.
Gf tlh sgfte`i, segf`i qug gf gh prgsgftg olsi sg iaeteÿ oifsecflr gh
`iaeoehei `g hl rgprgsgftlftg gfolrcl`l `g hl gkgouoeÿf gxtrlku`eoelh gf hl
gsoreturl pûbheol `g oifstetuoeÿf `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel, y gf tlfti `eoml
iaeseÿf ml se`i subslfl`l oif hl `gohlrloeÿf kurl`l prgsgftl`l `if`g
ef`eol su `iaeoehei lotulh, oirrgspif`g rgviolr hl ibsgrvloeÿf jirauhl`l
pir gh rgcestrl`ir(=2).
<.2.<.2. Aifti `gh crlvlagf `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel
Ag`elftg Rgsihuoeÿf F» >02-2>>3-_WFLR^-R-L, sg sglhÿ qug gf
lpheoloeÿf `gh lrtáouhi =? `g hl Rgsihuoeÿf F» <02-2>>:-_WFLR^/_F,
oifoir`lftg oif gh lrtáouhi <5 `g hl Hgy F» 2=:33, gh loti oifstetutevi `g
hl clrlftál aibehelrel `gbg oifsecflr gh aifti `gtgraefl`i i `gtgraefl-
bhg `gh crlvlagf, `gbegf`i ef`eolr
ef`eolr,, gf gstg ûhteai olsi, gh i his oretgreis
lpheolbhgs plrl su `gtgraefloeÿf.
Gf tlh sgfte`i, sglhl `eoml Rgsihuoeÿf, gh aifti `gh crlvlagf sgrì
`gtgraefl`i oulf`i sgl pgrjgotlagftg oifioe`i i e`gfteol`i, y sgrì
`gtgraeflbhg oulf`i luf fi gstlf`i recurislagftg `gtgraefl`i gf uf
aiagfti `l`i, pug`l hhgclr l `gtgraeflrsg `ergotl i ef`ergotlagftg, sef
fgogse`l` `g fugvi lougr`i i `gohlrloeÿf `g vihuftl`.
Gf gh olsi agfoeifl`i, gh pribhgal rl`eolbl gf qug rgvesl`l hl gsore-
turl pûbheol, sg sgül hlbl qug
qug gh aifti
aifti `gh crlvl
crlvlagf
agf grl eculh lh eapirtg
eapirtg
titlh qug sg gfoiftrlbl i pi`ál gfoiftrlrsg gf gh juturi gf hls ougftls ef`e-
ef`e-
ol`ls gf gh fuagrlh < `g uf Lfgxi `gtgraefl`i, y lh sgr rgvesl`i `eomi
Lfgxi fi sg ef`eolbl ouìh grl gh aifti (olfte`l` gf jiral gxprgsl) mlstl
pir gh oulh lsogf`ál hl clrlftál aibehelrel. Gs `goer
`goer,, gh aifti `gh crlvl-
agf `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel qug sg oifstetuyÿ grl eculh lh eapirtg titlh
qug sg gfoiftrlbl i pi`ál gfoiftrlrsg gf gh juturi gf hls ougftls sglhl`ls
gf gh Lfgxi, gf gh aiagfti `g ol`l lpheoloeÿf y/i `g su gkgouoeÿf flh.

(=2) _eaehlr oretgrei sg pug`g gfoiftrlr gf hl Rgsihuoeÿf F» <=>?-2><?-_WFLR^-R-H, `g jgoml ?< `g

iotubrg `g 2><?.

=2
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Gf gsg sgfte`i, `eoml ohìusuhl, `gs`g gh pufti `g vestl `g hls plrtgs

oiftrltlftgs pi`ál sgr `gtgraeflbhg, pugs ghhls y sÿhi ghhls slbálf ouìh grl
hl sual `g `efgri qug sg gfoiftrlbl `gpisetl`l gf `eoml ougftl gf `gtgr-
aefl`i aiagfti, pgri `gs`g gh pufti `g vestl `gh tgrogri, l quegfgs juf-juf -
`lagftlhagftg gstlbl `erece`l hl `gtgraeflbehe`l` `gh aifti `gh crlvl-
agf, rgsuhtlbl ef`gtgraefl`l, pirqug gh tgrogri fi pi`ál `gtgraeflr gf gh
Rgcestri gh aifti `gh crlvlagf, hi oulh gf hi goifÿaeoi rgterlbl l `eomi
begf `gh trìoi pltreaifelh, y l `eomi `gu`ir `gh sestgal goifÿaeoi,
goifÿaeoi, pugs
segf`i qug gh begf clrlftezl`i pi`ál sgr ibkgti `g sgcuf`ls clrlftáls l
jlvir `g pgrsifls `esteftls, rgsuhtlbl ohlri qug fl`eg lsuaerál uf regsci fi
agsurlbhg oulftetltevlagftg mlbhlf`i, yl qug fi sg slbg mlstl quå aifti
pi`ál gkgoutlrsg hl preagrl clrlftál
clrlftál efsoretl.
^ir tlhgs oifse`grloeifgs, gf gsg olsi, sg oifraÿ hl `gfgcltirel `g
efsorepoeÿf `g `eoml siheoetu`.

<.?
. Gh rgcestri
rgcestri `g hl clrlftál
clrlftál aibehelrel
aibehelrel sibrg
sibrg begfgs
begfgs augbhgs
au gbhgs oirpÿ
oirpÿrgis
rgis
_gcûf ibsgrvlais gf gh lrtáouhi <3 `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehel-
Aibehel -
rel, hl ipifebehe`l` `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel oifstetue`l `gpgf`g `g qug
åstl sg gfougftrg efsoretl gf gh rgcestri oirrgspif`egftg.
Lsá, lufqug hls vgftlkls y his bgfgoeis `g uf sestgal `g clrlftál
aibehelrel lpiyl`i gf hl sgcure`l` qug ijrgog hl efsorepoeÿf rgcestrlh, sg
prgsgftlf oiai efougsteiflbhgs `gs`g uf phlfi tgÿreoi y, pir hi aesai,
kusteolf gh eftgfti `g gheaeflr ti`i rlstri `gh sestgal `g clrlftál rglh `g
hl prgf`l qug prgog`eÿ lh rgcuhl`i gf hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel, hi
oegrti gs qug hl ve`l fi sg `gslrrihhl gf `eomi phlfi. Hls rghloeifgs goi-
fÿaeols sg `gslrrihhlf gf uf phlfi rglh y prìoteoi, hhgfi `g alteogs. Gf gh
^grû, gsg phlfi rglh `gtgraefl qug hl clrlftál aibehelrel efsoretl gf rgces-
tris, gs `goer, hl clrlftál aibehelrel phgfl i pgrjgotl, fi sgl gh ûfeoi agol-
agol-
fesai gaphgl`i pir hls pgrsifls oiai ag`ei plrl clrlftezlr uf orå`eti l
trlvås `g hl ljgotloeÿf `g uf begf augbhg.
@evgrsls sif hls jirals l trlvås `g hls oulhgs `gtgraefl`ls gaprgsls
itirclf orå`etis l pgrsifls qug `gklf gf prgf`l ibkgtis `g lhcûf vlhir.
vlhir. Hls
pgrsifls flturlhgs, gf sus rghloeifgs org`eteoels, iptlf pir hl efjiralhe`l`
lh fi efsoreber gh oiftrlti.

=?
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Oiai sg pug`g lprgoelr, gftifogs, `g lougr`i l hl Hgy `g hl Clrlf-

tál Aibehelrel, ufl clrlftál aibehelrel fi sgrì phgfl i pgrjgotl, gsti gs,
fi sgrì ipifebhg jrgftg l tgrogris, se gh tátuhi oifstetutevi fi sg gfougftrl
efsoreti. Ghhi gs lsá, pirqug hl firal, lh oif`eoeiflr hl ipifebehe`l` `g hl
clrlftál l su efsorepoeÿf, tegfg pir ibkgtevi ohlri y oiforgti gh qug ti`i
lqugh qug `gsgg clrlftezlr gh ouapheaegfti `g ufl ibhecloeÿf ag`elftg
hl ljgotloeÿf `g uf begf augbhg, sg vgl jirzl`i l efsoreber gh loti kurá`eoi
oifstetutevi.
Lmirl begf, yl fis mgais rgjgre`i lh oifogpti y oiftgfe`i `g his
Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g egfgs y `gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis y fi
vlais l rgetgrlr oifogptis. _ef gablrci, rgsuhtl pgrtefgftg sglhlr quå
efjiraloeÿf rgoicgf y pubheoetlf gstis rgcestris, rlzÿf pir hl oulh gs pgrte
pgrte--
fgftg oetlr gh lrtáouhi ?? `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel;
Lrtáouhi ??.-
??.- «iftgfe`i `gh lsegfti ghgotrfeoi
Gh lsegfti ghgotrÿfeoi `gbgrì oiftgfgr;
<. Fiabrg i rlzÿf sioelh, `iouagfti ioelh `g e`gfte`l` y `iaeoe
`iaeoe--
hei `gh `gu`ir y, gf su olsi, `gh oifstetuygftg.
2. Fiabrg i rlzÿf sioelh, `iouagfti ioelh `g e`gfte`l` y `iaeoe
`iaeoe--
hei `gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i.
?. @gsorepoeÿf `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel,
sgcûf gh efoesi 7 `gh lrtáouhi <5 `g hl prgsgftg Hgy.
0. Gf olsi `g begfgs fi rgcestrl`is, hl `gohlrloeÿf kurl`l `gh oifste
oifste--
tuygftg sibrg su oif`eoeÿf `g pripegtlrei `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i
gf clrlftál aibehelrel. Gh oifstetuygftg lsuaerì hls rgspifslbehe`l-
`gs oevehgs i pgflhgs qug pu`egrlf `grevlrsg `g hl jlhsg`l` i efgxlo
efgxlo--
tetu` `g gstl `gohlrloeÿf.
7. Gh `gh
oehei fiabrg i rlzÿfsesioelh,
`gpisetlrei, jugrl `iouagfti
gh olsi. ioelh `g e`gfte`l` y `iae
`iae--
:. iral y oif`eoeifgs `g hl gkgouoeÿf `gh begf augbhg.
3. Gh vlhir `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel, loir`l`i
gftrg hls plrtgs i kl`i pir uf tgrogri `g oiaûf lougr`i.
=. Aifti `gtgraefl`i i `gtgraeflbhg `gh crlvlagf.
5. Jgoml oegrtl `gh loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel.
<>. ^hlzi `g vecgfoel `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel efsoretl, sgcûf hi
sgül hl`i gf gh loti
loti kurá`eoi
kurá`eoi oifstetut
oifstetutevi
evi `g hl clrlftál
clrlftál aibehelr
aibehelrel.
el.
<<. @ltis `g efsorepoeÿf `gh begf augbhg gf uf rgcestri `g begfgs,
oulf`i oirrgspif`l.

=0
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

<2. `gfteoloeÿf `g his rgprgsgftlftgs (fiabrg i rlzÿf sioelh, `iou

`iou--
agfti ioelh `g e`gfte`l` y `iaeoehei) l qug sg rggrgf his lrtáouhis
03, efoesi <, y 7?, fuagrlh 7?.:, `g sgr gh olsi.
Hl efjiraloeÿf qug lftgog`g `gbgrì oifstlr, gf oulfti sgl lpheolbhg,
gf gh lsegfti ghgotrÿfeoi `g his itris lotis efsorebebhgs.
Olbg sgül hlr qug gxestg
gxestg auoml
auoml seaehet
seaehetu`
u` gftrg
gftrg his rgqueset
rgquesetis
is gxece-
gxece-
`is plrl gh loti oifstetutevi y his `ltis qug `gbg oiftgfgr gh lsegfti ghgo-
trÿfeoi (rgcestri).

<.0. @grgois  ibhecloeifgs `gh oifstetugftg  `gh gvgftulh l`uergftg

i `gpisetlrei

L gjgotis
gjgotis `g `gslrrihhlr gstg loìpetg, `gbgais tgfgr gf ougftl hi sgl sgl--
hl`i pir gh lrtáouhi << `g hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel;
Lrtáouhii <<.- «@ grgomi
Lrtáouh grgomiss y `gb
g rgs `g
`ghh oif
oifst
stet
etu
yu gftg y `gh gvgftu
lh
lh
l`q
e regftg i `gp
u is etlrei
Gh oifstetuygftg i, gf su olsi, gh gvgftulh l`quergftg `gh begf aug-
bhg ljgoti gf clrlftál aibehelrel, tgf`rì, slhvi ploti `estefti, his
secuegftgs `grgomis y `gbgrgs;
<. Gh `grgomi `g uslr, `esjrutlr y `espifgr `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i
gf clrlftál aibehelrel, efohue`is sus jrutis y pri`uotis. @gbgrì lbs-
lbs-
tgfgrsg `g ti`i loti qug eapirtg lbusi `gh begf augbhg4
2. Hl ibhecloeÿf `g gftrgclr hl pisgseÿf `gh begf augbhg `l`i gf
clrlftál aibehelrel lh rgprgsgftlftg `gsecfl`i plrl su vgftl i, gf su
`gjgoti, lh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i oulf`i åstg fitequg lh oifstetu-
oifstetu-
ygftg su `goeseÿf `g priog`gr l hl gkgouoeÿf `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel
?. Hl ibhecloeÿf `g oifsgrvlr gh begf augbhg ljgoti gf clrlftál
aibehelrel
oifstetuygftgy, oifsgougftgagftg, gvetlr l`quergftg,
i, gf su olsi, gh gvgftulh su pår`e`l i`lü
`gtgreiri.
l rl i pu _egrl
puse ghl
segr
gf pghecri gh begf augbhg `l`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel, gh lorgg`ir
clrlftezl`i tgf`rì `grgomi l gxecer su gftrgcl gf `gpÿseti l ufl tgr-
ogrl pgrsifl i priog`gr l hl gkgouoeÿf `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel oif-
oif-
jirag lh átuhi  `g hl prgsgftg Hgy, sef pgrkueoei `gh `grgomi l
siheoetlr hl gftrgcl `g uf begf augbhg `g eculh i alyir vlhir lh qug
rggaphlzl gh `gtgreiri i `li `gh begf augbhg sg vgreolrì oiapl-
oiapl-
rlf`i gh gstl`i `g oifsgrvloeÿf gfoiftrl`i, oif gh `gohlrl`i gf gh
efoesi 7 `gh lrtáouhi <5 `g hl prgsgftg Hgy i ag`elftg pgretlkg loir -
`l`i gftrg hls plrtgs4

=7
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

0. Hl ibhecloeÿf `g pgraeter qug gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i efspgooeifg

gf oulhquegr aiagfti gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel
plrl vgreolr su olfte`l`, olhe`l` y gstl`i `g oifsgrvloeÿf. @eoml
efspgooeÿf fi `gbg pgrturblr hl pisgseÿf ploáol y rgcuhlr `gh oifs-
oifs-
tetuygftg i, gf su olsi, `gh gvgftulh l`quergftg4 y,
7. Hl ibhecloeÿf `g efjiralr, pir oif`uoti fitlrelh, lh lorgg`ir
clrlftezl`i sibrg hl ubeoloeÿf, trlshl`i, vgftl, trlfsjiraloeÿf i
trlfsjgrgfoel `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel, qug
fi gstì efoirpirl`i gf uf Rgcestri Kurá`eoi.
Gs lpheolbhg lh gvgftulh `gpisetlrei hi gstlbhgoe`i gf his efoesis 2, ?,
0 y 7 `g gstg lrtáouhi.
Lftgs `g `gslrrihhlr his lholfogs y heaetloeifgs `g ol`l ufi `g gstis
`grgomis y `gbgrgs `gh oifstetuygftg y `gh gvgftulh l`queregftg i `gpise-
tlrei, `gbgais prgoeslr qug his aesais sif `g flturlhgzl suphgtirel, pugs
hls plrtgs, tlh oiai sg sglhl gf gh preagr pìrrlji `gh oetl`i lrtáouhi, pug-
pug-
`gf plotlr lhci `estefti l hi gstlbhgoe`i pir `eoml firal.
Lmirl begf, l oiftefuloeÿf gh `gslrrihhi `gh oiftgfe`i `gh lrtáouhi <<
`g hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel.

 grgomi lh usi `esrutg  `espiseoef `gh egf lgotl`i

Gh efoesi < `gh lrtáouhi << `g hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel sgül hl

qug luf hugci `gh floeaegfti `g hl clrlftál, gh oifstetuygftg alftegfg
efoÿhuags hls jlouhtl`gs gsgfoelhgs `g hl pripeg`l`, segf`i gstls gh usi,
`esjrutg, `espiseoeÿf y rgevef`eoloeÿf.
Hi sglhl`i secfeol qug gh oifstetuygftg pug`g, pir gkgaphi, usu-usu-
jruotulr i efohusi trlfsjgrer gh begf. labeåf pug`g, ohlri gstì, vihvgr l
crlvlr gh begf.
Hhlal hl ltgfoeÿf qug hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel pgraetl gh
ploti gf oiftrlrei, yl qug hl rgchl gf gh sestgal hgclh pgrulfi gs qug fi
rgsuhtl pisebhg plotlr hl primebeoeÿf `g crlvlr i trlfsjgrer uf begf(=?) y, sef

(=?) `eci eeh;

Lrtáouhi ==2.- Fi sg pug`g gstlbhgogr oiftrlotulhagftg hl primebeoeÿf `g gflkgflr i crlvlr, slhvi
qug hl hgy hi pgraetl´.

=:
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

gablrci, hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel sá hi pgraetg, gstlbhgoegf`i ufl

gxogpoeÿf l hl rgchl.
^ir itrl plrtg, sg pug`g lprgoelr qug gh hgceshl`ir pgrulfi eapusi,
kufti l hl gxpiseoeÿf `gh `grgomi,
`grgomi, hl primebeoeÿf `g rglhezlr oulhquegr loti
qug secfequg uf lbusi sibrg gh begf.
@eomi lbusi sibrg gh begf `gbg gftgf`grsg, flturlhagftg, oiai
uf supugsti `g lbusi `g `grgomi, curl qug sg gfougftrl primebe`l tlfti
l fevgh oeveh oiai oifstetuoeiflh(=0), g eapheol gh gkgroeoei `gspripiroei-
fl`i y `gsflturlhezl`i `g `gtgraefl`i `grgomi, gh oulh pi`rál oifhhgvlr,
efohusi, uf pgrkueoei plrl tgrogris.
Gf gh olsi altgrel `g lfìheses, gh «lbusi `gh begf´ pug`g gftgf`grsg
oiai ti`ls lqughhls oif`uotls qug gxog`gf gh gstìf`lr gspgrl`i plrl hl
gxphitloeÿf i `espiseoeÿf `gh aesai.

 hecloef `g gftrgclr gh egf lh rgprgsgftlftg `gsecfl`i plrl su

gftl i gf su `ggoti lh lorgg`ir oulf`i stg fitejug lh oifstetu -
gftg hl `goesef `g priog`gr
priog`gr l hl ggouoef

Hl ibhecloeÿf oiftgfe`l gf gh efoesi 2 `gh lrtáouhi << `g hl Hgy `g hl

lrlftál Aibehelrel gs auy eapirtlftg plrl hl jufoeiflhe`l` y utehe`l` `g
hl clrlftál aibehelrel. Lsá, hl ibhecloeÿf `g gftrgclr gh begf rgsuhtl vetlh
plrl qug åstg, pistgreiragftg, pug`l
pug`l sgr trlfsjgre`i.
Hi sglhl`i sg `gbg l qug, gf gh sestgal kurá`eoi pgrulfi, hl trl`eoeÿf
`gh begf augbhg gs uf ghgagfti gsgfoelh `g hl trlfsjgrgfoel `gh `iaefei.
^ir ghhi, se fi sg gftrgcl gh begf lh lorgg`ir (i lh rgprgsgftlftg `gsecfl`i
plrl su vgftl), åstg fi pi`rì, l su vgz, gftrgclr gh begf l uf gvgftulh(=7)
oia-
prl`ir.. Lsá, hl eapisebehe`l` `g gftrgcl secfeol, slhvi gxogpoeifgs , hl
prl`ir
eapisebehe`l` `g trlfsjgrgfoel.

(=0) Oÿ`eci Oeveh (átuhi ^rgheaeflr);

Lrtáouhi EE
EE.-
.- Hl hgy fi laplrl gh gkgroeoei fe hl iaeseÿf lbusevl `g uf `grgomi. Lh `galf`lr ef`ga-
ef`ga -
fezloeÿf u itrl prgtgfseÿf, gh eftgrgsl`i pug`g siheoetlr hls ag`e`ls olutghlrgs lpripel`ls plrl gvetlr
i supreaer priveseiflhagftg gh lbusi´.
ifstetuoef ihteol `gh gr;
Lrtáouhi <>?.- 
Hl oifstetuoeÿf fi laplrl gh lbusi `g `grgomi.
(=7) Hls gxogpoeifgs sg gfougftrlf rgprgsgftl`ls pir lqughhis supugstis gf his qug priog`g hl trl`eoeÿf
otl (lrtáouhi 5>< y secuegftgs `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh).

=3
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Olbg rgoir`lr qug gh lrtáouhi 7>(=:) `g hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel

`espifg qug gh pisgg`ir `gh begf (qug pug`g sgr tlfti gh oifstetuygftg `g hl
clrlftál, oiai uf gvgftulh l`quergftg) rgspif`g, oif hl olhe`l` `g `gpi-
setlrei, `g hl ousti`el y gftrgcl efag`eltl `gh begf augbhg. @eomi fuagrlh
sglhl tlabeåf qug gstl rgspifslbehe`l` fi sÿhi gs oeveh, sefi tlabeåf pgflh.
 hecloef `g oifsgrlr gh egf
Gh efoesi ? `gh lrtáouhi << `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel gstlbhgog
hl ibhecloeÿf `g alftgfgr gh begf gf bugf gstl`i `g oifsgrvloeÿf. Gs `goer,
`gbgrì oue`lrhi y pritgcgrhi, lsá oiai `lrhg uf usi l`goul`i, qug `g fef-
cufl alfgrl pug`l secfeolr uf pghecri plrl su eftgcre`l`.
Lseaesai, `eomi efoesi sglhl qug gh efouapheaegfti gf hl ibhecloeÿf `g
oifsgrvlr gh begf itircl lh lorgg`ir gh `grgomi `g gxecer hl gftrgcl
gftrg cl `gh begf gf
`gpÿseti l uf tgrogri, i gh `grgomi `g priog`gr l hl gkgouoeÿf `g hl clrlftál.

hl`isHlgffiral tlabeåf
gh pìrrlji gstlbhgog
lftgreir, qug, sef tegfg
gh lorgg`ir pgrkueoei `g his `grgomis
hl jlouhtl` sgülhl-
`g siheoetlr
gftrgcl `g uf begf `g eculh i alyir vlhir lh qug rggaphlzl. _ibrg gstg
pufti, sg ml sgül hl
hl`i
`i hi se
secu
cueg
egft
ftg;
g;
^gsg lh tgxti `g hl firal `gbgais gftgf`gr qug gh lorgg`ir ghecg
gftrg hl gftrgcl `gh begf, hl gkgouoeÿf lfteoepl`l i gh rggaphlzi.
Lmirl begf, fl`l ibstl plrl qug lhcufl `g gstls ag`e`ls sg `gf `g
alfgrl suogsevl, pir gkgaphi lftg gh `lüi i pghecri `gh begf gh lorgg-
`ir pe`g hl gftrgcl oiai ag`e`l prgolutirel pgri lh aesai tegapi
gxecg su rggaphlzi´(=3).

 hecloef `g pgraeter ug gh lorgg`ir rglheog efspgooeifgs sirg

gh b
e gf
Aegftrls qug hl ibhecloeÿf lftgreir gstlbhgog oifsgougfoels gx is is t
p
(gs `goer, `gspuås `g rglhezl`i gh `lüi i pgrkueoei), hl prgsgftg firal tegfg

(=:) Lrtáouhi 7>.-

7>.- «Rgspifs lbe he
he`l
`l`
` `gh
`gh is
i s gg
p gg`i
`irr `gh
`gh b
e gf au
g b
h g
Gf hl clrlftál aibehelrel l qug sg rggrg gstl Hgy, gh pisgg`ir `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál
gs rgspifslbhg oeveh y pgflhagftg, oif hl olhe`l` `g `gpisetlrei, `g hl ousti`el y gftrgcl efag`eltl
`gh begf augbhg l quegf oirrgspif`l´.
(=3) AGKRL@L OLWOL, Alrtáf. lrlftál aibehelrel; fivg`l` y rgevef`eoloeÿf. Gf Pmgaes.
Rgvestl g`etl`l pir his gstu`elftgs `g hl louhtl` `g @grgomi `g hl ^ifteoel Wfevgrse`l` Oltÿheol
`gh ^grû, F» 72, 2>>:, p. 25?.

==
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

flturlhgzl gx lftg, oifsestgftg gf prgvgfer gh `lüi i pgrkueoei `gh begf

`l`i gf clrlftál.
Lsá, hl ibhecloeÿf `g pgraeter qug gh lorgg`ir efspgooeifg gh begf,
oifhhgvl l qug åstg pug`l ogroeirlrsg `g qug gh begf sg alftegfg gf bugf
gstl`i `g oifsgrvloeÿf, hi oulh rgsuhtl rghgvlftg, yl qug `eomi begf (y,
gf gspgoelh, su vlhir) pi`rì sgr gaphgl`i plrl gh plci lftg uf gvgftulh
efouapheaegfti.
Gf gsg ir`gf `g e`gls, olbg `goer qug hl efspgooeÿf gs hl vgreoloeÿf
`gh oistg gs `goer, vgreolr olfte`l`, olhe`l` y gstl`i `g oifsgrvloeÿf. Fi
gs aìs qug uf gxlagf `g vlhirloeÿf. Gh loti `g efspgooeÿf pug`g sgr auy
sgfoehhi i rgvgster oegrtl oiaphgke`l`, sgcûf hl flturlhgzl `gh begf. _e gh
begf gs ufi ouyi jufoeiflaegfti i oifsgrvloeÿf rgquegrg `g prugbls tåo- tåo -
feols, gh `grgomi `g efspgooeÿf oiaprgf`g hl rglhezloeÿf `g `eomls prug-prug-
bls. Gh lorgg`ir tlabeåf
tlabeåf pug`g vgreolr his priogsis `g ousti`el
ousti`el y oifsgr-
vloeÿf qug gh pisgg`ir utehezl plrl gh oue`l`i `gh begf, pugs gf ghhis pi`rál
gstlr hl olusl `g uf gvgftulh pgrkueoei(==).
_ef pgrkueoei `g hi sglhl`i, olbg `goer qug hl ibhecloeÿf `g pgraeter
qug gh lorgg`ir rglheog efspgooeifgs fi secfeol qug gh oifstetuygftg (i gh
gvgftulh l`quergftg) tgfcl qug vgrsg ljgotl`i efkustlagftg gf su pisgseÿf.
Gs `goer, fi `gbg gxester `gspripiroeÿf gftrg gh `grgomi qug tegfgf labls
plrtgs, tlfti `g pisggr gh begf oiai `g rglhezlr ufl efspgooeÿf lh aesai.
Fi ibstlftg, ufl efspgooeÿf secfeol fgogslrelagftg ufl pgrturbloeÿf, y
åstl `gbg rglhezlrsg `g hl jiral aìs pif`grl`l y pru`gftg pisebhg. ^ir ghhi
gs qug rgsuhtl eapirtlftg tgfgr gf ougftl quå tepi `g begf gs gh qug vl l sgr
ibkgti `g efspgooeÿf, yl qug oiai sg `eki fi ti`is his begfgs sif ecul-
ecul -
hgs, rlzÿf
tegapi, pir hl youlh
gsploei mlbrì qug gstlr l hi qug `eotgf hls oeroufstlfoels `g
huclr.

 hecloef `g efiralr lh lorgg`ir sirg hl ueoloef trlshl`i

gftl trlfsiraloef i trlfsgrgfoel `gh egf fi rgcestrl`i

@gbgais sglhlr qug gstl ibhecloeÿf sg lpheol ûfeolagftg plrl lqughhis

begfgs qug fi pug`gf sgr rgcestrl`is
rgcestrl`is gf his Rgcestris Kurá`eois
Kurá`eois `g egfgs.

(==) Á`ga., p. 250.

=5
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Gs `goer, l oiftrlrei, sg trltl `g ufl ibhecloeÿf qug tegfg ti`l clrlftál qug
sg gfougftrl oiftgaphl`l gf gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis.
Hl rlzÿf `g ghhi rl`eol gf qug his begfgs ubeol`is gf gh Rgcestri Aibe-
Aibe-
helrei `g Oiftrltis tegfgf uf alyir regsci plrl gh lorgg`ir, `g sgr efûte-
hgs gf hl prìoteol, yl qug, lh olrgogr `gh ltrebuti `g hl pgrsgoutireg`l`, gh
lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i sujrg `g uf regsci alyir.
Gf gsg sgfte`i, olbg sglhlr qug gh efouapheaegfti `g gstl ibhecloeÿf
oifhhgvl l qug gh lorgg`ir pug`l l`ghlftlr hl gkgouoeÿf `g hl clrlftál.
^ir ûhteai, gs eapirtlftg `goer qug plrl gh ouapheaegfti `g gstl ibhe-
cloeÿf sg eapifg ufl jiralhe`l`; hl oiaufeoloeÿf `gbg sgr vál fitlrelh.
Ghhi, flturlhagftg, l gjgotis `g itirclr ufl alyir sgcure`l` kurá`eol.

<.7. @grgomis y ibhec

lo ei
lo eifgs
fgs `gh
`gh lo
lorg
rgg`
g`ir
ir c
lr lft
fteezl`i

kuftiLh`geculh qug gh `gu`ir,

ibhecloeifgs gh lorgg`ir
y `grgomis. Gstisclrlftezl`i tlabeåf
sg gfougftrlf tegfggf
rgoice`is ufghoif-
lr-
táouhi <2 `g hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel;
Lrtáouhi <2.- «@grgomi
@grgomiss y `gbg rgs `gh
`gh lor
lorgg
gg`i
`irr lr
l
c r lf
lfte
tezl
zl`i
`i
Gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i, slhvi ploti `estefti, tegfg gh `grgomi `g gkg-
outlr hl clrlftál aibehelrel oulf`i sg pri`uzol gh efouapheaegfti `g
hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l.
Gxogpoeiflhagftg, gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i pi`rì gkgoutlr hl clrlf-
tál aibehelrel lftgs `gh vgfoeaegfti `g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l,
oulf`i ougftg oif juf`lagftis rlziflbhgs y ibkgtevis `g qug gh
begf augbhg `l`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel fi sg gfougftrl `gbe`l-
agftg oifsgrvl`i
`eouhtlr i `gsoubregrl
i mlogr eapisebhg itrls oeroufstlfoels
hl gkgouoeÿf qug pu`egrlf
`g hl clrlftál aibehelrel.
Gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i, gf olsi `g qug tuvegsg hl pisgseÿf `gh begf
augbhg, tgf`rì hl olhe`l` `g `gpisetlrei y `gbgrì oue`lrhi y alf-
tgfgrhi gf bugf gstl`i. _e gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i `llrl i pusegrl
gf pghecri gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel, gh `gu`ir
i gh oifstetuygftg tgf`rìf `grgomi l gxecer su gftrgcl gf `gpÿseti l
ufl tgrogrl pgrsifl, sef pgrkueoei `g hl ef`gafezloeÿf l qug mubegrg
huclr gh `gtgreiri i `li `gh begf augbhg sg vgreolrì oiaplrlf`i
gh gstl`i `g oifsgrvloeÿf gfoiftrl`i oif gh `gohlrl`i gf gh efoesi 7
`gh lrtáouhi <5 `g hl prgsgftg Hgy i ag`elftg pgretlkg loir`l`i gftrg
hls plrtgs.

5>
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

_e gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i tegfg hl pisgseÿf `gh begf `l`i gf clrlftál

aibehelrel y åstg pri`uog jrutis i eftgrgsgs, gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i
his pgroeberì pir ougftl `gh `gu`ir, y his eaputlrì l his eftgrgsgs `g
hl `gu`l clrlftezl`l y gh gxogsi qug mubegrg lh olpetlh4 slhvi ploti
gf oiftrlrei.
Gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i gstì ibhecl`i l `gvihvgr gh begf ljgotl`i
gf clrlftál aibehelrel lh oifstetuygftg i `gu`ir oulf`i sg ouaphl
oif hl ibhecloeÿf prefoeplh clrlftezl`l. _e sg pgr`egrg i `gstruygrg
gh begf `l`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel, åstg sgrì plcl`i pir gh lorgg`ir
clrlftezl`i, quegf sÿhi pi`rì gxeaersg `g gstl
gs tl ibhecloeÿf, priblf`i
qug fi sg pgr`eÿ i `gstruyÿ pir su ouhpl. Oulf`i hl pår`e`l jugrg
pir olsi jirtueti i jugrzl alyir, lolgoe`l `gspuås `g gxtefcue`l
hl ibhecloeÿf prefoeplh clrlftezl`l, gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i plclrì
his begfgs ljgotl`is gf clrlftál aibehelrel se fi tuvi kustl olusl
plrl `gairlr su `gvihuoeÿf. egfg eculh rgspifslbehe`l` gh lorgg lorgg--
`ir clrlftezl`i qug, sef mlbgr tgfe`i olusl hgclh, rgmûsl gh plci `g
hl
_e ibhecloeÿf
gh lorgg`irclrlftezl`l
clrlftezl`iijrgoe`i
pegr`g hlpir gh `gu`ir.
pisgseÿf `gh begf augbhg ljgo
ljgo--
tl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel, pug`g rgoupgrlrhl gf pi`gr `g quegf sg
gfougftrg, efohusevg `gh `gu`ir´.
Lh eculh qug gf gh olsi `gh `gu`ir, his `grgomis y ibhecloeifgs gstl-
bhgoe`is plrl gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i sif `g flturlhgzl suphgtirel, yl qug
hls plrtgs pug`gf plotlr `g alfgrl `esteftl l hi gstlbhgoe`i gf gh oetl`i lr-
táouhi <2.
L oiftefuloeÿf,
oiftefuloeÿf, gh lfìheses `g ol`l ufi `g his `grgomis y ibhecloeifgs
gstlbhgoe`is plrl gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i.

.7
<
.7
..<
.< @grgomi `g gkgou t lr hl c
lr lftál ou
ou
lf` i sg p
r i`u
z ol gh efou
a p
h e-
aegfti `g hl ihecloef clrlftel`l

Gh preagr pìrrlji `gh lrtáouhi <2 `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel

gstlbhgog qug gh lorgg`ir tegfg gh `grgomi `g gkgoutlr hl clrlftál lftg gh
efouapheaegfti `g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l.
Rgspgoti l hl gkgouoeÿf `g hl clrlftál, hl Hgy oiftgaphl trgs efstru-
efstru -
agftis; hl vgftl gxtrlku`eoelh, hl vgftl ku`eoelh y gh ploti oiaesirei i l`ku-
`eoloeÿf gf jlvir `gh lorgg`ir.

5<
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Olbg sglhlr qug gh priog`eaegfti `g vgftl gxtrlku`eoelh, oifjirag

lh lrtáouhi 03 `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel, sg efeoel oif ufl olrtl
fitlrelh `erece`l lh `gu`ir y lh rgprgsgftlftg y, gf su olsi, lh oifstetuygftg,
gf hl oulh sg `gkl oifstlfoel `gh efouapheaegfti `gh `gu`ir. Gf gsg ir`gf
`g e`gls, sgcûf hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel, hl oiaufeoloeÿf gs e`åf-e`åf -
teol plrl gh `gu`ir, rgprgsgftlftg y oifstetuygftg4 vlhg `goer, qug lqughhl
`erece`l lh `gu`ir tlabeåf sg heaetlrál l oiaufeolrhg qug ml efouaphe`i.
Rgspgoti lh ploti oiaesirei, olbg sgül hlr qug se se hls plr
plrtgs
tgs mub
mubegs
egsgf
gf
loir`l`i qug gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i pug`l l`ku`eolrsg hl pripeg`l` `gh
begf augbhg clrlftezl`i,
clrlftezl`i, pri`uoe`i gh efouapheaegfti,
efouapheaegfti, gh lorgg`ir
lorgg`ir clrlf-
tezl`i `gbgrì oiaufeolr fitlrelhagftg lh `gu`ir y lh rgprgsgftlftg y, `g
sgr gh olsi, lh oifstetuygftg y lh `gpisetlrei, gh aifti `gtlhhl`i `g hl ibhe-
cloeÿf clrlftezl`l fi plcl`l y gh vlhir `gh begf augbhg ljgoti gf clrlftál
aibehelrel loir`l`i pir hls plrtgs.
_e gh vlhir `gh begf clrlftezl`i jugrl agfir qug gh aifti `g hl `gu`l,
gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i pi`rì gxecer gh slh`i ag`elftg hl gaeseÿf `g uf
tátuhi vlhir. @g itri hl`i, se gh vlhir `gh begf clrlftezl`i gxog`egrl gh
aifti `g hl `gu`l, gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i `gbgrì plclr hl `ejgrgfoel lh
rgprgsgftlftg. pgrl`l hl l`ku`eoloeÿf `gh begf augbhg, gh lorgg`ir clrlf-
clrlf-
tezl`i `gbgrì plclr gh orå`eti `g his lorgg`irgs clrlftezl`is qug hi prgog-
`gf gf gh rlfci.
^ir itri hl`i, gh sgcuf`i pìrrlji `gh lrtáouhi <2 `g hl aesal Hgy gstl-
gstl-
bhgog uf supugsti gxogpoeiflh; hl gkgouoeÿf
gkgouoeÿf l`ghlftl`l.
Hl gkgouoeÿf l`ghlftl`l gs gh `grgomi qug tegfg gh lorgg`ir clrlfte-
clrlfte -
zl`i
flbhgsy rgspgoti
su gkgroeoei gstìghoif`eoeifl`i
l qug l qug ougftg
begf fi sg gfougftrl oif juf`lagftis
oifsgrvl`i `g alfgrlrlzi-
rlzi
l`g--
oul`l, i l qug sg mlhhgf oeroufstlfoels qug mlclf `eouhtisl i eapisebhg
hl gkgouoeÿf `g hl clrlftál.
Oiai sg ibsgrvl, tlhgs oif`eoeiflaegftis rgsuhtlf auy subkgtevis, yl
qug sg mlog rgjgrgfoel l juf`lagftis rlziflbhgs y l oeroufstlfoels,
aitevi pir gh oulh mlbrì qug gstlr jrgftg l ol`l olsi gf plrteouhlr plrl qug
priog`l hl agfoeifl`l gkgouoeÿf l`ghlftl`l.
Lmirl begf, `gbgais sglhlr qug gh rgsuhtl`i `g hl gkgouoeÿf lfte-
lfte -
oepl`l (gs `goer, gh vlhir gf tåraefis aifgtlreis qug `g ghhl sg ib-

52
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

tgfcl) oifstetuyg gh rggaphlzi `gh begf augbhg efeoelhagftg oifsecfl`i

oiai clrlftál.

 hecloef `gh lorgg`ir gf olsi tuegsg hl pisgsef `gh egf `g

ou
e `l
`lrh
rhi
i y alf
alftg
tgfg
fgrh
rhi
i gf b
u gf gs
gstl`i

Olbg sglhlr qug hl preagrl plrtg `gh lrtáouhi ? `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlf-

lrlf-
tál Aibehelrel sglhl qug Hl clrlftál aibehelrel gs hl ljgotloeÿf `g uf
begf augbhg ag`elftg uf loti kurá`eoi, `gstefl`l l lsgcurlr gh ouaphe-
aegfti `g ufl ibhecloeÿf. Hl clrlftál aibehelrel pug`g `lrsg oif i sef
`gspisgseÿf `gh begf augbhg. Gf olsi `g `gspisgseÿf, pug`g plotlrsg hl
gftrgcl `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál lh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i i l
uf tgrogri `gpisetlrei´ (gh subrlyl`i gs fugstri).
^ir gf`g, fi gs ibhecltirel hl `gspisgseÿf `gh begf pir gh oiftrlrei,
rgprgsgftl ufl pitgstl` `gh tetuhlr gf tirfi l hl alfgrl gf qug prgtgf`g
lsgcurlr gh ouapheaegfti `g ufl ibhecloeÿf.
Gf tlh sgfte`i, hls plrtgs pug`gf rgcuhlr hebrgagftg hl jiral `g hl
tial `g pisgseÿf `gh begf augbhg clrlftezl`i. _ef gablrci, l jlhtl `g
ploti, gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i i gh l`quergftg `gh begf augbhg ljgoti gf
clrlftál pug`gf lsuaer `ergotlagftg hl pisgseÿf `g `eomi begf. ^lrl ghhi,
sg rgquegrg hl ogrteoloeÿf fitlrelh `g hl tial `g pisgseÿf, gf hl qug sg
`gkg gxprgsl oifstlfoel `gh gstl`i y hls olrlotgrásteols prefoeplhgs `gh
begf augbhg clrlftezl`i, lsá oiai hl fiteoloeÿf, pir plrtg `g uf fitlrei
pûbheoi, lh `gu`ir y, gf su olsi, lh oifstetuygftg y lh `gpisetlrei `gh begf
clrlftezl`i, `gftri `g his `is `áls mìbehgs secuegftgs.

@gftri
lorgg`ir `g tlhtegfg
tlabeåf ir`gf `g e`gls,
sibrg olbg sglhlr
sá hl ibhecloeÿf qug, oiai
`g oue`lr gs hÿceoi,
y alftgfgr gh
gh begf,
gf olsi sg gfougftrg gf su pisgseÿf.
_ef gablrci, gh efouapheaegfti `g gstl ibhecloeÿf qug `grevg gf uf
`li i pghecri plrl gh begf jlouhtlrál lh `gu`ir (i lh oifstetuygftg `g hl
clrlftál) l gxecer hl gftrgcl `gh begf plrl su `gpÿseti l ufl tgrogrl pgrsifl.
_ibrg gstg pufti, olbg rgetgrlr hi sglhl`i gf iolseifgs lftgreirgs, gf
gh sgfte`i `g qug hl Hgy fi rglhezl uf `gslrrihhi qug pgraetl efjgrer ouìf`i
uf begf gstì, gjgotevlagftg, begf oue`l`i y alftgfe`i. Ghhi rgsuhtl eapir-
tlftg, pugs gs kustlagftg lhhá `if`g surcerìf pribhgals gftrg hls plrtgs, yl

5?
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

qug aegftrls qug plrl ufl `g ghhls gh begf gstlrì gf pgrjgoti gstl`i, plrl
hl itrl pi`rál fi gstlrhi.
@g itri hl`i, olbg sglhlr qug hl firal fi gstlbhgog fl`l rgspgoti lh
rgslroeaegfti `g uf gvgftulh `li qug sujrl gh begf `urlftg su ousti`el
pir gh lorgg`ir,
lorgg`ir, rlzÿf pir hl oulh pi`rálais `goer qug
qug sg lpheolrìf l `eoml
mepÿtgses hls `espiseoeifgs pripels `g hl rgspifslbehe`l` oiftrlotulh oif-
oif-
tgfe`ls gf gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh.

 hecloef `gh lorgg`ir gf olsi tuegsg hl pisgsef `gh egf `g

gp roeb
e r his
his jruti
jrutiss g eftg
eftgrrgsg
gsgss u
gq gh aesai p
r i`zu ol g eap
t lrhis lh
u
plci `g hl ihecloef
Hl firal pgraetg y ibhecl lh lorgg`ir l heque`lr his jrutis se his aes-
aes-
ais jugsgf begfgs fi `efgrlreis. _ef gablrci, hl firal fi sglhl fl`l
rgspgoti l hl jiral gf qug sg `gbg rglhezlr hl heque`loeÿf `g `eomis jrutis,
rlzÿf pir hl oulh pi`rálf pri`uoersg efoifvgfegftgs rgspgoti lh lougr`i lh
qug `gbgrìf hhgclr hls plrtgs plrl priog`gr l `eoml heque`loeÿf.
Gf oulfti l hl eaputloeÿf lh plci `g hl ibhecloeÿf, hl firal sglhl uf
ir`gf `g prghloeÿf; preagri, sg plclf his eftgrgsgs y, sgcuf`i, se qug`lrg
uf rgalfgftg, sg plcl gh aifti `gh olpetlh.

 hecloef `g `gihgr gh egf lh oifstetugftg ufl g sg mll

ouaphe`i oif hl ihecloef prefoeplh clrlftel`l
Wfl vgz plcl`l hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l, flhezl hl clrlftál aibe-
aibe -
helrel. Ghhi ibg`gog l qug gstl gs `g flturlhgzl loogsirel y su rlzÿf `g sgr
gstì gf hl ibhecloeÿf qug clrlftezl.
Lmirl begf, hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel gstlbhgog qug hl ibhecl-
oeÿf `g `gvihuoeÿf sg `l ufl vgz qug sg mlyl ouaphe`i oif hl ibhecloeÿf
prefoeplh. ^lrl gftgf`gr gsg oifogpti, rgsuhtl pgrtefgftg rgoir`lr hi gstl-
bhgoe`i gf gh lrtáouhi ?.2 `g hl firal.
firal. Lsá;
Lrtáouhi ?.-
?.- «lrlftl iehelrel

?.2 Hl clrlftál aibehelrel oiaprgf`g, slhvi ploti `estefti, hl
`gu`l prefoeplh, his eftgrgsgs, hls oiaeseifgs, his clstis, hls pre-
als `g sgcuris plcl`ls pir gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i, hls oistls y

50
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

his oistis priogslhgs, his gvgftulhgs clstis `g ousti`el y oifsgr-

vloeÿf, hls pgflhe`l`gs, hl ef`gafezloeÿf pir `lis y pgrkueoeis y
oulhquegr itri oifogpti loir`l`i pir hls plrtgs mlstl gh aifti `gh
crlvlagf gstlbhgoe`i gf gh loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi´
oifstetute vi´ (gh subrlyl`i
gs fugstri).
@g hl rg`looeÿf `gh lrtáouhi ?.2 `g hl firal, sg `gsprgf`g qug hl `gu`l
prefoeplh (ibhecloeÿf prefoeplh) gs uf oifogpti `estefti lh `g eftgrgsgs,
oiaeseifgs, clstis, gto. Ghhi fis hhgvl l lralr qug gstis, flturlhagftg,
fi jiralf plrtg `g hl `gu`l prefoeplh.
Lsá hls oisls, se sg olfoghl sÿhi gh aifti blsg (`gu`l prefoeplh), gh
begf `l`i gf clrlftál `gbg `gvihvgrsg, sef eapirtlr se qug`l pgf`egftg
gh plci `g eftgrgsgs, oiaeseifgs, clstis, gto. i`i ghhi, ohlri gstì, slhvi
ploti gf oiftrlrei.
_ef gablrci, olbrál prgcuftlrsg se ghhi sgrál kusti i se, pir gh oiftrl-
oiftrl -
rei, gstl hgoturl `g hl firal pgrku`eolrál l quegf lûf sg hg `gbgf his eftgrg-
sgs, oiaeseifgs, clstis, gto. @goeais gsti, yl qug hi hÿceoi gs qug sg `gbl
rglhezlr gh plci oiaphgti `g ti`i hi rghloeifl`i oif hl `gu`l. Kustlagftg
plrl ghhi gs qug
qug sg oifstetuyg ufl
ufl clrlftál, plrl clrlftezlr gh plci titlh `g
ufl lorggfoel.
Gf gsg gftgf`gr, tlh vgz sgrál pru`gftg rgpgfslr hi gstlbhgoe`i pir gstg
gxtrgai `g hl firal.

 hecloef `g plclr gh lhir `gh egf gf olsi `g pr`e`l

Gh lorgg`ir qug tgfcl gf su pi`gr gh begf sg vg supg`etl`i l `gtgrae-

fl`ls ibhecloeifgs lftg hl pår`e`l `gh aesai. Gstls ibhecloeifgs `gpgf-
`grìf `gh aiagfti `g hl pår`e`l.
_e gh begf sg pegr`g lftgs `g hl gxtefoeÿf `g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l
pir ouhpl `gh `gu`ir, sg cgfgrl hl ibhecloeÿf `g plci `gh vlhir `gh begf.
^ir gh oiftrlrei, se gh begf sg pegr`g `gbe`i l olsi jirtueti i jugrzl alyir,
fi sg cgfgrl `eoml ibhecloeÿf.
Hl setuloeÿf gs `esteftl se gs qug hl pår`e`l sg pri`uog hugci `g hl
gxtefoeÿf `g hl ibhecloeÿf. Gf gstg olsi, gh lorgg`ir rgspif`g pir hl pår -
`e`l luf se åstl ibg`gog l uf supugsti `g olsi jirtueti i jugrzl alyir.

57
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

^i`gais gsqugaltezlr hi sgül hl`

hl`ii oif
oif gh sec
secueg
uegftg
ftg oul
oul`ri
`ri;;
^REAGR ^GREI@I; _GCWF@I
_GCWF @I ^GR EI@I;
Lftgs `g hl gxt efoe
efoeÿf
ÿf `g hl ibhe
ibhecloe
cloeÿf
ÿf @gspuås `g hl gxt efoe
efoeÿf
ÿf `g hl ibhe
ibhecloe
cloeÿf
ÿf
- ^år`e`l pir ouhpl; ibhecloeÿf `g plclr gh - ^år`e`l pir ouhpl; ibhecloeÿf `g plclr gh
vlhir `ghpir
- ^år`e`l begf. vlhir `ghpir
olsi jirtueti i jugrzl alyir; - ^år`e`l begf.
olsi jirtueti i jugrzl alyir;
fi sg cgfgrl ibhecloeÿf `g plci. ibhecloeÿf `g plclr gh vlhir `gh begf.

 grgomi `g rgoupgrlr hl pisgsef `gh egf

Gh lorgg`ir qug tgfcl gf su pi`gr gh begf tegfg, flturlhagftg, gh `grg-

omi l gkgrogr ti`ls hls `gjgfsls háoetls plrl pritgcgr su pisgseÿf.
His ag`eis `g `gjgfsl aìs rghgvlftgs sif;
- Hl `gjgfsl gxtrlku`eoelh(=5), qug pgraetg lh pisgg`ir rgoibrlr su pisg-
seÿf gaphglf`i hl jugrzl qug rgsuhtg fgogslrel plrl mlogr jrgftg l hl
lcrgseÿf qug hg ljgotÿ.
- His eftgr`eotis ku`eoelhgs (sÿhi plrl begfgs rgcestrl`is gf his Rgces
Rgces--
tris Kurá`eois `g egfgs) , qug sif priogsis ku`eoelhgs sualráseais
(5>)

ouyi ibkgti gs hl pritgooeÿf `gh pisgg`ir

pisgg`ir..
- Hls looeifgs pisgsirels ir`eflrels, qug sif priogsis ku`eoelhgs qug
tegfgf oiai ibkgti pritgcgr hl pisgseÿf.

(=5) `eci eeh;

Lrtáouhi 52>.-
52>.- «@gjgfsl isips gsi
gsirel
rel gxt
gxtrlk
rlku
` eoelh
ù
Gh pisgg`ir pug`g rgpghgr hl jugrzl qug sg gaphgg oiftrl åh i gh begf y rgoibrlrhi, se jugrg `gs `gs--
pisgá`i. Hl looeÿf sg rglhezl `gftri `g his quefog (<7) `áls secuegftgs l qug tiag oifioeaegfti
`g hl `gspisgseÿf. Gf oulhquegr olsi, `gbg lbstgfgrsg `g hls váls `g mgomi fi kusteol`ls pir hls
oeroufstlfoels.
Gh pripegtlrei `g uf efaugbhg qug fi tgfcl g`eoloeÿf i gstl sg gfougftrg gf `eomi priogsi, pug`g
efviolr tlabeåf hl `gjgfsl sglhl`l gf gh pìrrlji lftgreir gf olsi `g qug su efaugbhg jugrl ioupl`i
pir uf pisgg`ir prgolrei. Gf fefcûf olsi priog`g hl `gjgfsl pisgsirel se gh pisgg`ir prgolrei ml usu
usu--
jruotul`i gh begf oiai pripegtlrei pir hi agfis `egz (<>) lis.
Hl ^iheoál Floeiflh `gh ^grû lsá oiai hls Aufeoeplhe`l`gs rgspgotevls, gf gh alroi `g sus oiapgoiapg--
tgfoels prgvestls gf hl Hgy rcìfeol `g Aufeoeplhe`l`gs, `gbgf prgstlr gh lpiyi fgogslrei l gjgotis
`g clrlftezlr gh gstreoti ouapheaegfti `gh prgsgftg lrtáouhi, blki rgspifslbehe`l`.
Gf fefcûf olsi priog`g hl `gjgfsl pisgsirel oiftrl gh pripegtlrei `g uf efaugbhg, slhvi qug mlyl
ipgrl`i hl prgsorepoeÿf, rgcuhl`l gf gh lrtáouhi 57> `g gstg Oÿ`eci.
(Lrtáouhi ai`eol`i pir gh lrtáouhi :3 `g hl Hgy F» ?>2?>, pubheol`l gf gh `elrei ioelh Gh ^gru lfi
lfi
gh <2 kuhei 2><0).
(5>) `eci eeh;
Lrtáouhi 52<
52<.-
.- i`i pisgg`ir `g augbhgs efsoretis y `g efaugbhgs pug`g utehezlr hls looeifgs pisg-
pisg -
sirels y his eftgr`eotis. _e su pisgseÿf gs `g aìs `g uf li pug`g rgomlzlr his eftgr`eotis qug sg pri-
pri -
augvlf oiftrl åh´.

5:
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

_e begf hl firal fi hi agfoeifl `g alfgrl gxprgsl, oifse`grlais

qug gh lorgg`ir tlabeåf pug`g rglhezlr ufl `gjgfsl pisgsirel plrl lqughhis
olsis gf his qug hl pgrturbloeÿf sg gstì rglhezlf`i, pgri gf his qug ti`lvál
fi sg altgrelhezl gh `gspiki. Lsá, orggais qug gh lorgg`ir pi`rál phlftglr
uf eftgr`eoti `g rgtgfgr.

priog -
<.:. oloel `g hl clrlftál sibrg begf augbhg oirpÿrgi gf olsi `g priog-
`eaegfti `g efsihvgfoel i `g uegbrl

Gf prefoepei, hl rgchl cgfgrlh gs qug gh lorgg`ir ouyl jgoml `g efsorep-

efsorep-
oeÿf gf gh Rgcestri sgl lftgreir tgf`rì prgjgrgfoel sibrg gh begf clrlfte-
clrlfte-
zl`i. _ef gablrci, trltìf`isg `g uf priog`eaegfti oifourslh, hl goloel
`g hl clrlftál gs `esteftl.
Hl Hgy gfgrlh `gh _estgal Oifourslh(5<) gstlbhgog, pugs, qug his
lorgg`irgs sgrìf plcl`is oifjirag lh secuegftg ir`gf `g prghloeÿf;

(5<) Gf his priog`eaegftis `g `esihuoeÿf y heque`loeÿf `g gaprgsls, gh ir`gf `g prgjgrgfoel gf gh plci l

his lorgg`irgs sg recg sgcûf gh lrtáouhi 02, r`gf `g prgjgrgfoel, fuagrlh 02.<. `g hl Hgy F» 23=>5,
Hgy gfgrlh `gh _estgal Oifourslh, ouyi tgxti gs gh secuegftg;
Lrtáouhi 02.-
02.- «Ir`gf `g pr gj
gjgr
grgf
gfoe
oel
l
02.< Gf his priog`eaegftis `g `esihuoeÿf y heque`loeÿf, gh ir`gf `g prgjgrgfoel gf gh plci `g his orå
orå--
`etis gs gh secuegftg;
^reagri; Rgaufgrloeifgs y bgfgoeis sioelhgs l`gu`l`is l his trlblkl`irgs, lpirtgs eaplcis lh _es _es--
tgal ^revl`i `g ^gfseifgs i l his rgcáagfgs prgveseiflhgs l`aefestrl`is pir hl oefl `g Firal -
hezloeÿf ^rgveseiflh - F^, hl Olkl `g gfgoeis y _gcure`l` _ioelh `gh ^gsol`ir u itris rgcáagfgs
prgveseiflhgs orgl`is pir hgy `gu`l gxecebhg lh _gcuri _ioelh `g _lhu` - G__LHW@ qug sg gfougf-
gfougf -
trl gf gkgouoeÿf oilotevl rgspgoti `g hls oulhgs sg mlyl ir`gfl`i ag`e`ls olutghlrgs lsá oiai his
eftgrgsgs y clstis qug pir tlhgs oifogptis pu`egrlf ireceflrsg. His lpirtgs eaplcis lh _estgal ^re-
^re -
vl`i `g ^gfseifgs efohuygf his oifogptis l qug sg rggrg gh lrtáouhi ?> `gh @gorgti Hgy F» 27=53,
oif gxogpoeÿf
_gcuf`i; `g hls oiaeseifgs
His orå`etis oibrl`ls pir hl l`aefestrloeÿf `g his jif`is prevl`is
lheagftlreis. prevl`i s `g pgfseifgs.
grogri; His orå`etis clrlftezl`is oifoi f mepitgol, clrlftál aibehelrel, lfteorgses, lrrlfts, `grgomi
`grg omi `g
rgtgfoeÿf i ag`e`ls olutghlrgs qug rgoleclf sibrg begfgs `gh `gu`ir, segaprg qug hl clrlftál oirrgs- oirrgs-
pif`egftg mlyl se`i oifstetue`l i hl ag`e`l olutghlr
ol utghlr oirrgspif`egftg mlyl se`i trlbl`l oif lftgrei-
lftg rei-
re`l` l hl jgoml `g pubheoloeÿf l qug sg rggrg gh Lrtáouhi ?2. Hls oetl`ls clrlftáls i crlvìagfgs, `g
sgr gh olsi, `gbgrìf gstlr efsoretls gf gh rgcestri lftgs `g `eoml jgoml, plrl sgr ipifebhgs l hl alsl `g
lorgg`irgs. Gstis orå`etis alftegfgf gh prgsgftg ir`gf `g prgjgrgfoel luf oulf`i his begfgs qug his
clrlftezlf sglf vgf`e`is i l`ku`eol`is plrl olfoghlr orå`etis `g ÿr`gfgs lftgreirgs, pgri sÿhi mlstl
gh aifti `g rglhezloeÿf i l`ku`eoloeÿf `gh begf qug clrlftezlbl his orå`etis .
Oulrti; His orå`etis `g irecgf trebutlrei `gh Gstl`i, efohue`is his `gh _gcuri _ioelh `g _lhu` -G__L-G__L--
HW@ qug fi sg gfougftrgf oiftgaphl`is gf gh preagr ir`gf `g prgjgrgfoel sglf trebutis, auhtls,
eftgrgsgs, airls, oistls y rgolrcis.
uefti; His orå`etis fi oiaprgf`e`is gf his ÿr`gfgs prgog`gftgs y hl plrtg `g his orå`etis trebutl trebutl--
reis qug, oifjirag lh hetgrlh `) `gh fuagrlh 0=.? `gh
` gh Lrtáouhi 0=, sglf trlfsjgre`is `gh oulrti lh quefti
ir`gf y gh slh`i `g his orå`etis `gh tgrogr ir`gf qug gxog`egrlf `gh vlhir `g rglhezloeÿf i l`ku`eol -
oeÿf `gh begf qug clrlftezlbl `eomis orå`etis (gh subrlyl`i gs fugstri).

53
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

<) Hls ibhecloeifgs hlbirlhgs, efohuygf`i his orå`etis pir lpirtgs eapl-
cis lh _estgal ^revl`i `g ^gfseifgs
2) Hls `gu`ls
`gu`ls pir lheagftis, mlstl pir gh aifti `g ufl W
W
?) His orå`etis rgsplh`l`is oif clrlftáls rglhgs i gablrcis
0) His orå`etis `g irecgf trebutlrei `gh Gstl`i
7) His `gaìs orå`etis sgcûf su lftecg`l`.
Gf gstg fugvi gsogflrei, se gh heque`l`ir, hugci `g gjgotulr his plcis
l his lorgg`irgs gf gh ir`gf sglhl`i, oiaprugbl hl gxtefoeÿf `gh pltreai-
pltreai-
fei `gh `gu`ir, qug`lf`i lûf lorgg`irgs pgf`egftgs `g plci, `gbgrì sihe-
oetlr lftg gh Kugz Gspgoelhezl`i gf hi Oiagroelh hl `gohlrloeÿf ku`eoelh `g
quegbrl `g hl gaprgsl oifoursl`l.
^rgsgftl`l hl `galf`l `g quegbrl, gh kugz, `gftri `g his trgeftl
trg eftl `áls mìbe-
hgs y prgvel vgreoloeÿf `g hl gxtefoeÿf `gh pltreaifei, sef aìs trìaetg `gohl-
`gohl-
rlrì hl quegbrl, hl gxtefoeÿf `g hl gaprgsl y hl efoibrlbehe`l` `g sus `gu`ls.

2. LHCWF
LHCWFI_
I_ OIAG
OIAGFP
FPLREI_
LREI_ ORÁP
ORÁPEOI_
EOI_

Hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel, se begf oifstetuyÿ uf meti eapir -

tlftg plrl hl orgloeÿf `g uf alroi lbhg y goegftg `g clrlftáls sibrg beg-
beg -
fgs augbhgs gf gh ^grû, tegfg lspgotis qug agrgogf sgr oreteol`is. L oif-
tefuloeÿf, gh `gslrrihhi `g his qug oifse`grlais oiai aìs eapirtlftgs;

2.<. _ibrg his rguesetis plrl hl oifstetuoeÿf  rgcestri `g hl clrlftál

aibehelrel
_gcûf jug gxpugsti, gh lrtáouhi ?? `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehel-
Aibehel-
rel gstlbhgog his `ltis qug `gbg oiftgfgr gh lsegfti ghgotrÿfeoi (rgcestri).
_ef gablrci, orggais qug lhcufis `g gstis `ltis rgsuhtlf effgogsl-
effgogsl -
reis y gs qug, gf rglhe`l`, sÿhi `gbgf pubheoetlrsg his `ltis aáfealagftg
ef`espgfslbhgs plrl lhgrtlr qug gxestg ufl clrlftál, l hl vgz `g prgsgrvlr hl
efjiraloeÿf prevl`l(52).

(52) HG_, gyii` . elcfsteoi  rgoiag

rgoiagf`loeifgs
f`loeifgs `g agirls plrl gh sestgal `g clrlftls
aib
e he
helr
lrel
els.
s. lsmefctif @.O.; uf`loeÿf OGLH, alrzi `gh 2>>5, p. vee.

5=
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

@ltis oiai hl jiral y oif`eoeifgs `g gkgouoeÿf (lrtáouhi ??.:) y gh

vlhir `g his begfgs (lrtáouhi ??.3) fi rgquegrgf sgr efjiral`is lh pûbheoi.
Gstis `ltis fi `gbgrálf pubheoetlrsg, pir oulfti gf rglhe`l` sg trltl `g
efjiraloeÿf prevl`l qug sÿhi eftgrgsl l hls pgrsifls qug tegfgf lhcûf `grg-
`grg-
omi sibrg gh begf.
Gh ibkgtevi `g his rgcestris gs efjiralr l oulhquegr pgrsifl hl gxestgf-
gxestgf-
oel `g clrlftáls rgspgoti `g his begfgs oif his qug pu`egrl fgcioelr, pgri
hl efjiraloeÿf l hl qug sg mlog rgjgrgfoel gf his lrtáouhis ??.: y ??.3 `g
hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel fi rgsuhtl pgrtefgftg plrl gstis gjgotis.
@g itri hl`i, pug`g sglhlrsg qug hl rghgvlfoel `g qug tgrogris oifiz-
oifiz-
olf hl jiral y oif`eoeifgs `g gkgouoeÿf (lrtáouhi ??.: `g hl Hgy `g hl
Clrlftál Aibehelrel) gs aáfeal, aìxeag se tgfgais gf ougftl qug hl Hgy
`g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel `espifg gh ai`i `g priog`gr plrl his supugs-
tis gf qug hl gkgouoeÿf `g hl clrlftál plrl gh oibri `g ufl `gu`l eaplcl
cgfgrg uf slh`i rgalfgftg.
Lseaesai, y rgspgoti lh vlhir `gh begf, `gbgais sgül hl
hlrr qug
qug gh rg
rgce
cest
stri
ri
fi tegfg oiai ibkgtevi ijrgogr ufl vlhuloeÿf `g his begfgs qug oiftegfg,
rlzÿf pir hl oulh hl gxecgfoel `g qug `eomi `lti lplrgzol, gs effgogslrel.

2.2. _ibrg hl curl `gh rgprgsgftlftg oiaûf

Hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel `espifg, plrl gh olsi `g gkgouoeÿf

gxtrlku`eoelh y ploti oiaesirei, hl prgsgfoel `g uf tgrogri oif pi`gr gspg-
oáoi g errgviolbhg, quegf sg gfolrclrì `g rglhezlr hl trlfsjgrgfoel `g
pripeg`l`.

Hl firal gstlbhgog qug gh «rgprgsgftlftg oiaûf´ (gh tgrogri) fi pug`g

sgr, flturlhagftg, gh lorgg`ir(5?). Ghhi, fi ibstlftg, pug`g oifse`grlrsg
efsuoegftg, yl qug hl Hgy fi sglhl rgstreooeÿf lhcufl qug eape`l hl
oiaufe`l` `g eftgrgsgs gftrg gh rgprgsgftlftg y gh lorgg`ir, pu`egf`i sgr,
sgr,
pgrjgotlagftg, uf plregftg ogrolfi, oifslfcuáfgi i pir lfe`l`, efohusi
su oÿfyucg(50).

(5?) Ojr. Lrtáouhis 03.< (gkgouoeÿf gxtrlku`eoelh) y 7?.: (ploti oiaesirei) `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál
Aibehelrel.
(50) Ojr. OL_HH RGRG, Alrei. Oif hl oihlbirloeÿf `g grÿfeol Risls grlstlef. fheses `g hl
g `g hl lrlftl iehelrel p oet., p. <?3.
lrlftl iehelrel

55
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

_e begf gs oegrti qug hl flhe`l` `g hl firal rgsuhtl pisetevl (pir

oulfti busol gvetlr uf lbusi pir plrtg `gh lorgg`ir), hi oegrti gs qug `eomi
ibkgtevi fi sg hicrl `g alfgrl oiftuf`gftg. Ghhi, pir oulfti eapg`er gh
rih `gh rgprgsgftlftg oiaûf sÿhi plrl gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i, `grevl gf
qug sukgtis oif oiaufe`l` `g eftgrgsgs oif lquåh pug`lf lsuaer `eomi rih.
Hi e`ÿfgi mubegrl se`i qug `eoml primebeoeÿf sg mlcl gxtgfsevl l
pgrsifls sibrg hls qug, rlziflbhgagftg, sg pug`l sispgomlr qug pisggf
oegrti váfouhi oif gh lorgg`ir y pug`lf, oif ghhi, burhlr gstl primebeoeÿf.
Lseaesai, plrl gh olsi `g hl gkgouoeÿf gxtrlku`eoelh, `gbg sglhlrsg
qug gh rgprgsgftlftg oiaûf sg gfougftrl supg`etl`i l uf rih `g ouaphe-
aegfti `g ibhecloeÿf gf uf pufti tlf gsgfoelh oiai gh `g hl vgftl `gh begf.
Gsti ibg`gog l qug, `g lougr`i l hi `espugsti pir gh lrtáouhi 03.? `g hl
Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel, iourre`i gh efouapheaegfti `gh plci `g hl
ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l, gh rgprgsgftlftg oiaûf `gbg priog`gr l jiralhezlr
hl trlfsjgrgfoel rglhezl`l pir gh lorgg`ir se gs qug jug fiteol`i fitlrelh-
fitlrelh-
agftg pir åstg. Gf itrls plhlbrls, gh rgprgsgftlftg oiaûf fi tegfg hl jlouh-
jlouh -
tl` (fe auomi agfis hl ibhecloeÿf) `g vgreolr se gjgotevlagftg sg `ei gh
efouapheaegfti sglhl`i. Gf tlh sgfte`i, yl mgais lral`i qug;
«Gh mgomi `g qug gh lorgg`ir gfvág ufl olrtl fitlrelh qug `ecl qug gh
`gu`ir ml efouaphe`i, fi secfeol qug, gf gjgoti, `eomi `gu`ir mlyl
efouaphe`i. Hl firal fi eapifg lh rgprgsgftlftg hl tlrgl `g vgre-
vgre-
olr gh efouapheaegfti. Hl oifstltloeÿf, l gftgf`gr `gh rgprgsgftlftg,
oifsestg seaphgagftg gf hl gxestgfoel `g hl olrtl fitlrelh qug hg jug
rgaete`l´(57).

Hl setuloeÿf
sgftlftg gs seaehlr
hgclh sg heaetl plrl ghuf
l ouapher olsi
rih `gh ploti oiaesirei,
priog`eagftlh. Lsá; pugs gh rgprg-
rgprg-
 olbg subrlylr qug gh rih `gh rgprgsgftlftg fi gs gh `g vghlr pir
qug sg ouaphlf hls firals lh peg `g hl hgtrl, sefi seaphgagftg gxtgf-
`gr hl plrte`l `g `gufoef gsti gs, susoreber gh `iouagfti pgrtefgftg
plrl qug gh lorgg`ir sg l`ku`eq
l`ku`equg
ug gh
gh begf
begf sibrg gh qug rgolyÿ hl clrlf
clrlf--
tál aibehelrel. Gf fefcûf aiagfti gh rgprgsgftlftg tegfg pir quå
ougsteiflr gh oiftrlti, fe su vlhe`gz, fe su goloel(5:).

(57) `ga, p. <?=.

(5:) `ga, p. <::.

<>>
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Lsá, pugs, `gbgrál ai`eolrsg gh rih qug ouaphg gh rgprgsgftlftg

oiaûf, `g alfgrl qug sg hg lsecfg `gtgraefl`i alrcgf `g `esorgoeiflhe-
`l`, oif gh ibkgtevi `g qug åstg pug`l lflhezlr gh supugsti efouapheaegfti
y, `g lougr`i l su kueoei, vlhe`lrhi i fi. Hi sgül hl`
hl`i,
i, gve
gve`gf
`gftga
tgagft
gftg,
g, fi
eapheol qug gstg tgrogri sgl ufl gspgoeg `g kugz qug sg prifufoeg sibrg gh
jif`i `gh lsufti (gsti gs, sibrg gh gjgotevi ouapheaegfti i fi), sefi aìs
begf qug sg hg pgraetl oiapriblr gf his mgomis se gjgotevlagftg sg ouaoua--
pheÿ i fi. Gstl `esorgoeiflhe`l`, gf sual, `gbg sgr ufl `g áf`ihg jìoteoi y
fi kurá`eoi.

2.?
. _ ibr
ibrgg his begfgs
begfgs susogpt
susogptebh
ebhgs
gs `g sgr
sgr ibkgt
ibkgti
i `g lr
l
cr lft
lftál
ál aib
aibeh
ehel
elre
rel
l

Wfi `g his lpirtgs bref`l`is pir hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel

rl`eolbl gf gh mgomi `g qug fi sÿhi gstlbhgoál uf råceagf ûfeoi `g clrlf-
clrlf-
táls plrl begfgs augbhgs, sefi tlabeåf gxtgf`ál gh lholfog `g hl clrlftál
aibehelrel lh gstlbhgogr qug oltgciráls cgfåreols `g begfgs (efvgftlreis) y
hl titlhe`l` `g begfgs `gh oifstetuygftg pi`álf sgr itircl`is gf clrlftál.
_ef gablrci, his rgquesetis gstlbhgoe`is pir hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál
Aibehelrel(53) y su Rgchlagfti(5=), gf gh olsi `g his efvgftlreis, fi rgsuhtlf
auy ohlris. Ghhi secfeol qug gf hl prìoteol gxestgf efoifvgfegftgs plrl
oifstetuer clrlftáls sibrg `eomis begfgs. Lsá;
^reagri, gh rgcestri fi rgoifiog `gbe`lagftg hl oifstetuoeÿf `g
clrlftáls `g efvgftlreis. Hls pgrsifls gftrgvestl`ls efjiralrif
qug gh rgcestri rgomlzl auomls vgogs gstls clrlftáls. Hls prgsgf-
tloeifgs plrl rgcestrlr gstls clrlftáls sif ibsgrvl`ls efoirrgotl-
agftg `g fi ouapher oif his ghgagftis `g oifstetuoeÿf blki hl hgy
oif rghloeÿf rgomlzlf
rgcestrl`irgs l hl e`gfteoloeÿf `g hiscgfåreol
ufl `gsorepoeÿf begfgs gf
`ghclrlftál. Lsá, his
begf gf clrlftál.

(53) g `g hl lrlftl iehelrel;

lrlftl iehelrel
Lrtáouhi <5.- «Oiftgfe`i `gh loti kur á`e
á`eoi
oi oif
oifste
stetu
tu
t ev
evi
i `g
`g hl
hl lr
lcr lf
lftá
tál
l aib
aib
e helrel

7. Hl e`gfteoloeÿf y hl `gsorepoeÿf `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel. Hl `gsorepoeÿf
sg rglhezlrì prgjgrgftgagftg `g jiral gspgoáol i cgfåreol, sgcûf hi lougr`gf hls plrtgs.
(5=) Rgch lagfti;
Lrtáouhi =?.-
=?.- «segfti ghgotrfeoi
ghgotrfeoi `g clrlftls
clrlftls aiehelrels

2. Gh fiabrg y `gsorepoeÿf gspgoáol i cgfåreol `gh begf augbhg altgrel `gh loti kurá`eoi, sgcûf hi
loir`l`i pir hls plrtgs´.

<><
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

^gri, gstl `gsorepoeÿf cgfåreol gs fgogslrel plrl `gsoreber uf crupi

laphei i ohlsgs `g begfgs fi jufcebhgs gf efvgftlrei `g agrol`gráls
y gquepis´(55).
Rgsuhtl fgogslrei, pugs, rglhezlr ai`eoloeifgs l hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál
Aibehelrel y ly su
seaphg, ohlrl Rgchlagfti.
l`goul`l Ghhi, oifqug
gh trltlaegfti gh sg
ibkgtevi
mlog `g`ghls
rgcuhlr `g alfgrl
oltgciráls cgfå-
reols `g begfgs.
^ir itrl plrtg, hl pisebehe`l` `g plotlr ufl clrlftál aibehelrel qug
lblrqug hl titlhe`l` `g his begfgs `gh oifstetuygftg tlabeåf agrgog lhcu-
fls oráteols.
_e begf gs oegrti qug hl prefoeplh clrlftál (gf gh sgfte`i oihiquelh `g
hl plhlbrl) sg gfougftrl gf hl vihuftl` `gh oifstetuygftg(<>>), `gbg sgül -
hlrsg qug gh gsqugal lotulh `g oiftrltloeifgs ai`grfls, olrlotgrezl`i pir
hl gxestgfoel `g ufl plrtg jugrtg y itrl plrtg `åbeh (<><), pi`rál oifhhgvlr l
setuloeifgs «gsohlvezl`irls´. Gf gsg sgfte`i, sg ml sgül hl`i qu qug;
«^rgcuftåaifis quå plslrì oif gh `gu`ir qug hi `ei ti`i gf clrlftál
oulf`i fgogsetg uf fugvi flfoelaegfti ¹Wstg`, hgotir,
hgotir, sg lfealrál
l prgstlrhg `efgri l gstg `gu`ir, qug hg `ei ti`i sus begfgs augbhgs
prgsgftgs y juturis gf clrlftál lh preagr lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i y qug
fi tegfg pripeg`l`gs efaugbhgs9 ^isebhgagftg fi.

@g hi lftgreir tgfgais qug, se begf gh pufti `g plrte`l gs gh gkgroeoei
`g hl hebgrtl` y pi`gr mlogr hi qug qugrlais oif fugstris begfgs, mly
qug tgfgr oue`l`i `g fi gstlr pgraetegf`i plotis qug pi`rálf tgrae-
flr gsohlvezlf`i l sus lutirgs´(<>2).
_ibrg gstg pufti, oifse`grlais qug gstl pisebehe`l` (fis rgjgreais
l hl oifstetuoeÿf `g clrlftál sibrg ti`is his begfgs prgsgftgs y juturis)
`gbgrál gheaeflrsg `gh oiftgfe`i `g hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel.

(55) HG_, gyii` . Ip. o et., p. <?.

(<>>) OL_GHHLRG_ LWHLR, Rihlf`i AGKRL@L OLWOL, OLWOL, Alrtáf y RGL ^LFL,^LFL, Alroi
Lftifei. @g hl prgf`l l hl clrlftál aibehelrel; ufl veseÿf oráteol - Agsl Rg`if`l. Gf `ioltus
Rgvestl g`etl`l pir lhuafis `g hl Wfevgrse`l` `g Heal, F» <0, 2>>:, p. 0<=.
(<><) Ebá`ga.
(<>2) GRRGR @L, grÿfeol.
grÿfeol. @gh lrtáouhi 5 `gh Oÿ`eci `g Oiagroei Wfejirag `g GG.WW. l hl Hgy
`g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel ¹Jloehetlf`i gh loogsi sistgfe`i lh orå`eti9´. Gf `ioltus. Rgvestl g`e-
tl`l pir lhuafis `g hl Wfevgrse`l` `g Heal, F» <0, 2>>:, p. <7=.

<>2
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

@goeais ghhi, `gbe`i l qug gstg olsi eapheolrál, gf his mgomis, hl

efaivehezloeÿf `gh pltreaifei `gh `gu`ir. Ghhi, gf hl ag`e`l `g qug oulh
oulh--
quegr plci qug quesegrl i tuvegrl qug mlogr l tgrogris, hi tgf`rál qug rglhe-
zlr oif `efgri i begfgs `g gstl flturlhgzl qug gstlrálf ljgotis l hl clrlf-
clrlf -
tál aibehelrel.
Gf tlh sgfte`i, fl`eg hg logptlrál plci lhcufi, gf hl ag`e`l `g qug gh
`efgri i begfgs qug hg rgoeblf tlabeåf gstlrìf ljgotis l clrlftál aibehelrel
(lmirl gf gh pltreaifei `g his tgrogris lorgg`irgs `gh `gu`ir qug ljgotÿ hl
eftgcre`l` `g su pltreaifei lotulh y juturi oif clrlftál aibehelrel).
 fi sÿhi gsi, sefi qug gstl blrblre`l` mlrál qug `g lmirl gf l`g-
l`g -
hlftg oulf`i vlylais l rgoeber uf plci, gf gjgotevi i gf omgqug, `g
lhcuegf, `gbgrgais er preagri l Rgcestris ^ûbheois y clstlr fugstri `efgri
gf siheoetlr uf ORGA (Ogrteol`i Rgcestrlh Aibehelrei) qug lorg`etg qug
quegf fis vl l plclr fi ml crlvl`i gh begf, gh `efgri i ti`i su pltreaifei
oif clrlftál aibehelrel gf jlvir `g uf tgrogri.
Oiai pug`g lprgoelrsg jìoehagftg, `g lmirl gf l`ghlftg sg trlblrì gh
trìoi agrolfteh y sg gfolrgográlf fitlbhgagftg his oisis `g trlfslooeÿf.
Ghhi, pugs gstg oisti l`eoeiflh segaprg sg trlshl`lrì lh ohegftg, quegf
tgraeflrì plclf`i gh ORGA y his oistis l`eoeiflhgs qug eapheol `eomi
trìaetg.
@g gstl jiral, oif gh prgtgxti `g lcehezlr hl efoirpirloeÿf `g hl alyir
olfte`l` `g begfgs oiai gvgftulh ibkgti `g clrlftál aibehelrel, hl Hgy ml
efstlhl`i gh cgragf `gh olis, pugs quegf quegrl tgfgr hl sgcure`l` `g qug
gh `efgri i begfgs oif his qug sg hg plclf fi gstìf ljgotis l clrlftál aibe-
aibe-
helrel, `gbgrì oifsuhtlr segaprg gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis. Olsi
oiftrlrei, lsuaerì hls oifsgougfoels, qug fi sif itrls qug gh qug his begfgs
rgoebe`is gf plci gstlrìf ljgotis l clrlftál aibehelrel gf jlvir `g uf tgr-
ogri, oif gh pgqugüi efoifvgfegftg `g qug gsis begfgs lmirl fi sif `g pri-
peg`l` `gh
`gh `gu`ir qug his ljgotÿ
ljgotÿ gf clrlftál aibehelr
aibehelrel,
el, sefi `g uf tgrogri.
tgrogri.
^gri, fi sg orgl qug gstis pribhgals sg vlf l prgsgftlr sihlagftg gf
his olsis `gsoretis.
Hlagftlbhgagftg, sg prgsgftlrìf gf ti`l iolseÿf gf qug ufl pgrsifl
vlyl l tgfgr qug rgoeber gf plci uf begf rgcestrlbhg i fi rgcestrlbhg.

<>?
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Gf hi qug rgspgotl l his begfgs rgcestrlbhgs, oiai gs gh olsi `g his

vgmáouhis lutiaitirgs, ghhi fi sgrì fivg`l`. ^gri sá hi gs gf gh olsi `g
his effetis begfgs fi rgcestrlbhgs, plrl ouyl oiftrltloeÿf, l plrter `g
hl vecgfoel `g hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel, gh lorgg`ir `g his aes-
ais, lftgs `g logptlrhis gf plci, `gbg vgreolr se sg gfougftrlf ljgotis
gf clrlftál aibehelrel. @g gstlrhi y fi mlbgrhi vgreol`i lftgs `g rgoe-
rgoe -
berhis gf plci, seaphg
seaphgagftg,
agftg, hl clrlft
clrlftál
ál aibehel
aibehelrel
rel pgralf
pgralfgogrì
gogrì sibrg
gsis begfgs, pgri his aesais yl fi gstlrìf gf gh pltreaifei `g lqugh qug
oifstetuyÿ clrlftál aibehelrel sibrg ghhis, sefi gf gh pltreaifei `g uf
tgrogri.
Gf gsg sgfte`i, olbg prgcuftlr se `esaefuygrif i luagftlrif his
oistis `g trlfslooeÿf gf gh ^grû. Hl rgspugstl gs ohlrl; gs ibvei qug
luagftlrif.

2.0. _ibrg hl gxt gfs

gfseÿ
eÿf
f `gh or
orå`
å`et
eti
i

Gh lrtáouhi ?.2 `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel gstlbhgog qug gs

pisebhg qug hl gxtgfseÿf `gh orå`eti pug`l hhgclr l lblrolr ufl ef`gafezl-
ef`gafezl-
oeÿf pir gvgftulhgs `lis y pgrkueoeis.
Gf gh sestgal pgrulfi `g hl rgspifslbehe`l` oeveh oiftrlotulh, hl oif-
oif-
curloeÿf `g uf supugsti `g rgspifslbehe`l` rgquegrg hl vgreoloeÿf `g ufl
sgreg `g ghgagftis, l slbgr; hl lftekure`eoe`l` `g hl oif`uotl, gh fgxi olu-
slh, gh jlotir `g ltrebuoeÿf `gh cgfgrl`ir `gh `li y uf `li oegrti y pri-
pri-
bl`i. Gstis ghgagftis sif vgreol`is `gftri `g uf priogsi pir uf kugz,
eaplroelh g ef`gpgf`egftg.

_ef gablrci,
Aibehelrel hl rg`looeÿf
sgül hl qug gh lorgg`ir`ghclrlftezl
lorgg`ir lrtáouhi
clrl `i?.2
ftezl`i `g ghl`gtgraeflr
pug`
pug`g Hgyaeflr
`gtgr `g hl hl
hllrlftál
oulftál
oulftál
`g his `lis y pgrkueoeis sujre`is, gs `goer, qug åh aesai pug`l sgr kugz y
plrtg. Lsá;
«Oulf`i hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel sgülhl qug gh lorgg`ir
clrlftezl`i pug`g oibrlrsg hl ef`gafezloeÿf qug hg oirrgspif`l
pir his `lis sujre`i
sujre`is,
s, sef `goer aìs, lplrgftg
lplrgftgagftg
agftg hg gstlrál
`lf`i lh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i gh pi`gr `g `gtgraeflr hl gxestgf-
oel `g uf `lüi oegrti, hl oulftál `gh aesai y hl gxestgfoel `g ufl
oluslhe`l` l`goul`l. Gs `goer, gh qug gs plrtg eftgrgsl`l, `goe`g l

<>0
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

su jlvir, se sujreÿ uf `li y l ouìfti lsoegf`g hl rgplrloeÿf qug hg

oirrgspif`g´(<>?).
Gf gsg ir`gf `g e`gls, oifse`grlais qug gh lrtáouhi ?.2 `g hl Hgy `g hl
lrlftál Aibehelrel `gbgrál sgr ai`eol`i, gf gh sgfte`i `g qug sg sglhg
qug «hl clrlftál aibehelrel sg gxtegf`g l his `lüis
is y pgrk
pgrkue
ueoe
oeis
is oia
oiapr
pri-
i-
bl`is pir gh ÿrclfi kures`eooeiflh oiapgtgftg, i l lqugh loir`l`i pir hls
plrtgs l trlvås `g ufl trlfslooeÿf gxtrlku`eoelh.

?. GH ^RIUGOPI
^RIUGO PI @G HL FW
FWGZ
GZL
L HGU @G HL CLRLFPÁL AIBE-
HELREL

Gf gh ^grû, gh ^i`gr Gkgoutevi ml prgsgftl`i lh Oifcrgsi `g hl Rgpû-

bheol, plrl su uhtgreir `gbltg, gh ^riygoti
^riygoti `g Hgy
Hgy F»
F» ?:<</2><?-^G
?:<</2><?-^G (gf l`g
l`g--
hlftg, gh ^riygoti), l trlvås `gh oulh sg busol lpriblr ufl fugvl Hgy `g
hl lrlftál Aibehelrel. Gh oetl`i ^riygoti jug prgsgftl`i oif olrìotgr `g
urcgftg, gh `ál <3 `g kufei `g 2><0.
Gstg ^riygoti flog `gbe`i l qug hl lotulh Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehel-
rel fi ml ouaphe`i oif sus ibkgtevis `g hl alfgrl `gsgl`l. Lsá, hl gxpise-
oeÿf `g aitevis `gh ^riygoti sglhl hi secuegftg;
Gh ibkgtevi `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel grl jloehetlr hl ute
ute--
hezloeÿf `g clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs plrl luagftlr gh loogsi
lh flfoelaegfti, prefoeplhagftg `g hls aeoris (seo) y pgqugls
gaprgsls (A^G), l trlvås `gh orå`eti `gh sestgal flfoegri y `g
privgg`irgs.

Fi ibstlftg
sibrg gh lvlfogAibehelrel,
A lrlftál gf hl eaphgagftloeÿf
gh fjirag `g hl fugvl
^grû; firaltevl
@elcfÿsteoi y
rgoiagf`loeifgs `g agkirls plrl gh sestgal `g clrlftáls aibehel-
rels  e`gfteoÿ qug gh bgfgoei goifÿaeoi titlh prgvesti `g gstl
Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel fi sg mlbál mgomi gjgotevi .
Gf tlh sgfte`i, oirrgspif`g mlogr ufl gfuagrloeÿf `g his prefoeplhgs
olabeis qug trlg oifseci gh ^riygoti oif rgspgoti l hi gstlbhgoe`i pir hl
vecgftg Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel.

(<>?) GRRGR @L, grÿfeol.

grÿfeol. Ip. o et., p. <:<.

<>7
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

. <. Hls ai`lh

?
.<. ai`lhe`
e`l`
l`gs
gs `g lr
lr lftá
c lftál
l aibehe
aibehelr
lrel
el sibr
sibrgg begf
begf au
augb
gbhg
hg

Gh ^riygoti prgsgftl ufl effivloeÿf rgspgoti l hl vecgftg Hgy `g hl

lrlftál Aibehelrel, lh pripifgr gf su lrtáouhi 0 (<>0) uf gsqugal `g his
`evgrsis tepis `g clrlftál aibehelrel (gh oulh fi gfougftrl plrlfcÿf oif
fefcûf lrtáouhi oiftgfe`i gf hl Hgy lotulh).
Gf gsg sgfte`i, gh lrtáouhi 0 `gh ^riygoti prgtgf`g rgcuhlr oiforgtl-
oiforgtl-
agftg hls secuegftgs ai`lhe`l`gs `g clrlftáls;
- lrlftl aiehelrel `g l`ueseoef. Gstl clrlftál sg rggrg lh ohìseoi
supugsti `g hl oiaprl `g uf begf itirclf`i ufl clrlftál aibehelrel
sibrg `eomi begf plrl lsgcurlr gh ouapheaegfti `g hl `gu`l.
- lrlftl chilh  itlftg.Gh priygoti `gfg l hl clrlftál chiblh y
itlftg oiai lqughhl qug pgraetg lh itirclftg `g hl clrlftál eftgr-
olabelr gh begf `l`i gf clrlftál pir itri(s) seaehlr(gs), i `g vlhir
gquevlhgftg.
- lrlftls ahtephgs. Fi sg trltl, pripelagftg, `g uf fugvi supugsti
`g clrlftál gf tåraefi oulhetltevi. Gstlais, gf rglhe`l`, jrgftg l uf
supugsti oulftetltevi `g clrlftáls. Gh ^riygoti sg rggrg lh tápeoi olsi
`gh begf itircl`i gf clrlftál aìs `g ufl vgz.

(<>0) rigoti iehelrel;

rigoti `g g `g hl lrlftl iehelrel
Lrtáouhi 0.-
0.- «i`lhe`l`gs `g
`g clrlftl aiehelrel
aiehelrel
0.< lrlftál aibehelrel `g l`queseoeÿf; ljgotl begfgs oirpirlhgs gspgoáois qug clrlftezlf hl ibhe-
ibhe-
cloeÿf `g plci `gh prgoei `g oiaprl i oistis `g l`queseoeÿf l jlvir `gh vgf`g`ir i `g quegf privgl
his jif`is i flfoelaegfti fgogslreis plrl hl oiaprl i l`queseoeÿf `g `eomis begfgs. Gstl ai`lhe-
ai`lhe -
`l` `g
Hgy, clrlftál
tgfgr pug`g,
prghloeÿf blkil oegrtls
jrgftg oif`eoeifgs
itris lorgg`irgs gspgoáolslljlvir
clrlftezl`is sgr prgvestls gf gh `gu`ir
`g quegfgs Rgchlagfti `gmlyl
clrlftg gstl
itircl`i ufl clrlftál aibehelrel sibrg gh aesai tepi `g begfgs.
0.2 lrlftál hiblh y hitlftg; gstlbhgog uf crlvlagf sibrg gh begf ljgotl`i l hl clrlftál, qug
pgraetg lh oifstetuygftg `espifgr `g `eomi begf plrl sustetuerhi pir itris gquevlhgftgs i `g vlhir
gquevlhgftg.
0.? lrlftáls aibehelrels aûhtephgs; oulf`i sg oifstetuyg aìs `g ufl clrlftál aibehelrel sibrg uf
aesai begf i begfgs ljgotis sef hl fgogse`l` `g lutirezloeÿf i fiteoloeÿf lhcufl l oulhquegr itri
lorgg`ir i tgrogri. Hl prghloeÿf `g hls clrlftáls aibehelrels, efohuygf`i sus begfgs ltrebuebhgs qug
sg mlylf oifstetue`i y pubheoetl`i `g oifjirae`l` oif gstl Hgy, lsá oiai his crlvìagfgs, ag`e`ls
olutghlrgs i olrcls ku`eoelhgs, trebutlrels y l`aefestrltevls gf cgfgrlh, sg `gtgraefl pir gh aiagfti
`g su pubheoe`l`.
0.0 Gh Lorgg`ir lrlftezl`i y gh `gu`ir clrlftg pug`gf loir`lr his tåraefis y oif`eoeifgs blki his
oulhgs gh Lorgg`ir lrlftezl`i pug`g rgsihvgr i loghgrlr gh plci `g hl ibhecloeÿf gf olsi `g `espi -
seoeÿf `gh begf i oifstetuoeÿf `g fugvls clrlftáls aibehelrels sef gablrci, gstls gstepuhloeifgs fi
tgf`rìf gjgotis oiftrl tgrogris y hl prghloeÿf `g his lorgg`irgs gstlrì segaprg sukgtl l hls rgchls `g
prghloeÿf oiftgfe`ls gf gstl Hgy.

<>:
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Olbg sglhlr, flhagftg, qug gh efoesi oulrti `gh lrtáouhi 0 `gh ^ri-
^ri-
ygoti fi rgprgsgftl ufl fugvl ai`lhe`l` `g clrlftál, pugs åstg tegfg oiai
ibkgtevi rgoifiogr hl prgrricltevl `g hls plrtgs `g plotlr his tåraefis gf
qug gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i pug`g rgsihvgr i loghgrlr gh plci `g hl ibhecl-
oeÿf clrlftezl`l gf supugstis `g `espiseoeÿf `gh begf itircl`i gf clrlftál
i `g oifstetuoeÿf `g fugvls clrlftáls sibrg gh aesai.
_ef pgrkueoei `g ti`i hi sglhl`i, olbrál prgcuftlrsg ouìhgs sif his
gstu`eis i lfìheses gf qug sg blsl hl pripugstl phlftgl`l pir gh ^riygoti.
Oiai sg slbg, uf ^riygoti `g gstl flturlhgzl, pir su olrìotgr tåofeoi, `gbg-
rál mlogrsg tgfegf`i gf ougftl gstu`eis goifÿaeois, kurá`eois g, efohusi,
sioelhgs. _ef gablrci, gh ^riygoti fi mlog rgjgrgfoel l fefcufi `g ghhis.

?.2. Rguesetis plrl hl oifstetuoeÿf `g ufl clrlftál aibehelrel

H C A vecgf t g ^ r iygot i ` g H C A

Lrtáouhi Oiftgfe`i `gh loti ku r á`eoi Lrtáouhi <7.-

oifstetut ev<5.-
`g«hl lr
i `g l
cr lf
lfttál ai
aib
e helrel
b <7.< Hl clrlftál aibehelrel sg oifstetuyg
Gh loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi `g hl clrlftál
aibehelrel `gbgrì oiftgfgr oiai aáfeai;
<. His `ltis qug pgraetlf hl e`gfteole`gfteol--
oeÿf, efohuygf`i gh `iaeoehei, `gh oifs-oifs-
tetuygftg, `gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i y `gh
`gu`ir, lsá oiai hl ral gsoretl i ghgo-ghgo -
trÿfeol oulf`i agfis `gh preagri.
2. Gf olsi `g begfgs fi rgcestrl`is, hl `gohl-
rloeÿf kurl`l `gh oifstetuygftg sibrg su
oif`eoeÿf `g pripegtlrei `gh begf aug- aug-
bhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel
aibehelrel.. Gh
oifstetuygftg lsuaerì hls rgspifslbehe`l-
`gs oevehgs i pgflhgs qug pu`egrlf `gre-
vlrsg `g hl jlhsg`l` i efgxlotetu` `g gstl
`gohlrloeÿf.
?. Gh vlhir `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf
clrlftál aibehelrel, loir`l`i gftrg hls
plrtgs i kl`i pir uf tgrogri `g oiaûf
lougr`i.
0. Gh aifti `gtgraefl`i i `gtgraeflbhg
`gh crlvlagf.
7. Hl e`gfteoloeÿf y hl `gsorepoeÿf `gh
begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibe-
<7.- «ifstetuoef
ag`elftg loti kurá`eoi ufehltgrlh i phu-
rehltgrlh ljgotlf`i uf begf i begfgs
l his qug sg rggrg gh lrtáouhi 7 `g hl
prgsgftg hgy
hgy,, plrl lsgcurlr gh ouaphe-
aegfti `g ufl ibhecloeÿf, oifjirag
oif his rgquesetis `gh prgsgftg olpátuhi.
<7.2 Gh loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi oifstlrì
pir gsoreti blki slfoeÿf `g fuhe`l` y
pi`rì efstruagftlrs
efstruagftlrsgg pir oulhquegr
oulhquegr itri
ag`ei jgmloegftg qug `gkg oifstlf-
oifstlf-
oel `g hl vihuftl` `g quegf hi itircl,
efohuygf`i gh tåhgx, tghgjlx, eftgrola-
eftgrola-
bei ghgotrÿfeo
ghgotrÿfeoii `g `ltis, oirrgi ghgo
ghgo--
trÿfeoi y itris ag`eis ÿpteois i seae-
seae-
hlrgs. Fi prgoesl efstruagftlrsg gf
gsoreturl pûbheol fe ogrteolrsg hls r-
als pir fitlrei, slhvi qug hls plrtgs
lsá hi lougr`gf. Hls firals rgchlagf-
tlrels pi`rìf prgvgr gh usi `g ag`eis
y sestgals ghgotrÿfeois qug fi rgqueg-
rgqueg-
rlf rals i ogrteol`is `ecetlhgs, sega-
sega-
prg qug pgraetlf
pgraetlf lsgcurlr
lsgcurlr ufl oifstlf-
oifstlf-
oel `g`ecfl `g hl vihuftl` `g quegf
itircl gh loti kurá`eoi.

<>3
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf
H C A vecgf t g
helrel. Hl `gsorepoeÿ
`gsorepoeÿff sg rglhezlrì prgjg
prgjg-- <7.? Gh loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi
rgftgagftg `g jiral gspgoáol i cgfå- cgfå-
reol, sgcûf hi lougr`gf hls plrtgs.
:. Hl `gsorepoeÿf gspgoáol i cgfåreol `g hl
ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l, sgcûf hi lougr-
`gf hls plrtgs.
3. Gh fiabrg i rlzÿf sioelh, `iouagfti i i--
oelh `g e`gfte`l` y `iaeoehei `gh `gpise-
tlrei, se jugrl gh olsi.
=. Hl jgoml oegrtl `gh loti kurá`eoi
oifstetutevi.
5. Gh phlzi `g vecgfoel `g hl clrlftál aibe-
helrel. ^i`rì plotlrsg uf phlzi ef`gfe`i.
Gf `gjgoti `g phlzi plotl`i, sg prgsuag
qug gs ef`gfe`i.
<>. Hl jiral y oif`eoeifgs `g hl gkgouoeÿf
`gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál
aibehelrel.
<<. f`eoloeÿf `g his `ltis `g efsorepoeÿf `gh
begf augbhg gf uf Rgcestri Kurá`eoi `g
egfgs, oulf`i oirrgspif`l.
<2. `gfteoloeÿf `g his rgprgsgftlftgs l qug
sg rggrgf his lrtáouhis 03, efoesi <, y 7?,
fuagrlh 7?.:, `g sgr gh olsi.
i`l hl efjiraloeÿf qug lftgog`g `gbgrì
oifstlr gf gh jirauhlrei `g efsorepoeÿf
oirrgspif`egftg.
<>=
^ r iygot i ` g H C A
oifs tetutevi `g hl
clrlftál aibehelrel `gbgrì oiftgfgr
oiai aáfeai;
l. His `ltis qug pgraetlf hl e`gfteol-
e`gfteol-
oeÿf `gh `gu`ir clrlftg, `gh Lorgg-
Lorgg-
`ir lrlftezl`i y `g hl ibhecloeÿf
clrlftezl`l,
clrlftezl` l, lsá oiai hl ral gsoretl
i ghgotrÿfeol qug itircl oifjirae-
oifjirae-
`l` l hl oifstetuoeÿf `g hl clrlftál
oulf`i agfis `gh `gu`ir clrlftg.
b. Hl `gsorepoeÿf `gh begf i begfgs qug
sgrìf ljgotl`is oif ufl clrlftál
aibehelrel. Hl `gsorepoeÿf sg rglhe-rglhe-
zlrì `g jiral gspgoáol i cgfåreol,
sgcûf hi lougr`gf hls plrtgs.
o. Hl vihuftl` gxprgsl `g hl eftgfoeÿf
`g crlvlr his begfgs gf clrlftál `gh
ouapheaegfti `g hl ibhecloeÿf lsá
oiai hl `gohlrloeÿf
olploe`l` y `grgomi `g oiftlr
plrl oif
gh itir-
claegfti `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel4
rlzÿf pir hl oulh sg lsuag hls rgs- rgs-
pifslbehe`l`gs
pifslbehe `l`gs oevehgs i pgflhgs qug
pu`egrlf `grevlrsg `g hl jlhsg`l` i
efgxlotetu` `g `eoml `gohlrloeÿf.
`. Hl lutirezloeÿf pir plrtg `gh `gu`ir
clrlftg lh Lorgg`ir Clrlftezl`i plrl
qug rglheog hl efoirpirloeÿf `g his
lvesis oirrgspif`egftgs gf gh _estgal
fjiraltevi `g lrlftáls Aibehelrels.
g. Gh aifti `gtgraefl`i i `gtgraefl-
bhg `gh crlvlagf.
crlvlagf.
j. oulf`i
Hl `gsecfloeÿf `gh Rgprgsgftlftg,
lsá hi lougr`gf hls plrtgs.
c. Gh vlhir `g l`ku`eoloe
l`ku`eoloeÿfÿf `gh begf,
plotl`i
plot l`i pir
pir hls plrtgs,
plrtgs, i gf su olsi
olsi hl
jiral i agolfesai `g `gtgraefloeÿf
lh aiagfti `g su rglhezloeÿf,
r glhezloeÿf, gf olsi
sgl `g lpheoloeÿf hi gstlbhgoe`i gf gh
lrtáouhi 7= `g hl prgsgftg Hgy.
m. Gf gh olsi `g clrlftál aibehelrel prg-
oifstetue`l, `gbgrì `gklrsg oifstlfoel
gf gh loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi `g hl
clrlftál aibehelrel `gh olrìotgr juturi
`gh begf i `gh olrìotgr juturi i gvgf-
gvgf-
tulh `g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l.
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

H C A vecgf t g ^ r iygot i ` g H C A
<7.0 Oulf`i hl clrlftál aibehelrel sg oifs-
oifs -
tetuyl pir uf tgrogri, åstg sg oifse`grl
`gu`ir clrlftg blki gstl Hgy y fi sg
rgqugrerì `gh oifsgfteaegfti `gh `gu`ir
`g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l plrl oifs-
oifs-
tetuer hl clrlftál.
<7.7 ^lrl qug hl clrlftál aibehelrel sgl ipi-
ipi-
febhg jrgftg l tgrogris `gbg ouapher oif
his rgquesetis `g pubheoe`l` gstlbhgoe-
`is gf gstl Hgy.

Gh ^riygoti gstlbhgog ufl agfir olfte`l` `g rgquesetis plrl gh loti

oifstetutevi `g hl clrlftál. Lsá;
- _ÿhi gxecg hl e`gfteoloeÿf `g `is sukgtis; gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i y
gh oifstetuygftg (`gfiaefl`i «`gu`ir clrlftg´).
- _g gheaefl hl gxecgfoel `g his `ltis `gh `gu`ir
`gu`ir..
- _g gheaefl hl gxecgfoel `g jgoml oegrtl `gh loti oifstetutevi.
- _g gheaefl hl gxecgfoel `g oifsecflr hl jiral y oif`eoeifgs `g gkgou
gkgou--
oeÿf `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel.
Gsti ibg`gog lh ibkgtevi `g hebgrlr l hls plrtgs `g rgquesetis effgogsl-
reis plrl uf gjgotevi jufoeiflaegfti `gh sestgal `g clrlftáls aibehelrels.

?.?. egfgs ug pug`gf itirclrsg gf clrlftál aibehelrel

H C A vecgf t g ^ r iygot i ` g H C A
Lrtáouhi 0.-
0.- Begfgs aug bh gs oi
oiap
r gf
gf`e
`e`i gf Lrtáouhi 7.-
`iss gf 7.- Begfgs sus ogpt ebh gs `g
`g ljgo
ljgotl
tlrs
rsgg
gstl Hgy oif lr
l
c r lf
lfttál ai
aib
e helrel
b
Hl clrlftál aibehelrel l qug sg rggrg hl prg-
prg - 7.< Gf cgfgrlh ti`is his begfgs augbhgs
aug bhgs
sgftg Hgy pug`g oifstetuersg sibrg ufi i rgcestrl`is i fi rgcestrl`is, y his `grg-
vlreis begfgs augbhgs gspgoáois, sibrg oltg-
oltg- omis sibrg gstis, pug`gf sgr ibkgti `g
ciráls cgfåreols `g begfgs augbhgs i sibrg hl clrlftál aibehelrel. Hl clrlftál aibehel-
titlhe`l` `g his begfgs augbhgs `gh oifstetu- rel l qug sg rggrg hl prgsgftg Hgy pug`g
ygftg `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel, sglf prgsgf- oifstetuersg sibrg ufi i vlreis begfgs
tgs i juturis, oirpirlhgs i efoirpirlhgs. gspgoáois i sibrg oltgciráls cgfåreols
`g begfgs, sglf prgsgftgs i juturis, oisls
i `grgomis, oirpirlhgs i efoirpirlhgs.

<>5
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf
H C A vecgf t g
^ug`gf sgr ibkgti `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel; 7.2 ^lrteouhlra
<. His vgmáouhis tgrrgstrgs `g oulhquegr
ohlsg.
2. Hls jugrzls flturlhgs susogptebhgs `g
lpripeloeÿf.
?. Hls oifstruooeifgs gf tgrrgfi lkgfi,
mgomls plrl uf f tgapirlh.
0. His altgrelhgs `g oifstruooeÿf i priog
priog--
`gftgs `g ufl `gaiheoeÿf se fi gstìf ufe-
ufe -
`is lh sughi.
7. His efvgftlreis, gståf oifstetue`is pir
begfgs jufcebhgs
jufcebhgs i fi jufcebhgs.
:. Gh slh`i `g ougftls blfolrels, `gpÿsetis
blfolreis, ougftls `g lmirri i ogrteol
ogrteol--
`is `g `gpÿseti l phlzi gf blfois u itrls
gfte`l`gs flfoegrls.
3. Oifioeaegftis `g gablrqug i tátuhis `g
lfìhicl flturlhgzl.
=. Hls looeifgs i plrteoeploeifgs gf sioeg
sioeg--
`l`gs i lsioeloeifgs, lufqug sglf pri-
pegtlrels `g begfgs efaugbhgs.
efaugbhgs.
5. His `grgomis pltreaifelhgs `g lutir, `g
efvgftir, `g pltgftg, fiabrgs oiagroel-
hgs, alrols y itris seaehlrgs.
<>. His orå`etis, oif i sef clrlftál
aibehelrel.
<<. His tátuhis vlhirgs `g oulhquegr ohlsg
efohuygf`i lqughhis laplrl`is oif
mepitgol i his efstruagftis gf his qug
oifstg hl tetuhlre`l` `g orå`etis i `grg-
omis pgrsiflhgs, gxogpti his omgqugs.
<2. His begfgs augbhgs juturis.
<?. Hls pÿhezls `g sgcuri.
<0. Gh `grgomi `g ibtgfgr jrutis i pri`uotis
`g oulhquegr begf.
<7. i`i tepi `g alqueflrel i gquepi qug
oifsgrvg su olrìotgr aibehelrei.
<:. His `grgomis l `eve`gf`is i l utehe`l`gs
`g sioeg`l`gs.
<3. i`i begf augbhg `l`i gf lrrgf`laegfti
flfoegri i lrrgf`l`i.
<<>
^ r iygot i ` g H C A
^lrteouhlragftg,
gftg, `g alfgrl gfufoel gfufoel--
tevl, pug`gf sgr ibkgti `g hl clrlftál
aibehelrel;
<. His vgmáouhis tgrrgstrg
tgrrgstrgss `g oulhquegr
ohlsg.
2. Hls jugrzls flturlhgs susogptebhgs `g
lpripeloeÿf.
?. Hls oifstruooeifgs gf tgrrgfi lkgfi,
mgomls plrl uf f tgapirlh.
0. His altgrelhgs `g oifstruooeÿf i his
priog`gftgss `g ufl `gaiheoeÿf se fi
priog`gftg
gstìf ufe`is lh sughi.
7. His efvgftlreis, gståf oifstetue`is
pir begfgs jufcebhgs
jufcebhgs i fifi jufcebhgs.
jufcebhgs.
:. Gh slh`i `g ougftls i `gpÿsetis i
his ogrteol`is `g `gpÿseti l phlzi
ioirrgspif`l
his ogrteol`is
oirrgspif`l, blfolreis,
, gf gaprgsls sgcûf
sukgtls l hl
supgrveseÿf y oiftrih `g hl _upgref-
_upgref -
tgf`gfoel `g lfol, _gcuris y L^ i
gfte`l`gs lutirezl`ls plrl tlh gjgoti
ag`elftg `espiseoeÿf hgclh gxprgsl.
3. Oifioeaegftis `g gablrqug i tátuhis
`g lfìhicl flturlhgzl.
=. Hls looeifgs i plrteoeploeifgs gf
sioeg`l`gs i lsioeloeifgs, lufqug
gstls sglf pripegtlrels `g begfgs
efaugbhgs.
5. His `grgomis
`grgomis pltreaifelhgs `g lutir,
lutir,
`g efvgftir, `g pltgftg, fiabrgs
oiagroelhgs, alrols y itris seaehlrgs.
<>. His orå`etis i hls olrtgrls `g orå`etis.
<<. His tátuhis vlhirgs `g oulhquegr ohlsg
efohuygf`i lqughhis laplrl`is oif
mepitgol i his efstruagftis gf his
qug oifstg hl tetuhlre`l` `g orå`etis
i `grgomis pgrsiflhgs, gxogpti his
omgqugs.
<2. Hls ef`gafezloeifgs privgfegftgs
`g hls pÿhezls `g sgcuri.
<?. Gh `grgomi `g ibtgfgr jrutis i pri- pri-
`uotis `g oulhquegr begf.
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs
H C A vecgf t g
<=. Hls oifogseifgs prevl`ls qug sglf
augbhgs y qug fi tgfclf olrìotgr
pgrsiflháseai.
pgrsiflháse ai.
<5. Hls flvgs y lgriflvgs.
2>. His piftifgs, phltljirals y g`eoeis
itlftgs.
2<. Hls hioiaitirl
hioiaitirls,s, vlcifgs y `gaìs
altgrelh ri`lftg ljgoti lh sgrveoei `g
jgrriolrrehgs.
22. Gf cgfgrlh, ti`is his begfgs augbhgs,
rgcestrl`is i fi rgcestrl`is, gxogpti hls
rgaufgrloeifgs, gh jif`i `g oiapgfsl-
oiapgfsl-
oeÿf pir tegapi `g sgrveoeis, his lrrlfts
y his Ogrteol`is `g @gpÿseti.
His begfgs augbhgs efgablrclbhgs, sgül hl-
`is gf gh lrtáouhi :0= `gh Oÿ`eci ^riogslh
Oeveh, fi gstìf ljgotis l clrlftál aibehelrel.
Fi pug`gf ljgotlrsg gf clrlftál aibehelrel
his rgoursis qug oifstetuygf gh gfolkg blf-
olrei `g oifjirae`l` oif gh lrtáouhi <:?
`g hl Hgy F» 2:3>2, Hgy gfgrlh `gh _es- _es-
tgal eflfoegri y `gh _estgal `g _gcuris y
rcìfeol `g hl _upgreftgf`gfoel `g lfol y
_gcuris.
lapioi gstìf ljgotis l clrlftál aibehelrel
his begfgs qug eftgcrlf his Jif`is `g Lpir-
tgs Ibhecltireis, gh Gfolkg Hgclh, gh Jif`i `g
Hifcgve`l`, gh Jif`i Oiaphgagftlrei y his
`gaìs sglhl`is gf gh lrtáouhi 2> `gh @gorgti
_uprgai F» >70-53-G, W `g hl Hgy `gh
_estgal ^revl`i `g L`aefestrloeÿf `g if-
`is `g ^gfseifgs. if-
Fi pug`gf ljgotlrsg gf clrlftál aibehelrel
hls lrals `g jugci y hls aufeoeifgs, `g oif-
oif-
jirae`l` oif gh lrtáouhi 23, efoesi 7, `g hl
Hgy 27>70, Hgy sibrg hl jlbreoloeÿf, oiagr-
oei, pisgseÿf y usi pir plrteouhlrgs `g lrals
y aufeoeifgs qug fi sif `g cugrrl.
^ r iygot i ` g H C A
<0. i`i tepi `g alqueflrel i gquepi
qug oifsgrvg su olrìotgr aibehelrei.
<7. His `grgomis l `eve`gf`is i l utehe-
utehe -
`l`gs `g sioeg`l`gs i qug sg `grevgf
`g oiftrltis lsioeltevis.
<:. i`i begf augbhg `l`i gf lrrgf`l-
lrrgf`l-
aegfti flfoegri i lrrgf`laegfti
oiaûf.
<3. Hls oifogseifgs prevl`ls, sus ukis
`g olkl y itris `grgomis loogsireis l
hl oifogseÿf.
<=. Hls lgriflvgs.
<5. Hls hioiaitirls, vlcifgs y `gaìs
altgrelh ri`lftg ljgoti lh sgrveoei `g
jgrriolrrehgs.
2>. His `grgomis oiftrlotulhgs, efohue-
efohue-
`is
usi, his `grgomis
pisgseÿf, oiftrlotulhgsusu-
lrrgf`laegfti, `g-
usu
jruoti i oulhquegr itri `grgomi oif-
oif-
trlotulh oif i sef clrlftál aibehelrel
i mepitgolrel.
2<. His ouhtevis lcrijirgstlhgs y hl oisg-
oisg -
oml prgsgftg i juturl.
22. Gh clfl`i y lfealhgs `g orelfzl prg-
sgftgs i juturis, lsá oiai his beg-
beg-
fgs ltrebuebhgs privgfegftgs `g gstis,
tlhgs oiai hgomg, qugsi, mugvis i
seaehlrgs.
2?. Hls sustlfoels aefgrlhgs `gh sughi y
`gh subsughi qug mlylf se`i sgplrl-
`ls `g hl aefl i yloeaegfti.
20. His ukis
 ukis `g begfgs prgsgftgs i
juturis.
27. Gh pirogftlkg `g hebrg `espifebehe-
`espifebehe-
`l` `g hl Oiapgfsloeÿf `g egapi
`g _grveoeis (O_) `g lougr`i l hl
hgceshloeÿf `g hl altgrel.
2:. His begfgs rgprgsgftl`is pir Ogrte-
Ogrte-
ol`is `g @gpÿseti y lrrlfts gae-
gae-
te`is pir his lhalogfgs cgfgrlhgs `g
`gpÿseti.
23.  ti`i itri begf augbhg, slhvi hls
gxohuseifgs sglhl`ls l oiftefuloeÿf;
<<<
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

H C A vecgf t g ^ r iygot i ` g H C A
l. His begfgs augbhgs efgablrclbhgs
`gohlrl`is lsá pir hgy gxprgsl.
b. Hls
Hls gablroloei
gablroloeifgsfgs y itris beg-
fgs y `grgomis oiaprgf`e`is gf
hl mepitgol flvlh oifjirag l hls
hgygs y oifvgfoeifgs eftgrfloei-
flhgs lpheolbhgs.
o. His rgoursis
r goursis qug oifstetuygf
oifst etuygf gh
gfolkg blfolrei `g oifjirae-
oifjirae-
`l` oif gh lrtáouhi <:? `g hl Hgy
F» 2:3>2, Hgy gfgrlh `gh _es _es--
tgal eflfoegri y `gh _estgal `g
_gcuris y rcìfeol `g hl _upgref-
_upgref-
tgf`gfoel `g lfol y _gcuris.
`. His begfgs qug eftgcrlf his Jif-
`is `g Lpirtgs Ibhecltireis, gh
Gfolkg Hgclh, gh Jif`i `g Hifcg-
ve`l`, gh Jif`i Oiaphgagftlrei y
his `gaìs sgül hl
hl`is
`is gf gh
gh lrtáo
lrtáouh
uhii
2> `gh @gorgti _uprgai F» >70-
53-G, gxti feoi r`gfl`i
`g hl Hgy `gh _estgal ^revl`i `g
L`aefestrloeÿf `g ^gfseifgs.

Gh ^riygoti alftegfg hl háfgl gfufoeltevl `g begfgs augbhgs susogp-

tebhgs `g sgr itircl`is gf clrlftál gstlbhgoe`l pir hl Hgy gf vecgfoel. _ef
gablrci, gstlbhgog fugvis supugstis, l slbgr;
- His begfgs augbhgs `l`is gf lrrgf`laegfti flfoegri i lrrgf`l
lrrgf`l--
aegfti oiaûf.

- His ukis `g begfgs, sglf gstis prgsgftgs i juturis.

- Hl ouitl `g hebrg `espiseoeÿf `g hl Oiapgfsloeÿf `g egapi `g _grve
_grve--
oeis (O_).
- His ouhtevis y oisgomls.
- Gh clfl`i, lsá oiai his jrutis `g ghhis.
- His `grgomis oiftrlotulhgs, oiai gh `grgomi `g usi, usujruoti, pisg
pisg--
seÿf, gto.
- Hls sustlfoels aefgrlhgs `gh sughi i subsughi, segaprg qug mlylf se`i
sgplrl`ls `gh yloeaegfti.

<<2
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

^ir itri hl`i, rgsuhtl eapirtlftg tgfgr gf ougftl qug gh ^riygoti iaetg
efohuer l hls flvgs oiai begfgs augbhgs susogptebhgs `g sgr itircl`is gf
clrlftál. @g mgomi, gstlbhgog qug tlhgs begfgs sg gfougftrlf gxohue`is.
Ghhi iourrg `gbe`i l qug gh ^riygoti phlftgl gh rgtirfi `g hls flvgs l
hl oltgcirál `g begfgs efaugbhgs. Lsá hi sglhl gf su ^reagrl @espiseoeÿf
Oiaphgagftlrel Ai`eoltirel;
^reagrl.- Ai`ejáolsg gh efoesi 0 `gh lrtáouhi ==7 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh,
^reagrl.-
gh oulh qug`l rg`lotl`i oifjirag lh secuegftg tgxti;
‘Lrtáouhi ==7.- egfgs efaugbhgs
_if efaugbhgs;
<.- 
0.- Hls flvgs y gablroloeifgs pgsqugrls
..

.0. G xt gfs
? fseeÿf `g hl lr
lr lftál aibehel
c aibehelrel
rel rgs
rgspgo
pgoti
ti `gh
`gh begf
begf

H C A vecgf t g
Lrtáouhi :.-
:.- tgfsef `g hl clrlftl Lrtáouhi 3.-
3.- tgfsef `g hl lrlftl
aib
e helrel
Hl clrlftál aibehelrel tgf`rì hl gxtgfseÿf, gf 3.< Gf rghloeÿf lh begf ljgotl`i, hl clrlf-
oulfti lh begf augbhg ljgotl`i, qug hls plr-
tgs oifvgfclf. L jlhtl `g ploti, hl clrlftál
aibehelrel ljgotlrì gh begf augbhg, sus plrtgs
eftgcrlftgs y loogsireis gxestgftgs lh tegapi
`g hl gkgouoeÿf y, gvgftulhagftg, gh prgoei
`g hl gflkgfloeÿf, gh fugvi begf augbhg qug
rgsuhtg `g hl trlfsjiraloeÿf `gh begf augbhg
ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel, hl ef`gafe-
ef`gafe -
zloeÿf `gh sgcuri qug sg mubegsg oiftrltl`i
oiftrlt l`i y
hl kusteprgoel`l gf gh olsi `g hl gxpripeloeÿf.
^ r iygot i ` g H C A
iehelrel
clrlf-
tál aibehelrel tgf`rì hl gxtgfseÿf qug
hls plrtgs oifvgfclf. L jlhtl `g ploti,
hl clrlftál aibehelrel ljgotlrì gh begf,
sus plrtgs eftgcrlftgs y loogsireis gxes-
tgftgs lh tegapi `g hl gkgouoeÿf y, gvgf-
gvgf -
tulhagftg, gh prgoei i gh pri`uoti `g hl
gflkgfloeÿf i trlfsjgrgfoel, his jrutis y
pri`uotis,
pri`uoti s, gh fugvi begf qug rgsuhtg
rgsuhtg ``gg hl
trlfsjiraloeÿf `gh begf `l`i gf clrlftál
aibehelrel, hl ef`gafezloeÿf `gh sgcuri
qug sg mubegsg oiftrltl`i y gh kusteprgoei
gf gh olsi `g gxpripeloeÿf.
3.2 Hl `gsorepoeÿf cgfåreol `gh begf ljgotl`i
gf clrlftál aibehelrel pug`g oiaprgf`gr
vìhe`lagftg l oltgciráls cgfgrlhgs `g
begfgs. Oulhque
Oulhquegr
gr jiral `g `gsorepoeÿ
`gsorepoeÿff
loir`l`l pir hls plrtgs qug pgraetl e`gf-
teolr his begfgs crlvl`is gs vìhe`l.

<<?
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

3.? _lhvi lougr`i gxprgsi gf oiftrlrei, ti`i

oiftrlti `g clrlftál aibehelrel oifste-
tuyg ufl sihl clrlftál sibrg his begfgs
i hls oltgciráls cgfåreols `g begfgs `gs-
oretis gf gh loti oifstetutevi, lûf  seoQ
oulf`i
y/i vlrelshl oltgciráls
clrlftál crlvg vlreis
cgfgrlhgs begfgs
`g begfgs.
His olsis `gsoretis `lrìf huclr l uf sihi
Lvesti `g lrlftál gf hl lsg `g @ltis
`gh _estgal fjiraltevi `g lrlftáls
Aibehelrels, plrl gjgotis `g prghloeÿf y
ipifebehe`l` jrgftg l tgrogris.
3.0 Hl clrlftál aibehelrel sg alftgf`rì
vecgftg sibrg gh begf gf clrlftál lufqug
åstg olabeg su flturlhgzl pir l`mgrgfoel
i loogsireg`l` `g augbhg l efaugbhg y
veogvgrsl gf hl ag`e`l qug fi mlyl pgr-
`e`i su ef`gpgf`gfoel.
3.7 Hls `espiseoeifgs `g gstl Hgy oif rgs- rgs -
pgoti l his `grgomis, ibhecloe
ibhecloeifgs
ifgs y
looeifgs `g hl plrtg sg lpheolrìf ef`g-
pgf`egftgagftg
pgf`egf tgagftg qugqug gh lorgg`ir
lorgg`ir i gh `gu-
`ir clrlftg tgfclf tátuhi `g `iaefei i hl
pisgseÿf `gh
`gh begf `l`i
`l`i gf clrlftál
clrlftál.

Hl `espiseoeÿf rgjgrgftg l hl gxtgfseÿf `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel `gh

^riygoti tegfg vlreis ibkgtevis;
- _g sglhl qug oulhquegr jiral `g `gsorepoeÿf `g oltgciráls cgfåreols
`g begfgs augbhgs gs vìhe`l, segaprg qug hl aesal pgraetl e`gfte-
e`gfte-
olr his begfgs crlvl`is pir hl clrlftál. Gstl ai`eoloeÿf tegfg oiai
ibkgtevi
lrlftál sihuoeiflr
Aibehelrel ufi `g hl
lotulh; hisefsorepoeÿf
prefoeplhgs`gpribhgals gf hl Hgy `grgs-
clrlftáls aibehelrels rgshl-
pgoti `g oltgciráls `g begfgs. Rgoir`gais qug gh Rgcestri gs rgloei l
efsoreber clrlftáls sibrg gstl ohlsg `g begfgs, gxecegf`i ufl «`gsorep-
oeÿf ohlrl.
- _g prgoesl qug hl clrlftál aibehelrel sibrg oltgciráls `g begfgs gs
sÿhi ufl, sef eapirtlr hl olfte`l` `g begfgs itircl`is `gftri `g hl
oltgcirál.
- _g sglhl qug hl clrlftál aibehelrel sg alftgf`rì vecgftg luf se gh
begf `l`i gf clrlftál olabel su flturlhgzl
flturlhgzl pir eftgcrlrsg l itri begf.

<<0
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

. 7. ^ubh
?
.7. ^ubheo
eoe`
e`l`
l` `g hl lr
l r lft
c lftál
ál aib
aibeh
ehel
elre
rel
l

Gh ^riygoti trlg ufl rgjiral `gh sestgal `g pubheoe`l` rgcestrlh, lh

phlftglr hl orgloeÿf `g uf _estgal fjiraltevi `g lrlftáls Aibehelrels.
_ibrg gstg agolfesai, hl Gxpiseoeÿf `g Aitevis sglhl hi secuegftg;
Gh _A i lsg `g @ltis gs gh fugvi agolfesai `g pubheoe`l`
`g hls A clrlftáls aibehelrels `if`g sg lromevlf y pubheolf, `g
alfgrl ghgotrÿfeol, plrl gjgotis `g su pubheoe`l` l tgrogris, his Lve
Lve--
sis `g hls A y `g his `gaìs lotis l qug sg rggrg gh ^riygoti `g
Hgy,, oif gh f `g gve`gfoelr su prghloeÿf, ipifebehe`l` y pubheoe`l`.
Hgy
Gh ^riygoti trlg l oihloeÿf uf fugvi oifogpti; gh LLvesi
vesi `g clrlftál.
Lsá, gh lrtáouhi 2 `gh oetl`i ^riygoti gstlbhgog;
Lrtáouhi 2.- «gjfeoeifgs  chislrei `g traefis
traefis gaphgl`is gf gstl
hgy
2.< ^lrl his gjgotis `g gstl Hgy sg `gfg pir;

0. Lvesi `g clrlftál i lvesi; loti pir gh qug sg efoirpirl lh _estgal
fjiraltevi `g lrlftáls Aibehelrels ufl fiteoloeÿf ghgotrÿfeol
pûbheol `g ufl clrlftál aibehelrel, `g uf oiftrlti, `g hls ai`eol
ai`eol--
oeifgs, háaetgs i olfoghloeifgs, plrl gjgotis `g su pubheoe`l` jrgftg
l tgrogris´.
Lsá, gh `gfiaefl`i Lvesi `g clrlftál gs hl pubheoetloeÿf `g ti`i
loti rghgvlftg ouyi ibkgti sgl ufl clrlftál aibehelrel, efohuygf`i su
oifstetuoeÿf.
Rgspgoti `g his lotis qug sg efoirpirlf l uf Lvesi `g clrlftál, tgfg-
ais qug sg pripifg oegrtl ai`eoloeÿf rgspgoti `gh gsqugal lotulh `g
lotis efsorebebhgs, tlh oiai sg pug`g ibsgrvlr sgcue`lagftg;
H C A vecgf t g ^ r iygot i ` g H C A
Lrtáouhi ?2.-
?2.- otis efsoreehgs Lrtáouhi ?0.
?0. otis ug sg efoirpirlf l uf
_if efsorebebhgs sibrg his begfgs augbhgs l  esi
esi `g lrlftl plrl su puheoe`l`
qug sg rggrg gh lrtáouhi 0 `g gstl Hgy his ?0.< i`l clrlftál aibehelrel `gbg efoirpi-
efoirpi-
secuegftgs lotis; rlrsg l uf Lvesi `g lrlftál gf gh _es-
_es -
<. Hl clrlftál aibehelrel l qug sg rggrg tgal fjiraltevi `g lrlftáls Aibe-
Aibe-
gstl Hgy y his lotis rghltevis l su goloel, helrels, l his gjgotis `g su pubheoe`l`,
ai`eoloeÿf i gvgftulh ogseÿf. ipifebehe`l` y prghloeÿf.

<<7
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

H C A vecgf t g ^ r iygot i ` g H C A
2. Hls rgsihuoeifgs
r gsihuoeifgs ku`eoelhgs, lrbetrlhgs ?0.2 @gbgf efoirpirlrsg, plrl his aesais
i l`aefestrltevls rgjgre`ls l hl clrlftál fgs, his lotis kurá`eois, oulhquegrl qug
aibehelrel rgcuhl`l pir gstl Hgy. sgl su jiral, `gfiaefloeÿf i flturl-
flturl-
?. His lotis kurá`eois qug l oiftefuloeÿf hgzl, `gstefl`is l ljgotlr begfgs i `grg-
`grg-
sg gfuagrlf, plrl his gjgotis `g su prg-
prg - omis rgjgre`is
Hgy plrl gf gh lrtáouhi
gh ouapheaegfti 7 `gi aìs
`g ufl gstl
hloeÿf, ipifebehe`l` y pubheoe`l`, oulh-
oulh-
ibhecloeifgs. _g efohuygf lquá gftrg
quegrl qug sgl su jiral, `gfiaefloeÿf itris, y `g alfgrl gfufoeltevl aìs
i flturlhgzl, `gstefl`is l ljgotlr beg-
beg- seoQ fi heaetltevl l;
fgs augbhgs i `grgomis `g ti`l flturl-
l. His lrrgf`laegftis `g begfgs sgül -
hgzl, prgsgftgs i juturis, `gtgraefl`is i
hl`is gf gh lrtáouhi 7 `g hl prgsgftg
`gtgraeflbhgs, sukgtis i fi l ai`lhe`l`, Hgy pir uf phlzi alyir l uf lüi 4
efohuygf`i; y his lrrgf`laegftis flfoegris `g
l. ogseÿf `g `grgomis `eomis begfgs ef`gpgf`egftgagftg `g
b. `geoiaesis
`geoiaesis su phlzi4
o. lrrgf`laegf
lrrgf`laegfti4
ti4 b. Hl ogseÿ
ogseÿff `g orå`e
orå`etis
tis i `g `grg
`grgomis
omis,,
efohuygf`i hl ogseÿf `g orå`etis
`. lrrgf`laegfti flfoegri clrlftezl`is oif clrlftál mepitgolrel.

g. oiftrltisolutghlrgs
j. ag`e`ls `g tghlrgs
olu oifsecfloeÿf Hl efoirpirloeÿf
blki lholfogs `g hi
his lholfogs
his uflgstlbhg
gstogseÿf sg `l
lbhgoe`i
oe`i gf
gf
gh lrtáouhi 27 `g hl prgsgftg Hgy
c. oiftrltis prgplrltire
prgplrltireis4
is4
o. Gh `geoiaesi
m. oiftrltis `g ipoeÿf g, `. His oiftrltis
oif trltis prgplrltirei
prgplrltireis,s, efohue-
efoh ue-
e. itris lotis kurá`eois gf his qug sg ljgo-
ljgo- `is his `g ipoeÿf y his oiapriaesis
tgf begfgs augbhgs. `g oiftrltlr4
Oulf`i his lotis efsorebebhgs l his qug sg g. Hl vgftl sukgtl l oif`eoeÿf i l phl- phl -
rggrg gstg lrtáouhi rgoleclf sibrg begfgs zis, oif rgtgfoeÿf, rgsgrvl i rgvgr-
augbhgs rgcestrl`is gf uf Rgcestri Kurá`eoi seÿf `gh tátuhi `g pripeg`l`, lûf seoQ
`g egfgs, gstis sg efsoreberìf gf hl oirrgs-
oirrgs- lqughhl sukgtl l hgy gxtrlfkgrl.
pif`egftgg plrte`l rgcestrlh. Gf olsi oiftrl-
pif`egft j. His prevehgceis i prgjgrgfoels gstl-gstl-
rei, sg efsoreberìf gf gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei bhgoe`ls (seo)
(seo) pir hgy4
`g Oiftrltis. c. Hl gftrgcl gf oifsecfloeÿf `g beg- beg -
His lotis efsorebebhgs rgjgre`is l begfgs m. fgs4
His y,mlbgrgs hlbirlhgs `gbe`is, `g
augbhgs juturis sgrìf efsoretis gf gh Rgces-
Rgces-
tri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis y pgralfgogrìf lougr`i l hl Hgy `g hl altgrel.
lhhá hugci `g qug `gkgf `g sgrhi, l gxogpoeÿf e. i`is his lotis rghltevis l hl goloel
`g his begfgs augbhgs oegrtis qug `gblf sgr y/i ai`eoloeÿf, lsá oiai hls rgsi-rgsi-
rgcestrl`is gf uf Rgcestri Kurá`eoi `g eg-
eg- huoeifgs ku`eoelhgs, lrbetrlhgs i l`ae-
fgs, ouyis lotis yl efsoretis sgrìf trlshl`l- festrltevls, y hls ag`e`ls olutghlrgs
`is lh rgcestri oirrgspif`egftg. rgolá`ls rgspgoti l his lotis fgogslreis.
?0.? His lotis susogptebhgs l sgr  seoQ efoir-
pirl`i
pir l`iss gf uf Lvesi
Lvesi `g lrlftál
lrlftál rgjgre
rgjgre-
`is l begfgs juturis sgrìf efoirpirl`is
gf gh _estgal fjiraltevi `g lrlftáls
Aibehelrels y pgralfgogrìf lhhá hugci `g
qug his begfgs hhgcugf l tgfgr gxestgfoel.

<<:
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

H C A vecgf t g ^ r iygot i ` g H C A
?0.0 Hl clrlftál aibehelrel `g l`queseoeÿf
`gbg pubheoetlrsg pir ag`ei `gh Lvesi
`g Clrlftál oirrgspif`egftg qug mlcl
rgjgrgfoel lh olrìotgr gspgoáoi y gspg-
gspg-
oelh
ufl `g hl clrlftál
clrlftál e`gfteoìf`ihl
`g l`queseoeÿf y qugoiai
`gs-
`gs-
orebl gf jiral cgfåreol i gspgoáol his
begfgss crlvl`is pir hl aesal. Gf olsi
begfg
qug his begfgs qug clrlftezlf hl ibhecl-
oeÿf plsgf l sgr plrtg `gh efvgftlrei `gh
`gu`ir clrlftg, gh Lorgg`ir Clrlfte-
zl`i pir hl clrlftál aibehelrel `g l`que-
seoeÿf, l`gaìs `g efsoreber hl clrlftál
aibehelrel, `gbgrì fiteolr pir gsoreti
l his lorgg`irgs clrlftezl`is oif efs-
orepoeifgs sibrg begfgs `gh aesai tepi.
^lrl gjgotis `g ipifebehe`l`, hl efsorep-
efsorep-
oeÿf y fiteoloeifgs `gbgrìf rglhezlrsg
lftgs
pisgse qug`gghhl`gu`ir
pisgseÿf
ÿf ál.clrlftg
clrlftál.
clrlft gftrg gff
Hl fiteoloeÿf
fiteoloeÿ
sgrì gjgotevl pir gh phlzi `g `is lis.

Oiai sg ibsgrvl, tlfti gf gh ^riygoti oiai gf hl lotulh Hgy `g hl

Clrlftál Aibehelrel, hl hestl `g his lotis efsorebebhgs gs gfufoeltevl4 sef
gablrci, sg tegfg qug gf gh ^riygoti sg lül `gf
`gf,, `g alf
alfgrl
grl gxp
gxprgs
rgsl,
l, fug-
fug-
vis supugstis;
- ^revehgceis i prgjgrgfoels gstlbhgoe`is pir hgy
hgy..
- Gftrgcl gf oifsecfloeÿf `g begfgs.
- lbgrgs hlbirlhgs eaplcis.
- gftls sukgtls l oif`eoe
oif`eoeÿf
ÿf i l phlzi.
Gh ^riygoti `gkl gf ohlri qug sus `espiseoeifgs rgspgoti l hl pubheoe-
`l` fi sg supgrpifgf i subir`eflf l hls firals qug rgcuhlf gh Rgcestri
Kurá`eoi `g egfgs. Lsá, gh lrtáouhi ?: `gh ^riygoti gstlbhgog qug;
Lrtáouhi ?:.-
?:.- «foirpirloef `gh esi
esi `g lrlftl

?:.? Hls `espiseoeifgs `g hl prgsgftg Hgy sg lpheolf sef pgrkueoei
`g hls firals qug rgcuhlf gh rgcestri kurá`eoi `g his begfgs. Oulf`i
sg rgquegrl qug gh tátuhi `gh begf augbhg sgl efsoreti gf uf rgcestri

<<3
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

kurá`eoi `g begfgs, `eomls `espiseoeifgs tgf`rìf prgvlhgfoel oif

rgspgoti l gstl Hgy gf hi rgjgrgftg l oulhquegr efoifcrugfoel gftrg
labls´.
_ef pgrkueoei `g hi sglhl`i, ibsgrvgais qug gh ^riygoti, gf su
_gcuf`l @espiseoeÿf Oiaphgagftlrel Ai`eoltirel, gheaefl gh Rgcestri
Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis lh qug mlog rgjgrgfoel hl Hgy F» 2:?::. Lsá;
H gy F» 2:?:: ^ r iygot i ` g H C A
Lrtáouhi 2.-
2.- Gh _estgal Floeiflh `g his _gcuf`l.- Ai`ejáolfsg his hetgrlhgs o) y `)
Rgcestris ^ûbheois vefouhl gf hi kurá`eoi `gh lrtáouhi 2 `g hl Hgy F» 2:?::, his oulhgs
rgcestrlh l his Rgcestris `g ti`is his _gotirgs qug`lf rg`lotl`is oifjirag l his secuegftgs
^ûbheois y gstì oifjiral`i pir his secuegf-
secuegf- tgxtis;
tgs Rgcestris; «Lrtáouhi 2.-
2.- ()
 o) Rgcestri `g ^ripeg`l` Efaugbhg, qug
o) Rgcestri `g ^ripeg`l` Efaugbhg, qug oiaprgf`g his secuegftgs rgcestris;
oiaprgf`g his secuegftgs rgcestris; - Rgcestri `g ^rg`eis4
- Rgcestri `g ^rg`eis4
^rg`eis4 - Rgcestri `g Flvgs y Gablroloeifgs
- Rgcestri `g Oifogseifgs plrl hl gxphi- ^gsqugrls4
tloeÿf `g _grveoeis ^ûbheois - Rgcestri `g Oifogseifgs plrl hl gxphi-
- Rgcestri `g @grgomis
@grgomis Aefgris
Aefgris tloeÿf `g _grveoeis ^ûbheois
`) Gh Rgcestri `g egfgs Augbhgs, qug ufe- ufe- - Rgcestris `g @grgomis Aefgris.
ol his secuegftg
secuegftgss rgcestris; gh Rgcestri `g `) Rgcestri `g egfgs Augbhgs, qug oia-
oia-
egfgs Augbhgs, gh Rgcestri `g ^ripeg`l` prgf`g his secuegftgs
secuegftgs Rgcestris;
Rgcestris;
gmeouhlr, gh Rgcestri `g Flvgs y Lgri-Lgri-
- Rgcestri `g egfgs Augbhgs
flvgs, gh Rgcestri `g Gablroloeif
Gablroloeifgs gs ^gs-
qugrls y uqugs, y gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei - Rgcestri `g ^ripeg`l` Zgmeouhlr4
Zgmeouhlr4
`g Oiftrltis . - Rgcestri `g Lgriflvgs´.

Jeflhagftg, olbg `goer qug gh ^riygoti gstlbhgog, l fugstri gftgf`gr

`g jiral pisetevl, qug gh loogsi lh _A (sgl `g jiral vertulh i `ergotl),
sgrì crltueti. Ghhi secfeol qug his oeu`l`lfis pi`rìf rglhezlr, sef oisti
lhcufi, hgoturls `g oulhquegr Lvesi
Lvesi `g Clrlftál Aibehelrel.

0. HL CLRLF
CLRLFPÁ
PÁLL AIBEH
AIBEHELREL
ELREL GF GH @GRGO
@GRGOMI
MI OI
OIA^L
A^LRL@I
RL@I

Rgsuhtl pgrtefgftg tgfgr gf ougftl hl gxpgregfoel oiaplrl`l gf hi qug

sg rggrg l hl curl `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel. Gf tlh sgfte`i, lflhezlrgais
`evgrsis sestgals, l slbgr;

<<=
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

0.<. h gsugal `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel gf hl Rgpûbheol Lrcgftefl(<>7)

Gf hl Lrcgftefl,
Lrcgftefl, hl hgceshloeÿf `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel sg recg pir uf
sestgal phurejloåteoi, gs `goer, gxestgf vlreis tepis `g clrlftáls, ol`l ufl
`g ghhls oif sus pripeis lholfogs, oiftgfe`is y rgchls. Gf tlh sgfte`i;
«Ogftrìf`ifis gf gh lfìheses `g hls clrlftáls rglhgs qug rgolgf sibrg
begfgs augbhgs,
augbhgs, lh eculh qug auomis
auomis itris
itris plásgs, Lrcgftefl prgsgftl
ufl setuloeÿf `g phurlhe`l` hgceshltevl qug logftûl gh råceagf `g plr-
oelhezloeÿf `g hls clrlftáls aibehelrels. _g ml sglhl`i oif rlzÿf qug
gf fugstri plás hls clrlftáls aibehelrels rgcestrlbhgs aìs oifioe`ls y
utehezl`ls sg gfougftrlf `gslotulhezl`ls gf gh tegapi y jrlcagftlrel-
jrlcagftlrel-
agftg rgcuhl`ls´(<>:).
Lsá, hls prefoeplhgs «prgf`ls´ `gh sestgal lrcgftefi sif hls secuegf-
tgs; prgf`l lcrlrel (rgce`l pir hl Hgy F» 5:00), prgf`l oif rgcestri (rgce`l
pir gh @gorgti Hgy F» <7?0=/0: y gh @gorgti Hgy F» =53/57), gh lrrlft
(rgce`i pir hls Hgygs F»s 52= y 5:0?), his `gbg ftur gs oif clrlftál rglh
(rgce`is pir hl Hgy F» <577>), gftrg itris.
Gf gsg ir`gf `g e`gls, y lh eculh qug gf gh sestgal pgrulfi mlstl lftgs
`g hl gftrl`l gf vecgfoel `g hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel, gh sestgal
lrcgftefi gs uf «oûauhi `g hgygs, `gorgtis y rgchlagftis `g `estefti ir`gf
y lftecg`l` (mly lhcufis qug tegfgf aìs `g iomgftl lis) fi ir`gfl`is
fufol plrl ipgrlr eftgrrghloeifl`lagftg, y fi pug`gf sgr miy ufl mgrrl-
aegftl ûteh fe ipgrltevl plrl gh `gslrrihhi oiagroelh fe plrl gh gaprgslrei
(juf`lagftlhagftg lh pgqugi y ag`elfi qug olrgogf `g hls lhtgrfltevls y
flfoelaegfti qug pug`gf ibtgfgr hls crlf`gs gaprgsls)(<>3).

(<>7) ^lrl gh `gslrrihhi `g gstg lplrtl`i, mgais tgfe`i gf oifse`grloeÿf gh `iouagfti `gfiaefl`i
Rgpirtg sibrg gh _estgal `g lrlftáls lrcgftefi, ghlbirl`i pir gh prijgsir _gblsteìf ^eolssi, gf
olhe`l` `g `iouagfti prgplrltirei `gh Oifcrgsi sibrg Hl gvihuoeÿf `g hls clrlftáls augbhgs gf gh
@grgomi jrlfoås y hltefilagreolfi, irclfezl`i pir hl Lsioeloeÿf Lf`rås ghhi `g Kurestls rlfoi-
Hltefilagreolfis, hl Wfevgrse`l` @egci ^irtlhgs `g Omehg y hl Wfevgrsetå ^lftmgif-Lssls, qug tuvi
huclr gf hl oeu`l` `g _lftelci `g Omehg gh ? y 0 `g sgptegabrg `g 2><0.
(<>:) Ojr. LHH, ^luhl. «Oifse`grloeifgs sibrg hls clrlftáls aibehelrels `gs`g hl pgrspgotevl `gh sestgal
lrcgftefi´. Gf @grg
@grgomi
omi `gh Oiagro
Oiagroei Eftgrfloeiflh. hirelfìpihes; ietglux, F» 3/=, 2>>3, p. 27?.
ei Eftgrfloeiflh.
(<>3) Ojr. AWHH, Ribgrti. ^ribhgals y sihuoeifgs gf hl oifstetuoeÿf `g clrlftáls rglhgs aibehelrels
oif plrteouhlr rgjgrgfoel l hl setuloeÿf lrcgftefl. Gf  ssugs reg lsmefctif @.O.; OGLH,
F» ?, lbreh `g 2>><, p. <.

<<5
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Lmirl begf, rgspgoti l hl prgf`l gf gsg plás, pug`g sglhlrsg sef

eapirtlr gh tepi gspgoáoi `g hl aesal qug gstl gs rglh (yl qug gstlais,
gjgotevlagftg, jrgftg l uf `grgomi rglh), gs `g clrlftál (pir oulfti su ibkg-
ibkg -
tevi gs lsgcurlr gh ouapheaegfti `g uf orå`eti, y gs `g áf`ihg loogsirei
(hl gxtefoeÿf `g hl ibhecloeÿf prefoeplh l hl oulh sg gfougftrl gfhlzl`l hl
clrlftál, oifhhgvl l hl gxtefoeÿf `g gstl).
Gh ibkgti `g hl prgf`l pug`g sgr oulhquegr oisl augbhg gxestgftg,
efohuygf`i orå`etis (segaprg qug gstis sg gfougftrgf phlsal`is gf uf
`iouagfti, gs `goer, gståf pir gsoreti)(<>=). ^ir `gfeoeÿf, hl clrlftál sibrg
begfgs juturis fi gstlrál oiftgaphl`l gf gh ir`gflaegfti kurá`eoi lrcgf-lrcgf-
tefi, pgri gstl pi`rál rglhezlrsg pir ag`ei `g hl gaeseÿf `g `gbg ftur gs u
ibhecloeifgs fgcioelbhgs oif ufl clrlftál itlftg.
^ir itri hl`i, y gf rghloeÿf lh tgal `g su oifstetuoeÿf, `gbgais sgl-
sgl -
hlr qug hl clrlftál aibehelrel gf Lrcgftefl surtg gjgotis gftrg hls plrtgs
`gs`g hl oghgbrloeÿf `gh loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi. Hl ipifebehe`l` l tgrog-
tgrog-
ris, pir itri hl`i, sÿhi sg cgfgrl oif hl gftrgcl `gh begf i hl efsorepoeÿf gf
gh rgcestri oirrgspif`egftg(<>5).
Olbg sglhlr qug hls clrlftáls tegfgf ufl ûfeol jugftg; hl vihuftl`.
Gf hl Lrcgftefl hl prgf`l pug`g `lrsg oif `gsphlzlaegfti jìoteoi
i oif `gsphlzlaegfti kurá`eoi (efsorepoeÿf gf uf rgcestri). _ibrg gh pre-pre-
agr tepi pi`gais sgül hlr qug gstl
gstl gs hl prgf`l
prgf`l «oeveh´
«oeveh´ gstìf`lr
gstìf`lr,, gs `goer,
`goer,
hl rgcuhl`l pir gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh lrcgftefi, y tegfg oiai olrlotgrásteols hl
`g sgr oifvgfoeiflh, loogsirel g ef`evesebhg. ^ir itri hl`i, rgspgoti l hl
prgf`l oif `gsphlzlaegfti kurá`eoi, sg tegfg qug gstl gs ufl oltgcirál
cgfåreol qug lblrol `evgrsis tepis `g prgf`l.
@g itri hl`i, sef eapirtlr gh tepi `g prgf`l, gh alroi hgclh lrcgftefi
fi oifoebg hl pisebehe`l` `g oifstetuer clrlftáls «cgfgrlhgs´. Hls clrlftáls
sg oifcurlf sibrg ufl ibhecloeÿf `gtgraefl`l y secugf hl aesal sugrtg
qug hl rgjgre`l.

(<>=) `eci eeh lrcgftefi;

Lrtáouhi ?2<2.- Fi pug`g `lrsg gf prgf`l gh orå`eti qug fi oifstg `g uf tátuhi pir gsoreti.
(<>5) Lsá, pir gkgaphi, vålsg gh @gorgti Hgy F» <7?0=/0:;
Lrtáouhi 0.- Gh oiftrlti pri`uog gjgotis gftrg
gf trg hls plrtgs `gs`g su oghgbrloeÿf y oif
oi f rgspgoti l tgrog-
tgrog -
ris, `gs`g su efsorepoeÿf gf hl jiral gstlbhgoe`l gf gstg @gorgti-Hgy.

<2>
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

_ibrg his gjgotis `g hl clrlftál, pug`g sglhlrsg qug hl aesal itircl

lh lorgg`ir `is `grgomis eapirtlftgs; gh eus pr gjgjgrrgf`e y gh eu
gf` s p
g rsg-
g f`e. Gf itrls plhlbrls, hl clrlftál tegfg oiai gjgoti hl prgjgrgfoel `gh
u
q
lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i rgspgoti l itris lorgg`irgs (fi clrlftezl`is) y hl
jlouhtl` `g pgrsgcuer gh begf.
^ir itrl plrtg, y rgspgoti l hl gkgouoeÿf, pir rgchl cgfgrlh, gh ploti
oiaesirei y hl gkgouoeÿf gxtrlku`eoelh sg gfougftrlf primebe`is gf hl hgces-
hgces-
hloeÿf lrcgftefl. _ef gablrci, gxestgf `is gxogpoeifgs oifstetue`ls pre-pre -
agri pir gh mgomi `g qug hl prgf`l oiagroelh pgraetg lh lorgg`ir rglhezlr
hl vgftl gxtrlku`eoelh `gh begf itircl`i gf clrlftál (lrcuagfti `gh lrtáouhi
7=7 `gh Oÿ`eci `g Oiagroei lrcgftefi), y, sgcuf`i, qug gf his olsis `g
prgf`l oif efsorepoeÿf gf rgcestri sg pgraetg l `gtgraefl`is lorgg`irgs
efstetuoeiflhgs (gh Gstl`i lrcgftefi y `gtgraefl`ls efstetuoeifgs blfol-
rels y flfoegrls), rglhezlr ufl vgftl gxtrlku`eoelh (lrcuagfti `gh lrtáouhi
?5 `gh @gorgti Hgy F» <7?0=/0:) blstlf`i, plrl ghhi, oif qug prgsgftgf gh
ogrteol`i
sef rglhezlrprgf`lrei
gvlhuloeÿfoirrgspif`egftg
sibrg gh jif`i,llhlir`gflr
ku`eolturl plrl qug gstl
gh sgougstri priog`l,
`g his begfgs
y su gftrgcl lh lorgg`ir.
eflhagftg, gf oulfti l hl prghloeÿf, pi`gais sglhlr qug gh lorgg`ir
clrlftezl`i sgrì prgjgre`i pir sibrg lqughhis lorgg`irgs qug fi ougftgf
oif ufl clrlftál sibrg gh begf.
_ef gablrci, gf uf supugsti `g oifourrgfoel `g lorgg`irgs clrlfte-
clrlfte -
zl`is gf eculh oif`eoeÿf (pir gkgaphi, oulf`i labis tgfclf ufl clrlftál
rgcestrl`l), labis plrteoeplrìf gf eculh plrtg, fi eapirtlf`i, plrl gstis
gjgotis, gh lspgoti orifihÿceoi `g his orå`etis.
Hl rgcuhloeÿf lotulh `g hl prgf`l gf hl Rgpûbheol Lrcgftefl rgquegrg
fuagrisls ai`eoloeifgs, pir oulfti l`ihgog `g vlreis `gjgotis(<<>).
@goeais gsti, `gbe`i l qug gh sestgal lrcgftefi gs jrlcagftl`i, oif ufl
ku`eolturl qug mlog hgftl hl gkgouoeÿf `g clrlftáls, `if`g gf lspgotis tlf
eapirtlftgs oiai hl prghloeÿf `g lorgg`irgs y hl efsorepoeÿf `g clrlftáls
gf his rgcestris sif eaprg`goebhgs, gftrg itrls `goegfoels.

(<<>) ^lrl alyir efjiraloeÿf, sg pug`g rgourrer l HG_, gyii` . Oisti goifÿaeoi `g his
`gjgotis gf gh alroi hgclh lrcgftefi plrl his orå`etis oif clrlftál gf begfgs augbhgs. Gf .
lsmefctif
lsmefc tif @.O.; OGLH, fivegabrg `g <555.

<2<
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

0.2. h sestgal psgu`iufeol`i `g ehg (<<<)

Gh trltlaegfti `g hl prgf`l gf Omehg sg pug`g gsqugaltezlr `g hl

secuegftg alfgrl;

- Wfl prgf`l oeveh, rgcuhl`l gf gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh omehgfi.

- Hl prgf`l rgcuhl`l pir Hgy Hgy F» 2>.<5>, Hgy `g prgf`l sef
`gsphlzlaegfti.
- trls prgf`ls gspgoáols.
_ibrg hl prgf`l oeveh, `gbg sglhlrsg qug gstl sg gfougftrl gf `gs-
`gs-
usi. Ghhi sg `gbg l qug hl Hgy F» 2>.<5> tgfál oiai f ogftrlhezlr gh trl-
trl -
tlaegfti `g hl prgf`l.
Fi ibstlftg, gh sestgal omehgfi gs, lh eculh qug gh lrcgftefi, phurejl-
phurejl-
oåteoi, olrlotgrezl`i pir fuagrisis y `esteftis rgcáagfgs prgf`ltlreis(<<2),
ol`l ufi `g ghhis oif sus pripels rgchls, lholfogs y priog`eaegftis.
^i`gais sglhlr, fi ibstlftg, qug gf oulfti l hl pisgseÿf i `gspisg
`gspisg--
seÿf, gh alroi `g prgf`ls gf Omehg pug`g ir`gflrsg `g hl secuegftg jiral;
- Hl prgf`l `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, gf hl qug sg rgquegrg hl gftrgcl `g hl oisl
plrl gh pgrjgooeiflaegfti `gh oiftrlti.
oiftrlti.
- Hl prgf`l rgcuhl`l pir Hgy F» 2>.<5>, gf hl qug gh `gsphlzlaegfti fi
gs uf rgqueseti `g vlhe`gz u ipifebehe`l`.
L oiftefuloeÿf, vlais l rgjgrerfis l hl prgf`l rgcuhl`l pir hl Hgy
F» 2>.<5>, qug gs hl firal qug rgcuhl hl prgf`l sef `gsphlzlaegfti. Lsá,
gstg tepi `g prgf`l pisgg hls secuegftgs olrlotgrásteols;

(<<<) ^lrl gh `gslrrihhi `g gstg lplrtl`i, mgais tgfe`i gf oifse`grloeÿf gh trlblki prgsgftl`i pir Olrhis
^ezlrri, gf olhe`l` `g `iouagfti prgplrltirei `gh Oifcrgsi sibrg Hl gvihuoeÿf `g hls clrlftáls
augbhgs gf gh @grgomi jrlfoås y hltefilagreolfi, irclfezl`i pir hl Lsioeloeÿf Lf`rås ghhi `g
Kurestls rlfoi-Hltefilagreolfis, hl Wfevgrse`l` @egci ^irtlhgs `g Omehg y hl Wfevgrsetå ^lftmgif-
Lssls, qug tuvi huclr gf hl oeu`l` `g _lftelci `g Omehg gh ? y 0 `g sgptegabrg `g 2><0.
(<<2) _gcûf Olrhis ^ezlrri, `g alfgrl gfufoeltevl sg pug`gf sglhlr l his secuegftgs rgcáagfgs; prgf`l
oif `gsphlzlaegfti (rgcuhl`l gf his lrtáouhis =<? y secuegftgs `gh Oÿ`eci `g Oiagroei omehgfi)
prgf`l `g flvgs (rgcuhl`l gf gh lrtáouhi ==< `gh rgjgre`i Oÿ`eci) prgf`l `g agrol`gráls gf lhalog-
lhalog-
fgs (rgcuhl`l pir hl Hgy F» <=.:5> `g <5==) prgf`l gspgoelh plrl hls ibhecloeifgs oiftrlá`ls oif hl
Olkl `g Orå`eti ^ipuhlr (rgcuhl`l pir hl Hgy F» ?>:3 `g <52>) gto.

<22
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

- Gs `g flturlhgzl oiftrlotulh.
- ^ug`g `lrsg l jlvir `gh pripei oifstetuygftg i l jlvir `g tgrogris.
- Gs `g flturlhgzl loogsirel.
- Gs uf `grgomi rglh.
- Gs uf oiftrlti sukgti l oegrtl jiralhe`l`.
Lmirl begf, gf oulfti lh lspgoti jiralh, olbg sglhlr qug gstg tepi
`g prgf`l fgogsetl oifstlr gf gsoreturl pûbheol i gf `iouagfti oif r -
als hgclhezl`ls pir fitlrei (`iouagfti qug `gbgrì sgr pritioihezl`i gf gh
rgcestri `gh fitlrei). Gsti tegfg su juf`lagfti gf gh efoesi sgcuf`i `gh lr-
táouhi <0 `g hl Hgy F» 2>.<5>.
@g itri hl`i, gh oiftrlti `g clrlftál `gbg oiftgfgr, sgcûf hl Hgy
F» 2>.<5>, his secuegftgs ghgagftis;
- f`eve`ulhezloeÿf `gh itirclftg.
- Oifsecfloeÿf `g hl ibhecloeÿf u ibhecloeifgs lsgcurl`ls (i sglhlr
qug sg trltl `g ufl clrlftál cgfgrlh).
- f`eve`ulhezloeÿf i olrlotgrezloeÿf `g his begfgs qug sg itirclf gf
clrlftál.
- Aifti (`gtgraefl`i i `gtgraeflbhg) lsgcurl`i.
Wf lspgoti l`eoeiflh rl`eol gf hl ipifebehe`l`, hl oulh sg cgfgrl sÿhi
oif hl efsorepoeÿf `g hl prgf`l gf gh Rgcestri `g ^rgf`ls sef @gsphlzl-
@gsphlzl-
aegfti. Olbg sgül hlr qug
qug gh rgcestri
rgcestri fi
fi gs uf rgques
rgqueseti
eti `g vlhe`g
vlhe`gz,
z, sefi `g
ipifebehe`l`.
Gf oulfti l hls clrlftáls sef `gsphlzlaegfti, gs pisebhg plotlr ufl
clrlftál cgfgrlh, gs `goer qug gh begf itircl`i gf clrlftál fi oubrl sÿhi
hl `gu`l pir hl qug jug oifstetue`l, sefi tlabeåf juturls `gu`ls qug lsual
gh oifstetuygftg `g hl clrlftál plrl oif gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i (lrcuagfti
`gh efoesi sgcuf`i `gh lrtáouhi <0 `g hl Hgy F» 2>.<5>).
^ir itri hl`i, gf oulfti l his gjgotis `g hl clrlftál, gstl itircl his
secuegftgs `grgomis lh lorgg`ir;
- @grgomi l hl pgrsgoutireg`l` sibrg gh begf.

<2?
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

- @grgomi l efspgooeiflr gh begf.

- @grgomi l gkgoutlr hl prgf`l, vgf`gr gh begf itircl`i gf clrlftál y
sltesjlogr su lorggfoel oif gh vlhir `g hl vgftl `g `eomi begf.
@g itrl plrtg, gf tirfi l hl gkgouoeÿf `g hls clrlftáls, gh ploti oiaesi-
oiaesi-
rei sg gfougftrl primebe`i, pugs `eoml gkgouoeÿf, sgcûf hl Hgy F» 2>.<5>,
sg trlaetl `g lougr`i l hls rgchls `g uf kueoei gkgoutevi.
eflhagftg, rgspgoti l hl prghloeÿf `g lorgg`irgs, pug`g sglhlrsg qug
eapgrl gh oretgrei orifihÿceoi. Lsá, gh lorgg`ir ouyl prgf`l tgfcl alyir
lftecg`l` gf gh Rgcestri `g ^rgf`ls sef @gsphlzlaegfti, tgf`rì prgjgrgf-
prgjgrgf-
oel pir sibrg his `gaìs. Gf gsg ir`gf `g e`gls, rgsuhtlrì gve`gftg qug gh
lorgg`ir ouyl prgf`l oifstg gf gh rgcestri tgf`rì prgjgrgfoel sibrg lqugh
qug fi mlyl rgcestrl`i hl prgf`l qug hg jug itircl`l.

0.?
. H l gxpg regf
regfoel oihiabelf l(<<?)
oel oihiabelfl

Gf Oihiabel, hl setuloeÿf lotulh `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel `egrg

sibrgalfgrl `g su gsqugal lftgreir. Gh råceagf gf vecgfoel sg recg pir hl
Hgy F» <:3: `gh li 2><?, Hgy pir hl oulh sg priaugvg gh loogsi lh orå-
orå -
`eti y sg `eotlf firals sibrg clrlftáls aibehelrels´.
Gh råceagf lftgreir l hl oetl`l hgy sg olrlotgrezÿ pir sgr jrlcagftl`i
gf oulfti l hl rgcuhloeÿf `g hls clrlftáls (gxestálf hls prgf`ls oevehgs, agr-
olftehgs, mepitgols sibrg flvgs, gtoåtgrl). Lseaesai, oifslcrlbl oiftrltis
rglhgs plrl clrlftáls oiai hl prgf`l y hl lfteorgses.
labeåf olbg sglhlr qug, lftgs `g hl gftrl`l gf vecgfoel `g hl Hgy

F» hls
`g <:3:, fi grl yfgogslrel
clrlftáls, fi gxestálhluf
oghgbrloeÿf pir gsoretifloeiflh
rgcestri ogftrlhezl`i plrl hl oifstetuoeÿf
ag`elftg gh
oulh sg busolrì `lr ipifebehe`l` l hls clrlftáls oifstetue`ls, rlzÿf pir hl
oulh grl fgogslrel hl gftrgcl `gh begf.

(<<?) ^lrl gh `gslrrihhi `g gstg lplrtl`i, mgais tgfe`i gf oifse`grloeÿf gh `iouagfti `gfiaefl`i  Ghg-
agfts l p r gf`r
gf`rgg gf oifse`
oifse`grlt
grlteif
eif iu
i
pu
r hl p
r gp
lr ltei
lr lteif
f `gs agaier
agaiergsgs flteiflu
flteifluxx sur hgs lr
l r lf
c lfte
tegs
gs
aib
e he
heggrgs, gh oulh jug ghlbirl`i pir gh `iotir lbreoei Alftehhl Gspefisl, gf olhe`l` `g `iouagfti
prgplrltirei `gh Oifcrgsi sibrg Hl gvihuoeÿf `g hls clrlftáls augbhgs gf gh @grgomi jrlfoås y hlte-
hlte-
filagreolfi, irclfezl`i pir hl Lsioeloeÿf Lf`rås ghhi `g Kurestls rlfoi-Hltefilagreolfis, hl
Wfevgrse`l` @egci ^irtlhgs `g Omehg y hl Wfevgrsetå ^lftmgif-Lssls, qug tuvi huclr gf hl oeu`l` `g
_lftelci `g Omehg gh ? y 0 `g sgptegabrg `g 2><0.

<20
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Hl gftrl`l gf vecgfoel `g hl Hgy F» <:3: secfeoÿ hl ai`eoloeÿf

`gh gsqugal hgclh `g hls clrlftáls, `gbe`i l qug ghhl `gricÿ vlreis tepis
gspgoelhgs `g prgf`l y priog`eÿ l ufeolrhis blki uf sihi råceagf ogftrl-
ogftrl-
hezl`i. Lsá hi gstlbhgoeÿ gh lrtáouhi ? `g hl rgjgre`l Hgy, gh oulh sglhl
(<<0)

qug, sef eapirtlr hl fiagfohlturl gaphgl`l, oulf`i sg gstå jrgftg l ufl

ipgrloeÿf qug tgfcl pir ibkgti clrlftezlr ufl ibhecloeÿf oif begfgs aug-
aug-
bhgs, gstlrgais jrgftg l ufl clrlftál
clrlftál aibehelrel.
@g itri hl`i, hl oetl`l hgy rgaetg hl rgjgrgfoel `g hl gxprgseÿf prgf`l
gf ti`is sus tepis´, l hls `espiseoeifgs `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel, oif hl
gxestgfoel `g lhcufls gxogpoeifgs oifstetue`ls pir rgcáagfgs gspgoelhgs
`g clrlftál(<<7).
Lsá, gf rghloeÿf l hls gxogpoeifgs, olbg lfitlr qug hls `espiseoeifgs
gspgoelhgs plrl hls aesals sif `g ibhecltirei ouapheaegfti, gs `goer, hls

(<<0) Lrtáouhi ?.-

?.- «ifogpti `g clrlftl aiehelrel  aeti `g lpheoloef
Hls clrlftáls aibehelrels l qug sg rggrg gstl hgy sg oifstetuerìf l trlvås `g oiftrltis qug tegfgf gh
olrìotgr `g prefoeplhgs i pir `espiseoeÿf `g hl hgy sibrg ufi i vlreis begfgs gf clrlftál gspgoáois,
sibrg lotevis oerouhlftgs, i sibrg hl titlhe`l` `g his begfgs gf clrlftál `gh clrlftg, yl sglf gstis prg-
sgftgs i juturis, oirpirlhgs i efoirpirlhgs, i sibrg his begfgs `grevl`is i ltrebuebhgs `g his begfgs
gf clrlftál susogptebhgs `g vlhirloeÿf pgoufelrel lh aiagfti `g hl oifstetuoeÿf i pistgreiragftg,
pistgreiragftg ,
oif gh f `g clrlftezlr ufl i vlrels ibhecloeifgs pripels i lkgfls, sglf `g `lr, mlogr i fi mlogr, prg-
prg-
sgftgs i juturls sef eapirtlr hl jiral `g hl ipgrloeÿf i quegf sgl gh tetuhlr `g his begfgs gf clrlftál.
f`gpgf`egftgagftg `g su jiral i fiagfohlturl, gh oifogpti `g clrlftál aibehelrel sg rggrg l
ti`l ipgrloeÿf qug tgfcl oiai gjgoti clrlftezlr ufl ibhecloeÿf oif his begfgs augbhgs `gh clrlftg
g efohuyg, gftrg itris, lqughhis oiftrltis, plotis i ohìusuhls utehezl`is plrl clrlftezlr ibhecloeifgs
rgspgoti `g begfgs augbhgs, gftrg itris hl vgftl oif rgsgrvl `g `iaefei, hl prgf`l `g gstlbhgoeaegfti
`g oiagroei, hls clrlftáls y trlfsjgrgfoels sibrg ougftls pir oibrlr, efohuygf`i oiaprls, ogseifgs
gf clrlftál, hl oifsecfloeÿf oif fgs `g clrlftál y oulhquegr itrl jiral oiftgaphl`l gf hl hgceshl-
hgceshl -
oeÿf oif lftgreire`l` l hl prgsgftg hgy.
Oulf`i gf itrls `espiseoeifgs hgclhgs sg mlcl rgjgrgfoel l hls firals sibrg prgf`l , prgf`l oeveh i
oiagroelh, oif tgfgfoel i sef tgfgfoel, prgf`l `g gstlbhgoeaegfti `g oiagroei, prgf`l `g looeifgs,
lfteorgses, bifis `g prgf`l, prgf`l lcrlrel, prgf`l aefgrl, prgf`l `gh `grgomi l gxphirlr y gxphi-
tlr, vihuagf lprivgomlbhg i vughi jirgstlh, prgf`l `g uf orå`eti, prgf`l `g alrols, pltgftgs u itris
`grgomis `g lfìhicl flturlhgzl,
flturlhgzl , `grgomi `g rgtgfoeÿf, y l itrls seaehlrgs, `eomls curls sg oifse`grl-
rìf clrlftáls aibehelrels y sg lpheolrì hi prgvesti pir hl prgsgftg hgy  (gh subrlyl`i gs fugstri).
(<<7) Lrtáouhi 0.-
0.- «eaetloeifgs lh lpheoloef.
lh aeti `g lpheoloef
Hls clrlftáls `g hls qug trltl gstl hgy pi`rìf oifstetuersg sibrg oulhquegr begf augbhg, slhvi lqughhis
lq ughhis
ouyl vgftl, pgrautl, lrrgf`laegfti i pecfirloeÿf i utehezloeÿf oiai clrlftál aibehelrel gstå prime- prime-
be`l pir hgy eapgrltevl i `g ir`gf pûbheoi.
_g gxogptulrìf `g hi `espugsti gf gstl hgy hls clrlftáls aibehelrels itircl`ls sibrg;
<. egfgs augbhgs tlhgs oiai hls lgriflvgs, aitirgs `g lgriflvgs, mgheoÿptgris, gquepi jgrrivel-jgrrivel -
rei, his ghgagftis gsploelhgs y itrls oltgciráls `g gquepi aÿveh rgcuhl`ls pir hl Hgy 5:3 `g 2>>7.
2. lhirgs eftgrag`el`is g efstruagftis flfoegris rgcuhl`is gf hl Hgy 5:0 `g 2>>7 y hls firals
qug hl ai`equgf i l`eoeifgf.
?. lrlftáls sibrg tátuhis vlhirgs, qug sgcuerìf hls rgchls `gh Oÿ`eci `g Oiagroei, y
0. @gpÿseti `g `efgri gf clrlftál, oulf`i gh `gpisetlrei gs gh lorgg`ir.

<27
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

plrtgs fi pi`rìf oifstetuer

oifstetuer clrlftál aibehelrel sibrg his begfgs l qug mlog
agfoeÿf gh oetl`i lrtáouhi 0 `g hl Hgy F» <:3:.
Lmirl begf, gf oulfti l hl oifstetuoeÿf `g ufl clrlftál aibehelrel, gh
yl oetl`i lrtáouhi ? `g hl Hgy F» <:3:, sglhl qug hls clrlftáls aibehel-
aibehel-
rels sg oifstetuygf ag`elftg oiftrltis, hi oulh gs rgetgrl`i gf gh lrtáouhi 5
`g hl aesal Hgy.
Olbg sglhlr qug gsg oiftrlti `gbg oifstlr pir gsoreti (hi qug `egrg
`g hl rgcuhloeÿf lftgreir, gf `if`g fi sg gstlbhgoál `eoml ibhecloeÿf),
sgcûf hi ef`eol gh lrtáouhi <0;
Lrtáouhi <0. «Oiftgfe`i `gh oiftrlti `g cl rl
rlft
ftál
ál aib
e helrel
Gh oiftrlti `g clrlftál `gbg itirclrsg pir gsoreti y `gbg oiftgfgr
oulf`i agfis;
<. Fiabrgs, e`gfteoloeÿf y rals `g his oiftrltlftgs.
2. Gh aifti aìxeai oubegrti pir hl clrlftál aibehelrel.
?. Hl `gsorepoeÿf cgfåreol i gspgoáol `g his begfgs `l`is gf
clrlftál.
0. Wfl `gsorepoeÿf `g hls ibhecloeifgs clrlftezl`ls, sglf prgsgf-
prgsgf-
tgs i juturls i `g his oifogptis, ohlsgs, oulftáls i rgchls plrl su
`gtgraefloeÿf.
^lrìcrlji. Hl susorepoeÿf `gh oiftrlti y sus ai`eoloeifgs, i `g
lhcûf `iouagfti ral`i pir gh clrlftg gf gstg sgfte`i, sgrìf su- su -
oegftgs plrl lutirezlr hl efsorepoeÿf `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel gf gh
rgcestri y sus ai`eoloeifgs pistgreirgs, sef pgrkueoei `g hi gstlbhg-
gstlbhg-
oe`i gf gh lrtáouhi rgjgre`i l hl prghloeÿf gftrg clrlftáls oifstetue`ls
sibrg gh aesai begf gf clrlftál´.

@g itrl
l`gaìs plrtg, plrl
`gh oiftrlti, qug hl clrlftál
hl trl`eoeÿf jáseol iaibehelrel sglotl
hl trl`eoeÿf ipifebhg rgquegrg,
(plrl his olsis
gf qug gxestl uf rgcestri)(<<:).

(<<:) Lrtáouhi 2<.- « golfesais plrl

plrl hl ipifeehe`l` clrlftl aiehelrel.
ipifeehe`l` `g hl clrlftl
Wfl clrlftál aibehelrel sgrì ipifebhg jrgftg l tgrogris pir hl efsorepoeÿf gf gh rgcestri i pir hl
gftrgcl `g hl tgfgfoel i pir gh oiftrih
oi ftrih `g his begfgs gf clrlftál lh lorgg`ir
lorgg `ir clrlftezl`i i l uf tgrogri
`gsecfl`i pir åstg `g lougr`i oif hi `espugsti gf gh prgsgftg tátuhi, rlzÿf pir hl oulh fi sg l`aeterì
ipiseoeÿf fe `grgomi `g rgtgfoeÿf jrgftg l hl gkgouoeÿf `g hl clrlftál, l hl gftrgcl, l hl sublstl i l
oulhquegr loti `g gkgouoeÿf `g hl aesal gf his tåraefis gstlbhgoe`is gf gstl hgy.
^lrìcrlji. L plrter `g hl vecgfoel `g hl prgsgftg hgy, his gjgotis `g hls clrlftáls aibehelrels jrgftg l
tgrogris sg pri`uoerìf oif hl efsorepoeÿf gf gh rgcestri, sef qug sg rgquegrl `g efsorepoeÿf l`eoeiflh
gf gh Rgcestri Agrolfteh´.

<2:
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Hi sglhl`i secfeol qug gh `gsphlzlaegfti i gh rgcestri `g fefcufl

jiral oifstetuygf uf ghgagfti `g vlhe`gz plrl hl clrlftál, sefi aìs begf
sg rggrgf, ûfeolagftg, l hl ipifebehe`l` `g hl aesal.
Olbg ef`eolr qug hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l `gbg sgr `gtgraefl`l,
rlzÿf pir hl oulh, gxteftl hl ibhecloeÿf `gslplrgog hl clrlftál. Gf gsg
ir`gf `g e`gls, fi olbg hl pisebehe`l` `g oifstetuer clrlftáls qug, plr-
tegf`i `gh lsgcurlaegfti `g ufl ibhecloeÿf, pug`lf gxtgf`grsg l itrls
ibhecloeifgs.
^ir itri hl`i, gf oulfti l his gjgotis `g hl clrlftál, vlhg sglhlr qug
hl aesal oifgrg lh lorgg`ir hls secuegftgs prgrricltevls; prghloeÿf, pgr -
sgouoeÿf y rgtgfoeÿf.
Lmirl begf, gf oulfti l hl gkgouoeÿf `g hl clrlftál, hl Hgy F» <:3:
rgaugvg hl primebeoeÿf `gh ploti oiaesirei oifslcrl`l gf gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh
`g Oihiabel, y gstlbhgog itris agolfesais `g gkgouoeÿf; gh plci `ergoti
(ploti oiaesirei) y hl gkgouoeÿf gspgoelh (lrtáouhis :> y :< `g hl Hgy
F» <:3:, rgspgotevlagftg). i`i ghhi, ohlri gstì, sef pgrkueoei `g hl pisebe
pisebe--
he`l` `g rgourrer l hl gkgouoeÿf ku`eoelh gstìf`lr.
gstìf`lr.
^lrl flhezlr, `gbg sglhlrsg qug hl rgcuhloeÿf sibrg gh ir`gf `g prg-
prg -
hloeÿf `g lorgg`irgs sg gfougftrl gf gh lrtáouhi 0= `g hl Hgy F» <:3:. Lsá,
Lsá,
sg pug`g `goer hi secuegftg;
- Hls clrlftáls rgcestrl`ls tegfgf prgjgrgfoel sibrg hls clrlftáls ouyl
ipifebehe`l` rl`eol gf hl tgfgfoel (`gsphlzlaegfti) `gh begf.
- Hls clrlftáls rgcestrl`ls y hls clrlftáls oif `gsphlzlaegfti tegfgf
prgjgrgfoel sibrg lqughhls qug fi mlf se`i rgcestrl`ls.
Gf sáftgses, pi`gais sglhlr qug tgÿreolagftg fis gfoiftrlais
jrgftg l uf alroi hgclh `g clrlftáls aibehelrels oihiabelfi fivg`isi y
pisetevi
pisete vi y qug `gbgrál mlbgr jloehetl`i
jloeh etl`i (`gbe`i
(`gbe `i l sus aûhtephgs bif`l`gs)
bif` l`gs)
gh loogsi lh orå`eti. _ef pgrkueoei `g ghhi, mlbrì qug ibsgrvlr oÿai sg
`gsgfvughvg `eoml firal gf hl rglhe`l`, y gs qug, lh gstlr vecgftg rgoeåf
`gs`g gh li 2><?, fi pi`rál gaetersg ufl ipefeÿf oiftuf`gftg rgspgoti
l su goloel.

<23
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

0.0. Jrlf
Jrlfoel
oel y hl lotulhezloeÿf
lotulhezloeÿf `g uf sestg
sestgal s eoi(<<3)
al ohì

Gf Jrlfoel, hls `espiseoeifgs oiaufgs l ti`is his tepis `g clrlftáls sg

gfougftrlf rgcuhl`is gf gh Oi`g. @eomi ougrpi hgclh jug ai`eol`i mlog
piois lis l trlvås `g hl r`gflfzl
r`gflfzl F» 20:-2>>:.
Gstl r`gflfzl trlki ai`eoloeifgs tlfti l hl lc
lgc (clrlftál aibe-
c
helrel sibrg begfgs augbhgs oirpÿrgis) oiai l hl flftessgagft (clrlftál
aibehelrel sibrg begfgs augbhgs efoirpirlhgs). Rgspgoti l hl lc
lgc , pi`g-
c
ais sgül hl
hlrr hi se
secu
cueg
egft
ftg;
g;
- Hl r`gflfzl 20:-2>>: lapheÿ gh gspgotri `g begfgs oirpÿrgis jlote
jlote--
bhgs `g itirclrsg gf clrlftál. Lsá, ai`eoÿ gh lrtáouhi 2??? `gh Oi`g
plrl qug gh aesai lblrqug fi sÿhi begfgs prgsgftgs, sefi tlabeåf beg-
beg-
fgs juturis.
- Gh lrtáouhi 2??? tlabeåf jug ai`eol`i plrl qug pgraetegrl qug hls
clrlftáls aibehelrels pug`lf clrlftezlr orå`etis prgsgftgs y juturis.
- l fi sg primábg gh ploti oiaesire
oiaesirei.
i.
Lmirl begf, gf plrlhghi l gstl rgcuhloeÿf, gxestgf firals gspgoel-
gspgoel-
hgs qug rgcuhlf hl prgf`l plrl ufl sgreg `g begfgs gspgoáois (prgf`l vg-
vg -
meouhlr, prgf`l `g efvgftlreis, mepitgol alráteal, gto.), hls oulhgs `gbgf
sgr loltl`ls pir hls plrtgs.
Lmirl begf, gf rlfoel hls clrlftáls pug`gf tgfgr `is jugftgs `estef-
`estef-
tls; hl oifvgfoeiflh y hl hgclh. Hl oifvgfoeiflh sg lpheol tlfti plrl hls
prgf`ls `g `grgomi oiaûf oiai plrl hls prgf`ls gspgoelhgs. ^ir itri hl`i,
hl jugftg hgclh `l irecgf l his prevehgceis (rp evehícg s).
Olbg sglhlr qug oif hl gftrl`l gf vecgfoel `g hl r`gflfzl 20:-
2>>:, sg gstlbhgoeÿ qug yl fi sg rgqugrál hl gftrgcl `gh begf plrl hl jir -
aloeÿf vìhe`l `gh oiftrlti. Lmirl sÿhi sg rgquegrg uf oiftrlti qug `gbg

(<<3) ^lrl gh `gslrrihhi `g gstg lplrtl`i, mgais tgfe`i oiai blsg gh `iouagfti `gfiaefl`i «Ghgagfts l
prgf`rg gf oifse`grlteif piur hl prgplrlteif `gs agaiergs flteiflux sur hgs clrlftegs aibehegrgs´, gh
oulh jug ghlbirl`i pir gh prijgsir Omerstipmg Kuehhgt, gf olhe`l` `g `iouagfti prgplrltirei `gh Oif-
Oif-
crgsi sibrg Hl gvihuoeÿf `g hls clrlftáls augbhgs gf gh @grgomi jrlfoås y hltefilagreolfi, ircl -
fezl`i pir hl Lsioeloeÿf Lf`rås ghhi `g Kurestls rlfoi-Hltefilagreolfis, hl Wfevgrse`l` @egci
^irtlhgs `g Omehg y hl Wfevgrsetå ^lftmgif-Lssls, qug tuvi huclr gf hl oeu`l`
oeu`l ` `g _lftelci `g Omehg gh
? y 0 `g sgptegabrg `g 2><0.

<2=
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

sgcuer `gtgraefl`ls jiralhe`l`gs oifjiral`ls, prefoeplhagftg, pir gh

mgomi `g qug åstg `gbg oifstlr pir gsoreti y `gbg oiftgfgr `gtgraefl`l
efjiraloeÿf.
^ir itri hl`i, hl ipifebehe`l` `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel gf Jrlfoel sg
cgfgrl `g `is jirals; oif gh `gsphlzlaegfti `gh begf i oif hl efsorepoeÿf
`g hl clrlftál gf gh rgcestri oirrgspif`egftg.
Gf oulfti lh sestgal rgcestrlh, tgfgais qug åstg sg olrlotgrezl pir hl
gxestgfoel `g uf ûfeoi rgcestri floeiflh, lh oulh vl l plrlr ti`l hl efjiral-
efjiral-
oeÿf qug hg gs pripiroeifl`l pir his rgcestris hiolhgs. Lsá;
Hl pubheoe`l` `g hls clrlftáls prgf`lrels sg rgcuhl gf gh @gorgti
fûa. 2>>:-<=>0, `g 2?.<2.>:, qug efstlurl uf sestgal blsl`i gf hl
oiabefloeÿf `g rgcestris hiolhgs y uf lromevi floeiflh. Oifjirag l
gstg @gorgti, hl efsorepoeÿf sg prloteol, l efstlfoel `gh lorgg`ir, gf
his rgcestris hiolhgs hhgvl`is pir gh sgorgtlrei ku`eoelh ( crgjgr) `gh
trebuflh agrolfteh oiapgtgftg pir rlzÿf `g hl sg`g i gh `iaeoehei
`gh oifstetuygftg `g hl prgf`l. _g trltl, pugs, `g uf rgcestri `g blsg
pgrsiflh. @eomls efsorepoeifgs sg ogftrlhezlf gf uf lromevi ghgo ghgo--
trÿfeoi floeiflh; gh gfolrcl`i `gh rgcestri hiolh gf qug sg mlyl efs-
efs -
oreti ufl prgf`l sef `gsphlzlaegfti alf`lrì efjirag ghgotrÿfeoi
lh lromevi floeiflh, ef`eolf`i gh fiabrg `gh clrlftg y hl oltgcirál
l hl qug pgrtgfgogf his begfgs crlvl`is. ^lrl oifiogr hl gxestgfoel
`g gvgftulhgs prgf`ls sef `gsphlzlaegfti oifstetue`ls pir ufl pgr-
sifl, lsá oiai his begfgs pecfirl`is y hl hiolhezloeÿf `g his aes-aes -
ais, his eftgrgsl`is pug`gf oifsuhtlr his rgcestris hiolhgs i begf,
vál ftgrfgt, gh omgri ghgotrÿfeoi floeiflh(<<=).

Olbg sglhlr qug hl clrlftál aibehelrel, slhvi ufl gxogpoeÿf(<<5), gs uf

oiftrlti `g olrìotgr loogsirei y, pir hi tlfti, gxestg y tegfg su juf`lagfti
crloels l ufl ibhecloeÿf `gtgraefl`l. @g gstl alfgrl, fi gs pisebhg oifs-
oifs -
tetuer clrlftáls cgfgrlhgs qug lsgcurgf lh lorgg`ir fi ufl ibhecloeÿf `gtgr-
aefl`l, sefi oulhquegr ibhecloeÿf prgsgftg i juturl.

(<<=) LRLFL @G HL WGFG, slbgh. Hl rgjiral jrlfogsl `g hls clrlftáls aibehelrels. Gf Ef@rg Ef@rgt.
t.
2/2><2. Rgvestl ghgotrÿfeol, pp. 2< y 22. .ef`rgt.oia/p`j/=5<gs.p`j (vesetl`i gh 2>/>3/2><0).
(<<5) Hl gxogpoeÿf sg gfougftrl gf hls firals gspgoelhgs `g `uoel.

<25
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

^ir itri hl`i, gf oulfti l his gjgotis `g hl clrlftál, vlhg sglhlr qug
hl aesal oifgrg lh lorgg`ir hls secuegftgs prgrricltevls; prghloeÿf, pgr -
sgouoeÿf y rgtgfoeÿf.
Lseaesai, y gf hi rghltevi l hl gkgouoeÿf `g ufl clrlftál aibehelrel gf
rlfoel, `gbgais sglhlr qug hl r`gflfzl F» 20:-2>>: pgraetg l hls plr-
tgs plotlr ufl gkgouoeÿf gxtrlku`eoelh, hl oulh oifsestg gf hl sublstl pûbheol
`gh begf. labeåf,
labeåf, sg hgclhezl gh ploti oiaesirei, gf `if`g sg gstlbhgog uf
agolfesai `g vlhirloeÿf eaplroelh `gh begf itircl`i gf clrlftál plrl hl
pritgooeÿf `gh oifstetuygftg `g hl clrlftál, tlh oiai sg pug`g ibsgrvlr l
oiftefuloeÿf;
L `ejgrgfoel `g hl ltrebuoeÿf ku`eoelh `g hl oisl pecfirl`l, gh ploti
oiaesirei trlfsgrg lutiaìteolagftg lh lorgg`ir hl pripeg`l` `g
lqughhl, sef qug sgl fgogslrel hl lpribloeÿf ku`eoelh. ^ir ghhi, y
oiai ag`e`l `g pritgooeÿf `gh oifstetuygftg jrgftg lh lorgg`ir, gh
lrt. 2?0=-2» Oo ir`gfl qug gh vlhir `g his begfgs ibkgti `g hl prgf`l
mlbrì `g klrsg gf gh aiagfti `g hl l`queseoeÿf pir uf gxpgrti
`gsecfl`i `g autui lougr`i i ku`eoelhagftg, slhvi qug sg trltg `g
begfgs oif
oif oitezloeÿf
oitezloeÿf ioelh
ioelh gf uf agrol`i flfoegri gh lougr`i
lougr`i gf
oiftrlrei gs fuhi y sg tgf`rì pir fi pugsti´(<2>).
Olbg sglhlr qug gh lrtáouhi 20=?-? `gh Oi`g sgül hl qu qugg se
se hl
hl vlh
vlhir
irl-
l-
oeÿf `gh begf `l`i gf clrlftál gs alyir l hl `gu`l qug cgfgrl su gkgou- gkgou -
oeÿf, gh lorgg`ir `gbg plclr hl `ejgrgfoel lh `gu`ir (se gxestgf itris lorgg-
lorgg-
`irgs, `gbgrì oifsecflr hl `ejgrgfoel).
eflhagftg, gf oulfti lh ir`gf `g prghloeÿf, uf lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i
tegfg prgjgrgfoel rgspgoti l uf lorgg`ir qug olrgog `g ufl clrlftál sibrg
gh begf. ^lrl gh olsi `g oifourrgfoel `g lorgg`irgs clrlftezl`is, preal
hl efsorepoeÿf pir sibrg gh `gsphlzlaegfti, y gf gh olsi gf qug oifourrlf
lorgg`irgs clrlftezl`is ouyls clrlftáls sg gfougftrlf efsoretls, hl prgjg-
prgjg -
rgfoel sg `gtgraefl gf jufoeÿf l hl lftecg`l` `g hl efsorepoeÿf.
Gf oifohuseÿf, gh sestgal `g clrlftáls aibehelrels jrlfoås pug`g
oifse`grlrsg ai`grfi, `efìaeoi y goegftg, crloels l his olabeis eftri`u-
eftri`u-
oe`is pir hl r`gflfzl F» 20:-2>>:.

(<2>) LRLFL @G HL WGFG, slbgh. Ip. o et., p. 2:.

<?>
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

0.7. Gh alroi kurá`eoi gf Aåxe oi(<2<)

Gh sestgal `g clrlftáls aibehelrels gf Aåxeoi sg olrlotgrezl pir hl

oigxestgfoel `g `evgrsis rgcáagfgs. Lsá, lh hl`i `gh råceagf prgvesti gf
gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh g`grlh (qug hhlalrgais clrlftál cgfgrlh), sg gfougftrlf
vlreis tepis `g prgf`ls gspgoelhgs (oiai hls prgvestls gf hl Hgy Cgfgrlh `g
átuhis y pgrloeifgs `g Orå`eti, hl mepitgol alráteal, gto.).
^gsg l gstl `estefoeÿf, olbg tgfgr gf ougftl qug hls plrtgs, lh aiagfti
`g oifstetuer ufl prgf`l sibrg uf begf rgcuhl`i pir ufl firal gspgoelh,
`gbgf ibsgrvlr `g alfgrl suphgtirel hi gstlbhgoe`i pir gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh
Jg`grlh. Gf itrls plhlbrls, se hl firal gspgoelh prgsgftl hlcufls i uf `gsl-
rrihhi efsuoegftg, oirrgspif`grì hl lpheoloeÿf `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh lh olsi
oiforgti.
^ir itri hl`i, rgspgoti l hls jugftgs `g hl clrlftál, pug`g sglhlrsg qug
gxestgf trgs jugftgs `esteftls; hl oifvgfoeiflh, hl hgclh y hl ku`eoelh.
Hl preagrl sg rggrg l hls oifstetue`ls ag`elftg uf váfouhi oiftrlo-
oiftrlo -
tulh. Lquá sg gfougftrlf hl ohìseol prgf`l oeveh, hls prgf`ls gspgoelhgs `g
hl Hgy gfgrlh `g átuhis y pgrloeifgs `g Orå`eti, hl mepitgol alrá- alrá-
teal, gto.
^lrl gh olsi `g begfgs augbhgs, gxestg ufl clrlftál hgclh oifsestgftg
gf uf `grgomi `g rgtgfoeÿf l jlvir `gh oifstruotir `g ufl ibrl augbhg,
`gh trlfspirtestl, `g his looeifestls, y `g itris sukgtis gf oeroufstlfoels
gspgoelhgs.
Jeflhagftg, gxestg ufl clrlftál ku`eoelh ouyl blsg sg gfougftrl gf gh
lrtáouhi 27?? `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh g`grlh. _g trltl `gh `grgomi `gh `gpisetlrei
`g rgtgfgr uf begf `gh `gpisetlftg mlstl qug rgoebl su plci. Lsá, gh `gpise-
tlrei pug`g, plrl mlogr vlhgr gstg `grgomi, `galf`lr hl rgtgfoeÿf ku`eoelh.

(<2<) ^lrl gh `gslrrihhi `g gstg lplrtl`i, mgais tgfe`i gf oifse`grloeÿf gh `iouagfti `gfiaefl`i
«aier
aiergg `u `riet ageolef sur hgs clrlftegs aiehergs, gh oulh ml se`i ghlbirl`i pir his prijg-
prijg-
sirgs Rljlgh blrrl lrzl, Rgfå rrl `g hl Oruz y _lftelci Rlaárgz Rgygs, gf olhe`l` `g `iouagfti
prgplrltirei `gh Oifcrgsi sibrg Hl gvihuoeÿf `g hls clrlftáls augbhgs gf gh @grgomi jrlfoås y hlte-
hlte-
filagreolfi, irclfezl`i pir hl Lsioeloeÿf Lf`rås ghhi `g Kurestls rlfoi-Hltefilagreolfis, hl
Wfevgrse`l` @egci ^irtlhgs `g Omehg y hl Wfevgrsetå ^lftmgif-Lssls, qug tuvi huclr gf hl oeu`l` `g
_lftelci `g Omehg gh ? y 0 `g sgptegabrg `g 2><0.

<?<
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Lmirl begf, rgspgoti l hl oifstetuoeÿf `g hl clrlftál, `gbgais sglhlr

qug gf Aåxeoi gh sestgal gs gh secuegftg;
- Gh `gsphlzlaegfti oulf`i oirrgspif`g gh aesai (oiai gf his olsis
`g hl prgf`l oeveh, i `g lhcufls prgf`ls lh laplri `g hl Hgy Cgfgrlh
`g átuhis y pgrloeifgs `g Orå`eti) sg grecg oiai uf rgqueseti `g
vlhe`gz `gh oiftrlti `g prgf`l. Gf itrls plhlbrls, se fi mly ufl `gspi-
sgseÿf, gh oiftrlti l`ihgogrì `g fuhe`l`.
- Gf his olsis gf qug fi sg rgquegrl `gsphlzlaegfti, hl oifstetuoeÿf `g
hl clrlftál gs vìhe`l oif hl oghgbrloeÿf `g uf oiftrlti qug sg oel l hls
firals gspgoelhgs oirrgspif`egftgs. Hl efsorepoeÿf gf uf rgcestri lpl-
lpl-
rgog oiai uf ghgagfti `g ipifebehe`l`, y fi `g vlhe`gz.
Lmirl begf, `gbe`i l hl auhtepheoe`l` `g rgcáagfgs gspgoelhgs, fi
vlais l rgjgrerfis l his gjgotis `g hls clrlftáls y his `grgomis qug tegfg gh
lorgg`ir gf gh sestgal agxeolfi.
_ef gablrci, gf oulfti l hl gkgouoeÿf `g hl prgf`l, olbg sglhlr qug
gxestgf `is váls `esteftls; hl ku`eoelh y hl gxtrlku`eoelh. Gf labis supugs-
tis hl gkgouoeÿf sg altgrelhezl l trlvås `g ufl sublstl, oif hl oulh gh lorgg-
lorgg-
`ir vl l sltesjlogr su lorggfoel.
Olbg sgül hlr qug
qug gh ploti
ploti oiaesirei
oiaesirei sg
sg gfougftrl
gfougftrl primeb
primebe`i,
e`i, lufqug
lufqug
gh lorgg`ir pug`g `galf`lr hl l`ku`eoloeÿf `gh begf se, hugci `g rglhezl`l
ufl sublstl pûbheol gf aåreti l ufl gkgouoeÿf ku`eoelh, gh begf fi hhgcÿ lh
`gfiaefl`i «prgoei `g rgsgrvl´.
eflhagftg, gf oulfti l hl prghloeÿf `g lorgg`irgs, pi`gais sglhlr
hi secuegftg;
- Gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i tegfg prgjgrgfoel sibrg lqughhis lorgg`irgs
qug olrgogf `g ufl clrlftál.
- Gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i qug pug`l ipifgr su clrlftál tegfg prgjgrgf
prgjgrgf--
oel sibrg lqugh ouyl clrlftál fi gs ipifebhg.
- Gf olsi `g oifourrgfoel gftrg lorgg`irgs clrlftezl`is qug pug`lf
ipifgr su clrlftál, hl prgjgrgfoel sg `gtgraeflrì gf jufoeÿf l hl lfte-
lfte -
cg`l` `gh aiagfti gf qug sg ibtuvi hl ipifebehe`l`.

<?2
 OL^ÁPWHI
OL ^ÁPWHI EZ
EZ
LHC
HCWWFL
FL__ OIF_
O IF_EE @GR
GRLLOE
OEIFG_
IFG_
CGF
CG FGR
GRLLHG
HG__ GF PIRFI
PI RFI L HL HGU
@G HL CLRLF
CLRLFPÁPÁL
L AI
AIB BE HE
HELREL
LREL (<22)

<. CLRLFPÁL_
CLRLF PÁL_ _IB
_IBRG
_EF @G_^I_G_Eß
@G_^I_G_EßFRG HI_ AWGBHG_ OIR^
F OIR^IRLHG_
IRLHG_ OIF I

<.<. Wfl vg ug l se`i plcl`i gh lorgg`ir pir gh oulh jug oifstetue`l hl
clrlftál, pug`g `eol clrlftál bgfgoelr lh aesai lorgg`ir plrl
itrl `gu`l i plrl itri lorgg`ir9

Hl rgspugstl lraltevl sg eapifg. Hl clrlftál aibehelrel gs `gfe`l

gf gh lrtáouh
lrtáouhii ?.< `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlft
lrlftál
ál Aibehe
Aibehelrel
lrel oiai hl ljgotl
ljgotl--
oeÿf `g uf begf augbhg ag`elftg uf loti kurá`eoi, `gstefl`l l lsgcu- lsgcu -
rlr gh ouapheaegfti `g ufl ibhecloeÿf. Gs `goer, hl goloel `g hl clrlf -
tál aibehelrel sg gfougftrl `gtgraefl`l pir hl gxestgfoel `g hl ibhecloeÿf
qug clrlftezl.

(<22) ^lrl gh `gslrrihhi `g gstg olpátuhi, mgais tgfe`i oiai blsg gh `iouagfti `gfiaefl`i «Agairel
`gh @grgomi pgrulfi sibrg clrlftáls aibehelrels, ghlbirl`i pir Alrei Olstehhi rgyrg, oif hl oihl-
oihl-
birloeÿf `g Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf. @eomi `iouagfti jug prgsgftl`i gf gh Oifcrgsi sibrg Hl gvi- gvi -
huoeÿf `g hls clrlftáls augbhgs gf gh @grgomi jrlfoås y hltefilagreolfi, irclfezl`i pir hl Lsioel -
oeÿf Lf`rås ghhi `g Kurestls rlfoi-Hltefilagreolfis, hl Wfevgrse`l` @egci ^irtlhgs `g Omehg y hl
Wfevgrsetå ^lftmgif-Lssls, qug tuvi huclr gf hl oeu`l` `g _lftelci `g Omehg gh ? y 0 `g sgptegabrg
`g 2><0.
Gh trlblki oifsesteÿ gf rgspif`gr uf ougsteiflrei qug sg jirauhÿ `g alfgrl ufejirag l his juturis
pifgftgs `gh rgjgre`i Oifcrgsi, pir plrtg `g sus irclfezl`irgs, his
his prijgsirgs Omrestelf Hlrriuagt y
Feoihls lhlt.

<??
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Hl clrlftál aibehelrel fi tegfg gxestgfoel lutÿfial, sefi uf olrìotgr

loogsirei. ^ir gf`g, fi pug`g mlbgr tlh clrlftál sef qug gxestl ufl ibhecl-
oeÿf qug clrlfteog. Ghhi, ti`l vgz qug su rltei oifsestg prgoeslagftg gf
clrlftezlr ufl ibhecloeÿf.

Gve`gftgagftg, se hl ibhecloeÿf prefoeplh sg gxtefcug pir su ouaphe-

ouaphe -
aegfti, hl clrlftál aibehelrel sg gxtefcug `g alfgrl lutiaìteol. Ghhi, pir
supugsti, lh alrcgf `g his trìaetgs qug sgl fgogslrei rglhezlr plrl qug gsl
setuloeÿf sg gfougftrg rggkl`l gf gh rgcestri oirrgspif`egftg.
Gf tlh sgfte`i, hl clrlftál qug rgolál sibrg gh begf augbhg sg pi`rál
oifstetuer yl sgl plrl clrlftezlr itrl `gu`l gftrg his aesais sukgtis, i
begf plrl clrlftezlr gh orå`eti `g itri lorgg`ir.
lorgg`ir.

<.2. Oif rghloeÿf l hl blsg hgc

lh sibrg hl
hl l
cr lft
lftál
ál aib
aibeh
ehel
elre
rel,
l, ¹
g xe stg u f
rceagf oiaûf i plrteouhlr @gftri `g ol`l oltgcirál, ouìh gs gh

gstl`i
ûfeol i`gauhtepheoe`l`
hls `espiseoeifgs `gh Oÿ`ec
`g clrlftáls igspgoáols
i `g hls hgygs (rgch lag
gf jufoeÿf agft
`gftl
lofl-
hl eÿf-
fl
turlhgzl `g his begfgs
begfgs Tpir
Tpir gkgaphi,
gkgaphi, ¹v lr
lrei
eiss tep
tepis
is `g pr
prgf`l
gf`l9 Q 9 G f gh
9
olsi ug gxestlf clrlftáls plrteouhlrgs, gs ug hls plrtgs tegfgf hl
pisebehe`l` `g hebrlrsg `g ghhls gsoice gf`
f`ii hl rgch lagft
agftloloeÿ
eÿf
f `g `g-
`g-
rgoi oiaûf

Oiai mgais sgül hl`i gf gf `evgrsis

`evgrsis gxtrga
gxtrgais
is `g gstl ibrl,
ibrl, gh
gh < `g
alrzi `g 2>>: sg pubheoÿ gf gh `elrei ioelh Gh ^grulfilfi , hl Hgy `g hl
lrlftál Aibehelrel, Hgy F» 2=:33, hi qug secfeoÿ uf olabei rl`eolh gf
hl rgcuhloeÿf `g hls clrlftáls aibehelrels(<2?).

bhgs Lftgreiragftg,
sg gfoiftrlbl gh sestgal
gfoiftr lbl rgcuhl`i
rgcuhl` i pir pgrulfi
`evgrsls `g clrlftáls
firal s, ol`lsibrg
firals, begfgs
ufl oif aug-
rgqueset
rgquesetis
is
`g oifstetuoeÿf `esteftis y uf sestgal trl`eoeiflh `g Rgcestri qug mloál
pioi eftgrgs
eftgrgslftg
lftg gstl clrlftá
clrlftáll plrl hl alyirál `g lorgg`i
lorgg`irgs.
rgs. Oif hl
gftrl`l gf vecgfoel `g hl fugvl Hgy sg `gricÿ gftrg itris his secuegf-
secuegf -
tgs prgogptis;

(<2?) Gstl firal, sgcûf hi gstlbhgoe`i gf su ^reagrl @espiseoeÿf eflh, gftrÿ gf vecgfoel l his 5> `áls `g
su pubheoloeÿf gf gh `elrei ioelh Gh ^grulfi
lfi .

<?0
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Lr t áou his ` gr icl ` is H gy @gt l hhg

<>77 lh <>55 <2<3 y ==7 Oÿ`eci Oeveh ^rgf`l oiaûf
?<7, ?<: y ?<5 Oÿ`eci `g Oiagroei ^rgf`l agrolfteh
<3= lh <=? Hgy Cgfgrlh `g Aefgrál ^rgf`l aefgrl

=2 lh =3 Hgy Cgfgrlh `g Ef`ustrel ^rgf`l ef`ustrelh

2?< Hgy `gh _estgal eflfoegri ^rgf`l chiblh y itlftg
Lbricloeÿf Hgy `g epitgol Flvlh epitgol `g buqugs
Hgy `g Rgcestri Jesolh `g
Lbricloeÿf egfgs augbhgs rgcestrlbhg
rgcestrlbhgss
Zgftl l ^hlzis
@gricloeÿf Hgy `g hl ^rgf`l Lcráoihl ^rgf`l lcráoihl

Oif hl `gricloeÿf `g his lrtáouhis <>77 lh <>55 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh sg

pri`uki hl `gsoi`eoloeÿf `gh trltlaegfti
trltlaegfti `g hl prgf`l gf gh ^grû.
Lsá pugs, hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel itircÿ uf trltlaegfti oif

alyir crl`i `g gspgoelhe`l`,

táls aibehelrels, orglf`i
oifstetuyåf`isg gf uflufrgchlagftloeÿf
sestgal ufejiraezl`i `g clrlf-
clrlf -
ûfeol y suphegf`i
lh Oÿ`eci Oeveh vecgftg gf `eoml altgrel.
Fi ibstlftg, oiai agfoeiflais lftgreiragftg, `g alfgrl plrl plrl--
hghl l hl clrlftál aibehelrel jiralh, gsti gs, l hl rgcuhl`l pir hl Hgy `g
hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel, gf gh ^grû secug vecgftg ufl clrlftál aibehelrel
eapgrjgotl i, hi qug vgf`rál l sgr hi aesai, ufl prgf`l oif gftrgcl i
`gsphlzlaegfti.

oifvgfoei-
<.?. uìhgs sif hls jugftgs pitgfoelhgs `g gstls clrlftáls oifvgfoei-
flhgs
flhgs,h
,h gc
l h gs
lh gs,k
,k u`e
u`eoe
oelh
lhgs
gs)9
)9

Gf gh ^grû, hl clrlftál aibehelrel gs hl ljgotloeÿf `g uf begf aug-

aug -
bhg ag`elftg uf loti kurá`eoi, `gstefl`i l lsgcurlr gh ouapheaegfti `g
ufl ibhecloeÿf. ^ir gf`g, su oifstetuoeÿf tegfg olrìotgr gstreotlagftg
oifvgfoeiflh.
Gh lrtáouhi <3 `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel prgsorebg qug Hl
rghloeÿf kurá`eol gftrg hls plrtgs `grevl`l `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel sibrg gh
begf augbhg sg oifstetuyg ag`elftg loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi ufehltgrlh i
phurehltgrlh,, `gbe`lagftg itircl`i oif hl flhe`l` `g lsgcurlr gh ouaphe-
phurehltgrlh ouaphe-
aegfti `g ufl ibhecloeÿf (gh subrlyl`i gs fugstri).

<?7
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

_gcûf hi `espugsti pir gh lrtáouhi <0> `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, gh loti kurá-kurá-
`eoi gs hl alfejgstloeÿf `g vihuftl` `gstefl`l l orglr, rgcuhlr,
rgcuhlr, ai`eolr i
gxtefcuer rghloeifgs kurá`eols. Gf tlh sgfte`i, gs slbe`i qug his lotis kurá`e-
ois pug`gf rgvgster olrìotgr ufehltgrlh i phurehltgrlh.

_if lotis kurá`eois ufehltgrlhgs lqughhis plrl ouyl oghgbrloeÿf sihl-

sihl-
agftg sg rgquegrg `g hl alfejgstloeÿf `g vihuftl` `g uf lcgftg, vlhg `goer
`g ufl plrtg. ^ir itri hl`i, his lotis kurá`eois phurehltgrlhgs, sif lqughhis
qug plrl su oghgbrloeÿf rgquegrgf hl oifourrgfoel `gh lougr`i `g `is i aìs
vihuftl`gs, `gohlrl`ls pir hls rgspgotevls plrtgs qug hgs `lf floeaegfti.
Gh loti kurá`eoi behltgrlh, gs `goer, lquåh gf qug oifourrgf `is vihuftl`gs,
gs gh loti kurá`eoi phurehltgrlh oghgbrl`i oif alyir jrgougfoel.
Gf tlh vertu`, gf gh ^grû hl ûfeol jugftg `g oifstetuoeÿf `g hl clrlf-
clrlf -
tál aibehelrel gs hl alfejgstloeÿf `g hl vihuftl`. @eoml vihuftl` sg
`gohlrl l trlvås `g uf loti kurá`eoi, gh oulh pug`g sgr ufehltgrlh, behltgrlh i
phurehltgrlh(<20).

<.0. ¹
O uìh gs sif
sif hls oif`eoe
oif`eoeifgs
ifgs `g vlhe
vlhe`gz
`gz `g
`g hl (i `g hls)
hls) l
cr lft
ftáál(s)9
_g trltl `g uf oiftrlti oifsgfsulh i `g uf oiftrlti jiralh

_g trltl `g uf loti kurá`eoi ufehltgrlh i phurehltgrlh, jiralh i sihgafg.

Gf tlh sgfte`i, gh loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi oifstlrì pir gsoreti y pi`rì
efstruagftlrsg pir oulhquegr ag`ei jgmloegftg qug `gkg oifstlfoel `g hl
vihuftl` `g quegf hi itircl, efohuygf`i gh tåhgx, tghgjlx, eftgrolabei ghgo-
ghgo-
trÿfeoi `g `ltis, oirrgi ghgotrÿfeoi y ag`eis ÿpteois i seaehlrgs, `g oif- oif-
jirae`l` oif hl Hgy F» 232:5, Hgy `g erals y Ogrteol`is @ecetlhgs, gh

(<20) Hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel fi mlog rgjgrgfoel l ufl clrlftál aibehelrel hgclh. Gh lrtáouhi <3
gstlbhgog qug;
«Lrtáouhi <3.-
<3.- ifstetuoef
Hl rghloeÿf kurá`eol gftrg hls plrtgs `grevl`l `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel sibrg gh begf augbhg sg oifs-
tetuyg ag`elftg loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi ufehltgrlh i phurehltgrlh,
phurehltgrlh, `gbe`lagftg itircl`i oif hl fl-
fl -
he`l` `g lsgcurlr gh ouapheaegfti `g ufl ibhecloeÿf.
^lrl qug hl clrlftál aibehelrel sgl ipifebhg jrgftg l tgrogris `gbg gstlr efsoretl gf gh Rgcestri
oirrgspif`egftg.
Gh loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi oifstlrì pir gsoreti y pi`rì efstruagftlrsg pir oulhquegr ag`ei jgml-
jgml -
oegftg qug `gkg oifstlfoel `g hl vihuftl` `g quegf hi itircl, efohuygf`i gh tåhgx, tghgjlx, eftgrola-
eftgrola -
bei ghgotrÿfeoi `g `ltis, oirrgi ghgotrÿfeoi y ag`eis ÿpteois i seaehlrgs, `g oifjirae`l` oif hl Hgy
F» 232:5 Hgy `g erals y Ogrteol`is
Ogrteol`is @ecetlhgs, gh @gorgti _uprgai F» ><5-2>>2-KW_ Rgchlagfti
`g hl Hgy `g erals y Ogrteol`is @ecetlhgs y hls `gaìs firals lpheolbhgs gf gstl altgrel.
Oulf`i hl clrlftál aibehelrel sg oifstetuyl pir uf tgrogri, fi sg rgqugrerì `gh oifsgfteaegfti `gh
`gu`ir´.

<?:
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

@gorgti _uprgai F» ><5-2>>2-KW_, Rgchlagfti `g hl Hgy `g erals y

Ogrteol`is @ecetlhgs y hls `gaìs firals lpheolbhgs gf gstl altgrel.
Gh lrtáouhi <5 `g hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel sgül hl qu
qugg gh
gh lot
lotii
kurá`eoi oifstetutevi `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel `gbgrì oiftgfgr oiai
aáfeai hi secuegftg;
<) His `ltis qugqug pgraetlf
pgraetlf hl e`gfteoloeÿf, efohuygf`i gh `iaeoehei,
`iaeoehei, `gh
`gh
oifstetuygftg, `gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i y `gh `gu`ir, lsá oiai hl ral
gsoretl i ghgotrÿfeol oulf`i agfis `gh preagri.
2) Gf olsi `g begfgs fi rgcestrl`is, hl `gohlrloeÿf
`gohlrloeÿf kurl`l `gh oifstetu-
oifstetu-
ygftg sibrg su oif`eoeÿf `g pripegtlrei `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf
clrlftál aibehelrel. Gh oifstetuygftg lsuaerì hls rgspifslbehe`l`gs
oevehgs i pgflhgs qug pu`egrlf `grevlrsg `g hl jlhsg`l` i efgxlotetu`
`g gstl `gohlrloeÿf.
?) Gh vlhir `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i
ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel,
aibehelrel, loir`l`i
loir`l`i
gftrg hls plrtgs i kl`i pir uf tgrogri `g oiaûf lougr`i.
0) Gh aifti `gtgraefl`i i `gtgraeflbhg `gh crlvlagf.
7) Hl e`gfteoloeÿf y hl `gsorepoeÿf `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál
aibehelrel. Hl `gsorepoeÿf sg rglhezlrì prgjgrgftgagftg `g jiral gspg-
gspg-
oáol i cgfåreol, sgcûf hi lougr`gf hls plrtgs.
:) Hl `gsorepoeÿf
`gsorepoeÿf gspgoáol i cgfåreol `g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l,
clrlftezl`l,
sgcûf hi lougr`gf hls plrtgs.
3) Gh fiabrg
fiabrg i rlzÿf sioelh,
sioelh, `iouagfti
`iouagfti ioelh
ioelh `g e`gfte`l` y `iaeoehei
`gh `gpisetlrei, se jugrl gh olsi.
=) Hl jgoml oegrtl `gh loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi.
5) Gh phlzi `g vecgfoel
vecgfoel `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel. ^i`rì plotlrsg uf phlzi
ef`gfe`i. Gf `gjgoti `g phlzi plotl`i, sg prgsuag qug gs ef`gfe`i.
<>) Hl jiral y oif`eoeifgs `g hl gkgouoeÿf `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf
clrlftál aibehelrel.
<<) f`eoloeÿf `g his `ltis `g efsorepoeÿf `gh begf augbhg gf uf Rgcestri
Kurá`eoi `g egfgs, oulf`i oirrgspif`l.
<2) `gfteoloeÿf `g his rgprgsgftlftgs l qug sg rggrgf his lrtáouhis 03,
efoesi <, y 7?, fuagrlh 7?.:, `g sgr gh olsi.

<?3
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Olbg `gstlolr qug oifjirag lh prgogpti qug lolblais `g sglhlr,

ti`l hl efjiraloeÿf oiftgfe`l gf gh loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi `gbg oifstlr
gf gh jirauhlrei `g efsorepoeÿf oirrgspif`egftg.
L`gaìs, `gbgais l`vgrter qug, gf vertu` `gh preagr pìrrlji `gh lr-
táouhi <3 `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel, hl oifstetuoeÿf `g hl clrlftál
aibehelrel fi rgquegrg `g efsorepoeÿf. @g gstl jiral, oiai sg sglhl gf gh
oetl`i lrtáouhi, hl rghloeÿf kurá`eol gftrg hls plrtgs `grevl`l `g hl clrlftál
aibehelrel sibrg gh begf augbhg, sg cgfgrl ag`elftg loti kurá`eoi oifstetu-
tevi ufehltgrlh i phurehltgrlh, `gbe`lagftg itircl`i oif hl flhe`l` `g lsg-
lsg-
curlr gh ouapheaegfti `g ufl ibhecloeÿf.
Fi ibstlftg hi sglhl`i,
sglhl`i, `g lougr`i lh sgcuf`i
sgcuf`i pìrrlji `gh aesai lr-
táouhi, plrl qug hl clrlftál aibehelrel sgl ipifebhg jrgftg l tgrogris, `gbg
gstlr efsoretl gf gh Rgcestri oirrgspif`egftg.
Oiai sg pug`g lprgoelr, gftifogs, `g lougr`i l hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál
Aibehelrel, ufl clrlftál aibehelrel fi sgrì phgfl i pgrjgotl, gsti gs, fi sgrì
ipifebhg jrgftg l tgrogris, se gh tátuhi oifstetutevi fi sg gfougftrl efsoreti.
Ghhi gs lsá, pirqug hl firal, lh oif`eoeiflr hl ipifebehe`l` `g hl clrlftál
l su efsorepoeÿf, tegfg pir ibkgtevi ohlri y oiforgti gh qug ti`i lqugh qug
`gsgg clrlftezlr gh ouapheaegfti `g ufl ibhecloeÿf ag`elftg hl ljgotloeÿf
`g uf begf augbhg, sg vgl jirzl`i l efsoreber gh loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi.

<.7. s fgogslrel hl `gspisgseÿf f gh olsi ug hl rgspugstl sgl lr-

altev
alt evl,
l, ¹
s g trltl
trltl `g
`g ufl
uf l oif`eoeÿ
oif`eoeÿf
f `g vlhe`gz
vlhe`gz i `g ufl oif`eoeÿf
oif`eoeÿf `g
ipifebehe`l` f gh olsi ug hl `gspisgseÿf fi sgl fgogslrel plrl
hl vlhe`g `g hl clrlftál, gxestgf jiralhe`l`gs ug sustetugf hl
alfg-
lusgfoel `g `gspisgseÿf , gf olsi lraltevi, ouìhgs sif @g alfg-
rl c
g f grlh, ¹
o uì
h gs sif
sif hls ai`lhe`l`gs
ai`lhe`l`gs prgve
prgvestls
stls plrl hl ipiseoe
ipiseoeÿf
ÿf
mloel his tgrogris9

Hl preagrl plrtg `gh lrtáouhi ? `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel

sglhl qug Hl clrlftál aibehelrel gs hl ljgotloeÿf `g uf begf augbhg
ag`elftg uf loti kurá`eoi, `gstefl`l l lsgcurlr gh ouapheaegfti `g ufl
ibhecloeÿf. Hl clrlftál aibehelrel pug`g `lrsg oif i sef `gspisgseÿf `gh
begf augbhg
augbhg.. Gf olsi `g `gspisgseÿf, pug`g plotlrsg hl gftrgcl `gh begf
augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál lh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i i l uf tgrogri `gpise-
`gpise -
tlrei´ (gh subrlyl`i gs fugstri).

<?=
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

^ir gf`g, fi gs ibhecltirel hl `gspisgseÿf `gh begf pir gh oiftrlrei,

rgprgsgftl ufl pitgstl` `gh tetuhlr gf rghloeÿf l hl jiral gf qug prgtgf`g
lsgcurlr gh ouapheaegfti `g ufl ibhecloeÿf.
Gf tlh sgfte`i, hls plrtgs pug`gf rgcuhlr hebrgagftg hl jiral `g hl
tial `g pisgseÿf `gh begf augbhg clrlftezl`i. _ef gablrci, l jlhtl `g
ploti, gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i i gh l`quergftg `gh begf augbhg ljgoti gf
clrlftál pug`gf lsuaer `ergotlagftg hl pisgseÿf `g `eomi begf. ^lrl ghhi,
sg rgquegrg hl ogrteoloeÿf fitlrelh `g hl tial `g pisgseÿf, gf hl qug sg
`gkg gxprgsl oifstlfoel `gh gstl`i y hls olrlotgrásteols prefoeplhgs `gh
begf augbhg clrlftezl`i, lsá oiai hl fiteoloeÿf, pir plrtg `g uf fitlrei
pûbheoi, lh `gu`ir y, gf su olsi, lh oifstetuygftg y lh `gpisetlrei `gh begf
clrlftezl`i, `gftri `g his `is `áls mìbehgs secuegftgs.
Lmirl begf, sg phlftgl hl eftgrriclftg gf gh sgfte`i `g qug gf gh olsi
qug hl `gspisgseÿf fi sgl fgogslrel plrl hl vlhe`gz `g hl clrlftál, ¹gxestgf
jiralhe`l`gs qug sustetuygf hl lusgfoel `g `gspisgseÿf9
@g hl hgoturl `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel `gh ^grû, sg tegfg
qug gh oetl`i lrtáouhi ? `gbg sgr gftgf`e`i gf oifoir`lfoel oif hi sgl- sgl -
hl`i pir gh lrtáouhi <3. Lsá, åstg sglhl qug ^lrl qug hl clrlftál aibehelrel
sgl ipifebhg jrgftg l tgrogris `gbg gstlr efsoretl gf gh Rgcestri oirrgspif-
oirrgspif-
`egftg. Gh loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi oifstlrì pir gsoreti y pi`rì efstruagf-
tlrsg pir oulhquegr ag`ei jgmloegftg qug `gkg oifstlfoel `g hl vihuftl` `g
quegf hi itircl´.
Gs `goer, y rgspif`egf`i l hl eftgrriclftg phlftgl`l, sg tegfg qug gf gh
^grû hl `gspisgseÿf fi gs rgqueseti plrl hl vlhe`gz `g hl clrlftál, pgri hl
aesal hgy pgrulfl gstlbhgog qug l gjgotis `g qug sg pri`uzol ipifebehe`l`
mloel tgrogris, hl clrlftál `gbg efsorebersg gf gh rgcestri rgspgotevi, mlyl i
fi mlyl `gspisgseÿf `gh begf.

`grg-
<.:. uìhgs sif his gjgotis `g hl clrlftál `grgoi `g rgtgfoeÿf, `grg-
oi `g prgjgrgfoel, `grgoi `g pgrsgouoeÿf , gvgftulhagftg, itrls
prgrric
lt evls)9

Gh lrtáouhi <2 `g hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel sgül hl qu

qugg gh
gh lor
lorgg
gg--
`ir clrlftezl`i, slhvi ploti `estefti, tegfg gh `grgomi `g gkgoutlr hl clrlf-
tál aibehelrel oulf`i sg pri`uzol gh efouapheaegfti `g hl ibhecloeÿf
clrlftezl`l.

<?5
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Gxogpoeiflhagftg, gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i pi`rì gkgoutlr hl clrlf-

tál aibehelrel lftgs `gh vgfoeaegfti `g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l, oulf`i
ougftg oif juf`lagftis rlziflbhgs y ibkgtevis `g qug gh begf augbhg `l`i
gf clrlftál aibehelrel fi sg gfougftrl `gbe`lagftg oifsgrvl`i i `gsou-
bregrl oeroufstlfoels qug pu`egrlf
pu`egrlf `eouhtlr
`eouhtlr i mlogr eapisebhg hl gkgouoeÿf
gkgouoeÿf
`g hl clrlftál aibehelrel.
Gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i, gf olsi tuvegsg hl pisgseÿf `gh begf augbhg,
tgf`rì hl olhe`l` `g `gpisetlrei y `gbgrì oue`lrhi y alftgfgrhi gf bugf
gstl`i. _e gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i `llrl i pusegrl gf pghecri gh begf aug-
aug-
bhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel, gh `gu`ir i gh oifstetuygftg
oifstetuygftg cizlrál `gh
`grgomi l gxecer su gftrgcl gf `gpÿseti l ufl tgrogrl pgrsifl, sef pgrkueoei
`g hl ef`gafezloeÿf l qug mubegrg huclr
huclr..
_e gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i tegfg hl pisgseÿf `gh begf `l`i gf clrlf-
clrlf -
tál aibehelrel y åstg pri`uog jrutis i eftgrgsgs, gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i
his pgroeberì pir ougftl `gh `gu`ir, y his eaputlrì l his eftgrgsgs `g hl
`gu`l clrlftezl`l y gh gxogsi qug mubegrg, lh olpetlh, slhvi ploti gf
oiftrlrei.
Gf gh ^grû, gh lorgg`ir tegfg hl ibhecloeÿf `g `gvihvgr gh begf ljgotl`i
gf clrlftál aibehelrel lh oifstetuygftg i `gu`ir, oulf`i sg ouaphl oif hl
ibhecloeÿf prefoeplh clrlftezl`l. _e sg pegr`g i `gstruyg gh begf `l`i gf
clrlftál aibehelrel, åstg sgrì plcl`i pir gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i, quegf
sÿhi pi`rì gxeaersg `g gstl ibhecloeÿf priblf`i qug fi sg pgr`eÿ i `gs- `gs -
truyÿ pir su ouhpl.
_e gh lorgg`ir pegr`g hl pisgseÿf `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál
aibehelrel, pug`g rgoupgrlrhl.
tri `g his gjgotis tápeois `g his `grgomis rglhgs `g clrlftál (y seae-
seae -
hlrgs) gs gh `grgomi `g prgjgrgfoel, qug pgraetg lh lorgg`ir prevehgcel`i
oibrlr oif lfteoeploeÿf rgspgoti `g his itris lorgg`irgs.
Gf tlh oiftgxti, gh lrtáouhi 27 hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel gstl- gstl -
bhgog qug gh
g h oretgrei
ore tgrei `g prgjgrgfo
prg jgrgfoel
el jrgftg
jr gftg l tgrogri
tgrogriss `g uf lorgg`ir,
lo rgg`ir, gstì
gs tì
`l`i pir hl jgoml `g efsorepoeÿf gf gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei. Grci, gf gh
^grû, oulhquegr itrl clrlftál itircl`l i ogseÿf rglhezl`l g efohusi fite- fite -
ol`l lh lorgg`ir i `gu`ir rgspgotevlagftg, gstlrìf subir`efl`ls jrgftg
lh `grgomi efsoreti gf gh rgcestri, sef qug eapirtg se prgog`egrif i fi l

<0>
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

gsl efsorepoeÿf. Ghhi, pugsti qug hl efsorepoeÿf oifgrg hl prgjgrgfoel

gftrg his lorgg`irgs.

<.3
. ¹
O uì h gs sif
sif hls oif`eo
oif`eoeifgs
eifgs `g rglh
rglhezl
ezloeÿ
oeÿf
f y ouì
h gs si
sif
f his
his ai`
ai`isis
`g rglhezloeÿf `g hl c
lr lftál (vgftl
lr (vgftl `gh begf
begf y oibri
oibri sibrg
sibrg gh prgo
prgoei,
ei,
phg -
ltrebuoeÿf u`eoelh, u suog`g oif hl ohìusuhl `g ltrebuoeÿf `g phg-
fi `grgomi Tploti
Tploti oiaesireiQ,g
oiaesireiQ,g to.)9

Rgspgoti l hl gkgouoeÿf `g hl clrlftál, hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehel-

Aibehel -
rel oiftgaphl trgs efstruagftis; hl vgftl gxtrlku`eoelh, hl vgftl ku`eoelh y
gh ploti oiaesirei i l`ku`eoloeÿf gf jlvir `gh lorgg`ir.
Gh priog`eaegfti `g vgftl gxtrlku`eoelh, oifjirag lh lrtáouhi 03 `g hl
rgjgre`l Hgy, sg efeoel oif ufl olrtl fitlrelh `erece`l lh `gu`ir y lh rgprg-
rgprg-
sgftlftg y, gf su olsi, lh oifstetuygftg, gf hl oulh sg `gkl oifstlfoel `gh
efouapheaegfti `gh `gu`ir. Gf gsg ir`gf `g e`gls, sgcûf hl Hgy `g hl
lrlftál Aibehelrel, hlvlhg
tlftg y oifstetuygftg4 oiaufeoloeÿf gs e`åfteol
`goer, qug lqughhl plrllhgh`gu`ir
`erece`l `gu`ir,tlabeåf
rgprgsgfsg-
rgprgsgf-
heaetlrál l oiaufeolrhg qug ml efouaphe`i.
Gf fugstrl ipefeÿf, hl Hgy tegfg iaeseifgs, pugs fi gstlbhgog qug
eculh oiaufeoloeÿf `gbl ourslrsg lh pripegtlrei `gh begf, gf lqughhis olsis
gf qug gh begf mlyl se`i gflkgfl`i y hl trlfsjgrgfoel mlyl se`i oiaufe-
oiaufe -
ol`l pir oif`uoti fitlrelh lh lorgg`ir (lrtáouhi <<, efoesi 7 `g hl Hgy `g
hl lrlftál Aibehelrel). Gstg `gjgoti, pgrku`eol crlvgagftg gh gkgroeoei `gh
`grgomi `g `gjgfsl `gh fugvi pripegtlrei.
^ir itrl plrtg, hecl`i tlabeåf l hl rglhezloeÿf `g hl clrlftál aibe-
aibe -
helrel,
qug gsghfuhl
lrtáouhi ??, efoesi
hl vgftl 3 `ggfhl prgoei
rglhezl`l Hgy `gagfir
hl lrlftál
l hls Aibehelrel
`is tgrogrls`espifg
plrtgs
`gh vlhir `gh begf augbhg plotl`i gftrg hls plrtgs i, gf su `gjgoti, `gh
vlhir oiagroelh `gh begf augbhg lh tegapi `g hl vgftl (efoesi 2 `gh lr-
táouhi 03).
^ir tlfti, gh prgoei `g vgftl fi gs fgogslrelagftg gh vlhir plotl`i i
kl`i lh aiagfti `gh loti oifstetutevi, sefi qug pug`g sgr gh vlhir oiagr-
oelh lh aiagfti `g hl vgftl. Hl ougsteÿf sgrál oÿai sg gstlbhgog gsg vlhir
oiagroelh se oifjirag lh efoesi ? `gh lrtáouhi <5 y lh efoesi 3 `gh lrtáouhi
??, gs rgqueseti aáfeai `gh loti oifstetutevi y `gh lsegfti `g efsorepoeÿf,

<0<
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

hl ef`eoloeÿf `gh vlhir `gh begf loir`l`i gftrg hls plrtgs i kl`i (fi `eog
l klrsg) pir uf tgrogri `g oiaûf lougr`i.
^gri ¹queåf `gtgraeflrì gsg vlhir oiagroelh lh aiagfti `g hl vgftl9
¹\uezì gh rgprgsgftlftg9 ¹\uå clrlftáls tegfg gh pripegtlrei `gh begf rgs-
pgoti `g ghhl9 Hl Hgy ibvel ti`i gsti, qug`lf`i `gspritgce`i gh `gu`ir
oifstetuygftg.
Lh rgcuhlr hl vgftl gxtrlku`eoelh, hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel gf
gh efoesi 7 `gh lrtáouhi 03 sglhl qug Gf fefcûf olsi pi`rì suspgf`grsg
hl vgftl `gh begf augbhg ljgoti gf clrlftál aibehelrel, slhvi qug gh `gu`ir
olfoghg gh eftgcri `g hl `gu`l´.
Gsti quegrg `goer qug hl ûfeol jiral `g gvetlr hl vgftl, lsá oiai hl
l`ku`eoloeÿf, gs plclf`i gh áftgcri `g hl `gu`l. ^gri, ¹quå plsl se gh `gu
`gu--
`ir ougsteifl hl gxestgfoel, gxecebehe`l` i oulftál `g hl `gu`l9 Lbsihu-
tlagftg fl`l, pugs gh aesai efoesi gstlbhgog qug oulhquegr oiftrivgrsel
rgspgoti `gh aifti i `g hl gxtgfseÿf `g lhcufi `g his crlvìagfgs sgrì
rgsughtl pir gh Kugz gspgoelhezl`i gf hi Oeveh, gf hl vál sualráseal, oif-
oif -
jirag lh Oÿ`eci ^riogslh Oeveh, sef suspgf`grsg hl vgftl `gh begf augbhg
ljgoti gf clrlftál aibehelrel.
Oiai oiapgfsloeÿf l `eoml eapisebehe`l`, gh hgceshl`ir gstlbhgog, gf
gh efoesi 3 `gh lrtáouhi 03, qug gh lorgg`ir gs oeveh y pgflhagftg rgspifsl-
rgspifsl-
bhg `g hl gxestgfoel, gxecebehe`l` y oulftál `g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l lh
tegapi `g hl vgftl `gh begf augbhg crlvl`i.
Hl `espiseoeÿf gs, sef `u`l, rgetgrltevl pirqug, hi `ecl i fi hl Hgy `g
hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel, ti`i lorgg`ir qug sg gfrequgog sef olusl y priviol
`lis vl l rgspif`gr sgcûf gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, y se su oif`uotl oifcurl ehá-
ehá-
oeti pgflh rgspif`grì pgflhagftg . (<27)

(<27) fûtehagftg sg eftgftl bref`lr agolfesais `g pritgooeÿf l jlvir `gh `gu`ir`gu`i r gf gh efoesi 3.  rgslhtl
rgslhtl--
ais hi efûteh `gh efoesi, pugs hls firals cgfgrlhgs `g rgspifslbehe`l` oeveh, rgsuhtlf aìs qug suoegf-
suoegf-
tgs se gh lotulr `ihisi i ouhpisi `gh lorgg`ir oluslrg uf `li efkusti lh `gu`ir. Fi mly rlzÿf plrl
sglhlr `g alfgrl gxpháoetl hl rgspifslbehe`l`
rgspifsl behe`l` oeveh rghltevl l hl gxestgfoel y oulftál `g hl ibhecloeÿf.
Hi aesai pi`gais lralr gf hi qug oifoegrfg l hl rgspifslbehe`l` pgflh. _e gh lorgg`ir oiagtg uf
`gheti, rgsuhtl gve`gftg g efougsteiflbhg qug sgrì pgflhagftg rgspifslbhg. \uegf oiagtg uf `gheti,
`gbgrál sgr slfoeifl`i pir hi `espugsti gf hl hgy pgflh, sg ef`equg i fi tlh rgspifslbehe`l` gf hl Hgy
`g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel i gf oulhquegr firal oeveh.
¹ quå `ghetis sg pi`rál oiagtgr9
Orggais qug pi`rál eaputlrsg gh `gheti oiftgfe`i gf gh lrtáouhi <5>;

<02
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Orggais qug mlbrál qug gfoiftrlr ufl jÿrauhl `g gquehebrei, y fi

fgclr l rp eire qug hls qugkls `gh `gu`ir (i `gh ihve`l`i pripegtlrei) pu`eg-
rlf suspgf`gr hl vgftl gxtrlku`eoelh i hl l`ku`eoloeÿf lh lorgg`ir `gh begf
augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel.

_e mlbegf`i trlfsourre`i sgsgftl `áls `gs`g hl fiteoloeÿf `g hl olrtl

fitlrelh lh `gu`ir y, gf su olsi lh oifstetuygftg y lh rgprgsgftlftg, gh begf
augbhg fi mubegsg se`i vgf`e`i, gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i pi`rì siheoetlr hl
gkgouoeÿf ku`eoelh, gf ouyi olsi gh kugz fiteolrì gh alf`lti `g gkgouoeÿf
lh `gu`ir, ir`gflf`i qug plcug hl `gu`l `gftri `g trgs `áls, blki lpgroebe-
aegfti `g priog`grsg lh rgaltg `gh begf `l`i gf clrlftál, `g oifjirae`l`
oif gh lrtáouhi 32< `gh Oÿ`eci ^riogslh Oeveh.
^ir ûhteai, sg ml rgcuhl`i gh ploti oiaesirei. _e hls plrtgs mubegsgf
loir`l`i qug gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i pug`l l`ku`eolrsg hl pripeg`l` `gh
begf augbhg clrlftezl`i,
clrlftezl`i, pri`uoe`i gh efouapheaegfti,
efouapheaegfti, gh lorgg`ir
lorgg`ir clrlf-
tezl`i `gbgrì oiaufeolr fitlrelhagftg lh `gu`ir y lh rgprgsgftlftg y, `g
sgr gh olsi, lh oifstetuygftg y lh `gpisetlrei, gh aifti `gtlhhl`i `g hl ibhe-
cloeÿf clrlftezl`l fi plcl`l y gh vlhir `gh begf augbhg ljgoti gf clrlftál
aibehelrel loir`l`i pir hls plrtgs.
_e gh vlhir `gh begf clrlftezl`i jugrl agfir qug gh aifti `g hl `gu`l,
gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i pi`rì gxecer gh slh`i ag`elftg hl gaeseÿf `g uf
tátuhi vlhir. @g itri hl`i, se gh vlhir `gh begf clrlftezl`i gxog`egrl gh
aifti `g hl `gu`l, gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i `gbgrì plclr hl `ejgrgfoel lh
rgprgsgftlftg. pgrl`l hl l`ku`eoloeÿf `gh begf augbhg, gh lorgg`ir clrlf-
clrlf-
tezl`i `gbgrì plclr gh orå`eti `g his lorgg`irgs clrlftezl`is qug hi prgog-
`gf gf gh rlfci.

Lrtáouhi <5>.-
<5>.- «pripelo
pripeloef
ef ehoetl oiaf
oiaf
Gh qug, gf su privgomi i `g uf tgrogri, sg lpripel ef`gbe`lagftg `g uf begf augbhg, ufl sual `g
`efgri i uf vlhir qug ml rgoebe`i gf `gpÿseti, oiaeseÿf, l`aefestrloeÿf u itri tátuhi sgagklftg qug
pri`uzol ibhecloeÿf `g gftrgclr, `gvihvgr, i mlogr uf usi `gtgraefl`i, sgrì rgpreae`i oif pgfl pre- pre-
vltevl `g hebgrtl` fi agfir `g `is fe alyir `g oultri lüisis .
_e gh lcgftg ibrl gf olhe`l` `g ourl`ir, tutir, lhblogl, sáf`eoi, `gpisetlrei ku`eoelh i gf gh gkgroeoei
`g ufl prijgseÿf i ef`ustrel plrl hl oulh tgfcl tátuhi i lutirezloeÿf ioelh, hl pgfl sgrì prevltevl `g
hebgrtl` fi agfir `g trgs fe alyir `g sges lüis
is .
Oulf`i gh lcgftg sg lpripel `g begfgs `gstefl`is lh luxehei `g pibhloeifgs
pibhloeif gs qug sujrgf hls oifsgougf-
oifsgougf -
oels `g `gslstrgs flturlhgs u itris seaehlrgs hl pgfl sgrì prevltevl `g hebgrtl` fi agfir `g oultri fe
alyir `g `egz lüis ´.
Ghhi, `gbe`i l qug sg mlog rgjgrgfoel l hl lpripeloeÿf `g ufl sual `g `efgri (hl oulh sgrál gh rgsuh -
tl`i `gh rgaltg).

<0?
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

<.=. uìh gs hl sihuoeÿf plrl rgsihvgr his oifeotis gftrg lorgg`irgs

lorgg`ir tetuhlr `g ufl clrlftál oiftrl lorgg`ir uericrljlrei
lorgg`ir
lorgg `ir tetuhlr `g ufl
uf l lr
l
cr lftál oiftrl
oiftrl itr
itrii lorgg
lorgg`ir
`ir tet
tetuhlr
uhlr `g uf
ufll
clrlftál sibrg gh aesai begf
begf lorgg`ir tetuhlr `g ufl clrlftál sibrg
uf begf oiftrl lorgg`ir tetuhlr `g ufl c l r lft
lr lftál
ál si
sibr
brgg uf oifkufti
oifkufti
`g begfgs
begfgs gf gh oulh
oulh gstìo iaprgf`e`i gh preagr begf)9
begf)9

ly qug rgslhtlr gf hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel gh åfjlses qug sg

`l l hl efsorepoeÿf rgcestrlh, hi qug ml hhgvl`i l orglr gh Rgcestri Aibehel-
Aibehel-
rei `g Oiftrltis y, l`gaìs, gh _estgal ftgcrl`i `g lrlftáls y Oiftrl-
Oiftrl-
tis. rloels l qug gf gh ^grû, `g lougr`i l hi `espugsti gf hl rgjgre`l Hgy,
Hgy,
ti`l clrlftál pug`g efsorebersg, gh tgal `g hl prghloeÿf sg tirfl aìs ohlri.
Gf gjgoti, oiai yl mgais agfoeifl`i, gh lrtáouhi 27 `g hl Hgy `g hl
lrlftál Aibehelrel prgsorebg qug hl clrlftál aibehelrel oifgrg lh lorgg-
lorgg-
`ir clrlftezl`i prgjgrgfoel sibrg hl blsg `g hl jgoml `g su efsorepoeÿf gf
gh Rgcestri oirrgspif`egftg.
Oulf`i sg mubegsgf oifstetue`i clrlftáls aibehelrels suogsevls sibrg
gh aesai begf augbhg, hl prgjgrgfoel `g oifjirae`l` oif gh lrtáouhi
2: sg rgcuhl `g lougr`i l hl jgoml `g efsorepoeÿf gf gh Rgcestri oirrgs-
pif`egftg.
@g gstl jiral, his oifeotis gftrg lorgg`irgs (oiai pi`rál sgr gh olsi
`g uf lorgg`ir tetuhlr `g ufl clrlftál oiftrl uf lorgg`ir quericrljlrei,
gh `g uf lorgg`ir tetuhlr `g ufl clrlftál oiftrl itri lorgg`ir tetuhlr `g
ufl clrlftál sibrg gh aesai begf, gh `g uf lorgg`ir tetuhlr `g ufl clrlf-
tál sibrg uf begf oiftrl uf lorgg`ir tetuhlr `g ufl clrlftál sibrg uf oif-
kufti `g begfgs
rgsughvgf gf gh oulh
ltgf`egf`i, gstì oiaprgf`e`i
segaprg gh preagrl begf,
y gf ûhteal efstlfoel, gftrg
hl jgoml `gitris)
efsorepsg-
efsorep-
oeÿf gf gh Rgcestri.

<.5. uìh gs hl goloel `g hl clrlftál gf olsi `g priog`eaegfti `g ef -

sihvgfoel i `g uegbrl

Gf prefoepei, hl rgchl cgfgrlh gs qug gh lorgg`ir ouyl jgoml `g efsorep-

efsorep-
oeÿf gf gh Rgcestri sgl lftgreir, tgf`rì prgjgrgfoel sibrg gh begf clrlfte-
clrlfte -
zl`i. _ef gablrci, trltìf`isg `g uf priog`eaegfti oifourslh hl goloel
`g hl clrlftál gs `esteftl.

<00
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Hl Hgy gfgrlh `gh _estgal Oifourslh (<2:) gstlbhgog, pugs, qug his
lorgg`irgs sgrìf plcl`is oifjirag lh secuegftg ir`gf `g prghloeÿf;
<) Hls ibhecloeifgs hlbirlhgs, efohuygf`i his orå`etis pir lpirtgs eapl-
cis lh _estgal ^revl`i `g ^gfseifgs
2) Hls `gu`ls
`gu`ls pir lheagftis, mlstl pir gh aifti `g ufl W
W
?) His orå`etis rgsplh`l`is oif clrlftáls rglhgs i gablrcis
0) His orå`etis `g irecgf trebutlrei `gh Gstl`i
7) His `gaìs orå`etis sgcûf su lftecg`l`.
Gf gstg fugvi gsogflrei, se gh heque`l`ir, hugci `g gjgotulr his plcis
l his lorgg`irgs gf gh ir`gf sglhl`i, oiaprugbl hl gxtefoeÿf `gh pltre-
pltre -
aifei `gh `gu`ir qug`lf`i lûf lorgg`irgs pgf`egftgs `g plci, `gbgrì

(<2:) Gf his priog`eaegftis `g `esihuoeÿf y heque`loeÿf `g gaprgsls, gh ir`gf `g prgjgrgfoel gf gh plci l

his lorgg`irgs sg recg sgcûf gh lrtáouhi 02, r`gf `g prgjgrgfoel, fuagrlh 02.<. `g hl Hgy F» 23=>5,
Hgy gfgrlh `gh _estgal Oifourslh, ouyi tgxti gs gh secuegftg;
Lrtáouhi 02.-
02.- «Ir`gf `g pr gj
gjgr
grgf
gfoe
oel
l
02.< Gf his priog`eaegftis `g `esihuoeÿf y heque`loeÿf,
heque`lo eÿf, gh ir`gf `g prgjgrgfoel gf gh plci `g his orå-
orå -
`etis gs gh secuegftg;
^reagri; Rgaufgrloeifgs y bgfgoeis sioelhgs l`gu`l`is
l`gu`l`i s l his trlblkl`irgs, lpirtgs eaplcis lh _es-
_es-
tgal ^revl`i `g ^gfseifgs i l his rgcáagfgs prgveseiflhgs l`aefestrl`is pir hl oefl `g Firal -
hezloeÿf ^rgveseiflh - F^, hl Olkl `g gfgoeis y _gcure`l` _ioelh `gh ^gsol`ir u itris rgcáagfgs
prgveseiflhgs orgl`is pir hgy `gu`l gxecebhg lh _gcuri _ioelh `g _lhu` - G__LHW@ qug sg gfougf-gfougf -
trl gf gkgouoeÿf oilotevl rgspgoti `g hls oulhgs sg mlyl ir`gfl`i ag`e`ls olutghlrgs lsá oiai his
eftgrgsgs y clstis qug pir tlhgs oifogptis pu`egrlf ireceflrsg. His lpirtgs eaplcis lh _estgal ^re- ^re -
vl`i `g ^gfseifgs efohuygf his oifogptis l qug sg rggrg gh lrtáouhi ?> `gh @gorgti Hgy F» 27=53,
oif gxogpoeÿf
_gcuf`i; `g hls oiaeseifgs
His orå`etis oibrl`ls pir hl l`aefestrloeÿf `g his jif`is prevl`is
lheagftlreis. prevl`i s `g pgfseifgs.
grogri; His orå`etis clrlftezl`is oifoi f mepitgol, clrlftál aibehelrel, lfteorgses, lrrlfts, `grgomi
`grg omi `g
rgtgfoeÿf i ag`e`ls olutghlrgs qug rgoleclf sibrg begfgs `gh `gu`ir, segaprg qug hl clrlftál oirrgs-oirrgs-
pif`egftg mlyl se`i oifstetue`l i hl ag`e`l olutghlr
ol utghlr oirrgspif`egftg mlyl se`i trlbl`l oif lftgrei-
lftg rei-
re`l` l hl jgoml `g pubheoloeÿf l qug sg rggrg gh Lrtáouhi ?2. Hls oetl`ls clrlftáls i crlvìagfgs, `g
sgr gh olsi, `gbgrìf gstlr efsoretls gf gh rgcestri lftgs `g `eoml jgoml, plrl sgr ipifebhgs l hl alsl `g
lorgg`irgs. Gstis orå`etis alftegfgf gh prgsgftg ir`gf `g prgjgrgfoel luf oulf`i his begfgs qug his
clrlftezlf sglf vgf`e`is i l`ku`eol`is plrl olfoghlr orå`etis `g ÿr`gfgs lftgreirgs, pgri sÿhi mlstl
gh aifti `g rglhezloeÿf i l`ku`eoloeÿf `gh begf qug clrlftezlbl his orå`etis .
Oulrti; His orå`etis `g irecgf trebutlrei `gh
` gh Gstl`i, efohue`is his `gh _gcuri _ioelh `g _lhu` - G__L-
G__L-
HW@ qug fi sg gfougftrgf oiftgaphl`is gf gh preagr ir`gf `g prgjgrgfoel sglf trebutis, auhtls
eftgrgsgs, airls, oistls y rgolrcis.
uefti; His orå`etis fi oiaprgf`e`is gf his ÿr`gfgs prgog`gftgs y hl plrtg `g his orå`etis trebutl -
reis qug, oifjirag lh hetgrlh `) `gh fuagrlh 0=.? `gh Lrtáouhi 0=, sglf trlfsjgre`is `gh oulrti lh quefti
ir`gf y gh slh`i `g his orå`etis `gh tgrogr ir`gf qug gxog`egrlf `gh vlhir `g rglhezloeÿf i l`ku`eol -
oeÿf `gh begf qug clrlftezlbl `eomis orå`etis (gh subrlyl`i gs fugstri).

<07
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

siheoetlr lftg gh Kugz Gspgoelhezl`i gf hi Oiagroelh hl `gohlrloeÿf ku`eoelh

`g quegbrl `g hl gaprgsl oifoursl`l.
^rgsgftl`l hl `galf`l `g quegbrl, gh kugz, `gftri `g his trgeftl `áls
mìbehgs y prgvel vgreoloeÿf `g hl gxtefoeÿf `gh pltreaifei, sef aìs trìaetg
`gohlrlrì hl quegbrl, hl gxtefoeÿf `g hl gaprgsl y hl efoibrlbehe`l` `g sus
`gu`ls.

2. CLRLF
CLRLFPÁL_
PÁL_ _IB
_IBRG
RG HI_ AWGB
AWGBHG_
HG_ EFOIR^I
EFOIR^IRLHG_
RLHG_

2.<. _ibrg u tepis `g begfgs efoirpirlhgs pug`g oifogrfer hl clrlftál

(orå`e
(orå`etis
tis,, plr
plrtgs
tgs sioelhg
sioelhgss y loo
looeifgs,
eifgs, pri
pripeg
peg`l`
`l`gs
gs eftghgotulhgs
eftghgotulhgs,, lot
lote-
e-
vis efoirpirlhgs
efoirpirlhgs `g hl gaprgsl,g
gaprgsl,g to.)9

Oifjirag lh lrtáouhi 0 `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel, hl clrlf-

clrlf-
tál aibehelrel pug`g oifstetuersg sibrg ufi i vlreis begfgs augbhgs gspg-
oáois, sibrg oltgciráls cgfåreols `g begfgs augbhgs i sibrg hl titlhe`l`
`g his begfgs augbhgs `gh oifstetuygftg `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel, sglf prg-
sgftgs i juturis, oirpirlhgs i efoirpirlhgs.
Gf tlh sgfte`i, pug`gf sgr ibkgti `g clrlftál aibehelrel his secuegf-
tgs begfgs;
<) His vgmáouhis tgrrgstrgs `g oulhquegr ohlsg.
2) Hls jugrzls flturlhgs susogptebhgs `g lpripeloeÿf.
?) Hls oifstruooeifgs gf tgrrgfi lkgfi mgomls plrl uf
uf f tgapirlh.

0) His altgrelhgs
altgrelhgs `g oifstruooeÿf
oifstruooeÿf i priog`gftgs `g ufl `gaiheoeÿf se fi
gstìf ufe`is lh sughi.
7) His efvgftlreis, gståf oifstetue`is pir begfgs jufcebhgs i fi jufcebhgs.
:) Gh slh`i
slh`i `g ougftls blfolrels, `gpÿsetis blfolreis, ougftls `g lmi-
lmi-
rri i ogrteol`is `g `gpÿseti l phlzi gf blfois u itrls gfte`l`gs
flfoegrls.
3) Oifioeaegftis `g gablrqug i tátuhis `g lfìhicl flturlhgzl.
=) Hls looeifgs i plrteoeploeifgs
plrteoeploeifgs gf sioeg`l`gs i lsioeloeifgs,
lsioeloeifgs, lufqug
sglf pripegtlrels `g begfgs efaugbhgs.

<0:
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

5) His `grgomis
`grgomis pltreaifelhgs
pltreaifelhgs `g lutir,
lutir, `g efvgftir
efvgftir,, `g pltgftg, fiabrgs
fiabrgs
oiagroelhgs, alrols y itris seaehlrgs.
<>) His orå`etis, oif i sef clrlftál aibehelrel.
aibehelrel.

<<) His tátuhis vlhirgs

oif mepitgol `g oulhquegr gf
i his efstruagftis ohlsg
his efohuygf`i lqughhis
qug oifstg hl laplr
laplrl`is
tetuhlre`l` `gl`is
orå-
`etis i `grgomis pgrsiflhgs, gxogpti his omgqugs.
<2) His begfgs augbhgs juturis.
<?) Hls pÿhezls `g sgcuri.
<0) Gh `grgomi `g ibtgfgr jrutis i pri`uotis
pri`uotis `g oulhquegr begf.
<7) i`i tepi `g alqueflrel i gquepi qug
qug oifsgrvg su olrìotgr aibehelrei.
<:) His `grgomis l `eve`gf`is i l utehe`l`gs
utehe`l`gs `g sioeg`l`gs.
<3) i`i begf augbhg `l`i gf lrrgf`laegfti flfoegri i lrrgf`l`i.
<=) Hls oifogseifgs prevl`ls qug sglf augbhgs y qug fi tgfclf olrìotgr
pgrsiflháseai.
<5) Hls flvgs y lgriflvgs.
2>) His piftifgs, phltljirals
phltljirals y g`eoeis itlftgs.
itlftgs.
2<) Hls hioiaitirls, vlcifgs y `gaìs altgrelh
altgrelh ri`lftg ljgoti lh sgrveoei
`g jgrriolrrehgs.
22) Gf cgfgrlh, ti`is his begfgs augbhgs, rgcestrl`is i fi rgcestrl`is,
gxogpti hls rgaufgrloeifgs, gh jif`i `g oiapgfsloeÿf pir tegapi `g
sgrveoeis, his lrrlfts y his Ogrteol`is `g @gpÿseti.
Fi pug`gf sgr ibkgti `g clrlftál aibehelrel; hls rgaufgrloeifgs,
gh jif`i `g oiapgfsloeÿf pir tegapi `g sgrveoeis (O_), his lrrlfts,
his ogrteol`is `g `gpÿseti, his begfgs augbhgs efgablrclbhgs l qug sg
rggrg gh lrtáouhi :0= `gh Oÿ`eci ^riogslh Oeveh (pltreaifei jlaehelr, beg-
beg-
fgs `g usi pgrsiflh y prijgseiflh, rgaufgrloeifgs y pgfseifgs `gstefl-
`gstefl -
`ls lh ouapheaegfti `g ibhecloeifgs lheagftlrels), his jif`is `g pgfsei-
pgfsei -
fgs y his rgoursis qug oifstetuygf gh gfolkg blfolrei, `g oifjirae`l` oif

<03
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

gh lrtáouhi <:? `g hl Hgy gfgrlh `gh _estgal eflfoegri y `gh _estgal `g

_gcuris, Hgy F» 2:3>2(<23).

2.2. Oif rghloeÿf l hl clrlftál

clrlf tál aibehelrel
a ibehelrel sibrg begfgs
begf gs efoirpirl-
ef oirpirl-
hgs xestg uf rceagf oiaûf i plrteouhlr uìh gs gh rceagf
`g @grgoi oiaûf gf olsi fgcltevi uìhgs sif his rgcáagfgs
plrteou hlrgs9

Gh lrtáouhi 0 `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel, `gsoreti gf hl prg-

prg -
cuftl lftgreir, tegfg pir flhe`l` gstlbhgogr his begfgs augbhgs qug sg
gfougftrlf oiaprgf`e`is gf ghhl y qug, pir gf`g, sif susogptebhgs `g crl-
vlrsg. rls hggr hl preagrl plrtg `g hl firal, qug pug`g olheolrsg oiai
eftri`uotirel, qug`l ohlri qug hl e`gl qug subylog l gstg prgogpti gs hl `g
lblrolr hl alyir olfte`l` `g begfgs.
Gf gsg ir`gf `g e`gls, sg ef`eol qug hl clrlftál aibehelrel sg pug`g
oifstetuer sibrg lqughhis begfgs qug sglf prgsgftgs i juturis, oirpirlhgs i
efoirpirlhgs.
_ef gablrci, tlh gfuagrloeÿf `g his `esteftis tepis `g begfgs (prg-
(prg -
sgftgs, juturis, oirpirlhgs g efoirpirlhgs) fi tegfg pir ibkgti bref`lr
ufl rgcuhloeÿf gspgoáol plrl ol`l ufi `g ghhis, gf hi qug rgspgotl l hl
clrlftál aibehelrel l oifstetuer. Gf gh ^grû, ti`ls gsls clrlftáls sg rgcu-
hlf blki hl `gfiaefloeÿf `g clrlftál aibehelrel, tgfegf`i uf råceagf
hgclh ufetlrei.
Gf oifsgougfoel, gh trltlaegfti `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel sibrg beg-
fgs efoirpirlhgs, sg recg pir hls rgchls oiftgfe`ls gf hl Hgy `g hl Clrlf-
tál Aibehelrel.
pufti ^ir tlh rgsughtls
sif eculhagftg aitevi, hls
oif`gaìs eftgrriclftgs
gh lfìheses
lfìheses phlftgl`ls
s gfgfhl gstg
qug `gslrrihhlais
`gslrrihhlai pre-
agrl plrtg `g gstg olpátuhi, lh oulh fis rgaeteais gf gstg gxtrgai.

(<23) Hgy gfgrlh `gh _estgal eflfoegri y `gh _estgal `g _gcuris;

Lrtáouhi <:?.-
<:?.- «ifstetuoef g efgalrclehe`l` `g his gfolgs
His gfolkgs sÿhi pug`gf gstlr oifstetue`is pir;
<. @efgri gf gjgotevi, gf olkl `g hl gaprgsl `g qug sg trltg y,
2. @gpÿsetis gf gh lfoi Ogftrlh.
Hl aifg`l gxtrlfkgrl fi pug`g oifstetuer gfolkg `g ibhecloeifgs gf aifg`l floeiflh, fe veogvgrsl.
Hls suals qug oifjiralf gh gfolkg gxece`i l hls gaprgsls `gh sestgal flfoegri
flf oegri sif efgablrclbhgs.
^lrl gjgotis `g su oìhouhi, `eomls suals sif gquevlhgftgs lh gfolkg gxecebhg rgcestrl`i gf gh ûhteai
rgpirtg `g gfolkg `espifebhg´.

<0=
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

?. GH @GRGOMI @G RGPGFOEßF

?.<. uìhgs sif his rguesetis `gh `grgoi `g rgtgfoeÿf Lolsi sÿhi
oifoegrfg l hls oisls oirpirlhgs i pug`g gxt gf`g
gf`grs
rsgg l hls
hls oi
oisl
slss

efoirpirlhgs9
Oifjirag lh lrtáouhi <<2? `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh pgrulfi ^ir gh `grgomi
`g rgtgfoeÿf uf lorgg`ir rgtegfg gf su pi`gr gh begf `g su `gu`ir se su
orå`eti fi gstì suoegftgagftg clrlftezl`i. Gstg `grgomi priog`g gf his
olsis qug gstlbhgog hl hgy i oulf`i mlyl oifgxeÿf gftrg gh orå`eti y gh begf
qug sg rgtegfg´.
Gh `grgomi `g rgtgfoeÿf gs uf `grgomi rglh `g clrlftál `ejgrgftg l hl
mepitgol y l hl clrlftál aibehelrel(<2=). Hl rgtgfoeÿf fi sÿhi sg alfegstl
oiai uf váfouhi auy gstrgomi gftrg hl oisl y su tgfg`ir, sefi qug l`g-
aìs åstg cizl `g uf `grgomi qug gs ipifebhg l tgrogris4 vlhg `goer, gs grcl
iafgs. Gf gh ^grû gh hgceshl`ir efoirpirÿ gh `grgomi `g rgtgfoeÿf gf gh
tátuhi  `g hl _gooeÿf Oulrtl `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, rgjgre`l l his @grgomis
Rglhgs `g lrlftál, oif hi oulh loicg `eoml curl `gftri `gh sestgal `g
fua grus ohlu s qug oiftgaphl
s u oiftgaphl fugstrl hgceshloeÿf oeveh plrl his `grgomis
`grgomis
rglhgs.
Huorgoel Alesom if uabih`t(<25) sglhÿ qug hl flturlhgzl kurá`eol
`g hl rgtgfoeÿf gs hl `g uf `grgomi rglh.
His rgquesetis qug `gbgf vgreolrsg plrl qug sg pug`l gkgrogr hl rgtgf-
rgtgf-
oeÿf `g uf begf sif his secuegftgs(<?>);

<) ug gh rgtgfg`ir

yl qug mlyl gftrl`i
`g hi oiftrlrei gf pisgseÿf
gh pripegtlrei `gheftgrpifgr
pug`g begf `g alfgrl háoetl,
ufl looeÿf

(<2=) L fevgh `g hl kurespru`gfoel pgrulfl sg ml sglhl`i qug Hl rgtgfoeÿf gs uf `grgomi rglhrgl h `g clrlftál,
qug sihlagftg priog`g gf his olsis gf qug gstlbhgog hl hgy i oulf`i mlyl oifgxeÿf altgrelh i kurá -
`eol gf gh preagr olsi, gh `grgomi `g orå`eti surcg `g hl efvgrseÿf altgrelh sibrg hl oisl, oiai gf gh
olsi `g hls agkirls4 gf gh sgcuf`i olsi, gh `grgomi `gh orå`eti surcg oiai oifsgougfoel `g hl oif-
sgrvloeÿf kurá`eol `gh vlhir `g hl oisl, oiai oulf`i gh pisgg`ir ml oiaprl`i ufl sgrve`uabrg, ml
gxtefcue`i ufl mepitgol Ols. F» 0><-55.
(<25) AL_O F WAH@, Huorgoel. His @grgomis Rglhgs. Heal; _tu`eua, <5=0, tgrogrl g`e- g`e -
oeÿf, p. <3?.
(<?>) A_^RGL HG, Olrhis L. Gf `eci eeh iagftl`i. Heal; logtl Kurá`eol, 2>>?, tiai , ,
p. <>5<.

<05
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

rgevef`eoltirel, jlouhtl` oif hl qug cizl prgoeslagftg pir istgftlr

`eoml olhe`l`.
2) ug gxestl uf orå`eti l jlvir `gh rgtgfg`ir ouyi `gu`ir
`gu`ir sgl gh pripeg-
pripeg-
tlrei `gh begf altgrel `g lpi`grlaegfti. @eomi orå`eti `gbg sgr l`g-
l`g -
aìs `g oegrti, gxecebhg.
?) ug gh begf altgrel `g rgtgfoeÿf pug`l sgr
sgr olheol`i oiai ufl oisl
oirpirlh, gsti gs, qug gh begf ouyl tgfgfoel sg gfougftrl gf pi`gr `gh
`gu`ir `g su gftrgcl, pug`l sgr tlfcebhg.
0) ug gxestl ufl oifgxeÿf gftrg hl oisl rgtgfe`l y gh orå`eti
orå`eti qug efviol
gh rgtgfg`ir. Gstg gstrgomi váfouhi `gbg gxester fgogslrelagftg plrl
qug hl rgtgfoeÿf sgl oifse`grl`l oiai tlh `g hi oiftrlrei, gstlrál-
gstlrál-
ais lftg ufl lpripeloeÿf eháoetl i ufl usurploeÿf, sgcûf sgl gh olsi.
Gsti secfeol qug hl ibhecloeÿf efouaphe`l `gbg tgfgr oiai rlzÿf
kusteoltevl
kusteo ltevl ufl oif`uot
oif`uotll oifsestgft
oif sestgftgg gf `lr, mlogr i fi mlogr rglhe
rglhe--
zl`l pir gh rgtgfg`ir y oif aitevi `g hl oulh sg hg `gbl gh plci qug
rgohlal.
7) ug gh begf rgtgfe`i sg gfougftrg
gfougftrg `gftri `gh oiagroei, vlhg `goer,
`goer, qug
hl oisl rgtgfe`l sltesjlcl lhcûf eftgrås y qug tgfcl lhcûf ibkgtevi qug
pug`l sgr vgreol`i, fi sÿhi pir quegf rgohlal su gftrgcl, sefi pir uf
fûagri phurlh `g pgrsifls.
Lmirl begf, ¹gh `grgomi `g rgtgfoeÿf pug`g rgolgr sibrg begfgs oirpi-
oirpi-
rlhgs i efoirpirlhgs9
Lh rgspgoti, `gbgais ef`eolr qug gh lrtáouhi <<2? `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh
sglhl
gxester qug
ufl pug`g sgr rghloeÿf
gstrgoml altgrel `g
`grgtgfoeÿf oulhquegr
olrìotgr rglh gftrg begf.
gh ibkgti^lrl ghhi, `gbg
rgtgfe`i y gh
orå`eti ouyi plci rgohlal gh rgtgfg`ir4 grci , tlh váfouhi sÿhi sgrál pise-
pise -
bhg oif uf `grgomi rglh, y gf tlfti gh begf tgfcl ufl
ufl prgsgfoel jáseol y sgl
jlotebhg su tgfgfoel.
Hi lftgreir `gtgraefl qug pi`lais lralr qug gh `grgomi `g rgtgf- rgtgf-
oeÿf pug`g sgr gkgroe`i rgspgoti `g oulhquegr oisl oirpirlh y rgspgoti `g
hls oisls efoirpirlhgs, segaprg qug ghhls sg gfougftrgf rgprgsgftl`ls gf uf
tátuhi. Gh olrìotgr altgrelh `g gsg tátuhi, gs gh qug pisebehetl qug, rgspgoti `g
gsl oisl efoirpirlh, sgl pisebhg gkgrogr gh `grgomi `g rgtgfoeÿf.

<7>
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

.2. ¹
? O uìh gs su
su flt
fltur
url
lhgzl9 G
¹ s gh rgtgfg`ir tetu
tetuhlr
hlr `g u f l vgr`l`grl
clrlftál Pegfg
Pegfg uf `grgoi `g prgjgrgfoel

Oiai sistuveais oif iolseÿf `g hl rgspugstl l hl prgcuftl lftgreir, hl

flturlhgzl kurá`eol `g hl rgtgfoeÿf gs hl `g sgr uf `grgomi rglh `g clrlftál.
Lseaesai, sg trltl uf `grgomi loogsirei lh `grgomi `g orå`eti ouyi plci
sg prgtgf`g jirzlr l trlvås `g hl tgfgfoel `g hl oisl lkgfl.
Gh rgtgfg`ir, gf tlfti alftgfcl gf su pi`gr gh begf, lotûl oiai pisgg-
`ir efag`elti4 vlhg `goer, alftegfg hl tgfgfoel `g hl oisl rgtgfe`l gf fia-
brg `g su pripegtlrei. _egf`i ghhi lsá, fi pug`g l`querer gh begf pir prgs-
prgs -
orepoeÿf pugsti qug, l pgslr `g oiftlr oif kusti tátuhi y bugfl jg, hg jlhtl hl
oif`eoeÿf ef`espgfslbhg `g pisggr oiai se jugrl pripegtlrei(<?<).
Gh rgtgfg`ir `gbg sgr oifsoegftg `g qug su `grgomi tegfg uf olrìotgr
subse`elrei. Ghhi, pir oulfti su vlhe`gz `gpgf`grì `g qug gh orå`eti fi sg
gfougftrg `gbe`lagftg clrlftezl`i.
_e begf hl rgtgfoeÿf gs uf `grgomi rglh `g clrlftál, fi sg trltl `g ufl
lutåfteol i vgr`l`grl clrlftál, sefi `g uf `grgomi `g lutitutghl pir plrtg
`gh tetuhlr `gh orå`eti. Gs pir ghhi qug gh lrtáouhi <<2: `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh prgs-
prgs-
orebg qug hl rgtgfoeÿf sg gkgroetl gf oulfti sgl suoegftg plrl sltesjlogr hl
`gu`l qug hl aitevl y ogsl oulf`i gh `gu`ir hl plcl i hl clrlftezl(<?2).
Gf oifsgougfoel, hl rgtgfoeÿf ogsl gf olsi `g qug gh `gu`ir itircug
ufl clrlftál, sgl `g flturlhgzl rglh i pgrsiflh, qug rgsuhtg suoegftg plrl
rgsplh`lr gh plci `g su `gu`l. Kufti l ghhi, gh rgtgfg`ir tgf`rál uf `grgomi
`g prgjgrgfoel gf olsi sg iptg pir hl gkgouoeÿf `gh begf.

?.?. L uef sg pug`g ipifgr gh `grgoi `g rgtgfoeÿf

Gf prefoepei, quegf gkgroetl hl rgtgfoeÿf fi pifg gf `u`l gh `grg-

`grg -
omi `gh `galf`lftg sibrg hl oisl, fe oifsecug vuhfgrlrhl4 hi qug oifse-
cug gs eapg`er hl gftrl`l `gh pripegtlrei (`gu`ir) gf pisgseÿf `gh begf. _g
trltl pugs, oiai sgül hlais lftgr
lftgreirag
eiragftg,
ftg, `g
`g uf `grgomi
`grgomi rglh `g
`g clrlftál,
clrlftál,

(<?<) AL_O F WAH@,

WAH@, Huorgoel. Ip. o et., p. <3<.
(<?2) Ojr. _GRHF
_GRHF ^LR@,
^LR@, ghepg
ghepg y Alrei OL_ HH RG RGRG RG.. «Gh plci ef`gbe`i y quegf hi
rgoebg `g bugfl jg. Gf Rgvestl Ku
Ku
r á`
á`eo
eol
l `gh
`gh ^grû
^grû, li H, F» ?:, rukehhi, kuhei `gh 2>>2,
2>> 2, pp. 35-5>.

<7<
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

`itl`i `g goloel ef rga y, oiai tlh, ipifebhg l tgrogris l`queregftgs `g

hl oisl (augbhg i efaugbhg) qug gs ibkgti `g hl rgtgfoeÿf.
Oifjirag lh lrtáouhi <> `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel, gh efoua-
efoua-
pheaegfti `g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l, itircl lh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i gh
`grgomi l l`querer hl pisgseÿf y, gf su olsi, rgtgfgr gh begf augbhg ljgo-
ljgo -
tl`i gf clrlftál.
Gf gsg ir`gf `g e`gls, gh rgtgfg`ir ûfeolagftg pi`rì ipifgr su `grg-
omi `g rgtgfoeÿf jrgftg lh tgrogri lorgg`ir qug ml gablrcl`i gh aesai
begf augbhg rgtgfe`i, oulf`i su `grgomi `g rgtgfoeÿf sg gfougftrg efsefs--
oreti gf Rgcestris.

?.0. _g trltl `g ufl clrlftál ug pug`g sgr rglhel`l ggoutl`l)

Gve`gftgagftg qug sá. Oifjirag lh lrtáouhi <<23 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh

pgrulfi, gh `grgomi `g rgtgfoeÿf sg
sg gkgroetl l trlvås `g hls secuegftgs váls;
váls;
<) Gxtrlku`eoelhagftg, rgmuslf`i hl gftrgcl `gh begf mlstl qug fi sg
ouaphl hl ibhecloeÿf pir hl oulh sg efviol
2) Ku`eoelhagftg, oiai gxogpoeÿf
gxogpoeÿf qug sg ipifg l hl looeÿf `gstefl`l l
oifsgcuer hl gftrgcl `gh begf. Gh kugz pug`g lutirezlr qug sg sustetuyl
gh `grgomi `g rgtgfoeÿf pir ufl clrlftál suoegftg.
Gh lorgg`ir, gf prefoepei, fi efeoel looeÿf ku`eoelh lhcufl vefouhl`l
lh `grgomi `g rgtgfoeÿf. _ihlagftg sg heaetl l gspgrlr qug gh pripegtl-
pripegtl-
rei (`gu`ir) hg gxekl hl gftrgcl `gh begf qug gstì gf su pi`gr plrl mlogrhg
rgoir`lr qug preagri tegfg qug sltesjlogr áftgcrlagftg hl ibhecloeÿf qug
tegfg plrl oif åh.
Gf tlh sgfte`i, oulf`i gh `grgomi `g rgtgfoeÿf sg gkgroetl gxtrlku`eoelh-
gxtrlku`eoelh-
agftg, gh ag`ei qug sg utehezl gs gh `g hl lutitutghl oiai jiral `g sihu-
sihu -
oeÿf `g oifeotis. Gve`gftgagftg, sg trltl `g ufl lutitutghl hgceteal`l pir
gh ir`gflaegfti kurá`eoi y, pir hi tlfti, gxogpoeiflh.
^ir itri hl`i, oiai sgül hl Hlalall Ai
Airgrg(<??), efeoel`i gh kueoei oif gh
ibkgti `g ibtgfgr hl rgstetuoeÿf `gh begf, gh `galf`l`i, qug sg oifse`grl

(<??) HLAL ARG,

ARG, åotir. irals `g gkgroetlr gh `grgomi `g rgtgfoeÿf. Gf; `eci eeh iagftl`i.
Heal; logtl Kurá`eol, 2>>?, p. <<<>.

<72
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

lorgg`ir `gh `galf`lftg gf vertu` `g ufl ibhecloeÿf oifgxl oif gh begf,

pug`g ipifgrsg l hl gftrgcl priaivegf`i
priaivegf`i hl gxogpoeÿf rgspgotevl.
@eoml `gjgfsl sg trltl `g ufl gxogpoeÿf sustlftevl, ouyi ibkgti fi gs
pifgr f lh `grgomi `g rgstetuoeÿf
rgstetuoeÿf qug prgtgf`g gh `galf`lftg,
`galf`lftg, sefi
sefi `ehltlr
hl gftrgcl. lh
lh gxogpoeÿf pgraetg `ejgrer hgcátealagftg hl rgstetuoeÿf `g hl
oisl, gf tlfti gh pripegtlrei (`gu`ir) fi ouaphl hl ibhecloeÿf oifgxl oif
gh begf ouyl `gvihuoeÿf rgohlal.

?.7. uìh gs hl goloel `g hl clrlftál gf olsi `g priog`eaegfti `g ef -

sihvgfoel i `g uegbrl
Jrgftg l uf supugsti gf gh oulh gh `gu`ir fi tgfcl aìs begfgs qug gh
qug gs ibkgti `g rgtgfoeÿf y gxestl oifourrgfoel `g lorgg`irgs, gf hl Gxpi-
Gxpi-
seoeÿf `g Aitevis `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh sg prgvå hl eftgrvgfoeÿf `g hls secuegf-
secuegf -
tgs pgrsifls;

<) Gh pripegtlrei `gh begf rgtgfe`i.

2) Gh rgtgfg`ir `gh begf.
?) Gh tgrogri lorgg`ir (gkgoutlftg)
(gkgoutlftg) qug siheoetl hl ag`e`l olutghlr
olutghlr `g
gablrci y,
y, pistgreiragftg, gh rgaltg `gh begf rgtgfe`i.
0) Gh l`quergftg `gh begf altgrel `g hl rgtgfoeÿf, gs `goer,
`goer, gh pistir l
quegf sg hg l`ku`eoÿ gh begf gf gh loti `g rgaltg, gh aesai qug pug`g
sgr gh pripei gkgoutlftg.
Gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, gf gh lrtáouhi <<23, sglhl qug gh `grgomi `g rgtgf-
rgtgf -
oeÿf sg gkgroetl `g alfgrl ku`eoelh i gxtrlku`eoelh;
Lrtáouhi <<23.-
<<23.- Gh `grgomi `g rgtgfoeÿf sg gkgroetl;
<.- Gxtrlku`eoelhagftg
Gxtrlku`eoelhagftg,, rgmuslf`i hl gftrgcl `gh begf mlstl qug sg
ouaphl hl ibhecloeÿf pir hl oulh sg efviol.
2.- Ku`eoelhagftg, oiai gxogpoeÿf qug sg ipifg l hl looeÿf `gste
`gste--
fl`l l oifsgcuer hl gftrgcl `gh begf. Gh kugz pug`g lutirezlr qug sg
sustetuyl gh `grgomi `g rgtgfoeÿf pir ufl clrlftál suoegftg.
^ir su plrtg, gh lrtáouhi <<2= gstlbhgog qug;
Lrtáouhi <<2=.- ^lrl qug gh `grgomi `g rgtgfoeÿf sibrg efaugbhgs
surtl gjgoti oiftrl tgrogris, `gbg sgr efsoreti gf gh rgcestri `g hl pri-
pri-
peg`l` efaugbhg.

<7?
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

_ÿhi sg pug`g gkgroetlr gh `grgomi `g rgtgfoeÿf jrgftg lh l`quergftg l

tátuhi ifgrisi qug tegfg rgcestrl`i su `grgomi `g pripeg`l`, se gh `grg-
omi `g rgtgfoeÿf gstuvi efsoreti oif lftgreire`l` l hl l`queseoeÿf.
Rgspgoti l his efaugbhgs fi efsoretis, gh `grgomi `g rgtgfoeÿf pug`g
sgr rgcestrl`i ag`elftg lfitloeÿf prgvgftevl gxtgf`e`l pir alf`lti
ku`eoelh´.
_e hi qug busol gh lorgg`ir gs clrlftezlr qug gh `gu`ir hg olfoghg su
orå`eti, rgtgfegf`i gf su pi`gr uf begf `g åstg, fi tgf`rál sgfte`i qug
`galf`g hl efsorepoeÿf `g su `grgomi `g rgtgfoeÿf. @gbgais rgoir`lr
qug sg trltl `g uf `grgomi loogsirei l hl ibhecloeÿf prefoeplh, pir hi qug,
plrl hicrlr hl lcehezloeÿf
lc ehezloeÿf `gh oibri
o ibri `gh orå`eti,
o rå`eti, gh plci
p lci `g
` g åstg
åst g gs hi qug
q ug
`gbg `galf`lrsg y, plrl gjgotis `g ipifgr hl rgtgfoeÿf `gh efaugbhg l
tgrogris, gstg `grgomi `gbg sgr efsoreti pir ag`ei `g ufl ag`e`l olutg-
hlr cgfåreol.
Lsá, gh rgtgfg`ir fi sÿhi pgralfgogrì gf pi`gr `gh efaugbhg ipi- ipi -
fegf`i golzagftg su `grgomi oiftrl tgrogris, sefi qug, `g ibtgfgr ufl
sgftgfoel jlvirlbhg lh flh `gh priogsi, pi`rì siheoetlr hl gkgouoeÿf jir-
zl`l `gh efaugbhg rgtgfe`i.

0. HL RG
RG_GRZ
_GRZL
L @G ^R
^RI^E
I^EG@L@
G@L@

0.<. f u oiftrltis hl rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l` pug`g sgr prgvestl gf ti-ti -
`is his oiftrltis trlshltevis
trlshltevis `g pripeg`l`
pripeg`l` i seaphgagftg
seaphga gftg gf hl vgftl)9
_ibrg u begfgs pug`g oifogrfer hl clrlftál

Gf gh
gxprgsl ^grû,
plrl hl rgsgrvl`g`goiaprlvgftl.
his oiftrltis pripeg`l` sgLsá,
mlhhl rgcuhl`l `g`ghalfgrl
gh trltlaegfti ploti
`g rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l` (<?0)
gstruoturlhagftg jiral plrtg `g hl _gooeÿf
_gcuf`l (Oiftrltis Fiaefl`is) `gh Hebri  sibrg ugftgs `g hls bhe- bhe-
cloeifgs `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh.

(<?0) Lh rgspgoti, gh lrtáouhi <7=? `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh sglhl qug Gf hl oiaprlvgftl pug`g plotlrsg qug gh
vgf`g`ir sg rgsgrvl hl pripeg`l` `gh begf mlstl qug sg mlyl plcl`i ti`i gh prgoei i ufl plrtg `gtgr-
aefl`l `g åh, lufqug gh begf mlyl se`i gftrgcl`i lh oiaprl`ir, quegf lsuag gh regsci `g su pår`e`l
i `gtgreiri `gs`g gh aiagfti `g hl gftrgcl. Gh oiaprl`ir l`quegrg lutiaìteolagftg gh `grgomi l hl
pripeg`l` `gh begf oif gh plci `gh eapirtg
eapi rtg `gh prgoei oifvgfe`i´.

<70
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Gf fugstrl ipefeÿf, oifse`grlais lh ploti oif rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l`

oiai lquåh pir gh oulh sg gstlbhgog qug fi sg pri`uoerì hl trlfsjgrgfoel `g
pripeg`l` `gh begf mlstl qug gh oiaprl`ir mlyl plcl`i hl titlhe`l` i ufl
plrtg `gtgraefl`l
`gtgraefl`l `gh
`gh prgoei oifvgfe`i, lufqug gh begf mubegsg se`i gftrg-
cl`i lh oiaprl`ir(<?7).
Alx Lrels-_omrgebgr ^gzgt(<?:) sistegfg qug gh ploti `g rgsgrvl `g pri-
peg`l` sg gxtegf`g, gf gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh pgrulfi, l his begfgs augbhgs g
efaugbhgs, y qug gs jrgougftg vgrhi lpheol`i gf hl oiaprlvgftl l phlzis
`g alqueflrels, vgmáouhis, gquepis `g `esteftl flturlhgzl y lrtáouhis `g usi
`iaåsteoi.
Oifvgfeais oif gh oetl`i lutir gf qug gh ploti `g rgsgrvl `g pripeg-
`l` pug`g rgolgr tlfti sibrg begfgs augbhgs, oiai sibrg efaugbhgs. _ef
gablrci, oifvegfg lohlrlr qug gf hl prìoteol rgsuhtl aìs jrgougftg qug
rgolecl sibrg efaugbhgs, gf hl ag`e`l gf qug gstis sif efsorebebhgs, y sÿhi
ufl pgqugl piroeÿf `g his begfgs augbhgs gs susogptebhg `g efsorepoeÿf.
_egf`i ghhi lsá, sÿhi uf crupi rg`uoe`i `g begfgs augbhgs, lh pi`gr sgr
efsoretis, sif susogptebhgs `g ibtgfgr hl ipifebehe`l` `g gstg ploti jrgftg
l tgrogris.

0.2. uìh gs hl flturlhgl `g hl rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l` s ug sg trltl

`g ufl vgr`l`grl c lr lftá
lr lftál
l (l
(lse
seaehl
aehlbh
bhg,
g, pi
pirr gkg
gkgaphi
aphi,, l hl pr
prgf`l
gf`l)) i
`g uf agolfesai `ejgrgftg rgueseti, traefi suspgfsevi, gto.) s- s-
pgoelhagftg,
pgoelhagf tg, ¹
pu g`g sgr trlfsaete`l
trlfsa ete`l `g phgf
phgf i `grgomi oif hl ibhecl -
oeÿf ouyi
ou yi ouaphea
oua pheaegfti
egfti gstìc
lr lftfteezl`i pir ghhl9

`l`,Oiai agfoeiflais
gh vgf`g`ir alftegfglftgreiragftg, pir`grgomi
hl tetuhlre`l` `gh gh ploti `g
`g pripeg`l`
rgsgrvl `gsibrg
pripeg-
gh
begf ibkgti `g oiaprlvgftl, mlstl qug gh oiaprl`ir rglheog gh plci `g hl
titlhe`l` i, `g sgr gh olsi, `g uf aifti `gtgraefl`i `gh prgoei oifvgfe`i.

(<?7) OL_HH RGRG, Alrei. Oiagftlreis lh Oiftrlti `g Oiapr lvgftl. Heal; logtl Kurá`eol,
2>>2, p. 275.
(<?:) LRL_-_ORGGR ^GG, Alx. cgses `gh `eci eeh pgrulfi `g . Oif hl oihlbirl-
oeÿf `g Olrhis Oìr`gfls uerÿs, Ghverl Alrtáfgz Oioi y fcghl Lrels-_omrgebgr Aiftgri. Heal; _lf
Kgrÿfeai G`eoeifgs, <5=5, tiai , pp. <<? y ss.

<77
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Wfl vgz qug gh oiaprl`ir plcl gh prgoei i hl ouitl fgogslrel plrl hl

l`queseoeÿf `g hl pripeg`l`, lutiaìteolagftg sg oifvegrtg gf tetuhlr `gh
begf. Gf ipefeÿf `g ecei Omrga(<?3), quegf l`quegrg gh begf `g lougr`i
oif gh sgcuf`i pìrrlji `gh lrtáouhi <7=? `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, hi mlog gf
jiral lutiaìteol. Fi sg rgquegrg `gohlrloeÿf ku`eoelh, fe `gohlrloeÿf l`e-
l`e -
oeiflh `gh vgf`g`ir i `g sus mgrg`gris.
_ef gablrci, rgspgoti l su flturlhgzl, hls pisturls qug ml gsbizl`i hl
`iotrefl sif `evgrsls.
Ruccgri Huzzltti(<?=) sgül hl qug
qug gxestg
gxestg ufl
ufl rgsgrvl
rgsgrvl `g pripeg`
pripeg`l`
l` oif
oif
f olutghlr (gsti gs, plrl clrlftezlr lh gflkgflftg rgspgoti lh plci `gh prg-
prg-
oei i `g itrl oiftrlprgstloeÿf), y gstl ltrebuyg lh vgf`g`ir uf `grgomi
fi auy `ejgrgftg `g his `grgomis `g clrlftál; tlh gs hl vgftl l phlzis oif
rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l`, gf hl oulh sg veshuabrl ohlrlagftg qug gh ciog gs
ltrebue`i lh oiaprl`ir, y qug sg tegfg, fgtlagftg, uf f `g clrlftál `gh
vgf`g`ir. Lcrgcl Huzzltti qug pug`g gxester ufl rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l`,
oif gh f `g ciog rgtlr`l`i `gh oiaprl`ir, `g prihifcl`i ciog `gh vgf- vgf-
`g`ir, i begf ufl vgftl qug tgfcl ufi y itri f oifkuftlagftg.  gh f `g
clrlftál `gh vgf`g`ir gs gh `g oifsgrvlr gh ciog `g hl oisl pir uf oegrti
tegapi, curl gstl qug fi sg pug`g gxohuer, pugsti qug hl hgy oifse`grl hl
gflkgfloeÿf oif rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l` oiai curl cgfgrlh.
Riqug irtuflti lrre`i y Kircg Lhbgrti lci(<?5), mlf gqueplrl`i lh
ploti oif rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l`
pripeg`l` oif gh ploti oiaesirei, `g tlh alfgrl qug,
sgcûf lralf, rgsuhtl pghecrisi, ti`l vgz qug pug`g mlogr pgr`gr lh oia-
oia-
prl`ir oif aitevi `g su efouapheaegfti ti`is his lpirtgs gjgotul`is
plrl sihvgftlr gh prgoei gstepuhl`i.
@gh aesai ai`i,
a i`i, lylr
lylr(<0>) gxpifg qug `g lougr`i oif hl hgtrl `gh lr-
táouhi <?3: `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh lrcgftefi, hl vgftl oif rgsgrvl `g `iaefei
gquevlhg l hl qug sg mlog oif ploti oiaesirei, y gftegf`g qug ghhi secfeol

(<?3) Ojr.  ORGA, Klo. Gxpiseoeÿf `g Aitevis oelh `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh. Gf; Gh ^grulfi lfi .
_gplrltl Gspgoelh, 20 `g alrzi `g <55>, p. =.
(<?=) Ojr. HWL, Ruccgri. Hl oiap r lvgftl. Al`re`; fstetuti G`etirelh RGW_, <57?, pp. 0<?-0<7.
(<?5) Ojr. LRR@, Riqug irtuflti y Kircg Lhbgrti L.L . Oiftrltis oevehgs y oiagroelhgs. ugfis
Lergs; G`etirelh Wfevgrse`l`, <5=5, p. <?>.
(<0>) Ojr. LLR, Grfgsti Ohgagftg. Oiapr lv lvgf
gftl t l. ugfis Lergs; G`etirelh Lstrgl, <5=0,
tl y gp rau
p. <02 y ss.

<7:
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

qug, gf vertu` `gh lrtáouhi <?30 `gh rgjgre`i Oÿ`eci, hl vgftl oif rgsgrvl
`g `iaefei sg lseaehl l hl vgftl sukgtl l oif`eoeÿf rgsihutirel. Gsteal
pugs, qug gh mgomi oif`eoeiflftg sgrál qug gh oiaprl`ir fi plcug gh prg-
oei, y l`vegrtg qug, pir mepÿtgses, gh vgf`g`ir sg rgsgrvl gh `iaefei, gs
`goer, gh oiaprl`ir sÿhi l`quegrg `grgomis pgrsiflhgs gf oifsgougfoel,
hl rgsihuoeÿf fi pi`rál priviolr hl rgvioloeÿf `gh `iaefei, pugs åstg fi
sg trlfsaeteÿ. Oifohuyg gftifogs, qug fi mly aìs rgag`ei qug eftgrprgtlr
qug hi qug sg rgsughvg gs ufl priagsl `g vgftl, y qug gh oiaprl`ir y gh
vgf`g`ir pegr`gf his `grgomis pgrsiflhgs gagrcgftgs `g lqughhl priagsl.
_e gh vgf`g`ir rgoebeÿ plrtg `gh prgoei `gbgrì, gf prefoepei, rgstetuerhl y se
gh efouapheaegfti `gh oiaprl`ir hg gs eaputlbhg, `gbgrì, l`gaìs, plclr
his `lüis y pgrkueoeis.
_ef gablrci, gh oetl`i prijgsir orgg qug gh sestgal `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh
`g su plás gs blstlftg oifjusi, pirqug fi sg oiaprgf`g pir quå se gh vgf-
vgf-
`g`ir suspgf`g hl trlfsaeseÿf `iaefelh, sg `gbg siagtgr hl vgftl l hl oif-
oif-
`eoeÿf rgsihutirel.
se`grl qug hl vgftl Lcrgcl qug pir
oif rgsgrvl gsi, gf @grgomi
`g `iaefei oiaplrl`i,
qug`l sukgtl sg oif-
oif -
l ufl oif`eoeÿf
suspgfsevl (pir gkgaphi, gh lrtáouhi 077 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh lhgaìf y gh lr-
táouhi <72? `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh etlhelfi `g <502), sestgal qug plrl lylr
lylr gs
ohlri y rgsuhtl auomi aìs oifvgfegftg, yl qug olptl oif recir hl gsgfoel
`g gstg ploti.
Gf tlh sgfte`i, ufl vgz ouaphe`l hl oif`eoeÿf suspgfsevl (plci), gh
fgcioei kurá`eoi oif`eoeifl`i sg oifvegrtg gf puri y seaphg. lh oiai
sgül hl Lh
Lhbl
blhl
hl`g
`gki
ki(<0<), ouaphe`l hl oif`eoeÿf suspgfsevl sg pri`uogf eps i
r g his gjgotis `gh fgcioei kurá`eoi. lh gjgoti kurá`eoi, gf fugstri olsi,
eu
gs hl trlfsjgrgfoel `gh `grgomi `g pripeg`l`.
Lh rgspgoti, @g hl ^ugftg y Hlvlhhg (<02) sistgfál qug hl trlfsjgrgfoel `g
hl pripeg`l` ipgrl lh aiagfti `gh plci `gh áftgcri `gh prgoei i `g hl plrtg
`gtgraefl`l `g lquåh qug mubegrl se`i gstlbhgoe`l pir hls plrtgs.
Fisitris fi orggais qug gf gh olsi `g hl oiaprlvgftl oif rgsgrvl
`g pripeg`l` y `gftri `g hl hgceshloeÿf pgrulfl gxestl ufl oif`eoeÿf

(<0<) LHLHL@GK, Alfugh. h gcioei ur`eoi. lroghifl; Hebrgrál isom, <57=, p. 2:0.
(<02) @G HL ^WGFG  HLLHHG, Alfugh. Gstu
Gstù
`ee is si
sib
r g gh oift
oiftrlti r lvgftl. Heal; Clogtl
rlti `g oiap
oiap
Kurá`eol, <555, p. 220.

<73
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

suspgfsevl, pugs `g l`aeter gsl mepÿtgses sg trltlrál `g ufl oif`eoeÿf `g

olrìotgr pitgstltevi, hi qug `g lougr`i lh lrtáouhi <32 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh
pgrulfi `g <5=0, mlrál fuhi gh loti.
loti.
^ir su plrtg, lhgfoel gl(<0?) sgül hl, rgsp
rgspgot
gotii lh `grgo
`grgomi
mi `gh
`gh oiaprl
oiaprl--
`ir qug ml l`quere`i oif rgsgrvl `g hl pripeg`l`, qug, gf preagr tåraefi,
gh oiaprl`ir l`quegrg hl pisgseÿf `g hl oisl y fi oulhquegr ohlsg `g pisg-
pisg -
seÿf, sefi ufl gf fiabrg pripei i pisgseÿf `g pripegtlrei.
_gcûf Lrels-_omrgebgr(<00), mly quegfgs oifse`grlf qug hl trlfsjgrgf-
trlfsjgrgf-
oel `g hl pripeg`l` gstì subir`efl`l lh ouapheaegfti `g ufl oif`eoeÿf
suspgfsevl oifsestgftg gf gh plci titlh `gh prgoei oifvgfe`i.
tri sgotir `g hl `iotrefl, pir gh oiftrlrei, lral qug gstg ploti fi gs
uf oiftrlti `g oiaprlvgftl sefi ufl priagsl `g vgftl. @g itri hl`i, gxes-
gxes-
tgf tlabeåf quegfgs lralf qug sg trltl `g ufl vgftl purl y seaphg, gf hl
qug sihlagftg gh trlsplsi `g pripeg`l` gs `ejgre`i eps i eur g, sef fgogse`l`
`g uhtgreir oifsgfteaegfti, l uf tåraefi `gtgraefl`i i l hl rglhezloeÿf `g
uf loiftgoeaegfti `gtgraefl`i´.
Lh rgspgoti, Lrels-_omrgebgr(<07) gxpifg qug gh ploti `g rgsgrvl `g pri-
peg`l` `gtgraefl qug hl trlfsjgrgfoel
trlfsjgrgfoel `g hl pripeg`l`
pripeg`l` qug`g `ejgre`l
`ejgre`l mlstl
qug gh oiaprl`ir mlyl sltesjgomi ti`i gh prgoei i hl plrtg `gtgraefl`l gf
gh oiftrlti (`ifgo pr gteua sihvltur ), `g ai`i qug, gftrg tlfti, gh vgf`g`ir
oifsgrvl gh `iaefei y oif ghhi lsgcurl su `grgomi, aegftrls qug gh oia-
prl`ir, pir su plrtg, rgoebg gh begf y hi `esjrutl, pgri fi hi efoirpirl l su
pltreaifei gf tlfti fi sg mlyl pri`uoe`i
pri`uoe`i hl olfoghloeÿf oifvgfe`l.
Lfitl qug, gf rglhe`l`, hl trlfsjgrgfoel `ejgre`l fi vegfg l sgr sefi hl
flturlh oiftrlplrte`l `gh plci `gh prgoei, tlabeåf `ejgre`i i jrlooeifl`i
gf ouitls, pir hi qug gh bgfgoei `gh phlzi i `urloeÿf jufoeifl plrl labls
plrtgs, lufqug `g `esteftl alfgrl; gh vgf`g`ir,
vgf`g`ir, gf gjgoti, oifsgrvl hl pri
pri--
peg`l` `gh begf, mlstl qug sg mlyl plcl`i gh prgoei4 gh oiaprl`ir,
oiaprl`ir, oirrghl-
tevlagftg, tegfg hl vgftlkl `g `gsphlzlr gsg plci gf gh tegapi, `g lougr`i

(<0?) Ojr. LHGFOL

LHGFOL GL, Lrturi.
Lrtu ri. @grgomi Oeveh. icitì; G`etirelh gaes, <5==, tiai , pp. <>2 y <>?.
@grgomi
(<00) Ojr. LRL_-_ORGGR ^GG, Alx. Oif hl oihlbirloeÿf `g Olrhis OR@GFL_ WR_,
Ghverl ALRFG OO y fcghl fcg hl LRL_-_ORGGR AFGR. cgses `gh `eci eeh eeh
. Heal; _lf Kgrÿfeai G`eoeifgs, tiai , p. <<7.
grulfi `g 
(<07) `ga, tiai , pp. <<? y ss.

<7=
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

oif sus pisebehe`l`gs goifÿaeols. bsgrvl qug, plrl qug gxestl hl rgsgrvl
`g hl pripeg`l`, ghhl tgf`rì qug sgr gxprgslagftg oifvgfe`l y fi gs, pugs,
`g olrìotgr jirzisi fl`l eape`g, gf gjgoti, hl oghgbrloeÿf `g ufl oiaprl-
oiaprl -
vgftl l phlzis, pgri sef rgsgrvl `g `iaefei.

Fis l`mgreais l hl piseoeÿf sistgfe`l pir Lrels-_omrgebgr,

Lrels-_omrgebgr, yl qug hl
oiaprlvgftl oif rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l` fi `gkl `g sgr ufl vgftl purl y
seaphg.
Hl jgoml `g trlfsaeseÿf `g pripeg`l` rgsuhtl errghgvlftg plrl olhe-
olhe -
olrhl oiai sukgtl l oif`eoeÿf suspgfsevl i rgsihutirel.
Lseaesai, Lrels-_omrgebgr
Lrels-_omrgebgr rggrg qug hl vlhe`gz `gh ploti `g rgsgrvl
`g `iaefei gstuvi ougsteifl`l gf gh plsl`i, tlfti lsá qug ustlvi ifg-
ifg -
hhe , ufi `g his fitlbhgs kurestls etlhelfis `g oiaegfzis `gh sechi ]],
(<0:)

hi eapucfÿ sgvgrlagftg y sistuvi qug gh gjgoti gsgfoelh `gh oiftrlti `g

oiaprlvgftl gs hl trlfsaeseÿf seauhtìfgl `g hl pripeg`l`. _ef gablrci,
ef`eol qug his trltl`estls qug hg secuegrif y hl kurespru`gfoel `gaistrlrif
gh grrir gf qug sg mlbál efourre`i, yl qug gsl seauhtlfge`l` gs ûfeolagftg
uf ghgagfti flturlh y fl`l eape`g qug hls plrtgs rgtrlsgf hl trlfsaeseÿf
`g `iaefei. @gstlol ufl ougsteÿf eapirtlftg lh sglhlr qug gf hl oiaprl-
oiaprl-
vgftl gxestg hl ibhecloeÿf `g trlfsjgrer y hl trlfsjgrgfoel aesal fi gs, gf
oifsecuegftg, uf loti ef`espgfslbhg i gsgfoelh plrl hl oghgbrloeÿf `gh oif-
oif-
trlti, sefi qug oifoegrfg aìs begf l su gkgouoeÿf.
Gf gh ^grû, gh ploti `g rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l` fi gs pripelagftg uf
`grgomi rglh `g clrlftál, ti`l vgz qug his `grgomis rglhgs tegfgf olrìotgr
`g fua grus ohlus us 4 fi ibstlftg, sá oifstetuyg ufl clrlftál plrl gh vgf`g-
`ir
oeÿf,gfpir
uflplrtg
setuloeÿf gf qug gstlrál
`gh oiaprl`ir, gxpugsti
l jlvir l his`gpghecris
`g tgrogris `g(<03)
bugfl jg hl .gflkgfl-
gflkgfl -
Jeflhagftg, gs ohlri qug gf gh ^grû gh ploti `g rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l`
pug`g sgr trlfsaete`i `g phgfi `grgomi oif hl ibhecloeÿf ouyi ouaphe
ouaphe--
aegfti gstì clrlftezl`i. Gh oiaprl`ir, pir gkgaphi, l trlvås `g ufl ogseÿf

(<0:) Ojr. FGHH, ustlvi. Oetl`i pir LRL_-_ORGGR ^GG, ^GG, Alx. Ip. o et., tiai , p. <<0.
(<03) ioomefe tlabeåf itircl l hl rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l`, ufl jufoeÿf `g clrlftál `gh vgf`g`ir se begf gh
ploti oiai loogsirei `g hl oiaprlvgftl prgsupifg hl gxestgfoel `gh oiftrlti
oi ftrlti prefoeplh, fi gxestg
efoifvgfegftg plrl qug hl clrlftál surkl fi sÿhi gf gh aiagfti `g oghgbrlrsg hl oiaprlvgftl, sefi
tlabeåf `urlftg hl gkgouoeÿf `g hl aesal mlstl gh aiagfti `gh plci titlh `gh prgoei. OOF,
Jgrflf`i. Hl vgf`etl `e e he. Aehlfi; @itt. L. ujjr, <550, p. ?20.
`e oisg aib

<75
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

`g piseoeÿf oiftrlotulh, pug`g trlfsjgrer sus `grgomis y ibhecloeifgs l itrl

pgrsifl. Gf gstg supugsti,
supugsti, hl trlfsaeseÿf
trlfsaeseÿf `gh
`gh ploti
ploti `g rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l`
sg gjgotûl `g phgfi `grgomi l hl plr oif gh bhiqug oiftrlotulh qug mlbál
oghgbrl`i efeoelhagftg gh og`gftg.

0.?
. ¹
O uìh gs sif
sif hls oif`eoeifgs
oif`eoeifgs `g
`g vlhe`g
vlhe`gzz y `g ipifebe
ipifebehe`
he`l`9
l`9 Gspgoe
Gspgoelh-
lh-
agftg, gf u aiagfti `gbg sgr gstepuhl`l ^ug`g sgr oifste -
tue`l oif pistgreire`
pistgreire`l`
l` l hl oifohuseÿf `gh oiftrlti trlsh
trlshltevi,
ltevi, i
`gbg `g sgr oifoiaetlftg s ipifebhg pir gh seaphg goi `g ug
jug gstepuhl`l i gs ug sg `gbgf ouapher
ouapher ag`e`ls `g pubheoe`l`

Gh lrtáouhi <7=0 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh pgrulfi rgcuhl hl pisebehe`l` `g qug

gh vgf`g`ir ipifcl hl rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l` l his lorgg`irgs `gh oiaprl-
`ir, gf tlfti fi sg mlyl pri`uoe`i hl trlfsjgrgfoel `g hl pripeg`l`.
Gs `goer, gf vertu` `gh ploti `g rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l`, gh vgf`g`ir oif-
sgrvl
iafgsuf `grgomi lrglh
, efohusevg hissibrg gh begf,
lorgg`irgs aesai qug. pi`rì sgr ipifebhg grcl
`ghghoiaprl`ir
oiaprl`ir.
Lsá pugs, gh rgjgre`i lrtáouhi gstlbhgog qug Hl rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l`
gs ipifebhg l his lorgg`irgs `gh oiaprl`ir sÿhi se oifstl pir gsoreti qug
tgfcl jgoml oegrtl lftgreir lh gablrci. _e sg trltl `g begfgs efsoretis, hl
rgsgrvl `g hl pripeg`l` gs ipifebhg l tgrogris segaprg qug gh ploti mlyl
se`i prgvelagftg rgcestrl`i´.
@g lougr`i l hi gstlbhgoe`i pir gh preagr pìrrlji `gh lrtáouhi <7=0, hi
qug sg busol gs eapg`er gh lotulr jrlu`uhgfti, `gstefl`i l burhlr gh oua-
oua -
pheaegfti `g hls ibhecloeifgs `gh oiaprl`ir
oiaprl`ir,, jrgftg l quegfgs sif sus
lorgg`irgs.
_e begf gs oegrti qug gh oiftrlti `g oiaprlvgftl, efohusevg oiftg-
oiftg-
fegf`i gh ploti `g rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l`, pug`g oghgbrlrsg `g vlrels jir-
als, vgrblhagftg pir gkgaphi, tlabeåf gs oegrti qug plrl pi`gr surter vgr-
`l`grl goloel pribltirel, `eomi ploti `gbgrál oifstlr pir gsoreti `g jgoml
oegrtl, pugs sÿhi lsá tgf`rál goloel su ipifebehe`l` jrgftg l tgrogris.
Wf `iouagfti `g jgoml oegrtl gs lqugh sibrg gh oulh rgolecl ufl oifs-
oifs -
tlfoel i alfejgstloeÿf `g uf jufoeiflrei pûbheoi oiapgtgftg qug `å jg
`g hl jgoml `g rglhezloeÿf i susorepoeÿf `gh aesai, y qug tlh jg rgvestl
vlhe`gz.

<:>
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

labeåf sif `iouagftis qug rgvestgf jgoml oegrtl his prgsgftl`is gf

uf priogsi ku`eoelh, gf gh sgfte`i `g qug hl jgoml `g su prgsgftloeÿf hgs
itirclrì ogrte`uabrg, oif hls oifstlfoels `g rgogpoeÿf (sghhis y rûbreol
`gh _gorgtlrei) qug lplrgzolf gf ghhis. L`eoeiflhagftg hi sgrálf lqughhis
`iouagftis prevl`is qug, hugci `g sgr ghgvl`is l gsoreturl pûbheol, sif
prgsgftl`is plrl su efsorepoeÿf gf his
his Rgcestris ^ûbheois(<0=).
Hl jgoml gf hl qug oifstg hl prgsgftloeÿf `g `eomis `iouagftis gf uf
priogsi ku`eoelh i gf his Rgcestris ^ûbheois, `gtgraeflrì qug l plrter `g
lhhá ghhl sgl oegrtl. @eomi gf itrls plhlbrls, miy sg pug`g prgsgftlr gf uf
priogsi uf `iouagfti prevl`i `g mlog trgs lüis is , pgri
pgri ghhi
ghhi fi `gtg
`gtgrae
raefl
fl
qug sg oifse`grg qug hl jgoml gf qug sg gxtgf`eÿ gsg `iouagfti sgl hl `g
mlog trgs lis. Hl jgoml oegrtl rgoeåf sgrál hl oirrgspif`egftg lh `ál `g su
prgsgftloeÿf.  hi aesai iourrerál rgspgoti l his Rgcestris ^ûbheois. Gf
bugfl ougftl, hi qug rgsuhtl oegrti gs qug gh `iouagfti gf ougsteÿf fi sg
itircÿ hugci `g hl jgoml gf qug jug prgsgftl`i l hl lutire`l`.
Oifvegfg sgül hlr qug
qug `g his efstr
efstruagft
uagftis
is pûbheois,
pûbheois, hls gsoreturl
gsoreturlss
pûbheols fi sif his ûfeois efstruagftis qug pug`gf oiftgfgr ufl jgoml
qug rgvestl ogrte`uabrg. Gsti, `gbe`i l qug hls firals rghltevls l his fitl-
reis pûbheois itirclf l gstis jufoeiflreis oiai ufl `g sus prefoeplhgs ltre-
ltre-
buoeifgs hl `g `lr jg pûbheol `g `gtgraefl`is lotis gf his oulhgs plrteoe
plrteoe--
plf l pgteoeÿf `g his plrteouhlrgs.
Gf gsg sgfte`i, sif `iouagftis `g jgoml oegrtl lqughhis gf his qug
mlyl eftgrvgfe`i uf fitlrei pûbheoi `lf`i jg `g hl aesal, tlhgs oiai
hls gsoreturls pûbheols, hls aefutls oif jgoml i rals hgclhezl`ls y his
oiftrltis prevl`is oif jgoml i rals hgclhezl`ls, l`gaìs `g lqughhis

(<0=) Gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh pgrulfi, sibrg gh plrteouhlr, prgsorebg hi secuegftg;

Lrtáouhi 2><5.- _if efsorebebhgs gf gh rgcestri `gh `gplrtlagfti i privefoel `if`g gstå ubeol`i
ol`l efaugbhg;
<.- His lotis y oiftrltis qug oifstetuygf, `gohlrgf, trlsaetlf, gxtefclf, ai`equgf i heaetgf his
`grgomis rglhgs sibrg efaugbhgs.
2.- His oiftrltis `g ipoeÿf.
?.- His plotis `g rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l` y `g rgtrivgftl.
0.- Gh ouapheaegfti titlh i plroelh `g hls oif`eoeifgs `g hls oulhgs `gpgf`lf his gjgotis `g his lotis
i oiftrltis rgcestrl`is.
7.- Hls rgstreooeifgs gf hls jlouhtl`gs `gh tetuhlr `gh `grgomi efsoreti.
:.- His oiftrltis `g lrrgf`laegfti.
3.- His gablrcis y `galf`ls vgrisáaehagftg lorg`etl`is.
=.- Hls sgftgfoels u itrls rgsihuoeifgs qug l oretgrei `gh kugz sg rggrlf l lotis i oiftrltis
o iftrltis efsorebebhgs.
5.- Hls lutirezloeifgs ku`eoelhgs qug pgraetlf prloteolr lotis efsorebebhgs sibrg efaugbhgs´.

<:<
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

gf his oulhgs ml sibrgvgfe`i hl augrtg i efolploe`l` jáseol `g ufi `g

his itirclftgs.
Gf olsi sg trltg `g begfgs efsoretis, rgcerì hi `espugsti pir hl sgcuf`l
plrtg `gh lrtáouhi <7=0. Gf gsg ir`gf `g e`gls, hl rgsgrvl
rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l` sgrì
ipifebhg l tgrogris segaprg qug gh ploti mlyl se`i rgcestrl`i oif lftgrei-
re`l` l hl ag`e`l olutghlr (gh gablrci).
Lmirl begf, gf fugstrl ipefeÿf, hl rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l` `gbg sgr oig-
oig -
tìfgl l hl oghgbrloeÿf `gh oiftrlti. @g fi sgr lsá, sgcûf @g hl ^ugftg y
Hlvlhhg(<05), rgsuhtlrál vgr`l`grlagftg `ejáoeh gftgf`gr qug uf ploti loog-
loog-
sirei ai`equg sustlfoelhagftg hl flhe`l` `gh oiftrlti `gh oulh jiral
plrtg, oiai plrgog iourrer
iourrer gf gh ploti `g rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l` eftgcrl`i l
hl pripeg`l`.
Hl rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l` `gbg sgr plotl`l lh aiagfti `g hl oghgbrl-
oeÿf `gh oiftrlti. ^ir gf`g, hl jlhtl `g `eoml oifourrgfoel (oifoiaetlfoel)
`gtgraefl fi sÿhi qug hl rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l` sgl efgolz g efipifebhg l
tgrogris, sefi qug hl pripeg`l` yl sg mlyl trlfsjgre`i l jlvir `gh oiaprl-
oiaprl-
`ir.. Ghhi, gf gh olsi `g efaugbhgs y gf vertu` `g hi `espugsti pir gh lrtáouhi
`ir
505 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, gh aesai qug gstlbhgog qug;
Lrtáouhi 505.- Hl sihl ibhecloeÿf `g gflkgflr uf efaugbhg `gtgrae-
`gtgrae-
`ejg-
fl`i mlog lh lorgg`ir pripegtlrei `g åh, slhvi `espiseoeÿf hgclh `ejg-
rgftg i ploti gf oiftrlrei´.
Lseaesai, `g susorebersg gf seftifál oif gh oiftrlti `g oiaprlvgftl,
åstg pi`rál sgr trlfsaete`i (oiai yl mgais sglhl`i), gf olsi pir gkga-
gkga-
phi `g ogseÿf `g piseoeÿf oiftrlotulh, oif hl ibhecloeÿf ouyi ouaphe
ouaphe--
aegfti sg gfougftrl clrlftezlf`i.

(<05) @G HL
H L ^WGFG
^WGF G  HLLHHG
HLLHHG,, Alfugh. Ip. o et., p. 2>5.
Gf gsg aesai sgfte`i, hl kurespru`gfoel pgrulfl ml m l sglhl`i qug rltìf`isg `g uf oiftrlti `g oia-
oia -
prlvgftl oif rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l` gf gh qug hl trlfsjgrgfoel `g hl pripeg`l` `gh begf sg mlhhg oif`e-
oif`e -
oeifl`l l hl olfoghloeÿf titlh `gh prgoei, åstg qug`lrì pgrjgooeifl`i `gs`g gh aiagfti gf qug sg pri-pri -
`uki hl logptloeÿf, pir trltlrsg `g uf oiftrlti oifsgfsulh.
oifsgfsu lh. _ef gablrci, se begf gs oegrti qug `g `eoml
oifsgfsulhe`l` fi surcg hl ibhecloeÿf `g jiralhezlr gh oiftrlti l trlvås `gh itirclaegfti `g gsoreturl
pûbheol, `eoml jiralhezloeÿf pi`rì
pi` rì gxecersg gf vertu` `g hl aefutl qug mlylf susoreti labls plrtgs
y `g hl oulh privgfcl `eoml ibhecloeÿf, pu`egf`i gstls oiapghgrsg rgoápriolagftg l gjgotulrhl. Fi
ibstlftg, tlh jiralhezloeÿf rgsuhtlrì eapisebhg gf gh olsi qug hl prgstloeÿf gf qug oifsestg hl ibhe -
cloeÿf `g ufl `g hls plrtgs fi sg mlyl ouaphe`i, y pir hi tlfti gh oiftrlti fi mlyl surte`i gjgotis,
yl qug `g priog`gr tlh jiralhezloeÿf sg gstlrál ygf`i gf oiftrl `g hl behltgrlhe`l` `g his oiftrltis
Ols. F» 5?:-55-Heal.

<:2
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

0.0. f gh olsi gf gh ug gh begf gs trlfsjgre`i pistgreiragftg pir gh

vgf`g`ir, pug`g gh bgfgoelrei logr vlhgr su clrlftál lftg gh
subl`uergftg

Hl rgspugstl l hl eftgrriclftg phlftgl`l `gpgf`grì `gh aiagfti gf gh

oulh gh vgf`g`ir trlfsgrl gh begf l uf tgrogri.
Gf olsi gh ploti `g rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l` fi mubegsg se`i efsoreti gf
his Rgcestris ^ûbheois y `eoml trlfsjgrgfoel sg rglheog `urlftg hl vecgf-
vecgf -
oel `gh oiftrlti, hl aesal oifstetuerál uf efouapheaegfti `gh vgf`g`ir.
Ghhi, pugsti qug, gf gstg tepi `g fgcioeis kurá`eois, sg supifg qug gh vgf-
`g`ir fi vl l trlfsjgrer hl pripeg`l` `gh efaugbhg(<7>). _e ghhi jugsg lsá, gh
oiaprl`ir tgf`rál `grgomi l siheoetlr gh ouapheaegfti i hl rgsihuoeÿf `gh
oiftrlti y, gf oulhquegrl `g gsis olsis, ufl ef`gafezloeÿf pir `lis y
pgrkueoeis.
_e gh ploti mubegsg gstl`i efsoreti gf his Rgcestris ^ûbheois, rgsuhtl
fgogslrei rgoir`lr hi gstlbhgoe`i pir gh efoesi tgrogri `gh lrtáouhi 2><5 `gh
Oÿ`eci Oeveh, firal qug sglhl qug sif efsorebebhgs gf gh rgcestri `gh
`gplrtlagfti i privefoel `if`g gstå ubeol`i ol`l efaugbhg his plotis `g
rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l` y `g rgtrivgftl. Fÿtgsg qug `eomi fuagrlh sg rggrg
l begfgs efaugbhgs sef gablrci, gh lrtáouhi 2>07 sglhl qug sif efsorebe-
efsorebe-
bhgs gf gh rgcestri `g begfgs augbhgs ti`is his lotis y oiftrltis
oiftrltis gstlbhgoe-
`is gf gh lrtáouhi 2><5 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, oif hi qug gh ploti `g rgsgrvl `g
pripeg`l` gs susogptebhg `g efsorepoeÿf
efsorepoeÿf gf gh rgcestri rgspgotevi.
@gftri `g tlh ir`gf `g e`gls, gh ploti `g rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l`, lh sgr
efsorebebhg, tegfg ufl oifsgougfoel rglh plrl his tgrogris, yl qug `gaugs-
trl qugse`i
fi ml l pgslr `g hl gxestgfoel
trlfsaete`i `g uf
l hl gsjgrl oiftrlti `g
pltreaifelh `ghoiaprlvgftl, gh begf
juturi l`quergftg y, lûf
pir
gf`g, his regscis y hl rgspifslbehe`l` oeveh ti`lvál oiftefûlf gf olbgzl `gh
trlfsjgrgftg.
^ir itri hl`i, se hugci `g qug gh oiaprl`ir ml ouaphe`i oif gh plci `gh
prgoei oifvgfe`i, y, gf oifsgougfoel, sg ml oifstetue`i oiai pripegtlrei

(<7>) åfclsg gf ougftl qug gh ir`gflaegfti kurá`eoi pgrulfi primábg gh ploti `g fi gflkgflr. Lsá, gh
Oÿ`eci Oeveh gstlbhgog gf su lrtáouhi ==2 qug; Fi sg pug`g gstlbhgogr oiftrlotulhagftg hl primebe-
primebe-
oeÿf `g gflkgflr i crlvlr, slhvi qug hl hgy hi pgraetl. Fisitris supifgais qug fi sg vl l vgf`gr
gh begf, pgri gstg loti, oiai sg ibsgrvl, fi pi`rál primebersg.

<:?
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

hgcáteai `gh begf, gh vgf`g`ir gkgoutlsg hl trlfsjgrgfoel l uf tgrogri, fi

segf`i yl pripegtlrei, fis gfoiftrlrálais lftg uf oiftrlti `g vgftl `g
begf lkgfi.
Gh oiftrlti `g vgftl `g begf lkgfi gs lqugh pir ag`ei `gh oulh ufl pgr-
sifl sg ibhecl l trlfsjgrer hl pripeg`l` `g uf begf `gh qug fi gs pripegtl-
pripegtl -
rei lh aiagfti `g oghgbrlrsg `gh oiftrlti, l jlvir `g itrl, quegf oifiog i
fi `g hl lkgfe`l` `gh aesai.
Gf olsi mubegsg iouhtlaegfti lh oiaprl`ir `gh olrìotgr lkgfi `gh
begf, `gs`g gh pufti `g vestl `gh @grgomi ^gflh, gh agolfesai `g tutghl
`gh orå`eti qug mgais `gsoreti, cizlrì `g hl jugrzl lhtlagftg `esulsevl `g
hl slfoeÿf lpheolbhg l lqugh qug vgf`g, crlvl i lrregf`l oiai pripeis his
begfgs lkgfis (efoesi 0 `gh lrtáouhi <53 `gh Oÿ`eci ^gflh pgrulfi). _g
trltl `gh `gheti `g gstgheiflti, slfoeifl`i oif pgfl prevltevl `g hl hebgr-
tl` fi agfir `g ufi fe alyir `g oultri lüisis , aìs sgs
sgsgft
gftll l oegft
oegftii vgeftg
vgeftg
`áls-auhtl.
Gf gstis olsis, gh bgfgoelrei `gh ploti `g rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l` pi`rál
mlogr vlhgr su `grgomi `g pripeg`l` lftg his subl`quergftgs, se åstg ml efs-
oreti su tátuhi (oiftrlti `g oiaprlvgftl) gf gh Rgcestri oirrgspif`egftg.
i`l vgz qug gh oiftgfe`i `gh Rgcestri gs fgogslrelagftg pûbheoi, y qug
his `grgomis efsoretis sif ipifebhgs grcl ia fgs.

0.7. uìhgs sif his gjgotis `g hl rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l` trlfsaeseÿf `g

regscis, gto.) uìhgs sif hls prgrricltevls plrl gh lorgg`ir ug sg
bgfgoel `g gstl clrlftál

Gh prefoeplh
prgrricltevl quggjgoti `gh ploti
gh vgf`g`ir `g rgsgrvl
oiftefûl oiai`gpripegtlrei
pripeg`l``gh
gs begf
l ai`i `g
altgrel
`g hl oiaprlvgftl, mlstl qug gh oiaprl`ir mlyl plcl`i ti`i gh prgoei i
ufl plrtg `gtgraefl`l `g åh.
L hl huz `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh pgrulfi, oulf`i gf ufl oiaprlvgftl oif
ploti `g rgsgrvl `g hl pripeg`l`, gh
gh oiaprl`ir rgoebg hl pisgseÿf `gh begf
begf
plrl su usi y `esjrutg, `gbg sipirtlr gh regsci `g hl pår`e`l titlh i plroelh,
oiai gh `gh `gtgreiri.
Kustlagftg, lsá hi `espifg hl plrtg flh `gh preagr pìrrlji `gh lrtáouhi
<7=? y hl rgchl qug oifstetuyg ufl gxogpoeÿf lh prefoepei cgfgrlh `g qug

<:0
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

his regscis sif `gh pripegtlrei ( rgs pg ret `i

`iaefi) gs kustl, gf hl ag`e`l
`g qug `eomi oiaprl`ir gstì gf pisgseÿf, usi y `esjrutg `gh begf altgrel
`g hl oiaprlvgftl.
Gh lrtáouhi <7=? `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh `g <5=0 prgoesl, gf hl oiaprl-
oiaprl -
vgftl oif rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l`, qug gf olsi gh begf mubegsg se`i gftrg-
cl`i lh oiaprl`ir, åstg lsuaerál gh regsci `g su pår`e`l i `gtgreiri `gs`g
gh aiagfti `g hl gftrgcl.
Oifse`grlais qug hl prgoeseÿf mgoml gf hl firal lftgs oetl`l rgsuhtl
pgrtefgftg.
pgrtef gftg. Ghhi, gf rlzÿf `g qug gh regsci qug gstì gf kugci gf gh tgal
qug fis ioupl, fi gs gh rghltevi l hl tgirál `gh regsci oiftgaphl`l gf gh
lrtáouhi <<?=(<7<) `gh pripei Oÿ`eci Oeveh vlhg `goer, gh regsci `g pår`e`l
`g hl oiftrlprgstloeÿf, se hl mubegrg (prefoepei qug sg trl`uog gf @grg-@grg -
omi `g Ibhecloeifgs, gf hl rgchl pgreouh
pgreouhua
ua gst `gbetir
`gbetireses gh regsci `g
pår`e`ll `g hl oiftrl
pår`e` oiftrlprgstlo
prgstloeÿf
eÿf hi oirrg gh `gu`ir
`gu`ir),
), sefi gf gh yl agf
agf--
oeifl`i prefoepei `g @grgomis Rglhgs rgs pgret `iaefi (hl oisl sg pegr`g
plrl su
s u `ugüi).
`ugüi ).
@goeais gsti, pirqug se ibsgrvlais begf, gf gh lrtáouhi <7=? `gh
Oÿ`eci Oeveh pgrulfi fi gxestg `g pir ag`ei fefcufl ibhecloeÿf `g

(<7<) Lrtáouhi <<?=.-

<<?=.- «Gf hls ibhecloeifgs `g `lr begfgs oegrtis sg ibsgrvlf, mlstl su gftrgcl, hls rgchls
secuegftgs;
<. _e gh begf sg pegr`g pir ouhpl `gh `gu`ir, su ibhecloeÿf qug`l rgsughtl pgri gh lorgg`ir `gkl `g gstlr
ibhecl`i l su oiftrlprgstloeÿf, se hl mubegrg, y gh `gu`ir qug`l sukgti lh plci `g hl oirrgspif`egftg
ef`gafezloeÿf. _e oiai oifsgougfoel `g hl pår`e`l, gh `gu`ir ibtegfg ufl ef`gafezloeÿf i l`quegrg
uf `grgomi oiftrl tgrogri gf sustetuoeÿf `g
` g hl prgstloeÿf `gbe`l, gh lorgg`ir pug`g gxecerhg
gx ecerhg hl gftrgcl
`g tlh ef`gafezloeÿf i sustetuersg lh `gu`ir gf hl tetuhlre`l` `gh `grgomi oiftrl gh tgrogri. Gf gstis
olsis,
2. _e ghhlbegf
ef`gafezloeÿf
sg `gtgreirl`g
pir`lis
ouhply `gh
pgrkueoeis
`gu`ir,sgghrg`uog gf pug`g
lorgg`ir his aiftis
iptlr oirrgspif`egftgs.
pir rgsihvgr hl ibhecloeÿf, i
pir rgoeber gh begf gf gh gstl`i
gstl` i gf qug sg gfougftrg
gfougf trg y gxecer hl rg`uooeÿf `g hl oiftrlprgstloeÿf, se hl
mubegrg, y gh plci `g hl oirrgspif`egftg ef`gafezloeÿf `g `lis y pgrkueoeis, segf`i `g lpheoloeÿf,
gf gstg olsi, hi `espugsti gf gh sgcuf`i pìrrlji `gh efoesi <. _e gh `gtgreiri gs `g gsolsl eapirtlfoel,
gh lorgg`ir pug`g gxecer hl rg`uooeÿf `g hl oiftrlprgstloeÿf, gf su olsi.
?. _e gh begf sg pegr`g pir ouhpl `gh lorgg`ir, hl ibhecloeÿf `gh `gu`ir qug`l rgsughtl, pgri åstg
oifsgrvl gh `grgomi l hl oiftrlprgstloeÿf, se hl mubegrg. _e gh `gu`ir ibtegfg lhcûf bgfgoei oif hl
rgsihuoeÿf `g su ibhecloeÿf, su vlhir rg`uog hl oiftrlprgstloeÿf l olrci `gh lorgg`ir.
0. _e gh begf sg `gtgreirl pir ouhpl `gh lorgg`ir, åstg tegfg hl ibhecloeÿf `g rgoeberhi gf gh gstl`i gf
qug sg mlhhg, sef rg`uooeÿf lhcufl `g hl oiftrlprgstloeÿf, se hl mubegrg.
7. _e gh begf sg pegr`g sef ouhpl `g hls plrtgs, hl ibhecloeÿf `gh `gu`ir qug`l rgsughtl, oif pår`e`l
`gh `grgomi l hl oiftrlprgstloeÿf, se hl mubegrg. Gf gstg olsi, oirrgspif`gf lh `gu`ir his `grgomis y
looeifgs qug mubegsgf qug`l`i rghltevis lh begf.
:. _e gh begf sg `gtgreirl sef ouhpl `g hls plrtgs, gh `gu`ir sujrg hls oifsgougfoels `gh `gtgreiri,
gjgotuìf`isg ufl rg`uooeÿf pripiroeiflh `g hl oiftrlprgstloeÿf. Gf tlh olsi, oirrgspif`gf lh `gu`ir
his `grgomis y looeifgs qug pug`l ireceflr gh `gtgreiri `gh begf´.

<:7
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

gftrgclr gh begf, pugs se gh oiaprl`ir yl hi ml rgoebe`i, gftifogs hl ibhecl-

oeÿf `g gftrgcl `gh vgf`g`ir lh rgspgoti sg mlbrál gkgoutl`i(<72).
^ir hi tlfti, fi fis gfoiftrlrálais gf uf supugsti `g @grgomi `g
bhecloeifgs, sefi lftg ufi pripei `g @grgomis Rglhgs, `g ai`i tlh qug gh
prefoepei lpheolbhg sgrál «hl oisl sg pegr`g plrl su `ugüi´.
i´.
Gf gh ^grû, `g fi mlbgrsg gstlbhgoe`i hgclhagftg hl `espiseoeÿf blki
oiagftlrei, qug trlfsgrg gh regsci `g pår`e`l i `gtgreiri lh pisgg`ir `gh
begf fi pripegtlrei, gstlrálais lftg ufl setuloeÿf blstlftg gspgoelh. i`l
vgz qug gh regsci `g pår`e`l `gh begf hi gstlrál lsuaegf`i gh pripegtl-
rei qug gstì `gstefl`i l `gklr `g sgrhi, setuloeÿf qug sg pri`uoerì gf gh
oif -
aiagfti prgvesti plrl qug ipgrg hl trlfsjgrgfoel `g pripeg`l` y sg oif-
ohuyl oif hl rgsgrvl plotl`l gf gh oiftrlti.

`espi -
0.:. uìh gs hl sihuoeÿf plrl rgsihvgr his oifeotis gftrg gh ug `espi-
fg `g hl pripeg`l` rgsgrvl`l y his itris lorgg`irgs (gspgoelhagftg
gh prgf`lrei,
prgf`lrei,rr gtg
gtgfg`ir
fg`ir,pi
,piss gg`
gg`ir)
ir)9
9

Gf gh ^grû, `gs`g gh pufti `g vestl oeveh, hl tutghl `gh vgf`g`ir rgsgr-

vestl tegfg uf jufoeiflaegfti `ejgrgftg, `gpgf`egf`i `gh begf altgrel `gh
oiftrlti y `gh agolfesai `g pubheoe`l` `gh ploti `g rgsgrvl.
Gf gsg ir`gf `g e`gls, gf gh olsi `g begfgs augbhgs fi rgcestrl`is,
sef pgrkueoei `g qug gh ploti mlyl se`i prgvesti gf uf `iouagfti prevl`i
`g jgoml oegrtl, hl pisgseÿf `gh begf istgftl`l pir gh oiaprl`ir rgsgrvltl-
rgsgrvltl-
rei `gs`g hl gftrgcl, orgl rgspgoti `g his tgrogris qug gstìf gf tirfi l åh,
hl prgsufoeÿf `g tetuhlre`l` `gh `grgomi `g pripeg`l`, `g lougr`i oif hi
rgcuhl`i pir gh lrtáouhi 5<2(<7?) `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh pgrulfi(<70).
_egf`i ghhi lsá, pir lpheoloeÿf `g hi prgvesti gf gh lrtáouhi 50=(<77) `gh
agfoeifl`i ougrpi firaltevi, se begf gh tgrogri `g bugfl jg gf olhe`l` `g

(<72) OL_HH RGRG, Alrei. Oiagftlreis lh Oiftrlti `g Oiapr lv lvgf

gftl . o et., p. 2:2.
tl.. Ip
(<7?) Lrtáouhi 5<2.- «Gh pisgg`ir gs rgputl`i pripegtlrei, aegftrls fi sg prugbg hi oiftrlrei. Gstl prgsuf-
oeÿf fi pug`g ipifgrhl gh pisgg`ir efag`elti lh pisgg`ir ag`elti. lapioi pug`g ipifgrsg lh pri- pri-
pegtlrei oif `grgomi efsoreti´.
(<70) LRLL _H_, Aiesås y LHGRG ^RRL_, ^RRL_, @lfegh. ^loti `g rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l`. Gf `eci
Oeveh Oiagftl`i. Heal; logtl Kurá`eol, 2>>:, p. 2:?.
(<77) Lrtáouhi 50=.- uegf `g bugfl jg y oiai pripegtlrei rgoebg `g itri hl pisgseÿf `g ufl oisl augbhg,
l`quegrg gh `iaefei, lufqug gh gflkgflftg `g hl pisgseÿf olrgzol `g jlouhtl` plrl mlogrhi. _g gxogp-
gxogp -
tûlf `g gstl rgchl his begfgs pgr`e`is y his l`quere`is oif efjrlooeÿf `g hl hgy pgflh.

<::
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

pripegtlrei, rgoebg `gh

`gh oiaprl`ir
oiaprl`ir rgsgrvltlrei
rgsgrvltlrei hl pisgseÿf
pisgseÿf `gh begf augbhg,
augbhg,
l`quererì hl pripeg`l` `gh aesai y, pir oifsecuegftg, rgspgoti `g `eomi
tgrogri gh vgf`g`ir rgsgrvestl fi pi`rì lotulr hl prgtgfseÿf `g rgevef`e-
rgevef`e-
olr gh begf. ^ir su plrtg, gh vgf`g`ir rgsgrvestl, lufqug fi mlyl vgfoe`i
gh phlzi plrl gxecer gh plci `gh áftgcri `gh prgoei i `g hl plrtg oif gh plci
`g hls ouitls gf qug mlyl se`i `eve`e`i gh prgoei, pi`rì tgfgr pir vgfoe`i
gh i his phlzis y gxecer gh efag`elti ouapheaegfti `g hl prgstloeÿf `g plci
l olrci `g su `gu`ir (gh oiaprl`ir rgsgrvltlrei), `g oifjirae`l` oif hi
gstlbhgoe`i pir gh lrtáouhi <=<, efoesi 2(<7:) `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh.
Ghhi, pirqug gh oiaprl`ir rgsgrvltlrei mlbrì `gkl`i `g itirclr l jlvir
`gh vgf`g`ir hl clrlftál `g qug gh begf altgrel `g hl oiaprlvgftl oif
ploti `g rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l` pgralfgzol gf su pltreaifei, l f `g lsg-
lsg -
curlr hl rgevef`eoloeÿf lftg hl gvgftulhe`l` `gh efouapheaegfti.
^ir itri hl`i, trltìf`isg `g begfgs efaugbhgs fi rgcestrl`is, se begf
efeoelhagftg hl prgsufoeÿf `gh lrtáouhi 5<2 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh fis hhgvl-
hhgvl-
rál l pgfslr qug gh vgf`g`ir rgsgrvestl gstlrál gxpugsti l qug gh oiaprl-
`ir trlfsgrl gh begf l uf tgrogri, hi oegrti gs qug `eoml prgsufoeÿf sÿhi
gs rghltevl y, pir oifsecuegftg, gh vgf`g`ir rgsgrvestl segaprg pi`rál trltlr
`g priblr su `iaefei y `gsvertulr `eoml prgsufoeÿf. Lpheolrálais hl rgchl
hÿceol sgcûf hl oulh, l jlhtl `g ufl firal gxprgsl `g pritgooeÿf lh tgrogri,
gh oiaprl`ir rgsgrvltlrei fi pi`rál trlfsjgrer lh tgrogri uf `grgomi `g pri-
pri-
peg`l` qug fi tegfg.
Gf gh supugsti `g begfgs augbhgs fi rgcestrl`is, pgri rgcestrlbhgs,
gh vgf`g`ir rgsgrvestl pug`g efohusi gvetlr hl trlfsjgrgfoel l tgrogris `g
bugfl jg ag`elftg hl efsorepoeÿf `gh oiftrlti gf gh Rgcestri `g egfgs
(<73)
Augbhgs
alhl jg. , hi qug oifvgrterì l oulhquegr tgrogri l`quergftg gf ufi `g

(<7:) Lrtáouhi <=<.- Gh `gu`ir pegr`g gh `grgomi l utehezlr gh phlzi;  2.- Oulf`i fi itircug lh lorgg -
`ir hls clrlftáls l qug sg mubegsg oiapriagte`i´.
(<73) Gsti, sgcûf hi gstlbhgoe`i pir gh lrtáouhi ?2 `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel;
Lrtáouhi ?2.-
?2.- «otis efsoreehgs
efsoreehgs
_if efsorebebhgs sibrg his begfgs augbhgs  his secuegftgs lotis;

?. His lotis kurá`eois qug l oiftefuloeÿf sg gfuagrlf, plrl his gjgotis `g su prghloeÿf, ipifebehe`l`
y pubheoe`l`, oulhquegrl qug sgl su jiral, `gfiaefloeÿf i flturlhgzl, `gstefl`is l ljgotlr begfgs
augbhgs i `grgomis `g ti`l flturlhgzl, prgsgftgs i juturis, `gtgraefl`is i `gtgraeflbhgs, sukgtis i
fi l ai`lhe`l`, efohuygf`i;


<:3
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

^ir su plrtg, gf gh olsi gf qug gh ploti `g rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l` gstu-

vegsg efsoreti gf his Rgcestris ^ûbheois, sg trltg `g begfgs efaugbhgs i
augbhgs, fi sgrì lpheolbhg hl prgsufoeÿf `g pripeg`l` `gh lrtáouhi 5<2
`gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh. Lsá, his tgrogris fi pi`rìf oifse`grlr qug gh oiaprl`ir
rgsgrvltlrei, qug istgftl hl pisgseÿf `g his begfgs, sgl su pripegtlrei, pir
oulfti gxesterì uf secfi pubheoetlrei aìs jugrtg, oiai gs hl efsorepoeÿf l
jlvir `gh vgf`g`ir rgsgrvestl.
Gf tlh sgfte`i, his tgrogris qug l`quegrlf `gh oiaprl`ir rgsgrvltlrei
`gh begf efsoreti, altgrel `gh oiftrlti `g oiaprlvgftl oif ploti `g rgsgrvl
`g pripeg`l`, segaprg sgrìf rgputl`is l`quergftgs `g alhl jg, pir oulfti
hl efsorepoeÿf `gh begf l fiabrg `gh vgf`g`ir rgsgrvestl, eapg`erì qug
ghhis oifse`grgf l su trlfsjgrgftg oiai pripegtlrei. L`gaìs, l hl pisgseÿf
qug ghhis lsualf fi hg sgrì lpheolbhg hl prgsufoeÿf `g bugfl jg gstlbhgoe`l
gf gh lrtáouhi 5<0 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh pgrulfi, ti`l vgz qug sg prgsuag, sef
l`aeter prugbl gf oiftrlrei, qug ti`l pgrsifl tegfg oifioeaegfti `gh oif-
tgfe`i `g hls efsorepoeifgs (lrcuagfti `gh lrtáouhi 2><2 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh).
Gf oifsgougfoel, gf ipefeÿf `g Lrltl _ihás y Lhgcrg ^irrls (<7=), gh
ploti `g rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l` oifstetuyg uf agolfesai `g tutghl `gh orå-
`eti, ouyl jufoeÿf `g priourlr lh vgf`g`ir rgsgrvestl gh plci `gh prgoei
`gh begf ibkgti `g hl oiaprlvgftl, sg oiforgtl ag`elftg hl eapiseoeÿf lh

e. itris lotis kurá`eois gf his qug sg ljgotgf begfgs augbhgs.

Oulf`i his lotis efsorebebhgs l his qug sg rggrg gstg lrtáouhi rgoleclf sibrg begfgs augbhgs rgcestrl-
rgcestrl -
`is gf uf Rgcestri Kurá`eoi `g egfgs, gstis sg efsoreberìf gf hl oirrgspif`egftg plrte`l rgcestrlh. Gf
olsi oiftrlrei, sg efsoreberìf gf gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis.
His lotis efsorebebhgs rgjgre`is l begfgs augbhgs juturis sgrìf efsoretis gf gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g
Oiftrltis y pgralfgogrìf lhhá hugci `g qug `gkgf `g sgrhi, l gxogpoeÿf `g his begfgs augbhgs oegrtis
qug `gblf sgr rgcestrl`is gf uf Rgcestri Kurá`eoi `g egfgs, ouyis lotis yl efsoretis sgrìf trlshl`l-
trlshl`l -
`is lh rgcestri oirrgspif`egftg´ (gh subrlyl`i gs fugstri).
^ir itrl plrtg, olbg mlogr agfoeÿf l qug gh Rgcestri esolh `g gftls l ^hlzis jug `gricl`i pir hl
Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel, l trlvås `g su _gxtl @espiseoeÿf eflh. Lseaesai, olbg sglhlr qug hl
_gcuf`l @espiseoeÿf eflh sglhl qug ug`lf siagte`ls l hl prgsgftg Hgy, l plrter `g hl vecgfoel
`g gstl, ti`ls hls clrlftáls qug sg oifstetuylf sibrg begfgs augbhgs sef gxogpoeÿf. ug`lf tlabeåf
sukgtis l gstl Hgy, his lotis efsorebebhgs sglhl`is gf gh efoesi ? `gh lrtáouhi ?2. eflhagftg, hl gr-
ogrl @espiseoeÿf eflh prgsorebg hi secuegftg; Oulf`i gf itrls `espiseoeifgs hgclhgs sg mlcl rgjgrgf-
rgjgrgf -
oel l hls firals sibrg prgf`l oeveh, prgf`l oiagroelh, prgf`l `g looeifgs, prgf`l `g orå`etis, prgf`l
lcrlrel, prgf`l ef`ustrelh, prgf`l aefgrl, prgf`l chiblh y itlftg, prgf`l `g aitirgs `g lgriflvgs,
prgf`l `g alrols, pltgftgs y `gaìs `grgomis `g lfìhicl flturlhgzl, prgf`l vgmeouhlr, mepitgol sibrg
flvgs, mepitgol sibrg lveifgs, mepitgol `g gablroloeifgs pgsqugrls, mepitgol aefgrl, Rgcestri Jes-
olh `g gftls l ^hlzis y l itrls seaehlrgs, sg gftgf`grìf rgjgre`ls l hl clrlftál aibehelrel rgcuhl`l
pir hl prgsgftg Hgy´.
(<7=) LRL
LRL L _H_, Aiesås y LHGRG ^RRL_, ^RRL_ , @lfegh. Ip. o et., p. 2:0.

<:=
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

oiaprl`ir `g hl eapháoetl eapisebehe`l` `g trlfsjgrer i crlvlr hl pripeg`l`

`g uf begf qug lûf fi gs suyi, l jlvir `g oulhquegr tgrogri.
_ef pgrkueoei `g hi sglhl`i, gxestgf lhcufls `gsvgftlkls rghloeifl`ls
l gstl curl.
Lrels-_omrgebgr rgoicg ufl oetl qug oirrgspif`g l Rgzzÿfeoi (<75).
Gf ghhl, gstg trltl`estl gxpheol his efoifvgfegftgs `gh ploti `g rgsgrvl `g
`iaefei, sgül hlf`i qug
qug mly quegfgs
quegfgs sistegf
sistegfgf
gf qug gh
gh ploti ef`uog
ef`uog l grrir
grrir y
l gfclüi l his lorgg`irgs `gh
`gh oiaprl`ir,
oiaprl`ir, qug pug`g sgr utehezl`i usurlrel-
usurlrel-
agftg pir gh vgf`g`ir, quegf efviolf`i hl jlhtl `g plci `g ufl sihl ouitl
pi`rál gxecer hl rgstetuoeÿf `gh begf vgf`e`i y hl oifsgrvloeÿf `g ti`i hi
plcl`i pir gh oiaprl`ir slf-
oiaprl`ir,, qug gh rgjgre`i ploti orgl uf prevehgcei fi slf-
oeifl`i pir hl hgy gf jlvir `g uf sihi lorgg`ir gh vgf`g`ir y gf `gsag-
`gsag -
`ri `g his `gaìs lorgg`irgs y, flhagftg, qug sioelh y airlhagftg gs
ufl crlf tgftloeÿf, pugs orgl fgogse`l`gs aìs i agfis oteoels.

^ir fugstrl plrtg, gstealais qug gh ploti `g rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l`

tegfg ufl `gsvgftlkl se sg trltlsg `g begfgs augbhgs fi efsorebebhgs. Ghhl
sg blsl juf`lagftlhagftg gf hl prgsufoeÿf `gh lrtáouhi 5<2 `gh Oÿ`eci
Oeveh, gh oulh sgül hl qug «Gh
«Gh pisgg`ir
pisgg`ir gs rgput
rgputl`i
l`i pripegtl
pripegtlrei,
rei, aegftrl
aegftrlss
fi sg prugbg hi oiftrlrei. Gstl prgsufoeÿf fi pug`g ipifgrhl gh pisgg`ir
efag`elti lh pisgg`ir ag`elti. lapioi pug`g ipifgrsg lh pripegtlrei
oif `grgomi efsoreti´.
@g itrl plrtg, olbg sglhlr hi gstlbhgoe`i pir gh preagr pìrrlji `gh
lrtáouhi <7=0 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, yl qug åstg sglhl qug Hl rgsgrvl `g hl
pripeg`l` gs ipifebhg l his lorgg`irgs `gh oiaprl`ir sÿhi se oifstl pir
gsoreti qug tgfcl jgoml oegrtl lftgreir lh gablrci.
Gf hi rgjgrgftg l hl rlzÿf `g sgr `g gstl firal, `gbgais `goer qug ghhl
gs `g ufl gve`gfoel plhalrel, gf hl ag`e`l gf qug hi qug busol gs eapg`er
gh lotulr jrlu`uhgfti `g uf `gu`ir, `gstefl`i l burhlr gh ouapheaegfti `g
sus ibhecloeifgs, jrgftg l quegfgs sif sus lorgg`irgs.
_ef `u`l, `g fi gxester gh prgogpti blki oiagftlrei, rgsuhtlrál jìoeh l
gsg `gu`ir seauhlr mlbgr oghgbrl`i gf olhe`l` `g oiaprl`ir, uf ploti `g
rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l` sibrg gh i his begfgs qug oifjiragf su pltreaifei.

(<75) RGFO, Hues Alrál. Oetl`i pir LRL_-_ORGGR ^GG,

^GG, Alx. Ip. o et., tiai , p. <<0.

<:5
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

@g gstl jiral, lplrgftlrál jrgftg l `eomis lorgg`irgs fi sgr pripegtlrei `g

gsis begfgs, y pir ghhi `eomis begfgs gstlrálf gxohue`is `g oulhquegr looeÿf
qug eftgftlrlf gsis lorgg`irgs.  plrl gjgotulr tlhgs lotis blstlrál oif hl
rg`looeÿf `g uf oiftrlti `g oiaprlvgftl oteoei qug efohuyl ufl ohìusuhl
`g rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l`, y qug sg rg`lotg gf `iouagfti `g jgoml lftg-lftg-
reir´ lh gablrci.
Gs pir ghhi qug, prgvegf`i gvgftulhe`l`gs `g gstl flturlhgzl, gh hgces-
hl`ir `g <5=0 ml gstlbhgoe`i qug `eomi ploti `gbgrál oifstlr pir gsoreti `g
jgoml oegrtl lftgreir lh gablrci.
@g itri hl`i, rgoir`gais qug gh lrtáouhi <7=? gstlbhgog qug gf hl oia-
oia-
prlvgftl pug`g plotlrsg qug gh vgf`g`ir sg rgsgrvl hl pripeg`l` `gh begf
mlstl qug sg mlyl plcl`i ti`i gh prgoei i ufl plrtg `gtgraefl`l `g åh, luf-
qug gh begf mlyl se`i gftrgcl`i lh oiaprl`ir, quegf lsuag gh regsci `g su
pår`e`l i `gtgreiri `gs`g gh aiagfti `g hl gftrgcl. Gstg fuagrlh lcrgcl
qug gh oiaprl`ir l`quegrg lutiaìteolagftg gh `grgomi l hl pripeg`l` `gh
begf oif gh plci `gh eapirtg `gh prgoei
prgoei oifvgfe`i.
_e ealcefìsgais ufl oiaprlvgftl oif rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l` mlstl qug
sg plcug gh oegf pir oegfti `gh prgoei, gs ibvei qug sg gstlrál mlbhlf`i `g
ufl oiaprlvgftl l phlzis, pugs se jugsg lh oiftl`i g efag`eltlagftg `gs-
`gs-
puås `g oghgbrl`i gh oiftrlti, seaphgagftg,
seaphgagftg, olrgográl `g sgfte`i.
@gftri `g tlh ir`gf `g e`gls, pi`rálais gfoiftrlrfis gf gh supugsti
`gh lrtáouhi <7:<, vlhg `goer lqugh gf gh oulh gh prgoei `gbl plclrsg pir
lral`ls gf `evgrsis phlzis (trgs i aìs) y gh oiaprl`ir `gkg `g plclr trgs
i aìs `g ghhls, suogsevls i fi.
Lsá hls oisls, mubeåsgais pi`e`i efcrgslr gf gh tgrrgfi `gh tgxti irece-
flh `gh lrtáouhi <7:2(<:>), mlbegf`i plcl`i gh oiaprl`ir aìs `gh oefougftl
pir oegfti `gh prgoei oifvgfe`i.

(<:>) Gh tgxti ireceflh `gh lrtáouhi <7:2 jug gh secuegftg;

Lrtáouhi <7:2.- Gf gh olsi `gh lrtáouhi <7:<, gh vgf`g`ir pegr`g gh `grgomi l iptlr pir hl rgsihuoeÿf
`gh oiftrlti se sg ml plcl`i aìs `gh oefougftl pir
pi r oegfti `gh prgoei. Gs fuhi ti`i ploti gf oiftrlrei´.
L trlvås `g hl Hgy F» 2302>, `g jgoml 27 `g gfgri `g 2>><, pubheol`l gf gh @elrei oelh Gh
^grulfi gh `ál segtg `g jgbrgri `gh li 2>><, jug ai`eol`i gh lrtáouhi <7:2 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, pir
gh tgxti secuegftg;
Lrtáouhi <7:2.-
<7:2.- «Hls plrtgs pug`gf oifvgfer qug gh vgf`g`ir pegr`g gh `grgomi l iptlr pir hl rgsihu-
oeÿf `gh oiftrlti se gh oiaprl`ir mubegsg plcl`i `gtgraefl`l plrtg `gh prgoei, gf ouyi olsi gh vgf- vgf -
`g`ir sÿhi pi`rì iptlr pir gxecer gh plci `gh slh`i.

<3>
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Gf gstg olsi, mubeårlais tgfe`i l uf vgf`g`ir oihiol`i gf hl eapi-

sebehe`l` `g rgsihvgr gh oiftrlti, pgri `gspritgce`i gf hi qug rgspgotl l
hl clrlftál `gh oibri `gh slh`i `gh prgoei, gf hl ag`e`l gf qug fi gxeste-
rál hl mepitgol hgclh prgvestl pir hl preagrl plrtg `gh efoesi < `gh lrtáouhi
<<<=(<:<), pugs mubegsg rgsuhtl`i eapisebhg ealceflr qug sg oifstetuyl ufl
mepitgol hgclh sibrg gh begf altgrel `g hl vgftl, gf jlvir `gh vgf`g`ir,
yl qug åstg oiftefulrál, gf vertu` `g hl ohìusuhl `g rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l`,
segf`i pripegtlrei `g `eomi efaugbhg.
Gs `goer qug gstg vgf`g`ir, quegf sÿhi tgf`rál lftg sá gh olaefi `g
gxecer gh plci `gh slh`i `gh prgoei, mubegsg tgfe`i qug lrrgchìrsghls plrl
oibrlr, sef oiftlr plrl ghhi oif clrlftál rglh fe pgrsiflh lhcufl, oif gxogp-
oeÿf `gh pltreaifei `g su lorgg`ir (gh oiaprl`ir), quegf fi mubegsg se`i
rlri qug olrgoegrl `g begfgs suoegftgs plrl ljriftlr gh ouapheaegfti `g
`eoml ibhecloeÿf. lhg
lhg `goer qug gh vgf`g`ir, pir aìs `ehecgftg qug sgl su
lotulr gf gh tgrrgfi ku`eoelh i gxtrlku`eoelh, sg mubegsg pi`e`i vgr eapg-
`e`i gf hl prìoteol `g oibrlr lh oiaprl`ir gh slh`i l`gu`l`i.
 lsuaegf`i hl gvgftulh mepÿtgses `g qug gh oiaprl`ir jugsg efsih-
efsih -
vgftg, mubegsg se`i pgrtefgftg prgcuftlrfis se gh vgf`g`ir mlbrál pi`e`i
rgourrer l ufl vál lhtgrfltevl plrl rgoupgrlr hl pisgseÿf pgr`e`l `gh
efaugbhg, `gs`g qug gkgoutÿ su ibhecloeÿf `g gftrgcl (supugsti `g oiaûf
iourrgfoel gf gh olsi `g hl oiaprlvgftl `g efaugbhgs l phlzis).
_g pi`rál mlbgr sistgfe`i qug gh vgf`g`ir cizlbl `g hl looeÿf rge- rge -
vef`eoltirel qug, oiai slbgais, oifstetuyg ufi `g his ltrebutis `gh `grg-
omi `g pripeg`l`, oifjirag l hi gstlbhgoe`i pir gh lrtáouhi 52? `gh Oÿ`eci
Oeveh, y qug gs hl looeÿf qug gkgroetl gh pripegtlrei fi pisgg`ir oiftrl gh
pisgg`ir fi pripegtlrei, `gstefl`l l rgoupgrlr hl pisgseÿf `gh begf.
_ef gablrci, tlh gvgftulhe`l` mubegsg rgsuhtl`i `esoutebhg, pir `is
rlzifgs.

(<:<) Lrtáouhi <<<=.-

<<<=.- «L`gaìs `g hls mepitgols hgclhgs gstlbhgoe`ls gf itrls hgygs, sg rgoifiogf hls
secuegftgs;
<.- Hl `gh efaugbhg gflkgfl`i sef qug su prgoei mlyl se`i plcl`i titlhagftg i hi mlyl se`i oif
`efgri `g uf tgrogri.
2.- Hl `gh efaugbhg plrl ouyl jlbreoloeÿf i rgplrloeÿf sg mlyl pripiroeifl`i trlblki i altgrelhgs
pir gh oiftrltestl y pir gh aifti qug gh oiaetgftg sg mlyl ibhecl`i
ib hecl`i l plclrhg.
?.- Hl `g his efaugbhgs l`quere`is gf ufl plrteoeÿf oif hl ibhecloeÿf `g mlogr lairtezloeifgs gf
`efgri l itris `g his oipripegtlreis´.

<3<
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Hl preagrl `g ghhls sgrál qug gh oiaprl`ir sg gfoiftrlrál gf pisgseÿf

`gh efaugbhg, gf vertu` `g uf tátuhi l`goul`i y suoegftg, oulh gs gh oif-
oif -
trlti `g oiaprlvgftl oghgbrl`i oif gh vgf`g`ir rgspgoti `gh efaugbhg qug
ioupl.

L`gaìs, gh tgxti ireceflh `gh lrtáouhi <7:2 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh rgsuh-
rgsuh -
tlbl blstlftg ohlri lh pritgcgrhi, gstlbhgoegf`i qug gh vgf`g`ir pegr`g gh
`grgomi l iptlr pir hl rgsihuoeÿf `gh oiftrlti. Gsti secfeolbl qug lh fi
pi`grsg rgsihvgr gh oiftrlti, `eoml rghloeÿf oiftrlotulh gstlbl `gstefl`l
l surter phgfis gjgotis, rlzÿf pir hl oulh, prgsuaegf`i hl efgxestgfoel `g
lhcufl itrl oluslh `g efvlhe`gz i efgoloel `gh oiftrlti, åstg fi rgsuhtl-
rgsuhtl -
rál ltlolbhg.
@g gstl jiral, sg mlbrál pi`e`i hhgclr lh lbsur`i `g qug gh vgf`g`ir
tuvegrl qug sipirtlr ufl setuloeÿf oiai hl `gsoretl, lculr`lf`i seaphg-
seaphg -
agftg qug gf lhcûf aiagfti gh oiaprl`ir hhgcug l sgr sihvgftg y, rgoeåf
gf tlh setuloeÿf, pu`egrl mlogr vlhgr sus `grgomis. , pgir lûf, se tuvegsg
åxeti gf hl rgevef`eoloeÿf `gh begf y rgoupgrlrl su pisgseÿf, hugci pi`rál
vihvgrhl l pgr`gr se gh oiaprl`ir tgraeflsg `g plclrhg gh prgoei l`gu-
`l`i gsti gf oifse`grloeÿf l qug gh oiftrlti fi mlbrál pgr`e`i goloel fe
auomi agfis vlhe`gz.

0.3
. ¹
O uì
h gs sif
sif his ai`is `g rglhezlo
rglhezloeÿf
eÿf `g hl rgsgrv
rgsgrvl
l `g pripeg
pripeg`l`9
`l`9
Rgevef`eoloeÿf ûfeolagftg

Wfl vgz qug gh oiaprl`ir mlyl plcl`i ti`i gh prgoei i ufl plrtg
`gtgraefl`l `g åh, lutiaìteolagftg sg oifstetuyg oiai pripegtlrei `gh
begf altgrel `g hl oiaprlvgftl.
Gf tlh sgfte`i, hl pripeg`l`, gf tlfti prgrricltevl rgoifioe`l pir gh
ir`gflaegfti kurá`eoi, rgquegrg `g hl gxestgfoel `g ufl clrlftál gxtgrfl
qug hl tutghg `g alfgrl ibkgtevl. Fi ihve`gais qug ûfeolagftg sg tgf`rì
uf lutåfteoi `grgomi `g pripeg`l` oulf`i sg oiftgaphgf agolfesais `g
tutghl `gstefl`is l pritgcgrhi `gh efouapheaegfti `g his `gbgrgs qug `g åh
galflf. Gf gh ^grû, gh plrl`ecal `g `eoml tutghl sg gfougftrl rgprgsgftl`i
pir hl looeÿf rgevef`eoltirel.
Gh lrtáouhi 523 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh gstlbhgog qug Hl looeÿf rgevef`eol-
rgevef`eol -
tirel gs eaprgsoreptebhg. Fi priog`g oiftrl lqugh qug l`quereÿ gh begf pir
prgsorepoeÿf.

<32
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Hl rgevef`eoloeÿf gs hl looeÿf qug gkgroetl ufl pgrsifl plrl rgohlalr

hl rgstetuoeÿf `g uf begf (oisl) `gh qug prgtgf`g sgr pripegtlrei. _g blsl,
pir hi tlfti, gf hl gxestgfoel `gh `grgomi `g pripeg`l` y tegfg oiai flhe-
flhe-
`l` hl ibtgfoeÿf `g hl pisgseÿf .(<:2)

Gs, oiai segaprg sg ml gftgf`e`i, hl looeÿf qug gftlbhl gh pripegtlrei

fi pisgg`ir oiftrl gh pisgg`ir fi pripegtlrei.
Gf gh ^grû, ifzlhgs lrrÿf(<:?) sistegfg qug hl looeÿf rgevef`eoltirel
pug`g `gfersg oiai gh efstruagfti tápeoi `g hl pritgooeÿf `g hl pripeg-
pripeg -
`l` `g ti`i tepi `g begfgs, gf ouyl vertu` sg `gohlrl oiapribl`l hl pri-
peg`l` l jlvir `gh lotir y,
y, gf oifsgougfoel, sg hg pifg gf pisgseÿf `gh begf
plrl mlogr gjgotevi gh gkgroeoei `gh
`gh `grgomi.
Oifse`grlais qug jrgftg l hl fgcltevl `gh vgf`g`ir `g gftrgclr gh
begf, hugci `gh plci rglhezl`i pir gh oiaprl`ir (gf hl pripiroeÿf oifvg-
oifvg-
fe`l plrl qug ipgrg hl trlfsjgrgfoel `g hl pripeg`l`), gh agolfesai aìs
e`ÿfgi `g tutghl sg prgsgftl ag`elftg hl looeÿf rgevef`eoltirel ghhi, fltu-
fltu-
rlhagftg, oif hls gxogpoeifgs y slhvg`l`gs oiagftl`ls pir fisitris gf
fugstri lfìheses `gh pufti 0.: `g gstg efjirag.

0.=. uìh gs hl goloel `g hl clrlftál gf olsi `g priog`eaegfti `g ef -

sihvgfoel i `g uegbrl

Oifse`grlais qug ufl vgz oghgbrl`i gh oiftrlti `g oiaprlvgftl oif

ploti `g rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l`, hl trlfsjgrgfoel `g
`g åstl lh oiaprl`ir ûfeol
ûfeol--
agftg sg gfougftrl oif`eoeifl`l lh plci `g hl titlhe`l` i ufl plrtg `gtgr-
aefl`l `gh prgoei, sgcûf sg mubegrg oifvgfe`i gf gh oiftrlti.
Lsá, vgreol`i gh plci, sg pri`uog hl trlfsjgrgfoel `g `eoml pripeg`l`
`g alfgrl lutiaìteol.

(<:2) RLARG ORW, Gucgfei. Prltl`i `g @grgomis Rglhgs. Heal; G`etirelh _lf Alrois, <555, tiai
, p. 7:<.
(<:?) FLHG_ LRRF, uftmgr grfìf. Looeÿf rgevef`eoltirel y `gslhiki pir prgolrei. Gf
ur`eol. Heal; logtl Kurá`eol, F» 2?2, alrzi `g 2><?, p. ?=. _if rgquesetis gsgfoel-
otulhe`l` ur`eol gsgfoel-
hgs plrl laplrlr hl looeÿf rgevef`eoltirel qug gh lotir kustequg hl pripeg`l` `g his begfgs rgohlal -
`is oif tátuhis hgcáteais `g `iaefei, qug `gaugstrg hl e`gfte`l` `g tlhgs begfgs y qug his aesais
sg mlhhgf pisgá`is pir quegf fi tegfg tátuhi. lbeåf`isg pribl`i gf jiral jgmloegftg qug gh pisgg-
pisgg-
`ir tegfg hl oif`eoeÿf `g efquehefi `gh efaugbhg ouyl rgevef`eoloeÿf sg `galf`l, fi sg `l ufi `g his
rgquesetis plrl qug prispgrg hl looeÿf Gxp. F» :25-5?-ulfolvgheol.

<3?
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Grc
i, gh ibkgti `gh ploti oifstetuyg gh mgomi `g qug, se begf sg pri-
`uog hl gftrgcl `gh begf augbhg lh oiaprl`ir, `eoml gftrgcl fi oifhhgvl
hl trlfsaeseÿf `g hl pripeg`l`. @g gsl alfgrl, sef fgogse`l` `g ufl fugvl
gftrgcl, gh oiaprl`ir l`quererì hl pripeg`l` `g jiral lutiaìteol tlf
prifti sg vgrequg gh plci `g hi oifvgfe`i.
oifvgfe`i.
Hl flhe`l` `gh ploti `g rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l` rgse`g gf hl clrlftál
qug oifstetuyg gh lsgcurlaegfti `gh plci `gh prgoei lphlzl`i plrl gh vgf-
`g`ir.. Gf olsi `g efouapher
`g`ir efouapher,, gh vgf`g`ir fi tgf`rì aìs qug rgevef`eolr gh
augbhg ouyl pripeg`l` oiftefûl istgftlf`i jrgftg lh oiaprl`ir, seaphg
pisgg`ir `gh begf.
Aegftrls gh ploti `g rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l` sg gfougftrg vecgftg4 gs
`goer, aegftrls gh oiaprl`ir vl ltgf`egf`i his suogsevis vgfoeaegftis `g
his phlzis plotl`is, åstg olrgog `g jlouhtl`gs `g trlfsaeseÿf i pi`gr `g
`espiseoeÿf `gh augbhg l jlvir `g uf tgrogri. @eoml jlouhtl` `g trlfsae-
trlfsae -
seÿf `gbg gftgf`grsg tlfti vihuftlrel oiai jirzisl (oiai iourrerál gf
olsi `g uf priog`eaegfti `g efsihvgfoel).
Gf gh ^grû sg gstlbhgog, rgspgoti lh pltreaifei oiaprgf`e`i gf gh oif-
oursi, sgcûf gh lrtáouhi <0 `g hl Hgy gfgrlh `gh _estgal Oifourslh, qug
«Gh pltreaifei oiaprgf`g hl titlhe`l` `g begfgs, `grgomis y ibhecloei-
fgs `gh `gu`ir oifoursl`i, oif gxogpoeÿf `g sus begfgs efgablrclbhgs y
lqughhis gxprgslagftg gxohue`is pir hgygs gspgoelhgs´.
Lsá, jrgftg l uf supugsti `g efsihvgfoel `gh vgf`g`ir, se gh ploti
`g rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l` ml se`i efsoreti gf gh Rgcestri, sÿhi itirclrì lh
oiaprl`ir gh `grgomi l sgr plrtg `gh oifkufti `g lorgg`irgs gf tlh priog-
`eaegfti. Filorgg`irgs
lftg tgrogris ihve`gaisqugqugprgtgf`lf
hl goloelvgr`gsltesjgomls
hl clrlftálsus
ûfeolagftg
lorggfoelssgrì
oif
plrtg `gh pltreaifei
pltrea ifei `gh vgf`g`ir
vgf`g`ir  ghhi, oifjirag lh yl oetl`i lrtáouhi
lrtáouh i 02
`g hl Hgy `gh _estgal Oifourslh `gh ^grû (vgr pufti <.5 `g gstg olpátuhi).

7. GH JE@GEOIAE_I OIAI CLRL

CLRLFPÁL
FPÁL

7.<. uìh gs hl flturlhgl `gh `grgoi `g pripeg`l` `gh bgfgoelrei `g

seaphg-
hl clrlftál s ug sg hg oifse`grl oiai phgfi pripegtlrei seaphg-
agftg siagte`i l ufl ibhec l o eÿ
lo eÿf
f `g rg
rgst
stet
etuoe
uoeÿf,
ÿf, i gs
gstì
tì aì
s heae
aettl`l

<30
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

su pripeg`l` f gh olsi `g ug gxestl ufl `uoel prgvestl plrl gstg

supugsti, gstì efsperl`l gf hl `uoel-cgsteÿf, oifioe`l gf oegrtis
@g -
`grgois i gs `ejgrgftg _g pug`g lpghlr ufl `uoel `g tepi `gh @g-
rgomi
rgo R ialfi (`uoel oua org`etirg)9
mi Rialfi

Gf gh ^grû, gh `geoiaesi sg gfougftrl rgcuhl`i pir hl Hgy gfgrlh

`gh _estgal eflfoegri y `gh _estgal `g _gcuris y rcìfeol `g hl _upgref-
_upgref -
tgf`gfoel `g lfol y _gcuris, Hgy F» 2:3>2, `g jgoml 5 `g `eoegabrg `g
<55: (gf l`ghlftg, Hgy `gh _estgal eflfoegri), oiforgtlagftg gf his lr-
táouhis qug vlf `gh 20< lh 230.
Gh lrtáouhi 20< `g hl oetl`l Hgy prgsorebg qug Gh `geoiaesi gs ufl
rghloeÿf kurá`eol pir hl oulh gh `geoiaetgftg trlfsgrg begfgs gf `ge-
`ge-
oiaesi l itrl pgrsifl, `gfiaefl`l `uoelrei, plrl hl oifstetuoeÿf `g uf
pltreaifei `geoiagte`i, sukgti lh `iaefei `uoelrei `g gstg ûhteai y
ljgoti lh ouapheaegfti `g uf f gspgoáoi gf jlvir `gh `geoiaetgftg i
uf tgrogri
tefti `gfiaefl`i
lh pltreaifei `geoiaeslrei.
`gh `uoelrei, Gh pltreaifeii`geoiagte`i
`gh `geoiaetgftg, gs `es-
`esy-
`gh `geoiaeslrei
gf su olsi, `gh `gstefltlrei `g his begfgs rgalfgftgs´.
Oiai sgül hl Al
Alfu
fugh
gh `g hl Jh
Jhir
ir(<:0), gh oiftrlti `g `geoiaesi gs sea-
sea-
phg, pugsti qug gxestg ufl ufeÿf gstruoturlh, ufl sihl rghloeÿf kurá`eol
pltreaifelh oifstetue`l pir ghgagftis tlfti rglhgs oiai ibhecloeiflhgs,
tgfegf`i sus gjgotis uf aesai juf`lagfti oluslh. @g gstl alfgrl, hl
olusl i aitevi cgfgrl`ir `gh `geoiaesi gstlbhgog uf sihi váfouhi gftrg
hls plrtgs oiftrltlftgs, orglf`i lsá gh gjgoti prìoteoi qugre`i pir ghhls.
Gf oulfti l su oiftgfe`i, hl hgceshloeÿf `g ol`l plás hi oifcurl
sgcûf su pripel
hgceshloeifgs rglhe`l` y fgogse`l`gs,
hi oifcurlf pgri sg
oiai uf oiftrlti ibsgrvlpripei
gspgoelh, qug hl`gh
alyirál `g
@grgomi
lfolrei.
Lseaesai, gh `geoiaesi gs uf oiftrlti prefoeplh, pugsti qug pir sá
sihi sltesjlog phgflagftg gh gjgoti prìoteoi qugre`i pir hls plrtgs (lufqug

(<:0) @G HL HR AL_, Alfugh. h j`geoiaesi i`lhe`l`gs  trltlaegfti hgceshltei gf gh gr .

gses plrl iptlr gh tátuhi `g lbicl`i, sustgftl`l gf hl louhtl` `g @grgomi `g hl ^ifteoel Wfevgrse -
`l` Oltÿheol `gh ^grû, gh alrtgs 3 `g gfgri `g <553, p. 227.

<37
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

gs fgogslrei tgfgr prgsgftg qug gxestg ufl ai`lhe`l` ipgrltevl gf hl oulh

gh `geoiaesi sg prgsgftl oiai uf oiftrlti loogsirei l slbgr, gh `geoi-
`geoi -
aesi `g clrlftál).
trl olrlotgrásteol eapirtlftg `gh `geoiaesi gs qug pug`g sgr oif-
oif -
se`grl`i, `l`ls hls aûhtephgs ai`lhe`l`gs qug gs susogptebhg `g rgvgster,
oiai uf oiftrlti `g olabei, `g `espiseoeÿf, pgri gf ti`is his olsis sgrì
segaprg uf oiftrlti `g oiflfzl, pugsti qug gh `geoiaesi gs uf oiftrlti
eftu g rsiflg.
e tup

Wfi `g his tgals aìs pihåaeois rgspgoti lh oiftrlti `g `geoiaesi,

cerl gf tirfi l hl pisebehe`l` `g qug l trlvås suyi sg gstå cgfgrlf`i ufl
gspgoeg `g `grgomi rglh gspgoelh, `estefti `g his `gaìs rgcuhl`is pir gh
Oÿ`eci Oeveh y, gspgoelhagftg, `ejgrgftg `g hl pripeg`l`.
Gf gstg olsi, ¹sg oifse`grl oiai phgfi pripegtlrei seaphgagftg
siagte`i l ufl ibhecloeÿf `g rgstetuoeÿf, i gstì aìs heaetl`l su pripeg-
pripeg-
`l`9 _gcûf @g hl hir(<:7), gf ipefeÿf qug oiaplrteais, gh fugvi pripegtl-
pripegtl-
rei (gh `uoelrei) tegfg uf `grgomi heaetl`i, pugs, l `ejgrgfoel `g quegf gs
tetuhlr `g uf `grgomi `g pripeg`l`, fi sg gfougftrl gf olploe`l` `g gkgr-
ogr sibrg gh begf hl titlhe`l` `g hls jlouhtl`gs pisebhgs, fe `g gkgrogrhls `g
alfgrl gxohusevl y ufetlrel.
Lsá, oulf`i efcrgsl gh trus t lfchislkÿf l his sestgals hgclhgs efspe-
efspe -
rl`is gf gh @grgomi Rialfi, sg eftri`uog uf fugvi `grgomi rglh, qug fi
pisgg gh pi`gr phgfi qug `l gh `grgomi `g pripeg`l`, sefi qug gftrgcl uf
pi`gr aìs rg`uoe`i. lhlh heaetloeÿf pgraetg gftgf`gr hl vgr`l`grl flturl
flturl--
hgzl kurá`eol `g hl pripeg`l` gftrgcl`l gf gh `geoiaesi y qug hl `iotrefl
ml vgfe`i `gfiaeflf`i pripeg`l` `uoelrel i `iaefei `uoelrei.
Oifjirag l hi `espugsti gf gh lrtáouhi 272 `g hl oetl`l Hgy y gh lr-
táouhi 0 `g hl Rgsihuoeÿf F» <><>-55-__-75, pir `iaefei `uoelrei sg
gftegf`g gh `grgomi `g olrìotgr tgapirlh qug itircl lh `uoelrei hls jlouh-
jlouh -
tl`gs fgogslrels sibrg gh pltreaifei `geoiagte`i, plrl gh ouapheaegfti
`gh f i fgs `gh `geoiaesi `gftri `g hls heaetloeifgs gstlbhgoe`ls gf gh
loti oifstetutevi.

(<:7) @G HL HR AL_, Alfugh. Ip. o et., p. <<=.

<3:
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Gf gjgoti, gh `iaefei `uoelrei pgraetg l su tetuhlr gkgrogr lqughhis

ltrebutis `g hl pripeg`l` qug gf gh loti oifstetutevi gxprgslagftg sg hg
ltrebuygf oif gh f `g hicrlr uf ibkgtevi gspgoáoi gf bgfgoei `gh `ge-
`ge -
oiaeslrei . Fi sg trltl pugs `g ufl trlfsjgrgfoel `g pripeg`l`, sefi `g
(<::)

ufl ogseÿf `g oegrtis ltrebutis efmgrgftgs l gstg `grgomi rglh oif gh gxohu-
gxohu -
sevi f `g sltesjlogr hi `espugsti pir gh `geoiaetgftg.
Gf tlh sgfte`i, gh `uoelrei cizl `g jlouhtl`gs sibrg his lotevis qug
oifjiralf gh pltreaifei `geoiagte`i, pgri gf fefcûf olsi pug`gf sgr
gqueplrl`ls l hl pripeg`l`. Gf ipefeÿf `g Gsoiblr Rizls(<:3), sg pug-
`gf gstlbhgogr hls secuegftgs `ejgrgfoels gftrg gh `iaefei `uoelrei y hl
pripeg`l`;
e) g foel; hls jlouhtl`gs `gh `uoelrei sg gfougftrlf heaetl`ls tgapi-
Zec tgapi-
rlhagftg pir hl vecgfoel `gh `geoiaesi, aegftrls qug hls jlouhtl`gs
`gh pripegtlrei fi hi gstìf.

ee) Oiftgfe`i; gh `uoelrei fi pug`g `gstruer his begfgs aegftrls qug gh

pripegtlrei sá.
eee) Jeflhe`l`; hls jlouhtl`gs `gh `uoelrei sg gkgrogf plrl ibtgfgr ufl
flhe`l` prgoesl y gstlbhgoe`l gf gh loti oifstetutevi. Gf gh olsi `gh
pripegtlrei, åstg pug`g
pug`g busolr
busolr oulhquegr
oulhquegr flhe`l`
flhe`l` fi primebe`l pir hgy.
hgy.
Oiai pi`gais lprgoelr, gxestgf crlf`gs `ejgrgfoels gftrg gh `grgomi
`g pripeg`l` y gh `iaefei `uoelrei, qug gs hl olhe`l` gf hl qug sg trlfs-
trlfs-
aetgf his begfgs gf uf `geoiaesi.
^ir itri hl`i, se begf gh `geoiaesi gstì efsperl`i gf hl curl `g hl
`uoel-cgsteÿf, tegfg,
sus rlscis pripeis. Gfgfgstg
gh olsi, pir gkgaphi,
`geoiaesi `gh `geoiaesi
his begfgs eftgcrl`is gf
gf clrlftál,
gh pltre-
pltre -
aifei `geoiagte`i gstìf `gstefl`is l lsgcurlr gh ouapheaegfti `g `gtgr-
aefl`ls ibhecloeifgs, oifogrtl`ls i pir oifogrtlr, l olrci `gh `geoiae-
`geoiae -
tgftg i `g uf tgrogri.

(<::) HL FLLRR, Kircg. Wfl veseÿf cgfgrlh sibrg hl tetuhezloeÿf `g lotevis gf gh ^grû. Gf Pmg-
aes. Heal, F» 70, 2>>3, p. <=?.
(<:3) G_OLR RL_, rg``y. rgvg gfslyi sibrg gh `iaefei `uoelrei gf gh sestgal kurá`eoi
pgrulfi´. Gf Pmgaes. Heal, F» 0=, 2>>0, p. 5= y ss.

<33
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Gf tlh sgfte`i, gh `geoiaeslrei, gf su olhe`l` `g lorgg`ir, pug`g

rgqugrer lh `uoelrei hl gkgouoeÿf i gflkgfloeÿf `g lougr`i lh priog-
priog-
`eaegfti gstlbhgoe`i gf gh loti oifstetutevi(<:=).
Gf gh ^grû, tlh gs hl rlzÿf pir hl oulh ufl `g hls `evgrsls alfgrls oiai
sg lpheol gh `geoiaesi gs hl `g jufoeiflr oiai clrlftál mepitgolrel. Gf
vertu` `g hl aesal, gh lfoi e`uoelrei lsuag hl jufoeÿf `g clrlftál `g
uf efaugbhg oif hl flhe`l` `g oubrer ufl ibhecloeÿf pgf`egftg `g plci l
uf tgrogr lorgg`ir(<:5).
Gf gh oifvgfei qug sg oghgbrl, qug`l gstepuhl`i qug se gh `gu`ir fi
plcl su `gu`l, gh lfoi e`uoelrei slolrì l rgaltg gh begf, gf hl jiral
oifvgfe`l gf hl gsoreturl pûbheol `g oifstetuoeÿf `gh crlvlagf, `g ai`i
tlh qug oif gh pri`uoti `g hl rgjgre`l vgftl sg plclrìf hls lorggfoels
gxestgftgs(<3>).
Gf rghloeÿf lh `geoiaesi gf clrlftál, gh lrtáouhi 230 `g hl Hgy `gh
_estgal eflfoegri gstlbhgog qug Hl gaprgsl qug itircug orå`etis oif
ufl clrlftál `uoelrel oifstetue`l oif ufl tgrogrl gaprgsl `uoelrel sg
rgslroerì `gh orå`eti efouaphe`i oif gh rgsuhtl`i qug sg ibtgfcl `g hl gkg-
ouoeÿf `gh pltreaifei `geoiagte`i, gf hl jiral prgvestl gf gh oiftrlti i
oif gh pripei pltreaifei `geoiagte`i oulf`i åstg sg gfougftrg eftgcrl`i
pir `efgri, `lf`i ougftl, gf gstg ûhteai olsi, l hl _upgreftgf`gfoel. _if
gxohuygftgs hl olhe`l` `g `uoelrei y lorgg`ir.
Rgsuhtl gve`gftg qug gh juf`lagfti `gh oetl`i lrtáouhi 230 lpghl l hl
trl`eoeÿf `gh @grgomi Rialfi. Gf hl j`uoel oua org`etir
org`etirgg, gh `uoelrei
l`quegrg uf pi`gr kurá`eoi oiaphgti `gs`g gh pufti `g vestl `g his `grg-
omis rglhgs4
`uoelrei pgri,
gstì `gs`gpir
heaetl`i gh pufti `g vestl lsuae`l
hl ibhecloeÿf `g his `grgomis pgrsiflhgs,
`g rgstetuer hl oisl gh
se
sg plcl hl `gu`l. Gh `uoelftg ml `g oiflr gf qug gh `uoelrei i lorgg -
`ir lkustlrì su oif`uotl l hi oifvgfe`i gftrg labis4 pir ghhi sg `gfiaefl
tlabeåf gstl curl `uoel oif gh lorgg`ir (j`uoel oua org`etirg
org`etirg).

(<:=) Ojr. AHL ., @lfegh. e`geoiaesi gf clrlftál. Gf Ef`us tr trel

elhh @ltl. ih. 7, F» 2, Heal, 2>>2.
@ltl
mttp;//sesbeb.ufasa.g`u.pg/bebvertulh/pubheoloeifgs/ef`ltl/v>7f2/`geclrlf.mta (vesetl`i gh
?>/>=/2><0).
(<:5) Ebá`ga.
(<3>) Ebá`ga.

<3=
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

7.2. O
¹ uìh gs gh ìa be
beti
ti gf oulfti
oulfti l his
his be
begfg
gfgs9
s9 ¹
P i`
i`i
i tep
tepi
i `g
`g beg
begfgs9
fgs9
^ ug`
¹ ug`gg oifo
oifogr
grfer
fer ufl ufevgr
ufevgrsl
slhe
he`l
`l`9
`9 ¹
@ gbgf his begfgs
begf gs gstlr fgog-
slrelagftg e`gfteol`is _g rguegrg fgogslrelagftg uf oiftrlti

Gf gh ^grû, hl Hgy `gh _estgal eflfoegri ml gstlbhgoe`i gf su lrtáouhi

20< qug gh `geoiaesi gs ufl rghloeÿf kurá`eol pir hl oulh gh `geoiae-
`geoiae -
tgftg trlfsgrg begfgs gf `geoiaesi l itrl pgrsifl, `gfiaefl`l `uoel-
`uoel-
rei, plrl hl oifstetuoeÿf `g uf pltreaifei `geoiagte`i, sukgti lh `iaefei
`uoelrei `g gstg ûhteai y ljgoti lh ouapheaegfti `g uf f gspgoáoi gf
jlvir `gh `geoiaetgftg i uf tgrogri `gfiaefl`i `geoiaeslrei.
Oiai sg pug`g lprgoelr, hl oetl`l Hgy fi mlog `ejgrgfoels gf tirfi l
ouìhgs sif hls olrlotgrásteols `gh begf i begfgs ibkgti `g trlfsjgrgfoel. Fi
ibstlftg, oifse`grlais qug lh sgr ufl rghloeÿf kurá`eol pltreaifelh siag-
siag -
te`l l hls rgchls `gh @grgomi `g hls bhecloeifgs (lrcuagfti `g his lr -
táouhis <<0? y <<00 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh), his begfgs `gbgf `g sgr `gtgraefl-
`gtgraefl-
`is i `gtgraeflbhgs,
ufevgrslhe`l`, pugs sgpgri gf fefcûf
prgtgf`g olsi begfgs
qug gstis ef`gtgraefl`is i rgjgre`ispug`lf
fgogslrelagftg l ufl
sgr e`gfteol`is.
Gh efoesi 7 `gh lrtáouhi 2:7 `g hl Hgy `gh _estgal eflfoegri sglhl
qug gh `geoiaesi gs fuhi _e ti`is his begfgs qug hi `gbgf eftgcrlr gstìf
jugrl `gh oiagroei. ^ir gf`g, sg rgquegrg, gf prefoepei, qug gh begf sg
gfougftrg `gftri `gh oiagroei, vlhg `goer, qug sltesjlcl y servl plrl ufl
flhe`l` `gtgraefl`l gf hl sioeg`l`.
_ef gablrci, gh lrtáouhi 2:: `gh aesai ougrpi firaltevi ml gstlbhg-
gstlbhg -
oe`i qug «Gf gh olsi qug ufi i aìs `g his begfgs qug `gbgf eftgcrlr gh
`geoiaesi
subsestg oif sg
hisgfougftrgf jugrl `gh oiagroei,
begfgs rgalfgftgs´. Gs `goer, seghlhcufis
`geoiaesi
`g hisgs vìhe`i
begfgs qugy
sg mlf trlfsjgre`i sg gfoiftrlsgf jugrl `gh oiagroei, tlh mgomi fi efvlhe`l
gh `geoiaesi, pugs åstg oiftefulrál tgfegf`i vlhe`gz y goloel rgspgoti
`g his itris. Ghhi gstì gf phgfl oifjirae`l` oif gh prefoepei `g oifsgrvl-
oifsgrvl -
oeÿf `gh oiftrlti, qug efsperl hl hgceshloeÿf oeveh floeiflh.
eflhagftg, gs ohlri qug plrl hl oifstetuoeÿf `gh `geoiaesi gf gh
^grû, sg rgquegrg `g uf oiftrlti, oiai vgrgais lh oiftgstlr hl secuegftg
prgcuftl. Fi ibstlftg, fl`l eape`g qug sg oifstetuyl pir vihuftl` ufehl-
ufehl-
tgrlh (tgstlagfti) `gh `geoiaetgftg i pir hgy.

<35
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

7.?. uìhgs sif hls oif`eoeifgs `g vlhe`g  `g ipifebehe`l` s ug sg

trltl `g uf oiftrlti oifsgfsulh i jiralh uìhgs sif hls ag`e`ls
`g pubheoe`l` s ug his begfgs ibgti `g hl clrlftál sg juf`gf gf
gh pltreaifei `gh bgfgoelrei

^ir gh `geoiaesi gh `geoiaetgftg trlfsgrg begfgs lh `uoelrei,

quegf sg ibhecl l `espifgr `g ghhis `g ufl jiral `gtgraefl`l y l jlvir `gh
`geoiaeslrei.
Lh rgspgoti, gh lrtáouhi 20: `g hl Hgy `gh _estgal eflfoegri sglhl
qug hl oifstetuoeÿf `gh `geoiaesi sg gjgotûl y pgrjgooeifl pir oiftrlti
gftrg gh `geoiaetgftg y hl gaprgsl `uoelrel, jiralhezl`i ag`elftg
efstruagfti prevl`i i pritioihezl`i fitlrelhagftg. Oulf`i gh oiftrlti
oiapirtl hl trlfsjgrgfoel `uoelrel `g lotevis aibehelreis, `gbg sgr efs-
efs -
oreti gf hl Ogftrlh `g Regscis `g hl _upgreftgf`gfoel `g lfol, _gcuris
y L`aefestrl`irls `g if`is `g ^gfseifgs, sgcûf hi oifse`grg gh `ge-
`ge-
oiaetgftg. Gh `geoiaesi
oifstetuer pir oiai yl
vihuftl` ufehltgrlh `ghmgais sglhl`igxprgsl`l
`geoiaetgftg tlabeåf sg
gf pug`g
tgstl-
tgstl-
agfti i pir
pi r hgy.
^lrl hl vlhe`gz `gh loti oifstetutevi `gh `geoiaesi, oifjirag lh lr-
táouhi 20? `g hl rgjgre`l Hgy, gs gxecebhg lh `geoiaetgftg hl jlouhtl` `g
`espifgr `g his begfgs y `grgomis qug trlfsaetl, sef pgrkueoei `g his rgque-
setis qug hl hgy gstlbhgog plrl ti`i loti kurá`eoi(<3<).
Gf rghloeÿf l hls ag`e`ls `g pubheoe`l`, sg gstlbhgog gf gh lrtáouhi 20:
`g hl oetl`l Hgy, qug plrl ipifgr gh `geoiaesi l tgrogris sg rgquegrg qug
hl trlfsaeseÿf lh `uoelrei `g his begfgs y `grgomis efsorebebhgs sgl lfi-
lfi -
tl`l gf gh Rgcestri
y `grgomis ^ûbheoioif
sg pgrjgooeifg oirrgspif`egftg,
hl trl`eoeÿf, ghygf`isi
qug hl uitrl
itriohlsg `g begfgs
rgqueseti gxe-
gxe-
ce`i pir hl hgy.

(<3<) `eci eeh `gh gr;

Lrtáouhi <0>.- Gh loti kurá`eoi gs hl alfejgstloeÿf `g vihuftl` `gstefl`l l orglr, rgcuhlr, ai`eolr
i gxtefcuer rghloeifgs kurá`eols. ^lrl su vlhe`gz sg rgquegrg;
<.- Lcgftg olplz.
2.- bkgti jáseol y kurá`eolagftg pisebhg.
?.- ef háoeti.
0.- bsgrvlfoel `g hl jiral prgsoretl blki slfoeÿf `g fuhe`l`.

<=>
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

rltìf`isg `g uf `geoiaesi gf clrlftál, hl efsorepoeÿf gf gh rgces-

rgces-
tri rgspgotevi hg itircl gh aesai ir`gf `g prghloeÿf qug oirrgspif`g, gf
rlzÿf lh tegapi `g su efsorepoeÿf.
His begfgs qug rgoebg gh `uoelrei jiralf uf pltreaifei lutÿfiai
(`iaefei `uoelrei), `estefti `g su pltreaifei, gh oulh gs ljgotl`i l uf
f `gtgraefl`i. Gstis begfgs tlapioi sg oifstetuygf gf gh pltreaifei `gh
`geoiaeslrei, ti`l vgz qug tegfg ufl gxestgfoel lutÿfial (pltreaifei `g
`gstefi i `g ljgotloeÿf).

7.0. ^ug`g hl clrlftál, ufl vg plcl`i gh lorgg`ir, bgfgoelr l stg

plrl itrl `gu`l i l itri lorgg`ir9

Gh `uoelrei gkgrog `iaefei `uoelrei sibrg gh pltreaifei `geoi-

`geoi -
agte`i. lh `iaefei hg oifgrg phgfls pitgstl`gs, efohue`ls hls `g l`ae-
l`ae-
festrloeÿf, usi, `espiseoeÿf y rgevef`eoloeÿf sibrg his begfgs qug oifjir-
alf gh pltreaifei
oif lrrgchi `geoiagte`i.
l hl flhe`l` i`ls
plrl hl qug juggsls jlouhtl`gs
oifstetue`i gh `gbgf sgr gkgroe`ls
`geoiaesi, y oif
ibsgrvlfoel `g hls heaetloeifgs qug sg mubegrgf gstlbhgoe`i gf gh loti
oifstetutevi.
Lseaesai, gh `geoiaesi tgraefl, oifjirag lh efoesi : `gh lrtáouhi
2:5 `g hl Hgy `g lfol y _gcuris, pir lbgrsg ouaphe`i hl flhe`l`
plrl hl oulh jug oifstetue`i. Gf tlh sgfte`i, ufl vgz qug gh pltreaifei
`geoiagte`i sg mlyl hebgrl`i `gh loti pir gh oulh jug oifstetue`i (oua-
(oua-
pheaegfti), lplrgftgagftg, oif pistgre`l` hl clrlftál sg pi`rál oifstetuer
plrl ufl fugvl rghloeÿf oiftrlotulh
oiftrlotulh i, hgcátealagftg, plrl itri lorgg`ir
lorgg`ir.

_ef gablrci,
pribhgal ghhi fi gs lsá, pugs
plrl gh `geoiaetgftg. Oiaighquegrl
`geoiaesi
qug lh gf clrlftálghijrgog
trlfsjgrer
trlfsjgrer uf
begf `gkl
`g sgr pripegtlrei, yl fi pi`rál oifstetuer sibrg åh fugvis crlvìagfgs.
Gsti fi iourrg gf hl clrlftál aibehelrel fe gf hl mepitgol, `if`g gh `gu-
`ir pug`g oifstetuer sgcuf`ls y uhtgreirgs clrlftáls `g ufi u itri tepi(<32).

(<32) Rgspgoti l hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel, tgfgais qug su fuagrlh 3 sglhl qug @urlftg hl vecgf-
vecgf-
oel `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel, gh oifstetuygftg pug`g oifstetuer clrlftál aibehelrel `g sgcuf`i y pis-
tgreirgs rlfcis sibrg gh aesai begf augbhg, oif lvesi fitlrelh lh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i `g hl preagrl
clrlftál´.
Rgspgoti l hl mepitgol, tgfgais gh lrtáouhi <<? `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, gh oulh gstlbhgog qug; Fi sg pug`g
rgfufoelr l hl jlouhtl` `g crlvlr gh begf oif sgcuf`l y uhtgreirgs mepitgols.

<=<
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

7.7. uìhgs sif his rguesetis  ai`is `g rglheloeÿf `g hl clrlftál

ÿai tialf gf ougftl gh goi `g ug gh lorgg`ir clrlftel`i l
ltrebu--
gs pripegtlrei s fgogslrel ufl `goeseÿf `g usteoel ug hg ltrebu
l `gfetevlagftg hl pripeg`l`

Oiai gs oifioe`i, hls clrlftáls kugclf uf rih auy eapirtlftg gf gh

itirclaegfti `g his orå`etis blfolreis, lh mlogr qug `esaefuylf his regs-
cis `g gvgftulhgs pår`e`ls pir efouapheaegfti `g his `gu`irgs. _u gol-
gol-
oel rl`eol prefoeplhagftg gf hl rlpe`gz `g hl gkgouoeÿf, hi qug pgraetg lh
lorgg`ir rgoupgrlr su orå`eti.
rgftg l ghhi, uf ag`ei golz `g clrlftál gf gh sestgal flfoegri gstì
oifstetue`i pir gh `geoiaesi gf clrlftál. Oifjirag lh lrtáouhi 23? `g
hl Hgy `gh _estgal eflfoegri, hl gaprgsl qug itircug orå`etis oif ufl
clrlftál `uoelrel oifstetue`l oif ufl tgrogrl gaprgsl `uoelrel sg rgslr-
oerì `gh orå`eti efouaphe`i oif gh rgsuhtl`i qug sg ibtgfcl `g hl gkgouoeÿf
`gh pltreaifei
pripei `geoiagte`i,
pltreaifei `geoiagte`igf hl jiralåstg
oulf`i prgvestl gf gh oiftrlti
sg gfougftrg i oifpir
eftgcrl`i gh
`efgri, `lf`i ougftl, gf gstg ûhteai olsi l hl _upgreftgf`gfoel.
Lh rgspgoti, Jrlfoesoi Lvgf`lüi (<3?) sglhl qug gh lrtáouhi 23? pgr-
aeterál qug uf `gu`ir (`geoiaetgftg) trlfsgrl l ufl gaprgsl `uoelrel
hl pripeg`l` `g uf efaugbhg l f `g qug clrlfteog gh plci `g ufl `gu`l
jrgftg l uf lorgg`ir (`geoiaeslrei). _e gh `gu`ir fi ouaphg oif su ibhe-
ibhe-
cloeÿf, gh `uoelrei priog`grál l hl vgftl `gh begf gf hl jiral plotl`l lh
oifstetuersg gh `geoiaesi, `gsteflf`i gh pri`uoti `g hl vgftl l sltesjlogr
hl `gu`l `gh lorgg`ir (qug pi`rál sgr uf blfoi). Hl ûfeol heaetloeÿf gf
gstl ipgrloeÿf sgrál qug gh lorgg`ir fi pi`rál sgr gh `uoelrei.
Hls firals `gh priogsi `g gkgouoeÿf `g clrlftáls aibehelrels i mepi-
mepi-
tgolrels, fi sg lpheolf lh `geoiaesi. @g itri hl`i, gs gh pripei `gu`ir
(`geoiaetgftg) quegf trlfsaetg `g alfgrl vihuftlrel hl pripeg`l` `g
su begf lh `uoelrei plrl qug servl `g clrlftál y sgl vgf`e`i gf olsi `g
efouapheaegfti.
Gh `uoelrei seaphgagftg ouaphg oif gh gfolrci `gh `gu`ir, gf hl jiral
sgül hl`l pir åstg,
åstg, `espifegf
`espifegf`i
`i `gh begf
begf oif lrrgchi
lrrgchi l hls gstepuh
gstepuhloeif
loeifgs
gs

(<3?) LGF@L LRLFL, rlfoesoi. Gh `geoiaesi. Gf; Rgvestl ^WO^

^WO^. F» 7>, Heal, <55:, p. ?:?.

<=2
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

oiftgfe`ls gf gh efstruagfti `g oifstetuoeÿf `gh `geoiaesi. @gbg tgfgrsg

gf ougftl qug sÿhi `gtgraefl`ls gaprgsls pug`gf sgr `uoelrels. ^ir hl
pripel flturlhgzl y rih goifÿaeoi `g gstls efstetuoeifgs, ghhls cizlf `g
ufl sgreg `g prgrricltevls.

¹Lhcuegf sg oifstetuyg oiai pripegtlrei9 Oifse`grlais qug fi. Gh

`uoelrei qug fi pug`g sgr `geoiaeslrei l`quegrg hl pripeg`l` `gh
begf y `gbg `espifgr `gh aesai gf hl jiral plotl`l gf gh `iouagfti `g
oifstetuoeÿf `gh `geoiaesi. Gs `goer, gf gh ^grû, gh `uoelrei rgprgsgftl
uf ag`ei plrl qug sg pug`l rglhezlr gh `geoiaesi. @g fefcufl alfgrl hl
l`queseoeÿf `gh begf hi oifvegrtg gf pripegtlrei `gfetevi, pugs åstg `gbg
`espifgr `gh begf oifjirag l hi qug jug plotl`i lh oghgbrlr gh `geoiaesi.
Lsá, his lotis `g `espiseoeÿf sibrg gh begf sg gfougftrlf rgstrefce`is l
lqughhis qug jugrif oifvgfe`is pir hls plrtgs.
Gf oulfti lh `geoiaeslrei, åstg tlapioi sg lpripel `gh begf. _ÿhi vg
sltesjgomi su orå`eti oif gh pri`uoti `g hl vgftl `ergotl `gh begf.

7.:. uìh gs hl goloel `g hl clrlftál gf olsi `g priog`eaegfti `g ef -

sihvgfoel i `g uegbrl

Wfl `g hls olrlotgrásteols `gh `geoiaesi, oifsestg gf qug his begfgs

sg ljgotlf `g tlh jiral qug ûfeolagftg pug`lf `g`eolrsg l his fgs prggs-
prggs -
tlbhgoe`is oiftrlotulhagftg.
Gf tlh sgfte`i, hl `gohlrltirel `g quegbrl `g ufl pgrsifl tegfg oegrtis
gjgotis sibrg his oiftrltis qug åh aesai mubegsg susoreti, pgri fi sibrg
ti`is.
Gf gjgoti, gh lrtáouhi 277 `g hl Hgy `gh _estgal eflfoegri sglhl
qug gf olsi `g heque`loeÿf `g hl gaprgsl `uoelrel, lsestg l quegfgs tgf-
tgf-
clf hgcáteai eftgrås gh `grgomi `g e`gfteolr y rgsoltlr his begfgs y `grg-
`grg -
omis gxestgftgs qug pgrtgfgzolf lh pltreaifei `geoiagte`i, gf oulhquegr
gstl`i `gh priogsi, pir fi jiralr plrtg `g hl alsl. ^ir gh vlhir `g his beg-
beg-
fgs, rgoursis háque`is y `grgomis pgr`e`is i fi e`gfteolbhgs `gh `geoi-
`geoi -
aesi, gh `geoiaeslrei tegfg sibrg hl alsl, mlstl pir gh eapirtg `g hl rgs-
rgs -
pifslbehe`l` `g hl gaprgsl `uoelrel, uf orå`eti laplrl`i oif prevehgcei
cgfgrlh `g preagr ir`gf.

<=?
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

His lotevis trlfsjgre`is gf `geoiaesi sg vughvgf efgablrclbhgs, fi

jiralf plrtg `g hl alsl oifourslh `g ufl gaprgsl.
^ir tlh rlzÿf, gh `geoiaesi rgprgsgftl ufl lhtgrfltevl auomi aìs
vgftlkisl qug hls itrls jirals `g clrlftál `g flfoelaegfti trl`eoeiflhgs,
qug rgquegrgf oifstetuer oiai clrlftáls his lotevis kis `g hl gaprgsl. ^ir
gkgaphi, hl mepitgol `g uf efaugbhg, qug gs vuhfgrlbhg l ag`e`ls olutghl-
rgs y priogsis `g oibrlfzl, priaive`is pir itris lorgg`irgs, y qug lftg
ufl gvgftulh jlhtl `g plci tgf`rál qug gkgoutlrsg l trlvås `g uf priogsi
ku`eoelh, i uf rgaltg
rgaltg `gh begf mepitgol`i
mepitgol`i rglhezl`i pir uf tgrogri, oiaphe-
olf`i lsá gh plci `gh orå`eti y/i eforgagftlf`i su oisti l trlvås `g hls
tlsls `g eftgrås.
L `ejgrgfoel `g ghhi, uf `geoiaesi tegfg hl vgftlkl `g qug his begfgs
qug hi eftgcrlf jiralf plrtg `g uf pltreaifei lutÿfiai, lkgfi l his pri-
pri -
bhgals goifÿaeois qug pug`lf
pug`lf sujrer tlfti gh `geoiaetgftg,
`geoiaetgftg, gh `uoelrei
i gh `geoiaeslrei.
Gf oifsgougfoel, gf gh ^grû, oifse`grlf`i qug gh pltreaifei fi rgs-
pif`g pir hls `gu`ls `gh `geoiaetgftg, `gh `geoiaeslrei, fe `gh `u
`u--
oelrei, gh pltreaifei gs efgablrclbhg y sg gfougftrl jugrl `g hl alsl
oifourslh.

:. HL L@
L@\WE_EOE
\WE_EOEßF
ßF @G HL ^RI
^RI^EG
^EG@L
@L@
@ (HL_F) OIAI
CLRLFPÁL

:.<. Fioeÿf  usteoloeÿf sg trltl `g ufl vgr`l`grl clrlftál L u

fgogse`l` oirrgspif`g gstg agolfesai (clr lft

ftáál eft
eftggc
r l`l l ufl
ipgrloeÿf `g flfoelaegfti ggaphi `gh hglsefc i `g itris lrrgf-
`laegftis flfoegris)

Gh oiftrlti agrolfteh `g hglsefc i `g lrrgf`laegfti flfoegri, rgs-

rgs-
pif`g l hl fgogse`l` gaprgslrelh `g oiaprlr begfgs gf cgfgrlh qug ser-
vlf plrl gh `gslrrihhi y orgoeaegfti `g hl gaprgsl, tlhgs oiai efaugbhgs,
alqueflrel y gquepis, sef qug sgl plrl ghhi fgogslrei ibtgfgr ufl jugrtg
sual `g `efgri qug eaphequg gstl l`queseoeÿf.
_g trltl `g ufl ai`lhe`l` org`eteoel, qug pgraetg l hls gaprgsls tgfgr
jìoeh loogsi lh flfoelaegfti `g lotevis, plclf`i ouitls `g lrrgf`laegfti

<=0
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

agfsulhgs pir gh usi `g `eomis begfgs, l`queregf`i hl pripeg`l` `g his

aesais lh tåraefi `gh oiftrlti.
^ir gh oiftrlti `g hglsefc i lrrgf`laegfti flfoegri, ufl pgrsifl
firalhagftg `g`eol`l l hl loteve`l` ef`ustrelh, oiagroelh i `g sgrveoeis
fgogsetl`l `g rgoursis flfoegris plrl l`querer begfgs `g olpetlh, alque-
alque-
flrel y gquepis i `g efaugbhgs, sg pifg gf oiftloti oif uf privgg`ir plrl
`gtgraeflr hls oif`eoeifgs `g sus rgqugreaegftis. `gfteol`ls hls fgogse-
fgogse-
`l`gs, labis sukgtis gftrlf gf oiftloti oif ufl gaprgsl blfolrel i gfte-
`l` gspgoelhezl`l, l gjgotis `g siheoetlr lprugbg flfoelr hl oiaprl `g his
begfgs rgqugre`is pir su ohegftg(<30).
Ag`elftg ral `gh oiftrlti, kufti l hl priagsl `g qug gh begf sgrì
tial`i gf lhquehgr, gh lfoi priog`g l l`quererhi `gh privgg`ir y l gftrg-
gftrg-
cìrsghi gf lrrgf`laegfti lh ef`ustrelh pir uf phlzi `gtgraefl`i, cgfgrlh-
agftg vefouhl`i lh phlzi `g lairtezloeÿf `gh orå`eti(<37).

Gf gsg ir`gf `g e`gls, gh lrrgf`ltlrei tegfg hl ipoeÿf `g oiaprlr gh begf

lrrgf`l`i plclf`i uf prgoei `gtgraefl`i lh flh `gh oiftrlti (ipoeÿf `g
oiaprl). ^gri gf rglhe`l`, gh lrrgf`ltlrei tegfg `is olaefis lhtgrfltevis;
<) Gkgrogr hl ipoeÿf
ipoeÿf `g oiaprl `gh`gh begf pir gh vlhir rgse`ulh
rgse`ulh (`ejgrgfoel
(`ejgrgfoel
gftrg gh prgoei `g l`queseoeÿf efeoelh qug tuvi gh lrrgf`l`ir aìs his
clstis g eftgrgsgs, y hls olfte`l`gs lbifl`ls pir gh lrrgf`ltlrei).
2) Fi gkgrogr hl ipoeÿf `g oiaprl y pir tlfti `gvihvgr gh begf lh
lrrgf`l`ir.
Hl ipgrloeÿf `gsoretl sg gfougftrl rgcuhl`l pir gh @gorgti Hgceshl-
Hgceshl -
tevi
oegri,F»gh255, ouyi lrtáouhi
Oiftrlti < gstlbhgog
Agrolfteh Oifse`årlsg
qug tegfg pir ibkgti Lrrgf`laegfti
Lrrgf`la
hl hioloeÿfegfti
`g eflf-
eflf
begfgs-
augbhgs i efaugbhgs pir ufl gaprgsl hiol`irl plrl gh usi pir hl lrrgf`l-
tlrel, ag`elftg plci `g ouitls pgreÿ`eols y oif ipoeÿf l jlvir `g hl lrrgf-
lrrgf-
`ltlrel `g oiaprlr `eomis begfgs pir uf vlhir plotl`i´.

(<30) Ojr. R@RWG GHLR@G, Klvegr. iftrltloef gaprgslrelh. Heal; G`etirelh Ri`mls, <55=.
Rgoursi ghgotrÿfeoi; mttp;//.ri`recugzvghlr`g.oia.pg/p`j/hebri2plrtg?olp3.p`j (Zesetl`i
gh 2>->=-<0).
(<37) Ebá`ga.

<=7
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Hl fgogse`l` `g gqueplaegfti `g hls gaprgsls `gbg oifoehelrsg oif

hl efsuoegfoel `g uf olpetlh oerouhlftg. Ghhi, plrl gvetlr uf crlf gf`gu`l-
gf`gu`l -
aegfti qug pug`l lolrrglr oiai oifsgougfoel hl plrlhezloeÿf `g hls lote-lote -
ve`l`gs `g hl gaprgsl.

Gh hglsefc oifstetuyg gh efstruagfti l`goul`i plrl hicrlr gsg rggque-

plaegfti qug, cgfgrlhagftg, fgogsetl `g crlf`gs olpetlhgs y qug fi pug-
`gf sustrlgrsg `gh priogsi pri`uotevi, pugs pgraetg rggaphlzlr gquepis
ibsihgtis i yl gfvgkgoe`is sef lou`er l hl oiaprlvgftl.
Gh hglsefc oifstetuyg, gf ipefeÿf fugstrl, ufl clrlftál eapripel, ti`l
vgz qug gs gh aesai begf ibkgti `g hglsefc gh qug lotûl oiai clrlftál
`gh oiftrlti. Gve`gftgagftg, `g alfgrl l`eoeiflh, sg sughgf rgqugrer itrls
clrlftáls pgrsiflhgs (pir gkgaphi, l`irgs).

:.2. uìh gs gh ìabeti `g gstl clrlftál f oulfti l his begfgs gs ug
ti`is his begfgs augbhgs
au gbhgs pug`gf sgr ibkgti
ibkgti `g
`g gstl
gstl ipgrloeÿf9
ipgrloeÿf9 Gf
oulfti l hls pgrsifls gs ug gstì heaetl`l l his prijgseiflhgs

Gh ibkgti `gh oiftrlti `g hglsefc sg gfougftrl rghloeifl`i oif hls lote-

ve`l`gs blfolrels, flfoegrls i oulhquegr itrl lutirezl`l pir hl _upgref-
_upgref-
tgf`gfoel `g lfol, _gcuris y L`aefestrl`irls `g if`is `g ^gfseifgs.
Oiai mgais agfoeifl`i, gstg oiftrlti agrolfteh tegfg pir gsgfoel flf-flf -
oelr l ufl gaprgsl plrl qug pug`l l`querer uf `gtgraefl`i begf. ^gri
`eomi flfoelaegfti pisgg olrlotgrásteols qug hi `ejgrgfoelf sustlfoelh-
sustlfoelh -
agftg `g uf oiftrlti `g autui i `g háfgl `g orå`eti.
@gbgais oifse`grlr gh gjgoti qug tegfg gstl jiral `g gkgouoeÿf `gh
oiftrlti,
`uzol oifgshl`goer, qug hl `gh
oghgbrloeÿf trlfsjgrgfoel `g pripeg`l`
oiftrlti, sefi qug sgl hl`gh begf fi sgquegf
lrrgf`l`irl pri -
pri-
hi l`quegrg y sÿhi hi trlfsgrl se gs qug hl lrrgf`ltlrel gkgrog hl ipoeÿf `g
oiaprl.
Gf oulfti l his begfgs, gh yl oetl`i lrtáouhi < `gh @gorgti Hgceshltevi
F» 255, oiaprgf`g l his augbhgs y l his efaugbhgs gve`gftgagftg, sega
sega--
prg qug ougftgf oif e`ifge`l` plrl
plrl sgr lrrgf`l`is.
Fi gxestg
gxe stg gf gh ^grû
^g rû ufl firal qug gstlbhgzol
gs tlbhgzol qug gh lrrgf`ltlrei i
usulrei fgogslrelagftg sgl uf prijgseiflh. Gh lrrgf`ltlrei gs gh ohegftg
qug `gtgraefl sus fgogse`l`gs `g rgqugreaegfti `g alqueflrel y gquepi

<=:
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

i efaugbhgs plrl ufl ef`ustrel, y qug siheoetl gh flfoelaegfti, oiapri-

oiapri -
agteåf`isg gf tialrhis gf lrrgf`laegfti oif gh ploti `g oiaprlvgftl
juturl.
Gh lrrgf`ltlrei pug`g sgr pgrsifl flturlh i kurá`eol. _ef gablrci, gf
gh ìabeti jìoteoi, hi aìs oiaûf gs qug sg trltg `g pgrsifls qug gkgrzlf
loteve`l` `g olrìotgr gaprgslrelh, `g tlh alfgrl qug gh hglsefc hg pgraetl
oiftlr oif uf begf fgogslrei plrl `gslrrihhlr sus loteve`l`gs. _ef gablrci,
ghhi fi gxohuyg qug his plrteouhlrgs pug`lf rgourrer l gstg tepi `g lrrgf-
`laegfti flfoegri, segf`i uf agolfesai gaphgl`i oiaûfagftg plrl hl
oiaprl `g vgmáouhis.
^ir ûhteai, gh lrrgf`l`ir i hioltlrei, gs hl pgrsifl kurá`eol lutire-
zl`l pir hls hgygs l gjgotulr ipgrloeifgs `g lrrgf`laegfti flfoegri. Gf
gh ^grû, gh lrtáouhi 2 `gh @gorgti Hgceshltevi F» 255 sglhl qug gh lrrgf`l-
lrrgf`l-
`ir tegfg qug sgr lutirezl`i prgvelagftg pir hl _upgreftgf`gfoel `g lfol
y _gcuris (__).

:.?
. ¹
O uìh gs sif
sif hls oif`eoei
oif`eoeifgs
fgs `g vlhe`
vlhe`gz
gz y `g
`g ipifebeh
ipifebehe`l
e`l`9
`9 Gspgoe
Gspgoelh-
lh-
agftg, gs ug sg rguegrg ufl efsorepoeÿf gf uf rgcestri uìhgs
sif hls ohìusuhls ug sg pug`gf gstepuhlr ggaphi `g hl lfuhloeÿf
`g hl vgftl
vgftl pir veoeis
veoeis iouhtis,r
iouhtis,r egsc
is `g hl oi
is oisl
sl gt
gto.
o.)9
)9

Gh oiftrlti `g lrrgf`laegfti flfoegri `gbg sgr oghgbrl`i pir

gsoreturl pûbheol lftg fitlrei. rloels l gstl jiralhe`l` y l hl `espise-
`espise -
oeÿf oiftgfe`l gf gh lrtáouhi <> `gh @gorgti Hgceshltevi F» 255, gh oif-
oif -
trlti `g lrrgf`laegfti flfoegri tegfg aåreti gkgoutevi, rlzÿf pir hl oulh
hls oiftrivgrsels `grevl`ls `g åh pi`rìf trlaetlrsg gf uf priogsi `g gstl
flturlhgzl.
Gh hglsefc oif gh f `g cgfgrlr ipifebehe`l` sg rgcestrlrì gf aåreti
lh `iouagfti (oif rals hgclhezl`ls pir fitlrei) qug oiftgfcl gh rgspgo-
rgspgo-
tevi loti oifstetutevi, ai`eoltirei i gxteftevi. Gf gh lsegfti sg `gbgrì
prgoeslr gh phlzi, fûagri y aifti `g hls rgspgotevls ouitls. Gf su olsi,
tlabeåf sg prgoeslrì hl jiral plotl`l plrl hl gkgouoeÿf `g hl ipoeÿf `g
oiaprl gf hl plrte`l rgcestrlh.
Lmirl begf, oirrgspif`g l hl lrrgf`ltlrel `gtgraeflr gh begf altg-
rel `gh oiftrlti, lsá oiai gh privgg`ir `gh aesai. @g gstl alfgrl, hl

<=3
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

lrrgf`ltlrel lsuag hl rgspifslbehe`l` `g qug gh begf prgsgftg hls olrlotg-

rásteols qug sg fgogsetl plrl gh usi qug `gsgl `lrhg.
Gf gsg ir`gf `g e`gls, hl lrrgf`l`irl fi gs rgspifslbhg pir his veoeis
y `lis `gh begf, segf`i `grgomi `g hl lrrgf`ltlrel gkgrogr hl looeÿf pir
`eomis veoeis oiftrl gh privgg`ir i vgf`g`ir `gh begf. Gsti sg sustgftl gf
gh mgomi `g qug gh ibkgti `gh oiftrlti fi gs hl vgftl `gh begf `g hl lrrgf`l-
`irl l hl lrrgf`ltlrel y, lseaesai, gf gh mgomi `g qug gs gstl ûhteal quegf
`gtgraefl hls olrlotgrásteols y gh privgg`ir `gh begf, pir hi qug fi pi`rál
ltrebuersg rgspifslbehe`l` l hl lrrgf`l`irl sibrg his `gjgotis `gh begf.
Oifstetuyg ufl ibhecloeÿf `gh oiftrlti lsgcurlr gh begf altgrel `gh
hglsefc ag`elftg pÿhezls `g sgcuri oiftrl his `lis qug pu`egrlf ljgo-
ljgo-
tlrhi, sgcûf su flturlhgzl. Gh lrtáouhi : `gh @gorgti Hgceshltevi F» 255
itircl gh `grgomi l hl lrrgf`l`irl `g klr his tåraefis qug `gbg oiftgfgr
hl pÿhezl `g sgcuris segf`i uf `grgomi errgfufoelbhg `g hl hiol`irl klr
hls oif`eoeifgs aáfeals `g `eomi sgcuri. Hl lrrgf`ltlrel gs rgspifslbhg
`gh `lüi qug pug`l oluslr gh begf, `gs`g gh aiagfti qug hi rgoebg `g hl
hiol`irl.

:.0. O
¹ uìh gs si
siff hls oi
oif`eo
f`eoei
eifgs
fgs `g
`g rgl
rglhe
hezl
zloe
oeÿf9
ÿf9 ¹
H l pisebehe`l` `g l`-
uerer gs ufl fgogse`l` i efohusi ufl ibhecloeÿf `g l`uerer @g
u ai`i hl gfte`l` flfoegrl, l pripegtlrel, priog`g plrl rglhe-
zlr su c
lr lftá
lr lftál
l gf olsi
olsi `g
`g efouapheaegfti
efouapheaegfti `g
`g plc
pli9
i9
c

Gf hl ag`e`l gf qug hl pripeg`l` `gh begf fi sg trlfsgrg sefi mlstl gh

aiagfti gf qug hl lrrgf`ltlrel mubegrl plcl`i hl titlhe`l` `g hls ouitls
prgvestls gf gh oiftrlti y segaprg qug gkgrzl hl ipoeÿf `g oiaprl, hl lrrgf-
lrrgf-
`l`irl pi`rì siheoetlr hl efag`eltl rgstetuoeÿf `gh begf oulf`i hl lrrgf`l-
lrrgf`l-
tlrel mlyl efourre`i gf lhcufl oluslh `g rgsihuoeÿf prgvestl gf gh oiftrlti.
Hl rlzÿf gs qug hl hiol`irl alftgf`rì hl pripeg`l` `g his begfgs
ibkgti `gh oiftrlti mlstl hl jgoml gf qug surtl gjgoti hl ipoeÿf `g oiaprl
gkgroe`l pir hl lrrgf`ltlrel pir gh vlhir plotl`i. lh ipoeÿf `g oiaprl l
jlvir `gh lrrgf`ltlrei fi gs ufl ibhecloeÿf, sefi uf `grgomi `gh qug åstg gs
tetuhlr `g alfgrl prgjgrgftg.
Lmirl begf, se hl lrrgf`ltlrel sg fgclrl l hl `gvihuoeÿf `gh begf, hl
lrrgf`l`irl pi`rì siheoetlr gf hl vál ku`eoelh qug sg ir`gfg `eoml gftrgcl,

<==
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

prgsgftlf`i su siheoetu` lh kugz, sglhlf`i hl oluslh `g rgsihuoeÿf y loia-

loia-
plüì f`ihl `gh
`gh tgsteaife
tgsteaifeii `g hl gsoretur
gsoreturll pûbheol
pûbheol `gh oiftrlt
oiftrlti.
i.
Rgoebe`l hl siheoetu`, gh kugz `gbg ir`gflr `g efag`elti hl gftrgcl `gh
begf, `gbegf`i hl lrrgf`ltlrel gjgotulr hl `gvihuoeÿf lh sgcuf`i `ál `g
fiteol`l. Oirrgspif`g l hl lrrgf`ltlrel gh `grgomi `g ougsteiflr hl rgsi-
rgsi -
huoeÿf `gh oiftrlti y siheoetlr l hl lrrgf`l`irl hl ef`gafezloeÿf pir his
`lüis
is y pgrkueoei
pgrkueoeiss olusl`is,
olusl`is, se lsá hg
hg oirrgspif
oirrgspif`egrl
`egrl..

:.7. uìh gs hl goloel `g hl clrlftál gf olsi `g priog`eaegfti `g ef -

sihvgfoel i `g uegbrl

Gh lrtáouhi << `gh @gorgti Hgceshltevi F» 255 gstlbhgog qug gh begf

altgrel `g lrrgf`laegfti flfoegri fi pug`g sgr gablrcl`i, ljgotl`i i
crlvl`i pir alf`lti l`aefestrltevi i ku`eoelh plrl gh ouapheaegfti `g
ibhecloeifgs `g hl lrrgf`ltlrel.

Gf vertu` `g gstl `espiseoeÿf, gf gh ^grû sg `gbgrì `gklr sef gjgoti

oulhquegr ag`e`l `g gablrci i oulhquegr itrl ljgotloeÿf qug sg mubegrl
trlbl`i sibrg gh begf, blstlf`i plrl tlh gjgoti hl prgsgftloeÿf `gh tgsteai-
tgsteai-
fei `g hl gsoreturl pûbheol `gh oiftrlti `g lrrgf`laegfti flfoegri.

3. HL_ CLRLFPÁ
CLRLFPÁL_
L_ RG
RGHL
HLPE
PEZZL_ L _WAL_ @G @EFG
@EFGRI
RI
Gh lrtáouhi 0 `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel sglhl qug hl clrlf-
clrlf -
tál aibehelrel pug`g oifstetuersg sibrg ufi i vlreis begfgs augbhgs gspg-
oáois, sibrg oltgciráls cgfåreols `g begfgs augbhgs i sibrg hl titlhe`l`
`g his begfgs augbhgs `gh oifstetuygftg `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel, sglf prg-
sgftgs i juturis, oirpirlhgs i efoirpirlhgs.
Gh rgjgre`i lrtáouhi gxprgsl gf su efoesi : qug pug`gf sgr ibkgti `g
clrlftál aibehelrel Gh slh`i `g ougftls blfolrels, `gpÿsetis blfolreis,
ougftls `g lmirri i ogrteol`is `g `gpÿseti l phlzi gf blfois u itrls gfte-
gfte -
`l`gs flfoegrls.
Gf oifsgougfoel, gh trltlaegfti `g hls clrlftáls rghltevls l suals `g
`efgri sg ml ufejiraezl`i gf hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel. ^ir gf`g,
ghhls sg recgf pir hls oifse`grloeifgs cgfgrlhgs qug mgais gxpugsti lftg-
reiragftg, l hls oulhgs fis rgaeteais.

<=5
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

=. HL_ «C LRL
LRLFPÁL_
FPÁL_ FGCL
FGCLPEZ
PEZL_
L_´´
=.<. u gs ufl clrlftál fgcltevl uìhgs sif his `ejgrgftgs tepis
(ohì
u suh
uhl
l `g
`g fi
fi gfl
gflkkgfl u su hl plre plssu , ibhec
flooeÿf, ohì lo eÿf `g
`g
lsioelr i vefouhlr lh lorgg`ir l hl oghgbrloeÿf `g oegrtis oiftrltis,
gto.) f u oifsestgf ghhls
Gh oifogpti `g clrlftál, st
stre
reot
otu
u sg
sgfsu, sg rggrg l lqugh agolfesai
fsu
qug lsgcurl gh ouapheaegfti `g ufl ibhecloeÿf, ag`elftg hl oifogseÿf
`g uf pi`gr `ergoti g efag`elti sibrg ufl oisl lkgfl. _e sg efouaphegsg,
gh tetuhlr sg gfoiftrlrál jlouhtl`i plrl priaivgr hl gflkgfloeÿf y mlogrsg
plci oif su prgoei `g `eoml ibhecloeÿf lsgcurl`l(<3:). _gcûf iplsei(<33),
hl clrlftál rglh gs uf `grgomi sibrg ufl oisl augbhg i efaugbhg pgrtgfg-
oegftg lh `gu`ir plrl plclrsg oif ghhl (lpripeìf`isghl i gflkgfìf`ihl) gf
olsi `g efouapheaegfti. Gf itrls plhlbrls, uf `grgomi rglh `g clrlftál gs
lqugh gf gh qug gh `gu`ir gftrgcl lh lorgg`ir ufl oisl `gtgraefl`l, plrl
rgspif`gr oif ghhl `g sus ibhecloeifgs(<3=).
Gf gsg gftgf`gr, hls lsá `gfiaefl`ls «clrlftáls fgcltevls´, fi sif,
gf gstreoti, clrlftáls, sefi aìs begf ufl sgreg `g ohìusuhls (qug sg gfalr-
olf `gftri `gh ìabeti `gh @grgomi `g hls bhecloeifgs y `gh @grgomi `g
Oiftrltis) qug tegfgf oiai ibkgti ibheclr l ufl pgrsifl l `lr, mlogr i fi
mlogr lhci. sg gs, pugs, gh ibkgti `g hls ohìusuhls `g fi gflkgfloeÿf, ohìu-
ohìu-
suhl pl re pls su, ohìusuhl `g ibheclr l oghgbrlr oegrtis oiftrltis, gftrg itrls.
L oiftefuloeÿf,
oiftefuloeÿf, rglhezlrgais gh lfìheses `g ol`l ufl `g ghhls.
 h ploti `g fi gflgfloef

Gh ploti `g fi gflkgfloeÿf sg gfougftrl rgcuhl`i gf gh lrtáouhi ==2 `gh

Oÿ`eci Oeveh
tulhagftg `gh ^grû, gh`g
hl primebeoeÿf oulh sglhl iqug
gflkgflr Fi slhvi
crlvlr, sg pug`g
qug gstlbhgogr oiftrlo-
oiftrlo-
hl hgy hi pgraetl.
Gstl primebeoeÿf gquevlhg l `goer qug fi pi`rál plotlrsg qug gh oia-
oia -
prl`ir lsual hl ibhecloeÿf `g fi gflkgflr uf begf gf gh juturi, yl sgl l
tátuhi crltueti i l tátuhi ifgrisi.

(<3:) Ojr. LHLHL@GK, Alfugh. @grg

@grgomi Oeveh. lroghifl; G`etirelh isom, <533, vihuagf , plrtg 2,
omi Oeveh
p. <2=.
(<33) Ojr. ^L_ GRRG, Lh`i. @gr
@grgomi ^ltreaifelh. Aåxeoi; Wfevgrse`l` Lutÿfial `g
gomi Rialfi ^ltreaifelh
Aåxeoi, <552, p. <><.
(<3=) Ojr. ^W ^GL, g`greoi. Oiapg f`ei `g
`g @grgomi
@grgomi Oeve
Oevehh gspüh . 2 g`eoeÿf. ^laphifl; Lrlfzl`e,
lih
lü
i
<53:, tiai , p. 3=>.

<5>
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Hl `espiseoeÿf oetl`l culr`l oifcrugfoel oif hi `espugsti pir gh lr-

táouhi 52? `gh pripei Oÿ`eci Oeveh, prgogpti qug gstlbhgog qug hl pripeg-
pripeg-
`l` gs gh pi`gr kurá`eoi qug pgraetg uslr, `esjrutlr, `espifgr y rgevef`eolr
uf begf. Gf tlh sgfte`i, sg gftegf`g qug `g logptlrsg hl ohìusuhl `g fi gfl-
kgfloeÿf, eculhagftg sg gstlrál logptlf`i rgstrefcer i rgoirtlr `g alfgrl
pgralfgftg his ltrebutis efmgrgftgs lh `grgomi `g pripeg`l`.
ifzlhgs lrrÿf(<35) sistegfg qug gh fua grus ohlus us gs gh juf`lagfti
plrl `gorgtlr hl fuhe`l` `g his plotis primebetevis `g `espiseoeÿf y crlvl-
crlvl-
agf, yl qug oif ghhi sg eape`g hl lairtezloeÿf `g hl pripeg`l` y sg jloehetl
crlf`gagftg hl oerouhloeÿf. Oiai itri lrcuagfti, gh oetl`i lutir sglhl
qug ufi `g his puftis ohlvg `gh hebgrlhesai goifÿaeoi gs hl hebrg trlfsjg-
trlfsjg -
rebehe`l` (seo) `g his begfgs oiai agolfesai `gstefl`i l qug hl requgzl
vlyl pricrgsevlagftg mloel quegfgs agkir hl vlhireogf y pug`lf mlogr usi
`g ghhl oif alyir goegfoel.
L su turfi, Lrels-_omrgebgr ^gzgt(<=>) pifg åfjlses gf uf aitevi `g
áf`ihg airlh plrl `gjgf`gr hl vecgfoel `g gstl primebeoeÿf, lh sglhlr qug
gxestg ufl aitevloeÿf `g kusteoel plrl ghhi, pugs gf gh kugci `g hls rghloei-
rghloei-
fgs orgl`ls gftrg lorgg`ir y `gu`ir, hl ohìusuhls qug pgraetgf hl primebe-
oeÿf servgf `g efstruagfti lbusevi utehezl`i pir hl plrtg jugrtg `g hl rghl-
rghl -
oeÿf ibhecloeiflh, oif `gsag`ri `g hl oiftrlplrtg. Lsá, gh oetl`i prijgsir
pifál gh secuegftg gkgaphi; «ufl pgrsifl
pgrsifl fgogsetl`l `g `efgri lou`ál l uf
tgrogri siheoetlf`i uf pråstlai y gh tgrogri hi itirclbl pgri blki ohìusuhl
`g eflhegflbehe`l` `g uf begf `g pripeg`l` `gh `gu`ir
`gu`ir.. Åstg qug`lbl gftif-
ogs gf alfis `gh lorgg`ir, `gs`g qug `g su vihuftl` `gpgf`ál hl vgftl `gh
begf. Gf auomis olsis gh `gu`ir tgraeflbl pir gflkgflr `eomi begf l uf
tgstljgrri `gh lorgg`ir y pir ufl sual erresirel, ti`i hi oulh grl efairlh g
efkusti´.
Fi sg pug`g prevlr lh pripegtlrei `gh pi`gr kurá`eoi `g `espiseoeÿf,
pirqug gf åh, streotu sgfsu, rl`eol hl tetuhlre`l` `gh `grgomi `g pripeg-
`l`, qug sÿhi pug`g sgr heaetl`i pir rlzifgs `g fgogse`l` y utehe`l`
pûbheols, y gsti pirqug gf gh `grgomi `g pripeg`l`, gf gsgfoel, vevg hl

(<35) Ojr. FLHG_ LRRF,

LRRF, Cuftmgr. @grg
@grgomis Rglhgs. Heal; Kurestl G`etirgs, 2>>7, p. <<5.
omis Rglhgs
(<=>) Ojr. LRL_-_ORGGR ^GG, Alx. cgses `gh `eci `eci eeh
eeh pgrulfi
pgrulfi `g  grgom is gl-
grgomis
hgs. 2 g`eoeÿf. Heal; Firals Hgclhgs, 2><<, tiai , p. ?5.

<5<
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

hebgrtl` plrl gkgrogrhi oiai `grgomi tápeoi subkgtevi `iaefelh eheaetl`i

pir `gfeoeÿf(<=<).
Lmirl begf, secuegf`i gh oretgrei eftgrprgtltevi `g qug «fi olbg `es-
tefcuer lhhá `if`g hl hgy fi `estefcug, `gbgais sglhlr qug hl primebeoeÿf
oiftgfe`l gf gh lrtáouhi ==2 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh gs lbsihutl, vlhg `goer, qug
fi olbg sequegrl plotlr hl primebeoeÿf `g fi gflkgflr pir uf tegapi `gtgr-
aefl`i (i sgl, fi pgrpgtul) i hl primebeoeÿf `g fi gflkgflr gh begf rgs-
rgs-
pgoti l lhcufl pgrsifl gf plrteouhlr
plrteouhlr i l lhcufls pgrsifls `gtgraefl`ls.
Oifse`grlais qug fi olbg itrl eftgrprgtloeÿf `gh tgxti `g hl hgy ghhi
gs gve`gftg. _ef gablrci, sá olbrál rggxeiflr logrol `g hl pgrtefgfoel
i eapgrtefgfoel `g hi lbsihuti `g gstl primebeoeÿf, efohusi plrl lqughhis
olsis gf qug jugsg tgapirlh i rgjgre`l l lhcufls pgrsifls gf plrteouhlr.
@g phlfi, `gbgais sglhlr qug fi fis gfoiftrlais `g lougr`i oif
hl pisturl qug `ggf`g hl vecgfoel `gh tgxti lotulh `gh lrtáouhi ==2 `gh
Oÿ`eci Oeveh(<=2). Ghhi, pir `evgrsls rlzifgs.
^gfslais qug pgraeter qug sg primábl gflkgflr i crlvlr uf begf fi
oifstetuyg ufl setuloeÿf qug rgvgsterál tlh crlvg`l` qug `gsflturlhezlrál gh
`grgomi `g pripeg`l`.
_ÿhi pir pifgr uf gkgaphi, `gbgais rgoir`lr qug gh ploti plrl qug
sg pgraetl gh gstlbhgoeaegfti `g ufl ohìusuhl `g fi `gsteflr gh begf vgf-
`e`i l ufl flhe`l` `gtgraefl`l, sg gfougftrl phgflagftg pgraete`i(<=?) y
gs logptl`i pir hl cgfgrlhe`l` `g hl `iotrefl(<=0).

(<=<) Á`ga , 3<.

(<=2) Gf gstgp.aesai sgfte`i fis prifufoelais lftgreiragftg; OL_HH
OL_HH RGRG, Alrei. gftloeifgs ol-
`aeols l rgiral `gh `eci eeh pgrulfi `g  Heal; if`i G`etirelh `g hl ^ifteoel Wfevgrse-
Wfevgrse-
`l` Oltÿheol `gh ^grû, <55=, tiai  y, OL_HH RGRG, Alrei y _WG WFG, WFG, Reolr`i.
flhelf
flh elf`i`i gh lfh
lfheses
eses uti
utipsel
psel `gh fh
fheses
eses oif
oifaeo
aeoi
i `gh
`gh gr
grgom
gomi
i pir
pir gh gr
grgom
gomi eeh. Heal; Jif`i
i eeh
G`etirelh `g hl ^ifteoel Wfevgrse`l` Oltÿheol `gh ^grû y Gstu`ei Alrei Olstehhi rgyrg, 2>>0.
(<=?) Lrcuagfti `gh lrtáouhi <7=2 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, gh oulh gstlbhgog qug;
<7=2.- «^ug`g eftgcrlr hl oiaprlvgftl oulhquegr ploti háoeti, oif gxogpoeÿf `g his secuegf-
Lrtáouhi <7=2.- secuegf -
tgs, qug sif fuhis;
<.- Gh ploti `g agkir oiaprl`ir, gf vertu` `gh oulh pug`g rgsoef`ersg hl oiaprlvgftl pir oifvgfersg
qug, se mubegrl quegf `å aìs pir gh begf, hi `gvihvgrì gh oiaprl`ir.
2.- Gh ploti `g prgjgrgfoel, gf vertu` `gh oulh sg eapifg lh oiaprl`ir hl ibhecloeÿf `g ijrgogr gh begf
lh vgf`g`ir pir gh tlfti qug itri pripifcl, oulf`i prgtgf`l gflkgflrhi´.
(<=0) L alyir lbuf`laegfti, rgoiagf`lais hl hgoturl `g OL_HH RGRG, Alrei. Prltl`i `g hl
Zgftl. Heal; ^lhgstrl, if`i G`etirelh `g hl ^ifteoel Wfevgrse`l` Oltÿheol `gh ^grû y Gstu`ei Alrei
Olstehhi rgyrg, 2><>, tiai , p. 33: y ss.

<52
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Lftgs `g gxpifgr hls rlzifgs qug fis hhgvlf l fi gstlr `g lougr`i oif
hl jÿrauhl l`iptl`l pir gh lrtáouhi ==2 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, `gbgais sglhlr
qug sibrg gh tgal gxestgf trgs pisturls ohlrlagftg `ejgrgfoel`ls;
- ^rimeber hgclhagftg qug sg primábl gflkgflr i crlvlr uf begf.
- ^graeter hgclhagftg qug sg primábl gflkgflr i crlvlr uf begf plrl
segaprg.
- ^graeter hgclhagftg qug sg primábl gflkgflr i crlvlr uf begf pir uf
hlpsi `gtgraefl`i.
Fisitris orggais gf hl pgrtefgfoel `g hl tgrogrl pisturl, vlhg `goer,
sgrál lbsur`i pgraeter qug sg primábl l` efjfetua gflkgflr i crlvlr uf
begf, yl qug oif ghhi sá sg `gsflturlhezlrál
`gsflturlhezlrál gh `grgomi `g pripeg`l`.
Lsá, orggais qug sg `gbg gxebehezlr gh oiftgfe`i `gh lrtáouhi ==2 plrl
qug, gftrg itrls oisls, fi oifstetuyl ibstìouhi lh trìoi oiagroelh y l hl
oiftrltloeÿf oiftgapirìfgl.
Ghhi, `gbe`i l qug gh Oÿ`eci fi ml lotul`i oif lbsihutl oimgrgfoel lh
pritgcgr cgfgrlhagftg hl olploe`l` pisetevl `g `espifgr `gh pripegtlrei y
fi lsá oiftrlotulhagftg hl fgcltevl. ¹^ir quå9 ^irqug pgsg l qug hls hgygs
hgceshlf sibrg hls rgchls y fi sibrg hls gxogpoeifgs y rgfufoelr l `espifgr
`g uf begf `g fugstrl pripeg`l` gs, ibvelagftg, ufl gxogpoeÿf l hl rgchl
`g hl `espiseoeÿf lbsihutl qug olrlotgrezl gh pi`gr kurá`eoi `g ti`i pripeg-
pripeg-
tlrei, sg `gbg tgfgr ohlri qug ufl firal goegftg gs lqughhl qug rgcuhl hl
alyir olfte`l` pisebhg `g supugstis `g mgomi susogptebhgs `g prgsgftlrsg
gf hl rglhe`l`, sef qug ghhi eaphequg ufl `gsflturlhezloeÿf `g hl curl qug
rgcuhl.
Fi orggais qug hl prealoál `g hl hebgrtl` oiftrlotulh sgl uf lrcu lrcu--
agfti `iotreflrei vìhe`i oiftrl gh lrtáouhi ==2 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, tlh oulh hi
sistegfgf lhcufis oihgcls(<=7) qug sg mlf oifstetue`i gf lblf`grl`is `g hls

(<=7) WHHLR@ FHG, Lhjrg`i. _ibrg gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh y his `efislureis. Gf ir u ml ug
olaelr gh `eci eeh Heal; Wfevgrse`l` ^grulfl `g Oegfoels Lpheol`ls, 2>><, p. 0: _LHFL_
RL_, _grcei. Gh rih `gh Gstl`i gf hl oiftrltloeÿf prevl`l; l pripÿseti `gh prefoepei
prefo epei `g pritgooeÿf
lh `gu`ir gf gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh pgrulfi. Gf ir u ml ug olaelr gh `eci eeh Heal; Wfevgr-
se`l` ^grulfl `g Oegfoels Lpheol`ls, 2>><, p. <2: y, ^LRR LRLFWRGF, Hues. Gh Oÿ`eci
Oeveh pgrulfi y hl oiftrltloeÿf lotulh. Gf ir u ml ug olaelr gh `eci eeh Heal; Wfe-
vgrse`l` ^grulfl `g Oegfoels Lpheol`ls, 2>><, p. :2 gftrg itris.

<5?
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

oráteols `gh Lfìheses Goifÿaeoi `gh @grgomi oiftrl hl primebeoeÿf `g hls

ohìusuhls `g eflhegflbehe`l`.
_ef gablrci, ¹pir quå gftifogs fisitris lbiclais pir hl ai`eol-
ai`eol -
oeÿf `gh lrtáouhi ==2 gf his tåraefis `g gxebehezlr hl primebeoeÿf hgclh `g
primeber oiftrlotulhagftg gflkgflr
gflkgflr i crlvlr9
@gsolrtlf`i `g phlfi lqughhl psgu`ilrcuagftloeÿf `iotreflrel qug
mlog prgvlhgogr hl hebgrtl` oiftrlotulh sibrg hl pripeg`l` prevl`l, fugstris
rgplris sif gxohusevlagftg `g ir`gf goifÿaeoi.
Fisitris gstlais l jlvir `g hl hebrg oerouhloeÿf `g begfgs y gftgf
gftgf--
`gais qug åsg ml se`i gh sgfte`i goifÿaeoi `gh lrtáouhi ==2 `gh Oÿ`eci
Oeveh pgrulfi. _ef gablrci, auomls vgogs hl rglhe`l` gs aìs pi`grisl qug
hls bugfls eftgfoeifgs y qug his agkirgs lrcuagftis.  sistgfgais pir
tlfti qug, gxogpoeiflhagftg, lqughhl primebeoeÿf lbsihutl `g hls ohìusuhls
`g eflhegflbehe`l` qug slfoeifl gh Oÿ`eci, pi`rál slolr tlabeåf lbsihutl-
lbsihutl-
agftg `gh agrol`i lhcufis begfgs y sgrveoeis, ygf`i oiftrl gh pripei sgf-
te`i goifÿaeoi `g hl firal. ,
, pir plrl`ÿkeoi qug plrgzol, lsá pi`rál sgr.
Gf gjgoti, gstlais mlbhlf`i `g lqughhis olsis gf his qug, pir fi
pi`gr oiftrlotulhagftg ibheclr gh vgf`g`ir lh oiaprl`ir `g uf begf l
qug gstg ûhteai sg lbstgfcl pir uf tegapi `gtgraefl`i `g gflkgflrhi l su
vgz l oulhquegrl(<=:), gh begf qug oerouhlrál ue`lagftg blki gsls oif`eoei-
oif`eoei-
fgs gxogpoeiflhgs rgstreotevls, pgri aáfeals plrl gh oiagroei, `gkg `g
mlogrhi lbsihutlagftg.  gsti, pir gkgaphi, pirqug l quegf vgf`g fi hg
oifvegfg trlolr `g itrl alfgrl, oif hls oifsgougfoels goifÿaeols qug
ghhi secfeol plrl ufl goifiaál `g hebrg agrol`i(<=3).

(<=:) l sgl pir fi pi`gr ibheclrhi l gxohuer `g oulhquegr

oulhqu egr juturl gflkgfloeÿf l ufl pgrsifl `gtgraefl`l
`gtgraefl `l i
l lhcuegf lbiol`i l lhcufl loteve`l` gspgoáol.
(<=3) ÿagsg oiai gkgaphi gh olsi mepitåteoi `g `is blfois, gh Ae`ls y gh Orgsi, labis oif hiolhgs gf
hl phlzl `g lrals `g ufl oeu`l` oulhquegrl. rls ufl ipgrloeÿf `g juseÿf, Ae`ls lbsirbg lh Orgsi y
gftifogs qug`lf `is hiolhgs `gh aesai blfoi gf hl phlzl `g lrals oulf`i hl fugvl gfte`l` blfol-
rel sÿhi fgogsetl ufi. Hi hÿceoi gs qug gh Ae`ls quegrl vgf`gr gh hiolh qug lmirl hg sibrl y qug jug
`gh Orgsi. Gf gsg hiolh auy begf setul`i tegfg eftgrås hl bi`gcl @if Ouoi, qug quegrg gxplf`er su
fgcioei. L Ae`ls hg eftgrgsl vgf`gr y fi tegfg fefcûf pribhgal gf mlogrhi l uf fgcioei
fgci oei `g lblrritgs.
^gri Ae`ls fi quegrg qug gf uf juturi, hl bi`gcl @if Ouoi tgraefg vgf`egf`i l su vgz lqugh hiolh
l ufl gfte`l` flfoegrl i blfolrel qug sg oifstetuyl gf oiapgtgfoel `g Ae`ls, gf hl pripel phlzl
`g lrals. Oiai gh Oÿ`eci primábg hls ohìusuhls `g eflhegflbehe`l`, gftifogs Ae`ls fi sg ltrgvgrì l
vgf`gr su hiolh l @if Ouoi y prgjgrerì tgfgrhi ohlusurl`i y, pir oifsecuegftg, jugrl `gh agrol`i. _e
hl primebeoeÿf `g hls ohìusuhls `g eflhegflbehe`l` jugrl pir gh oiftrlrei rghltevl, Ae`ls pi`rál plo -
tlr oif @if Ouoi qug, i begf `urlftg uf phlzi `g  lis fi pug`l vgf`gr
vgf `gr gh hiolh l fl`eg, i begf qug

<50
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Gf gstg olsi plrteouhlráseai mlbrál qug ghgcer hgceshltevlagftg gftrg

qug gh begf fi oerouhg fufol i oerouhg hi aìs pisebhg, lufqug hi pisebhg fi
hhgcug l ufl ijgrtl ufevgrslh l ti`is his lcgftgs `gh agrol`i. Gf fugstri
oretgrei, hl ûfeol jiral oimgrgftg `g pifgr lh begf gf gh trìoi `g his mia-
mia-
brgs gs qug sg ai`equg
ai`equg hl primebeoeÿf hgclh lbsihutl
lbsihutl `g primeber oiftrlo-
oiftrlo-
tulhagftg `espifgr `g uf begf `gtgraefl`i (ouyl hÿceol lpuftl l hl hebrg
oerouhloeÿf `g his begfgs). _ÿhi lsá oibrl sgfte`i ufl primebeoeÿf rghltevl
qug oiftgaphg hl mepÿtgses qug hl primebeoeÿf lbsihutl fi mlbál tial`i
gf oifse`grloeÿf y qug rgstrefcerál, gf lhcufis olsis, gsl hebrg oerouhloeÿf
qug prgoeslagftg trltl `g pritgcgr hl primebeoeÿf lbsihutl `g hls ohìusu-
ohìusu-
hls `g eflhegflbehe`l`(<==).
His phlzis sif gh ag`ei plrl ghhi.
Gf oifsgougfoel, fisitris gstlais l jlvir `g qug gh lrtáouhi ==2 gstl-
gstl-
bhgzol uf phlzi rlziflbhg, qug pir rlziflbhg aegftrls agfis gxogsevi
agkir(<=5), plrl qug, gf lrls `g qug uf begf oerouhg hl alyir olfte`l` `g
tegapi gf gh agrol`i, uf pripegtlrei pug`l oiftrlotulhagftg sgr ibhecl`i
l lbstgfgrsg `g `espifgr `g su begf pir gh agfir tegapi pisebhg, se gstl gs
hl oif`eoeÿf plrl qug suog`l hi preagri. _g trltl `g ghgcer gh alh agfir
plrl hl hebrg oerouhloeÿf `g begfgs y sgrveoeis(<5>).
Oegrtlagftg qug ghhi fi lcitl gh `gbltg `iotreflrei sibrg gh pripegtl-
rei `esaefue`i gf su pi`gr kurá`eoi `g `espifgr, sefi qug pir gh oiftrl-
oiftrl -
rei hi rgvevg. ^gri, l `ejgrgfoel, pir gkgaphi, `g hl pisturl l`iptl`l pir
gh Lfìheses Goifÿaeoi `gh @grgomi qug fi vg efoifvgfegftg lhcufi gf qug
gstl `esaefuoeÿf pug`l sgr vetlheoel se gs qug gstì plotl`l pir gh aesai

sÿhi fi pug`l mlogrhi l fefcufl gfte`l` blfolrel i flfoegrl. lki gstls oif`eoeifgs gh begf, qug
oif hl primebeoeÿf lbsihutl `g ohìusuhls `g eflhegflbehe`l` fi oerouhlrál fufol, oif hl primebeoeÿf
rghltevl sá pi`rál mlogrhi, clflf`i gh agrol`i.
(<==) Ojr. OL_HH RGRG, Alrei y _WG WFG, WFG , Reolr`i. flhelf`i gh lfheses p oet
p. <>5.
(<=5) Fisitris mlbálais se`i efohusi aìs rl`eolhgs gf ougsteifgs `g phlzi qug, pir gkgaphi, his sgcue`i-
sgcue`i -
rgs `gh Lfìheses Goifÿaeoi `gh @grgomi. Gf gjgoti, aegftrls qug oegrti sgotir `g hl `iotrefl gstlbl
pir uf phlzi `g <> lis, ufi `g his oilutirgs `g gstg trlblki pripifál
pripif ál ai`eolr gh lrtáouhi ==2 gf
his tåraefis secuegftgs; _g pug`g gstlbhgogr oiftrlotulhagftg hl primebeoeÿf `g gflkgflr i crlvlr,
pir uf phlzi aìxeai `g vgeftg lü is , rgfivlbhgs
is rgfivlbhgs l su vgfoeaegfti.
vgfoeaegfti. Oulhquegr
Oulhquegr gxogsi
gxogsi gf gh phlzi plo-
tl`i sg rg`uog lh háaetg gstlbhgoe`i pir gh lrtáouhi´. ( Ojr. OL_HH RGRG, Alrei. Pgftloeifgs
ol`aeols
ol`aeol . oet., tiai , pp. :>< y :>2). _ef gablrci, miy orggais qug uf phlzi `g `egz lis
s Ip
gs gh aìs rlziflbhg plrl fi `gsflturlhezlr gh `grgomi `g pripeg`l`.
(<5>) Ojr. OL_HH RGRG, Alrei y _WG WFG, WFG , Reolr`i. flhelf`i gh lfheses p oet
p. <<>.

<57
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

pripegtlrei(<5<), `gsvertulf`i lsá su olhe`l` `g tlh, fisitris orggais qug uf

phlzi oirti fi ljgotl gf gsgfoel gstl olhe`l` y, gf tlh vertu`, fi sg `gsfltu
`gsfltu--
rlhezl gh `grgomi `g pripeg`l`.
Gf cgfgrlh, lh mlbhlr `g hls ohìusuhls `g eflhegflbehe`l` y su eftgr`eo-
oeÿf hgclh l trlvås `gh lrtáouhi ==2 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, mgais tgfe`i segaprg
gf agftg gf gh `gbltg `iotreflrei sibrg gh pi`gr kurá`eoi `gh pripegtlrei l
`espifgr `g su begf, hl gsgfoel `gh aesai, gsti gs, su `grgomi l gflkgflrhi.
Fi mgais, sef gablrci, mgomi mefolpeå gf itri `g his `grgomis `g `espi-`espi-
seoeÿf oiftrl gh qug gh Oÿ`eci primábg plotlr rgfufoel lhcufl; gh `grgomi
l crlvlr uf begf i, hi qug gs hi aesai, l `lrhi gf clrlftál plrl loog`gr l
uf orå`eti. Fi vlais l rg`uf`lr gf his lrcuagftis kurá`eois qug kusteolf
hl primebeoeÿf hgclh `g primeber oiftrlotulhagftg crlvlr uf begf pir plrtg
`g su pripegtlrei. _if his aesais, `iotreflrelagftg mlbhlf`i, qug his qug
tiolf lh `g gflkgflr. Gf gh olsi `g crlvlr, hl primebeoeÿf `gh Oÿ`eci oibrl
sgfte`i oulf`i sg trltl `g qug plrl loog`gr l uf orå`eti, quegf prgstl gxekl
oiai rgqueseti
gxohusevl `gh aesai
y gxohuygftg. qug hl
Gf bugf clrlftálqug
rialfog, pugstl pir gh pripegtlrei
oiftrlotulhagftg sgl
gh pripeg-
tlrei qug`g primebe`i `g vihvgr l ijrgogr gf clrlftál gh aesai begf l itri
u itris plrl loog`gr l aìs orå`etis i bgfgoeis. Hl hÿceol `g gstl primebe-
primebe-
oeÿf oiftrlotulh `g crlvlr, gs qug gh prgstlaestl fi tgfcl qug oifourrer oif
itris lorgg`irgs l gkgoutlr ufl clrlftál ijrgoe`l F vgogs, gf olsi `g qug
quegf crlvÿ fi mifrg su `gu`l.
Hl hgy sg ipifg l gsti pirqug, oif hl aesal rlzÿf qug hg lsestg l quegf
gs pripegtlrei y `esjrutl lbsihutlagftg (gf gh alroi `g hl hgy) `g ti`is
sus ltrebutis, fi vg eapg`eagfti `iotreflrei lhcufi gf qug uf pripegtlrei
pug`l crlvlr oulftls vgogs quegrl
quegrl gsg aesai begf, gf tlfti gs uf `grgomi
`grgomi
qug hg lsestg oiai pripegtlrei.
L `ejgrgfoel `g fugstrl `esorgplfoel goifÿaeol qug juf`lagftlbl
fugstrl piseoeÿf `g rghltevezlr hl primebeoeÿf hgclh lbsihutl `g primeber
oiftrlotulhagftg gflkgflr uf begf, gf gh olsi `g hl primebeoeÿf hgclh `g
plotlr oiftrl his crlvìagfgs eheaetl`is, fi tgfgais ufl ipefeÿf goifÿ
goifÿ--
aeol jiral`l.  gs qug fi gxestg fefcûf gstu`ei goifÿaeoi qug pug`l

(<5<) _ÿhi hg eftgrgsl qug gh phlzi aefeaeog gh gjgoti `g gxtgrflhe`l`gs l his suogsirgs, i sgl qug his
`grgomis `g gstis (tgrogris) fi sg vglf ljgotl`is oif hl `goeseÿf.
`goeseÿf . WHHLR@ FHG, Lhjrg`i.
_ibrg gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh y his `efislureis. Ip. o et., p. 0:.

<5:
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

`gaistrlr, l oegfoel oegrtl, se gs agkir plrl gh loogsi lh orå`eti lqughhl

primebeoeÿf hgclh i fi.

.<
=..2H
.2 l ohì h l plre plssu
s u
u

Hl ohìusuhl plr e pls su sg gfalrol `gftri `g uf oiftrlti prevl`i

`if`g `is i aìs blfois lougr`lf itirclr vlreis orå`etis l uf aesai `gu-
`ir, tgfegf`i ol`l ufi ufl rghloeÿf oif gh `gu`ir blki hls aesals oif`e-
oif`e -
oeifgs. Gh blfoi `gh oulh gh `gu`ir gs ohegftg tgf`rì hl jufoeÿf `g irclfe-
irclfe-
zlr lh crupi `g privgg`irgs `g flfoeloeÿf, prgplrlr his `iouagftis `g
flfoeloeÿf y fgcioelr hls ohìusuhls oiftrlotulhgs, gftrg ghhls hl ohìusuhl
l l ssu(<52).
pr e p

Gstl ohìusuhl gstlbhgog qug gh plci `g hls ibhecloeifgs `gh `gu`ir sg

irclfezlrl lh aesai fevgh oif hls itrls ibhecloeifgs fi clrlftezl`ls, yl
sglf prgsgftgs i juturls(<5?).
lki gstl aesal háfgl, hl Oifjgrgfoel `g hls Floeifgs Wfe`ls sibrg
gh oiagroei y `gslrrihhi, gf su chislrei sibrg hl `gu`l, sgül hl qu
qugg `g
`gbg
bg
gftgf`grsg pir gstl ohìusuhl l lqughhl `if`g gh `gu`ir sg oiapriagtg l
qug hls ibhecloeifgs `g plci `grevl`ls `g uf oiftrlti `g pråstlai, tlfti
hls lotulhgs oiai hls juturls, tgfclf gh aesai rlfci qug ti`ls hls itrls
`gu`ls oiftrltl`ls(<50).
Olbg agfoeiflr qug hl pritgooeÿf qug sg itircl l his lorgg`irgs fi
pug`g er gf oiftrl `g hls `espiseoeifgs hgclhgs qug gstlbhgzolf uf
uf ir`gf `g
prghloeÿf gf his orå`etis `gh `gu`ir.
`gu`ir.
His supugstis `if`g sg alfegstl gstl ohìusuhl sif, gftrg itris, his
secuegftgs; (e) `gftri `gh oiftgxti `gh oifoursi `g lorgg`irgs, `if`g his
lorgg`irgs qug plotlrif hl ohìusuhl tgf`rìf eculh`l` `grgomi `g oibri, gs
`goer, fefcûf orå`eti sg vl l sibrgpifgr l itri (gsti culr`l rghloeÿf oif
gh prefoepei lr
l
pr s oif`e
oif`ete
tei
i org`
org`et
etira )4 (ee) oulf`i gh `gu`ir gf oiaûf
iru
u
`g his lorgg`irgs busol ibtgfgr uf orå`eti jrgftg l uf tgrogri, pgri gf

(<52) LRL_ LRRGRL, Hecel Oltmgrefg. gfgrlhe`l`gs `gh råceagf `gh orå`eti sef`eol`i; agfoeÿf
gspgoelh lh `grgomi efchås´. Gf Rgvestl `g @grg
@grgomi ^revl`i, F» 22, gfgri-kufei 2><2, p. ?22.
omi ^revl`i,
(<5?) `ga, p. ?23.
(<50) OFGRGFOL @G HL_ FLOFG_ WF@L_ _RG OAGRO  @G_LRRHH. hisl-
rei `g hl `gu`l  `gh . Fugvl ir;
ir; FW, s/l, p. <<.

<53
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

ouapheaegfti `g gstl ohìusuhl fi pug`g itirclr l gsg tgrogri agkirgs oif-

`eoeifgs qug hls qug itircÿ l sus itris lorgg`irgs oif his qug sg plotÿ hl
ohìusuhl.

 l ohusuhl `g lsioelr i efouhlr lh lorgg`ir l hl oghgrloef `g

oegrtis oiftrltis

Gf gh @grgomi pgrulfi gxestg ufl curl `gfiaefl`l oiapriaesi

`g oiftrltlr. Gstl sg gfougftrl rgcuhl`l pir gh lrtáouhi <0<0 `gh Oÿ`eci
Oeveh, qug gstlbhgog; «^ir gh oiapriaesi `g oiftrltlr hls plrtgs sg ibhe-
clf l oghgbrlr gf gh juturi uf oiftrlti `gfetevi. Fÿtgsg qug hl firal
pgraetg qug sg oghgbrg l juturi oulhquegr oiftrlti pgraete`i pir hl hgy.
hgy. Gs
`goer, fi sÿhi sg pi`rìf oghgbrlr oegrtis i `gtgraefl`is oiftrltis, `g
alfgrl qug gh ûfeoi háaetg eapugsti sgrì lqugh qug hls plrtgs `goe`lf gf
gstreotl ibsgrvlfoel `g hl firaltevl vecgftg.

gf ghHl rlzÿf
mgomi `g`g sgrpir
qug `g lhcûf
his oiftrltis prgplrltireis
ibstìouhi `g mgomi i pug`g gfoiftrlr
`g `grgomi, su pise-
fi sgl blsg
bhg i oifvgfegftg `g efag`elti oghgbrlr uf oiftrlti y, sef gablrci, hls plr-
tgs `gsglf lsgcurlrsg qug gjgotevlagftg sg vl l oghgbrlr `eomi oiftrlti(<57).
Fugstri Oÿ`eci Oeveh rgcuhl `is ohlsgs `g oiftrltis prgplrltireis,
gsti gs, gh oiapriaesi `g oiftrltlr y gh oiftrlti `g ipoeÿf.
Gh oiapriaesi gstì rgcuhl`i gftrg his lrtáouhis <0<0 l <0<= `gh
Oÿ`eci Oeveh. Gs tlabeåf hhlal`i pr go
goif
iftr
trlti eb hltgrlh, oiftrlti rp gheae-
lti
flr i priagsl `g oiftrltlr.

_u utehe`l` prìoteol juf`lagftlh sg blsl gf qug hls plrtgs `gsglf lsg-

lsg-
curlrsg qug uf oiftrlti qug ti`lvál fi `gbgf i fi pug`gf oghgbrlr, sg
oghgbrlrì gf gh juturi.
@gh tgxti `gh lrtáouhi <0<0 uyg gh oifogpti `gh oiapriaesi `g oif-
oif-
trltlr, segf`i uf oiftrlti pir gh qug hls plrtgs sg oiapriagtgf l oghgbrlr

(<57) @g gstl `gfeoeÿf cgfgrlh yl pi`gais `estefcuer `is oiftrltis; uf oiftrlti `gfetevi, qug gs gh qug
sg oghgbrl ouaphegf`i oif hl ibhecloeÿf `g mlogr irecefl`l gf gh oiftrlti `g priagsl i oiftrlti prg- prg -
plrltirei, y gh oiftrlti
oif trlti prgplrltirei
prgpl rltirei `gh oulh flog
flo g gstl ibhecloeÿf `g mlogr,
ml ogr, qug oifsestg gf susore
suso re--
ber, `gftri `g uf phlzi i oif`eoeÿf, gh oiftrlti `gfetevi. @g gstl alfgrl, gh oiftrlti `gfetevi gs gh
ibkgti `gh oiftrlti `g priagsl.

<5=
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

gf gh juturi itri oiftrlti (hhlal`i oiftrlti `gfetevi i prgplrl`i), qug

lotulhagftg fi quegrgf i fi pug`gf oifohuer.
Hl flturlhgzl `g hl ibhecloeÿf orgl`l pir gh oiapriaesi `g oiftrltlr
gs `g mlogr. Hl plrtg qug sg ibhecl i hls plrtgs qug sg ibheclf, lsuagf hl
ibhecloeÿf `g oghgbrlr gh oiftrlti `gfetevi fi gstreotlagftg lsuagf hl
ibhecloeÿf `g qugrgr oghgbrlr gh oiftrlti `gfetevi, sefi `g oghgbrlrhi, oif
ef`gpgf`gfoel `g qug gf gsg aiagfti sg gfougftrg prgsgftg i fi hl vihuf-
tl` `g oiftrltlr.
L `goer `g @g hl ^ugftg(<5:), mly trgs rlzifgs qug kusteolf gf hi juf-
juf -
`lagftlh hl gxestgfoel `gh oiapriaesi `g oiftrltlr.
Gf preagr huclr, gxestgf `gtgraefl`is supugstis, oiai iourrg gf his
plásgs `if`g sg rgcuhl l his oiftrltis rglhgs (qug fi gs gh olsi pgrulfi,
l plrter `g <5=0), gf qug gh oiftrlti `gfetevi fi pug`g oghgbrlrsg sef hl
gftrgcl `g hl oisl, pir hi oulh fi gs pisebhg sgplrlr gh oifsgfteaegfti `g
hl trl`eoeÿf.
Oifvgfeais oif gh oetl`i prijgsir gf gh sgfte`i `g qug gstl oifstetuyg
ufl `g hls rlzifgs prefoeplhgs qug `iotreflrelagftg rglralf i rlteolf hl
gxestgfoel `g his oiftrltis prgplrltireis.
_ef gablrci, ghhl fi rgjugrzl su gxestgfoel gf gh ^grû, `l`i qug oif gh
Oÿ`eci Oeveh `g <5=0 sg supreaeÿ hl gxestgfoel `g his oiftrltis rglhgs, gs
`goer, `g lqughhis plrl ouyl oghgbrloeÿf sg rgquegrg qug gh oifsgfteaegfti
sg gxprgsg l trlvås `g hl gftrgcl `gh begf i begfgs ibkgti `g ufl `g hls prgs-
tloeifgs `gh pripei oiftrlti.

Oiai
sglhl @g hlsgcuf`l
^ugftg kusteoloeÿf gf tirfi
qug uf oiftrlti lh oiapriaesi
`gfetevi `g ghoiftrltlr,
`gbg oiftgfgr lougr`i
sibrg ti`is sus ghgagftis.
Gf tlh sgfte`i, gh oiapriaesi `g oiftrltlr pgraetg qug sg oifsegftl
lh agfis sibrg his ghgagftis gsgfoelhgs `g gsg juturi oiftrlti, tlh oiai
hi gstlbhgog gh lrtáouhi <0<7 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh(<53).

(<5:) Ojr. @G HL
H L ^WGFG  HL HLLHHG, Alfugh
Alfugh.. h iftrlti gf gfgrlh
gfgrlh. Heal; ^lhgstrl, 2><<, tiai ,
pp. ?72 y ss.
(<53) Lrtáouhi <0<7.-
<0<7.- «Gh oiapriaesi `g oiftrltlr `gbg oiftgfgr, pir hi agfis, his ghgagftis gsgfoelhgs
`gh oiftrlti `gfetevi.

<55
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

^gfslais qug åstg rgsuhtl uf lrcuagfti vìhe`i, gf hl ag`e`l gf qug

gs auy priblbhg qug hls plrtgs tgfclf ufl jgrvegftg violoeÿf `g hhgclr
l oghgbrlr gh oiftrlti `gfetevi, pgri, gf gjgoti, fi sg mlylf pugsti `g
lougr`i sibrg ti`is his ghgagftis `g gsg oiftrlti `gfetevi pir gkgaphi;
qug sgplf qug gh prgoei sgrì `g oefougftl aeh `ÿhlrgs y plcl`gri gf ufl
sihl ouitl, pgri qug fi sg mlylf pugsti ti`lvál `g lougr`i sibrg gh `ál gf
qug sg plclrì gsl ûfeol ouitl4 qug hl alqueflrel ibkgti `gh oiftrlti yl sg
gfougftrl `gfe`l, pgri qug pir `eouhtl`gs gf gh trlfspirtg ti`lvál fi sg
mlylf pugsti `g lougr`i gf hi qug rgspgotl l hl jgoml gf qug `eoml alque-
alque-
flrel sgrì gftrgcl`l lh oiaprl`ir.
oiaprl`ir.
@gftri `g gstg gkgaphi, se ufl plrtg `gsgl jgrvegftgagftg oiaprlr gsl
alqueflrel y hl itrl vgf`grhl, labls plrtgs `gsglrìf qug gh oiftrlti `g-
`g -
fetevi `g oiaprlvgftl sg oghgbrg hi lftgs pisebhg, pgri fi pi`rìf mlogrhi,
gf hl ag`e`l gf qug ti`lvál fi sg mlf pugsti `g lougr`i sibrg `gtgraefl-
`is lspgotis loogsireis `gh oiftrlti `gfetevi.
Gf tlh sgfte`i, hl ipoeÿf qug tegfgf `eomls plrtgs cerl gf tirfi l fi
oghgbrlr oiftrlti lhcufi y pgr`gr hl ipirtufe`l` qug sg hgs prgsgftl, i hl
setuloeÿf eftgrag`el `g oghgbrlr uf oiapriaesi `g oiftrltlr qug, tgfegf`i
gf oifse`grloeÿf hl vihuftl` errgviolbhg `g labis `g oghgbrlr gf gh juturi
gh oiftrlti `gfetevi `g oiaprlvgftl, trl`uzol gf uf oiftrlti prgplrlti-
prgplrlti -
rei `eoml vihuftl`, ibhecìf`isg labls plrtgs l oghgbrlr gsl oiaprlvgftl
`gftri `gh hlpsi loir`l`i pir ghhls.
^ir ûhteai, @g hl ^ugftg sglhl oiai kusteoloeÿf `gh oiapriaesi
`g oiftrltlr, gh mgomi `g qug gstg oiftrlti sg utehezl ol`l vgz aìs y fi sg
loistuabrl sustetuerhi pir uf oiftrlti `gfetevi, oif`eoeifl`i i l phlzis,
fe pir itri qug efohuyl ufl ohìusuhl pgflh.
^ir fugstrl plrtg oiefoe`eais oif gstl ibsgrvloeÿf, `gbegf`i gxprg-
gxprg -
slr qug se begf gxestgf `gtgraefl`ls curls qug rgsuhtlf tgfegf`i ibkgte-
ibkgte -
vis plrgoe`is l lqughhis `gh oiapriaesi `g oiftrltlr, fi segaprg his ibkg-
tevis `g gstls curls hhgclrìf l sltesjlogr l hls plrtgs `g hl aesal jiral
qug hi mlog gh oiapriaesi `g oiftrltlr.
oiftrltlr.
Gf tlh sgfte`i, fi olbg `u`l `g qug hl gxestgfoel `g gstg oiftrlti prg-
plrltirei oifvevg gf hl prìoteol oif itrls curls oiftrlotulhgs `esteftls,
qug hls plrtgs utehezlrìf oifjirag oifvgfcl agkir l sus eftgrgsgs.

2>>
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

oif -
=.2. ^ug`gf ghhls rgjgrersg tlfti l uf begf `gtgraefl`i oiai l uf oif-
ufti `g begfgs uìh gs su flturlhgl  u hls `estefcug
`estefcug `g hls cl-
hls cl-
rlftáls trl`eoeiflhgs9
Hls trgs curls kurá`eols lflhezl`ls gf gh pufti =.<. sá pug`gf rgjg-
rgjg -
rersg tlfti l uf begf `gtgraefl`i oiai l uf oifkufti `g begfgs, gftgf`e-
`is gstis oiai hl lcruploeÿf `g begfgs `gtgraefl`is.
@g itri hl`i, olbg gxprgslr qug rgspgoti l su flturlhgzl kurá`eol, yl
mgais sglhl`i qug sg trltl `g curls qug sg gfalrolf `gftri `gh ìabeti
`gh @grgomi `g hls bhecloeifgs y gh @grgomi `g Oiftrltis, rlzÿf pir hl
oulh fi sif, gf gstreoti, clrlftáls. _if clrlftáls trl`eoeiflhgs hl lfteorgses, hl
mepitgol, gh `grgomi `g rgtgfoeÿf, gftrg itrls curls qug, oiai sg ibsgrvl,
tegfgf ufl flturlhgzl kurá`eol `esteftl l hls lflhezl`ls gf gh pufti lftgreir.
_ibrg gh plrteouhlr, gs fgogslrei rgoir`lr hl `ejgrgfoel oifogptulh gxes-
gxes-
tgftg gftrg his @grgomis Rglhgs y gh @grgomi `g hls bhecloeifgs. Gf ipe- ipe-
feÿf `g @g hl ^ugftg(<5=), gh `grgomi `g orå`eti u ibhecloeÿf gs ufl rghloeÿf
kurá`eol gftrg gh lorgg`ir y gh `gu`ir
`gu`ir,, aegftrls qug gh `grgomi rglh gs ufl
setuloeÿf kurá`eol `g hl pgrsifl oif rgspgoti l hl oisl.
Lmirl begf, his @grgomis Rglhgs tegfgf uf olrìotgr lbsihuti qug pug`g
gkgrogrsg jrgftg l oulhquegr pgrsifl (grc
l iafgs). Gf olabei, gh @grgomi
`g hls Ibhecloeifgs tegfg uf olrìotgr rghltevi qug heaetl su gkgroeoei rgs-
pgoti l ufl pgrsifl `gtgraefl`l, gs `goer, oiftrl quegf sg ml oiftrlá`i hl
ibhecloeÿf oirrgspif`egftg. ^ir gf`g, his gjgotis `g hl rghloeÿf ibhecltirel
lholfzlf sÿhi l hls plrtgs qug hl mlf oghgbrl`i.
L`gaìs, gf his @grgomis Rglhgs gh tetuhlr tegfg hl jlouhtl` pgrsgouti-
pgrsgouti-
rel `g hls oisls gf pi`gr `g quegf gståf (looeifgs rglhgs), aegftrls qug gf
gh @grgomi `g hls bhecloeifgs sÿhi sg pri`uogf looeifgs `g pgrsifl oiftrl
itrl pgrsifl (`gu`ir y lorgg`ir) y sif hls hhlal`ls looeifgs pgrsiflhgs(<55).
Altezlf`i gstls `estefoeifgs, Hues @ágz-^eolzi(2>>) sistegfg qug gh
@grgomi `g bhecloeifgs y his @grgomis Rglhgs fi sif oiaplrteagftis

(<5=) @G HL ^WGFG  HL HLLHHG, Alfugh.

Alf ugh. estgal grulfi `g iftrltloe f eeh. Heal; logtl Kurá-
iftrltloef Kurá-
`eol, 2>>>, p. ?>.
(<55) KG@L WHHF, Hues. lfulh `g hecloeifgs
hecloeifgs. Heal; GO G`eoeifgs, 2><2, p. <7.
(2>>) @G-^OL, Hues. Juf`la
f`la gfti
gftiss `gh @grgomi
@grgomi Oeveh ^ltreaifelh. Al`re`; G`etirelh Oevetls, <55:,
Oeveh ^ltreaifelh
vihuagf , p. 0>.

2><
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

gstlfois gf hl `esoephefl firaltevl `g hl ve`l goifÿaeol, fe tlapioi sgo- sgo-

tirgs lutÿfiais i ef`gpgf`egftgs. _if sÿhi piroeifgs i jrlcagftis `g ufl
ufe`l` supgreir qug gs gh @grgomi ^ltreaifelh. His oiftrltis rglhgs sif
oiftrltis oif goloel rglh jrgftg l his oiftrltis ibhecltireis, ouyi gjgoti
sg heaetl l oifstetuer gftrg hls plrtgs ufl rghloeÿf ibhecltirel y, pir oifse-
oifse -
cuegftg, l ltrebuer `grgomis `g orå`eti.

.?
=. O uì
¹ h gs sif hls oif`eoeifgs
oif`eoeifgs `g vlhe`gz
vlhe`gz (pripel
(pripelss `g ol`l
ol`l tepi
tepi `g loti
loti
gf gh oulh ghhls eftgrvegfgf)9

Gf prefoepei, `gbgais rgoir`lr qug gh @grgomi pgrulfi primábg hl

gstepuhloeÿf `g ohìusuhls `g fi gflkgfloeÿf.
Rgspgoti l hls itrls ohìusuhls, hls oif`eoeifgs `g vlhe`gz sif hls aes-
als qug sg gxecgf plrl hl cgfgrlhe`l` `g his lougr`is `g vihuftl`, vlhg
`goer, lqughhls oiftgfe`ls gf gh lrtáouhi <0> `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh;
Lrtáouhi <0>.- Gh loti kurá`eoi gs hl alfejgstloeÿf `g vihuftl` `gs-
`gs-
tefl`l l orglr, rgcuhlr, ai`eolr i gxtefcuer rghloeifgs kurá`eols.
^lrl su vlhe`gz sg rgquegrg;
<.- Lcgftg olplz.
2.- bkgti jáseol y kurá`eolagftg pisebhg.
?.- ef háoeti.
0.- bsgrvlfoel `g hl jiral prgsoretl blki slfoeÿf `g fuhe`l`.
@gbgais mlogr hl slhvg`l` qug plrl gh olsi `gh oiapriaesi `g oif-oif-
trltlr, gs fgogslrei qug sg ouaphlf his rgquesetis `g olploe`l`, ibkgti y
jiral qug sg gxeklf plrl gh oiftrlti `gfetevi (lrcuagfti `gh yl oetl`i lr-
táouhi <0<7 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh pgrulfi).

=.0. uìhgs sif hls prgrricltevls oifjgre`ls l su tetuhlr

^lrl gh olsi `g hl ohìusuhl `g fi gflkgfloeÿf (gf olsi gstl sg gfougf-

gfougf-
trg pgraete`l pir hgy), sg tegfg qug quegf hl gstepuhg ibhecl l su oiftrlplrtg
l fi vgf`gr gh begf altgrel `gh oiftrlti oghgbrl`i. Gs `goer, sg primábg l
quegf logptl gstl ohìusuhl l gflkgflr gh begf qug l`quegrg.
@g itrl plrtg, hl ohìusuhl lpr e pls su pgraetg qug gh plci `g hls ibhe-
cloeifgs `gh `gu`ir sg irclfeog lh aesai fevgh oif hls itrls ibhecloeifgs

2>2
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

fi clrlftezl`ls. Gs `goer, gh `gu`ir sg oiapriagtg l qug hls ibhecloeifgs

`g plci `grevl`ls `g uf oiftrlti `g pråstlai, tlfti hls lotulhgs oiai hls
juturls, tgfclf gh aesai rlfci qug ti`ls hls itrls `gu`ls oiftrltl`ls. _ef
gablrci, gxestg uf háaetg, gf gh sgfte`i `g qug hl pritgooeÿf qug sg itircl
l his lorgg`irgs fi pug`g er gf oiftrl `g hls `espiseoeifgs hgclhgs qug gstl-
bhgzolf uf ir`gf `g prghloeÿf gf his
his orå`etis `gh `gu`ir.
`gu`ir.
Jeflhagftg, gf olsi sg lougr`g ufl priagsl `g oiftrltlr, sg tegfg qug
hls plrtgs sg ibheclf l oghgbrlr gf gh juturi uf oiftrlti `gfetevi, y gf olsi
sg pri`uzol ufl fgcltevl efkusteol`l `gh ibhecl`i l oghgbrlr gh oiftrlti
`gfetevi, hl itrl plrtg tgf`rì lhtgrfltevlagftg gh `grgomi l; (e) gxecer ku`e-
ku`e -
oelhagftg hl oghgbrloeÿf `gh oiftrlti i, (ee) siheoetlr sg `gkg sef gjgoti gh
oiapriaesi `g oiftrltlr.
oiftrltlr. Gf ufi u itri olsi mly huclr l hl ef`gafezloeÿf
`g `lüis
is y pgrkueoeis
pgrkueoeis oirrgsp
oirrgspif`eg
if`egftg
ftg (gstg
(gstg gs gh lrcuagft
lrcuagftii `gh lrtáouhi
lrtáouhi
<0<= `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh pgrulfi).

=.7. ÿai sg gjgotûl hl rglheloeÿf ggouoeÿf) `g gstg tepi `g clrlftál

(slfoeifgs oiftrlotulhgs)
oif trlotulhgs)9
9

l mgais sglhl`i qug oulf`i sg mlbhl `g gstls curls fi fis gfoif-

gfoif-
trlais gf gh olapi `g hls clrlftáls pripelagftg `eomls, rlzÿf pir hl oulh
fi olbg mlbhlr `g su gkgouoeÿf.
Gf gsg sgfte`i, hi oirrgoti sgrál `goer qug ti`ls gstls ohìusuhls sg
mlhhlf siagte`ls, gf olsi `g efouapheaegfti, l hls firals sibrg efgkg-
ouoeÿf `g ibhecloeifgs. Gs `goer, hgs sgrìf `g phgfl lpheoloeÿf oifogptis
pripeis `g hl rgspifslbehe`l` oiftrlotulh (lrtáouhis <?<0 y secuegftgs `gh
Oÿ`eci Oeveh pgrulfi).

=.:. uìh gs hl goloel `g hl clrlftál gf olsi `g uf priogsi `g efsih-

clrlf-
vgfoel i `g uegbrl @g alfgrl aìs gspgoáol, gstg tepi `g clrlf-
tál prgsgftl eftgrås gf gh alroi `g priogsis (i priog`eaegftis) `g
gstg tepi i gs titlhagftg prevl`l9

Gstg tepi `g ohìusuhls, lh tgfgr flturlhgzl oiftrlotulh, fi tegfgf gol-

gol-
oel lh eftgreir `g uf priogsi `g quegbrl. Gs `goer, sg trltl `g lougr`is gae-
fgftgagftg prevl`is qug l`iptlf sukgtis `g `grgomi qug busolf oifsgcuer
uf ibkgtevi `gtgraefl`i.

2>?
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Gf gh olsi `g his priog`eaegftis `g quegbrl, mlbrì qug gstlr l hi gste-

puhl`i pir
pir su hgceshloeÿf gspgoáol, gsti gs hl yl oetl`l Hgy F» 23=>5, Hgy
gfgrlh `gh _estgal Oifourslh.

5. ¹M LOEL HL WF
WFE@L
E@L@
@ @G
@G HL CLRLF
CLRLFPÁL9
PÁL9
5.<. stì hl tgf`gfoel lotulh l jlvir `g hl ufe`l` `g hl clrlftál sibrg
his begfgs
begfgs augbhgs9
a ugbhgs9

Oiai yl mgais sgül hl`i, hl Hgy `g hl Clrlft

Clrlftál
ál Aibehelre
Aibehelrell ml rgprg-
rgprg-
sgftl`i uf gsjugrzi auy eapirtlftg plrl hl ufeoloeÿf `g hls clrlftáls
sibrg begfgs augbhgs gf gh ^grû.

5.2. Pgxtis `g hl WFPRLH, L  itris irclfesais eftgrfloeiflhgs

lh rgspgoti

@gs`g <5:5 hl tgaìteol `g hls clrlftáls aibehelrels jug ibkgti `g gstu-

gstu-
`ei gf `evgrsis ìabetis. @lr huclr l ufl Hgy Ai`ghi grl uf priygoti
sualagftg labeoeisi, se sg tial gf oifse`grloeÿf hl oiaphgke`l` `g hl
tgaìteol rgcuhl`l, hls fgogse`l`gs `g l`lptloeÿf `g his `grgomis eftgrfis
`g his `esteftis Gstl`is l hl Hgy Ai`ghi, his gstrgomis váfouhis qug gxes-
tgf gftrg hls clrlftáls rglhgs y gh `grgomi oifourslh, gto.(2><)
_ef gablrci, plrl gh ^grû jugrif trlsogf`gftgs hls Oifjgrgfoels gspg-
gspg-
oelhezl`ls sibrg @grgomi ftgrfloeiflh ^revl`i (O@^) . Gftrg ghhls
(2>2)

rgsuhtl fgogslrei oetlr l hl _gxtl Oifjgrgfoel Gspgoelhezl`l ftgrlagre-

ftgrlagre-
olfl sibrg @grgomi ftgrfloeiflh ^revl`i, `g jgbrgri `g 2>>2, oghgbrl`l
gf
gf lsmefctif (gf hl sg`g
hl oulh sg l`iptlrif his`gsecuegftgs
hl rclfezloeÿf `g Gstl`is
efstruagftis Lagreolfis),
eftgrfloeiflhgs; Hl
Hgy Ai`ghi Eftgrlagreolfl sibrg Clrlftáls Aibehelrels, hl Olrtl `g ^irtg
ftgrfl-
@ergotl Wfejirag Fgcioelbhg ftgrlagreolfl plrl gh rlfspirtg ftgrfl-
oeiflh `g Agrol`gráls pir Olrrgtgrl, y hl Olrtl `g ^irtg @ergotl Wfejirag

(2><) Ojr. LHH, ^luhl Alrál y ^LHHLR_,

^LHHLR_, gltrez. Gh råceagf `g hls clrlftáls aibehelrels gf gh trìoi
oiagroelh eftgrfloeiflh. Hl setuloeÿf lrcgftefl. Rgoursi ghgotrÿfeoi mttp;//`grgomicgfgrlh.bhics-
mttp;//`grgomicgfgrlh.bhics -
pit.oia/2><2/>2/gh-rgceagf-`g-hls-clrlftels-aibehelrels.mtah
pit.oia/2><2/>2/gh-rgceagf-`g-hls-c lrlftels-aibehelrels.mtah (vesetl`i gh 25/>=/<0).
(2>2) Hls `esteftls oifjgrgfoels, y sus lftgog`gftgs pug`gf gfoiftrlrsg gf gh secuegftg gfhlog;  mttp;//
.ils.irc/`eh/gsp/`grgomieftgrfloeiflhprevl`ioifjgrgfoels.mta (vesetl`i gh 25/>=/<?).

2>0
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Fi-Fgcioelbhg ftgrlagreolfl
ftgrlagreolfl plrl gh rlfspirtg ftgrfloeiflh `g Agrol
Agrol--
`gráls pir Olrrgtgrl.
Hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel pgrulfl tuvi oiai prefoeplh jugftg
hl Hgy Ai`ghi ftgrlagreolfl `g lrlftáls Aibehelrels `g hl rclfezloeÿf
`g Gstl`is Lagreolfis,
Lagreolfis, hl aesal qug sg futrg `g hl hgceshloeÿf efchgsl, gf
hl oulh preal uf fûa gri lbe grti `g be gfgs `g lrlr lf
c lftá
tál
l y `g `gr
`grgomiss ef
gomi
rga i l` rga («oiftrl gh begf´ i «lh begf´) .
(2>?)

Lseaesai, hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel secueÿ oiai ai`ghi uf

olapi `g lpheoloeÿf oiaprgmgfsevi `g ti`ls hls clrlftáls y crlvìag-
crlvìag-
fgs sibrg begfgs augbhgs. Gstg logrolaegfti, qug sg oifiog tåofeolagftg
oiai logrolaegfti jufoeiflh l hls clrlftáls, sual`i l clrlftáls aibe-
aibe-
helrels sibrg ti`is his begfgs y ipgrloeifgs `g orå`eti, oifvegrtgf lh ses-
tgal gf ^grû gf ufi auy lvlfzl`i y sualagftg oifcrugftg oif hls cuáls,
ai`ghis y oifvgfoeifgs eftgrfloeiflhgs gf hl altgrel gf WFORLH, gh
GR@ y WF@R(2>0).

5.?. ftgrgsgs `g tgfgr ufl clrlftál ufejirag

Oiai yl hi mgais gxprgsl`i lftgreiragftg, hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál

Aibehelrel jug oifogbe`l gf gh ^grû oif ufl e`gl oiforgtl; hl `g supgrlr
ti`is his pribhgals qug cgfgrlbl gh `espgrsi sestgal `g clrlftáls blsl`i
gf hl prgf`l.
Gf gsg sgfte`i, rgaeteais lh hgotir l hls oifse`grloeifgs vgrte`ls gf gh
pufti <.<. `g gstg olpátuhi.

5.0. c
l@eouhtl`gs
rlftál
rl `gbe`ls
ftálss aibeh
aibehel
elrels..lG
rels ¹hl s`evgrse`l` `g begfgs
l`l hloifogrfe`is
segaprg l`goul`l
l`gou uf e`l`9
ufe`l`9 pir hls

Gf uf plás tlf `evgrsi oiai gh ^grû, hl tgf`gfoel pir ufejiraezlr gh

råceagf `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel fi `gbgrál oifogrfer ûfeolagftg l his

(2>?) _FOG OGRFL, Hues grflf`i. Rgcestris pûbheois y hl clrlftál aibehelrel gf gh ^grû.
Rgoursi ghgotrÿfeoi mttp;//.rgcestrl`irgspgru.irc/p-oiftgft/uphil`s/2><?/>2/Rgcestris
^ubheoisyhllrlftelAibehlrel^gru.p`j (vesetl`i gh 25/>?/<0).
(2>0) G@ ., ., hgesec @G HL ^GL,
^GL, Furel OLFWLRL_,
OLFWLRL_, grflf`i y HFG,HFG, Oirgy. «^grû;
@elcfÿsteoi y rgoiagf`loeifgs `g agkirls plrl gh sestgal. Gf uf`loef . Slsmefctif;
Ogftri `g Lfìheses Goifÿaeois plrl Hgygs `g clrlftáls aibehelrels, alrzi `g 2>>5, p. .

2>7
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

gstu`eisis `g hl hgy, pugs eapheolrál `gsoifiogr hl eapirtlfoel prìoteol y

sioelh qug tegfg gstl efstetuoeÿf.
Oiai yl mgais gxpheol`i, hl ufe`l` `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel fi ml
tgfe`i gf gh ^grû his rgsuhtl`is qug sg busolblf, pugs sg ml `gsoifioe`i
itris gsogflreis qug tlabeåf tgfálf olbe`l gf his mgomis.
Hl loteve`l` hgceshltevl g eftgrprgtltevl fi sÿhi `gbg iregftlrsg gf ufl
oifogpoeÿf fgtlagftg kurá`eol, sefi qug, l`gaìs, gs prgoesi efohuer gf hl
gouloeÿf gh oretgrei goifÿaeoi `g hl goegfoel, yl qug åstg, lh gfjiolrsg gf
his rgsuhtl`is, pgraetg trlsogf`gr hl e`gl lbstrlotl `g hi qug «`gbg sgr´ y
oiforgtlrhi gf hl rglhe`l`.
Oiai tlabeåf mgais sgül hl`i, gh qug lotul
lotulhagft
hagftgg oigxestlf
oigxestlf hl clrlf-
clrlf-
tál aibehelrel phgfl i pgrjgotl y hl clrlftál aibehelrel eapgrjgotl (prgf`l),
`gaugstrl qug fi sg rglhezÿ uf lfìheses gapáreoi l`goul`i. Hl oifsgougf-
oifsgougf-
oel gs qug, gf his mgomis, gf gh ^grû, secug recegf`i phgflagftg lufqug
oif itri fiabrg hl prgf`l, pugs plrl uf sgotir (efohusi tlh vgz alyiretl-
alyiretl-
rei) `g hl pibhloeÿf gsl curl oiftefûl segf`i ûteh y l`goul`l plrl hl sltes-
sltes-
jlooeÿf `g sus eftgrgsgs, pir hi qug gs l trlvås `g ghhl qug clrlftezlf sus
orå`etis `g uf ai`i aìs goegftg.

<>. HL GJEOLOEL EFPGRF

EFPGRFLOEIF
LOEIFLH
LH @G HL_
HL_ CLRLF
CLRLFPÁL_
PÁL_ AI-
BEHELREL_

<>.<. Ju gftgs `g hls rgch ls lp

lphe
heol
olbh
bhgs
gs.. G
¹ xe st
stgf
gf oifvg
oifvgfoei
foeifgs
fgs au
auht
hteh
ehlt
ltg-
g-
rlhgs i behltgrlhgs ug sg lpheugf l prigotis `g oifvgfoeifgs

WF@RP, pir ggaphi, pir hi agfis plrl oegrtis begfgs tgx -

`g WF@RP,
flfoeg-
tis rghltevis l hls clrlftáls aibehelrels, lh lrrgf`laegfti flfoeg-
ri). ^i`rál lbgr ifvgfeis `g ufeoloeÿf `gh `grgoi altgrelh i
ifvgfeis rghltevis l hl rgchl `g oifeoti i lh rgoifioeaegfti gf
uf plás `g l c rlftáls aibehelrels
aibehelrels oifstetue`ls blki
blki hl hgy `g itri
plás, lsá oiai plrl hls ougsteifgs
ougsteif gs `g ir`gf priogslh y `g gkgouoeÿf.
gkgouoeÿf .
^lrl his plásgs `g Lareol Hltefl, efugf-
Hltefl, ouìh gs gh eaploti i hl efugf-
oel `g pgrtgfgogr l hl LHFL i lh R_WR

Hl tgf`gfoel `g uf råceagf ufejirag y lraifeisi gstì gfirag-

gfirag -
agftg vefouhl`l l hl orgloeÿf `g bhiqugs goifÿaeois, oiai pir gkgaphi

2>:
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

gh FLL (HOLF gf su sechl gf gsplih), qug gstì oifstetue`i pir

Aåxeoi, GG.WW. y Olfl`ì gh AGRO_WR, oifstetue`i pir Lrcgftefl,
rlseh, ^lrlculy y Wruculy gh ?, oifjiral`i pir Aåxeoi, Oihiabel y
gfgzughl hl Oiaufe`l` Lf`efl `g Floeifgs, eftgcrl`l pir ^grû, ihe-
ihe -
vel, Goul`ir y Oihiabel hl Lhelfzl `gh ^loáoi, oifjiral`l pir ^grû,
Omehg, Oihiabel y Aåxeoi4 gftrg itris.
Gstg phlftglaegfti sg rglral lh ibsgrvlr gh `gslrrihhi `g hl Wfeÿf
Guripgl, qug l plrter `g hls fgogse`l`gs cgfgrl`ls `g su pripel gvihuoeÿf,
ml ghlbirl`i gf jiral pricrgsevl uf @grgomi oiaufetlrei.
_ef gablrci, gf gh olsi `g hl Oiaufe`l` Lf`efl `g Floeifgs y hl
Lhelfzl `gh ^loáoi (irclfesais qug eftgcrl gh ^grû), fi sg mlf oghgbrl`i
oifvgfoeifgs fe priygotis rghltevis l hl clrlftál aibehelrel.

<>.2.
<>.2. Gf lusgfoel `g `g oifvgfei
oifvgfei eftgrfloeiflh,
eftgrfloeiflh, ¹
o uìh gs hl hgy
hgy lp
lphe
heol
olbh
bhgg l
ufl lr
l
c r lftá
ftál
l aib
aibeehe
helr
lrel
el99¹O uì h gs gf
gf gh plás
plás `g
`g gkgo
gkgouoeÿf
uoeÿf gh rgoi
rgoi--
fioeaegfti `g hl clrlftál oifstetue`l sgcûf ufl hg gxtrlfgrl
Hl
H l prgcu ftl `gbg
`gbg sgr
sgr trltl
trltl`l
`l tlfti gf
gf oulfti
oulf ti l hl lprg
lprgmgfseÿf
mgfseÿf i
gablrci `g uf begf jugrl `g uf priog`eaegfti `g efsihvgfoel i `g
uegbrl, oiai gf gh sgfi `g gstg priog`eaegfti. f labis su- su -
lorgg`i-
pugstis, ouìh gs hl hg lpheolbhg l hl ohlseoloeÿf `g his lorgg`i-
rgs tetuhlrgs `g uf `grgoi `g prgjgrgfoel sibrg gh i his aesais
begfgs9

Gf prefoepei, gh trltlaegfti `g hl hgy (floeiflh i gxtrlfkgrl) vl l

`gpgf`gr `gh huclr `if`g sg oifstetuyl hl clrlftál. Gf tlh sgfte`i, se sg
cgfgrlsg gf gh ^grû, uf váfouhi kurá`eoi gftrg uf floeiflh y uf gxtrlfkgri,
qug efvihuorg hl oifstetuoeÿf `g ufl clrlftál aibehelrel, gstl sg rgcerì pir
hl hgy pgrulfl.
L tátuhi `g rgjgrgfoel, `ergais qug gf hl _gxtl Oifjgrgfoel Gspgoel-
Gspgoel -
hezl`l ftgrlagreolfl sibrg @grgomi ftgrfloeiflh ^revl`i, gf jgbrgri `gh
li 2>>2, sg lpribÿ hl Hgy Ai`ghi ftgrlagreolfl sibrg lrlftáls Aibe-Aibe-
helrels, ouyi lrtáouhi := sglhlbl qug Oulhquegr
Oulhquegr oiftrivgrsel qug sg sus-
oetg rgspgoti l hl eftgrprgtloeÿf y ouapheaegfti `g ufl clrlftál,
clrlftál, pi`rì sgr
siagte`l pir hls plrtgs l lrbetrlkg, lotulf`i `g oifsgfsi y `g oifjirae`l`
oif hl hgceshloeÿf `g gstg Gstl`i´
Gstl`i´ (gh subrlyl`i gs fugstri).

2>3
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Lmirl begf, ¹oÿai sg rgsughvg uf oifeoti `g `grgomi `g prgjgrgfoel

gftrg lorgg`irgs tetuhlrgs floeiflhgs i gxtrlfkgris9 Lh rgspgoti, gh lrtáouhi
27 hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel gstlbhgog qug gh oretgrei `g prgjgrgf-
prgjgrgf -
oel jrgftg l tgrogris `g uf lorgg`ir gs hl jgoml `g efsorepoeÿf gf gh Rgces-
Rgces -
tri Aibehelrei.
Grc
i, ef`gpgf`egftgagftg `g qug sg trltg `g uf floeiflh i `g uf
gxtrlfkgri, gf gh ^grû, oulhquegr itrl clrlftál itircl`l i ogseÿf rglhezl`l
oif lftgreire`l` g efohusi fiteol`l lh lorgg`ir i `gu`ir rgspgotevlagftg,
gstlrìf subir`efl`ls jrgftg lh `grgomi efsoreti gf gh agfoeifl`i rgcestri,
ti`l vgz qug hl efsorepoeÿf oifgrg hl prgjgrgfoel gftrg his lorgg`irgs.

<>.?. f oulfti l su goloel eftgrfloeiflh, hls clrlftáls hgclhgs i u`e-

oelhgss oifstetue`ls gf gh gx
oelhg t rlfkgr
rlfkgri
i gstì
gstìf
f siagte`ls
siagte`ls lh aesai råc
råc
e -
agf ug hls clrlftáls oifstetue`ls pir oiftrlti f oulfti l his
begfgs
begf gs ibkgti `g hl lr
lr lftá
c lftál,
l, oulf`i gs
gsti
tiss sif
sif plrt
plrteo
eouhlr
uhlragftg
agftg aÿ-
vehgs (lgri
vehgs (lgriflvgs,
flvgs, blr
blrois
ois,, pir gkgaphi
gkgaphi)) gh råc
råc
e ag
agf
f gs
gs gh ae
aessai
ai9 9 Hl
prgcuftl tlabef
tlabef sg phlftgl gf hi ug oifoegrfg gvgftulh `e-
oifoegrfg l ufl gvgftulh
clrlf-
jgrgfoel `g rceagf urá`eoi `gh rgoifioeaegfti oulf`i hl clrlf-
tál rgolg
rgolg sibrg
sibrg uf begf i sibrg uf oifku
oifkufti
fti `g begfgs (c
lr lft
ftáál si-
brg stiods, iltefc omlrcg).

Gh lrtáouhi 7: `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel sglhl qug Hl

vlhe`gz, oifstetuoeÿf, crl`uloeÿf `g prghloeÿf, ipifebehe`l` y gkgouoeÿf
`g ufl clrlftál aibehelrel i loti efsorebebhg `gftri `gh olapi `g lpheol-
oeÿf `g gstl Hgy, sg recg pir his prefoepeis oiftgfe`is gf gh Hebri  `gh
Oÿ`eci Oeveh.
Gf tlh sgfte`i, gh lrtáouhi 2>7>, qug jiral plrtg `gh Hebri  (@grg-
(@grg -
omi ftgrfloeiflh ^revl`i) `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh pgrulfi, gstlbhgog qug 
i`i
i`i
`grgomi rgcuhlragftg l`quere`i lh laplri `g uf ir`gflaegfti gxtrlfkgri,
oiapgtgftg sgcûf hls firals pgrulfls `g @grgomi ftgrfloeiflh ^revl`i,
tegfg hl aesal goloel gf gh ^grû, gf hl ag`e`l gf qug sgl oiapltebhg oif
gh ir`gf pûbheoi eftgrfloeiflh y oif hls bugfls oistuabrgs´.
Gs `goer, se ufl pgrsifl ml l`quere`i uf `grgomi plrteouhlr i ufl setul-
oeÿf kurá`eol oiaphgkl, gf uf plás `gtgraefl`i, pug`g gxecer gf itri ir`g-
ir`g -
flaegfti kurá`eoi `eoml oif`eoeÿf kurá`eol l`quere`l. Gh @grgomi pgrulfi

2>=
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

pgraetg gsl setuloeÿf

setuloeÿf segaprg qug
qug tlh `grgomi fi rgsuhtg oiftrlrei
oiftrlrei lh ir`gf
pûbheoi i l hls bugfls oistuabrgs(2>7).
eflhagftg, `gbgais rgoir`lr hi `espugsti pir his lrtáouhis 2>== y
2>5> `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh `gh ^grû, ouyis tgxtis trlfsorebeais sgcue`lagftg;
Lrtáouhi 2>==.- Hl oifstetuoeÿf, oiftgfe`i y gxtefoeÿf `g his `grg-
`grg-
omis rglhgs sibrg begfgs oirpirlhgs sg recgf pir hl hgy `g su setuloeÿf,
lh aiagfti `g oifstetuersg gh `grgomi rglh´.
Lrtáouhi 2>5>.-
2>5>.- «Gh `gsphlzlaegfti `g his begfgs oirpirlhgs fi
efuyg sibrg his `grgomis qug mlylf se`i vìhe`lagftg oifstetue`is
blki gh eapgrei `g hl hgy lftgreir
lftgreir.. Fi ibstlftg, tlhgs `grgomis sÿhi
pug`gf sgr ipugstis l tgrogris `gspuås `g ouaphe`is his rgquesetis
qug gstlbhgzol hl hgy `g hl fugvl setuloeÿf.

(2>7) Ojr. LROL OLH@GRF, Alfugh. @grgomi

@grgomi Eftgrfloeiflh ^revl`i. Heal; G`eoeifgs Wfe`l`
Eftgrfloeiflh
Gstu`elfteh, <5:0, p. ?:.

2>5
Lfgxis
is
 HGU
HG U @G HL CLRLFPÁL
CLRLFPÁL AIBEH
AIBEHELREL
ELREL
HG U F¾ 2=:33
HGU 2=:33
(></
</ >?/ 2:)
>:)
GH ^RG_E@GFPG @G HL RG^ÛBHEOL
^IR OWLFPI;
Hl Oiaeseÿf ^gralfgftg `gh Oifcrgsi `g hl Rgpûbheol
Ml `l`i hl Hgy secuegftg;
HL OIAE_EßF ^GRALFGFPG @GH OIFCRG_I @G HL RG^ÛBHEOL4
Ml `l`i hl Hgy secuegftg;

HGU @G HL
H L CLRLF
CLRLFPÁL
PÁL AIBEHELREL
AIBEHE LREL
PÁPWHI E
OL^ÁPWHI E
@E_^I_EOEIFG_ CGFGRLHG_
Lrtáouhi <.- Ìabeti `g lpheolo
lpheoloeÿ
eÿff
Hl prgsgftg Hgy (gf hi suogsevi hl ‘Hgy‑) tegfg pir ibkgti rgcuhlr hl clrlftál
aibehelrel plrl lsgcurlr ibhecloeifgs `g ti`l flturlhgzl, prgsgftgs i juturls, `gtgrae-
fl`ls i `gtgraeflbhgs, sukgtls i fi l ai`lhe`l`.
Hls `espiseoeifgs `g gstl Hgy tlabeåf sg lpheolf l hl prghloeÿf, ipifebehe`l` y
pubheoe`l` `g his lotis kurá`eois l qug sg rggrg gh efoesi ? `gh lrtáouhi ?2 `g hl prg-
prg -
sgftg Hgy.
Lrtáouhi 2.- Pår
Påraefis
aefis gaphg
gaphgl`is
l`is gf
gf gstl
gstl Hgy
^lrl his gjgotis `g gstl Hgy sg gftegf`g pir;
<. Lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i; hl pgrsifl gf ouyi jlvir sg oifstetuyg hl clrlftál
aibehelrel i quegf mubegsg l`quere`i, blki oulhquegr tátuhi, hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l.
2. Lotis efsorebebhgs; his sglhl`is gf gh lrtáouhi ?2 `g hl prgsgftg Hgy.
?. L`quergftg;
L`quergftg; gh tgrogri qug pir oulhquegr tátuhi l`quegrg uf begf augbhg ljgo-
ljgo -
ti l hl clrlftál aibehelrel.
0. Begf augbhg; oulhquegr begf augbhg i oifkufti `g begfgs augbhgs, `g lougr-
`i l hl gfuagrloeÿf qug oiftegfg gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh y hl prgsgftg Hgy. ^lrl gjgotis `g
gstl Hgy, tlabeåf sg oifse`grlf begfgs augbhgs hls flvgs y lgriflvgs, his piftifgs,

2<?
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

phltljirals y g`eoeis itlftgs, hls hioiaitirls, vlcifgs y `gaìs altgrelh ri`lftg

ljgoti lh sgrveoei `g jgrriolrrehgs.
7. Oifstetuygftg; hl pgrsifl, sgl gh `gu`ir i uf tgrogri, qug oifstetuyg hl clrlf-
tál aibehelrel oifjirag l gstl Hgy.
Hgy.
:. @gpisetlrei; hl pgrsifl flturlh i kurá`eol qug ousti`el gh begf augbhg, altg-
rel `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel.
3. @gu`ir; hl pgrsifl ibhecl`l lh ouapheaegfti `g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l.
=. @áls; oiaprgf`g `áls olhgf`lrei y gh oretgrei `g oÿaputi `g phlzis sgrì sgcûf
gh lrtáouhi <=? `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh.
5. @iouagfti ioelh `g e`gfte`l`; Gh @iouagfti Floeiflh `g `gfte`l` (@F)
i lquåh qug pir `espiseoeÿf hgclh gstå `gstefl`i plrl hl e`gfteoloeÿf `g hls pgrsifls
flturlhgs aegftrls qug gf gh olsi `g hls pgrsifls kurá`eols, sg gftgf`grì qug gs gh Rg-
Rg -
cestri Ûfeoi `gh Oiftrebuygftg (RWO) i lquåh qug pir `espiseoeÿf hgclh hi sustetuyl.
Gf gh olsi `g hls pgrsifls gxtrlfkgrls, gh `iouagfti qug hgs oirrgspif`l sgcûf hl hgy
`g su `iaeoehei i su plslpirtg.
<>. Jirauhlrei `g Efsorepoeÿf; lqugh gf gh qug oifstl, plrl gjgotis `g su efsorep-
oeÿf, hl clrlftál aibehelrel y his itris lotis efsorebebhgs. Ag`elftg gstg jirauhlrei sg
efsorebgf `eomis lotis gf gh Rgcestri oirrgspif`egftg. Gh tgxti `g his jirauhlreis gs
lpribl`i pir rgsihuoeÿf `g hl _WFLR^.
<<. Jirauhlrei `g Olfoghloeÿf; lqugh gf gh qug oifstl hl olfoghloeÿf `g hl cl-
rlftál aibehelrel y `g his itris lotis efsorebebhgs y ag`elftg gh oulh sg efsorebg `eoml
olfoghloeÿf gf gh Rgcestri Oirrgspif`egftg. Gh tgxti `g his jirauhlreis `g olfoghl-
oeÿf gs tlabeåf lpribl`i pir rgsihuoeÿf `g hl _WFLR^.
<2. rutis; sif his privgomis qug pri`uog uf begf, sef lhtgrlr fe `esaefuer su
sustlfoel.
<?. lrlftál aibehelrel; gh crlvlagf oifstetue`i sibrg begfgs augbhgs gf vertu`
`g uf loti kurá`eoi `gftri `gh ìabeti `g lpheoloeÿf `g hl prgsgftg Hgy.
<0. Efvgftlrei; oifkufti `g begfgs augbhgs gf pisgseÿf `g ufl pgrsifl plrl su
oifsuai, trlfsjiraloeÿf, vgftl, pgrautl, lrrgf`laegfti i oulhquegr itrl ipgrloeÿf
oiagroelh gf gh oursi ir`eflrei `g su loteve`l` goifÿaeol.
<7. Hgy; hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel.
<:. Ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l; ibhecloeÿf ouyi ouapheaegfti sg gfougftrl lsgcu-
rl`i pir hl clrlftál aibehelrel i gf vertu` `g oulhquegr loti kurá`eoi `gftri `gh ìabe-
ìabe -
ti `g lpheoloeÿf `g hl Hgy.
<3. ^rgoei `g hl gflkgfloeÿf; oiftrlprgstloeÿf `g ti`i tepi, yl sgl gf begfgs, `e-
fgri i `grgomis, rgoebe`l pir gh `gu`ir gf rlzÿf `g hl vgftl i pgrautl `gh begf aug-
bhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál. Plabeåf sg oifse`grl prgoei hl ef`gafezloeÿf lbifl`l gf
vertu` `g ufl pÿhezl `g sgcuri.
<=. Rgcestri oirrgspif`egftg; gs ufi `g his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g Begfgs i gh
Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis, sgcûf sg trltg `g begfgs augbhgs rgcestrl`is i fi
rgcestrl`is.

2<0
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

<5. Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g Begfgs; gh oifkufti `g Rgcestris `g begfgs augbhgs yl

gxestgftgs qug surtgf phgfis gjgotis kurá`eois.
2>. Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis; gh rgcestri `g oiftrltis gf gh qug sg efsore-
efsore-
bgf hls clrlftáls aibehelrels y `gaìs lotis efsorebebhgs sibrg begfgs augbhgs fi rg rg--
cestrl`is gf lhcûf Rgcestri Kurá`eoi `g Begfgs.
2<. _estgal ftgcrl`i `g lrlftáls y Oiftrltis; gs gh sestgal qug ufeolrì hl
efjiraloeÿf gxestgftg sibrg gstls altgrels gf gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis lsá
oiai gf ti`is his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g Begfgs.
22. _WFLR^; _upgreftgf`gfoel Floeiflh `g his Rgcestris ^ûbheois.
2?. átuhi vlhir; sgcûf hi gftegf`g hl hgy `g hl altgrel, gxogpti gh omgqug. Hl
`gfeoeÿf efohuyg oulhquegr tátuhi gxpg`e`i gf gh gxtrlfkgri qug sgl oifse`grl`i uf
tátuhi vlhir blki gh `grgomi lpheolbhg lh huclr `g su gaeseÿf.
Lrtáouhi ?.- Clrlftál aibehe
aibehelrlr el
?.< Hl clrlftál aibehelrel gs hl ljgotloeÿf `g uf begf augbhg ag`elftg uf loti
kurá`eoi, `gstefl`l l lsgcurlr
lsgcurlr gh ouapheaegfti
ouapheaegfti `g ufl ibhecloeÿf. Hl clrlftál
clrlftál aibehel-
rel pug`g `lrsg oif i sef `gspisgseÿf `gh begf augbhg. Gf olsi `g `gspisgseÿf, pug-
`g plotlrsg hl gftrgcl `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál lh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i i
l uf tgrogri `gpisetlrei.
?.2 Hl clrlftál aibehelrel oiaprgf`g, slhvi ploti `estefti, hl `gu`l prefoeplh,
his eftgrgsgs, hls oiaeseifgs, his clstis, hls preals `g sgcuris plcl`ls pir gh lorgg-
`ir clrlftezl`i, hls oistls y his oistis priogslhgs, his gvgftulhgs clstis `g ousti`el
y oifsgrvloeÿf, hls pgflhe`l`gs, hl ef`gafezloeÿf pir `lis y pgrkueoeis y oulhquegr
itri oifogpti loir`l`i pir hls plrtgs mlstl gh aifti `gh crlvlagf gstlbhgoe`i gf gh
loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi.
?.? Gh plci `grevl`i `g hl gkgouoeÿf `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel sg eaputlrì lh ol
ol--
petlh, his eftgrgsgs qug `gvgfcug, hls preals `gh sgcuri plcl`ls pir gh lorgg`ir
lorgg`ir,, hls
oistls y oistis priogslhgs, hls pgflhe`l`gs, hl ef`gafezloeÿf pir `lis y pgrkueoeis,
his clstis y hls oiaeseifgs, gf gsg ir`gf, slhvi ploti gf oiftrlrei.
?.0 ^ug`g oifstetuersg clrlftál aibehelrel lbegrtl plrl lsgcurlr ibhecloeifgs
pripels
pug`g sgr i `g t grogris,
tgrogris,
vlrel
vlrelbhg, prgsgftgs
bhg, segaprg
segaprg i juturls.
qug sgl
qug Gh aifti
`gtgraeflbhg. Fi`g hlsgxecebhg
sgrì
sgrì ibhecloeifgs
gxeceb clrlftezl`ls
hg hl ef`eoloeÿf `g uf
uf
aifti `gtgraeflbhg oulf`i sg lougr`g qug clrlftezl ti`ls hls ibhecloeifgs prgsgftgs
i juturls lsuae`ls oif gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i.
Lrtáouhi 0.- BeBegfgs
gfgs augbhgs oi
oiapr
apr gf`e`is gf
gf gstl Hgy
H gy
Hl clrlftál aibehelrel l qug sg rggrg hl prgsgftg Hgy pug`g oifstetuersg sibrg
ufi i vlreis begfgs augbhgs gspgoáois, sibrg oltgciráls cgfåreols `g begfgs aug- aug-
bhgs i sibrg hl titlhe`l` `g his begfgs augbhgs `gh oifstetuygftg
oifstetuygftg `g hl clrlftál aibe-
helrel, sglf prgsgftgs i juturis, oirpirlhgs i efoirpirlhgs.
^ug`gf sgr ibkgti `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel;
<. His vgmáouhis tgrrgstrgs `g oulhquegr ohlsg.
2. Hls jugrzls flturlhgs susogptebhgs `g lpripeloeÿf.

2<7
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

?. Hls oifstruooeifgs gf tgrrgfi lkgfi, mgomls plrl uf f tgapirlh.

0. His altgrelhgs `g oifstruooeÿf i priog`gftg `g ufl `gaiheoeÿf se fi gstìf
ufe`is lh sughi.
7. His efvgftlreis, gståf oifstetue`is pir begfgs jufcebhgs i fi jufcebhgs.
:. Gh slh`i `g ougftls blfolrels, `gpÿsetis blfolreis, ougftls `g lmirri i ogrte-
ol`is `g `gpÿseti l phlzi gf blfois u itrls gfte`l`gs flfoegrls.
3. Oifioeaegftis `g gablrqug i tátuhis `g lfìhicl flturlhgzl.
=. Hls looeifgs i plrteoeploeifgs gf sioeg`l`gs i lsioeloeifgs, lufqug sglf
pripegtlrels `g begfgs efaugbhgs.
5. His `grgomis pltreaifelhgs `g lutir, `g efvgftir, `g pltgftg, fiabrgs oiagr-
oelhgs, alrols y itris seaehlrgs.
<>. His orå`etis, oif i sef clrlftál aibehelrel.
<<. His tátuhis vlhirgs `g oulhquegr ohlsg efohuygf`i lqughhis laplrl`is oif me-
pitgol i his efstruagftis gf his qug oifstg hl tetuhlre`l` `g orå`etis i `grgomis pgr-
siflhgs, gxogpti his omgqugs.
<2. His begfgs augbhgs juturis.

<?.
<0. Hls pÿhezls`g
Gh `grgomi `gibtgfgr
sgcuri. jrutis i pri`uotis `g oulhquegr begf.
<7. i`i
i`i tepi `g alqueflrel i gquepi qug oifsgrvg su olrìotgr aibehelrei.
<:. His `grgomis l `eve`gf`is i l utehe`l`gs `g sioeg`l`gs.
<3. i`i
i`i begf augbhg `l`i gf lrrgf`laegfti flfoegri i lrrgf`l`i.
<=. Hls oifogseifgs prevl`ls qug sglf augbhgs y qug fi tgfclf olrìotgr
pgrsiflháseai.
<5. Hls flvgs y lgriflvgs.
2>. His piftifgs, phltljirals y g`eoeis itlftgs.
2<. Hls hioiaitirls, vlcifgs y `gaìs altgrelh ri`lftg ljgoti lh sgrveoei `g
jgrriolrrehgs.
22. Gf cgfgrlh, ti`is his begfgs augbhgs, rgcestrl`is i fi rgcestrl`is, gxogpti
hls rgaufgrloeifgs, gh jif`i `g oiapgfsloeÿf pir tegapi `g sgrveoeis, his wlrrlfts
y his Ogrteol`is `g @gpÿseti.
His begfgs augbhgs efgablrclbhgs, sglhl`is gf gh lrtáouhi :0= `gh Oÿ`eci ^ri-
^ri-
ogslh Oeveh, fi gstìf ljgotis l clrlftál aibehelrel.
Fi pug`gf ljgotlrsg gf clrlftál aibehelrel his rgoursis qug oifstetuygf gh gf-
olkg blfolrei `g oifjirae`l` oif gh lrtáouhi <:? `g hl Hgy F» 2:3>2, Hgy gfgrlh
`gh _estgal eflfoegri y `gh _estgal `g _gcuris y rcìfeol `g hl _upgreftgf`gfoel
`g Blfol y _gcuris.
lapioi gstìf ljgotis l clrlftál aibehelrel his begfgs qug eftgcrlf his if`is
`g Lpirtgs Ibhecltireis, gh Gfolkg Hgclh, gh Jif`i `g Hifcgve`l`, gh Jif`i Oia-
phgagftlrei y his `gaìs sglhl`is gf gh lrtáouhi 2>2> `gh @gorgti _uprgai
_uprgai F» >70-53-
GJ,, PWI `g hl Hgy `gh _estgal ^revl`i `g L`aefestrloeÿf `g Jif`is `g ^gfseifgs.
GJ

2<:
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Fi pug`gf ljgotlrsg gf clrlftál aibehelrel hls lrals `g jugci y hls aufeoei-

fgs, `g oifjirae`l` oif gh lrtáouhi 23, efoesi 7, `g hl Hgy F» 27>70, Hgy sibrg hl jl-
jl -
breoloeÿf, oiagroei, pisgseÿf y usi pir plrteouhlrgs `g lrals y aufeoeifgs qug fi
sif `g cugrrl.
^ìrrlji efoirpirl`i pir hl ûfeol `espiseoeÿf oiaphgagftlrel ai`eoltirel
`g hl Hgy F» 25570 pubheol`l gh >0/<2/2><2.
Lrtáouhi 7.- Olploe`l` plr l sgr sgr l orgg
orgg`ir
`ir clrlftez
clr lftezl`i
l`i i `gu`ir
^lrl his gjgotis `g gstl Hgy,
Hgy, oulhquegr pgrsifl oif olploe`l` hgclh `g gkgroeoei,
sgl jáseol i kurá`eol, floeiflh i gxtrlfkgrl, pug`g sgr oifstetuygftg, `gu`ir i lorgg-
`ir clrlftezl`i.
Lrtáouhi :.- G xt gfse
fseÿÿf `g hl clrlftál
clrlftál aibehe
aibehelrel
lrel
Hl clrlftál aibehelrel tgf`rì hl gxtgfseÿf, gf oulfti lh begf augbhg ljgotl`i,
qug hls plrtgs oifvgfclf. L jlhtl `g ploti, hl clrlftál aibehelrel ljgotlrì gh begf aug-
aug -
bhg, sus plrtgs eftgcrlftgs y loogsireis gxestgftgs lh tegapi `g hl gkgouoeÿf y, gvgf-
tulhagftg, gh prgoei `g hl gflkgfloeÿf, gh fugvi begf augbhg qug rgsuhtg `g hl trlfsjir-
aloeÿf `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel, hl ef`gafezloeÿf `gh sgcuri
qug sg mubegsg oiftrltl`i y hl kusteprgoel`l gf gh olsi `g hl gxpripeloeÿf.
Lrtáouhi 3.- Clr lftáls aibehelrels
aibehelrels suogs
suogsev
evls
ls
@urlftg hl vecgfoel `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel, gh oifstetuygftg pug`g oifstetuer
clrlftál aibehelrel `g sgcuf`i y pistgreirgs rlfcis sibrg gh aesai begf augbhg, oif
lvesi fitlrelh lh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i `g hl preagrl clrlftál.
Lrtáouhi =.- Lai
Lairr tez
tezloe
loeÿf
ÿf `g hl clrlftál
clr lftál aibe
a ibehe
helr
lr el
Gh oifstetuygftg pi`rì plotlr plcis oif gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i plrl `esaefuer
hl clrlftál y uslr his begfgs, altgrel `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel, plrl oifstetuer fugvls
clrlftáls.
Lrtáouhi 5.- Clr lft
lftál
ál aibehelr
aibehelrel
el sibr
sibr g tátuhis
tátuhis vlhi
vlhirr gs r gprgsgftltevi
gprgsgftlteviss `gh
`iaefei `g begfgs augbhgs
au gbhgs
Oulf`i sg ljgotg gf clrlftál aibehelrel, oifjirag l hls `espiseoeifgs `g hl prg-
sgftg Hgy, uf tátuhi vlhir rgprgsgftltevi `gh `iaefei `g begfgs augbhgs, fi sg pi-
`rì oifstetuer hl clrlftál aibehelrel `ergotlagftg sibrg his begfgs augbhgs qug `eomi
tátuhi vlhir rgprgsgftl.
Lrtáouhi <>.- @g
@grgomi
rgomiss `g pis
pisgs
gseÿ
eÿf,r
f,r gtg
gtgfoe
foeÿfÿf y vg
vgftl
ftl
Gh efouapheaegfti `g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l, itircl lh lorgg`ir clrlftezl-
`i gh `grgomi l l`querer hl pisgseÿf y,y, gf su olsi, rgtgfgr gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf
clrlftál aibehelrel. Gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i tgf`rì gh `grgomi `g vgf`gr `eomi begf
augbhg plrl gh plci `g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l, oifjirag l hl prgsgftg Hgy.
Lrtáouhi <<.- @g
@grr go
gomis
mis y `gbgr
`gbgr gs `gh
`gh oifstetuygftg
oifstetuygftg y `gh gvggvgftu
ftulh
lh l`quergf-
l`q uergf-
tg i `gpisetlr
`gpisetlr ei
Gh oifstetuygftg i, gf su olsi, gh gvgftulh l`quergftg `gh begf augbhg ljgoti gf
clrlftál aibehelrel, tgf`rì, slhvi ploti `estefti, his secuegftgs `grgomis y `gbgrgs;

2<3
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

<. Gh `grgomi `g uslr, `esjrutlr y `espifgr `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál
aibehelrel, efohue`is sus jrutis y pri`uotis. @gbgrì lbstgfgrsg `g ti`i loti qug ea- ea-
pirtg lbusi `gh begf augbhg4
2. Hl ibhecloeÿf `g gftrgclr hl pisgseÿf `gh begf augbhg `l`i gf clrlftál ai- ai -
behelrel lh rgprgsgftlftg `gsecfl`i plrl susu vgftl i, gf su
su `gjgoti, lh lorgg`ir
lorgg`ir clrlfte-
zl`i oulf`i
hl clrlftál åstg fitequg lh oifstetuygftg su `goeseÿf `g priog`gr l hl gkgouoeÿf `g
aibehelrel4
?. Hl ibhecloeÿf `g oifsgrvlr gh begf augbhg ljgoti gf clrlftál aibehelrel y,
oifsgougftgagftg,, gvetlr su pår`e`l i `gtgreiri. _e gh oifstetuygftg i, gf su olsi, gh
oifsgougftgagftg
gvgftulh l`quergftg, `llrl i pusegrl gf pghecri gh begf augbhg `l`i gf clrlftál ai- ai-
behelrel,
behelre l, gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i
clrlftezl` i tgf`rì `grgomi l gxecer su gftrgcl gf `gpÿseti l ufl
tgrogrl pgrsifl i priog`gr l hl gkgouoeÿf `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel oifjirag lh Pátuhi EEE
`g hl prgsgftg Hgy, sef pgrkueoei `gh `grgomi l siheoetlr hl gftrgcl `g uf begf aug-
bhg `g eculh i alyir vlhirvlh ir lh qug rggaphlzl
rgg aphlzl gh `gtgreir
` gtgreirii i `li `gh begf
be gf augbhg sg
vgreolrì oiaplrlf`i gh gstl`i `g oifsgrvloeÿf gfoiftrl`i, oif gh `gohlrl`i gf
gh efoesi 7 `gh lrtáouhi <5 `g hl prgsgftg Hgy i ag`elftg pgretlkg loir`l`i gftrg hls
plrtgs4
0. Hl ibhecloeÿf `g pgraeter qug gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i efspgooeifg gf oulh-
quegr aiagfti gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel plrl vgreolr su olfte- olfte-
`l`, olhe`l` y gstl`i `g oifsgrvloeÿf. @eoml efspgooeÿf fi `gbg pgrturblr hl pisgseÿf
ploáol y rgcuhlr `gh `gh oifstetuygftg i, gf su olsi, `gh gvgftulh l`quergftg y, y,
7. Hl ibhecloeÿf `g efjiralr, pir oif`uoti fitlrelh, lh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i si-
brg hl ubeoloeÿf, trlshl`i, vgftl, trlfsjiraloeÿf
trlfsjiraloeÿf i trlfsjgrgfoel `gh begf augbhg ljgo-
ljgo-
tl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel, qug fi gstì efoirpirl`i gf uf Rgcestri Kurá`eoi.
Gs lpheolbhg lh gvgftulh `gpisetlrei hi gstlbhgoe`i gf his efoesis 2, ?, 0 y 7 `g
gstg lrtáouhi.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi <2.
<2.- @g
@grr go
gomis
mis y `gbgrgs
`gbgrgs `gh lorgg`ir clrlft
clr lftez
ezl`i
l`i
Gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i, slhvi ploti `estefti, tegfg gh `grgomi `g gkgoutlr hl cl-
rlftál aibehelrel oulf`i sg pri`uzol gh efouapheaegfti `g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l.
Gxogpoeiflhagftg, gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i pi`rì gkgoutlr hl clrlftál aibehel- aibehel -
rel lftgs `gh vgfoeaegfti `g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l, oulf`i ougftg oif juf`lagf-
tis rlziflbhgs y ibkgtevis `g qug gh begf augbhg `l`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel fi sg gf-
ougftrl `gbe`lagftg oifsgrvl`i i `gsoubregrl itrls oeroufstlfoels qug pu`egrlf `e `e--
ouhtlr i mlogr eapisebhg hl gkgouoeÿf `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel.
Gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i, gf olsi `g qug tuvegsg hl pisgseÿf `gh begf augbhg,
tgf`rì hl olhe`l` `g `gpisetlrei y `gbgrì oue`lrhi y alftgfgrhi gf bugf gstl`i. _e gh
lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i `llrl i pusegrl gf pghecri gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál
aibehelrel, gh `gu`ir i gh oifstetuygftg tgf`rìf `grgomi l gxecer su gftrgcl gf `gpÿse `gpÿse--
ti l ufl tgrogrl pgrsifl, sef pgrkueoei `g hl ef`gafezloeÿf l qug mubegrg huclr4 gh `g-
tgreiri i `li `gh begf augbhg sg vgreolrì oiaplrlf`i gh gstl`i `g oifsgrvloeÿf gf- gf-
oiftrl`i oif gh `gohlrl`i gf gh efoesi 7 `gh lrtáouhi <5 `g hl prgsgftg Hgy i ag`elftg
pgretlkg loir`l`i gftrg hls plrtgs.

2<=
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

_e gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i tegfg hl pisgseÿf `gh begf `l`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel

y åstg pri`uog jrutis i eftgrgsgs, gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i his pgroeberì pir ougftl `gh
`gu`ir, y his eaputlrì l his eftgrgsgs `g hl `gu`l clrlftezl`l y gh gxogsi qug mubegrg
lh olpetlh4 slhvi ploti gf oiftrlrei.
Gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i gstì ibhecl`i l `gvihvgr gh begf ljgotl`i gf clrlftál
aibehelrel
rlftezl`l. _elh sg
oifstetuygftg i `gu`ir oulf`i
pgr`egrg i `gstruygrg gh begf sg ouaphl
`l`i oif hl ibhecloeÿf
gf clrlftál aibehelrel, prefoeplh cl--
åstg sgrì pl-
pl
cl`i pir gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i, quegf sÿhi pi`rì gxeaersg `g gstl ibhecloeÿf, pri- pri-
blf`i qug fi sg pgr`eÿ i `gstruyÿ pir su ouhpl. Oulf`i hl pår`e`l jugrg pir olsi jir-
tueti i jugrzl alyir, lolgoe`l `gspuås `g gxtefcue`l hl ibhecloeÿf prefoeplh clrlfte-
zl`l, gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i plclrì his begfgs ljgotl`is gf clrlftál aibehelrel se fi
tuvi kustl olusl plrl `gairlr su `gvihuoeÿf. Pegfg eculh rgspifslbehe`l` gh lorgg`ir
clrlftezl`i qug, sef mlbgr tgfe`i olusl hgclh, rgmûsl gh plci `g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlfte-
zl`l ijrgoe`i pir gh `gu`ir
`gu`ir..
_e gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i pegr`g hl pisgseÿf `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlf-
tál aibehelrel, pug`g rgoupgrlrhl gf pi`gr `g quegf sg gfougftrg, efohusevg `gh `gu`ir.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi <?.
<?.- ^grsgo
^grsgoutireg`l`
utireg`l` `g hl hl clrl ftál aibehe
aibehelr
lr el
Hl gflkgfloeÿf qug meoegrg gh oifstetuygftg i gh gvgftulh l`quergftg `gh begf
augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel, fi pgrku`eolrì hl phgfl vecgfoel `g åstl.
Hi `espugsti gf gh pìrrlji lftgreir fi recg oulf`i gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf
clrlftál aibehelrel gs l`quere`i gf tegf`l i hiolh lbegrti lh pûbheoi y segaprg qug sgl
laplrl`i pir oiapriblftg `g plci `gh trlfsjgrgftg. _g gxohuyg `g gstl rgchl gh olsi
`g his begfgs augbhgs efsoretis gf uf Rgcestri Kurá`eoi `g Begfgs.
Lrtáouhi <0.- Gxt gfsgfseÿ eÿff `g hl clr
clr lftál aibehelrel
aibehelrel sibr
sibrgg gh
gh prgoei
prgoei `g hl hl
gflkgfloeÿf
_e gh `gu`ir gflkgfl l tátuhi ifgrisi gh begf `l`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel, åstl sg
gxtgf`grì lh prgoei `g hl gflkgfloeÿf aegftrls pgralfgzol gf su pisgseÿf i oiftrih,
sef pgrkueoei `g hl pgrsgoutireg`l` l qug sg rggrg gh lrtáouhi <? `g hl prgsgftg Hgy.
_g prgsuaerì qug gh prgoei `g hl gflkgfloeÿf gs rgsuhtl`i `g hl `espiseoeÿf i
trlfsjgrgfoel `gh begf augbhg `l`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel, slhvi qug gh `gu`ir prug-
bg hi oiftrlrei.
Lrtáo
Lrt áouhi
uhi <7.-
<7.- Gxtgfseÿf
Gxtgfseÿf `g hl clr lft
lftál
ál aibehelr
aibehelr el sibrg uf fugvi begf
begf augbhg
a ugbhg
_e gh `gu`ir trlfsjiral, gf uf sgcuf`i begf augbhg, gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf
clrlftál aibehelrel, åstl sg gxtgf`grì lh fugvi begf augbhg. Gh `gu`ir gstì ibhecl`i
l oiaufeolr lh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i, `gftri `g his 7 `áls y ag`elftg olrtl fitlrelh, hl
jgoml gf qug iourrl hl trlfsjiraloeÿf y hls olrlotgrásteols `gh fugvi begf augbhg, rg-
suhtlftg `g hl trlfsjiraloeÿf. Gf gstg olsi, gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i `gbgrì efsoreber gf
gh Rgcestri oirrgspif`egftg hl clrlftál aibehelrel qug rgolg sibrg gh fugvi begf aug-
bhg, hgvlftìf`isg hl clrlftál lftgreiragftg oifstetue`l.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi <:.
<:.- Clr lftál aibehe
aibehelr
lr el sibrg
sibrg or
or å`e
å`etis
tis
^ug`g oifstetuersg clrlftál aibehelrel sibrg his orå`etis prgsgftgs i juturis `gh
`gu`ir i `gh oifstetuygftg `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel.

2<5
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i pi`rì siheoetlr lh oifstetuygftg `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel

efjiraloeÿf rghltevl lh priogsi `g oibri `g his orå`etis `l`is gf clrlftál aibehelrel.

OL^ÁPWHI EE
OIF_PEPWOEßF
OIF_PEPWOEß F @G
@G HL
H L CLRLF
CLRLFPÁL
PÁL AIBEHELREL
AIBEHELRE L
Lr táouhi <3.
Lrtáouhi <3.- Oifs
Oifstetuoe
tetuoeÿf
ÿf
Hl rghloeÿf kurá`eol gftrg hls plrtgs `grevl`l `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel sibrg gh
begf augbhg sg oifstetuyg ag`elftg loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi ufehltgrlh i phurehltgrlh,
`gbe`lagftg itircl`i oif hl flhe`l` `g lsgcurlr gh ouapheaegfti `g ufl ibhecloeÿf.
^lrl qug hl clrlftál aibehelrel sgl ipifebhg jrgftg l tgrogris `gbg gstlr efsoretl
gf gh Rgcestri oirrgspif`egftg.
Gh loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi oifstlrì pir gsoreti y pi`rì efstruagftlrsg pir
oulhquegr ag`ei jgmloegftg qug `gkg oifstlfoel `g hl vihuftl` `g quegf hi itircl, ef-
ohuygf`i gh tåhgx, tghgjlx, eftgrolabei ghgotrÿfeoi `g `ltis, oirrgi ghgotrÿfeoi y ag-
`eis ÿpteois i seaehlrgs, `g oifjirae`l` oif hl Hgy F» 232:5 Hgy `g erals y Ogrte- Ogrte-
ol`is @ecetlhgs, gh @gorgti _uprgai F» ><5-2>>2-KW_ Rgchlagfti `g hl Hgy `g er-
als y Ogrteol`is @ecetlhgs y hls `gaìs firals lpheolbhgs gf gstl altgrel.
Oulf`i hl clrlftál aibehelrel sg oifstetuyl pir uf tgrogri, fi sg rgqugrerì `gh
oifsgfteaegfti `gh `gu`ir
`gu`ir..
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi <=.
<=.- Oifstetuoeÿ
Oifstetuoeÿff `g hl clrlftál
clrl ftál aibehelr
aibehelr el sibr
sibr g tátuhis
tátuhis vlhirgs
vlhirgs
Oulf`i sg ljgotg gf clrlftál aibehelrel tátuhis vlhirgs i vlhirgs rgprgsgftl`is
ag`elftg lfitloeifgs gf ougftl, hl clrlftál aibehelrel sg oifstetuerì `g lougr`i l hi
`espugsti gf hl hgy `g hl altgrel. Hl prgsgftg Hgy sg lpheolrì suphgtirelagftg gf hi
qug sgl pgrtefgftg.
Lrtáo
Lrt áouhi
uhi <5.-
<5.- Oiftgfe`i `gh loti kur á`eo
á`eoii oifstetutevi
oifstetutevi `g hl clrlft
clr lftál
ál aibehelr
aibehelr el
Gh loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel `gbgrì oiftgfgr oiai
aáfeai;
<. His `ltis qug pgraetlf hl e`gfteoloeÿf, efohuygf`i gh `iaeoehei, `gh oifste-
oifste-

tuygftg,
ol oulf`i `ghagfis
lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i y `gh `gu`ir, lsá oiai hl ral gsoretl i ghgotrÿfe -
`gh preagri.
2. Gf olsi `g begfgs fi rgcestrl`is, hl `gohlrloeÿf kurl`l `gh oifstetuygftg sibrg
su oif`eoeÿf `g pripegtlrei `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel. Gh oifs-
tetuygftg lsuaerì hls rgspifslbehe`l`gs oevehgs i pgflhgs qug pu`egrlf `grevlrsg `g hl
jlhsg`l` i efgxlotetu` `g gstl `gohlrloeÿf.
?. Gh vlhir `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel, loir`l`i gftrg hls
plrtgs i kl`i pir uf tgrogri `g oiaûf lougr`i.
lougr`i.
0. Gh aifti `gtgraefl`i i `gtgraeflbhg `gh crlvlagf.
7. Hl e`gfteoloeÿf y hl `gsorepoeÿf `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibe-
aibe -
helrel. Hl `gsorepoeÿf sg rglhezlrì prgjgrgftgagftg `g jiral gspgoáol i cgfåreol, sg-sg -
cûf hi lougr`gf hls plrtgs.

22>
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

:. Hl `gsorepoeÿf gspgoáol i cgfåreol `g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l, sgcûf hi

lougr`gf hls plrtgs.
3. Gh fiabrg i rlzÿf sioelh, `iouagfti ioelh `g e`gfte`l` y `iaeoehei `gh `g-`g -
pisetlrei, se jugrl gh
gh olsi.
=. Hl jgoml oegrtl `gh loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi.
5. Gh phlzi `g vecgfoel `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel. ^i`rì plotlrsg uf phlzi ef`g-
ef`g -
fe`i. Gf `gjgoti `g phlzi plotl`i, sg prgsuag qug gs ef`gfe`i.
<>. Hl jiral y oif`eoeifgs `g hl gkgouoeÿf `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlf-
tál aibehelrel.
<<. Ef`eoloeÿf `g his `ltis `g efsorepoeÿf `gh begf augbhg gf uf Rgcestri Kurá`e-
oi `g Begfgs, oulf`i oirrgspif`l.
<2. `gfteoloeÿf `g his rgprgsgftlftgs l qug sg rggrgf his lrtáouhis 03, efoesi
<, y 7?, fuagrlh 7?.:, `g sgr gh olsi.
i`l hl efjiraloeÿf qug lftgog`g `gbgrì oifstlr gf gh jirauhlrei `g efsorep-
efsorep -
oeÿf oirrgspif`egftg.
Lrtáouhi 2>.- Clrlftá
Clrlftáll aibeh
aibehelrel prgoi
prgoifsfste
tetue
tue`l
`l

^ug`g prgoifstetuersg
<. _ibrg hl clrlftál
begf augbhg lkgfi, lftgsaibehelrel gf his secuegftgs
`g qug gh oifstetuygftg olsis;hl pripeg`l`
l`quegrl
`g `eomi begf augbhg.
2. _ibrg begf augbhg juturi, lftgs `g qug gxestl.
?. ^lrl lsgcurlr ibhecloeifgs juturls i gvgftulhgs.
Gf his olsis agfoeifl`is, `gbgrì `gklrsg oifstlfoel gf gh loti kurá`eoi oifste-oifste-
tutevi `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel `gh olrìotgr lkgfi i juturi `gh begf augbhg i `gh ol- ol -
rìotgr juturi i gvgftulh `g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l.
Lrtáouhi 2<.- Goloel `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel prgoifstetue`l
Hl goloel `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel prgoifstetue`l qug`lrì sukgtl l hls secuegf-
secuegf-
tgs rgchls;
<. rltìf`isg `g uf begf augbhg lkgfi, l qug gh oifstetuygftg l`quegrl hl pri -
peg`l` `g `eomi begf
begf augbhg.
2. rltìf`isg `g uf begf augbhg juturi, l qug gh begf augbhg hhgcug l gxester.
?. rltìf`isg `g ufl ibhecloeÿf juturl i gvgftulh, l qug gf gjgoti sg oiftrlecl
tlh ibhecloeÿf.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 22.
22.- ^r
^rgh
ghloe
loeÿf
ÿf `g hl clrlftál
clr lftál aibe
a ibehe
helr
lr el pr go
goifs
ifstetue`l
tetue`l
^lrl surter gjgotis jrgftg l tgrogris, hl clrlftál aibehelrel prgoifstetue`l `gbg-
rì efsorebersg gf gh Rgcestri oirrgspif`egftg. Wfl vgz l`quere`l su phgfl goloel, his
gjgotis `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel sg rgtritrlgf l hl jgoml `g hl efsorepoeÿf gf gh Rgces-
tri oirrgspif`egftg. His gjgotis rgtrilotevis fi pgrku`eolf his `grgomis qug, gvgf-
tulhagftg, mubegsg itircl`i su lftgreir pripegtlrei sibrg gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf
clrlftál aibehelrel.

22<
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Lrtáouhi 2?.- Jlhtl `g pgrjgooe

pgrjgooeiflaegfti
iflaegfti `g hl hl clrl ftál aibehelr
aibehelr el
prgoifstetue`l
Gh `gu`ir i gh tgrogri oifstetuygftg, gf su olsi, sgrìf rgspifslbhgs se hl clrlftál
prgoifstetue`l fi hhgclrl l pgrjgooeiflrsg pir
pir olusl qug hg sgl
sgl eaputlbhg.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 20.
20.- Lj
Ljgo
gotloeÿ
tloeÿff `g beg
b egfgs
fgs augbhgs
augbhgs gf clrlftál
clrl ftál aibeh
a ibehelr
elrel
el pir oi
oifs-
fs-
tetuygftg sef `grgomi
_e gh oifstetuygftg `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel fi gs pripegtlrei `gh begf augbhg
i `gh `grgomi ljgotl`i, hl clrlftál aibehelrel fi tgf`rì gjgotis jrgftg lh pripegtlrei.
_e gh oifstetuygftg lplrgog oiai pripegtlrei `gh begf augbhg i `grgomi gf lh-
cûf rgcestri `g begfgs, i gs hgcáteai pisgg`ir `gh begf i `grgomi y fi gxestg uf rgces-
tri qug lorg`etg hl pripeg`l`, hl clrlftál aibehelrel subsesterì segaprg qug gh lorgg`ir
clrlftezl`i mlyl lotul`i `g bugfl jg.

PÁPWHI EE
OL^ÁPWHI E
^RGHLOEßF
^RG HLOEßF @G HI_ LORG
LORGG@IRG_
G@IRG_ CLRLFPE[L@I_

Lr táouhi 27.
Lrtáouhi 27.- ^r gh
ghloeÿ
loeÿff oif rgspgoti
rgspgoti `g itris lorgg`irgs
lorgg`irgs
Hl clrlftál aibehelrel rgcuhl`l pir gstl Hgy oifgrg lh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i
prgjgrgfoel sibrg hl blsg `g hl jgoml
jgoml `g su efsorepoeÿf gf gh Rgcestri oirrgspif`egftg.
Gf his priog`eaegftis `g `esihuoeÿf y heque`loeÿf `g gaprgsls, gh ir`gf `g prg-
jgrgfoel gf gh plci l his
h is lorgg`irgs sg recg sgcûf gh lrtáouhi 02, r`gf `g prgjgrgfoel,
fuagrlh 02.< `g hl Hgy F» 23=>5, Hgy gfgrlh `gh _estgal Oifourslh.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 2:.
2:.- ^r gh
ghloeÿ
loeÿff oif
oif rgs
r gspgoti
pgoti l itrls
itr ls clr
clr lft
lftáls
áls aibehe
aibehelr
lr els
Oulf`i sg mubegsgf oifstetue`i clrlftáls aibehelrels suogsevls sibrg gh aesai
begf augbhg, hl prgjgrgfoel sg rgcuhl `g lougr`i l hl jgoml `g efsorepoeÿf gf gh Rgces-
tri oirrgspif`egftg.
Lr táouhi 23.
Lrtáouhi 23.- ^r gh
ghloeÿ
loeÿff oif r gs
gspgoti
pgoti l hl ogseÿ
ogseÿff `g
` g `grgomis
Hl efsorepoeÿf `g hl ogseÿf `g `grgomis gf gh Rgcestri oirrgspif`egftg, yl sgl
gf pripeg`l` i gf clrlftál, itircl prgjgrgfoel plrl su plci lh ogseiflrei `gs`g hl jg-
oml `g tlh efsorepoeÿf.
Hl ogseÿf efsoretl gf gh Rgcestri oirrgspif`egftg prgvlhgog sibrg hl ogseÿf fi-
teol`l lh `gu`ir og`e`i.
Hl ogseÿf `g `grgomis, yl sgl gf pripeg`l` i gf clrlftál, fi gs hgclhagftg pi-
sebhg se ghhl gstì gxprgslagftg primebe`l gf gh rgspgotevi tátuhi.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 2=.
2=.- Rgspi
Rgspifslbehe`l`
fslbehe`l` `gh lorgg`ir og`gftg
og`gftg
Gh lorgg`ir qug mlbegf`i og`e`i uf orå`eti rgoebg gh plci `gh `gu`ir og`e`i
gs rgspifslbhg oevehagftg, sef pgrkueoei `g hl rgspifslbehe`l` pgflh qug oirrgspif`l.

222
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Lr táouhi 25.
Lrtáouhi 25.- ^r gh
ghloeÿ
loeÿff oif rgs
r gspgoti
pgoti l tátuhis vlhi
vlhirgs
rgs
Hi `espugsti gf gh lrtáouhi 2: fi recg trltìf`isg `g clrlftáls aibehelrels oifs-
oifs-
tetue`ls sibrg tátuhis vlhirgs. Gf tlh olsi sg lpheolrì hi `espugsti gf hl Hgy `g átu-
átu-
his Zlhirgs.
Lrtáouhi ?>.- Pr lfsaes
lfsaeseÿeÿff `gh loti kur á`e
á`eoi
oi oi
oifste
fstetutevi
tutevi `g hl
hl clrlftál
clrlf tál
aibehelrel
Gh loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel gs trlfsaesebhg pir oulh-
quegr jiral pgraete`l pir hl hgy. Hl trlfsaeseÿf `gh loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi `gbg
sgr efsoretl gf gh Rgcestri oirrgspif`egftg plrl pri`uoer gjgotis jrgftg l tgrogris. Gf
gh olsi `g qug gh rgjgre`i loti sgl trlfsaesebhg pir gf`isi, gs lpheolbhg hi gstlbhgoe-
`i gf hl Hgy `g Pátuhis Zlhirgs.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi ?<.
?<.- Gxt efo
efoeÿ
eÿff `gh orå`eti iti
itirr cl`i gf clr
clr lftál aibehelrel
aibehelrel
Gf gh olsi `g uf orå`eti itircl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel, su gvgftulh gxtef-
oeÿf pir ag`ei `estefti lh plci fi gs ipifebhg lh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i gf ouyi jl-
vir sg mubegrg oifstetue`i hl clrlftál aibehelrel, slhvi lsgfteaegfti `g `eomi lorgg-
`ir clrlftezl`i.

EF_ OL^ÁPWHI
EF_ORE^OE
ORE^OEßF RGCEEE_PRLH
ßF RGCE_PRLH
Lr táouhi ?2.
Lrtáouhi ?2.- Lo
Lotis
tis efsorebebhgs
efsorebebhgs
_if efsorebebhgs sibrg his begfgs augbhgs l qug sg rggrg gh lrtáouhi 0 `g gstl
Hgy his secuegftgs lotis;
<. Hl clrlftál aibehelrel l qug sg rggrg gstl Hgy y his lotis rghltevis l su g -
oloel, ai`eoloeÿf i gvgftulh ogseÿf.
2. Hls rgsihuoeifgs ku`eoelhgs, lrbetrlhgs i l`aefestrltevls rgjgre`ls l hl clrlftál
aibehelrel rgcuhl`l pir gstl Hgy.
?. His lotis kurá`eois qug l oiftefuloeÿf sg gfuagrlf, plrl his gjgotis `g su
prghloeÿf, ipifebehe`l` y pubheoe`l`, oulhquegrl qug sgl su jiral, `gfiaefloeÿf i

flturlhgzl, `gstefl`is
sgftgs i juturis, l ljgotlri `gtgraeflbhgs,
`gtgraefl`is begfgs augbhgssukgtis
i `grgomis
i fi l`g ti`l flturlhgzl,
ai`lhe`l`, prg-
efohuygf`i;
l. ogseÿf `g `grgomis4
b. `geoiaesis
o. lrrgf`laegfti4
`. lrrgf`laegfti flfoegri
g. oiftrltis `g oifsecfloeÿf4
j. ag`e`ls olutghlrgs4
c. oiftrltis prgplrltireis4
m. oiftrltis `g ipoeÿf4 g,
e. itris lotis kurá`eois gf his qug sg ljgotgf begfgs augbhgs.

22?
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Oulf`i his lotis efsorebebhgs l his qug sg rggrg gstg lrtáouhi rgoleclf sibrg beg-
beg -
fgs augbhgs rgcestrl`is gf uf Rgcestri Kurá`eoi `g egfgs, åstis sg efsoreberìf gf hl
oirrgspif`egftg plrte`l rgcestrlh. Gf olsi oiftrlrei, sg efsoreberìf gf gh Rgcestri Ai-
Ai -
behelrei `g Oiftrltis.
His lotis efsorebebhgs rgjgre`is l begfgs augbhgs juturis sgrìf efsoretis gf gh
Rgcestri
gxogpoeÿfAibehelrei `g Oiftrltis
`g his begfgs y pgralfgogrìf
augbhgs oegrtis lhhárgcestrl`is
qug `gblf sgr hugci `g qug
gf `gkgf `g sgrhi,
uf Rgcestri Kurá-l
`eoi `g egfgs, ouyis lotis yl efsoretis sgrìf trlshl`l`is lh rgcestri oirrgspif`egftg.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi ??.
??.- Oiftgfe`i `gh lsegfti
lsegfti ghgo
ghgotr
tr ÿfeo
ÿfeoii
Gh lsegfti ghgotrÿfeoi `gbgrì oiftgfgr;
<. Fiabrg i rlzÿf sioelh, `iouagfti ioelh `g e`gfte`l` y `iaeoehei `gh `gu- `gu-
`ir y, gf su olsi, `gh oifstetuygftg.
2. Fiabrg i rlzÿf sioelh, `iouagfti ioelh `g e`gfte`l` y `iaeoehei `gh lorgg-lorgg-
`ir clrlftezl`i.
?. @gsorepoeÿf `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel, sgcûf gh efoesi
7 `gh lrtáouhi <5 `g hl prgsgftg Hgy.
0. Gf olsi `g begfgs fi rgcestrl`is, hl `gohlrloeÿf kurl`l `gh oifstetuygftg sibrg
su oif`eoeÿf `g pripegtlrei `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel. Gh oifs-
tetuygftg lsuaerì hls rgspifslbehe`l`gs oevehgs i pgflhgs qug pu`egrlf `grevlrsg `g hl
jlhsg`l` i efgxlotetu` `g gstl `gohlrloeÿf.
7. Gh fiabrg i rlzÿf sioelh, `iouagfti ioelh `g e`gfte`l` y `iaeoehei `gh `g- `g -
pisetlrei, se jugrl ghgh olsi.
:. Jiral y oif`eoeifgs `g hl gkgouoeÿf `gh begf augbhg.
3. Gh vlhir `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel, loir`l`i gftrg hls
plrtgs i kl`i pir uf tgrogri `g oiaûf lougr`i.
lougr`i.
=. Aifti `gtgraefl`i i `gtgraeflbhg `gh crlvlagf.
5. Jgoml oegrtl `gh loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel.
<>. ^hlzi `g vecgfoel `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel efsoretl, sgcûf hi sglhl`i gf gh
loti kurá`eoi
<<. @ltisoifstetutevi `g hl clrlftál
`g efsorepoeÿf `gh begfaibehelrel.
augbhg gf uf rgcestri `g begfgs, oulf`i
oirrgspif`l.
<2. `gfteoloeÿf `g his rgprgsgftlftgs (fiabrg i rlzÿf sioelh, `iouagfti i- i-
oelh `g e`gfte`l` y `iaeoehei) l qug sg rggrgf his lrtáouhis 03, efoesi <, y 7?, fuag-
fuag-
rlh 7?.:, `g sgr gh olsi.
Hl efjiraloeÿf qug lftgog`g `gbgrì oifstlr, gf oulfti sgl lpheolbhg, gf gh
lsegfti ghgotrÿfeoi `g his itris lotis efsorebebhgs.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi ?0.
?0.- Jirauhlr ei `g Efsor
Efsor epo
epoeÿ
eÿff
^lrl hl efsorepoeÿf `g his lotis sglhl`is gf gh lrtáouhi ?2 `g hl prgsgftg Hgy
gf gh Rgcestri oirrgspif`egftg, tegfg aåreti suoegftg gh irauhlrei `g fsorepoeÿf
lpribl`i pir hl _WFLR^ susoreti pir his itirclftgs `gh loti, gf `if`g oifstg hl

220
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

efjiraloeÿf sglhl`l gf gh lrtáouhi <5. @eomi irauhlrei tgf`rì olrìotgr `g `gohlrl-

`gohlrl-
oeÿf kurl`l y `gbgrì gstlr ogrteol`i pir uf fitlrei pûbheoi.
His irauhlreis `g fsorepoeÿf `gbgrìf efohuer hl pisebehe`l` `g efoirpirlr ufi
i aìs lotis efsorebebhgs i begfgs ibkgti `g clrlftál aibehelrel.
Gf hl ogrteoloeÿf l hl qug sg rggrg gh pìrrlji lftgreir, gh fitlrei pûbheoi vg-
vg-
reolrì blki rgspifslbehe`l`, hl e`gfte`l` y olploe`l` `g his susoreptirgs. rltìf`i-
rltìf`i -
sg `g clrlftáls aibehelrels, `gbgrì vgreolr l`gaìs qug gh irauhlrei `g fsorepoeÿf
gstå oiaphgti, ouaphegf`i oif ti`is his rgquesetis sglhl`is gf gh lrtáouhi <5 `g hl
prgsgftg Hgy. Gf gh olsi `g his `gaìs lotis efsorebebhgs, vgreolrì gh ouapheaegfti
`g his rgquesetis qug hl _WFLR^ gstlbhgzol plrl tlh gjgoti. Hl ogrteoloeÿf fi supi supi--
fg hl gvlhuloeÿf `g hl hgclhe`l` fe `g hl vlhe`gz `g hl clrlftál i `gh loti efsorebebhg.
Gh irauhlrei `g fsorepoeÿf sg gxtgf`grì y ogrteolrì pir hi agfis gf `upheol-
`upheol-
`i. Wf gkgaphlr `gh aesai qug`lrì gf pi`gr `gh fitlrei, quegf hi culr`lrì y ousti- ousti -
`elrì, pu`egf`i gxpg`er trlshl`is `gh aesai oif vlhir hgclh. tri gkgaphlr sgrì `gs- `gs-
tefl`i lh lromevi `gh Rgcestri oirrgspif`egftg.
Ag`elf tg gh lrtáouhi < `gh @gorgti _u prgai F» ><2-2>>:-KW_ pubheol`i gh
<:/>:/2>>: sg gstlbhgogf `espiseoeifgs gspgoelhgs plrl
plrl gh efstrua gfti fitlrelh
f itlrelh
‘Jirau hlrei `g Ef sorep
sorepoeÿf‑
oeÿf‑ gf lpheo
lpheoloeÿf
loeÿf `gh prgsgftg lrtáouhi.
Lr táouhi ?7.
Lrtáouhi ?7.- Ws
Wsii `g ag`eis ghg
ghgotr
otrÿfeo
ÿfeois
is
Gh irauhlrei `g fsorepoeÿf pi`rì gxtgf`grsg gf ag`eis ghgotrÿfeois gf ouyi
olsi su susorepoeÿf y ogrteoloeÿf tlabeåf sg rglhezlrì gaphglf`i gstis ag`eis. Hl
_WFLR^ lutirezlrì pricrgsevlagftg hl utehezloeÿf `g gstis ag`eis ghgotrÿfeois. Gf
gstg olsi, hl prgsgftloeÿf `gh irauhlrei `g fsorepoeÿf lh Rgcestri sg rglhezlrì ag-
ag -
`elftg su trlfsaeseÿf ghgotrÿfeol.
Hl _WFLR^ `gtgraeflrì hls ai`lhe`l`gs `g susorepoeÿf y ogrteoloeÿf ghgotrÿ-
ghgotrÿ-
feol l gaphglrsg, lsá oiai his olflhgs e`ÿfgis `g trlfsaeseÿf.
Lrtáouhi ?:.- Olheoloeÿf rgcestrlh
Hl olheoloeÿf `g hgclhe`l` lsá oiai hl vlhe`gz `gh loti efsorebebhg y hl olploe-
olploe-
`l` `g his itirclftgs pir plrtg `gh Rgcestrl`ir sg heaetlrì ûfeolagftg l hi qug sg `gs-
`gs-
prgf`l olheolr
`gbgrì `gh oiftgfe`i `gh irauhlrei
hl rgprgsgftloeÿf `g fsorepoeÿf
efviol`l, `g sgr ghyolsi.
su ogrteoloeÿf. Gh Rgcestrl`ir
Rgcestrl`ir
Gh Rgcestrl`ir fi pi`rì siheoetlr gf fefcûf olsi hl prgsgftloeÿf `gh loti kurá`eoi
oifstetutevi `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel i cgfgrl`ir `gh loti efsorebebhg. lapioi
lapioi pi`rì
gxecersg hl prgsgftloeÿf `g his `iouagftis qug ogrtequgf gh plci `g trebutis `g oulh-
oulh -
quegr ohlsg plrl hl efsorepoeÿf `g his `evgrsis lotis efsorebebhgs.
rltìf`isg `g begfgs augbhgs rgcestrl`is, gh rgcestrl`ir vgreolrì l`gaìs
hl l`gouloeÿf `gh oiftgfe`i `gh Jirauhlrei `g Efsorepoeÿf oif his lftgog`gftgs
rgcestrlhgs, gh ouapheaegfti `gh trloti suogsevi y hl efgxestgfoel `g ibstìouhis qug
galfgf `g hl plrte`l. Gf gstg olsi, gh prgsgftlftg `gh jirauhlrei, gh oifstetuygftg `g
hl clrlftál i oulhquegrl `g his itirclftgs `gh loti efsorebebhg pi`rìf prgsgftlr lftg gh
Rgcestrl`ir his `iouagftis oiaphgagftlreis qug rgsuhtgf fgogslreis, efohuygf`i gh
loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi `g hl clrlftál i cgfgrl`ir `gh loti efsorebebhg. rltìf`isg

227
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

`g gstis ûhteais `iouagftis, gh Rgcestrl`ir heaetlrì su olheoloeÿf ûfeolagftg l hi

qug sgl fgogslrei plrl l`goulr gh Jirauhlrei oif gh lftgog`gftg rgcestrlh i oiaphg-
tlr gh trloti suogsevi.
Gf his olsis gf his qug gh Rgcestrl`ir l`vegrtl qug gh loti efsorebebhg l`ihgog `g
jlhtl `g trloti suogsevi u itri `gjgoti subslflbhg, `gbgrì gjgotulr hl lfitloeÿf prg-prg-
vgftevl
velagftgoirrgspif`egftg
gh tátuhi. Oulf`i pirghfivgftl (5>) `áls ûtehgs,
`gjgoti l`vgrte`i sef subslfl`i
mlyl se`i fgogse`l` `g ibsgrvlr
`gftri prg-
`gh phlzi
lftgs sglhl`i, gh Rgcestrl`ir priog`grì l efsoreber gh loti oirrgspif`egftg, oifver-
tegf`i gf `gfetevl hl lfitloeÿf prgvgftevl. Gf olsi oiftrlrei, hl lfitloeÿf prgvgfte- prgvgfte-
vl ol`uolrì `g phgfi `grgomi. Gh phlzi lftgs sglhl`i pi`rì sgr olabel`i pir hl _W- _W-
FLR^ ag`elftg
ag`elftg firal rgchlagftlrel.
rgchlagftlrel.
Oulf`i gh irauhlrei oiftgfcl aìs `g uf loti efsorebebhg i sg rggrl l aìs `g
uf begf augbhg y sg prgsgftg gh supugsti prgvesti gf gh pìrrlji lftgreir, gh Rgcestrl`ir
gjgotulrì hls lfitloeifgs prgvgftevls l qug mubegrl huclr, sef pgrkueoei `g gjgotulr se- se-
auhtìfglagftg hl efsorepoeÿf `gh rgsti `g lotis qug fi l`ihgzolf `g `gjgoti lhcufi.
Gh Rgcestrl`ir `gbg olheolr gh irauhlrei gf uf phlzi fi alyir l his trgs (?)
`áls mìbehgs, oiftl`is l plrter `g su efcrgsi lh Rgcestri.
Oulf`i gh Rgcestrl`ir efouaphl oif lhcufl `g hls `espiseoeifgs prgvestls gf gh
prgsgftg lrtáouhi,
lrtáouhi, efourrerì gf jlhtl l`aefestrltevl y, y, gf oifsgougfoel, sgrì susogptebhg
susogptebhg
`g sgr slfoeifl`i l`aefestrltevlagftg4 ltgf`egf`i l hl crlvg`l` `g hl jlhtl, hl rgef-
oe`gfoel, gh `li olusl`i y hl eftgfoeiflhe`l` oif hl qug mlyl lotul`i. ^lrl tlh gjgo- gjgo -
ti, sgrì lpheolbhg gh priog`eaegfti l`aefestrltevi `esoepheflrei oiftrl his Rgcestrl`i-
Rgcestrl`i-
rgs rgcuhl`i pir hl _WFLR^.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi ?3.
?3.- Gjgo
Gjgotis
tis `g hl
hl efsorepoeÿf
efsorepoeÿf
His gjgotis `g hl efsorepoeÿf, gjgotul`l `ergotlagftg i l plrter `g ufl lfitl-
oeÿf prgvgftevl qug sg oifvegrtl gf `gfetevl, sg rgtritrlgf l hl jgoml y mirl gf qug sg
mlyl efcrgsl`i gh Jirauhlrei oirrgspif`egftg lh Rgcestri, aiagfti l plrter `gh oulh
tlh efsorepoeÿf cizl `g ipifebehe`l` jrgftg l tgrogris.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi ?=.
?=.- ^r gs
gsufoeÿ
ufoeÿff `g oifioe
oifioeaegfti
aegfti
Hl efsorepoeÿf gf gh Rgcestri oirrgspif`egftg sg prgsuag oifioe`l, sef l`aeter-
sg prugbl gf oiftrlrei.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi ?5.
?5.- Rgspi
Rgspifslbehe`l`
fslbehe`l` pir efjir
efjir aloeÿ
aloeÿff efgxlo t l
Gh qug eftgfoeiflhagftg siheoetg hl efsorepoeÿf `g uf jirauhlrei `g efsorepoeÿf
oifsecflf`i efjiraloeÿf `ejgrgftg l hl `gh tátuhi oifstetutevi `gh loti efsorebebhg i
qug fi oirrgspif`l l hl rglhe`l`, sgrì rgspifslbhg pir his `lis qug iolseifg, sef pgr-
kueoei `g hl rgspifslbehe`l`
rgspifslbehe`l` pgflh gf qug pu`egrl efourrer.efourrer.
Lrtáouhi 0>.- @e @eso
sorr gplfoel gftr
gftr g gh
gh loti
loti efsorebebhg
efsorebebhg y gh
gh lsegfti
lsegfti ghg
ghgotr
otrÿfeo
ÿfeoii
_e gxestegsg `esorgplfoel gftrg gh loti kurá`eoi efsorebebhg y hl efjiraloeÿf gf gh
lsegfti ghgotrÿfeoi, prgvlhgogrì jrgftg l tgrogris hl efjiraloeÿf oiftgfe`l gf gstg ûhteai.
Gh `iaeoehei `g lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i, gh `gu`ir, y gf su olsi, `gh oifstetuygf-
tg, sgrì gh qug lplrgzol oifsecfl`i gf gh lsegfti ghgotrÿfeoi plrl gjgotis `g ti`l

22:
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

fiteoloeÿf `grevl`l `g hi `espugsti gf hl prgsgftg HgyH gy.. Hls plrtgs pi`rìf ai`eolr
su `iaeoehei pgri `eoml ai`eoloeÿf `gbgrì oifstlr gf gh lsegfti ghgotrÿfeoi oirrgs-
oirrgs -
pif`egftg oifjirag lh priog`eaegfti
priog`eaegfti qug gstlbhgzol
gstlbhgzol hl _WFLR^.
_WFLR^.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 0<.
0<.- Olfog
Olfoghlo
hloeÿ
eÿff
Gh ouapheaegfti `g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l `l `grgomi lh oifstetuygftg l gxe-
cer `gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i, hl susorepoeÿf `gh jirauhlrei `g olfoghloeÿf `g efsorep-
oeÿf. _e gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i sg fgclrg l susoreber gh jirauhlrei `g olfoghloeÿf `g
efsorepoeÿf `gftri `g his <> `áls secuegftgs l hl gxtefoeÿf `g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl-
`l, gh oifstetuygftg i gh `gu`ir pi`rì rgourrer lh agolfesai plotl`i i, l jlhtl `g åstg,
lh Kugz, sef pgrkueoei `g hl rgspifslbehe`l` oeveh `gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i. Gh Kugz trl-
aetlrì gstl prgtgfseÿf oiai priogsi sualráseai.
Hl efsorepoeÿf gf gh Rgcestri oirrgspif`egftg tegfg vecgfoel pir gh phlzi oifsec-
fl`i gf gh jirauhlrei `g efsorepoeÿf.
_g olfoghlrì gh lsegfti ghgotrÿfeoi `g his lotis efsorebebhgs oulf`i;
<. Hi `espifcl ufl rgsihuoeÿf ku`eoelh.
2. lyl trlfsourre`i gh phlzi `g hl vecgfoel `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel, slhvi rgfi
rgfi--
vloeÿf siheoetl`l pir gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i lftgs `g hl jgoml `g vgfoeaegfti.
?. Oulf`i lsá hi siheoetg gxprgslagftg gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i.
Gf gh olsi `gh efoesi 2, sg priog`grì l hl olfoghloeÿf pir hl sihl vgreoloeÿf `gh
trlfsoursi `gh phlzi `g hl vecgfoel `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel u itri loti efsorebebhg.

OL^ÁPWHI EEE
RGCE_PRI
RGC E_PRI A IBEHELRE
IBEHELREII @G OIFPRLPI_ U _E_PGAL EFPGC
EFPGCRL@I
RL@I
@G CLRLFPÁL_
C LRLFPÁL_ U OIFP
OIFPRLRLPI_
PI_
Lr táouhi 02.
Lrtáouhi 02.- Blsg `g `ltis `gh Rgce
Rgcestri
stri
Orålsg gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis `if`g sg efsoreberìf ti`is his lotis
l his qug sg rggrg gh lrtáouhi ?2 `g hl prgsgftg Hgy y qug rgoleclf sibrg begfgs aug-
aug-
bhgs fi rgcestrl`is gf uf Rgcestri Kurá`eoi `g egfgs, gh qug gstlrì oifjiral`i pir

ufl ûfeol
Ol`lblsg
loti`g efsorebebhg
`ltis ogftrlhezl`l
`l huclrplrll ti`i gh plás. `g uf lsegfti ghgotrÿfeoi
hl gxtgfseÿf
ef`gpgf`egftg.
Lrtáouhi 0?.- L`aefes
L`aefestr tr loeÿ
loeÿff y r gc
gcuhloe
uhloeÿf
ÿf `gh Rgcestr
Rgcestrii Aibehelr
Aibehelrei
ei `g
Oiftrltis
Hl _WFLR^ gstì gfolrcl`l `g hl l`aefestrloeÿf, rgcuhloeÿf y supgrveseÿf `gh
Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis. Lseaesai, hl _WFLR^ `eotlrì hls `espiseoeifgs
rgchlagftlrels fgogslrels plrl su jufoeiflaegfti, lsgcurlf`i qug his plrteouhlrgs
pug`lf loog`gr lhlh aesai l trlvås `g sus sestgals `g oÿaputi.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 00.
00.- Lo
Loog
ogsi
si l hl efjiraloe
efjiral oeÿf ÿf
Orålsg gh sestgal eftgcrl`i `g clrlftáls y oiftrltis sibrg begfgs augbhgs,
qug pgraeterì loog`gr l ti`is his lsegftis ghgotrÿfeois qug rgcestrgf lotis efsoretis

223
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

itircl`is pir ufl aesal pgrsifl tlfti gf gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis oiai
gf ti`is his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g Begfgs.
Gf tlh vertu`, hl _WFLR^ `esglrì uf sestgal `g áf`eogs qug pgraetl gjgotulr
hls bûsqug`ls fgogslrels plrl ibtgfgr gh rgjgre`i loogsi.
Lrtáouhi 07.- LoLoog
ogsi
si pûb
pûbhe
heoi
oi lh Rgcestri
Rgcestri Aibehelr
Aibehelr ei `g Oiftr ltis. ^ub
^ubheheoe
oe--
`l` Rgc
Rgces
estr
tr lh
Gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis sgrì `g loogsi pûbheoi. Hl _WFLR^ `g- `g -
bgrì pgraeter loogsi rgaiti l hl efjiraloeÿf gf gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis
l oulhquegr pgrsifl pir ag`ei `g oifgxeÿf `g Eftgrfgt y pir oulhgsquegrl itris aå-
ti`is qug hls rgcuhloeifgs gstlbhgzolf, plrl hl hgoturl y oipel`i `g hls efsorepoeifgs
`g hls clrlftáls aibehelrels u itris lotis efsorebebhgs qug sg gfougftrgf lhhá efsoretis.
Lseaesai, hl _WFLR^ gstlbhgogrì his agolfesais ghgotrÿfeois qug pgraetlf
bref`lr pubheoe`l`
pubheoe`l` ogrteol`l
ogrteol`l `g his lsegftis `gh Rgcestri
Rgcestri Aibehelrei
Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis, lsá
oiai his ogrteol`is qug sg gaeterìf plrl tlh gjgoti.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 0:.
0:.- Or
Orgloe
gloeÿf
ÿf y l`gouloeÿ
l`gouloeÿff `g tlsls rgcestr
rgcestr lhgs
Gstlbhåogsg hl orgloeÿf `g tlsls plrl hl efsorepoeÿf lftg gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei
`g Oiftrltis y gh loogsi lh _estgal Eftgcrl`i `g Clrlftáls y Oiftrltis, lsá oiai hl
l`gouloeÿf `g hls tlsls rgcestrlhgs vecgftgs gf his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g Begfgs.
PÁPWHI EEE
OL^ÁPWHI ÛFEOI
G KG OWOEßF @G HL CLRL
CLRLFPÁL
FPÁL AIBEHELREL
Lr táouhi 03.
Lrtáouhi 03.- Zgftl gxt rlk
rlku`
u`eeoelh
_e gs gxecebhg hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l, gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i pug`g priog`gr
l hl vgftl `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel gf hl jiral gstlbhgoe`l gf
his pìrrljis secuegftgs i gf gh loti oifstetutevi `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel. Gxogpoeiflh-
Gxogpoeiflh-
agftg, se ag`elrg ploti i hl setuloeÿf prgvestl gf gh efoesi :, sg vgf`grì gh begf aug-
aug-
bhg oif lrrgchi lh Oÿ`eci
Oÿ`eci ^riogslh Oeveh;
<. Gf gh loti oifstetutevi `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel sg itirclrì pi`gr gspgoá-
gspgoá -
oi g errgviolbhg l uf tgrogri plrl rglhezlr y jiralhezlr hl trlfsjgrgfoel `gh begf
augbhg ljgoti gf clrlftál aibehelrel. Fi sg l`aetg gh ploti ag`elftg gh oulh gh pri-
pei lorgg`ir
lorg g`ir clrlftezl`
clr lftezl`ii sgl gh rgprgsgftlf
rgpr gsgftlftg.
tg. Gh pi`gr
pi `gr fi rgquegrg
rg quegrg efsorep
e fsorepoeÿf
oeÿf `es-
`e s-
teftl `g hl qug oiftegfg gh Rgcestri rgspgotevi. ^lrl gstis gjgotis fi rgsuhtl lphe-
olbhg gh sgcuf`i pìrrlji `gh lrtáouhi <7? `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh fe gh lrtáouhi <7: `gh
aesai.
2. Gs fuhl hl vgftl rglhezl`l gf prgoei agfir l hls `is tgrogrls plrtgs `gh vlhir
`gh begf augbhg plotl`i pir hls plrtgs (sgcûf gh efoesi 3 `gh lrtáouhi ?? `g hl prgsgf-
prgsgf-
tg Hgy) i, gf su `gjgoti, `gh vlhir oiagroelh `gh begf augbhg lh tegapi `g hl vgftl.
Hl fuhe`l` `gbg sgr phlftgl`l `gftri `g his <7 `áls secuegftgs `g hl vgftl. Gstg phl-
zi gs `g ol`uoe`l`.

22=
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

?. ^ri`uoe`i gh efouapheaegfti `gh `gu`ir, `gh oulh `gklrì oifstlfoel gh lorgg-

lorgg-
`ir clrlftezl`i ag`elftg olrtl fitlrelh `erece`l lh `gu`ir y lh rgprgsgftlftg y, gf su
olsi, lh oifstetuygftg, gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i pi`rì priog`gr l hl vgftl `gh begf aug
aug--
bhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel,
aibehelrel, `gspuås `g trlfsourre`is trgs `áls mìbehgs
mìbehgs `g rgoe-
rgoe-
be`l hl olrtl fitlrelh.
0. qug
behelrel _e gh`ei
begf augbhg
huclr gstuvegsg
l hl vgftl, ljgoti l crlvìagfgs
gh rgprgsgftlftg
rgprgsgftl lftgreirgsl lhlhlir`gf
ftg `gbgrì oifsecflr clrlftál ai-
ai-
`gh Kugz
Gspgoelhezl`i gf hi Oeveh, gh eapirtg titlh `g hl vgftl `gh begf augbhg `gftri `g his
trgs `áls mìbehgs secuegftgs lh oibri `gh prgoei. _e mubegsg crlvìagfgs pistgreirgs l hl
clrlftál aibehelrel qug ml `l`i huclr l hl vgftl, gh rgprgsgftlftg oifsecflrì l hl ir -
`gf `gh kugz gh slh`i `gh prgoei `g vgftl qug mubegsg `gspuås `g mlbgrsg mgomi oi-
bri gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i.
clrlftezl`i. Gh kugz priog`grì
priog`grì oif lrrgchi lh Oÿ`eci
Oÿ`eci ^riogslh Oeveh.
7. Gf fefcûf olsi pi`rì suspgf`grsg hl vgftl `gh begf augbhg ljgoti gf clrlf- clrlf-
tál aibehelrel, slhvi qug gh `gu`ir olfoghg gh áftgcri `g hl `gu`l. Oulhquegr oiftri-
vgrsel rgspgoti `gh aifti i `g hl gxtgfseÿf `g lhcufi `g his crlvìagfgs, sgrì rgsughtl
pir gh Kugz Gspgoelhezl`i gf hi Oeveh, gf hl vál sualráseal,
sualráseal, oifjirag lh Oÿ`eci ^ri-
ogslh Oeveh, sef suspgf`grsg hl vgftl `gh begf augbhg ljgoti gf clrlftál aibehelrel,
blki rgspifslbehe`l`.
:. _e trlfsourregrlf sgsgftl `áls `gs`g hl rgaeseÿf `g hl olrtl fitlrelh lh `gu`ir
y, gf su olsi lh oifstetuygftg y lh rgprgsgftlftg y gh begf augbhg fi mubegsg se`i vgf-
`e`i, gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i pi`rì siheoetlr su gkgouoeÿf ku`eoelh oifjirag lh Oÿ`eci
^riogslh Oeveh. Hls plrtgs pi`rìf oifvgfer uf phlzi `estefti.
3. Gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i gs oeveh y pgflhagftg rgspifslbhg `g hl gxestgfoel,
gxecebehe`l` y oulftál `g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l lh tegapi `g hl vgftl `gh begf aug-
bhg crlvl`i. Gh rgprgsgftlftg gs oevehagftg rgspifslbhg pir gh ouapheaegfti `g hls
oif`eoeifgs plotl`ls plrl hl vgftl. Gf ti`i olsi, gh rgprgsgftlftg `gbgrì lotulr oif
`ehecgfoel y bugfl jg.
Hls plrtgs pi`rìf plotlr hl jiral `g gkgouoeÿf `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel, pgri
`gbgrìf ibsgrvlr fgogslrelagftg hls `espiseoeifgs gstlbhgoe`ls gf his efoesis 2 y 0
`gh prgsgftg lrtáouhi.

rìf hlsrltìf`isg
rgchls qug `g ufl clrlftál
lftgog`gf aibehelrel
gf oulfti jugrgfoifstetue`l
lpheolbhgs.sibrg `efgri i orå`etis, rgce-
rgce-
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 0=.
0=.- Lrbet
rbetrlkg
rlkg
Hls oiftrivgrsels qug pu`egrlf surcer `urlftg hl gkgouoeÿf `gh begf augbhg ljgo-
tl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel, pi`rìf sgr siagte`ls l lrbetrlkg, oifjirag l hl hgy `g hl
altgrel.
Lrtáouhi ai`eol`i, l plrter `gh ></>5/2>>=, pir hl oulrtl `espiseoeÿf
ai`eoltirel `gh @gorgti Hgceshltevi F» <>3< pubheol`i gh 2=/>:/2>>=.
Lr táouhi 05.
Lrtáouhi 05.- Zgftl gf gh olsi
olsi `g clrlftáls
clrl ftáls aibehelrels suogsev
suogsevls
ls
Oulf`i mubegrg clrlftáls aibehelrels suogsevls sibrg gh aesai begf augbhg, hl
vgftl l efstlfoels `gh sgcuf`i i uhtgreirgs lorgg`irgs `gbgrì sgr gjgotul`l pir gh rg-
rg-
prgsgftlftg oirrgspif`egftg l hl clrlftál aibehelrel
aibehelrel qug ioupg gh preagr rlfci, gf hl

225
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

jiral y gf gh vlhir prgvestis gf gh loti oifstetutevi `g hl rgjgre`l clrlftál aibehelrel

`g preagr rlfci. Gh phlzi plrl hl vgftl sgrì `g 5> `áls, se fi sg rglhezl plslrì suogse-
suogse-
vlagftg y pir gh aesai phlzi l efstlfoels `gh sgcuf`i i uhtgreirgs lorgg`irgs.
Lrtáouhi 7>.- Rgs
Rgspifslbe
pifslbehehe`l`
`l` `gh pis
pisgg
gg`ir
`ir `gh beg
begff augbhg
Gf hl clrlftál aibehelrel l qug sg rggrg gstl Hgy,
Hgy, gh pisgg`ir `gh begf augbhg
ljgotl`i gf clrlftál gs rgspifslbhg oeveh y pgflhagftg, oif hl olhe`l` `g `gpisetlrei,
`g hl ousti`el y gftrgcl efag`eltl `gh begf augbhg l quegf oirrgspif`l.
Lrtáouhi 7<.- Jir
Jiral
al `g tialr pisg
pisgse
seÿf
ÿf `gh begf augbhg ljgo
ljgoti
ti gf
gf clrlft
clr lftál
ál
aibehelrel
Hls plrtgs pi`rìf rgcuhlr ag`elftg ploti hl jiral `g tialr pisgseÿf `gh begf
augbhg ljgoti gf clrlftál aibehelrel.
L jlhtl `g ploti, gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i i gh l`quergftg `g hl pripeg`l` `gh begf
augbhg ljgoti gf clrlftál aibehelrel pug`gf lsuaer `ergotlagftg hl pisgseÿf `g gstg
ûhteai, lbstgfeåf`isg `g hls váls `g mgomi fi kusteol`ls pir hls oeroufstlfoels. ^lrl
hl tial `g pisgseÿf sg rgquegrg, blki rgspifslbehe`l` oeveh y pgflh, hl ogrteoloeÿf fi-
fi -
tlrelh `gh loti gf hl qug sg `gkg gxprgsl oifstlfoel `gh gstl`i y olrlotgrásteols prefoe-
plhgs `gh begf augbhg ljgoti gf clrlftál aibehelrel, lsá oiai hl fiteoloeÿf fitlrelh
lh `gu`ir
rlftál y, gf su `gftri
aibehelrel, olsi, lh`goifstetuygftg
his `is `áls ymìbehgs
lh `gpisetlrei `gh begf augbhg ljgoti gf cl-
secuegftgs.
Gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i i gh l`quergftg pi`rìf, lhtgrfltevlagftg, siheoetlr lh
Kugz Gspgoelhezl`i gf hi Oeveh, pir hl vál sualráseal, uf rgqugreaegfti ku`eoelh `g ef-
olutloeÿf `gh begf augbhg ljgoti gf clrlftál aibehelrel.
Gh kugz fi oirrgrì trlshl`i lh `gu`ir `gh pg`e`i `g rgqugreaegfti y, l`gaìs,
qug`l primebe`i, blki rgspifslbehe`l`, `g l`aeter rgoursi lhcufi qug gftirpgzol hl
gxpg`eoeÿf i hl gkgouoeÿf `g su alf`lti. Gh kugz gxpg`erì gh rgqugreaegfti pir gh sihi
aåreti `g hl siheoetu` `gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i y `g hl `iouagftloeÿf prgsgftl`l, pu-
`egf`i `eotlr uf lpgroebeaegfti `g gaphgi `g hl jugrzl pûbheol.
Gh rgqugreaegfti ku`eoelh sgrì fiteol`i ag`elftg ioei l hl lutire`l` piheoelh
`gh huclr y `espif`rì hl gftrgcl efag`eltl `gh begf augbhg ljgoti gf clrlftál aibehel-
aibehel-
rel lh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i i lh l`quergftg.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 72.
72.- Efolutlo
Efolutloeÿ eÿff
Hl lutire`l` piheoelh gfolrcl`l `g gkgoutlr gh rgqugreaegfti ku`eoelh l qug sg rg-
grg gh lrtáouhi lftgreir `gbgrì hhgvlr l olbi hl efolutloeÿf `gftri `g hls 0= mirls `g
rgoebe`i `eomi rgqugreaegfti, blki rgspifslbehe`l` `g hl rgjgre`l lutire`l`. Gh begf
augbhg ljgoti gf clrlftál aibehelrel efolutl`i sgrì gftrgcl`i `g efag`elti lh rgprg- rgprg-
sgftlftg gfolrcl`i `g hl vgftl `gh begf augbhg i, gf su `gjgoti, lh lorgg`ir clrlfte-
zl`i. Gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i `gbgrì mlogr his lrrgchis fgogslreis plrl gh trlfspirtg
y ousti`el `gh begf augbhg. Gs rgspifslbhg `g su oifsgrvloeÿf.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 7?.
7?.- L`ku`eoloe
L`ku`eoloeÿf ÿf `gh begf
begf pir
p ir gh lorgg`ir
7?.< Gs vìhe`i qug hls plrtgs lougr`gf qug gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i pug`l l`ku- l`ku -
`eolrsg hl pripeg`l` `gh begf augbhg ljgoti gf clrlftál aibehelrel. ^lrl hl vlhe`gz `gh

2?>
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

ploti sg rgquegrg, blki slfoeÿf `g fuhe`l`, efohuer gh vlhir `gh begf augbhg ljgoti gf
clrlftál aibehelrel loir`l`i pir hls plrtgs y, l`gaìs itirclrsg gh pi`gr l qug sg rg -
grg gh fuagrlh 7?.: `g gstg lrtáouhi.
7?.2 ^ri`uoe`i gh efouapheaegfti, gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i qug `gsgg l`ku`e-
l`ku`e-
olrsg gh begf augbhg ljgoti gf clrlftál aibehelrel `gbgrì oiaufeolr fitlrelhagftg lh
`gu`ir
`g sgr ghy olsi,
lh rgprgsgftlftg l qug ysglhrggrg
lh oifstetuygftg gh fuagrlh
`gpisetlrei, 7?.: `gtlhhl`i
gh aifti `g gstg lrtáouhi, lsá oiai,
`g hl ibhecloeÿf
clrlftezl`l fi plcl`l y gh vlhir `gh begf augbhg ljgoti gf clrlftál aibehelrel loir-
`l`i pir hls plrtgs.
7?.? _e gh vlhir `gh begf augbhg ljgoti gf clrlftál aibehelrel jugrl agfir qug gh
aifti `g hl `gu`l, gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i pi`rì gxecer gh slh`i ag`elftg hl gaeseÿf
`g uf tátuhi oif aåreti gkgoutevi i gf hl vál `gh priogsi `g gkgouoeÿf.
7?.0 _e gh vlhir `gh begf augbhg ljgoti gf clrlftál aibehelrel jugrg alyir qug
gh aifti `g hl `gu`l, gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i `gbgrì plclr hl `ejgrgfoel lh rgprgsgf-
rgprgsgf -
tlftg l qug sg rggrg gh fuagrlh 7?.: `g gstg lrtáouhi, `gftri `g uf phlzi `g `egz `áls
`g rgoebe`l pir gh `gu`ir hl oiaufeoloeÿf agfoeifl`l gf gh fuagrlh 7?.2 `g gstg lr-
táouhi. gfoe`i
gfoe`i `eomi phlzi sef plclrsg hl `ejgrgfoel, gh `gu`ir pi`rì gxecer gf hl vál
sualráseal gh plci `g ufl auhtl fi agfir `g oefoi vgogs hl `ejgrgfoel, aìs eftgrgsgs
y clstis. i`i
i`i ploti qug kg uf aifti efjgreir, gs fuhi.
7?.7 Oulf`i gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i prgtgf`l l`ku`eolrsg gh begf augbhg ljgo ljgo--
ti gf clrlftál aibehelrel `g oifjirae`l` oif gstg lrtáouhi, `eomi lorgg`ir clrlftezl-
`i `gbgrì olfoghlr i plclr gh orå`eti `g his lorgg`irgs clrlftezl`is qug hi prgog`gf
gf gh rlfci i oifsecflr su eapirtg lh Kugz.
_e mubegsg crlvìagfgs pistgreirgs, his lorgg`irgs clrlftezl`is olfoghlrìf su
orå`eti oif olrci l hl `ejgrgfoel prgvestl gf gh fuagrlh 7?.0 `g gstg lrtáouhi. ^lrl gstg
gjgoti gh rgprgsgftlftg l qug sg rggrg gh fuagrlh 7?.: ouapherì oif oifsecflr ku`e- ku`e -
oelhagftg gh aifti l qug sg rggrg gh fuagrlh 7?.0 `g gstg lrtáouhi.
7?.: Lh aiagfti `g plotlrsg hl pisebehe`l` `g l`ku`eoloeÿf `gh begf augbhg
ljgoti gf clrlftál aibehelrel, hls plrtgs `gbgrìf itirclr pi`gr gspgoáoi g errgviol-
errgviol -
bhg l uf rgprgsgftlftg oiaûf
oiaûf plrl qug gf olsi `g efouapheaegfti priog`l l susoreber
hl `iouagftloeÿf
aibehelrel. fgogslrel
Gf fefcûf olsi ghplrl hl trlfsjgrgfoel
rgprgsgftlftg pi`rì `gh begf
sgr gh augbhg
pripei ljgoticlrlftezl`i.
lorgg`ir gf clrlftál
Gh pi`gr oifstlrì gf gh jirauhlrei `g efsorepoeÿf y sg efsoreberì oifkuftlagftg oif gh
ploti. ^lrl gstis gjgotis fi rgsuhtl lpheolbhg gh sgcuf`i pìrrlji `gh lrtáouhi <7? `gh
Oÿ`eci Oeveh. Gs rgqueseti `g vlhe`gz plrl gjgotis `g trlfsjgrer hl pripeg`l` `gh begf
augbhg crlvl`i l jlvir `gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i, qug åstg plcug lh rgprgsgftlftg hl
`ejgrgfoel `g vlhir i hl auhtl prgvestis gf gh fuagrlh 7?.0 qug lftgog`g.
7?.3 Gh rgprgsgftlftg gxpg`erì ufl oifstlfoel `g l`ku`eoloeÿf plrl his gjgotis
trebutlreis oirrgspif`egftgs.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 70.
70.- Clr lftál aibehelrel
aibehelrel sibrg tátuhis
tátuhis vlhirgs
vlhirgs
Gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i qug mubegsg rgoebe`i tátuhis vlhirgs gf clrlftál aibe-
helrel, qug`l subricl`i gf his `grgomis `gh `gu`ir plrl prloteolr ti`is his lotis qug

2?<
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

sglf fgogslreis plrl oifsgrvlr hl goloel `gh tátuhi y his `grgomis `g su `gu`ir, lsá
oiai plrl su oibri i hl gflkgfloeÿf gf olsi `g efouapheaegfti.
Gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i rgspif`grì `g oulhquegr iaeseÿf qug pu`egrl ljgotlr lh
tátuhi.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 77.
77.- Clr lftál aibehe
aibehelr
lr el sibrg
sibrg or
or å`e
å`etis
tis
Lftg gh efouapheaegfti `gh `gu`ir, gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i oif ufl clrlftál
aibehelrel sibrg orå`etis prgsgftgs i juturis, sg gfougftrl jlouhtl`i plrl l`querer his
orå`etis i trlfsjgrerhis l uf tgrogri `g lougr`i l hls firals qug recgf hl vgftl `gh begf
augbhg ljgoti gf clrlftál aibehelrel oiftgfe`ls gf gstg Pátuhi, qug rgsuhtgf lpheol-
bhgs. Gh l`quergftg tgf`rì
tgf`rì his aesais `grgomis
`grgomis qug gh lorgg`ir
lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i.
Gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i `gbgrì fiteolr l oulhquegr itri lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i y
`gbgrì `estrebuer his jif`is pgroebe`is `g oifjirae`l` oif hls `espiseoeifgs `g gstg
Pátuhi `g hl Hgy.

PÁPWHI EZ
OL^ÁPWHI ÛFEOI
@GRGOMI EFPGRFLOEIFLH ^REZL@I
Lr táouhi 7:.
Lrtáouhi 7:.- Rgch
Rgchls
ls lpheolbhgs
lpheolbhgs
Hl vlhe`gz, oifstetuoeÿf, crl`uloeÿf `g prghloeÿf, ipifebehe`l` y gkgouoeÿf `g
ufl clrlftál aibehelrel i loti efsorebebhg `gftri `gh olapi `g lpheoloeÿf `g gstl Hgy,
sg recg pir his prefoepeis oiftgfe`is gf gh Hebri ] `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh.

PÁPWHI Z
OL^ÁPWHI E
@E_^I_EOEIFG_ JEFLHG_
^REAGRL.- Zec ecgfoe
gfoell `g hl Hgy
Hl prgsgftg Hgy gftrlrì gf vecgfoel l his fivgftl `áls `g su pubheoloeÿf gf gh
@elrei oelh Gh ^grulfi.
_GCWF@L.- Lphe Lpheoloe
oloeÿf
ÿf `g hl Hgy
\ug`lf siagte`ls l hl prgsgftg Hgy, l plrter `g hl vecgfoel `g åstl, ti`ls hls cl-
rlftáls qug sg oifstetuylf sibrg begfgs augbhgs sef gxogpoeÿf. \ug`lf tlabeåf sukg-
tls l gstl Hgy, his lotis efsorebebhgs sglhl`is gf gh efoesi ? `gh lrtáouhi ?2.
PGROGRL.- Rgjg Rgjgrgfoel
rgfoel l itrls
itrl s hgy
hgygs
gs
Oulf`i gf itrls `espiseoeifgs hgclhgs sg mlcl rgjgrgfoel l hls firals sibrg
prgf`l oeveh, prgf`l oiagroelh, prgf`l `g looeifgs, prgf`l `g orå`etis, prgf`l lcrl-
rel, prgf`l ef`ustrelh, prgf`l aefgrl, prgf`l chiblh y itlftg, prgf`l `g aitirgs `g
lgriflvgs, prgf`l `g alrols, pltgftgs y `gaìs `grgomis `g lfìhicl flturlhgzl, prgf-prgf-
`l vgmeouhlr, mepitgol sibrg flvgs, mepitgol sibrg lveifgs, mepitgol `g gablroloeifgs

2?2
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

pgsqugrls, mepitgol aefgrl,

aefgrl, Rgcestri Jesolh `g Zgftls
Zgftls l ^hlzis y l itrls seaehlrgs, sg
gftgf`grìf rgjgre`ls l hl clrlftál aibehelrel rgcuhl`l pir hl prgsgftg Hgy
Hgy..
OWLRPL.- _lfg _lfglaeg
laegfti
fti `gh
`gh trloti eftgrr
eftgrr uape`i
Hl _WFLR^ qug`l jlouhtl`l plrl `eotlr hls firals fgogslrels plrl slfglr gh
trloti eftgrruape`i gf his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g Begfgs.
\WEFPL.-
\WEFP L.- Ai`eoloeifgs l hl Hgy F» 2:?::
Ai`ejáolfsg his efoesis o) y `) `gh lrtáouhi 2 `g hl Hgy F» 2:?:: qug orgl gh _es-
_es-
tgal Floeiflh y hl _upgreftgf`gfoel `g his Rgcestris ^ûbheois, his aesais qug qug-
`lrìf rg`lotl`is gf his secuegftgs tåraefis;
‘Lrtáouhi 2.- Gh _estgal Floeiflh `g his Rgcestris ^ûbheois vefouhl gf hi kurá-
`eoi rgcestrlh l his Rgcestris `g ti`is his _gotirgs ^ûbheois y gstì oifjiral`i pir his
secuegftgs Rgcestris;
(...)
o) Rgcestri `g ^ripeg`l` Efaugbhg, qug oiaprgf`g his secuegftgs rgcestris;
- Rgc
e st
strri `g ^r
^rg`
g`ei
eis4
s4
- Rgc
e str
stri
i `g Oif
Oifogs
ogseif
eifgs
gs lpr l hl gxp
h itloeÿ
f `g _
g rve
veooei
eiss ^û
^û
h eois4
b
- Rgc
e str
stri
i `g @gr
@grgomi
gomiss Aefgr
Aefgris4
is4
`) Gh Rgcestri `g egfgs Augbhgs, qug ufeol his secuegftgs rgcestris; gh Rg-
Rg -
cestri `g Begfgs Augbhgs, gh Rgcestri `g ^ripeg`l` Zgmeouhlr, gh Rgcestri `g Flvgs
y Lgriflvgs,
Lgriflvgs, gh Rgcestri `g Gablroloeifgs ^gsqugrls y Buqugs, y gh Rgcestri Aibe-
helrei `g Oiftrltis4
(...)‑
_G]PL.-
_G]P L.- Itrls `gricltirels y ai`eoloeifgs
\ug`lf `gricl`is his lrtáouhis <>77 lh <>5> efohusevg `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh4 his
efoesis 0, : y 5 `gh lrtáouhi ==7 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh gh lrtáouhi <2<3 `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh
his lrtáouhis ?<7, ?<: y ?<5 `gh Oÿ`eci `g Oiagroei his lrtáouhis <3= lh <=? efohu-
efohu-
sevg `gh Pgxti
Pgxti Ûfeoi Ir`gfl`i `g hl Hgy Cgfgrlh `g Aefgrál lpribl`i pir @gorg-
ti _uprgai
gfgrlh F» ><0-52-GA
`g f`ustrels hl HgyhisF»lrtáouhis
20>2, Hgy=2 lh
`g =3 efohusevg
^rgf`l `g hl Hgy
Lcráoihl F» 2?0>3,
gh efoesi <2 `ghHgy
lr-
táouhi <?2, gh efoesi < `gh oulrti pìrrlji `gh lrtáouhi <7= y gh lrtáouhi 2?< `g hl Hgy
F» 2:3>2,
2:3> 2, Hgy gfgrlh `gh _estgal
_es tgal eflfoegri
e flfoegri y `gh _estgal `g _gcuris
_gcur is y rcìfe
 rcìfe--
ol `g hl _upgreftgf`gfoel `g lfol y _gcuris Hgy F» :7:7, Hgy `gh Rgcestri es- es-
olh `g gftls
gftls l ^hlzis plrl Heal, Olhhli y lhfglreis Hgy F» :=03, Hgy Laphelti-Laphelti-
rel `g hl Hgy F» :7:7 Hgy F» 20<<, Hgy `g hl epitgol Flvlh gh lrtáouhi 00 efoe -
si o y his lrtáouhis 05 lh 7? `g hl Hgy F» 232:<, Hgy `g Lgrifìuteol Oeveh `gh ^grû
Hgy F» 23:=2, qug ai`eol gh lrtáouhi <32 `g hl Hgy F» 2:3>2 Hgy F» 23=7<, Hgy
qug ai`eol hl Hgy F» 23:=2 hls `espiseoeifgs hgclhgs y rgchlagftlrels rgjgrgf- rgjgrgf -
tgs l hl prgf`l `g looeifgs, lsá oiai ti`ls hls hgygs y `gaìs `espiseoeifgs qug sg
ipifclf l hl prgsgftg Hgy.

2??
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

OL^ÁPWHI EE
@E_^I_EOEIFG_ PRLF_EPIR
PRLF_EPIREL_
EL_
^REAGRL.- Jlouhtl`g
Jlouhtl`gss Rgch
Rgchlagftlr
lagftlr els
Hl _WFLR^ lpriblrì, `gftri `g his sgsgftl `áls `g pubheol`l hl prgsgftg Hgy,
hls `espiseoeifgs
Aibehelrei rgchlagftlrels
`g Oiftrltis, lsá oiaiplrl
hishljirauhlreis
irclfezloeÿf y jufoeiflaegfti
`g efsorepoeÿf `ghsg
l his qug Rgcestri
rggrg
gh lrtáouhi ?0 `g hl prgsgftg Hgy. Lseaesai, qug`l lutirezl`l plrl rgcuhlr ti`ls hls
altgrels l`aefestrltevls y tåofeols rghltevls l hl efsorepoeÿf `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel
l qug sg rggrg hl prgsgftg Hgy, lsá oiai oulhquegr itrl altgrel qug rgsuhtg fgogslrel
plrl gh ouapheaegfti `g hls `espiseoeifgs `g hl prgsgftg Hgy Hgy.
_GCWF@L.- Oifeoti `g hgygs
Gf gh supugsti qug hhgclrl l gxester uf oifeoti `g prgf`ls, ufl oifstetue`l lh
laplri `g hl prgsgftg Hgy y itrl `grevl`l `g hl gaeseÿf y gf`isi `g Slrrlfts y Ogr-
teol`is `g @gpÿseti, prealrì gstl ûhteal, pir gfoiftrlrsg hls oisls altgrel `g hl cl-cl-
rlftál gf pisgseÿf `g uf Lhaloåf Cgfgrlh `g @gpÿseti.
PGROGRL.- @g hi hiss Rgces
Rgcestr
tr is `g ^r gf`l gxe stg
tgft
ftggs

`g hlsWfl vgz lpribl`l

prgf`ls hl yl
gspgoelhgs prgsgftg Hgy, hl
Hgy,
gxestgftgs lh _WFLR^ `espif`rì gh`gtrlshl`i
Rgcestri Aibehelrei ghgotrÿfeoi
Oiftrltis. @eomls
prgf`ls oifsgrvlrìf phgflagftg su vlhe`gz y goloel, gf his aesais tåraefis ag ag--
`elftg his oulhgs jugrif oifstetue`ls. Hl efsorepoeÿf `g ai`eoloeifgs i lapheloei-
lapheloei-
fgs `g gstls clrlftáls sg gjgotulrì oifjirag l hi prgvesti gf hl prgsgftg Hgy.
OWLRPL.- Jlouhtl`
Jlouhtl`gsgs `g eaphgagftloeÿ
eaphgagftloeÿff
Hl _WFLR^ `espif`rì hls ag`e`ls fgogslrels plrl hl eaphgagftloeÿf `gh Rg- Rg-
cestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis `gftri `gh phlzi prgvesti gf hl ^reagrl @espiseoeÿf Je-
flh `g hl prgsgftg Hgy.
Lseaesai, hl _WFLR^,
_WFLR^, gf uf phlzi `g uf (<) li oiftl`i l plrter `g hl vecgf- vecgf-
oel `g hl prgsgftg Hgy, pif`rì gf jufoeiflaegfti gh _estgal ftgcrl`i `g lrlftáls
y Oiftrltis, oiftlf`i plrl ghhi oif rgoursis privgfegftgs `g hl Oiipgrloeÿf Påofeol
Eftgrfloeiflh i oif Rgoursis Ir`eflreis.
\WEFPL.- Råce
Råceagf
agf `g tlsls rgcestr
rgcestrlhgs
lhgs
Hl _WFLR^ pripif`rì, `gftri `g his fivgftl `áls `g pubheol`l hl prgsgftg Hgy,
hl fugvl gstruoturl `g tlsls lpheolbhg lh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis y lh _estgal
Eftgcrl`i `g Clrlftáls y Oiftrltis, lsá oiai hl l`gouloeÿf `g hls tlsls rgcestrlhgs gf
his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g Begfgs4 `g oifjirae`l` oif hi `espugsti gf gh lrtáouhi 0:.
Gstlbhåogsg hl eftlfcebehe`l` `g hls tlsls rgcestrlhgs, hls qug sÿhi pug`gf sgr `gs-
tefl`ls lh flfoelaegfti `gh _estgal Rgcestrlh, oiaprgf`eåf`isg `gftri `g ghhi, hl
cgsteÿf, gxplfseÿf l`aefestrltevl, ai`grfezloeÿf y lotulhezloeÿf tgofihÿceol y tåo-
feol `g sus rgoursis.

2?0
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

_G]PL.- Ai`eoloeÿf `g efstruagftis `g cgsteÿf `g hl _WFLR^

_G]PL.-
Hl _WFLR^ pi`rì ai`eolr sus efstruagftis `g cgsteÿf qug rgsuhtgf fgogsl-
fgogsl -
reis plrl hl lpheoloeÿf `g hl prgsgftg Hgy.
_ÅPEAL.- G if xi f grloe
grloeÿf
ÿf `g ag`e
ag`e`ls
`ls `g lustg
lustgrr e`l`
Gxifårlsg l hl _upgreftgf`gfoel Floeiflh `g his Rgcestris ^ûbheois `g hls ag-
`e`ls `g lustgre`l` oiaprgf`e`ls gf hl Hgy `gh ^rgsupugsti `gh _gotir ^ûbheoi plrl
gh Li esolh 2>>: oif hl flhe`l` `g pgraeter hl eaphgagftloeÿf titlh `g hl prgsgf-
prgsgf -
tg Hgy
Hg y.
Pgxti sgcûf jg `g grrltls pubheol`l gh >3/>?/2>>:.
Oiaufáqugsg lh sgir ^rgse`gftg `g hl Rgpûbheol plrl su priauhcloeÿf.
Gf Heal, l his `egz `áls `gh ags `g jgbrgri `g `is aeh sges.
ALROELH
ALROE LH LULE^
LULE^IAL
IAL LHZLRL@
LHZLRL@I I
^rgse`gftg `gh Oifcrgsi `g hl Rgpûbheol
CEHBGRPI @ÁL[ ^GRLHPL
_gcuf`i Zeogprgse`gftg `gh
Oifcrgsi `g hl Rgpûbheol
LH _GÜIR ^RG_E@GFPG OIF_PEPWOEIFLH @G HL RG^ÛBHEOL
^IR PLFPI;
Alf`i
@l`i gfsghlpubhequg
Olsl `g yibegrfi,
ouaphl. gf Heal, l his vgefteoultri `áls `gh ags `g jgbrgri `gh li
`is aeh sges.
LHGKLF@RI PIHG@I
^rgse`gftg Oifstetuoeiflh `g hl Rgpûbheol
^G@RI ^LBHI DWO[UF_DE CI@LR@
^rgse`gftg `gh Oifsgki `g Aefestris

2?7
 RGC
RGCHLAGFPI
HLAGFPI
AIBEHELREI
AIBEH @GOIFPRL
@G
ELREI @G OEF_
EIFPRLPI_
F_ORE
ORE^OEI
^OEIFG_
PI_ UFG_
_W @GH
_W RGCE_PRI
RGC E_PRI
ZEFOWHLOEßF
ZEFOWHLOEß F
OIF HI_ RGCE_PRI_
RGCE_PRI _ WK RÁ
RÁ@
@EO
EOI_
I_
@G BEGFG_ AWGBHG
AWGBHG_ _
RG_IHWOEßF F¾ <02-2>>:- _WFLR ^ /_F
(2:/>7/ 2:)
>:)
Heal, 27 `g alyi `g 2>>:
ZE_PI;
Gh fjirag F¾ >>2-2>>:-_WFLR^/_L `g jgoml <2 `g alyi `g 2>>:
OIF_E@GRLF@I;
ug, ag`elftg Hgy F¾ 2:?::, sg orgl gh _estgal Floeiflh `g his Rgcestris ^û- ^û-
bheois - _EFLR^ y hl _upgreftgf`gfoel Floeiflh `g his Rgcestris ^ûbheois - _W-
FLR^,, oiai irclfesai `gsogftrlhezl`i lutÿfiai `gh _gotir Kusteoel y gftg rgotir
FLR^ r gotir
`gh _estgal Floeiflh `g his Rgcestris ^ûbheois, gh qug vefouhl gf hi kurá`eoi rgcestrlh
l his Rgcestris `g ti`is his sgotirgs pûbheois4
ug, ag`elftg Hgy F¾ 2=:33 sg gxpe`eÿ hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel, ouyi
ìabeti `g lpheoloeÿf tegfg pir ibkgti rgcuhlr hl clrlftál aibehelrel plrl lsgcurlr ibhe-
ibhe-
cloeifgs `g ti`l flturlhgzl, prgsgftgs i juturls, `gtgraefl`ls i `gtgraeflbhgs, sukg-
tls i fi l ai`lhe`l`4
\ug, hl oetl`l firal orgl gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis, oifjiralftg
`gh Rgcestri `g Begfgs Augbhgs y l olrci `g his ßrclfis @gsoifogftrl`is `g hl _W-
FLR^,, gf gh oulh sg efsoreberìf hls clrlftáls
FLR^ clrlftáls aibehelrels y `gaìs lotis prgvestis
prgvestis gf hl
agfoeifl`l hgy, qugKurá`eois
hgy,
fi `g his Rgcestris ljgotgf igxestgftgs
rgoleclf plrl
sibrg`eoml
begfgs augbhgs
ohlsg fi rgcestrl`is gf lhcu-
`g begfgs4
ug, sef pgrkueoei `g hi sglhl`i gf gh pìrrlji lftgreir, gf his Rgcestris Kurá`e-
Kurá`e -
ois `g egfgs oifjiralftgs `gh Rgcestri `g egfgs Augbhgs, tlabeåf sg efsoreberìf
hls clrlftáls aibehelrels y his `gaìs lotis prgvestis gf hl agfoeifl`l hgy,hgy, segf`i fg-
fg-
ogslrei gjgotulr hls ai`eoloeifgs pgrtefgftgs gf `eomis rgcestris y gf his priog`e-
priog`e -
aegftis qug his efjiralf, l f `g gstlbhgogr ufl vefouhloeÿf phgfl y oimgrgftg gftrg
åstis y gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis4
\ug, `g itri hl`i, tgfegf`i gf ougftl qug oifjirag l hi prgsoreti pir gh lrtáouhi
0 `g hl Hgy F¾ 2=:33, slhvi lhcufls gxogpoeifgs, pug`gf sgr ibkgti `g hl clrlftál
aibehelrel gf cgfgrlh ti`is his begfgs augbhgs y, gstlf`i l qug lhcufis `g ghhis oi-
rrgf efsoretis gf rgcestris kurá`eois qug fi sg gfougftrlf l olrci `g hl _WFLR^, gs

2?3
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

agfgstgr rgcuhlr his agolfesais `g vefouhloeÿf efstetuoeiflh, lsá oiai lqughhis rg-
jgre`is pripelagftg l hl efsorepoeÿf y pubheoe`l` `g his lotis y/i `grgomis efsoretis
gf hls `evgrsls efstetuoeifgs4
\ug, lseaesai, hl lftgs agfoeifl`l `espiseoeÿf orgl gh _estgal Eftgcrl`i `g
Clrlftáls y Oiftrltis sibrg Begfgs Augbhgs, gstlf`i l olrci `g hl _WFLR^ gh `esg-
i
`lr`g
gh uf sestgal
phgfi `g láf`eogs,
loogsi qug pgraetl
`eomi _estgal, gjgotulr
lsá oiai hls bûsqug`ls `g
gh llfzlaegfti fgogslrels plrl bref-
`gtgraefl`is bref
ag--
ag-
olfesais `g sgcure`l` rghltevis l hl efjiraloeÿf gxestgftg4
\ug, hl ^reagrl @espiseoeÿf Prlfsetirel `g hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel, gf-
olrcl l hl _WFLR^ hl lpribloeÿf `gh Rgchlagfti plrl hl irclfezloeÿf y jufoeifl-
aegfti `gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis4 lsá oiai hl lpribloeÿf `g his Jirauhl-
reis `g efsorepoeÿf oirrgspif`egftgs4
\ug, ag`elftg Rgsihuoeÿf `g hl _upgreftgf`gfoel Floeiflh `g his Rgcestris
^ûbheois F¾ >:3-2>>:-_WFLR^/_F `gh = `g alrzi `gh li gf oursi, sg lprugbl gh
^hlf `g Eaphgagftloeÿf `g hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel, `espifegf`i gf su lr-
táouhi 2, hl oifjiraloeÿf `g uf gquepi `g trlblki, blki hl supgrveseÿf `gh _upgreftgf-
_upgreftgf-
`gftg L`kufti, qug sg gfolrcug `g hl ghlbirloeÿf `g hls `espiseoeifgs rgchlagftlrels
`gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis, lsá oiai `g his jirauhlreis fgogslreis plrl su
eaphgagftloeÿf4
\ug, ag`elftg gh `iouagfti oetl`i gf hl plrtg gxpisetevl `g hl prgsgftg rgsihu-
oeÿf, gh _upgreftgf`gftg L`kufti ghgvl gh priygoti `g Rgchlagfti y his Jirauhlreis
rgspgotevis4 prgvel prg pubheoloeÿf, gf hl oulh sg mlf rgoebe`i lpirtgs `g `evgrsls efs-
tetuoeifgs y gspgoelhestls, his oulhgs mlf se`i `gbe`lagftg gvlhul`ls4 segf`i lpribl-
`i gh tgxti `gh Rgchlagfti y his rgspgotevis jirauhlreis gf sgseÿf `gh @ergotirei `g
hl _WFLR^ F¾ 2<> `gh `ál <: `g Alyi `gh li gf oursi
Gstlf`i l hi loir`l`i y oifjirag l hi prgvesti pir hl ^reagrl @espiseoeÿf Prlf-
setirel `g hl Hgy F¾ 2=:33, lsá oiai gf usi `g hls ltrebuoeifgs oifjgre`ls pir gh he- he -
tgrlh v) `gh lrtáouhi 3 `gh Gstltuti `g hl _WFLR^,
_WFLR^, lpribl`i pir Rgsihuoeÿf _uprgal
F¾ <?7-2>>2-KW_
_G RG_WGHZG;
Lrtáouhi <.- Lpriblr gh Rgchlagfti `g Efsorepoeifgs `gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei
`g Oiftrltis y su vefouhloeÿf oif his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g Begfgs Augbhgs, gh aes-
ai qug oifstl `g segtg tátuhis, trgog olpátuhis, oegfti ifog lrtáouhis, `is `espiseoei-
fgs oiaphgagftlrels flhgs y segtg oiaphgagftlrels trlfsetirels, lsá oiai his ir-
auhlreis `g Olfoghloeÿf `g Clrlftáls Aibehelrels y itris Lotis, `g Clrlftáls Aibe-
helrels y Lfgxis y `g Itris Lotis, his oulhgs jiralf plrtg `g hl
h l prgsgftg rgsihuoeÿf.
Lrtáouhi 2.- @griclr l plrter `g hl vecgfoel `gh agfoeifl`i Rgchlagfti, ti-
`ls lqughhls `espiseoeifgs qug sg ipifclf l hi `espugsti pir hl prgsgftg Rgsihuoeÿf.
Lrtáouhi ?.- Gh oetl`i Rgchlagfti gftrlrì gf vecgfoel l plrter `gh ?> `g alyi
`g 2>>:.

2?=
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Lrtáouhi 0.- Jgheoetlr pir hl hlbir rglhezl`l l his aegabris `gh Crupi `g Prl-
blki qug tuvegrif l su olrci hl ghlbirloeÿf `gh ^riygoti `g `espiseoeifgs rgchlagf-
tlrels qug sg lprugbl l trlvås `g hl prgsgftg Rgsihuoeÿf, eftgcrl`l pir hls secuegftgs
pgrsifls;
- @r. Clstÿf Olstehhi @ghcl`i, Cgrgftg Rgcestrlh `g hl _g`g Ogftrlh `g hl _W-
FLR^, quegf hl prgse`eÿ.
FLR^,
- @rl. Rislrei Cugrrl Alog`i, Ziolh `gh Prebuflh Rgcestrlh `g hl _WFLR^4
- @r. Alroi Bgogrrl _islyl, Cgrgftg Rgcestrlh `g hl [ifl Rgcestrlh F¾ ]E -
_g`g Eol4
- @r. Alroi ^loirl Blzlhlr, Cgrgftg `gh Rgcestri `g Begfgs Augbhgs `g hl [ifl
Rgcestrlh F¾ E] -_g`g Heal4
- @r. Olrhis Cÿagz Lflyl,
Lflyl, Rgcestrl`ir `g hl [ifl Rgcestrlh F¾ E] - _g`g Heal4
- @rl. Aerela Ri`recugz uecl, Rgcestrl`irl `gh Rgcestri `g egfgs Augbhgs
`g hl [ifl Rgcestrlh F¾ E] - _g`g Heal4
H eal4
- @rl. Hehelf Ihevgr ^lhiaefi, lbicl`l `g hl Cgrgfoel Rgcestrlh `g hl _g`g
Ogftrlh4
- @r. Alx ^lfly Ouyl, lbicl`i (g) `g hl Cgrgfoel Rgcestrlh `g hl [ifl Rgcestrlh
F¾ E] - _g`g Heal.
Rgcástrgsg, oiaufáqugsg y pubháqugsg.
^EHLR JRGEPL_ L.
_upgreftgf`gftg Floeiflh
`g his Rgcestris ^ûbheois

RGCHLAGFPI @G EF_E F_ORE^OEI

ORE^OEIFG_
FG_ @GH
@GH RGCE _PRI
AIBEHE LREI @G OIFPRL
OIFPR LPI_ U _W
_W ZEFOWHLOEßF
ZEFOWHLOEßF OIF
OI F
HI_ RGCE_PRI_ KW RÁ@EOI_ @G BEGF
BEGFG_
G_ AWGBHG_
AWGBHG_
PÁPWHI E
@E_^I_EOEIFG_ CGFGRLHG_
Lrtáouhi <.- Ibk
Ibkggti
Hls prgsgftgs `espiseoeifgs tegfgf oiai ibkgti rgcuhlr his lotis y gh priog-
`eaegfti `g efsorepoeÿf gf gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis, gf his Rgcestris Kurá-
`eois `g Begfgs l olrci `g hl _uflrp, y hl vefouhloeÿf gftrg labis rgcestris4 lsá oiai
gh loogsi pûbheoi l hl efjiraloeÿf `gh _estgal Eftgcrl`i `g Clrlftáls y Oiftrltis.
Lrtáouhi 2.- Ìabeti `g lpheo
lpheoloeÿ
loeÿff
Gh prgsgftg Rgchlagfti sg lpheol l ti`l clrlftál aibehelrel, loti i oiftrlti qug
ljgotg uf begf augbhg rgcestrl`i i fi rgcestrl`i, slhvi lqughhis qug gxprgslagftg sg
gxohuylf.

2?5
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

_if `g lpheoloeÿf suphgtirel, gf oulfti fi sg ipifclf l gstg Rgchlagfti, hls

`espiseoeifgs `gh Pgxti Ûfeoi Ir`gfl`i `gh Rgchlagfti Cgfgrlh `g his Rgcestris
^ûbheois.
Lrtáouhi ?.- @g@ghh rgcestri
rgcestri floeiflh
Gh RAO gs ûfeoi y `g ìabeti floeiflh. iral plrtg `gh Rgcestri `g egfgs
Augbhgs l olrci `g hl _uflrp y sg gfougftrl sukgti l hls clrlftáls `gh _estgal Floei-
flh `g his Rgcestris ^ûbheois.
Lrtáouhi 0.- Oiapgtgfoe
Oiapgtgfoell gf hl efsor
efsor epoe
epoeÿf
ÿf y gf
gf hl pubheo
pu bheoe`l`
e`l`
Hl oiapgtgfoel `gh rgcestrl`ir y `gh ogrteol`ir sibrg gh RAO gs floeiflh. ^lrl
gjgotis `g hl efsorepoeÿf i gaeseÿf `g hl pubheoe`l`, tegfgf loogsi l hl blsg `g `ltis
ogftrlhezl`l `gh _ECO.
Hl oiapgtgfoel floeiflh `gtgraefl qug lqughhl sg gxtegf`l l his Rgcestris Ku-
rá`eois `g Begfgs.
Lrtáouhi 7.- Fltur lhgzlhgzll `gh pr io
iog`eaeg
g`eaegfti
fti gf gh Rgcestri
Rgcestri Aibehelr
Aibehelr ei `g
Oiftrltis
Gh priog`eaegfti gf gh RAO gs `g flturlhgzl gspgoelh y fi oiftgfoeisl. Fi
olbg l`aeter lpgrsiflaegfti `g tgrogris. Plapioi gs l`aesebhg hl ipiseoeÿf l hl efs-
orepoeÿf i lh loogsi pûbheoi l hl blsg `g `ltis ogftrlhezl`l `gh _ECO.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi :.
:.- Gjgo
Gjgotis
tis `g hl
hl efsorepoeÿf
efsorepoeÿf gf gh Rgcestri
Rgcestri Aibehelr
Aibehelr ei `g Oiftr ltis
Hls efsorepoeifgs gf gh RAO tegfgf gjgoti `gohlrltevi. Åstls itirclf prgjgrgf-
oel y ipifebehe`l` lftg tgrogris `gs`g hl jgoml `g su efsorepoeÿf, ouyis gjgotis sg rg-
tritrlgf l hl jgoml `gh lsegfti `g prgsgftloeÿf, slhvi `espiseoeÿf gf oiftrlrei.
Lrtáouhi 3.- ^r efo
efoepe
epeis
is Rgce
Rgcestrlhgs
strlhgs
His prefoepeis rgcestrlhgs rgcuhl`is gf gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh i gf gh Pgxti Ûfeoi Ir-
`gfl`i `gh Rgchlagfti Cgfgrlh `g his Rgcestris ^ûbheois sif `g lpheoloeÿf gf his tår-
aefis qug gstg Rgchlagfti `gslrrihhl.

PÁPWHI EE
RGCE_PRI_

OL^ÁPWHI E
_E_PGAL EFPGCRL@
EFPGCR L@I
I @G CLRLF
CLRLFPÁL_
PÁL_
U OIFPRLPI_
Lrtáouhi =.- @gfeoeÿf y olrlotgrásteols
Gh _ECO ogftrlhezl y ufejiraezl hl cgfgrloeÿf, l`aefestrloeÿf, alftgfeaegfti,
lotulhezloeÿf y loogsi l hl efjiraloeÿf gxestgftg gf gh RAO y gf his Rgcestris Kurá-
`eois `g Begfgs.
_u blsg `g `ltis gs gstruoturl`l, lbhg, loogsebhg gf tegapi rglh, oiapltebhg pir
usulreis oifourrgftgs qug tegfgf fgogse`l`gs `g efjiraloeÿf `ejgrgftg y fi prg`goe-
bhg gf gh tegapi.

20>
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Lrtáouhi 5.- Lo
Loog
ogsi
si g efjir
efjir aloeÿ
aloeÿff
His usulreis `gh Rgcestri pi`rìf loog`gr lh oiftgfe`i `g hl blsg `g `ltis ogf-
ogf -
trlhezl`l `gh _O l trlvås `g hl pìcefl gb `g hl _uflrp, hl oulh hgs pgraeterì rglhe-
rglhe-
zlr ipgrloeifgs `g rgpirtg y oifsuhtls `g lougr`i oif gh fevgh `g loogsi lsecfl`i lh
usulrei, lsá oiai rglhezlr his priogsis qug gstg Rgchlagfti rgcuhl, prgvei ouaphe-
aegfti `g hls oif`eoeifgs qug sg gspgoequgf plrl tlhgs gjgotis.
OL^ÁPWHI EE
RGCE_PRI AIBEHELREI @G OIFPRL OIFPRLPI_ PI_
Lrtáouhi <>.- @gfeoeÿf
Gh RAO gstì irclfezl`i gf ufl ûfeol blsg `g `ltis ogftrlhezl`l `g lholfog fl- fl-
oeiflh, gf gh qug ibrlf hls efsorepoeifgs `g his lotis rgcuhl`is gf hl Hgy, his aesais
qug rgolgf sibrg begfgs augbhgs fi rgcestrl`is gf uf Rgcestri Kurá`eoi `g Begfgs.
Hl blsg `g `ltis `gh RAO sg irclfezl gf áf`eogs `g `ltis gstruoturl`is, segf-
`i gh oretgrei prefoeplh gh fiabrg `gh plrteoeplftg4 sef pgrkueoei qug, gh loogsi lh _ECO
pgraetl rgsuhtl`is `g `ltis irclfezl`is
irclfezl`is pir oretgreis `ejgrgftgs.
`ejgrgftgs.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi <<.
<<.- ^r efoe
efoepei
pei `g gs
gspgoe
pgoelhe`l`
lhe`l`
^ir ol`l oiftrlti `g clrlftál i loti kurá`eoi efsorebebhg gf his qug sg ljgotgf
begfgs augbhgs fi rgcestrl`is gf uf Rgcestris
Rgcestris Kurá`eoi `g egfgs, sg lbrerì gf gh RAO
RAO
ufl plrte`l rgcestrlh ef`gpgf`egftg, gf `if`g sg gxtgf`grì hl preagrl efsorepoeÿf `g
lquåhhis, lsá oiai sus ai`eoloeifgs i olfoghloeifgs.
Gh lrlfogh rgcestrlh sg lpheolrì pir ol`l oiftrlti `g clrlftál i loti kurá`eoi
efsorebebhg oif aåreti plrl lbrer ufl plrte`l rgcestrlh, lsá oiai pir ol`l oiftrlti i
loti kurá`eoi qug supifcl ufl ai`eoloeÿf `g åstis, oif ef`gpgf`gfoel `gh fûagri
`g begfgs u ipgrloeifgs qug efvihuorg.
_g pi`rì lbrer ufl plrte`l gf aåreti l ufl ag`e`l olutghlr qug ljgotg begfgs
augbhgs fi rgcestrl`is, ouyl flhe`l` sgrì itirclr prgjgrgfoel y ipifebehe`l`.
Lrtáouhi
Lrtáouhi ai`e
ai`eol
ol`i
`i pir gh lrt
lrtáou
áouhi
hi < `g
`g hl
hl Rgsi
Rgsihuo
huoeÿf
eÿf F» >52
>52-2>
-2><>-
<>-_WF
_WFLR^/
LR^/_F
_F
pubheol`l gh 23/>0/2><>.
Lr táouhi <2.
Lrtáouhi <2.- ^r eag
eagrr l efso
efsorr epo
epoeÿ
eÿff
_g lbrerì ufl plrte`l rgcestrlh oulf`i sg lfitgf i efsoreblf his secuegftgs lotis;
l) Oifstetuoeÿf y prgoifstetuoeÿf `g clrlftáls aibehelrels4
b) Ogseÿf `g `grgomis4
`grgomis4
o) Je`geoiaesi4
`) Lrrgf`laegfti4
g) Lrrgf`laegfti flfoegri
j) Hglsgblod4
c) Oiftrlti `g oifsecfloeÿf4
m) Ag`e`ls olutghlrgs4

20<
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

e) Rgsihuoeifgs ku`eoelhgs i l`aefestrltevls4

k) Oiapriaesi `g oiftrltlr4
oiftrltlr4
d) Oi
Oift
ftrl
rlti
ti `g
`g ipoe
ipoeÿf
ÿf44
h) Wsujruoti4

a) Wsi4 ylotis qug eaphequgf ljgotloeÿf `g begfgs augbhgs.

f) Itris
Fi sg efsoreberìf his lotis trlshltevis `g `iaefei, slhvi gh olsi `g `iaefei
`uoelrei.
_g gftegf`g pir ljgotloeÿf ti`i loti `g heaetloeÿf i oif`eoeÿf rgspgoti `g ufl
rghloeÿf kurá`eol sibrg gh begf augbhg.

OL^ÁPWHI EEE
RGCE_PRI_ W
K RÁ@
RÁ@EOI_
EOI_ @G BEGF
BEGFG_
G_
Lrtáouhi <?.- @gfeoeÿf
His Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g Begfgs sif gh oifkufti `g rgcestris `g begfgs aug-
bhgs yl gxestgftgs i pir orglrsg qug surtgf
surtgf phgfis gjgotis kurá`eois.
kurá`eois. _g gfougftrlf ef-
ohue`is his rgcestris kurá`eois `g begfgs l`aefestrl`is pir gfte`l`gs `esteftls l hl
_uflrp.
_g gfougftrlf gxohue`is his rgcestris prevl`is oif gjgotis kurá`eois jrgftg l
tgrogris.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi <0.
<0.- Ir clfe
clfezlo
zloeÿ
eÿff `g hl plr
pl r te`l ghgo
ghgotr
tr ÿfe
ÿfeol
ol
L plrter `g hl gftrl`l gf vecgfoel `gh prgsgftg Rgchlagfti, hls plrte`ls rgcestrlhgs
`gh Rgcestri `g hl ^ripeg`l` Zgmeouhlr,
Zgmeouhlr, Rgcestri `g Gablroloeifgs ^gsqugrls, Rgces-
tri `g uqugs, Rgcestri `g Flvgs y Rgcestri `g Lgriflvgs, sg irclfezlrìf `g hl se- se -
cuegftg alfgrl;
^ir ol`l begf sg lbrerì ufl plrte`l ghgotrÿfeol gf jufoeÿf `g his secuegftgs ru- ru-
bris i olapis gstruoturl`is,
gstruoturl`is, rgjgre`is l; l;

l)
b) Lftgog`gftgs.
@gsorepoeÿf `gh begf
begf gf his tåraefis qugqug sglhlf sus pripeis
pripeis Rgchlagftis.
o) Mestirelh `g `iaefei.
`) Olrcls, crlvìagfgs, oiftrltis qug ljgotgf gh begf y sus rgspgotevls olfoghl-
olfoghl-
oeifgs `g sgr gh olsi.
g) ^grsiflh, `if`g sg rgcestrlrìf, l`gaìs `g his lotis gstlbhgoe`is gf gh lrtáouhi
2>?> `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, gh fiabrg `gh rgprgsgftlftg y hls ai`eoloeifgs i gxtefoeifgs
`g hl rgprgsgftloeÿf prgvestls gf his lrtáouhis 03 fuagrlh < y 7? fuagrlh : `g hl Hgy
Hgy..
^ir gxogpoeÿf, hls plrteoeploeifgs sioelhgs efsoretls gf gh Rgcestri `g ^grsifls
Kurá`eols `gh Hebri `g _ioeg`l`gs pgralfgogrìf gf hl plrte`l rgcestrlh `g irecgf. Gf
oifsgougfoel, his lotis rghltevis l hls clrlftáls y itrls ljgotloeifgs sibrg plrteoepl-
oeifgs fi sg irclfezlrìf gf plrte`l rgcestrlh
r gcestrlh ef`gpgf`egftg.

202
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Lrtáouhi <7.- @g hl eftgroifg

eftgroifgxxe ÿf gf
gf his
his Rgce
Rgcestris
stris Ku r á`e
á`eoi
oiss `g Be
Begfg
gfgss `g hl
_uflrp
His Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g Begfgs l`aefestrl`is pir hl _uflrp sg gfougftrlf ef-
tgroifgotl`is. _g pug`gf gxtgf`gr his lsegftis `g efsorepoeÿf `gs`g oulhquegrl `g hls
ioefls rgcestrlhgs l fevgh floeiflh.

OL^ÁPWHI EZ
@G HL ZEFOW
ZEFOWHLOEßF
HLOEßF @GH RGCE_PRI
RGCE _PRI AIBEHELRE
A IBEHELREI
I
@G OIFPRLPI_
OIFPRLPI_ OIF HI_ RGCE_PRI_
RGCE _PRI_
KW RÁ@
RÁ@EOI_
EOI_ @G BEGF
BEGFG_
G_
Lr táouhi <:.
Lrtáouhi <:.- Efsor
Efsorepoe
epoeÿf
ÿf y tr lshl`i `g lsegftis
lsegftis
Oulf`i sg efsorebl hl efaltreouhloeÿf `g uf begf augbhg gf uf Rgcestri Kurá-
`eoi `g egfgs, sg trlshl`lrìf ti`is his lsegftis efsoretis gf gh RAO qug sg vefouhgf
oif gh begf altgrel `g efsorepoeÿf, priog`eåf`isg l ogrrlr hls plrte`ls gxestgftgs gf gh
RAO, prgvel oirrghloeÿf.
Hl preire`l` `g hl clrlftál i oiftrlti qug sg trlshl`l gs hl qug galfl `gh RAO.
Gh lsegfti `g trlshl`i sg gjgotûl `g ioei y cgfgrl gh plci `g `grgomis rgcestrlhgs
oiai loti efvlhirl`i, pir ol`l lsegfti qug sg rglheog.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi <3.
<3.- Lfitloe
Lfitloeÿfÿf y oir
oir r gh
ghloeÿ
loeÿff `g
` g lsegftis
lsegftis
Oulf`i oirrgspif`l lfitlr prgvgftevlagftg ufl efaltreouhloeÿf gf lhcûf rg-
cestri kurá`eoi `g begfgs, gh rgcestrl`ir `gbgrì gjgotulr ufl lfitloeÿf `g oirrghloeÿf
`if`g ef`equg, qug rgspgoti lh begf qug lfitl gxestg uf loti i oiftrlti vefouhl`i gf
gh RAO. Gh trlshl`i sgrì priog`gftg oulf`i hl lfitloeÿf prgvgftevl `g hl efaltreou-
efaltreou-
hloeÿf sg oifvegrtl gf `gfetevl.
Plabeåf priog`g gxtgf`gr hl oirrghloeÿf oulf`i sg efaltreouhg gh begf l jlvir
`g pgrsifl `esteftl lh qug oifstetuyÿ gh loti i oiftrlti vefouhl`i efsoreti gf gh RAO4
slhvi qug sg trltg `gh supugsti oiftgaphl`i gf gh efoesi l) `gh Lrtáouhi =<, gf ouyi
olsi gs `g lpheoloeÿf gh lrtáouhi <: `g gstg Rgchlagfti.
Lrtáouhi
Lrtáouhi ai`e
ai`eol
ol`i
`i pir gh lrt
lrtáou
áouhi
hi < `g
`g hl
hl Rgsi
Rgsihuo
huoeÿf
eÿf F» 2<5
2<5-2>
-2>>:-
>:-_WF
_WFLR^/
LR^/_F
_F
pubheol`l gh >7/>=/2>>:.
Lrtáouhi <=.- Prlshl`i `gh lsegfti
lsegfti `g clr
clr lft
lftál
ál qug ljgotl
ljgotl gh titlh `g begfgs
begfgs
augbhgs `gh oifstetuygftg
^lrl gh trlshl`i `gh lsegfti `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel qug ljgotl hl titlhe`l` `g his
begfgs augbhgs
augbhgs `gh
`gh oifstetuygftg,
oifstetuygftg, `gh RAO l sus rgspgotevis rgcestris kurá`eois,
kurá`eois, gh rg-
cestrl`ir vgreolrì se åstl ljgotl begfgs prgsgftgs, juturis i labis.
_e hl clrlftál aibehelrel jug oifstetue`l ûfeolagftg sibrg begfgs prgsgftgs, gh
rgcestrl`ir fi gjgotulrì gh trlshl`i l hls plrte`ls `g his begfgs augbhgs qug uhtgreir -
agftg sg efsoreblf l fiabrg `gh oifstetuygftg, slhvi qug sg lorg`etg ag`elftg `iou-
agfti `g jgoml oegrtl qug hl trlfsjgrgfoel ipgrÿ oif lftgreire`l` l hl oifstetuoeÿf `g
hl clrlftál aibehelrel.

20?
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

_e hl clrlftál ljgotl his begfgs juturis `gh oifstetuygftg, gh rgcestrl`ir trlshl`l-

rì `g ioei hl clrlftál prgoifstetue`l l ti`is his begfgs augbhgs qug uhtgreiragftg sg
efsoreblf l fiabrg `gh oifstetuygftg gf his rgcestris kurá`eois `g begfgs, oif gh itir-
claegfti `g goloel rgspgotevl.
Gh lsegfti `g trlshl`i cgfgrl gh plci `g `grgomis rgcestrlhgs oiai loti efvlhi-
rl`i, pir ol`l lsegfti qug sg rglheog.
Gftrg tlfti, gf gh RAO hl clrlftál oifsgrvlrì su flturlhgzl `g prgoifstetue`l.

OL^ÁPWHI Z
@G HL RGH
RGHLOEßF
LOEßF @GH RGC
RGCE_PRI
E_PRI
AIBEHELREI
AIBEHE LREI @G OIFPRL
O IFPRLPI_
PI_ U @G HI_
RGCE_PRI_ WK RÁ@
RÁ@EOI_
EOI_ @G BEGFG_ @G HL
_WFL
_W FLR^
R^ OIF HI_ RG CE_PRI
CE_PRI__WK RÁ
RÁ@@EO
EOI_
I_ @G
BEGFG_ L@AEFE_PRL@
L@AEFE_PRL@I_I_ ^IR
^ IR IPRL_ GFPE@L
G FPE@L@G_
@G_
Lr táouhi <5.
Lrtáouhi <5.- Gfte`l` oiapg
oiapgtg tgftg
ftg
Oulf`i his lotis y oiftrltis efsorebebhgs l his qug sg rggrg gstg Rgchlagfti rg- rg-
oleclf sibrg begfgs augbhgs rgcestrl`is gf uf Rgcestri Kurá`eoi `g Begfgs qug fi sgl
l`aefestrl`i pir hl _uflrp, åstis sgrìf efsoretis pir gh jufoeiflrei oiapgtgftg `g hl
gfte`l` qug his l`aefestrl.
Hls gfte`l`gs qug l`aefestrgf Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g egfgs utehezlrìf his jir-
auhlreis lpribl`is pir hl _uflrp.
Lrtáouhi 2>.- Prlfsaes
rlfsaeseÿeÿff ghg
ghgotrÿfe
otrÿfeol
ol `g `ltis
Hls gfte`l`gs qug l`aefestrgf his itris Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g egfgs `gbgrìf
lheagftlr hl blsg `g `ltis ogftrlhezl`l `gh _ECO gf tegapi rglh.
Hl preire`l` `g hl clrlftál u itris lotis efsoretis `g lougr`i l hl Hgy, sgrì hl qug
oifstg gf gh Rgcestri Kurá`eoi `g Begfgs.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 2<.
2<.- Oiaufeo
Oiaufeoloe
loeÿfÿf `g efaltr eo
eouhlo
uhloeÿ
eÿff y t r lsh
lshl`i
l`i
i`is his l`aefestrl`irgs `g his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g egfgs tgf`rìf loog- loog -
si l hl blsg `g `ltis ogftrlhezl`l `gh _ECO plrl gjgotulr hls oifsuhtls qug jugrlf
fgogslrels.
Oulf`i sg efsorebl hl efaltreouhloeÿf `gh begf, sg rgourrerì l hl blsg `g `ltis
ogftrlhezl`l `gh _O plrl vgreolr hl gxestgfoel `g tátuhis pgf`egftgs i gf su olsi
gjgotulr gh trlshl`i `g hls clrlftáls i ljgotloeifgs yl efsoretls gf gh RAO.

PÁPWHI EEE
@G HI_
HI _ LOPI_ EF_OREBEBHG_
Lr táouhi 22.
Lrtáouhi 22.- Lo
Lotis
tis efsorebebhgs
efsorebebhgs
_if lotis efsorebebhgs gf gh RAO his gstlbhgoe`is gf gh prgsgftg Rgchlagfti y
gf hls firals gspgoelhgs.

200
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Lrtáouhi
Lrtáouhi ai`e
ai`eol
ol`i
`i pir gh lrt
lrtáou
áouhi
hi < `g
`g hl
hl Rgsi
Rgsihuo
huoeÿf
eÿf F» 2<5
2<5-2>
-2>>:-
>:-_WF
_WFLR^/
LR^/_F
_F
pubheol`l gh >7/>=/2>>:.
Lrtáouhi 2?.- Rgqu
Rgquesetis
esetis cgfgrl
cgfgrlhgs
hgs `g his lotis efsorebebhgs
efsorebeb hgs gf gh Rgcestri
Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis
His lotis efsorebebhgs gf gh RAO, l qug sg rggrg gh lrtáouhi <2 `gh prgsgftg Rg-
Rg-
chlagfti, lsá oiai his lotis uhtgreirgs `g ai`eoloeÿf i olfoghloeÿf, `gbgf rgufer
hls secuegftgs oif`eoeifgs oifourrgftgs;
l) \ug gh begf fi sg gfougftrg efsoreti gf uf Rgcestri Kurá`eoi `g Begfgs4 y
b) \ug gh loti efsorebebhg eaphequg ljgotloeÿf `gh begf ag`elftg clrlftál, oif-
trlti, ag`e`l olutghlr u itrl seaehlr
seaehlr..
Fi rgsuhtl efsorebebhg gf gstg rgcestri lotis trlshltevis `g `iaefei `g begfgs
augbhgs fi efsoretis, oif gxogpoeÿf `gh `iaefei `uoelrei.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 20.
20.- Lotis efsoreb
efsorebebhgs
ebhgs gf
gf his Rgcestr
Rgcestris
is uK r á`e
á`eoois `g Beg
Begfg
fgss
_if efsorebebhgs gf his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g Begfgs his lotis qug sg ef`eolf
gf gh lrtáouhi <2 `gh prgsgftg Rgchlagfti, lsá oiai his lotis uhtgreirgs `g ai`eol-
ai`eol -
oeÿf i olfoghloeÿf, y his rgcuhl`is gf sus rgspgotevis rgchlagftis `g efsorepoeifgs.

PÁPWHI EZ
^RIOG@EAEG FPI RGCE_PRLH
^RIOG@EAEGFPI
GF ^REAGRL EF_PLFOEL
OL^ÁPWHI E
@G HL ^RG_GFP
^RG _GFPLOEßF
LOEßF U GH JIRAWHLREI
JIRA WHLREI
@G EF_ORE^OEß
EF_ORE^OEßFF
Lrtáouhi 27.- Pátuhi suoegftg
His jirauhlreis `g efsorepoeÿf, `gbe`lagftg hhgfl`is y susoretis alfulh i ghgo-
trÿfeolagftg pir his itirclftgs `gh loti, oif hl efjiraloeÿf rghltevl lh loti l efsoreber
y ogrteol`l pir gh fitlrei, oifstetuygf tátuhi suoegftg plrl efsoreber his lotis l qug
sg rggrg hl Hgy y gh prgsgftg Rgchlagfti.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 2:.
2:.- @g hi
hiss jir
jir auhlr
auhlrei
eiss
His jirauhlreis pi`rìf gxtgf`grsg gf jiraltis eaprgsis i prgoi`eol`is mlbe- mlbe-
hetl`is gf hl pìcefl gb `g hl _uflrp, quegf lprugbl su gstruoturl.
Jirals `g hhgfl`i y prgsgftloeÿf `gh jirauhlrei;
l) Alfulh y gf sipirtg jáseoi;
His jirauhlreis pi`rìf sgr eaprgsis l trlvås `g hl pìcefl gb `g hl _uflrp,
plrl sgr prgsgftl`is gf hl ioefl
ioefl rgcestrlh
rgcestrlh rgspgotevl
rgspgotevl hugci `g ouaphe`l hl jiralhe`l`.
b) iral prgoi`eol`l y sipirtg jáseoi;
_g pi`rì jlouhtltevlagftg hhgflr gh oiftgfe`i `gh jirauhlrei gf hl pìcefl gb
`g hl _uflrp y ibhecltirelagftg gf gh supugsti oiftgaphl`i gf gh sgcuf`i pìrrlji `gh
lrtáouhi ?= `g gstg Rgchlagfti.

207
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Gf labis olsis, hl prgsgftloeÿf `gbgrì rglhezlrsg gf hl vgftlfehhl `g hl ioefl

`gh @elrei, prgvel eaprgseÿf y ogrteoloeÿf fitlrelh.
o) iral prgoi`eol`l y gfvái ghgotrÿfeoi;
His itirclftgs `gh loti efcrgslrìf l hl pìcefl gb `g hl _uflrp plrl hhgflr hl
efjiraloeÿf gf gh jiralti prgoi`eol`i ouaphegf`i hl jiralhe`l` `gsoretl gf gh lr -
táouhi ?: `gh prgsgftg Rgchlagfti.
Fi sg
sg rgquegrg
rgquegrg qug hls ag`e`ls olutghlrgs u itrls
itrls rgsihuoeifgs
rgsihuoeifgs gxpg`e`ls pir lu-
lu-
tire`l` ku`eoelh i l`aefestrltevl oifstgf gf jirauhlrei.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 23.
23.- Ohls
Ohlsgs
gs `g jirauhlr
jirauhlr ei
eiss
^lrl hls efsorepoeifgs sglhl`ls gf gh prgsgftg Rgchlagfti, hl _uflrp lpriblrì
his secuegftgs jirauhlreis;
l) @g efsorepoeÿf `g clrlftál aibehelrel.
b) @g efsorepoeÿf `g itris lotis.
o) @g olfoghloeÿf `g clrlftál aibehelrel y itris lotis.
Hl _uflrp lpriblrì uf efstruotevi plrl gh hhgfl`i `g his jirauhlreis.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 2=.
2=.- Jirauhlr ei `g efso
efsorr epo
epoeÿ
eÿff `g clr lftáls aibehe
aibehelr
lr els
Gf gh jirauhlrei `g efsorepoeÿf sg ef`eolrì hi secuegftg;
<. ^rgfiabrgs y lpghhe`is, `gfiaefloeÿf i rlzÿf sioelh, `iouagfti ioelh `g
e`gfte`l` i R.W.O., `iaeoehei, gstl`i oeveh `gh oifstetuygftg, `gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i
y `gh `gu`ir, gf olsi sgl pgrsifl `esteftl lh oifstetuygftg, lsá oiai his `ltis `g sus
rgprgsgftlftgs, `g sgr gh olsi.
2. Hl e`gfteoloeÿf y hl `gsorepoeÿf `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibe-
aibe -
helrel. Hl `gsorepoeÿf sg rglhezlrì `g jiral gspgoáol i cgfåreol `g lougr`i l hi gs- gs -
tlbhgoe`i pir hls plrtgs lseaesai, `gbgrì `gklrsg gxprgsl oifstlfoel se sg trltl `g uf
begf juturi i prgsgftg, pripei i lkgfi.
Gf hl `gsorepoeÿf gspgoáol `gbgrì ef`eolrsg hl olfte`l` `g begfgs, gh tepi `g
begf `g lougr`i l hi sglhl`i gf gh lrtáouhi 0 `g hl Hgy,
Hgy, y his `ltis
`ltis qug pgraetlf hl `g
`g--
tgraefloeÿf i ef`eve`ulhezloeÿf `gh begf. Oulf`i hls plrtgs lougr`gf hl `gsorepoeÿf
cgfåreol, blstlrì hlgfef`eoloeÿf
hloeÿf gstlbhgoe`l gh lrtáouhi`gh tepiagfoeifl`i,
lftgs `g begf itircl`i gf clrlftál
fi pu`egf`i `g lougr`i
gxecersg alyirl hl rg -
rg-
`gtl-
hhg i prgoeseÿf lh qug hls plrtgs mlf oifsecfl`i gf gh oiftrlti oirrgspif`egftg.
rltìf`isg `g clrlftál sibrg his begfgs l qug sg rggrg gh fuagrlh : `gh lrtáouhi
0 `g hl Hgy, sg oifse`grl vìhe`l hl `gsorepoeÿf qug oiftgfcl his `ltis qug hls plrtgs
lougr`gf.
Fuagrlhh ai`
Fuagrl ai`eo
eol`i
l`i pir gh lrtá
lrtáouh
ouhi
i < `g hl Rgsi
Rgsihuo
huoeÿf
eÿf F» >52
>52-2>
-2><>-
<>-_WF
_WFLR^/
LR^/_F
_F
pubheol`l gh 23/>0/2><>.
?. f`eoloeÿf `g his `ltis `g efsorepoeÿf `gh begf augbhg gf uf Rgcestri Kurá`e-
Kurá`e-
oi `g Begfgs, oulf`i oirrgspif`l.
0. Gf olsi `g begfgs fi rgcestrl`is, hl ral `gh oifstetuygftg `gohlrlf`i su
oif`eoeÿf `g pripegtlrei `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel.

20:
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

7. Gh vlhir `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i, lsá oiai hl `gohlrloeÿf se jug kl`i pir gh
oifstetuygftg, i loir`l`i gftrg hls plrtgs, kl`i pir uf tgrogri `g oiaûf lougr`i i
sukgti l vlhirezloeÿf pistgreir.
:. Gh aifti `gh crlvlagf oif hl ef`eoloeÿf `g `gtgraefl`i i `gtgraeflbhg. @g
sgr `gtgraeflbhg sg ef`eolrì l`gaìs his oretgreis, `ltis i jÿrauhls oif hls qug sg pug-
pug-
`l ibtgfgr `eomi aifti, oretgreis qug fi sif ibkgti `g olheoloeÿf rgcestrlh.
3. Hl `gsorepoeÿf gspgoáol i cgfåreol `g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l, y `g sgr gh
olsi, su oif`eoeÿf `g ibhecloeÿf juturl i gvgftulh, sgcûf hi loir`l`i pir hls plrtgs.
=. Gh fiabrg i `gfiaefloeÿf sioelh, `iouagfti ioelh `g e`gfte`l` y `iaeoe-
`iaeoe-
hei `gh `gpisetlrei, se jugrl gh olsi.
5. Hl ef`eoloeÿf `g hl jiralhe`l` qug rgvestg gh loti oifstetutevi, y `g sgr pise-
bhg hl jgoml oegrtl `g `eomi `iouagfti.
<>. Gh phlzi `g vecgfoel `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel. Gf `gjgoti `g phlzi plotl`i,
sg prgsuag qug gs ef`gfe`i.
<<. Hl jiral y oif`eoeifgs `g hl gkgouoeÿf `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlf-
tál aibehelrel i `g hl l`ku`eoloeÿf gf pripeg`l` lh lorgg`ir
lorgg`ir..
<2. `gfteoloeÿf, `g sgr gh olsi, `g his rgprgsgftlftgs l qug sg rggrgf his lr -
táouhis 03 fuagrlh < y 7? fuagrlh : `g hl Hgy.
<?. Ogrteoloeÿf fitlrelh qug efohuyg hl `g hl ral `g his plrteoeplftgs, qug pi-
pi-
`rì sgr alfulh i uslf`i ag`eis ghgotrÿfeois.
Gh jirauhlrei `g efsorepoeÿf, sgrì utehezl`i l`gaìs plrl hl prgoifstetuoeÿf y
ai`eoloeÿf `g oulhquegr `lti `gh oiftrlti lsá oiai, plrl hl rgfivloeÿf `g hl clrlf
clrlf--
tál gf gstg ûhteai olsi sgrì suoegftg ef`eolr gh fugvi phlzi.
Lrtáouhi
Lrtáouhi ai`e
ai`eol
ol`i
`i pir gh lrt
lrtáou
áouhi
hi < `g
`g hl
hl Rgsi
Rgsihuo
huoeÿf
eÿf F» 2<5
2<5-2>
-2>>:-
>:-_WF
_WFLR^/
LR^/_F
_F
pubheol`l gh >7/>=/2>>:.
Lr táouhi 25.
Lrtáouhi 25.- Jirauhlr ei `g efso
efsorr epo
epoeÿ
eÿff `g itris
itr is lotis
lotis
Gf gh jirauhlrei `g efsorepoeÿf `g itris lotis sg sglhlrì hi secuegftg;
<. Hl ef`eoloeÿf `gh tepi `g loti i oiftrlti.
2. ^rgfiabrgs
e`gfte`l` y lpghhe`is,gstl`i
i R.W.O., `iaeoehei, `gfiaefloeÿf
oeveh `g hisi plrteoeplftgs
rlzÿf sioelh, `iouagfti ioelh
y his `ltis `g `g
sus rg-
prgsgftlftgs, `g sgr gh olsi.
?. Hl e`gfteoloeÿf y hl `gsorepoeÿf `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibe-
aibe -
helrel. Hl `gsorepoeÿf sg rglhezlrì `g jiral gspgoáol i cgfåreol `g lougr`i l hi gs- gs -
tlbhgoe`i pir hls plrtgs lseaesai, `gbgrì `gklrsg gxprgsl oifstlfoel se sg trltl `g uf
begf juturi i prgsgftg, pripei i lkgfi.
Gf hl `gsorepoeÿf gspgoáol `gbgrì ef`eolrsg hl olfte`l` `g begfgs, gh tepi `g
begf `g lougr`i l hi sglhl`i
sglhl`i gf gh lrtáouhi 0 `g hl Hgy,
Hgy, y his `ltis qug pgraetlf hl ef-
ef-
`eve`ulhezloeÿf `gh begf.
Gf hl `gsorepoeÿf cgfåreol `gbgrì ef`eolrsg, pir hi agfis, gh tepi `g begf `g
lougr`i l hl rghloeÿf gstlbhgoe`l gf gh lrtáouhi lftgs agfoeifl`i.

203
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

0. Ef`eoloeÿf `g his `ltis `g efsorepoeÿf `gh begf augbhg gf uf Rgcestri Kurá`e-

oi `g Begfgs, oulf`i oirrgspif`l.
7. Gf olsi `g begfgs fi rgcestrl`is, hl `gohlrloeÿf kurl`l `g pripeg`l` `gh prg-
sufti pripegtlrei.
:. Gh vlhir `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i, lsá oiai hl `gohlrloeÿf se jug kl`i pir gh
pripegtlrei i loir`l`i gftrg hls plrtgs, kl`i pir uf tgrogri `g oiaûf lougr`i i su- su-
kgti l vlhirezloeÿf pistgreir
pistgreir..
3. Hl ef`eoloeÿf `g hl jiralhe`l` qug rgvestg gh loti oifstetutevi, y `g sgr pise-
bhg hl jgoml oegrtl `g `eomi `iouagfti.
=. Hls oif`eoeifgs, ai`i, phlzi y itrls gspgoeoloeifgs plrteouhlrgs.
5. Ogrteoloeÿf fitlrelh qug efohuyg hl `g hl ral `g his plrteoeplftgs, qug pi-pi-
`rì sgr alfulh i uslf`i ag`eis ghgotrÿfeois.
Gstg jirauhlrei tlabeåf sgrì utehezl`i plrl hls ai`eoloeifgs `g his `ltis efs-efs-
oretis. Gf gstis supugstis sg ef`eolrìf his `ltis `g efsorepoeÿf `gh loti i oiftrlti qug
sg ai`eol.
Lrtáouhi ?>.- Jirauhlr ei `g olfog
olfoghlo
hloeÿ
eÿff `g clr
clr lftáls aibeh
aibehelrels
elrels y itris
lotis
Gh jirauhlrei `g olfoghloeÿf `g clrlftáls y itris lotis `gbgrì oiftgfgr hl se- se -
cuegftg efjiraloeÿf oiai aáfeai;
<. ^rgfiabrgs y lpghhe`is, `gfiaefloeÿf i rlzÿf sioelh, `iouagfti ioelh `g
e`gfte`l` i R.W.O., `iaeoehei, gstl`i oeveh `gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i i `g his oiftrl-
tlftgs sgcûf sgl gh olsi.
2. Hl ral gsoretl i ghgotrÿfeol i pir gh ag`ei qug sg mlyl utehezl`i plrl hl cl-
cl-
rlftál i oiftrlti, oulf`i agfis hl `gh lorgg`ir i oiftrltlftgs sgcûf gh olsi4 gxogp-
ti oulf`i hl clrlftál aibehelrel u itri oiftrlti oiftgfcl ufl jgoml `gtgraefl`l `g
vecgfoel y, l`gaìs, fi gxestl firal gspgoelh qug `espifcl hl fgogslrel eftgrvgfoeÿf
`gh lorgg`ir.
?. Hl ef`eoloeÿf `g his `ltis `g efsorepoeÿf `g hl clrlftál i loti qug sg olfoghl.
0. Ogrteoloeÿf fitlrelh, qug pi`rì sgr alfulh i uslf`i ag`eis ghgotrÿfeois.
Lrtáouhi
Lrtáouhi ai`e
ai`eol
ol`i
`i pir gh lrt
lrtáou
áouhi
hi < `g
`g hl
hl Rgsi
Rgsihuo
huoeÿf
eÿf F» 2<5
2<5-2>
-2>>:-
>:-_WF
_WFLR^/
LR^/_F
_F
pubheol`l gh >7/>=/2>>:.
Lr táouhi ?<.
Lrtáouhi ?<.- _upugstis gf gh gh jira
jirauhlr
uhlr ei qug iolsei
iolseiflf
flf t loml sustlftev
sustlft evll
Gh rgcestrl`ir tlomlrì gh tátuhi oulf`i gf gh jirauhlrei iourrl lhcufi `g his se -
cuegftgs supugstis;
l) Fi oifstg gh fiabrg i `iouagfti ioelh `g e`gfte`l` `gh oifstetuygftg `g
hl clrlftál aibehelrel i `gh oiftrltlftg ouyi begf augbhg gs ibkgti `gh loti i oiftrl-
ti qug hi ljgotl.
b) Oulf`i hlh l jiralhe`l` `gh loti oifstetutevi sglhl`i gf gh jirauhlrei fi rg-rg -
vestl hl jiralhe`l` prgsoretl blki slfoeÿf `g fuhe`l`
o) _g iaetl gh sghhi, ral u itri rgqueseti gf hl ogrteoloeÿf fitlrelh.

20=
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Lrtáouhi
Lrtáouhi ai`e
ai`eol
ol`i
`i pir gh lrt
lrtáou
áouhi
hi < `g
`g hl
hl Rgsi
Rgsihuo
huoeÿf
eÿf F» 2<5
2<5-2>
-2>>:-
>:-_WF
_WFLR^/
LR^/_F
_F
pubheol`l gh >7/>=/2>>:.
Lr táouhi ?2.
Lrtáouhi ?2.- _upugstis gf
gf gh jir
jir auhlr ei qug iolse
iolseiflf
iflf lf itloe
itloeÿf
ÿf pr gv
gvgftevl
gftevl
Gh rgcestrl`ir lfitlrì prgvgftevlagftg oulf`i gh jirauhlrei oiftgfcl grrirgs,
oiftrl`eooeifgs u iaeseifgs `esteftls l hls sglhl`ls gf gh lrtáouhi qug lftgog`g.
Lr táouhi ??.
Lrtáouhi ??.- Jgo
Jgoml
ml oegrtl
oegrtl
L jlhtl `g ef`eoloeÿf `g jgoml oegrtl `gh loti oifstetutevi, sg prgsuag plrl gjgo-
tis rgcestrlhgs qug gs hl jgoml `g ogrteoloeÿf `gh jirauhlrei.
Oulf`i gh loti oifstetutevi rgquegrl ouapher hl jiralhe`l` prgsoretl blki slf-
oeÿf `g fuhe`l` fi sgrì `g lpheoloeÿf hl prgsufoeÿf `gh pìrrlji lftgreir.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi ?0.
?0.- Eapr io
iog`g
g`gfoe
foell `gh
` gh usi `gh
`gh jir
jir auhlrei
Fi sg pi`rì efstruagftlr gf jirauhlrei his lotis trlshltevis `g `iaefei, l gx- gx -
ogpoeÿf `gh `iaefei `uoelrei.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi ?7.
?7.- ^r gs
gsgftloeÿ
gftloeÿff `gh jir
jir auhlr ei l tr lvås `g ag`eis
ag`eis ghgo
ghgotr
tr ÿfeo
ÿfeois
is
Oulf`i gh jirauhlrei sgl eaprgsi y ouaphl hi gstlbhgoe`i gf gh lrtáouhi ?0 `g hl
Hgy, gh fitlrei pi`rì rgaeterhi lh Rgcestri l trlvås `g ag`eis ghgotrÿfeois. ^lrl ghhi,
`gbgrì efcrgslr l hl pìcefl gb `g hl _uflrp, oipelf`i hl efjiraloeÿf `gh jirauhlrei
eaprgsi lh jirauhlrei prgoi`eol`i `g lougr`i lh loti qug sg siheoetl efsoreber, ral-
ral-
rì `ecetlhagftg y gfvelrì gh efstruagfti ghgotrÿfeoi lh Rgcestri.
Hl oifstlfoel `g rgogpoeÿf `g hl trlfsaeseÿf ghgotrÿfeol oiftgf`rì gh fûagri `g
tátuhi qug ml se`i cgfgrl`i lsáoiai hl jgoml y mirl `g prgsgftloeÿf.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi ?:.
?:.- Gfvái gh
ghgo
gotr
tr ÿfeo
ÿfeoii
Gf gh olsi qug gh jirauhlrei sg gxtegf`l utehezlf`i ag`eis ghgotrÿfeois, åh i his
itirclftgs `gh loti efcrgslrìf l hl pìcefl gb `g hl _uflrp plrl oiaphgtlr hl efjir-
aloeÿf gf gh jiralti prgoi`eol`i oifjirag lh loti i lotis ouyl efsorepoeÿf siheoe- siheoe-
tlf, y susoreberìf `eomi jirauhlrei utehezlf`i hl ral `ecetlh.
^lrl gjgotis rgcestrlhgs, gh fitlrei ogrteolrì gf gh jirauhlrei tlfti hl e`gfte`l`
oiai hl olploe`l` `gh itirclftg u itirclftgs `gh loti y vgreolrì qug sg mlyl oua- oua -
phe`i oif hhgflr gh aesai oif his rgquesetis `gh lrtáouhi <5 `g hl Hgy.Hgy. Jeflhagftg, gh
fitlrei susoreberì ghghgotrÿfeol.
`elftg trlfsaeseÿf jirauhlrei utehezlf`i hl ral `ecetlh y hi gfvelrì lh Rgcestri ag-
ag -
Hl oifstlfoel `g rgogpoeÿf `g hl trlfsaeseÿf ghgotrÿfeol oiftgf`rì gh fûagri `g
tátuhi qug ml se`i cgfgrl`i lsá oiai hl jgoml y mirl `g prgsgftloeÿf.

OL^ÁPWHI EE
@GH ^RIOG@EAEGFPI
Lr táouhi ?3.
Lrtáouhi ?3.- @g hl ricloeÿf
ricloeÿf
His lsegftis rgcestrlhgs sg gxtegf`gf l efstlfoel `g his itirclftgs `gh loti i `g-
rgomi i `g tgrogri eftgrgsl`i, gf vertu` `g tátuhi qug oifstg gf jirauhlrei u itris efs-
truagftis pûbheois, ouyis `ltis sgrìf efcrgsl`is gf gh @elrei cgfgrlf`i hl siheoetu`
vertulh `g efsorepoeÿf.

205
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

_g prgsuag, sef l`aetersg prugbl gf oiftrlrei, qug fi gstìf oiaprgf`e`is gf hl

ricloeÿf his lotis efsorebebhgs gf his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g Begfgs qug l`aefestrlf
gfte`l`gs `esteftls l hl _uflrp, y qug sg gstì siheoetlf`i lfitloeÿf prgvgftevl oulf-
oulf -
`i gxestg uf `gjgoti subslflbhg gf gh tátuhi i jlhtl `g trloti gf gh rgcestri rgspgotevi.
Plabeåf sg prgsuag qug hl ricltirel sg mlog gxtgfsevl l ti`i Rgcestri Kurá`eoi
`g Begfgs l`aefestrl`i pir hl _uflrp, vefouhl`i oif gh loti qug sg siheoetl.
Gs rgqueseti `g l`aesebehe`l` gh plci titlh `g his `grgomis rgcestrlhgs. L`eoei-
flhagftg, sg cgfgrlrì ufl bihgtl oif gh rgjrgf`i, oif his `ltis `gh lsegfti `g prgsgf-
prgsgf-
tloeÿf, `if`g oifstlrì fiabrg `gh prgsgftlftg g ef`eoloeÿf l quegf rgprgsgftl, `iou-
`iou-
agfti ioelh `g `gfte`l`, fûagri `g tátuhi, jgoml, mirl y ioefl lftg quegf sg prg-
prg -
sgftÿ hl siheoetu`.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi ?=.
?=.- Ipoei
Ipoeifgs
fgs `g efcrgsi
Oulf`i sg prgtgf`l efsoreber lotis qug oifstgf gf jirauhlrei, oifkuftlagftg
oif itris qug oifstgf gf efstruagftis `esteftis, sg pi`rìf prgsgftlr blki lsegftis `g
prgsgftloeÿf ef`gpgf`egftgs, gf ouyi olsi pi`rìf lpheolrsg hls `espiseoeifgs `gh lr-
táouhi 02 `gh prgsgftg Rgchlagfti, se oirrgspif`egrl slhvi qug sg iptg pir prgsgftlr-
his blki uf aesai lsegfti `g prgsgftloeÿf, segf`i `g lpheoloeÿf hi `espugsti sibrg tá-
tuhis aextis gf gstg Rgchlagfti.
Oulf`i gh tátuhi sgl prgsgftl`i jáseolagftg gf gh @elrei y oirrgspif`l l ufl
olfte`l` alyir `g quefog (<7) begfgs augbhgs e`gfteolbhgs, gs ibhecltirel su prg-prg -
sgftloeÿf ag`elftg ag`ei alcfåteoi u itri `espisetevi `g lhalogflaegfti, slhvi rl-
zifgs `gbe`lagftg kusteol`ls.
Lrtáouhi
Lrtáouhi ai`e
ai`eol
ol`i
`i pir gh lrt
lrtáou
áouhi
hi < `g
`g hl
hl Rgsi
Rgsihuo
huoeÿf
eÿf F» 2<5
2<5-2>
-2>>:-
>:-_WF
_WFLR^/
LR^/_F
_F
pubheol`l gh >7/>=/2>>:.
Lr táouhi ?5.
Lrtáouhi ?5.- Zecg
ecgfoel
foel `gh lsegfti
lsegfti `g prgsg
pr gsgft
ftloeÿf
loeÿf
Gh phlzi `g vecgfoel `gh lsegfti `g prgsgftloeÿf gs `g quefog (<7) `áls mìbehgs
oiftl`is l plrter `gh efcrgsi `gh tátuhi. Gh aesai pug`g sgr ibkgti `g prÿrricl i sus-
pgfseÿf gf his tåraefis
tåraefis qug gh prgsgftg Rgchlagfti sglhl.
sglhl.
Oulf`i sg prgsgftgf plrtgs ku`eoelhgs i l`aefestrltevis, gh phlzi gs gh qug `es-
pifg gh Pgxti Ûfeoi
Pgxti
Lrtáouhi Ir`gfl`i
0>.- ^rÿ
^rÿrri l`gh
rriccl lut Rgchlagfti
utiiaì
t eol Cgfgrlh `g his Rgcestris ^ûbheois.
Cgfgrlh
_g pri`uog prÿrricl lutiaìteol `gh lsegfti `g prgsgftloeÿf, gf his secuegftgs
supugstis;
l) Oulf`i gh tátuhi sgl olheol`i oif pistgreire`l` lh phlzi gstlbhgoe`i gf hl
Hgy,, sg prirricl pir trgs (?) `áls l`eoeiflhgs.
Hgy
b) Oulf`i sg eftgrpifcl rgoursi `g lpghloeÿf oiftrl hls `goeseifgs
`goeseifgs `gh rgcestrl-
`ir, mlstl gh vgfoeaegfti `g his phlzis.
Lrtáouhi 0<.- _upugstis `g gxtgfseÿf `gh phlzi `g olheoloeÿf
Gf gh olsi `gh hetgrlh l) `gh lrtáouhi qug lftgog`g, gh tátuhi pi`rì sgr prirricl`i
sihlagftg gf his secuegftgs supugstis;

27>
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

l) ^ir gxtgfseÿf, oulf`i oiftgfcl lotis qug efvihuorgf aìs `g quefog (<7) beg beg--
fgs augbhgs.
b) ^ir oiaphgke`l`, oulf`i his lotis
lotis siheoetl`is sg rggrlf l aìs `g `is (2) rg-
rg-
cestris i oiftgfclf vlreis lotis efsorebebhgs.
o) Oulf`i sg rgquegrl efjiraloeÿf `iouagftlrel `g itrl [ifl Rgcestrlh.
`) ^ir vgreoloeÿf lftg supugsti olsi `g jlhsg`l` `iouagftlrel.
g) ^ir rlzifgs gxtrlir`eflrels i eaprgvesebhgs qug fi sglf ltrebuebhgs lh
rgcestrl`ir.
Gh rgcestrl`ir oiaufeolrì agfsulhagftg l hl grgfoel Rgcestrlh `g hl ifl
Rgcestrlh, gh itirclaegfti `g hls prÿrricls lutiaìteols, y hls olusls qug hl aitevlf,
plrl gjgoti `g `gshef`lr
`gshef`lr rgspifslbehe`l`gs l`aefestrltevls l qugqug mubegrg huclr.
huclr.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 02.
02.- Lfitloe
Lfitloeÿf
ÿf prgv
pr gvgftevl
gftevl pir tátuhi pgf`egftg oiapltebhg
oiapltebhg
Gf gh olsi `g gxestgfoel `g uf tátuhi pgf`egftg oiapltebhg y `g fgogslrel efs-
orepoeÿf plrl gh loogsi lh rgcestri `gh tátuhi altgrel `g olheoloeÿf, åstg ûhteai sgrì
ibkgti `g lfitloeÿf prgvgftevl, prgvei plci `g `grgomis rgcestrlhgs, `g sgr gh olsi, `g-
kìf`isg oifstlfoel `g hl olusl qugqug hi aitevl.
Hl oifvgrseÿf `g hl lfitloeÿf gf efsorepoeÿf sg gjgotulrì l siheoetu` `g plr-
tg `gftri `gh phlzi `g su vecgfoel ag`elftg uf fugvi lsegfti `g prgsgftloeÿf, oif gh
plci `g `grgomis rgcestrlhgs oirrgspif`egftgs l uf loti efvlhirl`i pir ol`l lsegfti
l gxtgf`grsg.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 0?.
0?.- _uspgfs
_uspgfseÿ
eÿff pir tátuhi pgf`egftg
pgf`egftg efoiapl
efoiapltebhg
tebhg
Gf gh olsi `g gxestgfoel `g uf tátuhi pgf`egftg efoiapltebhg oif gh tátuhi altgrel
`g olheoloeÿf, åstg ûhteai sgrì ibkgti `g suspgfseÿf `gh phlzi `g vecgfoel `gh lsegfti
`g prgsgftloeÿf, mlstl qug ol`uqug gh phlzi `g vecgfoel `gh tátuhi pgf`egftg efoiapl-
tebhg. Hl suspgfseÿf sg fiteol l trlvås `g ufl gsqughl lh usulrei y gh rgefcrgsi gs lu-
lu-
tiaìteoi plrl su heque`loeÿf, efsorepoeÿf i tloml sgcûf oirrgspif`l.

OL^ÁPWHI EEE
@G HL OLHEJE OLOEßF RGCE_PRLH
RGCE _PRLH
Lrtáouhi 00.- Pepis `g olheoloeÿf
Hl olheoloeÿf rgcestrlh gf gh RAO y gf his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g egfgs gs
phgfl i ltgful`l gf jufoeÿf `g his `iouagftis qug oiftegfgf his rgspgotevis
rgspgotevis lotis i
oiftrltis efsorebebhgs, pu`egf`i sgr oifourrgftgs gf ufl aesal siheoetu`.
Lrtáouhi 07.- Olheoloeÿf phgfl
Hl olheoloeÿf phgfl eapirtl hl lpheoloeÿf `g his phlzis, prefoepeis rgcestrlhgs y
gh priog`eaegfti `gh Pgxti Ûfeoi Ir`gfl`i `gh Rgchlagfti Cgfgrlh `g his Rgcestris
^ûbheois. _g lpheol gf his secuegftgs supugstis;
l) Oulf`i sg prgsgftg gh loti, clrlftál i oiftrlti gf efstruagftis `esteftis lh
jirauhlrei.

27<
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

b) Gf gh olsi `g plrtgs ku`eoelhgs i l`aefestrltevis galfl`is `g his ÿrclfis

oiapgtgftgs.
Lrtáouhi 0:.- Olheoloeÿf ltgful`l i heaetl`l
Oulf`i gh loti efsorebebhg sg prgsgftg gf jirauhlrei hl olheoloeÿf sgrì ltgful-
ltgful-
`l. Hl olheoloeÿf `g hgclhe`l` lsá oiai hl vlhe`gz `gh loti efsorebebhg y hl olploe`l`
`g his itirclftgs pir plrtg `gh rgcestrl`ir sg heaetlrìf ûfeolagftg l hi qug sg `gsprgf-
`gsprgf-
`l `gh oiftgfe`i `g `eomi efstruagfti y su ogrteoloeÿf. Gh rgcestrl`ir `gbgrì olhe-
olhe-
olr hl rgprgsgftloeÿf efviol`l, `g sgr gh olsi.
Hl olheoloeÿf ltgful`l i heaetl`l eapheol hl lpheoloeÿf `g his phlzis, prefoe-
prefoe-
peis y priog`eaegfti gspgoelh
gspgoelh prgvesti gf gstg Rgchlagfti.
Lrtáouhi 03.- ^hlzi `g olheoloeÿf ltgful`l i heaetl`l
Gh rgcestrl`ir olheolrì gh tátuhi `gftri `g his trgs (?) preagris `áls, oiftl`is l
plrter `g su prgsgftloeÿf pu`egf`i sgr gh rgsuhtl`i `g `eoml olheoloeÿf; efsorepoeÿf,
heque`loeÿf, suspgfseÿf, lfitloeÿf prgvgftevl i tloml `gh tátuhi. _ÿhi pir hls olusls l
qug sg rggrg gh lrtáouhi 0< `gh prgsgftg Rgchlagfti, pi`rì gxtgf`grsg gh phlzi `g ol ol--
heoloeÿf mlstl gh sgxti `ál `g vecgfoel `gh lsegfti `g prgsgftloeÿf.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 0=.
0=.- ^hlzi plrl
plr l gh plci `g `grgomis g efsorepoeÿ
efsorepoeÿff
^ir gxogpoeÿf,
que`loeÿf gf`gghalyir
plrl gh plci olsi qug gh tátuhi
`grgomi, oifûhteai
gstg olheoloeÿf ltgful`l
sgrì l`aete`i sgl gh
mlstl ibkgti `g`ál
oulrti he-
he-
lftgreir l hl jgoml `g vgfoeaegfti `gh lsegfti `g prgsgftloeÿf, priog`eåf`isg l gxtgf-
`gr hl efsorepoeÿf `gftri `g his trgs (?) ûhteais `áls rgstlftgs.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 05.
05.- Pátuh
Pátuhis
is aext is
Oulf`i sg prgsgftgf tátuhis oif `is i aìs efstruagftis, ufi blki gh råceagf `g
olheoloeÿf ltgful`l i heaetl`l y itri blki gh råceagf `g olheoloeÿf phgfl, sg lphe- lphe -
olrìf hls secuegftgs rgchls `g olheoloeÿf;
l) Ol`l loti sgrì olheol`i sgcûf gh råceagf qug hg oirrgspif`l, pgri lh tátuhi
sg hg lpheolrì gh phlzi `gh gxti
gxti feoi r`gfl`i `gh Rgchlagfti gfgrlh `g his Rg- Rg-
cestris ^ûbheois.
b) Hl rglhezloeÿf `g hl efsorepoeÿf, lfitloeÿf prgvgftevl, suspgfseÿf i heque`l-
oeÿf qug lagretg gh loti `g olheoloeÿf ltgful`l gstlrì supg`etl`i l qug flheog hl ol- ol-
heoloeÿf qug oirrgspif`l lh loti `g olheoloeÿf phgfl.
o) Gf gh aiagfti gf qug sg gfougftrg gxpg`eti plrl heque`lr i efsoreber gh loti
`g olheoloeÿf phgfl, sgrì eculhagftg heque`l`i, efsoreti i lfitl`i gh loti `g olheol-
olheol-
oeÿf ltgful`l sgcûf oirrgspif`l.
`) Oulf`i gh tátuhi sgl ibsgrvl`i pir olusls ltrebuebhgs lh loti `g olheoloeÿf
phgfl, gf hl gsqughl `g ibsgrvloeÿf sg sglhlrìf l`eoeiflhagftg, `g sgr gh olsi, hls
oeroufstlfoels qug lagretlf lfitloeÿf prgvgftevl `gh loti `g olheoloeÿf ltgful`l. Gh
rgcestrl`ir `gbgrì `gklr oifstlfoel rgspgoti l gstg ûhteai qug sÿhi tegfg aåreti efjir-
altevi y fi rgqugreaegfti `g subslfloeÿf.
g) Gf his rgefcrgsis pir subslfloeÿf `gh loti `g olheoloeÿf phgfl, gs jlouhtlte-
jlouhtlte-
vi `gh usulrei subslflr i fi his `gjgotis `gh loti `g olheoloeÿf ltgful`l qug pu`i
mlbgr efjiral`i gh rgcestrl`ir gf hl ibsgrvloeÿf `gh loti `g olheoloeÿf phgfl.

272
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

j) Oulf`i gh tátuhi aexti gf trìaetg sgl altgrel

altgre l `g `gsesteaegfti `g ricltirel rgs-
rgs -
pgoti `g ufi
ufi `g his lotis
lotis qug oiftegfg,
oiftegfg, sg lpheol lh tátuhi
tátuhi gh råceagf
råceagf `gh loti qug sub-
sestl, sef ljgotlr gh phlzi `g vecgfoel `gh lsegfti `g prgsgftloeÿf yl itircl`i lh tátuhi.
Lrtáouhi 7>.- Prlo
rloti
ti suo
uoggsevi
Gf gh RAO gh rgcestrl`ir vgreolrì hl prggxestgfoel `gh `grgomi qug sg prgtgf`l
ai`eolr i olfoghlr, slhvi qug sg trltg `g hl preagrl efsorepoeÿf.
Gf his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g egfgs sgrì prgoesi qug prgvelagftg sg gfougftrg
rgcestrl`i i sg efsorebl gh `grgomi `g `if`g galfl i sg oiaprugbg hl gxestgfoel `gh
loti prgvei fgogslrei plrl su gxtgfseÿf.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 7<.
7<.- Lfitloe
Lfitloeifgs
ifgs pr gv
gvgftevls
gftevls
Gf hl olheoloeÿf ltgful`l i heaetl`l, oulhquegrl qug jugsg gh Rgcestri, `g l`- l` -
vgrtersg qug gh loti efsorebebhg l`ihgog `g `gjgoti subslflbhg i jlhtl `g trloti suogse-
vi, gh rgcestrl`ir `gbgrì lfitlr prgvgftevlagftg gh tátuhi pir oultri (0) agsgs oiftl-
oiftl-
`is l plrter `gh lsegfti `g prgsgftloeÿf, sef fgogse`l` `g ibsgrvloeÿf prgvel. @eomi
phlzi pug`g sgr rgfivl`i pir ûfeol vgz lftgs `g su vgfoeaegfti, l siheoetu` `g plr-
tg pir uf phlzi seaehlr.
Gf gstls lfitloeifgs prgvgftevls, gh rgcestrl`ir `gklrì oifstlfoel `g hls olusls
gspgoáols qug aitevlf `eoml lfitloeÿf, hl jgoml `g su vgfoeaegfti y hl prgoeseÿf qug
vgfoe`i gh phlzi hl lfitloeÿf yl fi surtg gjgoti.
Oulf`i sg lfitg uf loti pir jlhtl `g trloti suogsevi y `urlftg su vecgfoel sg efe-
oeg gh priog`eaegfti gspgoelh `g slfglaegfti `g trloti suogsevi, hl vecgfoel `g hl lfi-
tloeÿf sg gxtgf`grì mlstl pir uf li l`eoeiflh.
Lrtáouhi 72.- _iheoetu` `g rgoteoloeÿf pir lfitloeÿf prgvgftevl
@gftri `gh phlzi `g vecgfoel `g hl lfitloeÿf prgvgftevl, pir gxestgfoel `g `g-
jgoti subslflbhg i lusgfoel `g trloti suogsevi, sg pi`rì siheoetlr pir gh @elrei, hl oif-
oif-
vgrseÿf `g lfitloeÿf gf efsorepoeÿf, se gs qug hl siheoetu` sg juf`lagftl gf grrÿfgl
lprgoeloeÿf `gh rgcestrl`ir `gh tátuhi preaecgfei, hl aesal qug fi cgfgrl gh plci `g
tlsl rgcestrlh lhcufl.
Gh phlzi `g vecgfoel `gh lsegfti `g prgsgftloeÿf `g `eomi tátuhi `g rgoteoloeÿf
gs `g`g
oeÿf quefog
`eoml(<7) `áls. @gftri
siheoetu` `g uf phlzi
gh rgcestrl`ir `g oefoi
olheolrì (7) `áls
gh tátuhi, lftgpistgreirgs l hl prgsgftl-
ouyl `gfgcltirel, `g sgr
gh olsi, pi`rì eftgrpifgrsg gh rgoursi `g lpghloeÿf, gh oulh sgrì rgsughti pir hl _gcuf
_gcuf--
`l fstlfoel `gftri `g uf phlzi `g quefog (<7) `áls mìbehgs.
Lrtáouhi 7?.- Efsorepoeÿf `gfetevl pir subslfloeÿf
Hl subslfloeÿf `g his `gjgotis l`vgrte`is i rgcuhlrezloeÿf `gh trloti suogsevi
`gbgrì prgsgftlrsg l trlvås `g fugvi tátuhi, `gftri `gh phlzi `g vecgfoel `g hl lfitl-lfitl -
oeÿf prgvgftevl, gf ouyi olsi his gjgotis `g hl efsorepoeÿf sg rgtritrlgf l hl jgoml `gh
lsegfti `g prgsgftloeÿf `gh tátuhi qug `ei aåreti l hl lfitloeÿf.
Hl siheoetu` prgsgftl`l oif pistgreire`l` lh vgfoeaegfti `g hl lfitloeÿf prg-
vgftevl sg gjgotulrì gf aåreti `gh tátuhi lromevl`i y his gjgotis `g su efsorepoeÿf sg
efeoelrìf l plrter `g hl jgoml `g lsegfti `g prgsgftloeÿf `g `eoml siheoetu`.

27?
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Lr táouhi 70.
Lrtáouhi 70.- Itr ls lfitloeifg
lfitloeifgss prgvgftev
prgvgftevls
ls
_if efsorebebhgs gf gh RAO oiai lfitloeifgs prgvgftevls;
l) Hls ag`e`ls olutghlrgs galfl`ls `g sg`g ku`eoelh y l`aefestrltevl oiapgtgftg.
b) Hls rgsihuoeifgs ku`eoelhgs qug fi `gf
`gf aåreti l ufl efsorepoeÿf
efsorepoeÿf `gfetevl.

qug fio)mlyl
Gh loti
se`ioiftgfe`i
ibkgti `ggfrgspugstl
gh tátuhi pir
altgrel
plrtg`g`ghoifsuhtl pir jlhsg`l`
jufoeiflrei `iouagftlrel
oiapgtgftg mlstl trgs
(?) `áls lftgs `gh vgfoeaegfti `g hl vecgfoel `gh lsegfti `g prgsgftloeÿf Hl gxestgf-gxestgf-
oel `g ufl `g gstls lfitloeifgs prgvgftevls y hls `gsoretls gf gh lrtáouhi prgog`gftg fi
`gtgraefl hl eapisebehe`l` `g gxtgf`gr lsegftis rgcestrlhgs rghloeifl`is oif his lotis
y `grgomis pubheoetl`is gf hl plrte`l rgcestrlh, slhvi `espiseoeÿf gf oiftrlrei.
Lrtáouhi 77.- Lfitloeÿf prgvg pr gvgft
ftevl
evl `g r gsi gsihuoeifgs
huoeifgs kuku`eoelhgs
`eoelhgs y
l`aefestrltevls
Hls lfitloeifgs prgvgftevls `g ag`e`ls olutghlrgs qug priog`lf `g rgsihuoeÿf
ku`eoelh i l`aefestrltevl sg gxtegf`gf, sef pgrkueoei `g qug mlylf se`i eapucfl`ls
`gftri `g su priogsi i priog`eaegfti rgspgotevlagftg, slhvi `espiseoeÿf gf oiftrlrei.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 7:.
7:.- Ploml sustlftevl
sustlftevl
Gh rgcestrl`ir tlomlrì gh tátuhi `g phlfi oulf`i;
l) L`ihgzol `g `gjgoti efsubslflbhg qug ljgotl hl vlhe`gz `gh oiftgfe`i `gh
tátuhi.
b) Oiftgfcl loti fi efsorebebhg i loti efsorebebhg gf uf rgcestri kurá`eoi fi l`-
aefestrl`i pir hl _uflrp.
o) Gxestlf ibstìouhis efslhvlbhgs qug galfgf `g hl plrte`l rgcestrlh.
`) ourrl gh supugsti `gh lrtáouhi ?: `gh gxtigxti feoi r`gfl`i `gh Rgchlagf-
Rgchlagf-
ti Cgfgrlh `g his Rgcestris ^ûbheois.
g) Gf his olsis prgvestis gf gh lrtáouhi ?< `gh prgsgftg Rgchlagfti.
Lrtáouhi 73.- Ploml pir p ir ol`uoe`l`
ol` uoe`l` `gh phlzi `g vecg vecgfoel
foel `gh lsegfti
lsegfti `g
prgsgftloeÿf
Gf his olsis gf his qug sg pri`uzol hl ol`uoe`l` `gh phlzi `g vecgfoel `gh lsegf-
ti `g prgsgftloeÿf sef qug sg mubegsg ouaphe`i oif plclr gh alyir `grgomi heque`l`i,
i fi mubegsgf subslfl`i hls ibsgrvloeifgs l`vgrte`ls oulf`i lsá oirrgspif`lf, gh rg-
cestrl`ir jirauhlrì hl tloml oirrgspif`egftg.
Lrtáouhi 7=.- Fiteoloeifgs
Hls gsqughls `g heque`loeÿf, tlomls, suspgfseifgs y ibsgrvloeifgs oulf`i oi-
rrgspif`l, sg gftgf`grìf fiteol`ls gf hl jgoml gf qug sg pifclf l `espiseoeÿf `gh
siheoetlftg gf hl agsl `g plrtgs `g hl ioefl rgcestrlh rgspgotevl. Gf olsi qug gh usul-usul -
rei mlyl pugsti l `espiseoeÿf uf oirrgi ghgotrÿfeoi, sg `gbgrì rgaeter l`eoeiflhagftg
hl rgjgre`l gsqughl pir gstg ag`ei, fi segf`i rgspifslbhg gh Rgcestri `g his pribhgals
pripeis `g hls ougftls
ougftls ghgotrÿfeols agfoeifl`ls.
agfoeifl`ls.
Gf his olsis `g rgsihuoeifgs ku`eoelhgs qug ir`gfgf ufl efsorepoeÿf, hls ib-
sgrvloeifgs, heque`loeifgs oulf`i oirrgspif`lf, y hls tlomls sustlftevls sgrìf

270
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

oiaufeol`ls `ergotlagftg lh ÿrclfi ku`eoelh oirrgspif`egftg, ag`elftg ioei oursl

oursl--
`i pir gh rgcestrl`ir, sef pgrkueoei `g hl gxpg`eoeÿf `g hl gsqughl rgspgotevl.

OL^ÁPWHI EZ
@G HL_ EF_ORE^O
EF_ORE^OEIFG_
EIFG_
Lr táouhi 75.
Lrtáouhi 75.- Oifs
Oifstetuoe
tetuoeÿf
ÿf `g hl
hl Clr lftál Aibehelrel
Aibehelrel
Hl clrlftál aibehelrel sg efsoreberì gf gh RAO i gf gh Rgcestri Kurá`eoi `g eg
eg--
fgs oulf`i oirrgspif`l, oif lrrgchi lh lrtáouhi ?? `g hl Hgy, gf aåreti `gh jirauhlrei
i tátuhi rgspgotevi rltìf`isg `g oifstetuoeÿf ufehltgrlh `g clrlftál sgrì suoegftg hl
eftgrvgfoeÿf `gh `gu`ir `gbegf`i ef`eolrsg gf gh lsegfti, l`gaìs;
l) Gf gh olsi `g pgrsifls flturlhgs; gh fiabrg `gh lorgg`ir y su `iouagfti i-
i-
oelh `g e`gfte`l`, y `g sgr gh olsi, gh fiabrg `g su lpi`grl`i i rgprgsgftlftg hgclh.
b) Gf gh olsi `g pgrsifls kurá`eols; hl `gfiaefloeÿf i rlzÿf sioelh, R.W.O
y plrte`l rgcestrlh oulf`i sg gfougftrg efsoretl, lsá oiai gh fiabrg y `ltis `g su
rgprgsgftlftg.
Lrtáouhi :>.- Olfo
Olfogghlo
hloeÿ
eÿff `g clrlftál aibe
aibehe
helrel
lrel

tgfcl ^lrl hl olfoghloeÿf

hl `gohlrloeÿf `g hl clrlftál
y susorepoeÿf pir aibehelrel sg rgquegrg
hi agfis `gh lorgg`irqug gh jirauhlrei
`gsecfl`i gf gh oif-
loti
oifstetutevi `g hl clrlftál, oif hl oirrgspif`egftg ogrteoloeÿf fitlrelh, slhvi qug sg
trltg `g olfoghloeÿf pir vgfoeaegfti `gh phlzi `g clrlftál, gf ouyi olsi fi sgrì fgog-fgog-
slrel hl eftgrvgfoeÿf `gh lorgg`ir.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi :<.
:<.- Clr lftál aibehelrel
aibehelrel sibrg looei
looeifgs
fgs
Gf gh jirauhlrei sibrg clrlftál aibehelrel sibrg looeifgs `gbgrì ef`eolrsg qug
gh looeifestl oifstetuygftg `gh `grgomi ml oiaufeol`i l hl sioeg`l` hl oifstetuoeÿf
`g hl clrlftál.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi :2.
:2.- Prlfsaes
Prlfsaeseÿ
eÿff `g hl clrlftál
clrlf tál aibehe
aibehelr
lr el
Gf hl trlfsaeseÿf `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel gh rgcestrl`ir efsoreberì gh olabei `gh
lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i oifsecflf`i gh fiabrg `gh fugvi lorgg`ir. ^lrl su rgcestrloeÿf,

gh
sg olabei `ghsulorgg`ir
og`g, i gf `gjgoticlrlftezl`i `gbg rgcestrlrsg oiai
sg lfitlrì prgvgftevlagftg, loti
segaprg prgvei
qug hl clrlftál
oifstgf qug-
his ghgagf-
ghgagf
tis gsgfoelhgs oifstetutevis `g hl clrlftál qug sg trlfsaetg.
Lrtáouhi :?.- Clr lft
lftáls
áls aibehe
aibehelr
lr els qug crcr lvlf gh titlh `g begfgs
begfgs augbhgs
augbhgs
`gh oifstetuygftg
^lrl gjgotis `gh prgsgftg Rgchlagfti gh titlh `g begfgs augbhgs `gh oifstetuygf-
tg pi`rì `gfiaeflrsg pltreaifei aibehelrei, rgsuhtlf`i `g lpheoloeÿf hls `espiseoei-
`espiseoei-
fgs `gh Olpátuhi EZ `gh Pátuhi EE `g gstg Rgchlagfti.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi :0.
:0.- Lj
Ljgo
gotloeÿf
tloeÿf `g beg
b egfgs
fgs augbhgs prgspr gsgftgs
gftgs
rltìf`isg `g clrlftáls qug ljgotgf gh titlh `gh pltreaifei aibehelrei lotulh `gh
oifstetuygftg, sg ef`eolrì gf gh jirauhlrei i tátuhi rgspgotevi his lftgog`gftgs rgcestrlhgs
`g his begfgs augbhgs `g pripeg`l` `gh oifstetuygftg. Gf gstg olsi gh rgcestrl`ir

277
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

efsoreberì hl clrlftál gf gh RAO y ûfeolagftg gf hls plrte`ls oirrgspif`egftgs lh Rg-Rg -

cestri Kurá`eoi `g Begfgs qug sg mlyl ef`eol`i gf gh jirauhlrei i tátuhi rgspgotevi.
Lrtáouhi
Lrtáouhi ai`e
ai`eol
ol`i
`i pir gh lrt
lrtáou
áouhi
hi < `g
`g hl
hl Rgsi
Rgsihuo
huoeÿf
eÿf F» 2<5
2<5-2>
-2>>:-
>:-_WF
_WFLR^/
LR^/_F
_F
pubheol`l gh >7/>=/2>>:.
Lr táouhi :7.
Lrtáouhi :7.- Lj
Ljgo
gotloeÿ
tloeÿff `g
` g begfgs
begfgs augbhgs jutu
juturr is
Gf gh olsi `g clrlftál sibrg gh titlh `gh pltreaifei aibehelrei juturi `gh oifste-
tuygftg, oirrgspif`g su prgoifstetuoeÿf, hl aesal qug tgf`rì goloel gf gh aiagfti
gf qug sg efsorebl gh begf gf his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g Begfgs i oulf`i sg prgsgftg hl
`gohlrloeÿf kurl`l `g pripeg`l` gf gh RAO. Gf gh preagr supugsti gh rgcestrl`ir qug
efaltreouhl gh begf, l`eoeiflhagftg mlrì gxtgfsevl hl clrlftál, gf gh sgcuf`i supugs-
supugs-
ti gh rgcestrl`ir sg heaetlrì l itirclr goloel l hl clrlftál.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi ::.
::.- Lj
Ljgo
gotloeÿ
tloeÿff `g begfgs `g `esteftl
`esteftl flt
flturur lhgz
lhgzll
_e ufl clrlftál efohuyg begfgs prgsgftgs, juturis, pripeis y lkgfis hl efsorepoeÿf
gf gh RAO sg gjgotulrì gf olhe`l` `g prgoifstetue`l, pgri hls efsorepoeifgs qug sg gx-gx-
tegf`lf gf gh Rgcestri Kurá`eoi `g egfgs tgf`rìf hl olhe`l` qug hgs oirrgspif`l gf
ltgfoeÿf l hl oif`eoeÿf `gh begf efohue`i gf hl clrlftál.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi :3.
:3.- Clrlft
Clrlftáál aibehelrel lbegrtl
Hls clrlftáls aibehelrels lbegrtls sgrìf efsoretls oiai oifstetue`ls, segaprg
qug ufl `g hls ibhecloeifgs clrlftezl`ls tgfcl hl oif`eoeÿf `g prgsgftg.
rltìf`isg `g clrlftáls aibehelrels qug clrlftezlf sÿhi ibhecloeifgs juturls i
gvgftulhgs, sg efsoreberìf gf gh RAO i gf his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g egfgs, oulf`i
oirrgspif`l, segaprg oif hl olhe`l` `g prgoifstetue`l, mlstl qug hls ibhecloeifgs sglf
`gtgraefl`ls oifjirag lh lrtáouhi =2 `g gstg Rgchlagfti.
Lrtáouhi
Lrtáouhi ai`e
ai`eol
ol`i
`i pir gh lrt
lrtáou
áouhi
hi < `g
`g hl
hl Rgsi
Rgsihuo
huoeÿf
eÿf F» 2<5
2<5-2>
-2>>:-
>:-_WF
_WFLR^/
LR^/_F
_F
pubheol`l gh >7/>=/2>>:.
Lr táouhi :=.
Lrtáouhi :=.- Ogse
Ogseÿf
ÿf `g `gr
`gr go
gomis
mis
^ug`g rgcestrlrsg hl ogseÿf `g `grgomis sibrg begfgs augbhgs fi rgcestrl`is
segaprg qug hl prgstloeÿf oiftgfe`l gf gh `grgomi qug sg og`g fi vgrsg sibrg trlshl-
oeÿf `g `iaefei. Lseaesai, `gbgrì `gohlrlrsg
`gohlrlrsg gf gh jirauhlrei qug fi gxestg primebe-
primebe-
oeÿf plrl `eoml ogseÿf.
^ir gxogpoeÿf, gs efsorebebhg rgspgoti lh oiftrlti `g `geoiaesi hl ogseÿf `g `g-
`g-
rgomis `gh `geoiaeslrei i `g sgr gh olsi, `gh `geoiaetgftg y sus mgrg`gris.
^lrl hl efsorepoeÿf `g hl ogseÿf `g `grgomis fi sg rgquegrg hl prgvel efsorepoeÿf
`gh `grgomi og`e`i.
Lrtáouhi
Lrtáouhi ai`e
ai`eol
ol`i
`i pir gh lrt
lrtáou
áouhi
hi < `g
`g hl
hl Rgsi
Rgsihuo
huoeÿf
eÿf F» 2<5
2<5-2>
-2>>:-
>:-_WF
_WFLR^/
LR^/_F
_F
pubheol`l gh >7/>=/2>>:.
Lr táouhi :5.
Lrtáouhi :5.- Je`geo
Je`geoiaes
iaesii
L gjgotis `g vgreolr se gh loti oifstetutevi `gh `geoiaesi ml se`i oghgbrl`i
ouaphegf`i hl jiralhe`l` gstlbhgoe`l gf hl hgy, gf gh jirauhlrei `g efsorepoeÿf `g-
bgrì ef`eolrsg gh tepi `gh `geoiaesi y his `ltis `gh `iouagfti qug rgvestg lh loti
oifstetutevi.

27:
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Lrtáouhi 3>.- Lrrg

rrgf`
f`la
laeegft
ftii
Gf gh tátuhi qug oiftgfcl gh oiftrlti `g lrrgf`laegfti sg `gbgrì ef`eolr his beg-
beg -
fgs y hl rgftl plotl`l.
Hl iaeseÿf gf hl ef`eoloeÿf `gh phlzi `gh lrrgf`laegfti cgfgrl uf supugsti `g
lfitloeÿf prgvgftevl, slhvi hl prgsufoeÿf oiftgfe`l gf gh fuagrlh < `gh lrtáouhi <:=5
`gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh.
Gf his olsis `g efsorepoeÿf `gh oiftrlti `g lrrgf`laegfti l phlzi ef`gtgraefl-
`i, hl olfoghloeÿf `gh lsegfti pi`rì rglhezlrsg ufehltgrlhagftg `g lougr`i l hi plotl-
plotl-
`i pir hls plrtgs oifjirag lh lrtáouhi <:5< `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh.
Lrtáouhi 3<.- Lrrgf`laegfti flfoegri y gh hglsgblod
Gh jirauhlrei qug oiftgfcl gh oiftrlti `g lrrgf`laegfti flfoegri i gh hglsg-
hglsg -
blo `gbgrì oiftgfgr hl ef`eoloeÿf `g his begfgs y gh aifti `g hl agrog` oif`uotevl
oif`uotevl
i su jlotir `g `gtgraefloeÿf.
Gh gkgroeoei `g hl ipoeÿf `g oiaprl pi`rì loog`gr lh RAO sÿhi plrl gjgotis `g
olfoghlr gh lsegfti `g efsorepoeÿf `if`g sg rgcestrÿ gh oiftrlti.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 32.
32.- Oiftrl
Oiftrlti
ti `g Oifsec
Oifsecfloe
floeÿf
ÿf
Gf gh lsegfti `g efsorepoeÿf `g uf oiftrlti `g oifsecfloeÿf, `gbgrìf sglhlrsg
hls oif`eoeifgs gspgoelhgs `g hl oifsecfloeÿf, gh phlzi plrl ouapherhi, lsá oiai gh vl-
hir `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 3?.
3?.- Oi
Oiftr
ftr ltis prgplrltirei
prgplrltireiss
^ug`g rgcestrlrsg uf oiftrlti prgplrltirei sibrg begfgs augbhgs fi rgcestrl`is
oulhquegrl qug jugsg gh oiftrlti `gfetevi, l gxogpoeÿf `g his rgjgre`is l trlshloeÿf
`g `iaefei.
Gh jirauhlrei `g efsorepoeÿf `g his oiftrltis prgplrltireis, `gbgrì oiftgfgr his
`ltis gsgfoelhgs `gh oiftrlti `gfetevi l oghgbrlr.
Gh oiftrlti `gfetevi sg efsoreberì gf hl aesal plrte`l `if`g sg efsorebeÿ gh oif-
oif -
trlti prgplrltirei.

Oulf`i `gh
he`l` prgsoretl jirauhlrei
plrl sg `gfetevi,
gh oiftrlti `gsprgf`l gh
qug gh loti
tátuhi sgrìoifstetutevi fi rgvestg hl jiral-
ibkgti `g tloml.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 30.
30.- Lfitloe
Lfitloeÿfÿf `g ag`e`l
ag`e`l olutghlr
Hl lfitloeÿf `g hl ag`e`l olutghlr sg gxtgf`grì gf aåreti `g plrtg ku`eoelh i
l`aefestrltevi, qug oiftgf`rì gh ioei y hl rgsihuoeÿf qug hl oifog`g, gf hl qug sg ef- ef-
`eolrì hl ef`eve`ulhezloeÿf `g his begfgs augbhgs ljgotl`is i hl ef`eoloeÿf `g cåfgri
y gspgoeg, lsá oiai gh aifti `g hl ljgotloeÿf, `g sgr gh olsi.
rltìf`isg `g gablrci gf jiral `g `gpÿseti i sgougstri, gh plrtg ku`eoelh `gbg- `gbg-
rì oiftgfgr l`gaìs hl oipel ogrteol`l `gh lotl `g oifstetuoeÿf `gh `gpisetlrei.
^lrl gh olsi `g hl
h l ag`e`l olutghlr ir`gfl`l gf sg`g l`aefestrltevl sg rgquegrg,
r gquegrg,
l`eoeiflhagftg qug gh gkgoutir y gh luxehelr oilotevi sg gfougftrgf lorg`etl`is lftg
gh Rgcestri.

273
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Lr táouhi 37.
Lrtáouhi 37.- Zlr eloe
eloeÿf
ÿf `g hl
hl ag`e`l olutghlr
Hl vlreloeÿf `g ufl ag`e`l olutghlr `eotl`l `gftri `g uf priogsi ku`eoelh i
priog`eaegfti l`aefestrltevi `gbgrì sgr sgr efsoretl gf hl plrte`l rgcestrlh
rgcestrlh gf `if`g oifs
oifs--
tl rgcestrl`l hl ag`e`l preaecgfel.
Oulf`i fi gs pisebhg `gtgraeflr hl oirrgspif`gfoel gftrg hl ag`e`l olutghlr
efsoretl y gh alf`lti ku`eoelh i l`aefestrltevi qug ir`gfl hl ag`e`l olutghlr ibkgti
`g vlreloeÿf pir gh aåreti `gh pripei plrtg i `g oretgreis tlhgs oiai; e`gfte`l` `g hls
plrtgs, kuzcl`i, gh fûagri `gh gxpg`egftg u itris ghgagftis, gh rgcestrl`ir siheoetlrì
hl lohlrloeÿf rgspgotevl.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 3:.
3:.- Gh usuj
usujrr uoti
Gf gh jirauhlrei qug oifstg gh loti `g usujruoti, su trlfsaeseÿf i hl oifstetu-
oeÿf `g crlvlagf sibrg åstg, `gbgrì ef`eolrsg gf qug fi gxestg primebeoeÿf `g ghhi gf
gh loti oifstetutevi `gh `grgomi `g usujruoti.
Fi priog`g hl efsorepoeÿf
efsorepoeÿf `gh usujruoti hgclh.
hgclh.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 33.
33.- Ws
Wsujr
ujruoti
uoti sibrg
sibrg looeifgs
looeifgs
Rgspgoti lh `grgomi `g usujruoti sibrg looeifgs, gh oifstetuygftg `gbgrì sgl- sgl-
hlr ag`elftg olrìotgr `g `gohlrloeÿf kurl`l qug gh loti fi oiftrlvegfg gh ploti, gstl- gstl -
tuti, i hi ef`eol`i gf hl altráouhl.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 3=.
3=.- Olab
Olabei ei `g `iaeoeh
`iaeoehei
ei
Oulf`i oulhquegrl `g hls plrtgs efsoretls vlrág su `iaeoehei, sg prgsgftlrì lh Rg- Rg-
cestri siheoetu` oirrgspif`egftg l trlvås `gh jirauhlrei `g efsorepoeÿf, gf gh qug sg ef-
`equg gh fugvi `iaeoehei.
Lrtáouhi 35.- Efsorepoeÿf, ai`eoloeÿf y gxtefoeÿf `g hl rgprgsgftloeÿf gs- gs-
pgoelh
pgoe lh plr l hl gkgouoeÿ
gkgouoeÿff `g hl clr lft
lftál
ál i vgftl
vgftl gxt rlku`eo
rlku`eoeelh `gh
`gh beg
begf
Hl efsorepoeÿf, hl ai`eoloeÿf i hl gxtefoeÿf `g hl rgprgsgftloeÿf `gbgrì `i- `i -
ouagftlrsg l trlvås `gh jirauhlrei oirrgspif`egftg `gbegf`i eftgrvgfer hls plrtgs gf
his `is preagris olsis. Gf gh supugsti `g gxtefoeÿf `gbgrì eftgrvgfer oiai aáfeai
gh lorgg`ir.
Lrtáouhi =>.- LoLotis
tis efs
efsorebebh
orebebhgs
gs si
sibr
brgg lgriflv
lgriflvgsgs
_g efsoreberìf gf gh RAO his secuegftgs lotis;
l) His oiftrltis `g utehezloeÿf rgjgre`is l lgriflvgs fi efaltreouhl`ls, qug ea-
phequgf hl trlfsjgrgfoel `g hl oif`uooeÿf tåofeol y hl olhe`l` `g gxphitl`ir `g hl
lgriflvg.
b) Ag`e`ls olutghlrgs `espugstls ku`eoelh i l`aefestrltevlagftg, clrlftáls ai-
behelrels y itris oiftrltis
oiftrltis qug eaphequgf ljgotloeÿf
ljgotloeÿf `g lgriflvgs fi efaltreouhl`ls.
o) Ag`e`ls olutghlrgs `espugstls ku`eoelh i l`aefestrltevlagftg, clrlftáls ai-
behelrels y oiftrltis qug
qug eaphequgf ljgotloeÿf `g aitirgs fi efaltreouhl`is.
efaltreouhl`is.
_ÿhi sgrìf efsorebebhgs pir jirauhlrei lqughhis lotis qug fi rgquegrlf rgquese-rgquese-
tis l`eoeiflhgs l his qug gxecg gh lrtáouhi ?0 `g hl Hgy, gf ouyi olsi gh priog`eaegfti
y phlzi sg sukgtl l gstg Rgchlagfti.

27=
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

His lotis efsorebebhgs qug rgquegrlf rgquesetis gspgoelhgs sgcûf hls firals pgr-
tefgftgs, sg sukgtlf l ghhls, lh priog`eaegfti y l his phlzis prgvestis pir gh Pgxti
Pgxti Ûfe-
oi Ir`gfl`i `gh Rgchlagfti Cgfgrlh `g his Rgcestris ^ûbheois y lh Rgchlagfti `g
Efsorepoeifgs `gh Rgcestri ^ûbheoi `g Lgriflvgs.
Hl _uflrp pi`rì gstlbhgogr oiapgtgfoel gspgoelh plrl hl olheoloeÿf `g his oif-oif-
trltis y clrlftáls rgjgre`is lh rgcestri `g lgriflvgs.
OL^ÁPWHI Z
@G HL_ EF_ORE^OE
EF_ORE^OEIFG_
IFG_ OIF
GJEOLOEL _W_^GF@E@L
Lr táouhi =<.
Lrtáouhi =<.- Clr lftáls pr
prgo
goifs
ifstetue`ls
tetue`ls
^riog`g hl prgoifstetuoeÿf `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel gf his secuegftgs olsis;
l) _ibrg begf augbhg lkgfi lftgs qug gh oifstetuygftg l`quegrl hl pripeg`l` `g
`eomi begf.
b) _ibrg begf augbhg juturi lftgs `g qug gxestl.
gxestl.
o) ^lrl lsgcurlr ibhecloeifgs juturls i gvgftulhgs.
Gf gh jirauhlrei `g efsorepoeÿf sg sglhlrì gxprgslagftg hl oluslh gf qug sg
sustgftl hl prgoifstetuoeÿf. Hl clrlftál prgoifstetue`l sg efsoreberì gf gh RAO i gf
his rgcestris kurá`eois `g begfgs, `g sgr gh olsi tgf`rì flturlhgzl `g efsorepoeÿf oif
goloel suspgf`e`l.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi =2.
=2.- Ouap heheaegfti
aegfti `g hl
hl oif`eoeÿ
oif`eoeÿff
Gf his olsis `g his hetgrlhgs l) y b) `gh lrtáouhi qug lftgog`g, se sg trltl `g uf
begf efsorebebhg
efsorebebhg gf gh Rgcestri
Rgcestri Kurá`eoi `g egfgs,
egfgs, sg
sg tgf`rì pir ouaphe`l hl oif`eoeÿf
oif hl efsorepoeÿf `gh begf l jlvir `gh oifstetuygftg lftg `eomi rgcestri, trlshl`lf`i
hl clrlftál prgoifstetue`l qug ibrl gf gh RAO lh Rgcestri Kurá`eoi `g Begfgs, oulf-
`i sg trltl `g begf juturi.
_e hl clrlftál sg rggrg l begf qug fi sg efsorebg gf gh Rgcestri Kurá`eoi `g eg-
eg -
fgs, gh oifstetuygftg
`g pripegtlrei `g hl `g
i hl olhe`l` clrlftál prgsgftlrìsgcûf
begf gxestgftg, gh jirauhlrei lsgvgrlf`i
oirrgspif`l, gf ouyisu oif`eoeÿf
aåreti gh rg-
cestrl`ir itirclrì goloel l hl clrlftál.
Gf gh olsi `gh hetgrlh o) l`quegrg goloel hl clrlftál oif hl efsorepoeÿf `g pir hi
agfis ufl ibhecloeÿf lorg`etl`l ag`elftg su `gtgraefloeÿf gf gh jirauhlrei rgspgo-
tevi. @eomi jirauhlrei pi`rì sgr itircl`i ûfeolagftg pir gh lorgg`ir se jug gxprgsl-
gxprgsl-
agftg jlouhtl`i plrl ghhi gf gh loti `g prgoifstetuoeÿf.
Gh rgcestrl`ir qug efsorebl gh ouapheaegfti `g hl oif`eoeÿf l qug gstì supg`etl-
supg`etl-
`l hl goloel `g ufl clrlftál prgoifstetue`l, gxtgf`grì `g ioei uf lsegfti gf gh qug
oifstg qug l plrter `g su gxtgfseÿf `eoml clrlftál tegfg goloel.
Lrtáouhi
Lrtáouhi ai`e
ai`eol
ol`i
`i pir gh lrt
lrtáou
áouhi
hi < `g
`g hl
hl Rgsi
Rgsihuo
huoeÿf
eÿf F» 2<5
2<5-2>
-2>>:-
>:-_WF
_WFLR^/
LR^/_F
_F
pubheol`l gh >7/>=/2>>:.

275
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

OL^ÁPWHI ZE
@GH L_EGF
L_EGFPI
PI GHGOP
GHGOPRßFEOI
RßFEOI
@G EF_ORE^OEß
EF_ORE^OEßFF
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi =?.
=?.- Ls
Lseg
egfti
fti ghgotr
ghgotrÿfeo
ÿfeoii `g clrlftáls
clrl ftáls aibehelr
aibehelr els
Gh lsegfti `g efsorepoeÿf `gh loti oifstetutevi `g clrlftál aibehelrel oiftgf`rì;
<. Fiabrg, `gfiaefloeÿf i rlzÿf sioelh, `iouagfti ioelh `g e`gfte`l`, y `i `i--
aeoehei `gh;
- @gu`ir.
- Oifstetuygftg.
- Lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i.
- @gpisetlrei.
- Rgprgsgftlftgs, oifjirag l his lrtáouhis 03 fuagrlh < y 7? fuagrlh : `g hl Hgy.
Gf gh olsi `g pgrsifls kurá`eols efsoretls `gbgrì oifsecflrsg l`gaìs hl plrte-
plrte -
`l rgcestrlh.
2. Gh fiabrg y `gsorepoeÿf gspgoáol i cgfåreol `gh begf augbhg altgrel `gh
loti kurá`eoi, sgcûf hiseloir`l`i
?. Hl rgjgrgfoel sg trltl i pir hlsufplrtgs.
fi `g begf rgcestrl`i y se jugrl gh olsi, his `ltis `g
efsorepoeÿf `gh begf augbhg4 lseaesai, su oif`eoeÿf `g pripei, lkgfi, prgsgftg i juturi.
j uturi.
0. Jiral y oif`eoeifgs `g hl gkgouoeÿf `gh begf augbhg.
7. Gh vlhir `gh begf augbhg ljgotl`i gf clrlftál aibehelrel.
:. Aifti `gtgraefl`i i `gtgraeflbhg `gh crlvlagf, `gbegf`i ef`eolr gf gstg
ûhteai olsi, gh i his oretgreis lpheolbhgs plrl su `gtgraeflbehe`l`.
3. Jgoml oegrtl `gh loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel.
=. ^hlzi `g vecgfoel `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel efsoretl `g mlbgrsg plotl`i, sgcûf
hi sglhl`i gf gh loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel.
5. His plotis gspgoelhgs efoirpirl`is gf gh jirauhlrei.

<>. Gh fiabrg
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi `gh fitlrei `gh
=0.- Oiftgfe`i
=0. y hllsegfti
jgoml
lsegfti`gh efstruagfti.
ghgotr
ghgo tr ÿfeo
ÿfeoii `g his
his `gaìs l ot is
is
Gh lsegfti ghgotrÿfeoi rgspgoti `g his lotis kurá`eois sglhl`is gf gh fuagrlh ?
`gh lrtáouhi ?2 `g hl Hgy, `gbgrì oiftgfgr hi secuegftg;
<. Hl e`gfteoloeÿf `g his plrteoeplftgs, efohuygf`i gh `iaeoehei y `iouagftis
ioelhgs `g e`gfte`l`.
2. Hl e`gfteoloeÿf y hl `gsorepoeÿf `gh begf augbhg. Hl `gsorepoeÿf sg rglhezlrì
`g jiral gspgoáol i cgfåreol `g lougr`i
lougr` i l hi gstlbhgoe`i pir hls plrtgs lseaesai,
lseae sai, `g-
`g-
bgrì `gklrsg
`gklrsg gxprgsl oifstlfo
oifstlfoel
el se sg trltl
trltl `g uf begf juturi i prgsgftg
prgsgftg,, pripei
pripei i lkgfi.
lkgfi.
Gf hl `gsorepoeÿf gspgoáol `gbgrì ef`eolrsg hl olfte`l` `g begfgs, gh tepi `g
begf `g lougr`i l hi sglhl`i gf gh lrtáouhi 0 `g hl Hgy Hgy,, y his `ltis qug pgraetlf hl ef-
ef-
`eve`ulhezloeÿf `gh begf.

2:>
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Gf hl `gsorepoeÿf cgfåreol, `gbgrì ef`eolrsg pir hi agfis gh tepi `g begf `g

lougr`i l hl rghloeÿf gstlbhgoe`l gf gh lrtáouhi lftgs ef`eol`i.
?. Hl ef`eoloeÿf `g hl jiralhe`l` qug rgvestg gh loti oifstetutevi,
0. Hl ef`eoloeÿf `g hl jgoml oegrtl `gh loti oifstetutevi, `g sgr pisebhg.
7. Gh phlzi `gh oiftrlti.
:. His plotis gspgoelhgs efoirpirl`is gf gh jirauhlrei.
3. Gh fiabrg `gh fitlrei y hl jgoml `g hl ogrteoloeÿf `gh jirauhlrei.

PÁPWHI Z
^RIOG@EAEGFPI
^RIOG@EAEG FPI RGCE_PRLH
RGCE_PRLH
GF _GCWF@L EF_PLFOEL
Lr táouhi =7.
Lrtáouhi =7.- ^r io
iog`gfo
g`gfoelel `gh rgour
rgour si `g lpghloeÿf
lpghloeÿf
^riog`g eftgrpifgr rgoursi `g lpghloeÿf oiftrl;
l) Hls tlomls sustlftevls, suspgfseifgs y heque`loeifgs jirauhl`ls pir his
rgcestrl`irgs.
b) Hl `gfgcltirel `g
`g oifvgrseÿf `g lsegfti prgvgftevi gf `gfetevi l qug sg rg- rg-
grg gh lrtáouhi 72 `g gstg Rgchlagfti.
o) Hls `goeseifgs `g his rgcestrl`irgs y ogrteol`irgs rgspgoti `g hls siheoetu`gs
`g gxpg`eoeÿf `g ogrteol`is.
Fi priog`g eftgrpi
eftgrpifgr
fgr rgoursi `g lpghloeÿ
lpghloeÿff oiftrl hls efsorepo
efsorepoeifgs
eifgs y hls
lfitloeifgs prgvgftevls gxtgf`e`ls pir `gjgoti subslflbhg i lusgfoel `g trloti
suogsevi.
Gh lpghlftg `gbgrì sglhlr gf su rgoursi `g lpghloeÿf l`gaìs `g hi gstlbhgoe`i
gf gh lrtáouhi <0: `gh Pgxti
Pgxti Ûfeoi Ir`gfl`i `gh Rgchlagfti Cgfgrlh `g his Rgcestris
^ûbheois, uf oirrgi ghgotrÿfeoi plrl gjgotis `g hl fiteoloeÿf `g lougr`i l hl prghl- prghl-
oeÿf gstlbhgoe`l gf gh lrtáouhi 2> `g hl Hgy 23000.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi =:.
=:.- Rgaes
Rgaeseÿeÿff `gh
` gh rgour
rgour si `g lpghloeÿ
lpghloeÿff
Rgoebe`i gh rgoursi, gh rgcestrl`ir priog`grì l gjgotulr hl lfitloeÿf `g lpghl-lpghl-
oeÿf gf hl plrte`l rgcestrlh rgspgotevl.
@g fi gxester lftgog`gftgs `g efsorepoeÿf gf gh Rgcestri Kurá`eoi `g Begfgs, fe gf
gh RAO, gh rgcestrl`ir lbrerì ufl plrte`l gspgoelh plrl tlhgs gjgotis y rgaeterì gh rgour-
si lh rebuflh Rgcestrlh, loiapll`i `gh tátuhi, gf uf phlzi fi alyir `g `is (2) `áls
oiftl`is `gs`g hl jgoml `g su rgogpoeÿf.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi =3.
=3.- ^hlz
^hlzii `g gxp g`e`eooeÿf
i`l Rgsihuoeÿf gaete`l pir gh rebuflh Rgcestrlh sg gxpg`erì, blki rgspifslbe-
rgspifslbe-
he`l`, gf gh phlzi `g quefog (<7) `áls mìbehgs oiftl`is `gs`g gh efcrgsi `gh gxpg`egf-
gxpg`egf-
tg l hl _gorgtlrál `gh rebuflh. Gxogpoeiflhagftg, se pir olusl `gbe`lagftg kusteol-
kusteol -
`l hl _lhl rgquegrl `g uf phlzi alyir, `gbgrì siheoetlr l hl ^rgse`gfoel `gh rebuflh
Rgcestrlh, hl lapheloeÿf oirrgspif`egftg lftgs `g vgfogrsg gh phlzi sglhl`i.

2:<
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Lr táouhi ==.
Lrtáouhi ==.- Gkgouoe
Gkgouoeÿf
ÿf `g rgs
r gsih
ihuoei
uoeifgs
fgs
Oulf`i gh rebuflh Rgcestrlh oifrag hl heque`loeÿf, `gbg fiteolrsg seauhtì-
seauhtì -
fglagftg lh lpghlftg y lh rgcestrl`ir. Gf gstg sgfte`i, gh eftgrgsl`i tgf`rì oultri (>0)
`áls oiftl`is `gs`g hl fiteoloeÿf `g hl rgsihuoeÿf rgspgotevl, plrl ouapher oif gjgo-
gjgo-
tulr gh plci `gh alyir `grgomi. Ouaphe`i `eomi rgqugreaegfti, gh rgcestrl`ir tgf`rì
trgs (>?) `áls plrl gxtgf`gr his lsegftis `g efsorepoeÿf.
Ploml`i gh tátuhi lpghl`i y vgfoe`i gh phlzi plrl hl eftgrpiseoeÿf `g hl looeÿf
oiftgfoeisi l`aefestrltevl, se gstl oirrgspif`egsg gh Rgcestrl`ir ogrrlrì hl plrte`l
gspgoelh qug sg mubegrl lbegrti oifjirag gh lrtáouhi =: `gh prgsgftg Rgchlagfti.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi =5.
=5.- ^r
^rio
iog`e
g`eaeg
aegfti
fti plr l tátuhis aext is
_if `g lpheoloeÿf plrl gh priog`eaegfti `g _gcuf`l Efstlfoel hls `espiseoeifgs
oiftgfe`ls gf gh Olpátuhi EZ `gh Pátuhi EZ `g gstg Rgchlagfti.

PÁPWHI ZE
LOOG_I ^ÛB
^ ÛBHEO
HEOII L HL EFJIRALOEßF
EFJIRALOEß F @GH
_E_PGAL EFPGCRL@
EFPGCR L@I I @G CLRLF
CLRLFPÁL_
PÁL_
U OIFPRLPI_

OL^ÁPWHI E
@G HL ^WBHEOE@L@ RGCE_PRLH
RGCE_PR LH
Lrtáouhi 5>.- @i
@iouag
ouagftis
ftis g efj
efjiraloeÿ
iraloeÿff qug bref`l gh RgcRgces
estr
trii
Pi`l pgrsifl tegfg `grgomi l siheoetlr sef gxprgseÿf `g olusl y ibtgfgr `gh Rg-
cestri, prgvei plci `g hls tlsls rgcestrlhgs oirrgspif`egftgs, hl efjiraloeÿf gxestgftg
gf gh _ECO, ag`elftg his secuegftgs agolfesais `g pubheoe`l`;
l) Hl alfejgstloeÿf `g hls plrte`ls rgcestrlhgs, vesulhezloeÿf `g his tátuhis qug
gf jiralti `ecetlh oifjiralf gh lromevi rgcestrlh, i gxmebeoeÿf `g his qug sg gfougf-
trlf gf trìaetg `g efsorepoeÿf.
b) Hl gxpg`eoeÿf `g ogrteol`is hetgrlhgs `g hls efsorepoeifgs,
efsorepoeifgs, lfitloeifgs, olf
olf--
oghloeifgs y oipels hetgrlhgs `g his `iouagftis qug mlylf sgrve`i plrl gxtgf`gr his
aesais y qug ibrlf gf sipirtg plpgh i `ecetlhezl`is gf gh lromevi rgcestrlh.
o) Hl gxpg`eoeÿf `g ogrteol`is oiapgf`eisis qug lorg`etgf hl gxestgfoel i veve--
cgfoel `g `gtgraefl`ls efsorepoeifgs i lfitloeifgs, lsá oiai lquåhhis qug `gtgrae-
fgf hl efgxestgfoel `g his aesais.
`) Hl efjiraloeÿf y ogrteoloeÿf `gh oiftgfe`i `g his `ltis `g his áf`eogs y `gh
oiftgfe`i `g his lsegftis `g prgsgftloeÿf, gf jiral ef`eve`ulhezl`l i ag`elftg oretg-
reis `g bûsqug`l i htris qug ouaphlf oif uf oretgrei prg`gtgraefl`i.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 5<.
5<.- Alfejg
Alfejgstlo
stloeÿ
eÿff
Hl Alfejgstloeÿf sg rglhezlrì;
l) rltìf`isg `g plrte`ls ghgotrÿfeols i tátuhis lromevl`is `ecetlhezl`is, ag-
ag -
`elftg gh sgrveoei `g efjiraloeÿf gf háfgl, l trlvås `g his tgraeflhgs ubeol`is gf hls
efstlhloeifgs `g hls oefls Rgcestrlhgs i l trlvås `g itris ag`eis efjiraìteois.

2:2
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

b) Gf his olsis `g
` g tátuhis
t átuhis gf trìaetg y `g tátuhis gf sipirtg plpgh, gf gh hiolh
`g hl ioefl rgcestrlh rgspgotevl y gf prgsgfoel `gh pgrsiflh gxprgslagftg jlouhtl-
jlouhtl -
`i plrl ghhi.
o) Oif hl gftrgcl `g hl eaprgseÿf `g hls plrte`ls ghgotrÿfeols vesulhezl`ls, ea-
prgseifgs `g tátuhis `ecetlhezl`is i gh rgsuhtl`i `g hl bûsqug`l gf hl blsg `g `ltis
`gh _ECO.
Lrtáouhi 52.- _iheoetu` `g Ogrteol`is
Hls siheoetu`gs sg gjgotulrìf, ag`elftg jiraltis lpribl`is pir _uflrp, gf his
oulhgs sg prgoeslrì gh prgfiabrg y lpghhe`is `gh siheoetlftg, hl ohlsg `gh ogrteol`i rg-
rg-
qugre`i, his `ltis `g efsorepoeÿf `g hl plrte`l rgcestrlh y hl efjiraloeÿf qug pgraetl
e`gfteolr gh loti i lotis ouyl pubheoe`l` sg siheoetl.
_g pi`rì tgfgr loogsi l hls siheoetu`gs vál pìcefl gb `g hl _uflrp, plrl gjgotis
`g su eaprgseÿf i usi `g his jiraltis prgoi`eol`is plrl hl siheoetu` gf háfgl u itri
ag`ei `g trlfsaeseÿf ghgotrÿfeol.
_ÿhi gf gh olsi `g fi sgr pisebhg gh oìhouhi `g his `grgomis pir gh sgrveoei, `g-
`g-
bgrì lbiflrsg gh aáfeai `g his `grgomis rgcestrlhgs gstlbhgoe`i gf gh W^ W^LL `g hl
_uflrp.
_ÿhi se gxestg vefouhloeÿf, sg pi`rì siheoetlr ogrteoloeÿf ag`elftg ûfeol siheoe-
siheoe-
tu`, rgspgoti lh RAO y lh Rgcestri Kurá`eoi `g Begfgs.
Lrtáouhi 5?.- Ohlsgs `g ogrteol`is y `gfgcltirel `g gxpg`eoeÿf `g oipel
hetgrlh
His ogrteol`is, sgcûf hl jiral `g gxpg`eoeÿf `g hl pubheoe`l`, sgrìf `g `is
ohlsgs; Hetgrlhgs y Oiapgf`eisis.
l) Hetgrlhgs; His qug sg itirclf ag`elftg hl eaprgseÿf `g hl titlhe`l` i plrtg
`g hl plrte`l rgcestrlh, i `g his `iouagftis qug `egrif aåreti plrl gxtgf`grhis. Fi sg
itirclrì oipel hetgrlh `g tátuhi gf trìaetg.
b) Oiapgf`eisis; His qug sg itirclf ag`elftg uf gxtrloti, rgsuagf i ef`eol-
oeÿf `g `gtgraefl`ls oeroufstlfoels `gh oiftgfe`i `g hls plrte`ls rgcestrlhgs, his qug
pi`rìf rgjgrersg l his crlvìagfgs i olrcls rgcestrl`ls, l `gtgraefl`is `ltis, i ls ls--
pgotisy`g
RAO hishlsrgcestris
efsorepoeifg
efsorepoeifgs
s his`gqug
kurá`eois pi`rìf oiftgfgr gh rgsuhtl`i `g hl vefouhloeÿf
begfgs. vefouhloeÿf `gh
Lrtáouhi 50.- Ogrteol`is Oiapgf`eisis gf gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g
Oiftrltis
His ogrteol`is oiapgf`eisis qug sg gaetgf rgspgoti l hl efjiraloeÿf gxes- gxes-
tgftg gf gh RAO, sif his secuegftgs;
l) Ogrteol`is pisetevis ; His qug lorg`etlf lh tegapi `g su gxpg`eoeÿf hl efs- efs -
orepoeÿf i lfitloeÿf `g `gtgraefl`l clrlftál, oiftrlti u itri loti qug ljgotg uf begf
augbhg fi efsoreti, itircl`i pir `gtgraefl`l pgrsifl.
b) Ogrteol`is fgcltevis ; His qug lorg`etlf lh tegapi `g su gxpg`eoeÿf hl fi
efsorepoeÿf i lfitloeÿf `g clrlftál, oiftrlti u itri loti qug ljgotg uf begf augbhg fi
efsoreti, itircl`i pir `gtgraefl`l pgrsifl.

2:?
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

o) Ogrteol`is `g vecgfoel ; His qug lorg`etlf lh tegapi `g su gxpg`eoeÿf hl ve-

ve-
cgfoel `g ufl lfitloeÿf prgvgftevl, clrlftál prgoifstetue`l i hl efsorepoeÿf `gh fia-
brlaegfti `g rgprgsgftlftg,
rgprgsgftlftg, sgcûf hl efjiraloeÿf
efjiraloeÿf qug ef`equg gh siheoetlftg.
siheoetlftg.
`) Ogrteol`is oiapgf`eisis `g crlvlagf pir pgrsifl ; His qug gxprgslf hl
titlhe`l` `g olrcls, crlvìagfgs y ti`i oiftrlti qug eaphequg ljgotloeÿf `g `gtgrae-
`gtgrae-
fl`i begf augbhg
gxpg`eoeÿf fi efsoreti,
sg gfougftrgf itircl`i pir `gtgraefl`l pgrsifl, qug l hl jgoml `g su
vecgftgs.
Hl ogrteoloeÿf oiapgf`eisl `g crlvlagf tlabeåf pi`rì, l siheoetu` `g plrtg,
efohuer efsorepoeifgs i lfitloeifgs fi vecgftgs.
g) Ogrteol`is `g bûsqug`l ; ^ug`gf sgr `g tepi seaphg, rgspgoti l lftgog`gf -
tgs `g efsorepoeÿf, i oiaphgkls se tegfgf vlreis oretgreis `esteftis oiai pir plrteoeplf-
tg, oif`eoeifl`is pir jgomls, pgrei`is u itri oretgrei `g gftrl`l. labeåf
labeåf pi`rì sihe-
sihe-
oetlrsg bûsqug`ls oif oretgreis oiabefl`is.
Lrtáouhi 57.- Ogrteol`is oiapgf`eisis gf his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g Begfgs
His ogrteol`is oiapgf`eisis gf his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g egfgs sg sgcuerìf
gaetegf`i oifjirag l sus rgchlagftis y gf his tåraefis qug sglhl gh gxti feoi
Ir`gfl`i `gh Rgchlagfti Cgfgrlh `g his Rgcestris ^ûbheois. L`eoeiflhagftg sg pi-
`rìf gaeter his secuegftgs ogrteol`is;
l) Ogrteol`i oiapgf`eisi `g lftgog`gftgs `iaefelhgs ; His qug gxprgslf hl
mestirel `iaefelh `gh begf, `gh preagr lh ûhteai pripegtlrei, i l plrter `g hl jgoml qug
ef`equg gh siheoetlftg.
b) Ogrteol`i oiapgf`eisi `g mestirelh
mestirelh `g crlvìagfgs ; His qug gxprgslf
gxprgslf gh
gh ti-
ti-
tlh `g olrcls y crlvìagfgs `gh begf, i `gftri `g uf rlfci `g jgoml qug sglhg gh si- si -
heoetlftg, oif prgsoef`gfoel `g su vecgfoel. Gf gstg olsi, gh rgcestrl`ir i ogrteol`ir
`gbg `gklr oifstlfoel `g hl vecgfoel i fi `g hl olrcl i crlvlagf.
o) Ogrteol`is `g bûsqug`l ; ^i`rìf gaetersg oif vlreis oretgreis `g bûsqug`l,
tlhgs oiai; plrteoeplftg, jgomls, pgrei`is u itri oretgrei. L`gaìs, pi`rì siheoetlrsg
bûsqug`ls oif oretgreis
oretgreis oiabefl`is.
Lrtáouhi 5:.- Jiral `g gxpg`eoeÿf `g his ogrteol`is
His ogrteol`is
eaìcgfgs, sg gxpg`erìf
rgpirtgs ghgotrÿfeois, utehezlf`i,itri
i oulhquegr jitioipels, eaprgseÿf
ag`ei e`ÿfgi `g `iouagftis
`g rgpri`uooeÿf, oifi
hl ef`eoloeÿf `gh `ál y mirl `g su gxpg`eoeÿf4 `gbegf`i sgr lutirezl`is i gf su olsi
ral`is ghgotrÿfeolagftg pir gh Rgcestrl`ir i Ogrteol`ir.
labeåf pi`rì gftrgclrsg gh oiftgfe`i `g hl ogrteoloeÿf gf sipirtg alcfåteoi
u ÿpteoi i oulhquegr itri `espisetevi `g lhalogflaegfti `g `ltis4 i rgaetersg vál Sgb
Sgb
l hl `ergooeÿf ghgotrÿfeol ef`eol`l pir gh siheoetlftg. ^lrl gstis gjgotis hl _uflrp gs-
tlbhgogrì ag`elftg `ergotevl his priog`eaegftis qug lorg`etgf hl eftgcre`l` y lbehe-
lbehe-
`l` `g hl efjiraloeÿf ogrteol`l.
Lrtáouhi 53.- Eapisebehe`l` `g ogrteoloeÿf oiapgf`eisl
_e gh lsegfti i plrte`l rgcestrlh ibkgti `gh ogrteol`i oiapgf`eisi fi ijrgoegrl
hl suoegftg ohlre`l` sibrg su oiftgfe`i gh rgcestrl`ir i ogrteol`ir `gbgrì trlfsoreber

2:0
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

hetgrlhagftg i gxpg`er oipel `gh lsegfti i plrte`l, `gklf`i oifstlfoel `gh aitevi qug
irecefl hl gxpg`eoeÿf `g uf ogrteol`i hetgrlh y fi ogrteol`i oiapgf`eisi.
Lrtáouhi 5=.- ^hlzi plrl gxpg`er ogrteol`is
His ogrteol`is sg gaeterìf `gftri `g hls 0= mirls `g sgr siheoetl`is, slhvi lquå-
lquå-
hhis qug pir su gxtgfseÿf u itrl olusl kusteol`l rgquegrlf `g uf alyir phlzi plrl su
gxpg`eoeÿf, gf ouyi olsi, gh rgcestrl`ir i ogrteol`ir, `gbgrì `lr ougftl lh supgreir
kgrìrqueoi. Hl _uflrp pi`rì gstlbhgogr phlzis `esteftis sgcûf his tepis `g fevghgs `g
loogsi l qug sg rggrg gh lrtáouhi <>2 `g gstg Rgchlagfti.
Lrtáouhi 55.- Ogrteol`is oif oiftgfe`i efgxloti
Oulf`i his ogrteol`is l qug sg rggrg gstg tátuhi fi sglf oifjirags i loir`gs,
sgcûf gh olsi, oif hls plrte`ls rgcestrlhgs, sg gstlrì l hi qug rgsuhtg `g åstls ûhteals,
sef pgrkueoei `g hl rgspifslbehe`l` qug pug`l `gtgraeflrsg rgspgoti lh rgcestrl`ir i
ogrteol`ir y `gaìs pgrsifls qug eftgrvefegrif gf su priogsi.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi <>
<>.- @e
@eso
sorgplfoel
rgplfoel gftr
gftr g gh
gh tátuhi
tátuhi lromev
lromevl`i
l`i y gh lse
lsegfti
gfti gh
ghgo
gotr
tr ÿfe
ÿfeoi
oi
_e gxestegsg `esorgplfoel gftrg gh tátuhi lromevl`i y gh lsegfti ghgotrÿfeoi, prgvl-
hgogrì jrgftg l tgrogris hl efjiraloeÿf oiftgfe`l gf åstg ûhteai sef pgrkueoei, qug gh rg-
rg-
cestrl`ir i ogrteol`ir lutirezl`i `espifcl hi fgogslrei plrl gjgotulr hl rgoteoloeÿf.
Lrtáouhi <><.
<-. Gjg
Gjgootis `g hl
hl pubheo
pubheoe`l` rgces
rgcestr
tr lh jiralh
jiralh
His ogrteol`is qug gxtegf`gf hls ioefls rgcestrlhgs lorg`etlf hl gxestgfoel
i efgxestgfoel `g efsorepoeifgs i lfitloeifgs prgvgftevls vecgftgs gf gh Rgcestri lh
tegapi `g su gxpg`eoeÿf.
Gf gh olsi `g lfitloeifgs prgvgftevls gxtgf`e`ls gf vertu` `gh lrtáouhi ?: `g hl
Hgy, his ogrteol`is `gbgrìf gxprgslr hl olusl qug aitevl hl lfitloeÿf prgvgftevl y
su phlzi. Gf gh olsi `g clrlftáls prgoifstetue`ls `gbgrìf gxprgslr hl oif`eoeÿf l qug
gstì sukgtl su goloel.
Gf his olsis gf his qug gf hl plrte`l rgcestrlh gxestlf lfitloeifgs prgvgftevls
ol`uols qug lûf fi mlylf se`i olfoghl`ls, `gbgrì ef`eolrsg gf gh ogrteol`i qug `e-`e -
omls lfitloeifgs fi surtgf fefcûf gjgoti fe gfgrvlf hl jg pûbheol rgcestrlh pir mlbgr-
sg gxtefcue`i `g phgfi `grgomi.
Hl gxestgfoel `g tátuhis pgf`egftgs `g efsorepoeÿf gf gh RAO i gf gh Rgcestri Ku-
rá`eoi `g egfgs, i `upheoe`l` `g efsorepoeifgs, fi eape`g hl gxpg`eoeÿf `g uf ogrte
ogrte--
ol`i, gf ouyi olsi åstg `gbg oiftgfgr hl ef`eoloeÿf `g hl gxestgfoel `g tátuhi pgf`egf-
tg i `g hl `upheoe`l` y hls prgoeseifgs i lohlrloeifgs oirrgspif`egftgs plrl fi ef`uoer
l grrir l tgrogris sibrg hl setuloeÿf `g hl plrte`l rgcestrlh.

OL^ÁPWHI EE
@G HL
H L ^WBHE
^WBHEOE
OE@L@
@L@ AL_EZL
AL_EZL U RGHLOEI
RGH LOEIFLH
FLH
Lrtáouhi <>2.
2-. Fev
evgh
ghggs `g lo
loog
ogsi
si
Hls oifsuhtls qug sg gjgotûgf l hl blsg `g `ltis `gh _O sg sukgtlrìf l his se-
se -
cuegftgs fevghgs `g loogsi;

2:7
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

l) Oifsuhtl cgfgrlh.
b) Oifsuhtl rglhezl`l pir efstetuoeifgs
efstetuoeifgs `g orå`eti, irclfezloeifgs
irclfezloeifgs luxehelrgs `gh
orå`eti, gfte`l`gs flfoegrls, oiagroelhezl`irls y `gaìs pgrsifls gf jlvir `g queg-
queg-
fgs sg oifstetuylf crlvìagfgs sibrg uf begf augbhg, oif gh ibkgti `g itirclr his
orå`etis.
o) Oifsuhtl rglhezl`l plrl usis gstl`ásteois, sef pripiroeiflr efjiraloeÿf
ef`eve`ulhezl`l.
`) Oifsuhtls `esteftls l hls sglhl`ls, segaprg y oulf`i hl _uflrp lutireog gx-
gx-
prgslagftg gh usi `g hl efjiraloeÿf oifjirag l hls hgygs y rgchlagftis lpheolbhgs.
lpheolbhgs.
Lrtáouhi <>?.
?-. Bûsqug
ûsqug`ls
`ls aûhteph
aûhtephgs
gs y rghlo
rghloei
eifl`ls
fl`ls
Hls ogrteoloeifgs qug pi`rì gaeter gh rgcestrl`ir i ogrteol`ir `g hl blsg gs-
gs -
truoturl`l `gh _O pi`rìf blslrsg gf oretgreis `g bûsqug`l oif ipgrl`irgs rghloei-
rghloei-
flhgs y htris oiaphgkis, `g ai`i tlh, qug gh rgsuhtl`i pug`g irclfezlrsg sgcûf his
oretgreis siheoetl`is.
His oretgreis `g bûsqug`l pug`gf efvihuorlr lcruploeifgs seaphgs i louauhl-
oeifgs oiaphgkls qug efohuygf `ltis eftgrrghloeifl`is, gf `ltis fuaåreois i gf tgxti,
ir`gflf`i his rgsuhtl`is pir ir`gf `g rghgvlfoel, pgrái`i, jgoml i oulhquegr itri ore-
tgrei `g gftrl`l l ghgooeÿf `gh siheoetlftg.
Lrtáouhi <>0.
0-. Ai
Ai`g`ghhis `g bûs
bûsqug
qug`l
`l
His ai`ghis `g lprixealoeÿf i vestls `gh ufevgrsi `g efjiraloeÿf gxestgftg
gf gh _O gs `evgrsi sef pgrkueoei, qug hl _uflrp pug`l prg`gfer ai`ghis `g oif-
oif-
suhtls i bûsqug`ls pgrsiflhezl`ls, oif rgsuhtl`is `g aûhtephgs pgrspgotevls, plrl su
pubheoloeÿf y usi.
Lrtáouhi <>7.
7-. Alfejg
Alfejgstlo
stloeÿ
eÿff `g `ltis
`ltis `gh
`gh _e
_estg
stgal
al Eftgcrl`i `g Clr lftáls
y Oiftr
Oiftr ltis
Hls alfejgstloeifgs blsl`ls gf `evgrsls oiabefloeifgs `g gftrl`ls plrl ibtg-
fgr `ejgrgftgs lfìheses `g his `ltis qug oiftegfg gh _O, sg htrlf lutiaìteolagftg
`g ai`i tlh, qug fi eapheolf lfìheses `g rgsuhtl`i pir plrtg `gh rgcestrl`ir i ogrte-
ogrte -
ol`ir, quegfgs sg heaetlf l pubheoetlr hls vestls `g `ltis.
Hl siheoetu` `g pubheoe`l` fi eapheol hl ibhecloeÿf `g hl _uflrp `g orglr i pri-
`uoer efjiraloeÿf oif hl qug fi ougftg lh aiagfti `g gjgotulrsg gh pg`e`i. Gf gstg
olsi, gh rgcestrl`ir i ogrteol`ir `gbgrì oiaufeolr pir gsoreti qug hl `gfgcltirel `g
hl siheoetu` sg `gbg l hl efgxestgfoel `g `ltis rgspgoti `g hl efjiraloeÿf siheoetl`l i
gstruoturl`l gf his tåraefis `gh oretgrei `g bûsqug`l efcrgsl`i.
Lrtáouhi <>:.- Ogrteol`i Rgcestrlh Aibehelrei (ORGA)
Gh Ogrteol`i Rgcestrlh Aibehelrei (ORGA) oifsecfl ti`l hl efjiraloeÿf `gh
RAO y `g his Rgcestris Kurá`eoi `g Begfgs vefouhl`is l ufl pgrsifl. Gf olsi `g `u`l
sibrg hl vefouhloeÿf `g `gtgraefl`i loti, sg iptlrì pir prgsuaer, l`aetegf`i prugbl
gf oiftrlrei, hl vefouhloeÿf priog`egf`i gh rgcestrl`ir i ogrteol`ir l efohuer `eomi
loti gf gh agfoeifl`i Ogrteol`i.

2::
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Lrtáouhi <>3.- Oiftgfe`i y ohlsgs `gh Ogrteol`i Rgcestrlh Aibehelrei

(ORGA)
Gh Ogrteol`i Rgcestrlh Aibehelrei (ORGA) gxprgslrì ti`is his begfgs augbhgs
`g his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g egfgs y ti`is his oiftrltis, clrlftáls y `gaìs ljgotl-
ljgotl -
oeifgs gf hls qug ufl pgrsifl sg gfougftrg gf olhe`l` `g plrteoeplftg, oif hl ef`eol-
oeÿf `g his
`g plrtg, gftátuhis pgf`egftgs
hls secuegftgs gf trìaetg, `g sgr gh olsi. ^ug`g sgr gaete`i, l siheoetu`
ohlsgs;
l) ORGA `g lotis vecgftgs ; Gs gh ogrteol`i qug gxprgsl hl titlhe`l` `g beg- beg-
fgs augbhgs ouyl tetuhlre`l` rgcestrlh rgolg gf ufl pgrsifl, lsá oiai ti`is his lotis
y oiftrltis vecgftgs gf `if`g ml eftgrvgfe`i, efohuygf`i lfitloeifgs g efsorepoeifgs
oif goloel suspgf`e`l.
b) ORGA mestÿreoi ; Gs gh ogrteol`i qug gxprgsl, l`gaìs `g hl efjiraloeÿf
oifsecfl`l gf gh efoesi l) qug lftgog`g, ti`is his begfgs, lotis y oiftrltis gf qug hl
pgrsifl ml eftgrvgfe`i, oif prgsoef`gfoel `g su vecgfoel, efohusevg se gf hl jgoml gf
qug sg gxpe`g yl fi gs tetuhlr `gh begf augbhg. Gf gstg olsi gh rgcestrl`ir i ogrteol
ogrteol--
`ir `gklrì oifstlfoel `g hl fi vecgfoel i fi tetuhlre`l` rgcestrlh oulf`i oirrgspif`l.
o) ORGA oif`eoeifl`i ; Gs gh ogrteol`i qug gxprgsl ti`l hl efjiraloeÿf `gh
RAO y `g his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g Begfgs vefouhl`is l ufl pgrsifl, oif`eoeifl`i
l `gtgraefl`i tepi `g begf, pgrái`i, jgoml i oulhquegr itri htri i oretgrei `g gftrl`l.
L jlhtl `g gstepuhloeÿf `gh siheoetlftg, sg prgsuag qug sg siheoetl gh ogrteol`i l
qug sg rggrg gh hetgrlh l) `gh prgsgftg lrtáouhi.
Lrtáouhi <>=.
=-. Lphpheeolo
loeeÿf `g itrls
itrls firals
firals
^lrl gjgoti `g hls lohlrloeifgs y rgoteoloeifgs `g hls ogrteoloeifgs, sg gstl- gstl -
rì l hi `espugsti pir gh gxti
gxti feoi r`gfl`i `gh Rgchlagfti gfgrlh `g his Rgces- Rgces-
tris ^ûbheois.
Gf olsi `g loogsi l itris tepis `g efjiraloeÿf fi gspgoeol`is gf gh prgsgf- prgsgf-
tg Olpátuhi, pi`rìf sgr siheoetl`is ag`elftg his priog`eaegftis `g loogsi l hl efjir -
aloeÿf pûbheol.
Lrtáouhi <>5.
5-. ^r
^ric
icrgse
rgseve
ve`l`
`l` gf gh sg
sgrr ve
veoe
oeii `g pubheo
pubheoe`l`
e`l`
Gh loogsi
tg átuhi l hl efjiraloeÿf
`gslrrihhl, sgrì gaete`i oiftgfe`l gf gh _ECOsupg`etl`i
gf jiral pricrgsevl, gf his tåraefis qug gh prgsgf-
lh ouapheaegfti `g
oif`eoeifgs efjiraìteols `g ipgrlteve`l` y gstruoturloeÿf `g hl blsg `g `ltis.

PÁPWHI ZEE
OIFPGFE@I @GH LROMEZI RGCE_PRLH
RGC E_PRLH
U _W OIF_GRZLOEßF
Lr táouhi <<>
Lrtáouhi <<>.- Efstruagfti
Efstruagftiss qug eftg
eftgcrlf
crlf gh lrome
lromevi
vi rgc
rgces
estrlh
trlh
Gh lromevi rgcestrlh gstì oifstetue`i pir;
l) Hls plrte`ls rgcestrlhgs qug oifstlf gf `esois ÿpteois u itris `espisetevis `g
lhalogflaegfti.

2:3
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

b) His efstruagftis qug mlf `l`i aåreti l hls hls efsorepoeifgs.

o) Hls blsgs `g `ltis y his lsegftis `g prgsgftloeÿf irclfezl`is.
Lrtáou
Lr táouhi
hi <<
<<<.- Jiral `g lromevlr
lromevlr hi
hiss tátuhi
tátuhiss
His `iouagftis l qug sg rggrg gh hetgrlh b) `gh lrtáouhi qug lftgog`g, sg lrome-
lrome-
vlrìf pir ir`gf orifihÿceoi `g prgsgftloeÿf y sg aeoricrlblrìf `g lougr`i l hls fir-
als qug rgcuhlf gh usi `g tgofihicáls lvlfzl`ls gf altgrel `g lromevis `g `iouagf-
tis g efjiraloeÿf.
Gf tlfti, fi pug`l rglhezlrsg `eomi priogsi, hl _uflrp pi`rì `espifgr gh
lromevlaegfti `g `eomis `iouagftis l trlvås `g sipirtg plpgh i sestgals `g rgpri-
`uooeÿf efjiraìteol i aeoricrlbloeÿf, qug sg oifsgrvlrìf gf hl ioefl rgcestrlh gf
qug mlylf se`i prgsgftl`ls.

PÁPWHI ZEEE
PRLF_JGR
PRLF_ JGRGFOEL
GFOEL ^IR GK
G KG O WO E ß F
G]PRLKW @EOEL
@EOELH
H @G CLRL
CLRLFPÁL
FPÁL AIBEHELREL
Pátuhi efoirpirl`i pir gh lrtáouhi 2 `g hl Rgsihuoeÿf F» >52-2><>-_WFLR^/_F
pubheol`l gh 23/>0/2><>.
Lrt áouhi
Lrtáo uhi <<2
<<2.-
.- Pátuhi jir
jir alh
Hl efsorepoeÿf `g hl trlfsjgrgfoel pir gkgouoeÿf gxtrlku`eoelh `g hl clrlftál ai-
behelrel sg rglhezlrì gf aåreti `g hl gsoreturl pûbheol i lotl fitlrelh `g trlfsjgrgfoel
itircl`l pir gh rgprgsgftlftg fiabrl`i plrl tlh gjgoti y oif hl eftgrvgfoeÿf `gh tgr-
ogri l`queregftg i `gh lorgg`ir l`ku`eoltlrei, sgcûf gh olsi.
Lrtáouhi <<?.- Oiftgfe
Oiftgfe`i`i `gh tátuhi ji
jirr alh
Gh tátuhi efsorebebhg `g gkgouoeÿf gxtrlku`eoelh `gbgrì oiftgfgr hls `gohlrloeifgs
`gh rgprgsgftlftg gf gh secuegftg sgfte`i;
l. ug gh prgoei `g vgftl i vlhir `g hl l`ku`eoloeÿf fi gs efjgreir l hls 2/? plr-
tgs `gh vlhir oiagroelh `gh begf lh tegapi `g hl vgftl, sgcûf gstlbhgog blki slfoeÿf `g
fuhe`l` gh fuagrlh 2 `gh lrtáouhi 03 `g hl Hgy.

veh hisb.eapirtgs
\ug sg ml ouaphe`i
l his qug sg oif oifsecflr
rggrg l hl ir`gf
gh fuagrlh `gh Kugz 03
0 `gh lrtáouhi Gspgoelhezl`i gfgxester
gf
`g hl Hgy, `g hi Oe-
Oe-
clrlftáls aibehelrels lftgreirgs i pistgreirgs l hl qug sg gkgoutl.
o. \ug sg ml ouaphe`i oif his priog`eaegftis y rgchls gstlbhgoe`ls gf his lrtáou-
his 03 y 7? `g hl Hgy, sgcûf oirrgspif`l.
Lrtáo
Lrt áouhi
uhi <<0
<<0.-
.- Efsor
Efsorepoe
epoeÿf
ÿf `g hl tr lfsjgrgfoe
lfsjgrgfoell y olfoghloe
olfoghloeÿf
ÿf `g hl clrlft
clr lftál
ál
Hl trlfsjgrgfoel pir gkgouoeÿf gxtrlku`eoelh `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel sg efsore-
berì gf gh Rgcestri Kurá`eoi `g egfgs `if`g sg gfougftrl rgcestrl`i gh begf i begfgs
altgrel `g gkgouoeÿf, `lf`i aåreti l`gaìs l hl olfoghloeÿf `g hl clrlftál gkgoutl`l.
_e sg trltl `g begfgs fi rgcestrl`is, hl gkgouoeÿf gxtrlku`eoelh `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel
sihi `lrì aåreti l gxtgf`gr gf gh rgcestri aibehelrei `g oiftrltis hl olfoghloeÿf `g hl
clrlftál gkgoutl`l, se gh itirclftg lsá hi siheoetl.

2:=
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Gf gh olsi qug hl clrlftál aibehelrel sg gfougftrg efsoretl gf aìs `g uf Rgces -

tri Kurá`eoi `g Begfgs, i gf ufi `g gstis y gf gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis, gh
tátuhi `gbgrì sgr prgsgftl`i pir gh @elrei Floeiflh. Gh Rgcestrl`ir gs oiapgtgftg plrl
hl efsorepoeÿf gf ti`is his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g Begfgs eapheol`is y gf su olsi, gf
gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis.
Lrtáouhi <<7.- Efsor
fl`i l tgrogris Efsorepoe
epoeÿf
ÿf `g hl
hl tr lfsjg
lfsjgrr gfoe
gfoell oulf`i
oulf` i gh
gh begf
begf ml se`i gflk
gflkg-
g-
Hl trlfsjgrgfoel pir gkgouoeÿf gxtrlku`eoelh sgrì efsorebebhg efohusi se gh begf
ljgoti l hl clrlftál ml se`i trlfsjgre`i l tgrogri, segaprg qug hl clrlftál i su prg-
oifstetuoeÿf mlyl se`i efsoretl oif lftgreire`l` l `eoml trlfsjgrgfoel. labeåf sgrì
efsorebebhg luf oulf`i sg mlyl efsoreti ufl trlfsjgrgfoel gf gkgouoeÿf `g ufl clrlftál
aibehelrel pistgreir l hl qug gf gkgouoeÿf prgtgf`g efsorebersg.
Hl gkgouoeÿf gxtrlku`eoelh y hl oifsgougftg l`ku`eoloeÿf `gh begf i begfgs altg-
rel `g clrlftál aibehelrel iolseiflrì gh hgvlftlaegfti `g hl clrlftál gkgoutl`l pgri gf
fefcûf olsi gh hgvlftlaegfti `g itris crlvìagfgs pistgreirgs l åstg.

PÁPWHI E]
OIFPRLPI_
OIFPRL PI_ @G @GRGOMI
@GRG OMI @G W_I _IBRG
BEGFG_ AWGBHG_
A WGBHG_ @G_PEFL@I_
@G_P EFL@I_ L HL ^G\WGÜL
^G\WG ÜL
AEFGRÁ
AE FGRÁL
L U AEFGRÁL
AEFGR ÁL LRPG_LFLH
FI EFALPRE
EFALPREOWHL@
OWHL@I_I_ GF GH RGCE_PRI
RG CE_PRI @G
BEGFG_ AWGBHG_
Pátuhi efoirpirl`i, l plrter `gh <7/>7/2><?, pir gh lrtáouhi 2 `g hl Rgsihuoeÿf
F» >5<-2><?-_WFLR^/_F pubheol`l gh >0/>7/2><?.
Lrtáouhi <<:.- Lfitloe
Lfitloeÿfÿf pr gv
gvgftev
gftevll `g his oiftr
oiftr ltis sibr
sibr g `grgomi `g usi
Oulf`i gh begf augbhg `gstefl`i l hl pgqugl aefgrál i aefgrál lrtgslflh fi
gs `g pripeg`l` `g quegf rglhezl hl loteve`l` aefgrl pgri tegfg gh `grgomi `g usi `gh
agfoeifl`i begf gf ufl oifogseÿf aefgrl i `g bgfgoei, oiai tetuhlr `g hl oifogseÿf
i tetuhlr `gh oiftrlti `g ogseÿf i `g gxphitloeÿf, sg pi`rì lfitlr prgvgftevlagftg gf
gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis gh oiftrlti qug lorg`etg gh `grgomi `g usi sibrg gh
begf oiai gh lrrgf`laegfti,
lrrgf`laegfti, gh lrrgf`laegfti
lrrgf`laegfti flfoegri y itris
itris `g seaehlr flturlhgzl.
His `grgomis rgcestrlhgs pir lfitloeÿf prgvgftevl oirrgspif`gf l uf loti efvl-
hirl`i pir oiftrlti.
Lrtáouhi <<3.- ^hlzi `g lfitloeÿf
lfitloeÿf pr gv gvgftev
gftevll `gh oiftr
oiftr lti sibrg `grgomi
`g usi
Hl lfitloeÿf prgvgftevl l qug sg rggrg gh prgsgftg átuhi tegfg ufl vecgfoel `g
sges (>:) agsgs oiftl`is `gs`g hl jgoml `gh lsegfti `g prgsgftloeÿf.
Lrtáou
Lr táouhi
hi <<=.
<<=.- Ploml sustlftevl
sustlf tevl `g tátuhi ve
vefouhl`i
fouhl`i l hl lfitloeÿf
lfitloeÿf pr gv
gvgftevl
gftevl
Gf olsi sg prgsgftg siheoetu` `g efsorepoeÿf rghloeifl`i oif gh loti i `grgomi
pubheoetl`i gf hl plrte`l rgcestrlh
rgcestrlh lbegrtl
lbegrtl gf vertu` `g hl lfitloeÿf
lfitloeÿf prgvgftevl
prgvgftevl rgcuhl`l
gf gh prgsgftg átuhi, gh Rgcestrl`ir priog`grì l jirauhlr hl tloml sustlftevl `gh tátuhi.

2:5
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Lrtáouhi <<5.- Pátuhi plrl hl lfitloeÿf

lfitloeÿf prgv
pr gvgfte
gftevl
vl `gh oiftrlt
oiftrltii sibrg
sibrg `grg-
`gr g-
omi `g usi
^lrl hl lfitloeÿf prgvgftevl `gh oiftrlti `g lrrgf`laegfti, lrrgf`laegfti flf-
flf-
oegri y itris `g seaehlr flturlhgzl, sibrg uf begf augbhg `gstefl`i l sgr utehezl`i gf hl
pgqugl
pgqug l aefgrál
aefgrál i aefgrál
aefgrál lrtgs
lrtgslflh,
lflh, sg `gbgrì
`gbgrì prgsg
prgsgftlr
ftlr hl
hl secuegft
secuegftgg `iouagft
`iouagftloeÿf;
loeÿf;
l) Gh efstruagfti
hl `gsorepoeÿf pûbheoi
`gh begf pir qugbegf
tepi `g jiralhezl gh oiftrlti,
i alqueflrel, alrol gh youlh `gbgrì
fûagri `g oiftgfgr
sgreg, gh
fûagri `g hl plrte`l rgcestrlh y oefl Rgcestrlh gf `if`g oirrg efsoretl hl oifogseÿf
`if`g gh begf i hl alqueflrel sgrì usl`l, y gh `estreti `if`g sg ubeol hl oifogseÿf ae-
ae-
fgrl i `g bgfgoei.
b) Gh olrci `gh jirauhlrei `g siheoetu` `g lutirezloeÿf
lutirezloeÿf `g efeoei i rgefeoei `g lo-
teve`l`gs `g gxphirloeÿf, gxphitloeÿf y/i bgfgoei `g aefgrlhgs gaete`l pir gh i- i -
begrfi Rgceiflh i hl @ergooeÿf Cgfgrlh `g Aefgrál `gh Aefestgrei `g Gfgrcál y Ae-
fls, sgcûf oirrgspif`l.
Lrtáouhi <2>.- Oiftg
Oiftgfe`i
fe`i `gh
`gh lseg
lsegfti
fti `g lfitloe
lfitloeÿf
ÿf prgvgftev
prgvgftevll `gh oiftrl
oiftrl ti
sibr
si br g `grgomi `g usi
Gh lsegfti `g lfitloeÿf prgvgftevl `gh oiftrlti `g lrrgf`laegfti, lrrgf`laegf-
ti flfoegri y itris `g seaehlr flturlhgzl, l`eoeiflhagftg l hi sglhl`i gf gh lrtáouhi
7> `gh W `gh Rgchlagfti gfgrlh `g his Rgcestris ^ûbheois, oiftgf`rì;
<. Hl e`gfteoloeÿf `g his plrteoeplftgs, efohuygf`i gh `iaeoehei y `iouagftis
ioelhgs `g e`gfte`l`.
2. Hl e`gfteoloeÿf `gh begf augbhg sglhlf`i gh tepi `g begf i alqueflrel,
alrol, y fûagri `g sgreg.
?. Gh fûagri `g hl plrte`l rgcestrlh `if`g oirrg efsoretl hl oifogseÿf aefgrl i
`g bgfgoei `if`g gh begf i alqueflrel sgrì usl`l, lsá oiai hl `gfiaefloeÿf `g hl
agfoeifl`l oifogseÿf.
0. Gh `estreti `if`g sg ubeol hl oifogseÿf aefgrl i `g bgfgoei.
7. Hl ef`eoloeÿf `gh phlzi `g vecgfoel `g hl lfitloeÿf prgvgftevl.
Lrtáouhi <2<.- Oifvgrseÿf `g hl lfitloeÿf prgvgftevl gf efsorepoeÿf `gfe- `gfe-
tevl `gh oiftr
oiftr lti sibrg `grgo
`gr gomi
mi `g usi
Gh Rgcestrl`ir
`gfetevl gjgotulrìlhhlRgcestri
oulf`i sg prgsgftg oifvgrseÿf `g hl lfitloeÿf
Aibehelrei prgvgftevl
`g Oiftrltis, `gftrigf`gh
efsorepoeÿf
phlzi `g
vecgfoel `g hl lfitloeÿf, hl oipel ogrteol`l fitlrelhagftg i lutgfteol`l pir jg`ltl-
jg`ltl-
rei `g hl oefl Rgcestrlh `g hl rgsihuoeÿf qug lutirezl gh efeoei i rgefeoei `g loteve -
`l`gs `g gxphirloeÿf, gxphitloeÿf y/i bgfgoei `g aefgrlhgs itircl`l pir gh ibegr-
fi Rgceiflh i hl @ergooeÿf Cgfgrlh `g Aefgrál `gh Aefestgrei `g Gfgrcál y Aefls, sg-
cûf oirrgspif`l.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi <22.
<22.- Ol`
Ol`uoe`l`
uoe`l` `g lfitloeÿf
lfitloeÿf prgvgftevl
prgvgftevl `gh oi
oiftr
ftr lti sibr
sibrgg `gr
`gr g-
omi `g usi
_e `urlftg hl vecgfoel `g hl lfitloeÿf prgvgftevl `gh oiftrlti `g lrrgf`laegfti,
lrrgf`laegfti flfoegri, y itris `g seaehlr flturlhgzl fi sg hhgclrl l rgcestrlr su oif-
oif-
vgrseÿf gf efsorepoeÿf `gfetevl gf gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis, `eoml lfitl-
lfitl-
oeÿf ol`uolrì `g phgfi `grgomi.

23>
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Lr táouhi <2?.
Lrtáouhi <2?.- Oiftgfe`i `gh lsegfti
lsegfti `g oifvgrseÿ
oifvgrseÿff `g
` g hl lfitloeÿf
lfitloeÿf pr
p r gv
gvgf-
gf-
tevl gf efsorepoeÿf `gfetevl `gh oiftrlti sibrg `grgomi `g usi
Gh lsegfti `g oifvgrseÿf `g hl lfitloeÿf prgvgftevl gf efsorepoeÿf `gfetevl `gh
lrrgf`laegfti, lrrgf`laegfti flfoegri y itris `g seaehlr flturlhgzl, l`eoeiflhagf-
l`eoeiflhagf-
tg l hi sglhl`i gf gh lrtáouhi 7> `gh W `gh Rgchlagfti gfgrlh `g his Rgcestris
^ûbheois, oiftgf`rì;
<. Hl e`gfteoloeÿf `g his plrteoeplftgs, efohuygf`i gh `iaeoehei y `iouagftis
ioelhgs `g e`gfte`l`.
2. Hl e`gfteoloeÿf `gh begf augbhg sglhlf`i gh tepi `g begf i alqueflrel,
alrol, y fûagri `g sgreg.
?. Gh fûagri `g hl plrte`l rgcestrlh `if`g oirrg efsoretl hl oifogseÿf aefgrl i
`g bgfgoei `if`g gh begf i hl alqueflrel sgrì usl`l, lsá oiai hl `gfiaefloeÿf `g
hl agfoeifl`l oifogseÿf.
0. Gh `estreti `if`g sg ubeol hl oifogseÿf aefgrl i `g bgfgoei.
7. Hl ef`eoloeÿf `gh phlzi `gh oiftrlti.
@E_^I_EOEIFG_ OIA^HGAGFPLREL_ JEFLHG_

^REAGRL; Gh rgcestrl`ir `g ^grsifls Flturlhgs fi l`aeterì blki fefcûf oif- oif-

ogpti uf pi`gr gspgoáoi g errgviolbhg itircl`i l uf tgrogri plrl rglhezlr y jiralhe-
jiralhe-
zlr hl trlfsjgrgfoel `g uf begf augbhg ljgoti gf clrlftál aibehelrel, blki his lholfogs
`gh lrtáouhi 03 fuagrlh < `g hl Hgy
Hgy..
lapioi sg l`aeterì gh pi`gr prgvesti gf gh lrtáouhi 7? fuagrlh : `g hl Hgy rgs-
rgs-
pgoti `gh pi`gr gspgoáoi g errgviolbhg itircl`i l uf rgprgsgftlftg oiaûf
oiaûf plrl qug
gf olsi `g efouapheaegfti priog`l l susoreber hl `iouagftloeÿf fgogslrel plrl hl
trlfsjgrgfoel `gh begf augbhg ljgoti gf clrlftál aibehelrel oulf`i sg mubegrg loir`l-
`i ploti oiaesirei.
_GCWF@L; Hl blsg `g `ltis `gh _O sgrì tlabeåf lheagftl`l pir hls gfte`l- gfte`l-
`gs qug l`aefestrlf rgcestris kurá`eois `g begfgs, hls oulhgs `gbgrìf pricrlalr gh usi
`g uf sestgal efjiraìteoi l`goul`i plrl hl olpturl, lhalogflaegfti, ousti`el, sgcu-
sgcu-
re`l`, oifsuhtl, rgpri`uooeÿf y trlfsaeseÿf `g hl efjiraloeÿf.
PGROGRL; Oifstetuygf tátuhi efsorebebhg his `iouagftis prevl`is oif rals
hgclhezl`ls gxtgf`e`is, gf vertu` `g hi rgcuhl`i gf gh lrtáouhi <3: `g hl Hgy F» 2:3>2
- Hgy gfgrlh `gh _estgal eflfoegri y `gh _estgal `g _gcuris y rcìfeol `g hl _u- _u-
pgreftgf`gfoel `g Blfol
Blfol y _gcuris.
@espiseoeÿf efoirpirl`l pir gh lrtáouhi 2 `g hl Rgsihuoeÿf F» 2<5-2>>:-
_WFLR^/_F pubheol`l gh >7/>=/2>>:.
OWLRPL; His jirauhlreis `g efsorepoeÿf `lf aåreti suoegftg plrl gh rgces- rgces -
tri `g his lotis gf gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis y gf his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g
egfgs oifjirag l hl prgsgftg firal, gf ltgfoeÿf l hi sglhl`i gf hl Hgy F» 2=:33 y
gh @gorgti _uprgai F» ><2-2>>:-KW_.
@espiseoeÿf efoirpirl`l pir gh lrtáouhi ? `g hl Rgsihuoeÿf F» 2<5-2>>:-
_WFLR^/_F pubheol`l gh >7/>=/2>>:.

23<
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

@E_^I_EOEIFG_ OIA^HGAGFPLREL_ PRLF_EPIREL_

^REAGRL; Gf tlfti fi oifohuyl hl eaphgagftloeÿf `g hl eftgroifgxeÿf `g his
sestgals `g itrls gfte`l`gs `esteftls l hl _uflrp oif gh _O, åstls rgaeterìf l hl _u-_u -
flrp his `ltis `g his lsegftis `g prgsgftloeÿf gf his priog`eaegftis gf trìaetg y `g
efsorepoeÿf rgjgre`is l his lotis efsorebebhgs gstlbhgoe`is gf hl Hgy
Hgy,, sgcûf sgl gh olsi.
^lrl tlh gjgoti, sg oghgbrlrìf his oifvgfeis eftgrefstetuoeiflhgs oirrgspif`egftgs.
_GCWF@L; Hl _uflrp lutirezlrì pricrgsevlagftg hl utehezloeÿf `g his ag`eis
ghgotrÿfeois ef`eol`is gf gh prgsgftg Rgchlagfti.
PGROGRL; Fi priog`gf aìs efsorepoeifgs gf gh Rgcestri esolh `g gftls l
^hlzis fe `g prgf`ls gspgoelhgs l plrter `g hl gftrl`l gf vecgfoel `g hl Hgy, l gxogp-
oeÿf `g his tátuhis gf trìaetg.
OWLRPL; His priog`eaegftis rgcestrlhgs y l`aefestrltevis efeoel`is gf gh Rg-
cestri esolh `g gftls
gftls l ^hlzis lftgs `g hl gftrl`l gf vecir `g hl Hgy
Hgy,, sg rgcerìf pir hl
firaltevl lftgreir mlstl su oifohuseÿf. His oiftrltis efsoretis gf gh agfoeifl`i rg-
cestri pi`rìf sgcuer gh priog`eaegfti `g gkgouoeÿf prgvesti oif lftgreire`l` l hl Hgy.
\WEFPL; Hls ai`eoloeifgs i lapheloeifgs `g his oiftrltis `g vgftls l phl- phl-
zis y lrrgf`laegftis-vgftls qug prgtgf`lf efsorebersg l plrter `g hl vecgfoel `g hl
Hgy, sg `gbgrìf l`goulr l hl aesal, y sg efsoreberìf gf gh RAO oulf`i sg rggrlf
l begfgs fi rgcestrl`is, y gf his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g Begfgs oulf`i oirrgspif`l.
_G]PL; Hl _uflrp `espif`rì hl aecrloeÿf `g hl efjiraloeÿf
e fjiraloeÿf qug oifstl gf his
Rgcestris qug sg gxtefcugf pir alf`lti `g hl Hgy lh RAO i l his Rgcestris Kurá`eois
`g Begfgs qug oirrgspif`lf.
_ÅPEAL; Gf tlfti sg eaphgagftg gh lromevi rgcestrlh ogftrlhezl`i, his tátuhis lrome-
vl`is `gh RAO sgrìf oifsgrvl`is gf hl oefl Rgcestrlh gf `if`g jugrif prgsgftl`is.
IOPLZL; Gf tlfti fi sg gfougftrg gf jufoeiflaegfti gh _estgal Eftgcrl`i `g
Clrlftáls y Oiftrltis, gf his efstruagftis qug sg prgsgftgf lh Rgcestri, rgjgre`is l
clrlftáls aibehelrels sibrg slh`is `g ougftls, `gpÿsetis blfolreis u itris `g flturl-
hgzl lfìhicl, `gbgrì lorg`etlrsg, hl oifstlfoel `g oiaufeoloeÿf prgvel l hl gfte`l` - -
flfoegrl l`aefestrl`irl `gh begf itircl`i gf clrlftál, segaprg qug åstl fi mlyl ef-
tgrvgfe`i gf gh loti.
Hl oifstlfoel sg lorg`etl ag`elftg sghhi `g rgogpoeÿf u itri ag`ei seaehlr qug
uteheog gh sestgal flfoegri oifsecfl`i gf gh jirauhlrei i efsgrtl`i gf gh efstruagf-
efstruagf-
ti qug efcrgsg lh rgcestri.
@espiseoeÿf efoirpirl`l pir gh lrtáouhi 0 `g hl Rgsihuoeÿf F» 2<5-2>>:-
_WFLR^/_F pubheol`l gh >7/>=/2>>:.

LFG]I_
gr Lfgxis gf gh `elrei ioelh Gh ^grulfi `g jgoml 2:/>7/2>>:.

232
 L^RWGBLF
AIBEH
AI PIL_L_
PL_
BEHELRE
ELREI L_OIFPR
@G OL^HE
L^HEOLBHG
IFPRLOLBHG_
LPI
PI___ULH
LHRGCE_PR
RGC E_PRI
ALI
_E_PGAL
_E_PG
EFPGCR
EFPG CRL@
L@II @G CLRLFPÁL_
CLRLFPÁ L_ U OI
OIFPRL
FPRLPI
PI__
@GORGPI _W^RGAI F» ><?-2>>:-KW_
(2?/>:/ 2:)
>:)
GH ^RG_E@GFPG @G HL RG^ÛBHEOL
OIF_E@GRLF@I;
ug, gh Lrtáouhi 0: `g hl Hgy F» 2=:33, Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel lsá oiai
su \ueftl @espiseoeÿf Prlfsetirel, `espifg qug hl _upgreftgf`gfoel Floeiflh `g his
Rgcestris ^ûbheois, pripifcl `gftri `g his fivgftl `áls `g pubheol`l hl Hgy, hl fugvl
gstruoturl
oeÿf `g hls`g tlsls,
tlsls lpheolbhgvecgftgs
rgcestrlhgs lh Rgcestri Aibehelrei
gf his Rgcestris`gKurá`eois
Oiftrltis,
`g lsá oiai hl l`goul-
Begfgs4
\ug, hl firal oetl`l orgl gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis gf gh qug sg efs-
oreberìf hls clrlftáls y oiftrltis rgspgoti `g begfgs augbhgs fi rgcestrl`is gf lhcûf
Rgcestri Kurá`eoi `g egfgs segf`i qug gf tlh rgcestri, sg efsoreberìf his lotis qug
lotulhagftg oirrgspif`gf l his rgcestris (e) `g ^rgf`l Lcráoihl, (ee) ^rgf`l Ef`us-
trelh, (eee) ^rgf`l Chiblh y Jhitlftg, (ev) ^rgf`l Aefgrl y (v) Rgcestri Jesolh `g Zgf-Zgf-
tls l ^hlzis, lsá oiai clrlftáls y oiftrltis `g itris begfgs augbhgs fi rgcestrl`is,
rgsuhtlf`i fgogslrei gstlbhgogr hl tlsl lpheolbhg lh sgrveoei `g efsorepoeÿf y pubheoe-
`l` plrl gstg rgcestri4
ug, lseaesai, hl Hgy F» 2=:33 orgl gh _estgal ftgcrl`i `g lrlftáls y Oif- Oif-
trltis, qug ufeolrì hl efjiraloeÿf gxestgftg sibrg `eomls altgrels gf gh Rgcestri Ai- Ai-
behelrei `g Oiftrltis lsá oiai gf ti`is his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g Begfgs, segf`i fg-
ogslrei gstlbhgogr hl tlsl qug oirrgspif`grì pir oifogpti `g pubheoe`l` rgcestrlh qug
sg itircug l trlvås `g gstg sestgal eftgcrl`i4
ug, l`eoeiflhagftg, hl Hgy F» 2=:33 gstlbhgog qug oulf`i hls clrlftáls y oif- oif -
trltis agfoeifl`is gf gh lrtáouhi ?2 rgoleclf gf begfgs rgcestrl`is gf lhcûf Rgcestri
Kurá`eoi `g egfgs, sg efsoreberìf gf hl oirrgspif`egftg plrte`l rgcestrlh `g begfgs `g-
`g -
tgraefìf`isg hugci `g hl gvlhuloeÿf oirrgspif`egftg, qug hl tlsl lpheolbhg pir sgrve sgrve--
oeis `g efsorepoeÿf y pubheoe`l` sgrì hl qug lotulhagftg sg vegfg oibrlf`i gf `eomis
rgcestris4
Gf usi `g hls jlouhtl`gs oifjgre`ls pir gh fuagrlh = `gh Lrtáouhi <<= `g
hl Oifstetuoeÿf ^iháteol `gh ^grû, hl Firal EZ `gh Oÿ`eci Prebutlrei, y pir hl Hgy
F» 2=:33

23?
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

@GORGPL;
Lrtáouhi <.- Lpribloeÿf `g Plsls
Plsls Rgcestr
Rgcestrlhgs
lhgs
Lpriblr hls Plsls Rgcestrlhgs lpheolbhgs lh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis, lsá
oiai lh _estgal ftgcrl`i `g lrlftáls y Oiftrltis oifjirag l his Lfgxis <,2 y ?
qug jiralf plrtg `gh prgsgftg @gorgti _uprgai.
Lrtáouhi 2.- G xt gfs
fseeÿf `g Pls
Plsls
ls
Hls lsls vecgftgs gf his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g egfgs, sg lpheolrìf l hl efs-
efs-
orepoeÿf y pubheoe`l` `g hls clrlftáls y oiftrltis l qug sg rggrg gh lrtáouhi ?2 `g hl
Hgy F» 2=:33, qug oiftefulrìf efsorebeåf`isg gf hls plrte`ls `g his Rgcestris Kurá`e-
Kurá`e-
ois `g Begfgs.
Lrtáouhi ?.- Rg
Rgjjrgf`i
Gh prgsgftg @gorgti _uprgai sgrì rgjrgf`l`i pir gh Aefestri `g Kusteoel y gh Ae
Ae--
festri `g Goifiaál y Jeflfzls.

@E_^I_EOEßF OIA^HG
OIA ^HGAGFPL
AGFPLREL
REL JEFLH
JEFLH
Ûfeol.- Gh prgsgftg @gorgti _uprgai gftrlrì gf vecgfoel l plrter `gh
`gh `ál se-
se-
cuegftg lh `g su pubheoloeÿf.
@E_^I_EOEßF PRLF_EPIREL
^lrl his lotis prgsgftl`is oif lftgreire`l` l hl vecgfoel `g hl prgsgftg firal
gf gh alroi `g hl gkgouoeÿf `g hl Hgy F» 2=:33, sg lpheolrìf hls tlsls oiftgfe`ls gf gh
@gorgti _uprgai F» >?3-50-KW_.
Pgxti sgcûf jg `g grrltls pubheol`l gh 23/>:/2>>:.
@l`i gf hl Olsl `g Cibegrfi, gf hl oeu`l` `g Heal, l his vgefte`ÿs `áls `gh ags `g ku-
fei `gh li `is aeh sges.
LHGKLF@RI PIHG@I
^rgse`gftg Oifstetuoeiflh `g hl Rgpûbheol
LHGKLF@RI PW@GHL OMI^EPGL
Aefestri `g Kusteoel
JGRFLF@I [LZLHL HIABLR@E
Aefestri `g Goifiaál y Jeflfzls

230
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

LFG]I F» <
PL_L_ ^LRL HI_ _GRZEOEI_ @G EF_ORE^OEßF GF GH RGCE_PRI AIBEHELREI @G OIFPRLPI_
@GRGOMI_ RGCE_PRLHG_
LOPI_ RGCE_PRLH G_ @G @G
O I F _ P E P W O E ß F , A I @ E J E O LO E ß F U O L F O G H L O E ß F O L H E J E O L O E ß F EF_ORE^OEßF (*)
RGCE_PRI AIBEHELREI @G OIFPRLPI_
Clrlftáls, Olrcls y Oiftrltis;
- Hl clrlftál aibehelrel.
- His lotis rghltevis l su ai`ejeoloeÿf i gvgftulh ogseÿf.
- Olfoghloeÿf `g clrlftál
- ^rg oifstetuoeÿf `g Clrlftál Aibehelrel.
- Prlfsaeseÿf `gh loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel.
- Olfoghloeÿf `g lsegfti `g efsorepoeÿf.
- Hls rgsihuoeifgs ku`eoelhgs, lrbetrlhgs i l`aefestrltevls rgjgre`ls l hl clrlftál aibehelrel.
- Ag`e`ls olutghlrgs
- Ogseÿf `g `grgomis
- J e ` ge o ia e si s <. 7/<>>> `gh
- L r r gf` lae gft i >. 20% WEP aift i `gh lot i
- L r r gf`lae gft i j e flfoe gr i v lh i re z lbh g
- Hglsgblod
- Oiftrltis `g oifsecfloeÿf
- Oiapriaesi `g oiftrltlr
- Oiftrltis `g ipoeÿf
- Wsujruoti
- Wsi
- Itris lotis kurá`eois gf his qug sg ljgotgf begfgs augbhgs.

Itris lotis.

- Ai`ejeoloeÿf `g `iaeoehei `g hls plrtgs.

- O ifvg r se ÿf `g lfit loe ÿf pr gvg ft e vl gf `gj ef et ev l. >.20% WEP
- Gjeoloel `g hl clrlftál.
- Itris.

(*) Gh aifti aáfeai l oibrlr pir `grgomi

`grgomi `g efsorepoeÿf gf gh Rgcestri Aibehelre
Aibehelreii `g Oiftrltis i gf his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g Begfgs,
rgspgoti l hls clrlftáls y oiftrltis prgvestis gf hl Hgy F» 2=:33, gs >.20% `g hl WEP.

_ l f g l a e g f t i ` g Pr l o t i E ft g rr u a p e ` i Plsl
(R K B ) Olhej eoloe ÿf E fsor ep oeÿ f
<.?>% WEP +
_/.<>.>> (pir
Lfit lo e ÿf ^r gvgft e vl `g _lf glae gf ti `g Prlo ti >.7>% WEP o l` l f it e j e o l o e ÿ f ) * *
** His oistis
oistis `g pubheoloeÿf
pubheoloeÿf `g his lvesis,
lvesis, sgrìf
sgrìf lsuae`is
lsuae`is pir gh usulrei.
usulrei.
HE O G H
G^

LFG]I F» 2

PL_L_ RGCE_PRLHG_ @G ^WBHEOE@L@ @GH RGCE_PRI AIBEHELREI @G OIFPRLPI_

_GRZEOEI_ @GRGOMI_ RGCE_PRLHG_
E - ^WBHEOE@L@ OGRPEJEOL@L % WEP @GPLHHG
<. OI^EL HEPGRLH @G ^LRPE@L RGCE_PRLH >. 0 < Mlstl 2 mikls y pir mikl l`eoei- flh >.<:% `g hl WEP o/u
2. OGRP
OGRPEJEOL
EJEOL@I_
@I_U OIF_P
OIF_PLFOE
LFOEL_
L_
2.< Ogrtej
Ogrtejeol
eol`i
`i ^is
^isete
etevi
vi >.7? pir pgrsifl
2.2 Og
Ogrt
rteje
ejeol`
ol`ii Fgclt
Fgcltevievi >.7? pir pgrsifl
2.? @uph
@upheol`i
eol`i ``gg Oifstlfo
Oifstlfoel el `g Efsorep
Efsorepoeÿf
oeÿf i Lfitloe
Lfitloeÿf
ÿf `g >.0= pir `upheol`i `g oifstlfoel i lfitloeÿf `g efsorepoeÿf
efsorepoeÿf.
2.0 Ogrte
Ogrtejeol`i
jeol`i Oiapgf
Oiapgf`eisi
`eisi `g Crlvlag
Crlvlagff pir pgrsi
pgrsifl
fl >.:7 pir ogrtejeol`i
2.7 Ogr
Ogrtej
tejeol
eol`i
`i `g Zec
Zecgfo
gfoel
el >.:7 pir ogrtejeol`i
2.: Efjira
Efjiraloeÿf
loeÿf `gh
`gh oiftgfe`i
oiftgfe`i ef`eve`ulh
ef`eve`ulhezl`i
ezl`i `g his `ltis
`ltis `g áf`eogs
áf`eogs >.<? pir mikl
i `g lsegftis `g prgsgftloeÿf
?. OI^EL HEPGRLH @G PÁPWHI LROMEZL@I >. < ? pir mikl
0. BÛ_\WG@L >. 2 0 pir bûsqug`l

237
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

EE - ^WBHEOE@L@ _EA^HG I FI OGRPEJEOL@L

<. ALFEJG_P
ALFEJG_PLOEIFG
LOEIFG__ I OI^EL_ EFJIRAL
EFJIRALPEZ
PEZL_
L_
<.< ^lrte`l
^lrt e`l Rg
Rgce cest
strl
rlhh >.<? pir mikl
<. 2 @el re i >.<? pir mikl
<.? Zesulhezlo
Zesul hezloeÿf
eÿf `g tátuhi
tátuhi lromev
lromevl`i
l`i gf jiral
jiralti
ti `ecetlh
`ecetlh >.<? mlstl ag`el mirl
<.0 @g tát
tátuhi
uhiss gf
gf trìa
trìaetg etg >.<? pir tátuhi
<.7 Pátu
Pátuhi
hi LrLrom
omevl
evl`i
`i >.>:7 pir mikl

<.: Efjira
Efjiraloeÿf
loeÿf `gh
`gh `g
i `g lsegftis oiftg
oiftgfe`i
fe`i ef`eve`ulh
ef`eve`ulhezl`i
prgsgftloeÿf ezl`i `g
`g his `ltis
`ltis `g áf`eogs
áf`eogs >.<> pir mikl
2. BÛ_\WG@L >.<: pir bûsqug`l

EEE - ^WBHEOE@L@ AL_EZL

AL_EZL
l) Zihuagf `g Efjiraloeÿf sih eoetl`l (pir pgrsifl) b) Oipels pir ufe `l` o) % @G WEP
(Gf Fugvis _ihgs)
2> l < >> > .> 7 > 2. 5 0
<>< l 7> > > .> 0 7 ?.7?
7>< l < ,> > > >. > 0 > 0.<2
< , > >< l <>,>>> > .> ? > 0. 3 <
<> ,>>< l 7>,>>> > .> 2 > 3. 5 0
7>,>>< l <>>,>>> > .> < 7 < 7 . 75
<>>,>>< l aìs > .> < > ? > . ==
Plsl aìxeal ufl WEP
^lrl `gtgraeflr gh aifti jeflh `g hl tlsl `g pubheoe`l` alsevl, pir ufe`l` (b) sg auhtepheol pir gh vihuagf `g efjiraloeÿf siheoetl`l sgcûf gh
rlfci (l) y sg sual gh `grgomi `g trlaetloeÿf (o).
Aifti `g tlsl 1 (bxl)+o.

LFG]I F» ?
PL_L_ RGCE_PRLHG_ @G ^WBHEOE@L@ @GH _E_PGAL EFPGCRL@I @G CLRLFPÁL_ U OIFPRLPI_
_GRZEOEI_ @GRGOMI_ RGCE_PRLHG_
E - ^WBHEOE@L@ OGRPEJEOL@L % WEP @GPLHHG
<. OGRPEJEOL@I RGCE_PRLH AIBEHELREI (ORGA) >. : 7 ^ir hl preagrl mikl y pir mikl l`eoeiflh >.20% `g hl WEP o/u
l) Lotis vecgftgs, b) Mestÿreoi y o) oif`eoeifl`i
EE ^WBHEOE@L@ _EA^HG I FI OGRPEJEOL@L
<. BÛ_\WG@L >. 0 < ^ir hl preagrl mikl y pir mikl l`eoeiflh >.<:% `g hl WEP o/u

EEE - ^WBHEOE@L@ AL_EZL

l) Zihuagf `g Efjir aloeÿf siheoetl`l (pir pgrsifl) b) Oipels pir ufe`l` o) % @G WEP
(Gf Fugvis _ihgs)
2> l < >> > .> 7 > 2 . 50
< >< l 7> > > .> 0 7 ? . 7?
7 >< l < ,> > > >. > 0 > 0 . <2
< , >> < l <>,>>> > .> ? > 0 . 3<

<>,>>< l 7>,>>> > .> 2 > 3 . 50

7>,>>< l <>>,>>> > . >< 7 < 7. 7 5
< > > , > >< l aìs > . >< > ? >. = =
Plsl aìxeal ufl WEP
^lrl `gtgraeflr gh aifti jeflh `g hl tlsl `g pubheoe`l` alsevl, pir ufe`l` (b) sg auhtepheol pir gh vihuagf `g efjiraloeÿf siheoetl`l sgcûf gh
rlfci (l) y sg sual gh `grgomi `g trlaetloeÿf (o).
Aifti `g tlsl 1 (bxl)+o.

23:
 RGCHLAGFPI
RGC HLAGFPI @G EF_
@G E F_ORE
@G ^RI^EG
^RI^ ORE^OEI
EG@L@^OEIFG_
@L@ FG_ @GH RGC
ZGMEOWHLR
ZGMEO WHLR RGCE_PRI
E_PRI
RG_IH WOEßF @GH _W^GR
RG_IHWOEßF _W^GREFPGF@GFPG
EFPGF@GFPG FLOEIFLH @G@G HI _
RGCE_PRI_ ^ÛBHEOI_ F» >?5-2><?-_WFLR^/_F
(2>/ >2/ 2<?)
><?)
Heal, <7 `g jgbrgri `g 2><?
estis, gh fjirag F» s/f-2><2-_WFLR^/OA_F, `gh >5 `g iotubrg `g 2><2,
gh Agairìf`ua F» <0<<-2><2-_WFLR^/, `gh 2< `g `eoegabrg `g 2><2, gh oei
F» <3=-2><?-AO/<7, `gh <= `g gfgri `g 2><?, gh Agairìf`ua F» >70-2><?-_W >70-2><?-_W--
FLR^/H, `gh 2= `g gfgri `g 2><?,2><?, y gh fjirag F» ><<-2><?-_WFL
><<-2><?-_WFLR^/R,
R^/R, `gh 25
`g gfgri `g 2><?
OIF_E@GRLF@I;
\ug, hl _upgreftgf`gfoel Floeiflh `g his Rgcestris ^ûbheois - _WFLR^,
_WFLR^, Ircl-
fesai Påofeoi Gspgoelhezl`i `gh _gotir Kusteoel, tegfg pir ibkgti `eotlr hls piháteols
tåofeoi l`aefestrltevls `g his Rgcestris ^ûbheois, gstlf`i gfolrcl`l `g phlfeolr, ir-
clfezlr, firalr,
firalr, `erecer, oiir`eflr y supgrveslr hl efsorepoeÿf y pubheoe`l` `g his lotis
y oiftrltis gf his Rgcestris ^ûbheois qug eftgcrlf gh _estgal Floeiflh, gf gh alroi `g
uf priogsi `g seapheoloeÿf, eftgcrloeÿf y ai`grfezloeÿf `g his Rgcestris
\ug, rgspgoti `gh Rgcestri `g ^ripeg`l` Zgmeouhlr
Zgmeouhlr sg gfougftrl vecgftg gh rgchl-
agfti qug jug lpribl`i pir Rgsihuoeÿf F» >=3-2>>0-_WFLR^/_F y qug gf gh trlfs- trlfs-
oursi `gh tegapi ml sujre`i `evgrsls ai`eoloeifgs sef gablrci, fi rgoicg hls `es- `es-
piseoeifgs qug `g alfgrl pgralfgftg
pgralfgftg `eotl
`eotl gh Aefestgrei `g Prlfspirtgs y Oiaufeol-
Oiaufeol-
oeifgs oif eapheolfoels gf gh Rgcestri4
\ug, gf gsg sgfte`i, fi sÿhi sg oifse`grl hls rgjgre`ls firals tåofeols, sefi qug
sg mlf tgfe`i gf ougftl his rgtis qug trlg hl firaltevl `g eapirtloeÿf `g vgmáouhis,
`g trlfsjiraloeÿf, `g oerouhloeÿf pir hls váls pûbheols, lsá oiai hl fgogse`l` `g oif-
tefulr oif hl eaphgagftloeÿf `g agkirls tgofihÿceols g efjiraìteols gf hl bûsqug`l
`g alyir lcehe`l` y sgcure`l` `g hls efsorepoeifgs4
ug, `g lougr`i oif hls oiaufeoloeifgs sglhl`ls gf gh fjirag F» ><<-
2><?-_WFLR^/R, sg mlf rgoebe`i oiagftlreis i sucgrgfoels `g hl alyirál `g hls
Cgrgfoels Rgcestrlhgs `g his ßrclfis @gsoifogftrl`is `g hl _WFLR^ y usulreis gx-
tgrfis, y l`gaìs, gf hl oeu`l` `g Heal sg irclfezÿ gh tlhhgr `g Rgcestrl`irgs ^ûbheois
plrl `esouter his prefoeplhgs pribhgals qug tegfg hl firalteve`l`
firalteve`l` `gh Rgcestri
Rgcestri `g ^ri-
peg`l` Zgmeouhlr4
Zgmeouhlr4 lpirtgs qug mlf se`i oifse`grl`is g efoirpirl`is plrl hl gvlhul-
oeÿf y lpribloeÿf pir gh @ergotirei `g hl _WFLR^4

233
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

\ug, gf gsl háfgl, sg ml oifse`grl`i oifvgfegftg `gslrrihhlr g eaphgagftlr gh

‘Jiralti `g Efaltreouhloeÿf Ghgotrÿfeoi‑ gf his priog`eaegftis `g efaltreouhloeÿf
`g vgmáouhis `gstefl`is l oerouhlr gf hl rg` velh `gh _estgal Floeiflh `g Prlfspirtg
Pgrrgstrg (_FPP)4
ug, hl _WFLR^ gstì rglhezlf`i hls cgsteifgs y looeifgs fgogslrels oif gh pri-
pri-
pÿsetirgcestrlh4
oeÿf `g velbehezlr hl utehezloeÿf
utehezl
pir ghhi, oeÿfoiftefûg
aegftrls `g hl ral
su `ecetlh gf his priog`eaegftis
eaphgagftloeÿf, `g efsorep
efsorep-
ufl vgz oiaphgtl`l hl-
efjiraloeÿf gf gh iralti `g faltreouhloeÿf Ghgotrÿfeoi sg `gbgrì eapreaer plrl
hl ral `gh tetuhlr pug`l sgr ogrteol`l fitlrelhagftg
\ug, gh agfoeifl`i jiralti pgraetg qug gh pripei l`aefestrl`i oiaphgtg hl
efjiraloeÿf fgogslrel plrl hl efaltreouhloeÿf `gh vgmáouhi, eape`egf`i hl gxestgf-
oel `g grrirgs altgrelhgs eaputlbhgs lh Rgcestri y jloehetlf`i hl efsorepoeÿf `g jiral
aìs gxpg`etevl
ug, `gftri `g hl jufoeÿf `g olheoloeÿf rgcestrlh, sg ml gstlbhgoe`i hls secuegf-
secuegf-
tgs bûsqug`ls; gf hl rg` eftgroifgotl`l l fevgh floeiflh -plrl prgvgfer hl `ibhg efal-
treouhloeÿf-, gf gh L`ulgb y Rgcestri Lutiaìteoi gmeouhlr
gmeouhlr -plrl vgreolr hl lu-
lu-
tgfteoe`l` `g hl efjiraloeÿf g efoirpirlr hls olrlotgrásteols rgcestrlbhgs `gh vgmáouhi-,
gf gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis -plrl hl vgreoloeÿf `g qug gh vgmáouhi fi tgf- tgf-
cl clrlftál aibehelrel u itrl ljgotloeÿf-, gftrg itrls4
ug, `g itrl plrtg, sg ml prgoesl`i qug his ogrteol`is oiapgf`eisis y hls bûs-bûs-
qug`ls sg gxpe`gf sibrg hl blsg `g hl efjiraloeÿf pripiroeifl`l l trlvås `g his ola-
pis gstruoturl`is ibtgfe`is
ibtgfe`is `g alfgrl lutiaìteol pir gh sestgal
sestgal efjiraìteoi `gh Rg-
Rg-
cestri `g ^ripeg`l` Zgmeouhlr4
Zgmeouhlr4 pugs, `eomi sestgal tegfg alyir prgpif`grlfoel gf hl
rgoihgooeÿf `g efjiraloeÿf plrl hl gxpg`eoeÿf `g his ogrteol`is oiapgf`eisis
\ug, sg ml rgcuhl`i gh phlzi `g subslfloeÿf oulf`i gh sgrveoei `g pubheoe`l`
rgcestrlh fi pug`g sgr bref`l`i pir olusl eaputlbhg lh l`aefestrl`i, blki lpgroebe-
aegfti `g oifohuseÿf `gh priog`eaegfti pir lblf`ifi oifjirag l hls `espiseoeifgs
`g hl Hgy F» 23000, Hgy `gh ^riog`eaegfti L`aefestrltevi
L`aefestrltevi gfgrlh
ug, gxestg hl fgogse`l` `g efoirpirlr agkirls gf hls mgrrlaegftls efjiraìteols
plrl hl gxpg`eoeÿf `g pubheoe`l` rgcestrlh4 rlzÿf pir hl oulh, sg ml pripugsti hls se-
cuegftgs
oetu`gs `geaphgagftloeifgs gf pir
pubheoe`l` rgcestrlh gh sestgal; ef`eve`ulhezloeÿf
ol`l sgrve`ir `g hl lsecfloeÿf
`gh ìrgl `g pubheoe`l`, `g sihe-
`estefoeÿf `g
hls siheoetu`gs `g pubheoe`l` `g lougr`i l his phlzis plrl su gxpg`eoeÿf i subslfloeÿf
y mlbehetloeÿf `g uf tgxti hebrg plrl qug his ogrteol`irgs pug`lf lcrgclr efjiral-
efjiral-
oeÿf i mlogr lohlrloeifgs gf his ogrteol`is oiapgf`eisis
\ug, `gftri `g hl gstruoturl `gh fugvi Rgchlagfti `g Efsorepoeifgs `gh Rgcestri
`g ^ripeg`l` gmeouhlr
gmeouhlr sg ml prgvesti uf átuhi gspgoáoi vefouhl`i lh sestgal floei
floei--
flh `g trlfspirtg tgrrgstrg, gf `if`g, oifstl hl rgcuhloeÿf sibrg hl tlrkgtl `g e`gfteol-
e`gfteol-
oeÿf vgmeouhlr, gh `upheol`i `g ir`gf `g ceri plrl hl jlbreoloeÿf `g hl phlol ûfeol fl-
oeiflh `g ri`lkg, hl rgcrlbloeÿf `gh fûagri `g aitir `gh vgmáouhi, gh olabei vihuf-
tlrei `g hl tlrkgtl `g e`gfteoloeÿf vgmeouhlr, hl lotulhezloeÿf `gh usi `gh vgmáouhi, lsá
oiai gh olabei `g phlol ûfeol floeiflh `g ri`lkg `gh vgmáouhi4

23=
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

ug, gf gh olsi `gh oiftgfe`i `g hl tlrkgtl `g e`gfteoloeÿf vgmeouhlr,

vgmeouhlr, sg ml ghe-
ghe -
aefl`i hl ef`eoloeÿf `gh tetuhlr rgcestrlh y su `iaeoehei, pugs gf gh Rgchlagfti `g ^hl-
ol feol Floeiflh `g Ri`lkg, lpribl`i pir @gorgti _uprgai F» ><3-2>>=-AO, sg
ml jlouhtl`i l hl _WFLR^ hl `gtgraefloeÿf `gh oiftgfe`i `g hl tlrkgtl `g e`gfteol
e`gfteol--
oeÿf vgmeouhlr4

meouhlrug, `eomls ai`eoloeifgs

sg sustgftlf gf gh`g
gf qug hl flhe`l` oiftgfe`i `g hl `g
hl gxpg`eoeÿf tlrkgtl `g e`gfteoloeÿf
hl tlrkgtl vg --
vg-
oifsestg gf pgr
aeter hl e`gfteoloeÿf i ef`eve`ulhezloeÿf `gh vgmáouhi, als fi hl `gtgraefloeÿf `g
queåf gs gh pripegtlrei y l`gaìs, his ÿrclfis ku`eoelhgs y `g cibegrfi gquáviolagftg
oifse`grlf oiai pripegtlrei `gh vgmáouhi l quegf lplrgog gf hl tlrkgtl sef gstealr qug
gf his olsis `g trlfsjgrgfoels `g pripeg`l` pistgreirgs y qug sif efsoretls gf gh Rg-
cestri `g ^ripeg`l` fi sg rgquegrg hl gftrgcl `g hl tlrkgtl lftgreir, rlzÿf pir hl oulh,
pug`gf oigxester vlrels tlrkgtls `gh aesai vgmáouhi oif `ejgrgftg ef`eoloeÿf `g tetu-
hlrgs rgcestrlhgs aìxeag oulf`i hl efsorepoeÿf `g hl trlfsjgrgfoel `g pripeg`l` gf
gh Rgcestri `g ^ripeg`l` Zgmeouhlr
Zgmeouhlr fe gs ibhecltirel fe gs oifstetutevl `gh `grgomi `g
pripeg`l`4
\ug, gf gh fugvi Rgchlagfti `g Efsorepoeifgs `gh Rgcestri `g ^ripeg`l` Zg-
meouhlr sg ml prgvesti hl eaphgagftloeÿf `g uf aÿ`uhi efjiraìteoi qug pgraetl lh ìrgl
rgcestrlh oifiogr
sls pi`rìf, prgveihlsusulrei
gaprgsls gapl`rifl`ls
y ohlvg l fevgh floeiflh
lsecfl`l, efcrgslr i rgterlr ly sus
l`gaìs, gstls gaprg-
gaprg-
oifogseiflreis
\ug, lseaesai, sg ml prgvesti gh `gslrrihhi g eaphgagftloeÿf `g uf ai`uhi l
fevgh floeiflh l f `g qug his Fitlreis, prgvei usulrei y ohlvg lsecfl`l, efcrgsgf y rg- rg -
tergf l sus `gpgf`egftgs l trlvås `gh ^irtlh Efstetuoeiflh, pgraetegf`i l`iptlr ufl ag-
`e`l `g prgvgfoeÿf oiftrl hl prgsgftloeÿf `g `iouagftloeÿf jlhseol`l
ug, tlabeåf jiral plrtg `g hls agkirls efjiraìteols plrl oil`yuvlr l hl juf- juf -
oeÿf `g olheoloeÿf rgcestrlh, hl orgloeÿf l fevgh floeiflh `g uf áf`eog `gtlhhl`i `g lu lu--
tirezloeifgs `gh jlbreolftg l jlvir `gh rgprgsgftlftg pgrulfi, ef`eolf`i gh phlzi `g ve-
cgfoel pir gh qug sg itircl, his oÿ`eci lhjlfuaåreois `gh SAE, hl alrol `gh vgmáouhi,
fiabrg `gh jlbreolftg, hls jlouhtl`gs plrl `ghgclr gf tgrogris gh gfslabhlkg, lsá oiai
l his tátuhis lromevl`is gsolfgl`is gf `if`g oifstlf hls rgjgre`ls lutirezloeifgs4
\ug, hl Cgrgfoel Rgcestrlh y hl Cgrgfoel Hgclh `g hl _WFLR^,
_WFLR^, ag`elftg gh Ef-
jirag y Agairìf`ua ef`eol`i gf his vestis `g hl prgsgftg rgsihuoeÿf, mlf alfejgs- alfejgs-
tl`i su oifjirae`l` l f `g qug sgl altgrel `g gvlhuloeÿf y lpribloeÿf pir gh @e- @e -
rgotirei `g hl _WFLR^4
ug, ag`elftg Lotl F» 25> `gh @ergotirei `g hl _WFLR^,
_WFLR^, oirrgspif`egftg l hl
sgseÿf `g jgoml >7 `g jgbrgri `gh 2><? gf usi `g hl ltrebuoeÿf oiftgaphl`l gf gh he- he -
tgrlh b) `gh lrtáouhi <2 `gh Gstltuti
G stltuti `g hl _WFLR^,
_WFLR^, sg loir`ÿ pir uflfeae`l` lpriblr
hl ai`eoloeÿf `gh Rgchlagfti `g fsorepoeifgs `gh Rgcestri `g ^ripeg`l` gmeouhlrgmeouhlr
Oiftlf`i oif gh vesl`i `g hl Cgrgfoel Hgclh y hl Cgrgfoel Rgcestrlh `g hl _g`g
Ogftrlh `g hl _WFLR^4
Gstlf`i l hi loir`l`i y `g oifjirae`l` oif hl jlouhtl` oifjgre`l pir gh hetg-
rlh v) `gh lrtáouhi 3 `gh Gstltuti `g hl _WFLR^, lpribl`i pir Rgsihuoeÿf _uprgal
F» <?7-2>>2-KW_

235
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

_G RG_WGHZG;
Lrtáouhi ^reagri.- Lpriblr gh ‘Rgchlagfti `g Efsorepoeifgs `gh Rgcestri `g
^ripeg`l` Zgmeouhlr‑,
Zgmeouhlr‑, ouyi tgxti jiral plrtg eftgcrlftg
e ftgcrlftg `g hl prgsgftg rgsihuoeÿf.
Lrtáouhi _gcuf`i.- @espifgr hl pubheoloeÿf `gh agfoeifl`i rgchlagfti gf gh
`elrei ioelh Gh ^grulfi, lsá oiai gf gh ^irtlh fstetuoeiflh `g hl _WFLR^ (.
(.
suflrp.cib.pg).
Rgcástrgsg, oiaufáqugsg y pubháqugsg.
ALREI _IHLRE [GR^L
_upgreftgf`gftg Floeiflh `g his Rgcestris ^ûbheois

RGCHLAGFPI @G EF_
EF_ORE^OEI
ORE^OEIFG_
FG_
@GH RGCE_PRI @G ^RI^EG@L@
ZGMEOWHLR 2><?
<?

PÁPWHI E
@E_^I_EOEIFG_ CGFGRLHG_
Lrtáouhi <.- Ibkgti `gh
`gh rgchlag
rgchlagfti
fti
Gh prgsgftg Rgchlagfti rgcuhl gh priog`eaegfti `g efsorepoeÿf `g his lotis y
`grgomis efsorebebhgs gf gh Rgcestri `g ^ripeg`l` Zgmeouhlr,
Zgmeouhlr, hl pubheoe`l` `g his aes-
ais, y his priog`eaegftis rghloeifl`is oif lspgotis ipgrltevis `g gstg Rgcestri.
Lrtáouhi 2.- Flturl
Flturlhghgzl
zl `gh Rgc
Rgces
estr
trii
Gh Rgcestri `g ^ripeg`l` Zgmeouhlr,
Zgmeouhlr, gf l`ghlftg gh Rgcestri, jiral plrtg `gh Rg-
cestri `g Begfgs Augbhgs l olrci `g his ßrclfis @gsoifogftrl`is `g hl _upgreftgf-
`gfoel Floeiflh `g his Rgcestris ^ûbheois (_WFLR^). Gstì rgcuhl`i pir hls `espise-
`espise-
oeifgs cgfgrlhgs `gh Pátuhi E y pir gh Pátuhi ZEEE `gh Hebri E] `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, y su-
kgti l hls clrlftáls
clrlftáls `gh _estgal Floeiflh
Floeiflh `g his Rgcestris
Rgcestris ^ûbheois oiftgaphl`ls gf gh
lrtáouhi ? `g hl Hgy F» 2:?::.
Lseaesai, sg lpheol suphgtirelagftg hls `espiseoeifgs `gh PWI `gh Rgchl-
agfti gfgrlh `g his Rgcestris ^ûbheois, lpribl`i ag`elftg Rgsihuoeÿf F» <2:-
2><2-_WFLR^/_F.
Lrtáouhi ?.- Ìabeti `g lpheo
lpheoloeÿ
loeÿff
Gh prgsgftg Rgchlagfti sg lpheol l ti`i vgmáouhi `gstefl`i l oerouhlr pir hl rg`
velh qug pgrtgfgzol lh _estgal Floeiflh `g Prlfspirtg Pgrrgstrg
Pgrrgstrg (_FPP).
His vgmáouhis `g hls Jugrzls Lral`ls y `g hl ^iheoál Floeiflh `gh ^grû qug gs-
tåf `gstefl`is l oerouhlr pir hl rg` velh `gh _estgal Floeiflh `g Prlfspirtg Pgrrgstrg
Pgrrgstrg
(_FPP), sg recgf pir gstg Rgchlagfti y su hgceshloeÿf gspgoelh.
Lrtáouhi 0.- ^r efoe
efoepeis
peis r gc
gcestrl
estrlhg
hgss lpheolbhg
lpheolbhgss
Hls efsorepoeifgs gf gh Rgcestri sg recgf pir his prefoepeis `g ricloeÿf, tetuhl-
oeÿf lutåfteol, gspgoelhe`l`, preire`l`, trloti suogsevi, hgcetealoeÿf, ipifebehe`l` y
jg pûbheol rgcestrlh.

2=>
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Lrtáouhi 7.- Hgce

Hgceteal`is
teal`is plr l pr gsgsgftlr
gftlr hl sih
siheo
eoetu`
etu` `g efsor
efsor epoe
epoeÿf
ÿf
Hl siheoetu` `g efsorepoeÿf sg jirauhl pir gsoreti ag`elftg his jirauhlreis lpri-
bl`is plrl tlh gjgoti, his aesais qug `gbgrìf gstlr ral`is pir hl pgrsifl
pgrsifl qug rglhe
rglhe--
zl hl prgsgftloeÿf `gh tátuhi, slhvi hi gstlbhgoe`i gf gh lrtáouhi <7 `gh PWI `gh Rgchl-
agfti Cgfgrlh `g his Rgcestris ^ûbheois.
Gf olsi `g hls gaprgsls lorg`etl`ls
lorg`etl`ls oifjirag l hi sglhl`i gf gh átuhi 
`gh prgsgftg Rgchlagfti, hl siheoetu` `g prgsgftloeÿf `gh tátuhi `gbgrì sgr rglhezl`l
pir gh cgstir lorg`etl`i.
lorg`etl`i.
^ìrrlji ai`eol`i pir gh hetgrlh l) `gh lrtáouhi < `g hl Rgsihuoeÿf F¾ ?77-2><?-
_WFLR^/_F pubheol`l gh 20/<2/2><?.
Lrtáouhi :.- ^r efoe
efoepei
pei `g tetuhloeÿ
tetuhloeÿff lutåfteo
lut åfteoll
Hls efsorepoeifgs sg gjgotûlf gf vertu` `g efstruagfti pûbheoi, slhvi `espise-
oeÿf gf oiftrlrei.
Oulf`i sg trltg `g efstruagftis pûbheois sÿhi pi`rìf juf`lrsg gf trlshl`is i
oipels ogrteol`ls gxpg`e`ls pir gh jufoeiflrei lutirezl`i i efstetuoeÿf qug oifsgr -
vg gf su pi`gr hl altrez. _e sg trltl `g `iouagftis prevl`is, gh `iouagfti ireceflh
`gbgrì tgfgr hls rals ogrteol`ls pir fitlrei, slhvi `espiseoeÿf hgclh gf oiftrlrei.
His ogrteol`is gxpg`e`is pir pgrsifls kurá`eols `g `grgomi prevl`i lutirezl-
lutirezl-
`ls pir gh Aefestgrei `g rlfspirtgs y Oiaufeoloeifgs fi rgquegrgf `g ogrteoloeÿf
fitlrelh `g ral. His `iouagftis oiaphgagftlreis pi`rìf sgr prgsgftl`is ag`elftg
oipels ogrteol`ls fitlrelhagftg i lutgfteol`l pir gh jg`ltlrei `g hl oefl Rgcestrlh
`if`g sg prgsgftl gh tátuhi.
Lrtáouhi 3.- ^r efoe
efoepei
pei `g tr loti suogs
suogsev
evii
Fefcufl efsorepoeÿf sg mlog sef qug gstå efsoreti i sg
sg efsorebl
efsorebl gh `grgomi
`grgomi `g `if-
`if-
`g galfg, slhvi hl preagrl efsorepoeÿf y hls gxogpoeifgs gstlbhgoe`ls pir `espiseoei-
fgs hgclhgs y gh prgsgftg Rgchlagfti.
Lrtáouhi =.- ^r efoe
efoepei
pei `g hgce
hgcetealoeÿ
tealoeÿff
Hls efsorepoeifgs sg gfougftrlf hgceteal`ls oifjirag l hl prgsufoeÿf gstlbhgoe-
`l gf gh lrtáouhi 2><? `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh y lh lrtáouhi  `gh átuhi ^rgheaeflr `gh Rg-
Rg-
chlagfti gfgrlh `g his Rgcestris ^ûbheois. Lseaesai, gstìf hgceteal`ls hls efsorep-
efsorep-
oeifgs trlshl`l`ls `g hls Aufeoeplhe`l`gs @estretlhgs y ^rivefoelhgs, oifjirag lh fu-
agrlh <.2 `gh lrtáouhi < `g hl Hgy F» 2=?27, lsá oiai hl lsg `g @ltis g f`eogs pri- pri-
vgfegftgs `gh Aefestgrei `g rlfspirtgs y Oiaufeoloeifgs, `g lougr`i lh lrtáouhi 2
`g hl Hgy F» 2=?27.
Lrtáouhi 5.- Jih
Jihei
ei rglh
^ir ol`l vgmáouhi sg lbrerì ufl plrte`l rgcestrlh gf hl qug sg gxtgf`grì hl preag-
preag-
rl efsorepoeÿf, lsá oiai his lotis i `grgomis rgcestrlbhgs pistgreirgs.
Lrtáouhi <>.- Irclfez
Irclfezloe
loeÿf
ÿf `g hl plrte`l ghg
ghgotrÿfe
otrÿfeol
ol
Hls plrte`ls rgcestrlhgs sg irclfezlrìf gf jufoeÿf `g his secuegftgs rubris i
olapis gstruoturl`is;

2=<
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

l) Lftgog`gftgs.
b) @gsorepoeÿf `gh vgmáouhi.
vgmáouhi.
o) Mestirelh `g `iaefei.
`) Olrcls, crlvìagfgs, oiftrltis qug ljgotgf lh vgmáouhi efsoreti y sus rgspgote-
rgspgote-
vls olfoghloeifgs `g sgr gh olsi.
g) ^grsiflh, `if`g sg rgcestrlrìf, l`gaìs `g his lotis gstlbhgoe`is gf gh lrtáouhi
2>?> `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh, gh fiabrg `gh rgprgsgftlftg y hls ai`eoloeifgs i gxtefoeifgs
`g hl rgprgsgftloeÿf prgvestls gf his lrtáouhis 03 fuagrlh < y 7? fuagrlh : `g hl Hgy
F» 2=:33, Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel.
Lrtáouhi <<.- Olheoloeÿf rgcestrlh
Gh Rgcestrl`ir olheolrì his tátuhis efcrgsl`is lh Rgcestri oifjirag lh lrtáouhi
2><< `gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh y tgfegf`i gf ougftl, blki rgspifslbehe`l`, hls rgchls y háaetgs
gstlbhgoe`is gf gh PWI `gh Rgchlagfti Cgfgrlh `g his Rgcestris ^ûbheois, gf plrteou-
hlr gf gh lrtáouhi  `gh átuhi ^rgheaeflr y his lrtáouhis ?<, ?2 y ?? `gh oetl`i ougrpi
hgclh, lsá oiai his prgvestis gf gstg Rgchlagfti.
Lrtáouhi <2.- Zgreoloeÿf
Zgreoloeÿf `gh gstl`i oeveh plrl `gtgraefloeÿf `g begf sioelh
^lrl `gtgraeflr gh gstl`i oeveh gf his olsis `g `espiseoeÿf i crlvlagf `g vgmáou-
his, gh Rgcestrl`ir sg blslrì gf hl efjiraloeÿf oiftgfe`l gf his lsegftis rgcestrlhgs i
gf hl blsg `g `ltis `gh vgmáouhi altgrel `gh loti4 lsá oiai gf hls plrte`ls `gh Rgces-
tri ^grsiflh plrl vgreolr sÿhi hl efjiraloeÿf qug gs ibkgti `g efsorepoeÿf gf `eomi
Rgcestri. ^lrl `gtgraeflr gh gstl`i oeveh `gh l`quergftg, gh Rgcestrl`ir sg blslrì gf hl
`gohlrloeÿf gjgotul`l pir gh l`quergftg oiftgfe`i gf gh tátuhi efsorebebhg. _e gs ufl si-
oeg`l` oifyuclh, blstlrì hl eftgrvgfoeÿf `g oulhquegrl `g his oÿfyucgs alfejgstlf`i
su oif`eoeÿf `g olsl`i g ef`eolf`i gh fiabrg y lpghhe`is `g su oÿfyucg, lsá oiai gh
tepi y fûagri `g su `iouagfti `g e`gfte`l`.
Gh Rgcestrl`ir fi pi`rì siheoetlr `iouagfti l`eoeiflh l hl `gohlrloeÿf `gh i his
l`quergftgs, slhvi qug hl `gohlrloeÿf oiftgfcl efjiraloeÿf oiftrl`eotirel oif hl qug
gs ibkgti `g efsorepoeÿf gf hl plrte`l `gh Rgcestri ^grsiflh.
Gh Rgcestrl`ir fi efourrg gf rgspifslbehe`l` oulf`i hl efjiraloeÿf `gh gstl`i
oeveh
rgftg.qug `gtlhhlefourrerì
lapioi
lapioi gf gh lsegfti `g efsorepoeÿfpir
gf rgspifslbehe`l` sg sustgftl gf hl `g
hl efsorepoeÿf `gohlrloeÿf `gh l`que-
lotis `g `espiseoeÿf
i crlvlagf, se hl `gtgraefloeÿf `gh gstl`i oeveh sg sustgftl gf hl efjiraloeÿf oif-
tgfe`l gf his lsegftis rgcestrlhgs i gf hl blsg `g `ltis `gh vgmáouhi altgrel `gh loti.

PÁPWHI EE
@G HI_
HI _ LOPI_ EF_OREBEBHG_ U @G HL _IHEOEPW@
_IHEOE PW@ @G
@G EF_
E F_ORE
ORE^OE
^OEßF
ßF
Lr táouhi <?.
Lrtáouhi <?.- Lo
Lotis
tis Efsor
Efsor ebebhg
ebebhgss
T...Q
j) Hl oifstetuoeÿf, ai`eoloeÿf i olfoghloeÿf `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel y `gaìs
crlvìagfgs i ljgotloeifgs l qug sg rggrg hl Hgy F» 2=:33,
2=:33 , Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel
T...Q.

2=2
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

PÁPWHI ZEE
CLRLFPÁL AIBEHELREL U IPRL_ LJGOPLOEIFG_
Lrtáouhi =<.- Oiapgtgfoel gf hl olheoloeÿf `g hls clrlftáls aibehelrels y
itrls ljgotloeifgs

Hls clrlftáls
hl plrte`l aibehelrels
rgcestrlh `g y itrls
`eomi begf. ljgotloeifgs
Gh tátuhi sibrg gh vgmáouhi
`gbg prgsgftlrsg sg efsoreberìf
gf gh `elrei floeiflh, figf
segf`i rghgvlftg gh huclr `g prgsgftloeÿf.
Gh Rgcestrl`ir tegfg oiapgtgfoel floeiflh plrl hl olheoloeÿf `g `eomis lotis.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi =2.
=2.- Gfoluzlaegfti `g hl hl pr gs
gsgftloeÿ
gftloeÿff `gh tátuhi lh `elrei
`elr ei floei
floeiflh
flh
Oulf`i pir grrir sg efcrgslrl pir gh `elrei hiolh hl siheoetu` `g efsorepoeÿf `g
tátuhi qug oiftegfg ufl clrlftál aibehelrel u itrl ljgotloeÿf, gh rgspifslbhg `g hl - -
oefl `g @elrei priog`grì l hl olfoghloeÿf `gh lsegfti `g prgsgftloeÿf oifjirag hi sg- sg-
lhl gh sgcuf`i pìrrlji `gh lrtáouhi 20 `gh W `gh Rgchlagfti gfgrlh `g his Rg- Rg-
cestris ^ûbheois.
_e gh grrir gs l`vgrte`i gf gh ìrgl rgcestrlh, gh Rgcestrl`ir priog`grì oif hl tl- tl -
oml `gh tátuhi y hi gfoluzlrì lh `elrei floeiflh. Gh rgspifslbhg `g hl oefl `g @elrei
hhgflrì
lsegfti gh`gfugvi jirauhlrei
prgsgftloeÿf, `g siheoetu`
gftrgclf`i `g efsorepoeÿf
lh usulrei hl oipel y`ghcgfgrlrì gh oirrgspif`egftg
jirauhlrei `g siheoetu` `g
efsorepoeÿf oif hl oifstlfoel `g efcrgsi lh `elrei floeiflh.
Hl prgsgftloeÿf grrÿfgl gf gh `elrei hiolh fi `lrì huclr l oibri `g `grgomis
rgcestrlhgs, `gbegf`i gh Rgcestrl`ir gf hl gsqughl `g tloml ir`gflr hl `gvihuoeÿf `gh
áftgcri plcl`i.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi =?.
=?.- Lo
Lotis
tis efsorebebhgs
efsorebebhgs
_if efsorebebhgs gf gh Rgcestri `g ^ripeg`l` Zgmeouhlr his secuegftgs lotis `g
oifjirae`l` oif gh lrtáouhi ?2 `g hl Hgy F» 2=:33, Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel;
l) Oifstetuoeÿf y prgoifstetuoeÿf `g clrlftáls aibehelrels, lsá oiai sus ai`e-
oloeifgs y olfoghloeifgs.
b) Ogseÿf `g `grgomis.
`grgomis.
o) Je`geoiaesi.
`) Lrrgf`laegfti.
g) Lrrgf`laegfti Jeflfoegri.
j) Hglsgblod.
c) Oiftrlti `g oifsecfloeÿf.
m) Ag`e`ls olutghlrgs.
e) Rgsihuoeifgs ku`eoelhgs i rgsihuoeifgs l`aefestrltevls.
k) Oiftrltis prgplrltireis.
d) Wsu sujr
jruo
uoti
ti..

2=?
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

h) Wsi y
a) Itris lotis qug eaphequgf ljgotloeÿf `gh vgmáouhi rgcestrl`i.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi =0.
=0.- Pátuhi efs
efsorebebh
orebebhgg
Hls clrlftáls aibehelrels y `gaìs ljgotloeifgs sg efsorebgf gf aåreti l;

l) irauhlreis `g efsorepoeÿf `g oifjirae`l` oif gh lrtáouhi ?0 `g hl Hgy

F» 2=:33.
b) Efstruagfti fitlrelh pritioihlr `gfiaefl`i Jirauhlrei `g Efsorepoeÿf, `g
oifjirae`l` oif gh lrtáouhi < `gh @gorgti _uprgai F» ><2-2>>:-KW_.
o) @iouagfti prevl`i oif ral ogrteol`l fitlrelhagftg, `g oifjirae`l` oif
gh lrtáouhi <32 `g hl Hgy gfgrlh `gh _estgal eflfoegri y `gh _estgal `g _gcuris y
rcìfeol `g hl _upgreftgf`gfoel `g lfol y _gcuris, Hgy F» 2:3>2.
`) Efstruagfti pûbheoi.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi =7.
=7.- Ls
Lseg
egfti
fti `g efsorepoeÿf
efsorepoeÿf `g oifstetuoeÿf
oifstetuoeÿf `g clrlft
clr lftál
ál aibehelr
aibehelr el
Gh lsegfti `g efsorepoeÿf `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel oiftgf`rì hi secuegftg;
l) Fiabrg, `gfiaefloeÿf i rlzÿf sioelh, `iouagfti ioelh `g e`gfte`l` y `i- `i -
aeoehei `gh;
- @gu`ir.
- Oifstetuygftg.
- Lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i.
- @gpisetlrei.
- Rgprgsgftlftg, oifjirag lh lrtáouhi 03, fuagrlh < y lrtáouhi 7? fuagrlh : `g
hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel.
Gf gh olsi `g pgrsifls kurá`eols efsoretls `gbgrì ef`eolrsg l`gaìs hl plrte`l
rgcestrlh.
b) ^hlol Ûfeol Floeiflh `g Ri`lkg `gh vgmáouhi, y su oif`eoeÿf `g pripei i
lkgfi.
o) Jiral y oif`eoeifgs `g hl gkgouoeÿf `gh vgmáouhi.
`) Zlhirezloeÿf `gh vgmáouhi.
g) Aifti `gtgraefl`i i `gtgraeflbhg `gh crlvlagf, `gbegf`i ef`eolr gf gstg
ûhteai olsi, gh i his oretgreis lpheolbhgs plrl su `gtgraeflbehe`l`.
j) Jgoml oegrtl `gh `iouagfti qug oiftegfg gh loti kurá`eoi oifstetutevi.
c) ^hlzi `g vecgfoel `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel. Gf su `gjgoti sg oifse`grl
ef`gfe`i.
m) ^lotis gspgoelhgs.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi =:.
=:.- Olfog
Olfoghlohloeÿ
eÿff `g clr lftál aibehelrel
aibehelrel
^lrl hl olfoghloeÿf `g clrlftáls aibehelrels sg rgqugrerì qug gh `iouagfti prg-
prg-
sgftl`i ouaphl oif hls aesals jiralhe`l`gs gstlbhgoe`ls gf gh lrtáouhi =0 `gh prg-
sgftg Rgchlagfti.

2=0
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

Hls clrlftáls aibehelrels sg olfoghlf;

l) ^ir rgsihuoeÿf ku`eoelh, lrbetrlh i l`aefestrltevl.
b) Prlfsoursi `gh phlzi `g vecgfoel `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel, gf ouyi olsi fi
sgrì fgogslrel hl eftgrvgfoeÿf `gh lorgg`ir.
o) L siheoetu` gxprgsl `gh lorgg`ir.
@g sgr fgogslrel hl `gtgraefloeÿf `g `grgomis rgcestrlhgs pir gstg oifogpti y fi
gxester hl pisebehe`l` `g oifiogr his aiftis `gh crlvlagf, sg oibrlrì oiai loti efvl
efvl--
hirl`i. Gstl aesal rgchl sg lpheolrì gf his olsis `g ag`e`ls olutghlrgs.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi =3.
=3.- Ol`u
Ol`uoeoe`l`
`l` `g
` g hl
hl efsor
efsor epoe
epoeÿf
ÿf `g his
his crl vìa gf gs
Hl efsorepoeÿf `g his crlvìagfgs l qug sg rggrg gh preagr pìrrlji `gh lrtáouhi
? `g hl Hgy F» 2::?5, ol`uol l his `egz (<>) lis `g hl jgoml `gh lsegfti `g prgsgf-
prgsgf-
tloeÿf `gh tátuhi qug hls irecefÿ. _g gfougftrlf oiaprgf`e`ls `gftri `g gstg supugs-
ti hls efsorepoeifgs oirrgspif`egftgs l crlvìagfgs qug clrlftezlf ibhecloeifgs qug
fi tegfgf phlzi `g vgfoeaegfti, gf åstls `gbgrì gftgf`grsg qug hl ibhecloeÿf gs gxe -
cebhg efag`eltlagftg `gspuås `g oiftrlá`l, gf lpheoloeÿf `gh lrtáouhi <20> `gh Oÿ- Oÿ-
`eci Oeveh.
Gf gh olsi `g his crlvìagfgs qug clrlftezlf orå`etis l qug sg rggrg gh sgcuf-
sgcuf -
`i pìrrlji `gh lrtáouhi ? `g hl Hgy F» 2::?5, hl efsorepoeÿf ol`uol l his `egz (<>) lis
oiftl`is `gs`g hl jgoml `g vgfoeaegfti `gh orå`eti, segaprg qug gstg pug`l `gtgrae-
flrsg `gh oiftgfe`i `gh lsegfti i `gh tátuhi.
rltìf`isg `g efsorepoeifgs oirrgspif`egftgs l crlvìagfgs qug clrlftezlf orå- orå -
`etis qug rgaetgf gh oÿaputi `gh phlzi l uf `iouagfti `estefti lh tátuhi lromevl-
`i y `eomi `iouagfti fi oifstl gf gh Rgcestri, lsá oiai hls clrlftáls `g ibhecl-
oeifgs juturls, gvgftulhgs, i ef`gtgraefl`ls ol`uolrìf se sg lorg`etl jgmloegftg-
jgmloegftg -
agftg gh oÿaputi `gh phlzi i gh floeaegfti `g hl ibhecloeÿf, sgcûf oirrgspif`l, y
ml trlfsourre`i gh phlzi hgclh, oiftl`i `gs`g hl jgoml `g vgfoeaegfti `g hl ibhecloeÿf
clrlftezl`l.
Gf gh olsi `g ibhecloeifgs juturls i gvgftulhgs sgrì gxecebhg hl prugbl `gh floe
floe--
aegfti `g åstls, sef `estefoeÿf lhcufl, plrl hl priog`gfoel `g hl ol`uoe`l`.
Gf ghipgrl
ol`uoe`l` olsi `g his oiftrltis efsoretis
lutiaìteolagftg oulf`igf gh Rgcestri
mlyl Jesolh
trlfsourre`i gh `g Zgftls
Zgftls
phlzi qug loirrgspif-
phlzis, hl-
oirrgspif
`l l oultri ouitls, sef qug sg mlyl efeoel`i looeÿf `g plci, rgspgoti lh vgfoeaegfti
`g hl ûhteal ouitl.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi ==.
==.- Ol`u
Ol`uoeoe`l`
`l` `g ag`e`ls olutghlrgs y `g gkgouoe
gkgouoeÿf
ÿf
^riog`g olfoghlr pir ol`uoe`l` hls lfitloeifgs `g ag`e`ls olutghlrgs y `g gkg-
ouoeÿf priog`gftg `g sg`g ku`eoelh y l`aefestrltevl, oulf`i hl ol`uoe`l` sg mlyl pri-
`uoe`i oif lftgreire`l` l hl gftrl`l gf vecgfoel `g hl Hgy F» 2=03?, vecgftg `gs`g gh
<5 `g alrzi `g 2>>7, qug ai`eoÿ gh lrtáouhi :27 `gh W `gh Oÿ`eci ^riogslh Oe- Oe-
veh. Hl siheoetu` `g ol`uoe`l` sg prgsgftlrì secuegf`i hl jiralhe`l` gstlbhgoe`l gf gh
lrtáouhi =5 `gh prgsgftg Rgchlagfti.
Gh phlzi `g ol`uoe`l` sg oiaputl `gs`g hl jgoml `g efsorepoeÿf rgcestrlh.

2=7
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Lr táouhi =5.
Lrtáouhi =5.- Ls
Lseg
egfti
fti `g
` g olfoghloe
olfoghloeÿf
ÿf pir ol`uoe`l`
Gh lsegfti `g olfoghloeÿf pir ol`uoe`l` `g uf crlvlagf sg gxtgf`grì l siheoetu`
`g plrtg, ag`elftg hl prgsgftloeÿf `g ufl `gohlrloeÿf kurl`l oif ral ogrteol`l pir
fitlrei i jg`ltlrei `g hl oefl Rgcestrlh, gf hl qug gxprgslagftg sg ef`equg, hl jgoml
`gh lsegfti `g prgsgftloeÿf qug irecefÿ hl efsorepoeÿf y gh tegapi trlfsourre`i. Gh Rg-
cestrl`ir olfoghlrì gh rgspgotevi lsegfti oif hl sihl vgreoloeÿf `gh tegapi trlfsourre`i.
Lrtáouhi 5>.- Eflphe
Eflpheolo
oloeÿ
eÿff `g hl ol`uoe
l`uoe`l`
`l`
His phlzis `g ol`uoe`l` fi sif lpheolbhgs l hl lfitloeÿf `g gablrci ir`gfl`l
gf uf priogsi pgflh fe l his gablrcis privgfegftgs `g gfte`l`gs l`aefestrltevls
l`aefestrltevls qug
rgsplh`gf ibhecloeifgs trebutlrels.
Lrtáouhi 5<.- Gxohuseÿf `g his lholfogs `g hl Hgy F» 2::?5
Gh phlzi `g ol`uoe`l` gstlbhgoe`i gf gh lrtáouhi ? `g hl Hgy F» 2::?5, fi gs `g
lpheoloeÿf lh ploti `g rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l`.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 52.
52.- Rgfiv
Rgfivloeÿ
loeÿff `g
` g lsegfti
lsegfti `g efsorepoeÿf
efsorepoeÿf
Hl rgfivloeÿf `g his lsegftis `g efsorepoeÿf l qug sg rggrg gh lrtáouhi ? `g hl
Hgy F» 2::?5, sÿhi priog`g oulf`i l hl jgoml `gh lsegfti `g prgsgftloeÿf `gh tátuhi `g
rgfivloeÿf, fi mubegrl ipgrl`i hl ol`uoe`l`.
Hls efsorepoeifgs `g hls `galf`ls, sgftgfoels y `gaìs rgsihuoeifgs l hls qug sg
rggrg gh lrtáouhi ? `g hl Hgy F» 2::?5, sÿhi pi`rìf sgr rgfivl`ls gf aåreti l alf- alf-
`lti ku`eoelh gxprgsi.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 5?.
5?.- Ol`u
Ol`uoe
oe`l`
`l` `g
` g pr gf`ls itir
itir cl`ls l jlvir
jlvir `g gfte`l`
gfte`l`gs
gs `gh ses
ses--
tgal flfoegri
_ÿhi gf gh olsi `g hls prgf`ls, ouyi phlzi `g ol`uoe`l` sg mlyl ouaphe`i gftrg
hl gftrl`l gf vecgfoel `g hl Hgy F» 2::?5 (27/>5/<55:) y hl gftrl`l gf vecgfoel `g hl
Hgy F» 2:3>2 (>5/<2/<55:) pi`rìf sgr olfoghl`ls pir ol`uoe`l`, `g oifjirae`l` oif
hi gstlbhgoe`i gf gh lrtáouhi =5 `gh prgsgftg Rgchlagfti.
Lrtáouhi 50.- Olfog
Olfoghlo
hloeÿ
eÿff `g clrlftáls
clrlf táls pir
pir gxt efo
efoeÿ
eÿff `g hl pgrsi
pgrsifl
fl kurá`e-
ol lorgg`irl
Hl gxtefoeÿf `g hl pgrsifl kurá`eol lorgg`irl, luf oulf`i mlyl pgrtgfgoe`i lh
_estgal Jeflfoegri, `gtgraefl hl gxtefoeÿf `g hl ibhecloeÿf y oifsgougftgagftg `g
hl clrlftál.
Gh eftgrgsl`i pi`rì siheoetlr hl olfoghloeÿf `g `eomi crlvlagf prgsgftlf`i `g- `g-
ohlrloeÿf kurl`l oif ral ogrteol`l pir fitlrei i jg`ltlrei `g hl oefl Rgcestrlh,
gf hl qug gxprgslagftg sg ef`equg `eoml oeroufstlfoel lsá oiai gh fûagri `g plrte`l
y hl oefl Rgcestrlh `gh Rgcestri `g ^grsifls Kurá`eols oirrgspif`egftg l hl pgrsifl
kurá`eol lorgg`irl gxteftl.
gxteftl.
Lrtáouhi 57.- Lfitloe
Lfitloeÿfÿf `g ag`e`l
ag`e`l olutghlr `es
` espugstl
pugstl gf sg`g
sg`g l`aefestrl-
l`aefestr l-
tevll i lr betrl
tev betrlhh
Hl lfitloeÿf `g hl ag`e`l olutghlr sg gxtgf`grì gf aåreti lh plrtg l`aefestrl-
l`aefestrl-
tevi, qug oiftgfcl gh ioei y hl rgsihuoeÿf qug hl oifog`g, hl qug oiftgf`rì hl ef`eve-
ef`eve-
`ulhezloeÿf `gh vgmáouhi ljgotl`i y gh aifti `g hl ljgotloeÿf, `g sgr gh olsi.

2=:
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

_e gh gablrci gs ir`gfl`i `gftri `gh priog`eaegfti `g gkgouoeÿf oilotevl, hls

rgsihuoeifgs oilotevls sÿhi rgquegrgf `g hl ral `gh gkgoutir oilotevi plrl su lfitl-
lfitl-
oeÿf. @eomi gkgoutir oilotevi `gbgrì gstlr lorg`etl`i lftg gh Rgcestri.
^lrl his olsis `g ag`e`ls olutghlrgs siheoetl`ls `gftri `gh priog`eaegfti lrbe-
trlh lh laplri `g hi `espugsti pir gh lrtáouhi 03 `gh @gorgti Hgceshltevi F» <>3<, @g-
@g-
orgti Hgceshltevi qug firal gh Lrbetrlkg, sg `gbgrì prgsgftlr gh ioei y hl rgsihuoeÿf
lrbetrlh oifjirag hi gstlbhgoe`i gf gh preagr pìrrlji `gh prgsgftg lrtáouhi.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 5:.
5:.- Lfi
Lfitloe
tloeÿf
ÿf `g `galf`l
`galf`l
Hl lfitloeÿf `g `galf`l sg gxtegf`g gf aåreti `gh plrtg ku`eoelh, qug oiftgf-
`rì gh oei `gh kugz, y hls oipels ogrteol`ls pir gh luxehelr kures`eooeiflh `g hl ef- ef-
tgcre`l` `g hl `galf`l, `gh luti l`aesirei `g hl aesal y `g hl rgsihuoeÿf qug oif-
tegfg hl ag`e`l.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 53.
53.- Olfoghlo
Olfoghloeÿ eÿff `g ag`e`ls olutghlrgs
Gh lsegfti `g olfoghloeÿf `g hls ag`e`ls olutghlrgs `espugstls ku`eoelhagftg sg-
rìf gxtgf`e`ls gf vertu` `gh alf`lti ku`eoelh qug mlyl l`quere`i hl lutire`l` `g oisl
kuzcl`l, slhvi
slhvi qug `gh tátuhi i `g hl flturlhgzl i `g hls oeroufstlfoels `gh
`gh olsi sg `gs-
prgf`l qug gh alf`lti
alf`lti `g olfoghloeÿf gs efag`eltlagftg gkgoutlbhg.
gkgoutlbhg.
rltìf`isg `g ag`e`ls olutghlrgs privgfegftgs `g ÿrclfis l`aefestrltevis, gh
lsegfti `g olfoghloeÿf sg gxtgf`grì gf aåreti `g hl rgsihuoeÿf l`aefestrltevl qug ir-
`gfl su olfoghloeÿf. Oulf`i pir `espiseoeÿf hgclh sg gxekl, `gbgrì lorg`etlrsg qug gh
loti l`aefestrltevi ml qug`l`i rag.
Oulf`i pir hl flturlhgzl aesal `g hl ag`e`l olutghlr fi sg mlylf oibrl`i his
`grgomis rgcestrlhgs gf hl lfitloeÿf `g hl ag`e`l olutghlr `gbgrì heque`lrsg his aes- aes -
ais lh aiagfti `g hl efsorepoeÿf `g hl olfoghloeÿf `g hl ag`e`l olutghlr.
Lrtáouhi 5=.- Lrrgf`laegfti, lrrgf`laegfti flfoegri y hglsgblod
Gf gh tátuhi qug oiftgfcl gh lrrgf`laegfti, gh lrrgf`laegfti flfoegri y gh hgl- hgl-
sgblo sg `gbgrì ef`eolr hl phlol ûfeol floeiflh `g ri`lkg `gh vgmáouhi, gh fûagri y
gh aifti `g hls ouitls plotl`ls, y oulf`i oirrgspif`l, hl jiral plotl`l plrl hl gkg-
ouoeÿf `g hl ipoeÿf `g oiaprl.
Gh gkgroeoei `g hl ipoeÿf `g oiaprl `lrì aåreti l hl trlfsjgrgfoel `gh begf y l hl
olfoghloeÿf `gh lrrgf`laegfti flfoegri i gh hglsgblo, sgcûf sgl gh olsi.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi 55.
55.- Lfitloeÿf y olfoghloeÿf
olfoghloeÿf `g ljgotloeÿf
ljgotloeÿf pir r ibi `gh vgmáo
vgmáouhi
uhi
Hl lfitloeÿf y hl olfoghloeÿf `g ljgotloeÿf pir ribi sg gjgotulrìf gf aåreti lh
oirrgspif`egftg bihgtáf i ogrteol`i `g vgmáouhi ribl`i qug gxpe`l hl ^iheoál Floei-
Floei-
flh `gh ^grû.
Gh tátuhi sgrì prgsgftl`i gf gh `elrei hiolh `g hl oefl Rgcestrlh `gh Rgcestri `g
^ripeg`l` gmeouhlr
gmeouhlr gf `if`g gstì efsoreti gh vgmáouhi.
His `grgomis rgcestrlhgs pir hl lfitloeÿf `g ribi sgrìf plcl`is lh lfitlrsg hl
rgspgotevl siheoetu` `g olfoghloeÿf `g `eomi lsegfti.

2=3
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Lrtáouhi <>>.- Lsecfloeÿf gf usi oifjirag lh @gorgti Hgceshltevi F» <<>0 <<>0

^lrl gjgoti `g hi gstlbhgoe`i gf gh @gorgti Hgceshltevi F» <<>0, prgvelagftg gh
vgmáouhi `gbgrì gfoiftrlrsg efaltreouhl`i oifjirag lh prgsgftg Rgchlagfti.
Hl siheoetu` `g efsorepoeÿf `g lsecfloeÿf gf usi `gbgrì oiftgfgr hl oipel ogrte-
ogrte -
ol`l pir gh jufoeiflrei qug oifsgrvl gh ireceflh `g hl rgsihuoeÿf `g hl _gorgtlrál Gkg-
outevl `g hl Oiaeseÿf Floeiflh `g Begfgs Efolutl`is (OIFLBE) qug `espifg hl lsec-
floeÿf gf usi i gh lrrgf`laegfti `gh vgmáouhi.
Gh Rgcestrl`ir gxtgf`grì gh lsegfti gf gh rubri `g olrcls y crlvìagfgs oirrgs-
oirrgs-
pif`egftg l hl plrte`l `gh vgmáouhi.
T...Q

2==
 L^RWGBL@G
^HLF @G EA^HGAGFPLOEßF
HL CLRLFPÁL
CLRL FPÁL AIBEH
AIBEHELREL@G HL HGU
ELREL
RG_IHWOEßF F» >:3-2>>:-_WFLR^/_F
(<>/ >?/ 2:)
>:)
Heal, = `g alrzi `g 2>>:
_ gh fjirag fûagri >23-2>>:-_WFLR^/, `g jgoml : `g alrzi `g
2>>:, pir gh oulh hl grgfoel gfgrlh pripifg hl oifjiraloeÿf `g gquepis `g trlblki
qug sg gfolrclrìf `g gkgoutlr hls loteve`l`gs fgogslrels plrl hl eaphgagftloeÿf `g hl
Hgy F¾ 2=:33, Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel y hls rgoiagf`loeifgs jirauhl`ls pir
hl _upgreftgf`gfoel L`kuftl4 y,
OIF_E@GRLF@I;
ug, oif jgoml < `g alrzi `g 2>>:, sg pubheoÿ gf gh @elrei oelh Gh ^grulfi
hl Hgy F¾ 2=:33, oif gh ibkgti `g rgcuhlr hl clrlftál aibehelrel plrl lsgcurlr ibhecl-
ibhecl-
oeifgs `g ti`l flturlhgzl, prgsgftgs i juturls, `gtgraefl`ls i `gtgraeflbhgs, sukgtls
i fi l ai`lhe`l` ug, gh lrtáouhi 02 `g hl oetl`l Hgy orgl gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g
Oiftrltis, gf `if`g sg efsoreberìf hls clrlftáls aibehelrels y `gaìs lotis efsorebebhgs
sibrg begfgs augbhgs fi rgcestrl`is gf lhcûf Rgcestri Kurá`eoi `g Begfgs4 oifjirag
l hi `espugsti pir hl firal oetl`l, `eomi Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis gstlrì oif-
oif -
jiral`i pir ufl ûfeol blsg `g `ltis ogftrlhezl`l gf ti`i gh plás, gf gh oulh ol`l loti
efsorebebhg `lrì huclr l hl gxtgfseÿf `g uf lsegfti ghgotrÿfeoi ef`gpgf`egftg
ug, `g lougr`i oif hi sglhl`i gf gh preagr pìrrlji `g hl Oulrtl @espiseoeÿf
rlfsetirel `g hl Hgy F¾ 2=:33, oifoir`l`i oif hl ^reagrl @espiseoeÿf eflh `gh oe- oe-
tl`i tgxti firaltevi, hl _upgreftgf`gfoel Floeiflh `g Rgcestris ^ûbheois _WFLR^
`espif`rì
Oiftrltis, hls ag`e`ls
`gftri fgogslrels
`gh phlzi plrl hl
`g fivgftl eaphgagftloeÿf
`áls `g pubheol`l hl`gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei
agfoeifl`l Hgy4 `g
ug, gf gsg sgfte`i, hl ^reagrl @espiseoeÿf rlfsetirel `g hl Hgy F¾ 2=:33 gstl-
gstl-
bhgog qug hl _WFLR^
_WFLR^ lpriblrì,
lpriblrì, `gftri
`gftri `g his sgsgftl `áls `g pubheol`l
pubheol`l hl oetl`l Hgy
Hgy,
gftrg itrls oisls, hls `espiseoeifgs rgchlagftlrels plrl hl irclfezloeÿf y jufoeifl-
aegfti `gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis, qug`lf`i, gf oifsgougfoel, hl _WFLR^
lutirezl`l plrl rgcuhlr ti`ls hls altgrels l`aefestrltevls y tåofeols rghltevls l hl efs-
orepoeÿf `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel qug sg rggrg hl oetl`l Hgy, lsá oiai oulhquegr itrl
altgrel qug rgsuhtg fgogslrel plrl gh ouapheaegfti `g hls `espiseoeifgs `g hl aesal4
ug, `g lougr`i oif hi gstlbhgoe`i gf gh sgcuf`i pìrrlji `g hl Oulrtl @espise-
@espise-
oeÿf rlfsetirel `g hl Hgy F¾ 2=:33, hl _WFLR^,
_WFLR^, gf gh phlzi `g uf li oiftl`i l plr-
ter `g hl vecgfoel `g hl oetl`l Hgy, pif`rì gf jufoeiflaegfti gh _estgal ftgcrl`i `g

2=5
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

lrlftáls y Oiftrltis sibrg egfgs Augbhgs, l trlvås `gh oulh sg ufeolrì hl efjiral-
efjiral -
oeÿf gxestgftg sibrg `eomls altgrels gf gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis, lsá oiai
gf ti`is his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g Begfgs4
ug, `g itri hl`i, oif gh ibkgti `g orglr agolfesai `g seapheoloeÿf `g his trì-
trì -
aetgs qug `gbgrìf rglhezlr his usulreis `gh Rgcestri, oifjirag l hi `espugsti pir his
lrtáouhis ?0 y`g0<Efsorepoeÿf
Jirauhlreis `g Hgy F¾y2=:33, hl _WFLR^
Olfoghloeÿf `gbgrì aibehelrel
`g hl clrlftál lpriblr piry Rgsihuoeÿf, his
`g his itris lo-
tis efsorebebhgs, sgcûf oirrgspif`l4
ug, oifjirag l hi sglhl`i pir hl ueftl @espiseoeÿf rlfsetirel `g hl Hgy
F¾ 2=:33, hl _WFLR^ pripif`rì `gftri `gh phlzi `g fivgftl `áls `g pubheol`l
hl Hgy, hl fugvl gstruoturl `g tlsls lpheolbhg lh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis y
lh _estgal Eftgcrl`i `g Clrlftáls y Oiftrltis, lsá oiai hl l`gouloeÿf `g hls tlsls
rgcestrlhgs gf his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g Begfgs, `g oifjirae`l` oif hi prgsoreti gf gh
lrtáouhi 0: `gh oetl`i tgxti firaltevi4
\ug, `g lougr`i oif hi gstlbhgoe`i gf hl _gxtl @espiseoeÿf Prlfsetirel `g hl Hgy
F¾ 2=:33, hl _WFLR^ pi`rì ai`eolr sus efstruagftis `g cgsteÿf qug rgsuhtgf fg- fg-
ogslreis plrl hl lpheoloeÿf `g hl oetl`l Hgy4
\ug, `g lougr`i l hi efjiral`i pir hl Cgrgfoel Cgfgrlh l trlvås `gh `iouagf-
ti `g vestis, gs fgogslrel hl oifjiraloeÿf `g gquepis `g trlblki qug sg gfolrcugf `g
gkgoutlr hls loteve`l`gs qug l oiftefuloeÿf sg `gtlhhlf;
- Ghlbirloeÿf `g hls `espiseoeifgs Rgchlagftlrels `gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g
Oiftrltis, lsá oiai `g his jirauhlreis fgogslreis plrl su eaphgagftloeÿf4
- Ghlbirloeÿf `g hls `espiseoeifgs rgchlagftlrels `g irclfezloeÿf y jufoeifl-
aegfti `gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis, lsá oiai hl ai`eoloeÿf `g his efstru-
efstru-
agftis `g cgsteÿf4
- Ghlbirloeÿf `g hls firals fgogslrels plrl slfglr gh trloti eftgrruape`i gf his
Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g Begfgs4
- Ghlbirloeÿf `g hl fugvl gstruoturl `g tlsls4
- @gslrrihhi `g hls mgrrlaegftls tgofihÿceols fgogslrels plrl gh jufoeiflaegf-
ti `gh Rgcestri
tgftgs Aibehelrei
lh agfoeifl`i `g Oiftrltis
Rgcestri4 y, y aecrloeÿf `g hls prgf`ls gspgoelhgs yl gxes-
- @gslrrihhi `g hls mgrrlaegftls tgofihÿceols fgogslrels plrl hl orgloeÿf `gh _es-
tgal Eftgcrl`i `g Clrlftáls y Oiftrltis.
\ug, gf oifsgougfoel, gs oifvgfegftg lpriblr gh phlf `g eaphgagftloeÿf `g
hl Hgy F¾ 2=:33, oiftgfe`i gf gh efjirag `g vestis, lsá oiai su oirrgspif`egftg
orificrlal `g gkgouoeÿf4
Gf usi `g hls ltrebuoeifgs oifjgre`ls pir gh Gstltuti y Rgchlagfti `g Irclfezl-
oeÿf y Jufoeifgs `g hl _WFLR^
_WFLR^,, `espiseoeifgs lpribl`ls ag`elftg Rgsihuoeifgs _u-
prgals fûagris F¾ <?7 y <?5-2>>2-KW_, rgspgotevlagftg,
rgspgotevlagftg, y oiftlf`i oif his vestis
`g hl Cgrgfoel Cgfgrlh, Cgrgfoel Hgclh,
H gclh, Cgrgfoel `g L`aefestrloeÿf y Jeflfzls, Cg-
rgfoel `g fjiraìteol, grgfoel Rgcestrlh y hl grgfoel `g ^rgsupugsti y @gslrrihhi

25>
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

_G RG_WGHZG;
Lrtáouhi <.- Lpriblr gh ^hlf `g Eaphgagftloeÿf `g hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibe-
helrel, lsá oiai sus lfgxis, orificrlal y oiftgfe`i `g hls loteve`l`gs prgvestls gf gh
efjirag `g vesti, his oulhgs plslf l jiralr plrtg eftgcrlftg `g hl prgsgftg Rgsihuoeÿf.
Lrtáouhi 2.- Oifjiralr his gquepis `g trlblki gfolrcl`is `g hls secuegftgs lo-
teve`l`gs jufoeiflhgs, his oulhgs rgpirtlrìf gh ouapheaegfti `g sus looeifgs lh _upgr-
eftgf`gftg L`kufti;
(e) Ghlbirloeÿf `g hls `espiseoeifgs Rgchlagftlrels `gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g
Oiftrltis, lsá oiai `g his jirauhlreis fgogslreis plrl su eaphgagftloeÿf4 y,
(ee) Ghlbirloeÿf `g hls firals fgogslrels plrl slfglr gh trloti eftgrruape`i gf
his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g Begfgs.
Gh _upgreftgf`gftg L`kufti, lotulrì oiai oiir`efl`ir cgfgrlh `g his gquepis
`g trlblki `g hls loteve`l`gs `gsoretls prgog`gftgagftg, `gbegf`i vgreolr his lvlf-
lvlf -
ogs, lsá oiai supgrveslr gh ouapheaegfti `g his phlzis `g gkgouoeÿf `g hls loteve`l-
`gs lpribl`ls.
Lrtáouhi
Lr táouhi ?.
?.- Oifjiralr his gquepis `g trlblki gfolrcl`is `g hls secuegftgs lote-
ve`l`gs l`aefestrltevls, his oulhgs rgpirtlrìf gh ouapheaegfti `g sus looeifgs lh g-g-
rgftg Cgfgrlh;
(e) Ghlbirloeÿf `g hls `espiseoeifgs rgchlagftlrels `g irclfezloeÿf
irclfezloeÿf y jufoeifl-
aegfti `gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis, lsá oiai hl ai`eoloeÿf `g his efstru-
efstru-
agftis `g cgsteÿf4
(ee) Ghlbirloeÿf `g hl fugvl gstruoturl `g tlsls4
(eee) @gslrrihhi `g hls mgrrlaegftls tgofihÿceols fgogslrels plrl gh jufoeifl-
aegfti `gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis y aecrloeÿf `g hls prgf`ls gspgoelhgs yl
gxestgftgs lh agfoeifl`i Rgcestri4 y,
(ev) @gslrrihhi `g hls mgrrlaegftls tgofihÿceols fgogslrels plrl hl orgloeÿf `gh
_estgal Eftgcrl`i `g Clrlftáls y Oiftrltis.
Gh grgftg gfgrlh, lotulrì oiai oiir`efl`ir cgfgrlh `g his gquepis `g trlblki
`g hls loteve`l`gs `gsoretls prgog`gftgagftg, `gbegf`i vgreolr his lvlfogs, lsá oiai
supgrveslr gh ouapheaegfti `g his phlzis `g gkgouoeÿf `g hls loteve`l`gs lpribl`ls.
Lrtáouhi 0.- Hl grgfoel `g L`aefestrloeÿf y eflfzls `gbgrì
`gbgrì `itlr ipirtufl-
ipirtufl-
agftg his rgoursis fgogslreis plrl gh ouapheaegfti `g hls loteve`l`gs `gsoretls gf his
lrtáouhis prgog`gftgs, blki rgspifslbehe`l`.
Lrtáouhi 7.- Gh _upgreftgf`gftg L`kufti y gh grgftg gfgrlh
gfgrlh hhgvlrìf l olbi
rgufeifgs `g oiir`efloeÿf y supgrveseÿf rgspgoti `g his lvlfogs `g his crupis `g trl-
blki l ghhis gfoiagf`l`is, `gbegf`i efjiralr `g his rgsuhtl`i
rgsuhtl`i `g hls aesals lh @gs-
plomi `g hl _upgreftgf`gfoel
_upgreftgf`gfoel Floeiflh, pgreÿ`eolagftg.
Rgcástrgsg, oiaufáqugsg y pubháqugsg.
^EHLR JRGEPL_ L.
_upgreftgf`gftg Floeiflh `g his Rgcestris ^ûbheois.

25<
 G_PLBHGO
G_PL
JWF
JWFOEBHGOG
OEßF G FIRAL_
FIR
ßF FIPLRELH
FIP AL_GF
LRELH ^LRL
^LRL GH GK
HL JIR GALHE[LOEßF
KG RO
JIRALHE[ROEOEOEI
EI @G
@G @G
LOEßF HL
HL
LOPI_
LOPI _ ^RGZE_PI_
^RG ZE_PI_ GF HL
H L HG
HGUU @G HL
H L CLRLFPÁ
CLRLFPÁL L
AIBEHE
AI BEHELREL
LREL U GF GH _LFGLAEGFPI
_LFGLAEGFPI @G PRLOPI
_WOG
_WOG_EZ
_EZII EFPGRR
EFPG RRWA^E@I
WA^E@I @G BEGFG_ AWGBHG_
@GORGPI _W^RGAI F» ><2-2>>:-KW_
(<:/>:/ 2:)
>:)
GH ^RG_E@GFPG @G HL RG^ÛBHEOL
OIF_E@GRLF@I;
ug, ag`elftg hl Hgy F» 2=:33 - Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel, sg gstlbhgoeg-
gstlbhgoeg-
rif hls rgcuhloeifgs rgspgoti l hl oifstetuoeÿf, ai`eoloeÿf y gxtefoeÿf `g hl clrlf-
clrlf-
tál aibehelrel y sibrg hl prghloeÿf, ipifebehe`l` y pubheoe`l` `g his lotis kurá`eois `g
ljgotloeÿf `g begfgs augbhgs sglhl`is gf hl oetl`l firal hgclh
ug, oifjirag lh lrtáouhi ?0 `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel, plrl hl efs-efs-
orepoeÿf `g his lotis rgcestrlbhgs l qug sg rggrg gh lrtáouhi ?2 `g hl aesal Hgy,
Hgy, tegfg
aåreti suoegftg gh irauhlrei `g fsorepoeÿf lpribl`i pir hl _upgreftgf`gfoel Fl- Fl-
oeiflh `g his Rgcestris ^ûbheois - _WFLR^,
_WFLR^, susoreti pir his itirclftgs, oif olrìotgr
`g `gohlrloeÿf kurl`l y ogrteol`i pir Fitlrei ^ûbheoi, `gbegf`i qug`lr ufi `g his
gkgaphlrgs gf pi`gr `g ol`l Fitlrei, quegf hi culr`lrì y ousti`elrì, pu`egf`i gxpg-gxpg-
`er trlshl`is `gh aesai oif vlhir hgclh4
ug, oifjirag l hls prgveseifgs phlftgl`ls pir gh rgjgre`i lrtáouhi ?0 `g hl Hgy
`g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel, gh `gfiaefl`i ‘Jirauhlrei `g Efsorepoeÿf‑ oifstetuyg uf

fugvi efstruagfti
`gh Fitlrei ^ûbheoifitlrelh pritioihlr,`ggfgxpg`eoeÿf
y sgr susogptebhg hl ag`e`l `g
qugtrlshl`is
`gbg jiralr plrtg `gh lromevi
efstruagftlhgs oif gh
aesai vlhir hgclh, tlh oiai gstlbhgog gh lrtáouhi 27 `gh @gorgti Hgy F» 2:>>2 - Hgy
`gh Fitlrel`i, qug `espifg qug sif efstruagftis pritioihlrgs lqughhis qug gh Fitl-
rei efoirpirl lh pritioihi fitlrelh, his qug `gbg oifsgrvlr, gxpe`egf`i his trlshl`is
qug hl hgy `gtgraefl4
\ug, plrl his gjgotis `g hl lpheoloeÿf l`goul`l `g hi lftgs rgjgre`i,
r gjgre`i, gs fgogslrei
gstlbhgogr firals qug rgcuhgf gh gkgroeoei `g hl jufoeÿf fitlrelh plrl hl jiralhezloeÿf,
oifsgrvloeÿf y rgpri`uooeÿf `gh oetl`i efstruagfti pritioihlr fitlrelh4
\ug, lseaesai, hl Oulrtl @espiseoeÿf Oiaphgagftlrel `g hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál
Aibehelrel ml gstlbhgoe`i hl jlouhtl` `g hl _WFLR^ plrl slfglr gh trloti eftgrruape-
`i gf his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g Begfgs, segf`i oifvgfegftg prgoeslr, gf vál rgchlagf-
tlrel, gh gkgroeoei `g gstl jufoeÿf4

25?
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

ug, `g lougr`i l hi `espugsti pir gh @gorgti Hgy F» 2755? - Hgy rcìfeol `gh
_gotir Kusteoel, oirrgspif`g lh Aefestgrei `g Kusteoel, gftrg itrls oiapgtgfoels, fir-
alr y supgrveslr hl jufoeÿf rgcestrlh y fitlrelh4
\ug, oifsgougftgagftg, gs fgogslrei `eotlr hls firals rgchlagftlrels vefouhl-
`ls lh gkgroeoei `g hl jufoeÿf fitlrelh, qug rgcuhgf hl plrteoeploeÿf fitlrelh gf hl jir-
alhezloeÿf
lotuloeÿf gf`gghhisslfglaegfti
lotis efsorebebhgs prgvestis
`g trloti suogsevigf hl H gy `g hl Clrlftál
Hgy
eftgrruape`i Aibehelrel
`g begfgs augbhgs,y gf
su
slhvlculr`l `g hl sgcure`l` kurá`eol qug bref`lf gh rgcestri y gh fitlrel`i4
@g oifjirae`l` oif hi gstlbhgoe`i gf gh fuagrlh = `gh Lrtáouhi <<= `g hl Oifste-
tuoeÿf ^iháteol `gh ^grû y gh @gorgti Hgy F» 2755? - Hgy rcìfeol `gh _gotir Kusteoel
@GORGPL;
Lrtáouhi <.- Jirau
Jirauhlrei
hlrei `g Efso
Efsorr epo
epoeÿ
eÿf.
f.- Gf lpheoloeÿf `gh lrtáouhi ?0 `g hl
Hgy F» 2=:33 - Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel, gh efstruagfti fitlrelh pritioihlr
`gfiaefl`i; irauhlrei `g fsorepoeÿf sg sukgtlrì l hls secuegftgs `espiseoeifgs
gspgoelhgs;
l) Gh efstruagfti pûbheoi fitlrelh sg gxtgf`grì gf uf Rgcestri Gspgoelh `gfi- `gfi -
aefl`i ‘Rgcestri Fitlrelh `g clrlftáls y itrls ljgotloeifgs sibrg begfgs augbhgs‑,
ouyl lpgrturl `gbgrì sgr oiaufeol`l pir gh Fitlrei ^ûbheoi lftg gh Oihgcei `g Fitl-
reis oirrgspif`egftg. Fitl-
b) ^lrl hl jiralhezloeÿf
jiralhezloeÿf `g `eomi efstruagfti
efstruagfti fitlrelh blstlrì gh seaphg rgqugre
rgqugre--
aegfti `ergoti `g lhcufl `g hls plrtgs eftgrgsl`ls gf su itirclaegfti.
o) L gstg efstruagfti pûbheoi fitlrelh hg sif lpheolbhgs hls `espiseoeifgs gstl-
bhgoe`ls pir gh átuhi  `gh @gorgti
@gorgti Hgy F» 2:>>2, plrl his efstruagftis pûbheois fi-
fi-
tlrelhgs pritioihlrgs.
`) His efstruagftis fitlrelhgs altgrel `gh ‘Rgcestri Fitlrelh `g clrlftáls y
itrls ljgotloeifgs sibrg begfgs augbhgs, sg gxtgf`grìf rgspgtlf`i gh ir`gf `g hl gs-
gs-
truoturl `g `ltis `g his Jirauhlreis lpribl`is pir hl _WFLR^, pu`egf`i oiftgfgr,
l`eoeiflhagftg, his plotis gspgoelhgs qug lougr`gf hls plrtgs oiftrltlftgs.
Lrtáouhi 2.- Olheoloeÿf Rgcestrlh.- ^lrl gjgotis `g hl olheoloeÿf rgcestrlh `g
his efstruagftis
ljgotloeifgs sibrgfitlrelhgs gxtgf`e`issggflpheolrìf
begfgs augbhgs, gh ‘Rgcestri Fitlrelh
his phlzis `g clrlftáls
y lholfogs y itrls-
`g olheol-
olheol
oeÿf rgcestrlh prgvestis pir gh lrtáouhi ?: `g hl Hgy `g hl lrlftál Aibehelrel. Hl olhe-
olhe-
oloeÿf `g his plotis gspgoelhgs sg heaetlrì, ûfeolagftg, l hi qug sgl fgogslrei plrl
l`goulr gh efstruagfti fitlrelh oif gh lftgog`gftg rgcestrlh i oiaphgtlr gh trloti su-
ogsevi, sef qug ghhi eaphequg hl gvlhuloeÿf `gh loti oifstetutevi i cgfgrl`ir `gh loti
efsorebebhg.
Lrtáouhi ?.- Prlshl`i
Prlshl`iss Efstruagftlhgs.
Efstruagftlhgs.- His trlshl`is efstruagftlhgs `gh ‘Rg-
prg-
cestri Fitlrelh `g clrlftáls y itrls ljgotloeifgs sibrg begfgs augbhgs sgrìf his prg-
vestis pir gh lrtáouhi =2 `gh @gorgti Hgy F» 2:>>2, tgfegf`i aåreti efsorebebhg ti`is
his trlshl`is rgcuhl`is pir `eoml firal hgclh.
Lrtáouhi 0.- _lfg
_lfglaeg
laegfti
fti `gh Prloti Eftgrr uape`i.- ^lrl gjgotis `gh sl-
fglaegfti `gh trloti eftgrruape`i `g vgmáouhis lutiaitirgs, prgoáslsg qug gh

250
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

priog`eaegfti `g prgsorepoeÿf l`quesetevl `g `iaefei rgcuhl`i pir gh lrtáouhi ? `g hl

Hgy F» 2=?27 gs lpheolbhg l ti`l ohlsg `g vgmáouhis lutiaitirgs efsoretis gf hl _W-
_W-
FLR^.. Ag`elftg Rgsihuoeÿf
FLR^ Rgsihuoeÿf `gh _upgreftgf`gftg Floeiflh
Floeiflh `g his Rgcestris
Rgcestris ^ûbheois
- _WFLR^,
_WFLR^, pi`rì mlogrsg gxtgfsevi y l`goulrsg `eomi priog`eaegfti plrl gh slfgl-
slfgl-
aegfti `gh trloti eftgrruape`i `g itris begfgs augbhgs efsorebebhgs gf his `gaìs Rg-
Rg -
cestrisLrtáouhi
Kurá`eois7.-`gEfsor
Begfgs
EfsorepoeAugbhgs
ÿf `g ^r`ggf`ls
epoeÿf oiapgtgfoel `g hl _WFLR^.
oifstetue`ls
oifstetue`ls _WFLR^
lftgr. eirr e`l` l hl ve-
oif lftgrei
oif ve-
cgfoel `g hl Hgy F» 2=:33.- His oiftrltis `g prgf`ls gspgoelhgs sef `gsphlzlaegf-
ti qug sg mlylf jiralhezl`i ag`elftg efstruagftis `g jgoml oegrtl, lftgreirgs l hl ve-
cgfoel `g hl Hgy F» 2=:33, sgrìf efsorebebhgs gf gh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis
i gf his Rgcestris Kurá`eois `g Begfgs Augbhgs `g oiapgtgfoel `g hl _WFLR^, sg-
cûf gh olsi, `gbegf`i prgsgftlrsg plrl su efsorepoeÿf lh Rgcestri gf uf phlzi aìxe- aìxe -
ai `g 5> `áls olhgf`lrei oiftl`is l plrter `g hl gftrl`l gf vecgfoel `gh prgsgftg @g-
orgti _uprgai.
Lrtáouhi :.- Rg Rgjrg
jrgf`i
f`i..- Gh prgsgftg @gorgti _uprgai sgrì rgjrgf`l`i pir gh
Aefestri `g Kusteoel.
@l`i gf hl Olsl `g ibegrfi, gf Heal, l his quefog `áls `gh ags `g kufei `gh li `is
aeh sges.
LHGKLF@RI PIHG@I
^rgse`gftg Oifstetuoeiflh `g hl Rgpûbheol
LHGKLF@RI PW@GHL OMI^EPGL
Aefestri `g Kusteoel.

257
Bebheicrljál
 BEBHEICRLJÁL
<. LHBLHL@GKI, Alfugh. @grgo mi Oeveh. Blroghifl; G`etirelh Bisom,
@grgomi
<533, vihuagf EEE, plrtg 2.
2. LHBLHL@GKI, Alfugh. @grgom @grgomi i Oeveh. 5ª g`eoeÿf. Blroghifl; G`eti-
relh Hebrgrál Bisom, tiai EEE, 2>>2.
?. LHBLHL@GKI, Alfugh. Gh Fgcio ei Kur á`eoi. Blroghifl; Hebrgrál
Bisom, <57=.
0. LHELC L MWLRE
LHELCL MWLRE^ ^LPL, Hues Lhbgrti. ‘Hl clrlftál aibehelr
aibehelrel
el y sus
lspgotis rgcestrlhgs‑. Gf Lotulhe`l` Kur á`eol, F» <7<. Heal; Clogtl
Kurá`eol, kufei `gh 2>>:.
7. LHH, ^luhl. ‘Oifse`grloeifgs sibrg hls clrlftáls aibehelrels `gs`g hl
pgrspgotevl `gh sestgal lrcgftefi‑. Gf @grgo
@grgomi
mi `gh Oiagr
Oiagroei
oei Eftgrfl-
oeiflh. Jhirelfìpihes; Bietglux, F» 3/=, 2>>3.

:. LHH, ^luhl Alrál y ^LHHLRÅ_, Bgltrez. ‘Gh råceagf `g hls clrlftáls

aibehelrels gf gh trìoi oiagroelh eftgrfloeiflh. Hl setuloeÿf lrcgftefl.
Rgoursi ghgotrÿfeoi 8mttp;//`grgomicgfgrlh.bhicspit.oia/2><2/>2/gh-
rgceagf-`g-hls-clrlftels-aibehelrels.mtah6.
3. ÌHZLRG[ OL^GRI
ÌHZ OL^GRIOME^E
OME^E,, Kiså Lftifei. Our si `g @gr
@grgom
gomis
is Rglhgs.
Rglhgs
Al`re`; G`etirelh Oevetls, <5=3, tiai EE.
=. LRLFL @G HL JWGFPG, Eslbgh. ‘Hl rgjiral jrlfogsl `g hls clrlftáls
aibehelrels‑. Gf Ef@rgt. 2/2><2. Rgvestl ghgotrÿfeol. 8www.ef`rgt.oia/
Ef@rgt. 8www.ef`rgt.oia/
p`j/=5<Yg s.p`j6.
5. LRLPL _IHÁ_
LRLP _IHÁ_,, Aiesås y LHGCRG ^IRRL_, @lfegh. ‘^loti `g
rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l`‑. Gf Oÿ
Oÿ̀e
`e ci Oeveh Oiagftl`i. Heal; Clogtl Kurá-
`eol, 2>>:.
<>. LREL_-_OMRGEBGR ^G[GP^G[GP,, Alx. Gxåcg ses `gh O`e
ÿ̀e c
ÿ i Oeveh p
g ru
lfi
lfi
`g <
0
=
5 . Oif hl oihlbirloeÿf `g Olrhis Oìr`gfls \uerÿs, Ghverl Alrtáfgz

255
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

Oioi y Ìfcghl Lrels-_omrgebgr Aiftgri. Heal; _lf Kgrÿfeai G`eoei-

fgs, <5=5, tiai EE.
<<. LREL_-_OMRGEBGR ^G[GP
^G[GP,, Alx. Gxåcg ses `gh O`e
ÿ̀e c
ÿ i Oeveh p
g ru
lfi
lfi
`g <
.
0
=
5 @grgomis Rglhgs. 2ª g`eoeÿf. Heal; Firals Hgclhgs, 2><<,

tiai EEE.
<2. LREL_ BLRRGRL,
BLRRGRL, Hecel
Hecel Oltmgrefg. ‘Cgfgrlhe`l`gs `gh råceagf `gh
orå`eti sef`eol`i; agfoeÿf gspgoelh lh `grgomi efchås‑. Gf Rgvestl `g
mi ^revl`i, F» 22, gfgri-kufei 2><2.
@grgomi
@grgo

<?. LZGF@LÜI LRLFL, Jrlfoesoi. ‘Oiagftlreis l his lrtáouhis ==7 y

==:‑. Gf Oÿ`eci Oeveh Oiagftl`i. Heal; Clogtl Kurá`eol,
Kurá`eo l, 2>>?, tiai Z.
<0. LGF@L LRLFL, rlfoes
rlfoesoi.
oi. Gh `geoia
`geoiaesi.
esi. Gf Rgvestl ^WO^.
F» 7>, Heal, <55:.
<7. LGF@L LRLFL, rlfoes rlfoesoi.
oi. Hl ohlseol
ohlseoloeÿf
oeÿf `g his begfgs. Gf
Miagflkg l Kircg Lvgf`li. i. Heal; if`i G`etirelh `g hl ^ifteoel
ü
Wfevgrse`l` Oltÿheol `gh ^grû, 2>>0, vihuagf EE.
<:. LGF@L LH@G, Kircg. @gfeoe
@gfeoeÿf
ÿf `g prgf`l. Oiagftlrei lh
lrtáouhi <>77‑. Gf Oÿ
Oÿ̀e
`e ci Oeveh Oiagftl`i. Heal; Clogtl Kurá`eol,
2>>?, tiai Z.
<3.  ORGA,
ORGA, Klo. Gxpiseoeÿf `g Aitevis
Aitevis oelh `gh Oÿ`eci
Oÿ`eci
Oeveh‑. Gf Gh ^grulfi
lfi . _gplrltl Gspgoelh, 20 `g alrzi `g <55>.

<=. BIOOMEFE, Jgrflf`i. Hl vgf`etl `e oisg aibe he. Aehlfi; @itt. L.

Ceujjrí, <550.
<5. BWHHLR@ CIF[ÌHG[, Lhjrg`i. ‘_ibrg gh Oÿ`eci Oÿ`eci Oeveh
Oeveh y his `efi-
`efi-
slureis‑. Gf ¹^ ir quå mly qug olabe lr gh O`e
ÿ̀e i
ÿ c Oeveh9 Heal; Wfevgr-
se`l` ^grulfl `g Oegfoels Lpheol`ls,
Lpheol`ls, 2>><.
2>. OLBLFGHHL_, Cuehhgrai. @eooeiflrei Kur á` á`eo
eoi
i Gh
Ghga
gagftlhh. <0ª g`e-
gftl
oeÿf. Bugfis Lergs; G`etirelh Mghelstl, 2>>>.
2<. OLFPWLREL_
OLFPWL REL_ _LHL _LHLZGRRU
ZGRRU,, Jgrflf`i. ‘Loogsi lh orå`eti ag`elftg
hl rgjiral `g hl hgceshloeÿf sibrg clrlftáls rglhgs‑. Gf Miagflkg l Kirc
g
Lvgf`lü
L vgf`lüi. Heal; if`i G`etirelh `g hl ^ifteoel Wfevgrse`l` Oltÿheol
i.
`gh ^grû, 2>>0, tiai E.

?>>
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

22. OL_PGHHLRG_ LCWEHLR, Rihlf`i4 AGKIRL@L OMLWOL, Alr-

táf y IRPGCL ^ELFL, Alroi Lftifei. ‘@g hl prgf`l l hl clrlftál
aibehelrel; ufl veseÿf oráteol - Agsl Rg`if`l‑. Gf L`violtus . Rgvestl
g`etl`l pir lhuafis `g hl Wfevgrse`l` `g Heal, F» <0, 2>>:.

2?. OL_PEHHI Oiagftlreis lh Oiftrlti `g Oiap

r l-
vgftl. Heal; JRGURG, Alrei.2>>2.
Clogtl Kurá`eol,
20. OL_PEHHI JRGURG, Alrei. His oiftrltis sibr g be gfg fgss lkgfiss. Hebri
lkgfi
pubheol`i oif gh luspeoei `gh
`gh Oifsgki Floeiflh `g Oegfoel y Pgofihicál
(Oifoytgo). Heal; Jegssl, <55>.
27. OL_PEHHI JRGURG, Alrei. Pgftloeifgs Lol`åaeols. Hl rgjiral `gh
Oÿ̀e
Oÿ
`e ci Oeveh p
g ru
lfi `g <
lfi .
0
=
5 Heal; if`i G`etirelh `g hl ^ifteoel
Wfevgrse`l` Oltÿheol `gh ^grû, <55=, tiai EE.
EE .
2:. OL_PEHHI JRGURG, Alrei. Prltl`i `g hl Zgftl. Heal; ^lhgstrl,
if`i G`etirelh `g hl ^ifteoel Wfevgrse`l` Oltÿheol `gh ^grû y Gstu`ei
Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg, 2><>, tiai EE.
23. OL_PEHHI JRGURG, Alrei y ZÌ_\WG[ DWF[G, Reolr`i. Lflhe-
zlf`i gh lfì
h eses. Lu
t ip
s el `gh Lfì
h ese
sess Go
Goif
ifÿ
a eo
ÿ eoi
i `gh
`gh @g
@grrgo
gomi
mi p
ir gh
mi Oeveh. Heal; if`i G`etirelh `g hl ^ifteoel Wfevgrse`l` Oltÿ-
@grgomi
@grgo Oltÿ-
heol `gh ^grû y Gstu`ei Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg, 2>>0.
2=. OL_PEHHI JRGURG, Alrei. Oif hl oihlbirloeÿf `g Kmigh Omeplfl
Oltlhìf. Agairel `gh @grgomi ^grulfi sibrg Clrlftáls Aibehelrels.
Prlblki prgsgftl`i gf gh Oifcrgsi sibrg ‘Hl Gvihuoeÿf `g hls Clrlf-
táls Augbhgs gf gh @grgomi Jrlfoås y Hltefilagreolfi‑, irclfezl`i
pir hl Lsioeloeÿf
L sioeloeÿf Lf`rås Bghhi `g Kurestls Jrlfoi-Hltefilagr
Jrlfoi-Hltefilagreolfis,
eolfis,
hl Wfevgrse`l` @egci ^irtlhgs `g Omehg y hl Wfevgrsetå ^lftmgif-Lssls,
qug tuvi huclr gf hl oeu`l` `g _lftelci `g Omehg gh ? y 0 `g sgptegabrg
`g 2><0.
25. OL_PEHHI JRGURG, Alrei. Oif Oif hl oihlbirloeÿf `g Zgrÿfeol Risls
Risls
Bgrlstlef. Lfìh ese
esess `g hl Hgy `g
`g hl Clrl
Clrlftá
ftál
l Aib
Aibe helrel. Heal; Gstu`ei
Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg, ^lhgstrl G`etirgs y Oihgcei `g Fitlreis `g Heal,
2>>:.
?>. OIFJGRGFOEL @G HL_ FLOEIFG_ WFE@L_ _IBRG OIAGROEI
U @G_LRRIHHI. Chislrei `g hl `gu
`l y `gh E_ CL@G. Fugvl Uird
`gùl ;
IFW, s/l.

?><
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

?<. OWL@RI_ ZEHHGFL, Olrhis Jgr`eflf`. @grgom @grgomis

is Rglhgs. @grgom
@grgomis
is
Clrlftál. Heal; G`etirl Jgolt, <55:, tiai EZ.
Rglhgs `g Clrlftál

?2. @G HL JHIR AL ALPI_,

PI_, Alfugh. h j`geoiaesi i`lhe`l`gs  trltl-
aegfti hgceshltei gf gh gr. Pgses plrl iptlr gh tátuhi `g lbicl`i, sus-

tgftl`l
`gh ^grû,gfghhlalrtgs
louhtl`
3 `g`ggfgri
@grgomi `g hl ^ifteol Wfevgrse`l` Oltÿheol
`g <553.
??. @G HL ^WGFP
^WGFPG G U HL
HLZZLHHG, Alfugh. Gh Oiftrlti gf Cgfgrlh. Heal;
^lhgstrl, 2><<, tiai EE.
?0. @G HL ^WGFP
^WGFPG G U HL
HLZ
ZLHHG, Alfugh. stu`eis sirg gh oiftrlti `g
oiaprlgftl. Heal; Clogtl Kurá`eol, <555.

?7. @G HL ^WGFP
^WGFPG G U HL
HLZZLHHG, Alfugh. estgal grulfi `g iftrltl-
oef eeh. Heal; Clogtl Kurá`eol, 2>>>.

?:. @G PRL[GCFEG_ CRLF@L, Jgrflf`i. l e`gl `gh grgomi gf gh

gr gpuheolfi `gh sechi  Heal; if`i G`etirelh `g hl ^ifteoel
Wfevgrse`l` Oltÿheol `gh ^grû, <552.
?3. @GHCL@I FEGPI, Rlûh Keaay Keaay.. ‘Hl Hgy `g Clrlftál
Clrlftál Aibehelrel
Aibehelrel gf su
`gslrrihhi rgcestrlh‑. Gf otulhe`l` ur`eol, F» <:3. Heal; Clogtl
Clogtl Kurá-
`eol, iotubrg `gh 2>>3.
?=. @GHL@ _OGGHKG, hvlri. hvlri. Hl Hgy `g lrlftál
lrlftál Aibehelrel y gh
ai`ghi rgcestrlh l`iptl`i gf gh ^grû‑. Gf stu`eis sirg hl fugl
fugl hg
hg `g
aiehelrels Heal; Lroi Hgclh G`etirgs, 2>>:.
clrlftls aiehelrels

?5. @ÁG[-^EOL[I, Hues. uf`lagftis `gh grgo mi eeh ltreaifelh.

grgomi
Al`re`; G`etirelh Oevetls, <55:, vihuagf .

0>. GFFGOOGRW_, Hu`wec4 DE^^ SIHJ,, Alrtef. Prltl`i `g

DE^^,, Pmgi`ir y SIHJ
grgomi
grgomi eeh gr
grgomi oisls  Blroghifl; Bisom, <57<, vihuagf .
gomi `g oisls

0<. G_OLR RL_, rg``y rg``y.. rgvg gfslyi sibrg gh `iaefei `uoelrei
gf gh sestgal kurá`eoi pgrulfi‑. Gf mgaes. Heal, F» 0=, 2>>0.
02. JGRFÌF@G[, Rlyauf`i y CßAG[ HGI, svlh`i. rltl`i tgreoi
proteoi `g grgom
grgomi
i iagroelh. Bugfis Lergs; G`etirelh @gplhal, <552,
iagroelh
tiai EEE-O.
0?. GRRGR @L, grÿfeol. @gh lrtáouhi 5 `gh Oÿ`eci `g Oiagroei
Wfejirag `g GG.WW. l hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel ¹Jloehetlf`i gh

?>2
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

loogsi sistgfe`i lh orå`eti9‑. Gf L`violtus . Rgvestl g`etl`l pir lhua-

fis `g hl Wfevgrse`l` `g Heal, F» <0, 2>>:.
00. JHGE_E
JHGE_EC, C, Mgywii` S. @elcfÿs teoi y rrgoiagoiagf`lo
gf`loeifgs
eifgs `g agkirl
agkirlss
p
l r l gh
lr gh ses
sestg
tgal
al `g lr
l r lf
c lftá
tál
ls ai
aib
e he
hel
lrels. Slsmefctif @.O.; Juf`loeÿf
rel

OGLH, alrzi `g 2>>5.

07. JHGE_EC, Mgywii` S. ‘Oisti goifÿaeoi `g his `gjgotis gf gf gh alroi
hgclh lrcgftefi plrl his orå`etis oif clrlftál gf begfgs augbhgs‑. Gf
OGLH. Slsmefctif @.O.; OGLH, fivegabrg `g <555.

0:. JHIRG_ KWÌRG[, Kulf Jrlfoesoi. His `grgom `grgomis

is rglhgs gf fu g strl
hgc f . 2ª g`eoeÿf. Cultgalhl; G`etirelh Gstu`elfteh Jåfex, 2>>2.
e shloeÿ

03. JHIRRELCL @G BIFE_, Jlbeìf. Hl fug vl pr gf

gf`l
`l se
sef
f `gs
`gsp
h lzl
p zla
aeg
egfti.
fti
_lftelci `g Omehg; Lbghg`i ^grrit, 2><<.
0=. HG,
HG, Kiså rlfoesoi. Oi`eoloeÿf y @grgomi f`elfi; gh Oÿ`eci
Oeveh pgrulfi `g <=72‑. Gf Rgvestl Omehgfl `g Mestire
Mestirel
l `gh @gr
@grgomi.
gomi.
_lftelci; Jlouhtl` `g @grgomi `g hl Wfevgrse`l`
Wfevgrs e`l` `g Omehg, tiai E, F» 22.
05. CLROÁL OLH@GRßF, Alfugh. @grgo @grgomi Eftgrfloeiflh ^revl`i. Heal;
mi Eftgrfloeiflh
G`eoeifgs Wfe`l` Gstu`elfteh, <5:0.
7>. CLRRE@I, Riqug Jirtuflti y [L [LCI
CI,, Kircg Lhbgrti. Oiftrltis oevehgs
oiagroelhgs. Bugfis Lergs; G`etirelh Wfevgrse`l`, <5=5.
y oiagroelhgs

7<. CLPPE,
CLPPE, G`auf`i y LH LHPGREFE
PGREFE,, Kircg M. Gh @grgomi Rglh. Bugfis
@grgomi
Lergs; G`etirelh ^grrit, <55<.
72. CIF[LHG_ BLRRßF, Cuftmgr
Cuftmgr.. @grgomis Rglhgs. Heal; Kurestl G`e-
@grgomis
tirgs, 2>>7.
7?. CIF[LHG_ BLRRßF, Cuftmgr Cuftmgr.. ‘Looeÿf
‘Looeÿf rgevef`eoltirel y `gslhiki
`gslhiki
pir prgolrei‑. Gf Lotulh e`l` Kur á`eol. Heal; Clogtl Kurá`eol, F» 2?2,
alrzi `g 2><?.
70. MGUSII@ S., S., Jhgesec4 @G HL ^GÜL, Furel4 OLFPWLREL_
OLFPWLREL_,, Jgr-
flf`i y HIFGU,
HIFGU, Oirgy. ‘^grû; @elcfÿsteoi y rgoiagf`loeifgs
rgoiagf`loe ifgs `g agki-
rls plrl gh sestgal‑. Gf Juf`loeÿf OGLH. Slsmefctif;
Slsmefctif; Ogftri
Ogftr i `g Lfìhe-
ses Goifÿaeois plrl Hgygs `g clrlftáls aibehelrels, alrzi `g 2>>5.
77. EBLRRL CLR[L, Rljlgh4 ERRL @G HL ORW[, Rgfå y RLAÁRG[
RGUG_, _lftelci. Aåaier
Aåaiergg `u `riet agxeolef su
r hgs c
lr lftegs

?>?
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

aib
e heírgs.Prlblki prgsgftl`i gf gh Oifcrgsi sibrg ‘Hl Gvihuoeÿf `g
hls Clrlftáls Augbhgs gf gh @grgomi Jrlfoås y Hltefilagreolfi‑, ircl-
fezl`i pir hl Lsioeloeÿf Lf`rås Bghhi `g Kurestls Jrlfoi-Hltefilagre-
olfis, hl Wfevgrse`l` @egci ^irtlhgs `g Omehg y hl Wfevgrsetå ^lftmgif-
Lssls, qug tuvi huclr gf hl oeu`l` `g _lftelci `g Omehg gh ? y 0 `g
sgptegabrg `g 2><0.
7:. KWEHHGP, Omerstipmg. Ghgagfts l pr gf`gf`rg
rg gf
gf oifse`
oifse`grl
grltei
teif
fp iru hl p
iu r g-
p
lr ltei
lr lteif
f `gs
`gs agaie
agaierg
rgss fltei
flteiflu
flu
x sur hgs lr
l r lf
c lfte
tegs
gs aibe hegrgs. Prlblki
prgsgftl`i gf gh Oifcrgsi sibrg ‘Hl Gvihuoeÿf `g hls Clrlftáls
C lrlftáls Aug-
bhgs gf gh @grgomi Jrlfoås y Hltefilagreolfi‑, irclfezl`i
irclfezl`i pir hl Lsi-
oeloeÿf Lf`rås
Lf`rås Bghhi `g Kurestls Jrlfoi-Hltefilagreolfi
Jrlfoi-Hltefilagreolfis, s, hl Wfevgrse-
`l` @egci ^irtlhgs `g Omehg y hl Wfevgrsetå ^lftmgif-Lssls, qug tuvi
huclr gf hl oeu`l` `g _lftelci `g Omehg gh ? y 0 `g sgptegabrg `g 2><0.
73. HLJLEHHG, Måotir y LH LHPGREFE
PGREFE,, Kircg Mirloei. @grgo
@grgomimi Oeveh. Prl-
tl`i `g his @grgomis Rglhgs. 2ª g`eoeÿf. Bugfis Lergs; Hl Hgy - G`elr,

2><<, tiai Z.
7=. HLAL AIRG, Måotir.
Måotir. ‘Jirals `g gkgroetlr
gkgroetlr gh `grgomi `g
`g rgtgfoeÿf
rgtgfoeÿf‑.
‑.
Gf Oÿ
Oÿ̀e
`e ic O ev
eveh
eh Oi
Oiag
agft
ftl` i. Heal; Clogtl Kurá`eol, 2>>?.
l`i

75. HL[I FLZFLZLRRI, Kircg. ‘Wfl veseÿf cgfgrlh sibrg hl tetuhezloe

tetuhezloeÿf
ÿf `g
lotevis gf gh ^grû‑. Gf Pmgaes. Heal, F» 70, 2>>3.
:>. HW[[LPPI,
HW[[LPPI, Ruccgri. Hl oiapr lvgftl. Al`re`; Efstetuti G`etirelh
RGW_, <57?.
:<. ALE_OM ZIF MWABIH@P
MWABIH@P,, Huorgoel. His @grgomi
@grgomiss Rglhgs. ?ª g`e-
oeÿf. Heal; _tu`eua, <5=0.

MWABIH@P, Huorgoel. Gf Oÿ
:2. ALE_OM ZIF MWABIH@P, Oÿ̀e
`e c
i Oeveh. Gxp
is eoeÿ
f
`g aitevis y oiagftlreis. @ghel Rgvirg`i `g @gbldg y (Oi
(Oiap
apeh
ehl`
l`ir
irl)
l)..
Heal; Idur l, <5=
<5=7,
7, tia
tiaii Z.
:?. ALFPEHHL G_^EFI_L, Jlbreoei. Ghgagfts l pr gf`
gf`rg
rg gf oif
oifse`
se`grl
grl--
teif iu
i
pur hl p
r gplr lte
lr lteif
if `gs agaie
agaierrgs flteif
flteiflu
lu
x su
r hgs c
lr lft
fteg
egss ai
aib
e -
hegrgs. Prlblki prgsgftl`i gf gh Oifcrgsi sibrg ‘Hl Gvihuoeÿf `g hls
Clrlftáls Augbhgs gf gh @grgomi Jrlfoås y Hltefilagreolfi‑, irclfe-
zl`i pir hl Lsioeloeÿf Lf`rås Bghhi `g Kurestls Jrlfoi-Hltefilagreol-
fis, hl Wfevgrse`l` @egci ^irtlhgs `g Omehg y hl Wfevgrsetå ^lftmgif-
Lssls, qug tuvi huclr gf hl oeu`l` `g _lftelci `g Omehg gh ? y 0 `g
sgptegabrg `g 2><0.

?>0
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

:0. AÌZEHL M., @lfegh. ‘Je`geoiaesi gf clrlftál‑. Gf Ef`us tr trel

elhh @ltl.
ltl
Zih. 7, F» 2, Heal, 2>>2. 8mttp;//sesbeb.u
8mttp;//sesbeb.ufasa.g`u.pg/bebve
fasa.g`u.pg/bebvertulh/pubhe-
rtulh/pubhe-
oloeifgs/ef`ltl/v>7f2/`geclrlf.mta.
:7. AGKIRL@L OMLWOL, Alrtáf. ‘Gxtgfseÿf `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel‑.
Gf Gstù
Gstu
`ee is si
sibr g h l fu
g vl Hgy
Hgy `g
`g hl Clr
Clrlft
lftál
ál Aib
Aib
e helrel. Heal; Lroi
Hgclh G`etirgs, 2>>:.
::. AGKIRL@L OMLWOL, Alrtáf. ‘Clrlftál Aibehelrel; ¹@grgomi Rglh9‑.
Gf Ltmefl. Rgvestl g`etl`l pir lhuafis `g hl Wfevgrse`l` `g Heal,
F» 0, 2>>=.
:3. AGKIRL@L OMLWOL, Alrtáf. Alrtáf. ‘Clrlftál Aibehelrel; Fivg`l` y Rge-
vef`eoloeÿf‑. Gf Pmgaes. Rgvestl g`etl`l pir his gstu`elftgs `g hl Jlouh-
tl` `g @grgomi `g hl ^ifteoel Wfevgrse`l` Oltÿheol `gh ^grû, F» 72,
2>>:.
:=. AEFE_PGREI @G GOIFIAÁL U JEFLF[L_. Jloehetlf`i gh Loogsi
lh r`eti ag`elftg uf estgal jol `g lrlftls glhgs. @iouagfti
`g rlblki pubheol`i gf gh @elrei oelh Gh ^grulfi. _gplrltl Gspg-
Gspg -
oelh. Heal, <: `g kuhei `g 2>><.
:5. AE_^ERGP
AE_^ER GPL L CÌH
CÌHZG[,
ZG[, Olrhis L. Gf Oÿ
Oÿ̀e
`e ci Oeveh Oiagftl`i. Heal;
Clogtl Kurá`eol, 2>>?, tiai Z.
3>. AIRL OL_L_IHL, Záotir Muci. Oift Oiftrlti
rlti `g ^r
^rgf`l
gf`l y su
su gkgou
o eÿ
f
oif åfjlses gf hls p
r ì
o teols Ku
r esp `gg foelhgs. Pgses plrl iptlr pir gh
r u
ù
crl`i `g heogfoel`i gf @grgomi. _lf Kiså; Jlouhtl` `g @grgomi Wfevgr-
se`l` `g Oistl Reol, 2>>0.
3<. AWCEHHI, Ribgrti.
Ribgrti. ‘^ribhgals
‘^ribhgals y sihuoeifgs gf hl oifstetuoeÿf `g
clrlftáls rglhgs aibehelrels oif plrteouhlr rgjgrgfoel l hl setuloeÿf
lrcgftefl‑. Gf OGLH Essug s Bregj. Slsmefctif @.O.; OGLH, F» ?, lbreh
`g 2>><.
32. IKG@L CWEHHÅF, Hues. Alfulh `g Ibh eclo eifgs. Heal; GOB G`eoei-
fgs, 2><2.
3?. I_PGRHEFC ^LRI@E,
^LRI@E, Jghepg y OL_PEHHI JRGURG, Alrei. Alrei. ‘Gh
plci ef`gbe`i y quegf hi rgoebg `g bugfl jg‑. Gf Rgvestl Kur á`
á`eo
eol
l `gh
^grû, lü
i H EE, F» ?:,
?:, Prukeh
Prukehhi,
hi, kuhei
kuhei `gh 2>>2.
2>>2.

?>7
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

30. ^E[LRRI LRLFCWRGF, Hues. ‘Gh Oÿ`eci Oÿ`eci Oeveh pgrulfi y hl oiftrl-
tloeÿf lotulh‑. Gf ¹^ ir quå mly qug olabe lr gh O`e c Oeveh9 Heal;
ÿ̀e i
ÿ
Wfevgrse`l` ^grulfl `g Oegfoels Lpheol`ls,
Lpheol`ls, 2>><.
37. ^HLFE
^HLFEIH,
IH, Alrogh y RE^GRP
RE^GRP,, Cgircgs. Prltl`i rp ìo te
teoi
oi `g @g
@grrgo
gomi
mi
Oeveh jrlfoås. Clrlftáls Rglhgs. ^reagrl p
lr tg.
@álz Oruz. Hl Mlblfl; Ouhturlh _.L., <50:, tiai Prl`uooeÿf
]EE. `g Alrei

3:. ^WEC ^GÜL, Jg`greoi. Oiapg f`ef`eii `g @gr

@grgom
gomi
i Oeveh
Oeveh gspüh . 2ª g`e-
lih
lü
i
oeÿf. ^laphifl; Lrlfzl`e, <53:, tiai EE.
33. RLAÁRG[ ORW[, Gucgfei. Prltl`i `g @grgomis Rglhgs. Heal; G`eti-
relh _lf Alrois, <555, tiai EE.
3=. RLAI_ FÛÜG[, Olrhis. Gh Oÿ Oÿ̀e
`e ic Flp ih gfe
f e oi y su
ÿ su rgo
rgogp
gp
o eÿ
f gf
Laåreol Hltefl. Heal; if`i G`etirelh `g hl ^ifteoel Wfevgrse`l`
Oltÿheol `gh ^grû, <553.
35. RLAI_ FÛÜG[, Olrhis. Mestirel `gh @grgom
@grgomi
i Oeveh p
g ru
lfi. e_ c
lfi. h is
    l oi`ejoloef `gh sechi  is o`ecis `g hl ifg`g-
rloeÿ
f y gh Oÿ̀e
Oÿ`e c
i Oeveh `g < 2 . Heal; if`i G`etirelh `g hl ^ifteoel
= 7
Wfevgrse`l` Oltÿheol `gh ^grû, 2>>7, tiai EE.
=>. RLAI_ FÛÜG[, Olrhis. Mestirel `gh @grgom
@grgomi
i Oeveh p
g ru
lfi. e_ c
lfi. h is
]E] y ]]. Piai ZE. Gh Oÿ
Oÿ̀e
`e ci `g .<:
?
5 Zihu
a gf 2
. Hl c å fg
fgse
sess y hl
hlss
g ftgs. Heal; if`i G`etirelh `g hl ^ifteoel Wfevgrse`l` Oltÿheol `gh
ju
^grû, 2>>5, tiai ZE, vihuagf 2.
=<. RIBL_ _ÌFOMG[, Hues Lhifsi. ‘Hgy `g `g clrlftál
clrlftál aibehelrel; Wf ves-
ves-
tlzi sioeigoifÿaeoi‑. Gf Kus . @io
@iotr
tref
efl o teol, F» 0. Heal; Crekhgy
l y ^rì
^rì Cr ekhgy,,
lbreh `g 2>>3.
=2. RI@RÁCWG[ ZGHLR@G, Klvegr
Klvegr.. Oiftrltloeÿf gapr gslrelh. Heal;
G`etirelh Ri`mls, <55=.
=?. _LHEFL_ REZL_,
REZL_, _grcei.
_grcei. ‘Gh rih `gh Gstl`i gf hl oiftrltloeÿf prevl`l;
l pripÿseti `gh prefoepei `g pritgooeÿf lh `gu`ir gf gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh
pgrulfi‑. Gf ¹^ ir quå mly qug olabe lr gh O`e c Oeveh9 Heal; Wfevgr-
ÿ̀e i
ÿ
se`l` ^grulfl `g Oegfoels Lpheol`ls,
Lpheol`ls, 2>><.
=0. _ÌFOMG[ OGRFL, Hues Jgrflf`i. ‘Rgcestris pûbheois y hl hl clrlftál
clrlftál
aibehelrel gf gh ^grû‑. Rgoursi ghgotrÿfeoi 8mttp;//www.rgcestrl`irgs-
pgru.irc/wp-oiftgft/uphil`s/2><?/>2/RgcestrisY^ubheoisYyYhlYClrlf-
telYA ibe
behl
hlre
relY
lY
^ gru.p`j6.

?>:
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

=7. _IALRREZ
_IALRRE ZL WF@WRWF@WRRLCL,
RLCL, Alfugh. Prltl`i `g hls Oluo eifgs. _lf-
telci `g Omehg; G`etirelh Kurá`eol G`elr Oifisur, <555.
=:. PLRL[I
LRL[IFLFL LHLHZZLRL@I
LRL@I,, Jgrflf`i
Jgrflf`i.. ‘Oiagftl
‘Oiagftlreis
reis l his prefoeplhgs
prefoeplh gs
pribhgals prìoteois `g hl Hgy `g Clrlftál Aibehelrel‑. Gf Lotulh e`l`
Ku
r á`eol, F» <:7, Heal; Clogtl Kurá`eol,
Kurá`eol, lcisti `g 2>>3.
2>>3.
=3. PI^L_EI
PI^ L_EI JGRRGPE
JGRRGPE,, Lh`i. @grgomi Rialfi ^ltreaifelh. Aåxeoi;
Wfevgrse`l` Lutÿfial
Lutÿfial `g Aåxeoi, <552.
==. ZLHGFOE
LHGFOELL [GL, Lrturi. @grgomi Oeveh. Bicitì; G`etirelh
G`etire lh Pgaes,
Pgaes, <5==,
tiai EZ.
=5. SLULR, GrfgGrfgsti
sti Ohga
Ohgagftg
gftg.. Oiapr lvgftl y pg raut l. Bugfis Lergs;
G`etirelh Lstrgl, <5=0.

?>3
Áf`eo
Áf `eogg cg
cgfgr
fgrlh
lh
 ÁF@EO
ÁF@EOGG CGF
CG FGR
GRLLH
^lhlbrls heaeflrgs ..........
....................
...................
...................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
...............
..... 3

OL^ÁPWHI E
Hl prgf`l; lftgog`gftg mestÿreoi
y fir
firalt
altev
evii `g hl
hl clr lf
lftál
tál aibehelr
aibehelrel
el
<. Cgfgrlhe`l`gs .........
...................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
.............
... <?
2. Hl prgf`l gf gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh `g <=72 .......... ....................
....................
....................
....................
...............
..... <7
?. Hl prgf`l gf gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh `g <5?: ..........
....................
....................
....................
....................
...............
..... <3
0. Hl prgf`l gf gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh `g <5=0 ..........
....................
....................
....................
....................
...............
..... 2>
0.<. Hl prgf`l oiai `grgomi rglh `g clrlftál .......... ....................
....................
....................
.......... 2?
0.2. Olrlotgrgs `g hl prgf`l oiai `grgomi rglh .......... ....................
....................
.................
....... 20
0.?. Jugftgs `g hl prgf`l .........
...................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
.............
... 2:
0.0. Hls prgf`ls hgclhgs .........
...................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
...............
..... 2:
0.7. ^rgf`ls suogsevls..........
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
.................
....... 23

0.:. Hl alh `gfiaefl`l prgf`l tìoetl .......... ....................

....................
....................
....................
.............. 2=
0.3. Hl prgf`
prgf`ll sibrg
sibrg orå`etis
orå`etis y sibrg tátuhis vlhirgs gf gh gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh
`g <5=0..........
....................
...................
...................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
..............
.... 25
0.=. Hl prgf`l `g `efgri ............................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
..............
.... ?<
0.5. Hl priagsl `g prgf`l .......... ....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
.......... ?2
0.<>. @grgomis y ibhecloeifgs `gh lorgg`ir prgf`lrei .......... ....................
...................
......... ??
0.<>.<. @grgomis `gh lorgg`ir prgf`lrei .......... ....................
....................
....................
.......... ??
0.<>.2. Ibhecloeifgs `gh lorgg`ir prgf`lrei .......... ....................
....................
..............
.... ?5
0.<<. @grgomis y ibhecloeifgs `gh `gu`ir prgf`lrei.......... ....................
....................
.............. 02
0.<<.<. @grgomis `gh `gu`ir prgf`lrei.......... ....................
....................
....................
..............
.... 02

?<<<
?<
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

0.<<.2. Hls ibhecloeifgs `gh `gu`ir prgf`lrei .........

0.<<.2. ...................
....................
.............
... 07
0.<2. ^rgf`l sef trl`eoeÿf ..........
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
.............
... 0:
0.<?. Gxtefoeÿf `g hl prgf`l .........
...................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
.......... 0=
0.<0. Oiagftlreis flhgs
flhgs.........
...................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
...............
..... 7>
7. Itrls firals qug rgcuhlrif hl prgf`l ..........
....................
....................
....................
....................
...............
..... 7<

OL^ÁPWHI EE
Hl clr lft
lftáál aibehe
aibehelr
lr el
<. Lhcufis oiagftlreis gf tirfi lh gsqugal gsqugal `g clrlftáls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs
augbhgs vecgftg gf gh ^grû .........
...................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
.............
... 75
2. Hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel y su eaploti gf gh ir`gflaegfti kurá`eoi
oeveh ..........
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
..................
........ :<
2.<. Ai`eoloeÿf `gh `gh gsqugal ohlseoltirei `g `g begfgs augbhgs g
efaugbhgs gstlbhgoe`i pir gh Oÿ`eci Oeveh .......... ....................
....................
..................
........ :2
2.2. Wfeoloeÿf `g rgcáagfgs hgclhgs oif rghloeÿf l hl prgf`l .... ........
........
...... :?
2.?. Gxtgfseÿf `g his begfgs qug sg pug`gf ljgotlr gf clrlftál aibehelrel
y hl pgrsgoutireg`l` `g his aesais ......... ...................
....................
....................
....................
.......... :0
2.0. Hl gxtgfseÿf `gh orå`eti ..........
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
.................
....... :7
2.7. Gsqugal rgcestrlh `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel.......... ....................
....................
.................
....... ::
2.:. Fugvl firaltevl
firaltevl sibrg hl gkgouoeÿf gkgouoeÿf gxtrlku`eoelh y gh ploti
oiaesirei ..........
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
...................
......... :5
2.:.<. _ibrg hl gkgouoeÿf gxtrlku`eoelh ......... ...................
....................
....................
..............
.... :5
2.:.2. _ibrg gh ploti oiaesirei .......... ....................
....................
....................
....................
..............
.... 3<

OL^ÁPWHI EEE
OL^ÁPWHI EE E
Hl clr
clrlf
lftál
tál aibehelr
aibehelrel
el sibr
sibrgg begfgs
begfgs augbhgs
<. Hl clrlftál aibehelrel sibrg begfgs augbhgs oirpÿrgis ..........
....................
..................
........ 3?
<.<. Flturlhgzl `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel sibrg begfgs oirpÿrgis .......... 37
<.2. Oifstetuoeÿf `g `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel aibehelrel sibrg begfgs augbhgs augbhgs
oirpÿrgis..........
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
.......... 3=
<.2.<. ^ribhgals rghltevis l hl oifstetuoeÿf `g hl clrlftál
aibehelrel..........
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
..................
........ =>

?<2
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

<.2.<.<. Oifsecflr gh `iaeoehei `g hl pgrsifl qug rglhezlrì

hl gkgouoeÿf gxtrlku`eoelh `g hl clrlftál.........
.................
........ =>
<.2.<.2. Aifti `gh crlvlagf `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel ...... =2
<.?. Gh rgcestri `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel sibrg begfgs augbhgs oirpÿrgis =?

<.0. i@grgomis y ibhecloeifgs

`gpisetlrei.......... `gh
.................... oifstetuygftg
....................
.................... y `gh
.................... gvgftulh
.................... l`quergftg
....................
....................
...............
..... =7
<.0.<. @grgomi lh usi, `esjrutg y `espiseoeÿf `gh begf ljgotl`i ..... =:
<.0.2. Ibhecloeÿf `g gftrgclr gh begf lh rgprgsgftlftg `gsecfl`i `gsecfl`i
plrl su vgftl i, gf su `gjgoti, lh lorgg`ir oulf`i åstg
fitequg lh oifstetuygftg hl `goeseÿf `g priog`gr l hl
gkgouoeÿf.........
...................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
.......... =3
<.0.?. Ibhecloeÿf `g oifsgrvlr gh begf ......... ...................
....................
....................
..............
.... ==
<.0.0. Ibhecloeÿf `g pgraeter qug gh lorgg`ir rglheog efspgooeifgs
sibrg gh begf.........
...................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
...............
..... ==
<.0.7. Ibhecloeÿf `g efjiralr lh lorgg`ir sibrg hl ubeoloeÿf,
trlshl`i, vgftl, trlfsjiraloeÿf i trlfsjgrgfoel `gh begf fi
rgcestrl`i ..........
....................
....................
...................
...................
....................
....................
...................
......... =5
<.7. @grgomis y ibhecloeifgs `gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i .......... ....................
...............
..... 5>
<.7.<. @grgomi `g gkgoutlr hl clrlftál oulf`i sg pri`uzol gh
efouapheaegfti `g hl ibhecloeÿf clrlftezl`l......... ...................
..............
.... 5<
<.7.2. Ibhecloeÿf `gh lorgg`ir, gf olsi tuvegsg hl pisgseÿf `gh
begf, `g oue`lrhi y alftgfgrhi gf bugf gstl`i gstl`i ................
....................
.... 5?
<.7.?. Ibhecloeÿf `gh lorgg`ir,lorgg`ir, gf olsi tuvegsg tuvegsg hl pisgseÿf
pisgseÿf `gh begf,
`g pgroeber his jrutis g eftgrgsgs qug gh aesai pri`uzol g
eaputlrhis lh plci `g hl ibhecloeÿf......... ...................
....................
...................
......... 50
<.7.0. Ibhecloeÿf `g `gvihvgr gh begf begf lh oifstetuygftg ufl vgz sg
mlyl ouaphe`i oif hl ibhecloeÿf prefoeplh clrlftezl`l ....... 50
<.7.7. Ibhecloeÿf `g plclr gh vlhir `gh begf gf olsi `g pår`e`l .... 57
<.7.:. @grgomi `g rgoupgrlr hl pisgseÿf `gh begf .......... ....................
.................
....... 5:
<.:. Goloel `g hl clrlftál sibrg begf augbhg oirpÿrgi oirpÿrgi gf olsi `g
priog`eaegfti `g efsihvgfoel
efsihvgfoel i `g «quegbrl´..........
«quegbrl´....................
....................
..............
.... 53
2. Lhcufis oiagftlreis oráteois..............................
....................
....................
....................
....................
...................
......... 5=
2.<. _ibrg his rgquesetis plrl hl oifstetuoeÿf y rgcestri `g hl clrlftál
aibehelrel .........
...................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
.......... 5=
2.2. _ibrg hl curl `gh rgprgsgftlftg oiaûf.......... ....................
....................
....................
.............. 55
2.?. _ibrg his begfgs susogptebhgs `g sgr ibkgti `g clrlftál aibehelrel . <><
2.0. _ibrg hl gxtgfseÿf `gh orå`eti ......... ...................
....................
....................
....................
...................
......... <>0
?. Gh priygoti `g hl fugvl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel.......... .....................
.......................
.............. <>7

?<?
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

?.<. Hls ai`lhe`l`gs `g clrlftál aibehelrel sibrg begf augbhg .........

............
... <>:
?.2. Rgquesetis plrl hl oifstetuoeÿf `g ufl clrlftál aibehelrel ............
............ <>3
?.?. Begfgs qug pug`gf itirclrsg gf clrlftál aibehelrel ..........
....................
.............
... <>5
?.0. Gxtgfseÿf `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel rgspgoti `gh begf ..........
....................
............ <<?
?.7. ^ubheoe`l` `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel ..........
....................
....................
....................
..................
........ <<7
0. Hl clrlftál aibehelrel gf gh @grgomi oiaplrl`i............
.........................
..........................
.....................
........ <<=
0.<. Gh gsqugal `g hl clrlftál aibehelrel gf hl Rgpûbheol Lrcgftefl .... <<5
0.2. Gh sestgal psgu`iufeol`i `g Omehg .........
...................
....................
....................
..................
........ <22
0.?. Hl gxpgregfoel oihiabelfl .........
...................
....................
....................
....................
....................
.............
... <20
0.0. Jrlfoel y hl lotulhezloeÿf `g uf sestgal ohìseoi ohìseoi..........
....................
....................
.......... <2=
0.7. Gh alroi kurá`eoi gf Aåxeoi .............
.......................
....................
....................
....................
...............
..... <?<

OL^ÁPWHI EZ

Lhcufl
Lhcufls
l hls Hgy
oifse`gr
oifse`grloei
`g hlloeifgs
hl C lrfgs
Clr cál
cgfgr
gfgrlhgs
lftál
lft lhgshegf
Aibe
Aibeh lr eltir
t irfi
fi
<. Clrlftáls sibrg his augbhgs oirpirlhgs oif i sef `gspisgseÿf .........
.................
........ <??
<.<. Wfl vgz qug ml se`i plcl`i
plcl`i gh lorgg`ir pir gh oulh jug oifstetue`l
hl clrlftál, ¹pug`g `eoml clrlftál bgfgoelr lh aesai lorgg`ir
plrl itrl `gu`l i plrl itri lorgg`ir9 ..........
....................
....................
....................
................
...... <??
<.2. Oif rghloeÿf
rghloeÿf l hl blsg hgclh sibrg
sibrg hl clrlftál aibehelrel,
aibehelrel, ¹gxestg¹gxestg
uf råceagf oiaûf i plrteouhlr9 @gftri `g ol`l oltgcirál,
¹ouìh gs gh gstl`i `g hls `espiseoeifgs `gh Oÿ`eci i `g hls hgygs
(rgchlagftloeÿf ûfeol i auhtepheoe`l` `g clrlftáls gspgoáols gf
jufoeÿf `g hl flturlhgzl `g his begfgs Tpir gkgaphi, ¹vlreis tepis
`g prgf`l9Q9 Gf gh olsi qug gxestlf clrlftáls plrteouhlrgs, ¹gs qug
hls plrtgs tegfgf hl pisebehe`l` `g hebrlrsg `g ghhls gsoicegf`i hl
rgchlagftloeÿf `g `grgomi oiaûf9.........
...................
....................
....................
....................
.......... <?0
<.?. ¹Ouìhgs sif hls jugftgs pitgfoelhgs `g gstls clrlftáls
(oifvgfoeiflhgs, hgclhgs, ku`eoelhgs)9 ..........
...................
...................
....................
.................
....... <?7
<.0. ¹Ouìhgs sif hls
hls oif`eoeifgs
oif`eoeifgs `g vlhe`gz
vlhe`gz `g hl (i `g hls) clrlftál(s)9
¹_g trltl `g uf oiftrlti
oiftrlti oifsgfsulh
oifsgfsulh i `g `g uf oiftrlti jiralh9 jiralh9 ......... <?:
<.7. ¹Gs fgogslrel
fgogslrel hl `gspisgseÿf9 Gf gh olsi qug hl rgspugstl rgspugstl sgl
lraltevl, ¹sg trltl `g ufl oif`eoeÿf `g vlhe`gz i `g ufl oif`eoeÿf
`g ipifebehe`l`9 Gf gh olsi qug hl `gspisgseÿf fi sgl fgogslrel
plrl hl vlhe`gz `g hl clrlftál, ¹gxestgf jiralhe`l`gs
jiralhe`l`gs qug sustetuygf sustetuygf
hl lusgfoel `g `gspisgseÿf y, gf olsi lraltevi, ouìhgs sif9 @g

?<0
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

alfgrl cgfgrlh, ¹ouìhgs sif hls ai`lhe`l`gs prgvestls plrl hl

ipiseoeÿf mloel his tgrogris9 .........
...................
....................
....................
....................
....................
.......... <?=
<.:. ¹Ouìhgs sif
sif his gjgotis `g hl clrlftál (`grgomi (`grgomi `g rgtgfoeÿf,
`grgomi `g prgjgrgfoel, `grgomi `g pgrsgouoeÿf y, gvgftulhagftg,
itrls prgrricltevls)9 .........
...................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
.............
... <?5
<.3. ¹Ouìhgs sif hls oif`eoeifgs `g rglhezloeÿf
rglhezloeÿf y ouìhgs ouìhgs sif his ai`is
`g rglhezloeÿf `g hl clrlftál (vgftl `gh begf y oibri sibrg gh prgoei,
ltrebuoeÿf ku`eoelh, quå suog`g oif hl ohìusuhl `g ltrebuoeÿf `g
phgfi `grgomi Tploti oiaesireiQ,
oiaesireiQ, gto.)9..........
....................
....................
....................
.............
... <0<
<.=. ¹Ouìh gs hl sihuoeÿf
sihuoeÿf plrl rgsihvgr his oifeotis gftrg lorgg`irgs
(lorgg`ir tetuhlr `g ufl clrlftál oiftrl lorgg`ir quericrljlrei4
lorgg`ir tetuhlr `g ufl clrlftál oiftrl itri lorgg`ir tetuhlr `g ufl
clrlftál sibrg gh aesai begf4 lorgg`ir tetuhlr `g ufl clrlftál sibrg
uf begf oiftrl lorgg`ir tetuhlr `g ufl clrlftál sibrg uf oifkufti `g
begfgs gf gh oulh
oulh gstì oiaprgf`e`i gh preagr begf)9 .......... ...................
.............
.... <00
<.5. ¹Ouìh gs hl goloel `g hl clrlftál gf olsi `g priog`eaegfti `g `g
efsihvgfoel i `g «quegbrl´9.........
...................
....................
....................
....................
....................
.............. <00

2. Clrlftáls sibrg his augbhgs efoirpirlhgs .......... ....................

....................
....................
....................
.......... <0:
2.<. ¹_ibrg quå tepis `g begfgs efoirpirlhgs pug`g oifogrfer hl clrlftál
(orå`etis, plrtgs sioelhgs y looeifgs, pripeg`l`gs eftghgotulhgs,
lotevis efoirpirlhgs `g hl gaprgsl, gto.)9.........gto.)9...................
....................
....................
............ <0:
2.2. Oif rghloeÿf
rghloeÿf l hl clrlftál aibehelrel sibrg begfgs efoirpirlhgs
¹Gxestg uf råceagf oiaûf i plrteouhlr9 ¹Ouìh gs gh råceagf `g
@grgomi oiaûf gf olsi fgcltevi9 ¹Ouìhgs sif his rgcáagfgs
plrteouhlrgs9
plrteouh lrgs9 ................
..................................
....................................
....................................
..............................
............ <0=
?. Gh `grgomi `g rgtgfoeÿf.........
...................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
...................
......... <05
?.<. ¹Ouìhgs sif his rgquesetis
rgquesetis `gh `grgomi `grgomi `g rgtgfoeÿf9 ¹Lolsi sÿhi
oifoegrfg l hls oisls oirpirlhgs i pug`g gxtgf`grsg l hls oisls
efoirpirlhgs9 ..........
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
..............
.... <05
?.2. ¹Ouìh gs su flturlhgzl9
flturlhgzl9 ¹Gs gh gh rgtgfg`ir
rgtgfg`ir tetuhlr `g ufl ufl vgr`l`grl
vgr`l`grl
clrlftál9 ¹Pegfg uf `grgomi `g prgjgrgfoel9 ......... ...................
....................
................
...... <7<
?.?. ¹L queåf sg pug`g ipifgr gh `grgomi `g rgtgfoeÿf9 ......... ...................
...............
..... <7<
?.0. ¹_g trltl `g ufl clrlftál qug pug`g sgr rglhezl`l (gkgoutl`l)9 ....... <72
?.7. ¹Ouìh gs hl goloel `g hl clrlftál gf olsi `g priog`eaegfti `g
efsihvgfoel i `g «quegbrl´9.........
...................
....................
....................
....................
....................
.............. <7?
0. Hl rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l` .........
...................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
..................
........ <70
0.<. ¹Gf quå oiftrltis hl rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l` pug`g sgr prgvestl (gf
ti`is his oiftrltis trlshltevis `g pripeg`l` i seaphgagftg gf hl
vgftl)9 ¹_ibrg quå begfgs pug`g oifogrfer hl clrlftál9 ..........
.................
....... <70

?<7
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

0.2. ¹Ouìh gs hl flturlhgzl `g hl rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l`9

pripeg`l`9 ¹Gs qug sg trltl
`g ufl vgr`l`grl clrlftál (lseaehlbhg, pir gkgaphi, l hl prgf`l) i
`g uf agolfesai `ejgrgftg (rgqueseti, tåraefi suspgfsevi, gto.)9
Gspgoelhagftg, ¹pug`g sgr trlfsaete`l `g phgfi `grgomi oif hl
ibhecloeÿf ouyi ouapheaegfti gstì clrlftezl`i pir ghhl9 ..........
...............
..... <77

0.?. ¹Ouìhgs sif hls¹gfoif`eoeifgs

sif
Gspgoelhagftg, oif`eoeif
quå aiagfti gs `g `gbg vlhe`gz sgr ygstepuhl`l9
`g ipifebehe`l`9
ipifebehe`l
¹^ug`g `9
sgr oifstetue`l oif pistgreire`l` l hl oifohuseÿf `gh oiftrlti
trlshltevi, i `gbg `g sgr oifoiaetlftg9 ¹Gs ipifebhg pir gh seaphg
mgomi `g qug jug gstepuhl`l i gs qug sg `gbgf ouapher ag`e`ls `g
pubheoe`l`9.........
...................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
..................
........ <:>
0.0. Gf gh olsi gf gh qug gh begf gs trlfsjgre`i pistgreiragftg pistgreiragftg pir gh
vgf`g`ir, ¹pug`g gh bgfgoelrei mlogr vlhgr su clrlftál lftg gh
subl`quergftg9 ..........
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
...................
............. <:?
0.7. ¹Ouìhgs sif his gjgotis `g hl rgsgrvl rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l` (trlfsaeseÿf `g
regscis, gto.)9 ¹Ouìhgs sif hls prgrricltevls plrl gh lorgg`ir qug sg
bgfgoel `g gstl clrlftál9 .......... ....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
.............
... <:0
0.:. ¹Ouìh gs hl sihuoeÿf
sihuoeÿf plrl rgsihvgr his oifeotis gftrg gh qug qug `espifg
`espifg
`g hl pripeg`l` rgsgrvl`l y his itris lorgg`irgs (gspgoelhagftg gh
prgf`lrei, rgtgfg`ir,
rgtgfg`ir, pisgg`ir)9......... ...................
....................
....................
....................
...............
..... <::
0.3. ¹Ouìhgs sif his ai`is `g rglhezloeÿf rglhezloeÿf `g hl rgsgrvl `g pripeg`l`9 pripeg`l`9
¹Rgevef`eoloeÿf ûfeolagftg9 .......... ...................
...................
....................
....................
...................
......... <32
0.=. ¹Ouìh gs hl goloel
goloel `g hl clrlftál gf olsi `g priog`eaegfti priog`eaegfti `g
efsihvgfoel i `g «quegbrl´9......... ...................
....................
....................
....................
....................
.............. <3?
7. Gh `geoiaesi oiai clrlftál.......... ....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
...................
......... <30
7.<. ¹Ouìh gs hl flturlhgzl `gh `grgomi `g pripeg`l` `gh bgfgoelrei bgfgoelrei
`g hl clrlftál9 ¹Gs qug sg hg oifse`grl oiai phgfi pripegtlrei
seaphgagftg siagte`i l ufl ibhecloeÿf `g rgstetuoeÿf, i gstì aìs
heaetl`l su pripeg`l`9 Gf gh olsi `g qug gxestl ufl `uoel prgvestl
plrl gstg supugsti, ¹gstì efsperl`l gf hl `uoel-cgsteÿf, oifioe`l
gf oegrtis `grgomis i gs `ejgrgftg9 ¹_g pug`g lpghlr ufl `uoel `g
tepi `gh @grgomi Rialfi (j`uoel oua org`etirg org`etirg)9 ..........
....................
...............
..... <30
7.2. ¹Ouìh gs
gs gh ìabeti gf oulfti l his begfgs9 ¹P ¹Pi`i
i`i tepi `g begfgs9 begfgs9
¹^ug`g oifogrfer ufl ufevgrslhe`l`9 ¹@gbgf his begfgs gstlr
fgogslrelagftg e`gfteol`is9 ¹_g rgquegrg fgogslrelagftg uf
oiftrlti9................
oiftrlti9..........................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
...............
..... <35
7.?. ¹Ouìhgs sif hls oif`eoeifgs `g vlhe`gz y `g ipifebehe`l`9 ¹Gs
qug sg trltl `g uf oiftrlti oifsgfsulh i jiralh9 ¹Ouìhgs sif hls
ag`e`ls `g pubheoe`l`9 ¹Gs qug his begfgs ibkgti `g hl clrlftál sg
juf`gf gf gh pltreaifei `gh bgfgoelrei9..........
bgfgoelrei9....................
....................
....................
.......... <=>
7.0. ¹^ug`g hl clrlftál, ufl vgz vgz plcl`i gh lorgg`ir, lorgg`ir, bgfgoelr l åstg åstg
plrl itrl `gu`l i l itri lorgg`ir9 ......... ...................
....................
....................
....................
.............. <=<

?<:
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

7.7. ¹Ouìhgs sif his rgquesetis y ai`is `g rglhezloeÿf

rglhezloeÿf `g hl clrlftál9
¹Oÿai tialf gf ougftl gh mgomi `g qug gh lorgg`ir clrlftezl`i
yl gs pripegtlrei9 ¹Gs fgogslrel ufl `goeseÿf `g kusteoel qug hg
ltrebuyl `gfetevlagftg hl pripeg`l`9 .........
...................
....................
....................
...............
..... <=2
7.:. ¹Ouìh gs hl goloel `g hl clrlftál gf olsi `g priog`eaegfti `g
efsihvgfoel i `g «quegbrl´9.........
...................
....................
....................
....................
....................
.............. <=?
:. Hl l`queseoeÿf `g hl pripeg`l` (hglsefc) oiai clrlftál .......... ....................
.................
....... <=0
:.<. Fioeÿf y kusteoloeÿf; ¹sg trltl `g ufl vgr`l`grl clrlftál9 ¹L
quå fgogse`l` oirrgspif`g gstg agolfesai (clrlftál eftgcrl`l l
ufl ipgrloeÿf `g flfoelaegfti; gkgaphi `gh hglsefc i `g itris
lrrgf`laegftis flfoegris)9 .........
...................
....................
....................
....................
....................
.......... <=0
:.2. ¹Ouìh gs gh ìabeti `g gstl clrlftál9 Gf oulftioulfti l his begfgs;begfgs; ¹gs ¹gs qug
qug
ti`is his begfgs augbhgs pug`gf sgr ibkgti `g gstl ipgrloeÿf9 Gf
oulfti l hls pgrsifls; ¹gs qug gstì heaetl`l l his prijgseiflhgs9 ........ <= <=::
:.?. ¹Ouìhgs sif hls oif`eoeifgs `g vlhe`gz y `g ipifebehe`l`9 ipifebehe`l`9
Gspgoelhagftg, ¹gs qug sg rgquegrg ufl efsorepoeÿf gf uf rgcestri9 r gcestri9
¹Ouìhgs sif hls ohìusuhls qug sg pug`gf gstepuhlr (gkgaphi `g hl
lfuhloeÿf `g hl vgftl pir veoeis iouhtis, regscis `g hl oisl gto.)9 .. <=3
:.0. ¹Ouìhgs sif hls oif`eoeifgs
oif`eoeifgs `g rglhezloeÿf9
rglhezloeÿf9 ¹Hl pisebehe`l`pisebehe`l` `g
l`querer gs ufl fgogse`l` i efohusi ufl ibhecloeÿf `g l`querer9
¹@g quå ai`i hl gfte`l` flfoegrl, yl pripegtlrel, priog`g plrl
rglhezlr su clrlftál gf olsi `g efouapheaegfti `g plci9.......... ................
...... <==
:.7. ¹Ouìh gs hl goloel
goloel `g hl clrlftál gf olsi olsi `g priog`eaegfti `g
efsihvgfoel i `g «quegbrl´9..........
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
............ <=5
3. Hls clrlftáls rghltevls l suals `g `efgri .........
...................
....................
....................
....................
............ <=5
=. Hls «clrlftáls fgcltevls´ ..........
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
..............
.... <5>
=.<. ¹\uå gsgs ufl clrlftál fgcltevl9 ¹Ouìhgs sif his `ejgrgftgs tepis tepis
(ohìusuhl `g fi gflkgfloeÿf, ohìusuhl plre plssu, ibhecloeÿf `g
lsioelr i vefouhlr lh lorgg`ir l hl oghgbrloeÿf `g oegrtis oiftrltis,
gto.)9 ¹Gf quå oifsestgf ghhls9..........
....................
...................
...................
....................
..................
........ <5>
=.<.<. Gh ploti `g fi gflkgfloeÿf ..........
....................
....................
....................
....................
............ <5>
=.<.2. Hl ohìusuhl plre plssu .........
...................
....................
....................
....................
...................
......... <53
=.<.?. Hl ohìusuhl `g lsioelr i vefouhlr
vefouhlr lh lorgg`ir
lorgg`ir l hl oghgbrloeÿf
oghgbrloeÿf
`g oegrtis oiftrltis ..........
....................
....................
...................
...................
....................
.............
... <5=
=.2. ¹^ug`gf ghhls rgjgrersg tlfti
tlfti l uf begf `gtgraefl`i oiai l uf
oifkufti `g begfgs9 ¹Ouìh gs su flturlhgzl y quå hls `estefcug `g
hls clrlftáls trl`eoeiflhgs9 ..........
....................
....................
...................
...................
....................
.............
... 2><
=.?. ¹Ouìhgs sif hls oif`eoeifgs `g vlhe`gz (pripels `g ol`l tepi `g
loti gf gh oulh ghhls eftgrvegfgf)9 ..........
....................
...................
...................
....................
.............
... 2>2
=.0. ¹Ouìhgs sif hls prgrricltevls oifjgre`ls l su tetuhlr9 .......... ....................
............ 2>2

?<3
 Alrei Olstehhi Jrgyrg / Kmigh Omeplfl Oltlhìf

=.7. ¹Oÿai sg gjgotûl hl rglhezloeÿf (gkgouoeÿf) `g gstg tepi `g clrlftál

(slfoeifgs oiftrlotulhgs)9 ..........
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
.............
... 2>?
=.:. ¹Ouìh gs hl goloel `g hl clrlftál gf olsi `g uf priogsi `g
efsihvgfoel i `g quegbrl9 @g alfgrl aìs gspgoáol, ¹gstg tepi `g
clrlftál prgsgftl eftgrås gf gh alroi `g priogsis (i priog`eaegftis)
`g gstg tepi i gs titlhagftg prevl`l9 ..........
....................
....................
....................
.................
....... 2>?
5. ¹Mloel hl ufe`l` `g hl clrlftál9 ..........
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
..............
.... 2>0
5.<. ¹Gstì hl tgf`gfoel
tgf`gfoel lotulh
lotulh l jlvir `g hl ufe`l` ufe`l` `g hl clrlftálclrlftál sibrgsibrg
his begfgs augbhgs9 .........
...................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
..............
.... 2>0
5.2. Pgxtis `g hl WFOEPRLH,
WFOEPRLH, IGL y itris irclfesais irclfesais eftgrfloeiflhgs
lh rgspgoti .........
...................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
...................
......... 2>0
5.?. Eftgrgsgs `g tgfgr ufl clrlftál ufejirag ......... ...................
....................
....................
.............. 2>7
5.0. @eouhtl`gs `gbe`ls l hl `evgrse`l` `g begfgs oifogrfe`is pir hls
clrlftáls aibehelrels. ¹Gs segaprg l`goul`l hl ufe`l`9 .......... .................
....... 2>7
<>. Hl goloel
goloel eftgrfloeiflh
eftgrfloeiflh `g hls clrlftáls
clrlftáls aibehelrels.......... ....................
....................
.............. 2>:
<>.<. Jugftgs `g hls rgchls lpheolbhgs. ¹Gxestgf oifvgfoeifgs auhtehltgrlhgs
i behltgrlhgs qug sg lphequgf9 Mly priygotis `g oifvgfoeifgs `g
WFE@RIEP, pir gkgaphi, pir hi agfis plrl oegrtis begfgs (tgxtis
rghltevis l hls clrlftáls aibehelrels, lh lrrgf`laegfti flfoegri).
^i`rál mlbgr Oifvgfeis `g ufeoloeÿf `gh `grgomi altgrelh i
Oifvgfeis rghltevis l hl rgchl `g oifeoti i lh rgoifioeaegfti gf
uf plás `g clrlftáls aibehelrels oifstetue`ls blki hl hgy `g itri plás,
lsá oiai plrl hls ougsteifgs `g ir`gf priogslh y `g gkgouoeÿf. ^lrl
his plásgs `g Laåreol Hltefl, ¹ouìh gs gh eaploti i hl efugfoel `g
pgrtgfgogr
pgrtgfgo gr l hl LHGFL i lh AGROI_WR9
AGROI_WR9 ..........
....................
....................
.................
....... 2>:
<>.2. Gf lusgfoel `g oifvgfei eftgrfloeiflh, ¹ouìh gs hl hgy lpheolbhg l ufl
clrlftál aibehelrel9 ¹Ouìh gs gf gh plás `g gkgouoeÿf gh rgoifioeaegfti
`g hl clrlftál oifstetue`l sgcûf ufl hgy gxtrlfkgrl9 Hl prgcuftl `gbg
sgr trltl`l tlfti gf oulfti l hl lprgmgfseÿf i gablrci `g uf begf
jugrl
gh sgfi`g`gufgstg
priog`eaegfti `g efsihvgfoel
priog`eaegfti. i `g «quegbrl´,
Gf labis supugstis, ¹ouìh oiai
gs hl hgy gf
lpheolbhg l hl ohlseoloeÿf `g his lorgg`irgs tetuhlrgs `g uf `grgomi
`g prgjgrgfoel sibrg gh i his aesais begfgs9 ...............
..............................
....................
..... 2>3
<>.?. Gf oulfti l su goloel eftgrfloeiflh, ¹hls clrlftáls hgclhgs i
ku`eoelhgs oifstetue`ls gf gh gxtrlfkgri gstìf siagte`ls lh aesai
råceagf qug hls clrlftáls oifstetue`ls pir oiftrlti9 ¹Gf oulfti l
his begfgs ibkgti `g hl clrlftál, oulf`i gstis sif plrteouhlragftg
aÿvehgs (lgriflvgs, blrois, pir gkgaphi) gh råceagf gs gh aesai9
Hl prgcuftl tlabeåf sg phlftgl gf hi qug oifoegrfg l ufl gvgftulh
`ejgrgfoel `g råceagf kurá`eoi `gh rgoifioeaegfti oulf`i hl
clrlftál rgolg sibrg uf begf i sibrg uf oifkufti `g begfgs (clrlftál
sibrg stiods, iltefc omlrcg
omlrcg) . ..........
....................
....................
....................
....................
................
...... 2>=

?<=
 Hls clrlftáls sibrg begfgs augbhgs

LFG]I_
Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel
• Hgy F¾ 2=:33 ..........
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
.............
... 2<?

Rgchlagfti oif
vefouhloeÿf `g his
efsorepoeifgs `gh Rgcestri
Rgcestris Kurá`eois Aibehelrei
`g Begfgs Augbhgs`g Oiftrltis y su
• Rgsihuoeÿf F¾ <02-2>>:-_WFLR^/_F .........
...................
....................
....................
....................
.............
... 2?3
Lprugblf tlsls lpheolbhgs lh Rgcestri Aibehelrei `g Oiftrltis y lh sestgal
eftgcrl`i `g clrlftáls y oiftrltis
• @gorgti _uprgai F» ><?-2>>:-KW_ ..........
....................
....................
....................
....................
..................
........ 23?
Rgchlagfti `g efsorepoeifgs
e fsorepoeifgs `gh Rgcestri `g ^ripeg`l` Zgmeouhlr
Zgmeouhlr
• Rgsihuoeÿf `gh _upgreftgf`gftg Floeiflh `g his Rgcestris ^ûbheois
F» >?5-2><?-_WFLR^/_F.........
...................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
.............
... 233
Lprugbl ^hlf `g Eaphgagftloeÿf `g hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel

• Rgsihuoeÿf F» >:3-2>>:-_WFLR^/_F..............................
....................
....................
....................
.............
... 2=5
Gstlbhgog firals plrl gh gkgroeoei `g hl jufoeÿf fitlrelh gf hl jiralhezloeÿf
`g lotis prgvestis gf hl Hgy `g hl Clrlftál Aibehelrel y gf gh slfglaegfti `g
trloti suogsevi eftgrruape`i `g begfgs augbhgs
• @gorgti _uprgai F» ><2-2>>:-KW_ ..........
....................
....................
....................
....................
..................
........ 25?

Bebheicrljál ..........
....................
....................
...................
...................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
...............
..... 255
Áf`eog cgfgrlh ..........
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
............ ?<<

?<5