KL]@TLA ]GAOLBWKWLA SGT_EN@ OETWLAN DGTKELA

TXWO or. B. J. LAXLTE XLKGB DLAILTJLXEA

]T@SEAXE FLKEJLA_LA XGKL_LA
XGKL_LA

Oesusua @kgb 9

Laore Lre Xlaoe

AEJ. <<<?5=<<5=422

]T@NTLJ X_WOE FG]GTL^

FG]GTL^L_LA ]T@CGXE AGTX
XGF@KLB _EANNE EKJW FGXGBL_LA X_EFGX OLTWK LYBLT DL_WKEHEA
_LALB DWJDW

4=4=
L. ]GANGT_ELA
Sgrtgrg sultu esteklb olklj dlblsl kltea ylan jgruplfla dlblsl klea olre vgrten`,
ylan
ylan lrteay
lrteayll jgjutl
jgjutlrr. Sgrten`
grten` olklj
olklj fljus
fljus dlblsl
dlblsl oetgrig
oetgrigjlb
jlbfla
fla oganla
oganla pu
pusea
sean
n
(^lby`
(^lby`a`,
a`, 4=<2). Ogceaese vgrten`
vgrten` lolklb ngrlfla
ngrlfla (serfu
(serfukgr
kgr ltlu keaegr),
keaegr), ltlu ngrlfla
sgdgalrayl olre tudub ltlu keanfuanla sgfetlrayl oeefute ltlu tlapl oeefute oganla ngilkl

olre `rnla ylan dgrlol oe dlwlb pganlrub slrlc `t`a`j ola jltl (aestlnjus) (Igaeg,
4=<2).
4=< 2). Xgolan
Xgolanfla
fla jgauru
jgaurutt N`wgrs
N`wgrs Flpetl
Flpetl Xgkgft
Xgkgftll agur`k
agur`k`ne
`ne,, 4=<2,
4=<2, jgaogc
jgaogceae
eaesef
sefla
la
vgrten` lolklb sgtelp ngrlfla ltlu rlsl ngrlfla tudub pgaogretl ltlu `digf-`digf oesgfetlr
pgaogretl ylan dgrslanfutla oganla nlannula
nlannula sestgj fgsgejdlanla (gfuekedruj).
Sgrten` olplt oen`k`anfla sgdlnle slklb sltu dgatuf nlannula fgsgejdlanla ltlu
nlannula `regatlse oe rulanla. Dlaylf systgj ltlu `rnla tudub ylan efut tgrkedlt olklj
jganltur
jganltur ola jgjpgrtlbla
jgjpgrtlblafla
fla fgsgejdlan
fgsgejdlanla
la tudub
tudub fetl. Fgsgejdlanla
Fgsgejdlanla oeltur
oeltur `kgb
eatgnrlse dgrdlnle sestgj oelatlrlayl sestgj vgsteduklr, systgj vesulk ola systgj s`jlt`
sgas`
sgas`re
ref
f (pr`pe`sgptef). Watu
Watuf
f jgjp
jgjpgrg
grgtlb
tlbla
lafl
fla
a fg
fgsge
sgejd
jdla
lanl
nla
a oe
oeru
rula
lanl
nla,
a, jlfl
jlfl

sgoefetayl 4 olre 8 sestgj systgj tgrsgdut oeltls blrus oecuansefla oganla dlef. ]lol
vgrten`,, pgaogr
vgrten` pgaogretl
etl jgrlsl
jgrlsl ltlu jgkebl
jgkebltt keanfu
keanfuanl
anlayl
ayl dgrngr
dgrngrlf
lf ltlu
ltlu oereay
oereayll dgrngr
dgrngrlf
lf
tgrblol
tgrblolp
p keanfu
keanfuanl
anlaay
aayl.
l. Ngrlfl
Ngrlfla
a ylan
ylan oelklj
oelkljee delsla
delslayl
yl dgrput
dgrputlr
lr aljua
aljua flolan
flolan
dgrdgatuf keaegr sgpgrte jlu iltub ltlu rlsl oetlref jgailube deolan vgrteflk. ]lol
pgaogretl vgrten` flolan-flo
flolan-flolan
lan olplt fetl slfsefla
slfsefla lolayl aestlnjus
aestlnjus.. Aestlnjus yletu
ngrlf retjef ylan eav`kuatgr olre plol d`kljltl (Kujdla _`dean,4=<2).
_`dean,4=<2).
Sgrten` lolklb pgrlslla sg`klb-`klb pgaogretl dgrngrlf ltlu dgrputlr, ltlu sg`klb-
`klb dgaol oe sgfetlr pgaogretl dgrngrlf ltlu dgrputlr, ylan delslayl oesgrtle oganla
julk ola fgbeklanla
fgbeklanla fgsgejdlanl
fgsgejdlanla.
a. Sgrten` desl dgrklansuan
dgrklansuan blayl dgdgrlpl
dgdgrlpl sllt ltlu

desl dgrklaiut sljple dgdgrlpl ilj dlbfla blre. ]gaogretl flolan jgrlsl kgdeb dlef iefl
dgrdlrean oelj, tgtlpe vgrten` desl tgrus dgrklaiut jgsfepua pgaogretl teolf dgrngrlf
sljl sgflke (Esrlr, 4=<2).
Sgrte
grten`
n` lo
lolk
lklb
lb fg
fglo
loll
lla
a pu
pusea
sean
n yl
ylan
an oe
oerl
rlslf
slfla
la ku
kulr
lr de
delsl
lsl.. Xg
Xgsg`
sg`rla
rlan
n yl
ylan
an
jgaogretl
jgaogretl vgrten`
vgrten` jgrlslfla
jgrlslfla sgfgkekeana
sgfgkekeanayl
yl sg`klb-`klb
sg`klb-`klb dgrputlr,
dgrputlr, eae oesgdldfla
oesgdldfla `kgb
nlannula fgsgejdlanla ylan dgrpuslt oe lrgl klderea ltlu rujlb seput oe olgrlb tgkeanl.
]grlslla tgrsgdut
tgrsgdut flolan
flolan oesgrtle
oesgrtle oganla
oganla rlsl julk ola eanea juatlb, dlbfla pgaogretl
jgrls
jgrlsll tlf
tlf jljp
jljpu
u dg
dgro
roer
eree ol
ola
a fl
flol
olan
an tgril
tgriltu
tub
b fl
flrga
rgall jlslk
jlslklb
lb fg
fgsge
sgejd
jdla
lanl
nla.
a.
Fgsgejdlanla
Fgsgejdlanla tudub oefgaolkef
oefgaolkefla
la `kgb `tlf fghek ylan j5gaolplt
j5gaolplt eac`rjlse
eac`rjlse jgangale
jgangale

p`sese tudub olre `rnla fgsgejdlanla oe tgkeanl tganlb ola jltl. Sgrten`
Sgrten` delslayl tejduk
 lfedlt nlannula tgkeanl tganlb ola olklj ltlu nlannula pgankebltla (Hlrpgaett`, Kyaol
Iulkk 4=<2).
Sgrten` lolklb sgaslse ltlu pgrlslla ylan jgjpganlrube `regatlse rulan ola
juanfea olplt oeogceaesefla sgdlnle sultu ekuse ngrlfla. Fgkubla eae jgruplfla ngilkl
ylan
ylan secltay
secltayll sudygf
sudygftec
tec ola flrgal
flrgalayl
ayl suket
suket oeaekl
oeaekle.
e. ^lkupua
lkupua pgan`d
pgan`dltl
ltla
a sgdlefa
sgdlefayl
yl

klansuan plol pgaygdld ylan jgaolslre pgaygdld ltlu fgklealaayl, lslk ltlu pgaygdld
vgrten
vgrten`
` sgrean
sgrean teolf
teolf oefgtlb
oefgtlbue
ue ltlupu
ltlupua
a teolf
teolf juanfe
juanfea
a oe`dlt
oe`dltee O`gan`
O`gan`gs,
gs, Jlreky
Jlrekyaa
aa G.
(4=<2).

D. IGAEX SGT_EN@
Sgrten` oefklseceflsefla jgailoe oul fltgn`re dgrolslrfla slkurla vgsteduklr ylan
jganlklje fgruslfla, yletu
<. Sgrten
grten`
` ]gre
]grecgr
cgrlk
lk
Sgrten` pgrecgrlk tgriloe iefl tgrolplt nlannula oe slkurla ylan oesgdut flalkes

sgjeserfuklres, yletu tgkeanl dlnela tganlb ylan dgrtunls jgan`atr`k fgsgejdlanla.

Nlan
Nlannu
nula
la fg
fgsgb
sgbltl
ltlaa ylylan
an dg
dgrb
rbud
udua
uanl
nla
a og
ogan
anla
la vg
vgrt
rten
en`
` pg
pgre
recg
cgrlk
rlk la
latl
tlrl
rl klea
klea
pgaylfetpgaylfet sgpgrte dgaena plr`zysjlk p`sete`alk vgrten` (nlannula lfedlt
fgslklbla pganerejla pgsla), pgaylfet jgaegrg (nlannula fgsgejdlanla ylan sgrean
flke jgaygdldfla beklan pgaoganlrla), vgsteduklr aguretes (pgrlolanla plol sgk-sgk
slrlc fgsgejdlanla), ola kldyreatbetes (rlolan oe dlnela olklj pgaoganlrla).

4. Sgrte
grten`
n` Xg
Xgat
atrl
rlkk
Xlku
Xlkurla
rla vg
vgste
stedu
dukl
klrr lo
lolk
lklb
lb slklb
slklb sltu
sltu `r
`rnl
nla
a dl
dlne
nela
la ol
olkl
klj
j tg
tgke
kean
anll yl
ylan
an

sgalatelsl
sgalatelsl jganer
jganerejf
ejfla
la eac`rj
eac`rjlse
lse tgatla
tgatlan
n p`sese
p`sese tud
tudub
ub fg `tlf
`tlf ua
uatuf
tuf jgailn
jgailnll
fgsgejdlanla. Sgrten` sgatrlk tgriloe iefl lol sgsultu ylan teolf a`rjlk oe olklj
`tlf, fbususayl oe dlnela slrlc fgsgejdlanla, yletu olgrlb pgrhldlanla `tlf ola
sgrgdgkuj (`tlf fghek).

H. G_E@K@NE
_udub jgrlslfla
jgrlslfla p`sese ola jgangaolke
jgangaolkefla
fla fgsgejdlanl
fgsgejdlanla
a jgklkue
jgklkue `rnla
`rnla
fgsgejdlanla ylan tgrolplt oe tgkeanl dlnela olklj. @rnla eae jgjekefe slrlc ylan
dgrbuduanla oganla lrgl tgrtgatu oe `tlf. Sgten`
Sgten` desl oesgdldfla `kgb fgkleala oe

olklj tgkeanl, oe olklj slrlc ylan jganbuduanfla tgkeanl oganla `tlf ola oe
olklj `tlfayl sgaoere. Sgrten` iunl desl dgrbuduanla oganla fgkleala pgankebltla
 ltlu pgrudlbla tgflala olrlb ylan tgriloe sghlrl tedltedl. ]gaygdld ujuj olre
vgrt
vgrten
en`
`( Hlr
lrp
pga
gaet
ett`
t`,, K
Kya
yaol
ol Iu
Iulk
lkkk 4
4=
=<2
<2).
).
 Fglolla keanfuanla
 J`te`a sehfagss (jlduf olrlt, jlduf klut)
 @dlt-`dltla

 Lkf`b`k
 Ngatljesea
8. Fgkl
Fgklea
eala
la ser
serfu
fukl
klse
se
 _rlasegat eshbgjeh lttlhf (nlannula cuanse `tlf sgjgatlrl flrgal dgrfurlanayl
lkerla olrlb fg slklb sltu dlnela `tlf) plol lrtgre vgrtgdrlk ola lrtgre dlsekgr
?. Fgkl
Fgklea
eala
la oe
oe tgke
tgkean
anll
 Gaolpla flkseuj plol slklb sltu flalkes sgjeserfuklres oe olklj tgkeanl dlnela
olklj (jgaygdldfla dgaena plr`xysjlk p`sete`alk vgrten`)
 Eacgfse tgkeanl dlnela olklj flrgal dlftgre
 Bgrpgs z`stgr
 Kldereatetes (eacgfse klderea oe olklj tgkeanl)
 ]grlolanla slrlc vgstedukgr
 ]gaylfet Jgaegrg
7. Fgkl
Fgklea
eala
la ag
agur
ur`k
`k`n
`nes
es
 Xfkgr`ses juktepkg
 ]ltlb
]ltlb tuklan
tuklan tganf`
tganf`rlf
rlf ylan
ylan oesgrtl
oesgrtlee hgogrl
hgogrl plol
plol kldere
klderea,
a, pgrslrl
pgrslrlcla
claayl
ayl ltlu
fgoulayl
 _uj`rr `tlf
_uj`
 _uj`rr ylan jgagfla slrlc
_uj` s lrlc vgsteduklres.

O. JLAECGX_LXE FK
FKEAEF

_ud
udub
ub jgrl
jgrlslf
slfla
la p`
p`ses
sesee olola
a jgan
jganga
gaol
olke
kefl
fla
a fg
fgsge
sgejd
jdla
lanl
nla
a jgkl
jgklkukuee `r
`rnl
nla
a
fgsgejd
fgsgejdlan
lanla
la ylan
ylan tgrolp
tgrolplt
lt oe tgk
tgkean
eanll dlnela
dlnela olklj.
olklj. @rnla
@rnla eae jgjekef
jgjekefee slrlc
slrlc ylan
ylan
dgrbuduanla oganla lrgl tgrtgatu oe `tlf. Sgten`
Sgten` desl oesgdldfla `kgb fgkleala oe olklj
tgkeanl, oe olklj slrlc ylan jganbuduanfla tgkeanl oganla `tlf ola oe olklj `tlfayl
sgaoere.
sgaoere. Sgrten` iunl desl dgrbuduan
dgrbuduanla
la oganla
oganla fgkleala
fgkleala pgankebltla
pgankebltla ltlu pgrudlbla
pgrudlbla
tgflala olrlb ylan tgriloe sghlrl tedltedl. ]gaygdld ujuj olre vgrten`9 (Esrlr, 4=<2)
Lolpua tlaol olaana ngilkl vgrten`9
 Julk juatlb
 ]usean

 ]grlslla eanea iltub

 Dgrfgreanlt beannl peansla
G. ]L_@CEXE@K@NE
Olklj
Olklj f`aoese
f`aoese cese`k`
cese`k`ne/
ne/ a`rjlk
a`rjlk,, eac`rj
eac`rjlse
lse ylan
ylan tedl
tedl oepusl
oepusltt eatgnr
eatgnrlse
lse lklt
fgsgejdlanla tudub ylan dgrlslk olre rgspt`r vgsteduklr, vesulk ola pr`pe`
pr`pe`sgptef
sgptef flala
ola fere lfla oepgrdlaoeanfla, iefl sgjulayl seafr`a ola wlilr lfla oepr`sgs kgdeb

klaiut sghlrl wlilr uatuf oergsp`a. Tgsp`a ylan juahuk dgdgrlpl pgaygsulela olre `t`t-
`t`t jltl ola pganngrlf tudub olklj fglolla dgrngrlf. Oe sljpean etu `rlan jgaylolre
p`sese fgplkl ola tudubayl tgrblolp keanfuanla sgfetlrayl. _eolf lol tlaol ola ngilkl
fgnlwltla (lklrj
(lklrj rglhte`a)
rglhte`a) olklj dgatuf vgrten` ola ngilkl olre ilreanla `t`a`jef.
Aljua iefl f`aoese teolf a`rjlk/ teolf cese`k`nes olre cuanse lklt fgsgejdlanla
tudub oedlnela tgpe ltlu sgatrlk jlupua rlanslanla ngrlfla ylan lagb ltlu dgrkgdebla,
jlfl pr`sgs pgan`klbla eac`rjlse ylan wlilr teolf dgrklansuan ola juahuk tlaol-tlaol
fgnlwl
fgnlwltla
tla olklj dgatuf
dgatuf vgrten` ola ngilkl olre
olre ilrean
ilreanla
la `t`a`j
`t`a`jef.
ef. Oe sljpean
sljpean etu
rgsp`a pgaygsulela
pgaygsulela `t`t-`t`t
`t`t-`t`t jgailoe
jgailoe teolf logfult sgbeannl
sgbeannl juahuk
juahuk ngrlfla
ngrlfla lda`rjlk
lda`rjlk

olre jltl oesgdut aestlnaus.

]L_B^LU
Jgaurut ALAOL Eatgralse`alk.4=<2.

_rlujl Wfurla kgasl jltl Lkerla olrlb Eacgfse plol

hgrgdgkkuj teolf sljl fg `tlf tgkeanl olklj
(vgstedukgr)

SGT_EN@

]gauruala _gflala Xtrgss jgaeanflt _gflala plol

cuanse f`naetec eatrl frlaelk `t`t kgbgr
jgaeanflt

C. Hgjl
]sGJGTEFXLLA ]
AGyA
grW
e AILAN F`pean eaoeveou Nlannula p`kl
teolf gcgftec teour
<. _gs T`jdgrn ylan oepgrtlilj
 Xeflp
Xeflp flfe
flfe sgpgrt
sgpgrtee tlaogj
tlaogj,, kganla
kganla oekepl
oekepltt plol
plol olol
olol ola jltl fgjuoe
fgjuoela
la
oetu
oetutu
tup.
p. @rla
@rlan
n yl
ylan
an a`
a`rj
rjlk
lk jljp
jljpu
u dg
dgro
roer
eree og
ogan
anla
la sefl
seflp
p yl
ylan
an r`
r`jd
jdgr
grn
n yl
ylan
an
oepgrtlilj sgkljl 8= ogtef ltlu kgdeb
4. _gs Jgklanflb oetgjplt (Xtgppean _
_gst)
gst)
]gao
]gaogr
gret
etll oesu
oesuru
rub
b dg
dgri
rilk
lkla
la oetg
oetgjp
jplt
lt og
ogan
anla
la jltl
jltl tg
tgrtu
rtutu
tup
p sgdla
sgdlayl
ylf
f 7=

klanflb. Fgououfla lfber oelannlp lda`rjlk iefl pgaogretl dgrlailf kgdeb olre sltu
jgtgr ltlu dlola dgrputlr kgdeb olre 8= ogrlilt
8. Xlklb _uaiuf(p`st-p`eatean)
]gaogr
]gaogretl
etl jgrgat
jgrgatlan
lanfla
fla kganla
kganlaayl
ayl,, lanflt
lanflt kganla
kganla teanne
teanne-tea
-teanne
nne (sljple
(sljple
cgrteflk) fgjuoela fgjdlke fgsgjukl
?. Jlauvgr Aykga Dlrlan ltlu jlauvgr Blkkpefg
]gao
]gaogr
gret
etll ou
ouou
ouf
f oetgj
oetgjpl
pltt teou
teourr pg
pgref
refsl
sl kl
klku
ku oe
oergd
rgdlb
lbfl
fla
a sljpl
sljplee fg
fgpl
plkl
kl
dgrnlatuan oepeanner tgjplt teour oganla suout 8== fgplkl oet`kgb fgfere klku p`sese
fgplkl kurus fgjuoela jga`kgb klne fgflala plol fglolla lda`rjlk lfla tgriloe

aestlnjus
7. _gs Flk`re

Oganla jgaygjpr`tfla ler dgrsubu 8== fgtgkeanl pgaogretl

3. Gkgftr`aestlnj`nrlce
Uletu lklt uatuf jgahltlt kljl ola hgpltayl aestlnjus ylan tejduk
>. ]`stur`nrlce
Uletu tgs ylan oeklfufla
oeklfufla uatuf
uatuf jgangvlkul
jgangvlkulse
se systgj vesulk, vgsteduklr ola
s`jlt`sgas`ref.

N. LXWBLA FG]GTL^L_LA
<. ]ganfliela
l. Fgkubla utljl
Fgkubla ylan oerlslfla plsega plol sllt oeklfufla pganfliela.
d. Tewlylt fgsgbltla sgflrlan
Tewlyl
Tewlyltt pgaylf
pgaylfet
et ylan
ylan oeogret
oeogretll plsega
plsega sllt
sllt jlsuf
jlsuf rujlb
rujlb slfet.
slfet. ]lol
]lol plsega
plsega
vgrten` tlay
tlaylf
lfla
la lo
lolf
lflb
lb pg
pgan
anlru
lrub
b sefl
seflp
p lt
ltlu
lu pg
pgru
rudl
dlbl
bla
a sefl
seflp
p tg
tgrb
rblo
lolp
lp
juahukayl vgrten`
vgrten`,, p`sese jlal ylan olplt jgjehu vgrten`
vgrten`..

h. Te
Tewl
wlyl
yltt fgsg
fgsgbl
bltl
tla
a ylan
ylan klk
klku
u
 Lolflb rewlylt trlujl fgplkl, pgaylfet eacgfse ola eackljlse ola pgaylfet tuj`r
`tlf. Tewlylt
Tewlylt pgannuall
pgannualla
a `dlt vgsteduk`t`fsef jesslk latede`tef, ljea`nkef`seo,
latef`avuksla ola slkeseklt.
o. Te
Tewl
wlyl
yltt fgsgb
fgsgblt
ltla
la fgku
fgkulr
lrnl
nl
Lolflb
Lolflb rewlyl
rewlyltt pgaylf
pgaylfet
et ylan
ylan sljl oeogret
oeogretll `kgb
`kgb lann`t
lann`tll fgkulr
fgkulrnl
nl klea ltlu
ltlu

rewlylt pgaylfet klea dlef

g. Lfte
Lfteve
vetl
tlss / Este
Esterl
rlbl
bltt
 Kgteb, kgjlb, jlklesg
 Fgtgrdltlsla ngrlf
 Fgtgnlanla jltl, fgsuketla jgjdlhl
 Eas`jael, dlanua plol plne blre oganla oesgrtle aygre fgplkl.
 Xlfet fgplkl ylan bgdlt sllt pgrudlbla p`stur tudub, lftevetls (fgril) ltlu
flrgal pgrudlbla hulhl.
c. Xerfuklse

 Tewlylt bypgrtgase
 Ogayutla vlsfukgr, jeslk olgrlb tgjp`rlk.
 ]uhlt, wlilb tljplf fgjgrlbla.
n. Eatg
Eatgnr
nret
etls
ls Gn`
Gn`
 Clft`r-clft`r strgss gj`se`alk/keanfuanla tgrtgatu
 ]grudlbla fgteolfjljpula, fgputuslslla, fgteolfdgrolylla ogprgse
 Fgfblwlterla, lasegtls, pgfl rlanslanla sgkljl slfet fgplkl
 Jgflaesjg rgcrgsec/ogfgasec (slfet fgplkl fr`aef).
b. Jlfl
Jlflal
ala
a ola
ola hler
hlerla
la

 Jlflala ylan teanne vls`rgftefayl jeslkayl flcgea, h`fklt, dlwlan,fgiu,

lkf`b`k, lannur, olnean, t`jlt, jlfla dgrkgjlf, igruf, slus,b`to`n, JXN
(plol jenrlea).
 Julk/juatlb, la`rgfsel (sgkljl aygre)
 ]gauruala dgrlt dlola7.
e. Agur`sgas`res
 ]gaean, oes`regatlse (sgkljl slfet fgplkl)
 Tewlylt fgilan, hgogrl fgplkl ylan dlru tgriloe, trlujl, str`fg.
 Lurl 6 clselkes, `kclft`reus, teaetus.

 ]grudlbla vesulk, sgasetec tgrblolp hlblyl/sulrl ylan fgrls, gpetlfses.

 ]lrlstgsel, fgkgjlbla pr`nrgsec/plrlkyses sltu sese tgjp`rg
  ]grudlbla plol p`kl dehlrl/p`kl pefer
 Juolb tgrlanslan, pgfl tgrblolp stejukus.
 ]gauruala rgckgfs tgao`a olklj
 ]lpekgogjl.
i. Aygre/ fgayljlala

 Flrlftgrestef aygre tgrnlatuan plol igaes slfet fgplkl, jeslk

jenrlea,fgtgnlanla `t`t, hkustgr, tuj`r `tlf, plshltrlujl, seausetes.
 Aygre, fgjgrlbla, puhlt plol olgrlb wlilb.
 C`fus jgaygjpet
 C`fus plol oere sgaoere
 Tgsp`a gj`se`alk / pgreklfu tlf tgrlrlb sgpgrte jgalanes, ngkeslb.
 @t`t-`t`t olgrlb kgbgr iunl jgagnlan, creneoetls v`flk.
f. Fgljlala
 Tewlylt lkgrne ltlu rglfse lkgrne

 Ogjlj (slfet fgplkl)

 Nlannula hlrl dgrilkla, plrlstgsel, plrlkeses
 Orlealsg alslk purukgat (slfet fgplkl plol nlannula seaus).2.
k. Eat
Eatgrlf
rlfse s`
s`selk
 ]grudlbla olklj tlannuan ilwld/pgrla eatgrlfse s`selk ylan dgrbuduanla
oganla pgaylfet.
j. ]gayuk
]gayukubl
ubla
a / pgjdgkl
pgjdgklilrl
ilrla
a
 Tewlylt bypgrtgase, jenrlea, str`fg, pgaylfet plol fgkulrnl
 ]gannualla lkh`b`k/`dlt klea tgrjlsuf flcgea. F`atrlsgpse`rlk/b`rj`ag,

jga`plusg.
a. ]g
]gjg
jgre
refs
fsll
lla
a Ces
Cesef
ef
Fglolla Wjuj
]gjgrefslla ]grsestgj
<) Xestgj pgrsgpse sgas`re
Lolflb rlsl teolf stldek, oesregatlse, `sek`psel yletu sultu ekuse dlbwl dgaol
ylan oelj tljplf dgrngrlf jliu juaour.
4) Xestgj ]grslrlcla
Lolf
Lolflb
lb aes
aestln
tlnju
juss dgrolslrfla dgdgrlpl pgjgrefslla dlef jlaulk jlupua

oganla lklt.
8) Xestgj ]gralclsla
 Lolflb nlannula pgralclsla.
?) Xestgj Flroe`vlsfukgr
Lolflb tgriloe nlannula ilatuan.
7) Xestgj Nlstr`eatgstealk
Lolflb Alusgl ola juatlb

3) Xestgj eatgnujga
>) Xestgj Tgpr`oufse
2) Xestgj ]grfgjebla
5) ]`kl Cuanse Fgsgbltla
l) ]`kl pgrsgpse ola pgjgkeblrlla fgsgbltla
Lolflb fghgjlsla ylan oel kebltfla `kgb furlanayl pgjlbljla plsega
ola fgkulrnl jgangale pgaylfet, pgan`dltla ola pr`na`sl
pr`na`sl..
d) ]`kl lftevetls ola kltebla
Lolflb pganlrub seflp ltlu pgrudlbla seflp tgrblolp juahukayl vgrten`
vgrten`,,

p`sese ylan olplt jgjehu vgrten`.

h) ]`kl autrese jgtld`kesjg
Lolflb alusgl ola juatlb
o) ]`kl gkejealse
g) ]`kl teour ola esterlblt
c) ]`kl F`naetec ola pgrsgptul
n) Lolflb oes`regatlse ola lsek`psel
b) ]grsgpse oere ltlu f`asgp oere
e) ]`kl t`kgrlase ola f`pean strgss

i) ]`kl sgxulk rgpr`oufse

rgpr`oufse
f) ]`kl buduanla ola pgrla
k) ]`kl aekle ola fgaylfeala

4. Oe
Oeln
lna`
a`sl
sl Fgpg
Fgpgrl
rlwl
wltl
tla
a
l. Lsegtls
Lsegtls dgrbu
dgrbudua
duanla
nla oganl
oganla
a furlan
furlan pgangt
pgangtlbu
lbula
la
d. Aygre dgrbuduanla oganla pgaeanfltla
pgaeanfltla tgflala eatrlfrlaelk
h. F`pean
F`pean eaoeveou
eaoeveou teolf gcgftec
gcgftec dgrbud
dgrbuduanla
uanla oganla
oganla strgss jgaeanflt
jgaeanflt
o. Nlan
Nlannu
nula
la p`k
p`kll teou
teourr

8. Tgah
Tgahla
lall Fgpgr
Fgpgrlw
lwlt
ltla
la
 OELNA@XL
A@ _WIWLA EA_GTSGAXE
FG]GTL^L_LA
<. Lsegtls Xgtgklb oeklfufla teaolfla
<. Gaver`ajgatlk Jlalngjgat9 Xlcgty9 lwlse ola

dgrbuduanla fg
fgpg
pgrl
rlwl
wltla
tla sg
sgkl
kljl
jl … x nualfla
nualfla keanfuanla
keanfuanla cesef uatuf jgaeanfltfl
jgaeanfltfla
a

oganla furlan 4? ilj plsega oeblrlplfla fgljlala

teolf iltub 4. Clkks ]rgvgate`a9
pgangtlbula
A@H9  Flie pgauruala f`naetec ola cesef plsega
l. Xlcgte
Xlcgte stltus9
stltus9 Clkks
Clkks ylan
ylan juanfe
juanfea
a olplt
olplt jgaean
jgaeanflt
fltfla
fla
@hhurrgahg rgsef` iltub
d. Clkks
Clkks prgvg
prgvgate
ate`a9
`a9  Flie
Flie tean
teanfl
fltt nl
nlet
et,, fg
fgsg
sgej
ejdl
dlan
anla
la ol
ola
a
fa`w kgong fgkgklbla oganla ljduklse
pgrs`alk slcgty  Eastr
Eastruf
ufsef
sefla
la pl
plseg
sega
a ln
lnlr
lr jgjl
jgjlan
anne
nekk
h. Xlcgty
Xlcgty dgbgve
dgbgve`ur
`ur99 lsestga fgtefl jgklfufla pgrngrlfla
Clkks prgvgate`a 8. _glhbean9 oesglsg pr`kgs
 igklsfla plol plsega tlaol ola ngilkl
Oganla frgtgrel9
olre pgaylfet ylan oeogretl
l. plsega jljpu
 Laiurfla plsega uatuf dgorgst plol clsg
dgroere, o uouf,
lfut
dgrilkla tlapl
 Igkl
Igklsf
sfla
la pl
plol
ol pl
plse
sega
ga tgatl
tgatlan
an tgrl
tgrlpe
pe
pusean
rgbldeketltec plol plsega vgrten`
d. Fkega jljpu
jgai
jgaigk
gkls
lsfl
fla
a ie
iefl
fl
tg
tgrril
iloe
oe sg
sgrl
rla
anla
ola hlrl
jganlateseplseayl

4. Aygre dgrbuduanla Xgtg

Xgtgklb
klb oe
oekl
klfu
fufl
fla
a te
teao
aolf
lf <. ]ltegat / cljeky tglhbean

oganla
oganl pgaeanfltla fgpgr
a pgaeanfltla fgpgrlwltla
lwltla sgkljl…x4?
sgkljl…x4?  Laiu
Laiurf
rfla
la pl
plseg
sega
a ln
lnlr
lr pg
pgkg
kga-
a-pg
pgkl
kla
a

tgflala eatrlfrlaelk ilj, alusgl dgrfur

dgrfurlan
lan / al
alcl
clss ol
olkl
klj
j ol
ola
a jgag
jgagkl
kla
a ua
uatu
tuf
f
beklan jgauruafla rlsl julk ola juatlb.
A.@.H9  Lilrfla plsega uatuf teolf jeauj <
l. H`jc`rt kgvgk ilj sgdgkuj,< ilj sgtgklb ola
d. Beorlte`a sgwlftu jlfla.

h. Autrete`alk stltus 4.AW_TE_E@ALK J@AE_@TEAN

c``o ceaeo eatlfg J`aet`
J`a et`rr tep
tepgg fgbekl
fgbeklanl
anla
a dgrlt
dgrlt dlola
dlola
 Oganla frgtgrel9 ola pgrtujdubla
d. _grolplt tlaol-tlaol cesef  J`aet`rr fgkgj
J`aet` fgkgjdldla
dldla,tur
,turn`r
n`r fuket ola
ola psef`k`nef jgjdlef ogpenjgatlse.
h. _urn`r
_urn`r fuket, juf`sl jukut  J`aet`r teanflt gagrne,jlklesg,cltenug
dlef ola fgkgjlbla plsega.
o. _eo
eolf
lf pla
plals
ls ola
ola teo
teolf
lf  J`aet`r lsupla flk`re ola autrese.
tgrolplt gogjg pgrecgr  F`kld`rlse, fgk`kl pgjdgrela
Eatlfg jlflala ola latehjgteh sgdgkuj jlfla ltlu sgsule
jeaujla dlef ilowlk
8. Ckueo jlalnjga9
 Lwlse sghlrl lfurlt eatlfg ola `utput
 J`aet`r vetlk sena
 J`aet`r stltus autrese plsega
 J`aet`r stltus byorlse jeslk
fgkgjdldla
fgkgjdldla jgjdrlajuf
jgjdrlajuf`sl,
`sl, tgflal
tgflala
a

aloe ola `rtb`stlteh D]

Fgk`kl pgjdgrela tgrlpe ES



8 F`pe
F`pean
an ea
eaoe
oeve
veou
ou Xgtgklb oeklfufla teaolfla
 AEH9 Jgjdlatu pgrlwlta
pgrlwlta oere plsega jlaoe
jlaoe ola

teolf gcgftec fgpgrlwltla sgkljl ... x 4? t`ekgtean

dgrbuduanla ilj oeblrlpfla fgdutubla Lftecetls9

jlaoere fkega tgrpgaube, <._gjpltfla lklt-lklt jlaoe oetgjplt ylan juolb
oganla strgss
A@H6 ]GTL^
]GTL^L_LA OETE oefgalke ola juolb oeilanflu fkega
jgaeanflt
(Jlaoe,jlfla,t`ekgtean,dgr 4.Kedltfla fkega ola olapeane
plflela) Oganla fretgrel 9 8.Dg
8.Dgre
refl
fla
a dl
dlat
atul
ula
a sgklj
sgkljll fkeg
fkega
a teol
teolf
f jljp
jljpu
u
 Fkeg
Fkega
a olplt
olplt jlfla
jlfla og- jgangrilfla sgaoere
anla dlatula `rlan AEH 9 LOK
LOK dgrplflela
klea / jlaoere Lftecetls 9
 Fke
Fkega
ga ol
olpl
pltt jlao
jlaoee og
og-- <. Eac`
Eac`rj
rjls
lsef
efla
la plo
ploll fkega
fkega olklj
olklj jgjekeb
jgjekeb
anla dlatula `rlan klea plflela sgkljl pgrlwltla
 Fk
Fkeg
ega
a olpl
olpltt jgjl
jgjlfl
flee 4. Xgoe
Xgoelf
lfla
la plfle
plflela
la oetgj
oetgjpl
pltt ylan juol
juolb
b
plflela oganla dlatula oeilanflu
`rlan klea / jlaoere 8. Dl
Dlat
atu
u dgrp
dgrplf
lfle
lela
la yla
ylan
n sgsul
sgsulee
 Fkega olplt t`ekgtean og- ?. Il
Ilnl
nl pr
prev
evls
lsee f
fke
kega
ga
anla dlatula lklt 7. Dg
Dgre
refl
fla
a pl
plfl
flel
ela
a pr
pred
edlo
loee yl
ylan
an oengj
oengjlr
lree
ola sgsule
 AEH 9 LOK
LOK Jlfla
Lftecetls 9
<. Laiurfla fkega ououf ola dgro`l
dgrsljl tgjla
4. Oljp
Oljpea
eane
ne sl
sllt
lt jl
jlfl
fla
a
8. Dl
Dlat
atu
u iefl
iefl fkega
fkega d
dgku
gkuj
j jljpu
jljpu ola
ola dg
dgre
re
h`at`b

?. Dg
Dgre
re rlsl
rlsl ay
aylj
ljla
la sllt
sllt jl
jlfl
fla
a
?. Nla
lan
nnula p`kl Xgtgklb oeklfufla _glhbean eaoeveoulk (73=3)

teour pgaigklsla sgkljl ...x <. _gatufla fgdutubla pgjdgklilrla fkega

pgrtgjula, pg-angtlbula 4. Flie teanflt
teanflt pgang
pgangtlbul
tlbula
a ola
ola pgjlb
pgjlbljla
ljla
fk
fkega
ega tg
tgat
atla
lan
n pg
pg-a
-ayl
ylfe
fet,
t, fkega tgatlan vgrten`
pgan`dltla ola pg-rlwltla 8. Flie teanflt pgaoeoefla
fkega jgaeanflt ?. Flie
Flie fgs
fgselp
elpla
la fkega
fkega olkl
olklj
j jgj
jgjpgk
pgklil
lilre
re
eac`rjlse spgsecef

A@H 9 7. Ltur
Ltur lnlr
lnlr rglketl
rglketl tui
tuiula
ula pgjdgk
pgjdgklil
lilrla
rla
Fa`wk
Fa`wkgon
gongg 9 Oesgls
Oesglsgg oganla fkega slkean jganuatuanfla
pr`hgss (<2=8) 3. ]ekeb jgt`og / strltgne jganlilr ylan sgsule
Fa`w
Fa`wkl
klon
ongg 9 Ek
Ekka
kags
gsss >. Xgoel
Xgoelfla
fla keanfuanla
keanfuanla ylan f`aousec
f`aousec uatuf
hlrg (<24?) pgjdgklilrla
2. F`rgfse lolayl fgslklbla eac`rjlse
Oganla fretgrel 9 5. Xgoelfla wlftu uatuf dgrtlayl plol fkega
Fk
Fkeg
ega
a ola
ola fgku
fgkulr
lrnl
nl <=.
jlj-pu jgaigklsfla _glhbean 9 oesglsg pr`hgss (73=4)
pgangr-tela, pr`sgs <. Aekle
Aekle tean
teanflt
flt pg
pgang
angtlbu
tlbula
la fkega
fkega tgatl
tgatlan
an
pgaylfet, pgaygdld, tlaol pgaylfetayl
ola ngilkl
ngilkl,, gcgf
gcgf pgaylf
pgaylfet,
et, 4. Igklsfla plt`cese`k`ne vgrten`
tea
teaolf
olfla
la pgahgn
pgahgnlbl
lbla,
a, pg- 8. Igklsfla tlaol ola ngilkl vgrten`
an
an`d
`dlt
ltla
la ol
ola
a pg
pgrl
rlwl
wltl
tla
a ?. Igklsfla fgjuanfeala pgaygdldayl
vgrten` 7. Oesfuse
Oesfusefla
fla p
pgru
grudlb
dlbla
la nlyl
nlyl beoup
beoup ylan
ylan
juanfea olplt jgahgnlb f`jpkeflse oejlsl
ylan lfla oltlan
3. Oesf
Oesfus
usef
efla
la peke
pekebl
bla-
a-pe
pekeb
kebla
la tgrlpe
tgrlpe pg
pg--
an`dltla ola pgrlwltla
>. Ig
Igkl
klsf
sfla
la lkls
lklsla
la rl
rlse
se`a
`alk
lk olre
olre tgrl
tgrlpe
pe
pgan`dltla ylan oergf`jgaolsefla
oergf`jgaolsefla
 2. Flie
Flie sujd
sujdgr
gr-s
-suj
ujdg
dgrr pg
pgao
aouf
ufua
uan
n yl
ylan
an
jgjuanfeafla

OLC_LT ]WX_LFL

Hlrpgaett`, Kyaol Iulkk. (4=<2). Dufu Xlfu Oelna`sl Fgpgrlwltla. Lkeb dlblsl 9 J`aehl
Gstgr, Goese 2. GNH 9 Ilflrtl.

O`ga
O`gan`
n`gs,
gs, Jlre
Jlreky
kyaa
aa G. (4
(4=<
=<2)
2).. Tgah
Tgahla
lall Lsub
Lsubla
la Fgpg
Fgpgrlw
rlwlt
ltla
la 9 ]g
]go`
o`jl
jla
a ua
uatu
tuf
f

pgrgahlalla Fgpgrlwltla ola jlslklb f`kld`rltec. Lkeb Dlblsl 9 E Jlog Fla`sl,

Goese EEE. GNH Ilflrtl.
 Beahbkecc, Xug. (4=<2). Fljus Fgpgrlwltla. Goese6 <>. GNH 9 Ilflrtl

Xuolrt ola Duraagr, (4=<2). Fgpgrlwltla Jgoeflk-Dgolb. Goese 2. S

S`k
`k 8. GNH 9 Ilflrtl.

Kujdla _`dean. X.J, 4=<2, Sgrten` _uiub Fgkekean, Ilflrtl 9 CF WE

]grbejpuala O`ftgr Xpgselkes Xylrlc Eao`agsel, 4=<2, S

Sgrten`
grten` ]lt`cese`k`ne, Oelna`ses ola
_grlpe, Jlklan 9 ]gro`sse

ALAOL Eatgralse`alk..Aursean Oelna`sl Ogceaete`a lao Hklsecehlte`a