ANALYSIS OF SINGLE REINFOCEMENT CONCRETE BEAM

Input: b, d, fy,
fc’, As.

As

bd
f c' 1,4
 min  0,25 
fy fy

No Yes
THE BEAM IS NOT
STRONG
   min

17 MPa  f c '  28MPa   1  0,85 0,85 f c 1 600

b  .
 f  28  fy 600  f y
f c '  28MPa  1  0,85  0,05 c '   0,65
 7 

INCREASE BEAM SECTION

DIMENSION   0,75 b

As f y
a
0,85. f c 'b

a
M n  As f y (d  )
2

M U  M n

1
EXAMPLE: ANALYSIS OF ONE DIRECTION SINGLE REINFORCEMENT SLAB
A single reinforcement slab with 1 m span used as a simple bridge as shown below. Calculate the live
load of a wheel at middle span.

 0,85 f c 1 600
As  9. 162  1808mm 2 b  .
4 fy 600  f y
A 1808 0,85.28.0,85 600
 s   0,01903 b  .  0,03798
bd 1000.95 340 600  340
 min  0,25
28
 0,003891 
1,4  max  0,75. b  0,02848
340 fy
1,4  min     max  OK
 min   0,00412
340

As f y 1808.340 q D  24 KN / m 3 .0,12m.1m  2,88KN / m'

a   25,83mm
0,85. f c ' b 0,85.28.1000 1 1
M D  q D l 2  .2,88.12  0,36 KNm
8 8
M U  1,2 M D  1,6 M L
a 25,83
M n  As f y (d  )  1808.340(95  ) 45,41  1,2.0,36  1,6.M L  M L  28,11KNm
2 2
M n  50459291Nmm  50,459 KNm
M U  M n  0,9.50,459  45,41KNm

1
ML  PL L
4
1
28,11  PL .1  PL  112,44 KN  11,46ton
4

2
DESAIN OF RECTANGULAR REINFORCED CONCRETE SECTION WITH TENSION
REINFORCEMENT ONLY
Input: b, d, fy,
fc’, Mu.

OR

1  2R m 
0,85 f c 'bd 2M n  1 1 n 
As  (1  1  ) m  f y 
fy 0,85 f c 'bd 2
As fy
 m
bd 0,85 f c
Mn
Rn 
bd 2

USE MINIMUM
f c' 1,4
REINFORCEMENT
   min  0,25 
fy fy

17 MPa  f c '  28MPa   1  0,85 0,85 f c 1 600

b  .
 f  28  fy 600  f y
f c '  28MPa  1  0,85  0,05 c '   0,65
 7 

OVER REINFORCED
SECTION   0,75 b

FINISH

3
 ANALYSIS OF T-BEAM WITH TENSION REINFORCEMENT ONLY

Imput:b,hf,bw,d,As,fc’,f

0,85 f c ' 1 600

b  .
fy 600  f y
0,85 f c ' (b  bw )h f
f 
f y bw d
bw
b  (b   f )
b
OVER REINFORCED
As /(b.d )   max  0,75  b

As f y As 1,4
RECTANGULAR a  hf 
SECTION 0,85 f c 'b bw d fy

0,85 f c ' (b  bw )h f
Asf 
fy
As f y
a ( As  Asf ) f y
0,85 f c ' bW a
0,85 f c 'bw
a
M n  As f y (d  )
2
a
M n1  ( As  Asf ) f y (d  )
2
h
M n 2  Asf f y (d  f )
a
M n  M n1  M n 2

MONOLITHIC CAST-IN-PLACE FINISH

BEAM SLAB

4
EXAMPLE: ANALYSIS OF T-BEAM
Calculate flexural strength design Mu of a non-pre stressed bridge girder as shown below. Fc=20Mpa ,
Fy=400Mpa, d=500mm.

0,85 f c '  1 600 0,85.20.0,85 600

b  .  .  0,0217
fy 600  f y 400 600  400
0,85 f c ' (b  bw )h f 0,85.20.600.100
f    0,0204
f y bw d 400.250.500
bw 250
b  (b   f )  (0,0217  0,0204)  0,01238
b 850
A 3920
 s   0,00922
b.d 850.500
 max  0,75. b  0,009285
f c' 1,4
 min  0,25  0.002795 
fy fy
1,4
 min   0,0035
400
 min     max  OK

As f y
a  hf
0,85 f c 'b
3920.400
a  108,51  h f  100  balok  T  Asli
0,85.20.850

0,85 f c ' (b  bw )h f 0,85.20.600.100

Asf    2550mm 2
fy 400
( As  Asf ) f y (3920  2550)400
a   128,94mm
0,85 f c 'bw 0,85.20.250

5
 a 128,94
M n1  ( As  Asf ) f y (d  )  1370.400(500  )  238670440 Nmm  238,670 KNm
2 2
h 100
M n 2  Asf f y (d  f )  2550.400(500  )  459000000 Nmm  459 KNm
a 2
M n  M n1  M n 2  238,670  459  697,67 KNm

M u  M n  0,9.697,67  627,903KNm

6
 ANALYSIS OF RECTANGULAR REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM
WITH DOUBLE REINFORCEMENT
(Assumption: reduction of concrete area by compression steel area are neglected)

Start

Input: b ,h, As, As’, fc’,fy

As A f c' 1,4
 ;  '  s' ;  min  0,25 
bd bd fy fy

   min
Increase ρ

No Yes
0.85 fc'  600 d'
  ' . .
fy 600  fy d
( As  As ' ) f y
c
0.85 f c '  b

(0,85 fc '  1b).c 2  ( As ' 600  As f y ).c  As ' 600d '  0

Compression steel
d' yielded fs’ = fy
fs' = 600(1  )
c

f s'
As 2  As ' As 2  As '
fy
As1 = As – As2
As1  As  As 2

As1 0.85 f c '  600

 0.75 .
OVER REINFORCED bd fy 600  f y
SECTION

c
M n  As1 f y (d  )  As 2 f y (d  d ' )
2

a
M n  ( As f y  As ' f s ' )(d  )  As ' f s ' (d  d ' )
2

7
 ANALYSIS OF RECTANGULAR REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM
WITH DOUBLE REINFORCEMENT
(Assumption: reduction of concrete area by compression steel area)

Start

Input:b,h,d’,As,As’,fc’,fy

As A f c' 1,4
 ;  '  s' ;  min  0,25 
bd bd fy fy

Increase ρ    min

No Yes
0,85 f c' 0.85 fc'  600 d '
(   ' )(1  ) . .
fy fy 600 fy d
As f y  ( f y  0.85 f c ' ) As '
c
0.85 f c ' b

(0,85 f c ' b).c 2  ( As ' 600  As f y  As '0,85 f c ' ).c  As ' 600d '  0

Compression steel
d' yielded fs’= fy
fs' = 600(1  )
c

( f s '  0.85 f c ' )

As 2  As ' ( f y  0.85 f c )
fy As 2  As '
fy
As1  As  As 2 As1 = As – As2
As1 0.85 f c '  600
OVER REINFORCED
 0.75 .
SECTION
bd fy 600  f y

c
M n  As1 f y (d  )  As 2 f y (d  d ' )
2

a
Mn  ( As f y  As ' ( f s '  0.85 f c ' ))(d  )  As ' ( f s '  0.85 f c ' )(d  d ' )
2

8
EXAMPLE: ANALYSIS OF RECTANGULAR SECTION WITH DOUBLE REIFORCEMENT

Calculate nominal flexural strength of a rectangular reinforced concrete section as shown above.
b=250mm, h=500mm, d’=50mm, As=804mm2 , As’=402mm2 , fc’=30Mpa, fy=400Mpa.
(Assumption: reduction of concrete area by compression steel area are neglected)

Solution:
A 804 1,4 1.4
r= s = =0,00715 > rmin= = =0,0035
bd 250.450 fy 400

As ' 402
r’= = = 0,00357
bd 250.450

0,85 fc'  600 d'

  ' . .
fy 600  fy d

0,85.30.0,84 600 50
0.00358  . .
400 600  400 450

0,00335 < 0,0181 (compression steel yield)

(A s f y - A s' 600)  (A s' 600  A s f y ) 2  4(0,85.f c' . .b.600.A s' d ' )

C=
2.0,85.f c'βb

(804.400 - 402.600)  (402.600  804.400) 2  4.(0,85.30.0,84.250.600.402.50)

C=
2.0,85.30.0,84.250

9
C= 55,55mm
d' 50
fs' = 600(1  ) ' = 600(1  ) =59,92MPa
c 55,55

f s' 59,92 2
As 2  As '  402 =60mm
fy 400

2
As1  As  As 2 = 804 – 60 = 744mm

As1 0,85 f c '  600

 0.75 .
bd fy 600  f y

744 0,85.30.0,84 600

 0,00661  0,75 . =0,0241 (OK)
250.450 400 600  400

c
M n  As1 f y (d  )  As 2 f y (d  d ' )
2

0,84.55,55
M n  744.400(450  )  60.400(450  50) = 136 577 069Nmm
2
= 136,577 KNm

M u  0,9.M n  0,9.136,577  122,919 KNm

10
 DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM
WITH DOUBLE REINFORCEMENT
(Assumption: reduction of concrete area by compression steel area )

Start

Input: b ,h, d’, Mu, fc’, fy

Mu 600
M n= ; cmax= 0,75 d
 600  f y

C  C max
0,85 f c cb
As1=
fy

c
M n1  As1 f y (d  )
2

No Yes
Mn>Mn1

SINGLE
M n 2  M n  M n1
REINFORCEMENT

M n2
Cs  T2 
(d  d ' )

Yes c  d' fy No
 s '  0,003  Compression
fs' =  s ' Es c Es Steel yield fs’ = fy

Cs
As '  Cs
( f s '  0,85 f c ' ) As ' 
( f y  0,85 f c ' )
T
As 2  2 T2
fy As 2 
fy
As  As1  As 2
As  As1  As 2

11
 DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM
WITH DOUBLE REINFORCEMENT
(Assumption: reduction of concrete area by compression steel area are neglected)

Start

Input: b ,h, Mu, fc’, fy

600
Mn= M u ; cmax= 0,75 d ;
 600  f y

C  C max
0,85 f c cb
As1 
fy

c
M n1  As1 f y (d  )
2

No yes
Mn>Mn1

M n 2  M n  M n1
Single
reinforcement

M n2
Cs  T2 
(d  d ' )

yes c  d' fy No
 s '  0,003  Compression
fs' =  s ' Es c Es Steel yield fs’ = fy

Cs
As '  Cs
fs' As ' 
fy
fs' T2
As 2  As ' or As2= As 2  As '
fy fy
As  As1  As 2
As  As1  As 2

12
EXAMPLE: DESIGN OF FLEXURAL MEMBER
Design required flexural reinforcement for rectangular section to resist design moment
Mu=126.4KNm, b=200mm, h=400mm, fc=24Mpa, fy=345MPa, d’=50mm.

Mn= M u = 122400000 =136 000 000 Nmm

 0 .9

Given c= 0,5cbal
600 600
c= 0,5 d = 0,5 350 =111mm
600  f y 600  345

T1 = Cc
0,85 f c cmaxb 0,85.24.0,85.111.200
As1= = = 1115,8mm2
fy 345

c
M n1  As1 f y (d  )
2
0,85.111
M n1  1115,8.345(350  ) =116 572 786 Nmm
2
M n 2  M n  M n1
M n 2  136000000  116572786  19 427 214 Nmm
M n2
Cs  T2 
(d  d ' )
19427214
C s  T2   64757 N
(350  50)

c  d' fy
 s '  0,003 
c Es
111  50 345
 s '  0,003  0,001649   0,001725 (compression steel does not yield)
111 200000

fs’=  s ' Es = 0,001649.200000= 329,8 Mpa

Cs 64757 2 2
As '    209 mm 2D12 (As=226mm )
( f s '  0,85 f c ' ) (329,8  0,85.24)
T 64757 2
As 2  2   187 mm
fy 345
As  As1  As 2
2 2
As  1115,8 + 187 = 1302,8 mm 3D25 (As=1472mm )

13
 SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
STRUT ANALOGY

Vs  Ts .sin 
Ts  n. Av . f y
z (cot   cot  )
n
s
cos
z (1  )
  45o  n  sin 
s

cos
z (1  )
Vs  sin  . A . f .sin 
v y
s

z. Av . f y
Vs  (sin   cos )
s
Where : z arm length moment
: Av Area of one inclined stirrups ( A x 2 sides)
: Ts resultant force diagonally to vertical section
: crack angle (diagonal 
: stirrups angle to longitudinal bar
: s stirrups spacing
: n number of space s = number of stirrups.

14
PROCEDURES FOR DESIGNING SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
1. Calculate the factored shear force Vu at critical section.

2. For a critical section, calculate shear strength provided by concrete Vc:

For structural members subjected to shear and flexural
Vc  0,17 f c ' bw d
For structural members subjected to axial compression
 N 
Vc  0,17 1  u  f c ' bw d
 14 Ag 
Shear strength Vc may be computed for mode detailed calculation:
 Vd
Vc  0,16( f c  17 w u )bw d  0,29 f c 'bw d
Mu
Vd
Where u  1 shall not be taken greater than 1
Mu
For members subject to axial compression
 Vd 0,29 N u
Vc  0,16( f c  17 w u )bw d  0,29 f c bw d 1 
Mm Ag
Vu d
Mu substituted by Mm and not limited to 1
Mu
4h  d
M m  M u  Nu ( )
8
3. make sure: shear strength Vs shall not be greater than 0,66 f c ' .bw .d
Vu /   Vc  0,66 f c ' .bw .d where  = 0,75
If the equation is not satisfy, increase the section dimensions.

bw .S bw.S
4. If Vc ≥ Vu/≥ 1/2Vc, use minimum shear AV min  0,062 fc'  0,35.
f yt f yt
Av . f yt .d
5. If Vu/ > Vc , shear reinforcement shall be provided . VS  perpendicular stirrups.
S
Av . f yt .d
When inclined stirrups are used as shear reinforcement. Vs  (sin   cos  ) .
S
And satisfy the equation Vu/ = Vc + Vs

6. Verify the maximum space for shear reinforcement . S ≤ d/2 ≤ 600mm

If Vs  0,33 f c ' .bw .d  S ≤ d/4 ≤ 300mm

15
 FLOW CHART FOR DESIGNING SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
START

Data: fc’ , fy, bw, d, Mu, Vu, Nu, As

yes Vu /   0,83 f c ' .bw .d No

  0,75

No DETAILED yes
CALCULATION

For members subjected to For members subjected to shear and flexural

shear and flexural  Vd Vd
Vc  0,16( f c  17 w u )bw d  0,29 f c bw d Where u  1
Vc  0,17 f c ' bw d Mu Mu
For members subject to For members subject to axial compression and flexural
axial compression and  Vd 0,29 N u
flexural Vc  0,16( f c  17 w u )bw d  0,29 f c bw d 1 
Mm Ag
 N 
Vc  0,17 1  u  f c ' bw d 4h  d
 14 Ag  M m  M u  Nu ( )
8

yes Vu /   V c No Vu/ ≥ 1/2Vc No

  0.75

Av f y d yes
S
Vs
z. Av . f y
S (sin   cos  ) AV . f yt AV . f yt Shear
Vs S  reinforcement
0,062 f c ' .bw 0,35.bw
where Vs=Vu/- Vc Can be
neglected

yes No
Vs  0,33 f c ' .bw .

S= d/4 ≤ 300mm S= d/2 ≤ 600mm

Chose S

Finish

16
 EXAMPLE : DESIGN OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
A simple supported beam subjected to dead load 22,5KN/m (including weight of structure) and to
alive load 38KN/m as shown below . fy=240Mpa, fc’=25 Mpa. Calculate shear reinforcement
required.

1. Design factored load qu = 1,2qD + 1,6qL

qu = 1,2.22,5 + 1,6.38 = 87,8 KN/m

shear force on suports V= 1/2quL=1/2.87,8.5 = 219,5 KN

Shear force on critical section Vu

2,5  (0,45  0,15 / 2)
Vu= 219,5  173,405KN
2,5

2. Shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Vc  0.17 f c ' bw d = 0,17 25.300.450  114750 N  114,75KN
3. Verify the limitation of shear reinforcement
Vu/ ≤ Vc + 0,66 f c ' .bw .d
173,405/0,75 ≤ 114,75 + 0,66 25.300.450 / 1000  560,25KN
231,206 KN < 562,5 KN ( OK)
4. Vu/ =231,206KN ≥ Vc = 114,75KN
Vu/ ≤ Vc + Vs
231,206≤114,75 + Vs Vs ≥116,46KN
Given stirrups D10 and =90o
Av f y d ( 2.1 / 4 10 2 ).240.450
S   145mm stirrups space
Vs 116460
5. Verify the stirrups spacing Vs  0,33 f c ' .bw .d  116,46  0,33 25.300.450 / 1000  222,75 KN
S=145mm < Smax=d/2=450/2=225mm OK

17
 FLOW CHART FOR COLUMN DESIGN
Input: b,h,d,di,Asi,fc’,fy,Ln.

Pu  for _ each _ load _ combination

( M u ,Top ) ns , ( M u , Bot ) ns  for _ each _ load _ combination
( M u ,Top ) s , ( M u , Bot ) s  for _ each _ load _ combination
M u ,Top  ( M u ,Top ) ns  ( M u ,Top ) s
M u , Bot  ( M u , Bot ) ns  ( M u , Bot ) s

E c  4700 fc'
1,2M D Sustained  load
d  
1,2M D  1,6 M L combination  load

0,7 E c I g
EI coumn 
(1   d )
0,35.E c I g
EI Beam 
(1   d )

 EI / Ln(column)
 A , B 
 EI / Ln( Beam)

YES NO
Nonsway frames

K  0,7  0,05( A   B )  1 20   m
m  2  k  1  m
K  0,85  0,05 min  1 20
 m  2  k  0,9 1   m
Calculate K for all column
At same floor level

K .Ln YES YES

 34  12( M 1 / M 2 ) K .Ln
r  22
34  12( M 1 / M 2 )  40 r
No slenderness effect

Slenderness effect: NO YES

K .Ln
Magnified moments  100 Second-order
r
analysis

18
 Slenderness effect:
Magnified moments

NO YES
SWAY FRAME

(0,2.E c I g  E s I s )
EI 
(1   d ) Calculate Pc for all
 2 EI Column at same
Pc  (0,4.E c I g )
( K .Ln) 2 EI  floor level
(1   d )

M1 Ms
Cm  0,6  0,4  0,4 sMs   Ms
M2 1 Q
C m  1  member  with  transvers  load Q   Pu  0 /(Vu .l c )
Ms
sMs   Ms
1   Pu /(0,75 Pc )
Cm
 ns  1
1  Pu /(0,75Pc )

M c   ns .M 2 M 1  M 1ns   s M 1s
M 2  l arg er _ of _ M u ,Top , M u , Bot M 2  M 2 ns   s M 2 s
M 2  Pu (15  0,03h)

Design of column reinforcement

19
KOLOM PERSEGI DENGAN TULANGAN PADA EMPAT SISI

Cara yang paling baik dalam analisa kekuatan penampang kolom dengan tulangan pada empat sisi,
untuk Pn dan Mn yang diketahui dengan eksentrisitas e tertentu adalah dengan cara trial and
adjustment dengan mengikuti prosedur sebagai berikut:
1. Tentukan suatu nilai c (garis netral) .
2. hitung regangan dan tegangan yg terjadi pada tulangan baja untuk setiap lapisan tulangan.
0,003(c  di )
 si 
c
Tegangan dalam tulangan dapat dihitung dengan hubungan untuk:
a.  si  y dipakai fsi = fy
b.   y   si   y dipakai fsi = si . Es

c.  si   y dipakai fsi = -fy

tegangan tekan bertanda positif dan tegangan tarik bertanda negative
Gaya dalan tulangan i sebesar Fsi=fsi.Asi
n
3. Hitung Pn  0,85 fc'.a.b   fsi. Asi
i 1
n
h a h
4. Hitung Pn .e  0,85 fc'.a.b(  )   fsi. Asi.(  di )
2 2 i 1 2
5. Ulangi langkah 1 sampai 4 sehingga diperoleh e yang sama dengan yg telah ditentukan.

20
Contoh perhitungan:
Suatu kolom bujur sangkar (A) berpenampang 40cmx40cm menggunakan tulangan longituninal
20D16 didistribusi merata pada kempat sisi penampang. Kolom tersebut direncanakan untuk memikul
beban aksial Pu=1,2.500+1,6.250= 1000KN. Momen akibat beban vertikal M1b=37KNm dan
M2b=68KNm. Dan Momen akibat gempa M1s= 92KN , M2s=175KNm. Mutu beton fc’=35MPa dan
mutu baja fy=400MPa.
Analysa apakah kolom tersebut mampu menerima beban2 yang disyaratkan diatas.

1.Pembebanan :
Pu  1,2 PD  1,6 PL = 1000KN
M2 =M2b + M2S = 68+175=243KNm
M1= M1b + M1S = 37+92 = 129KNm

2. Pemeriksaan terhadap bahaya tekuk

a. Perhitungan kekakuan:
Elastisitas beton
E c  4700 fc' => Ec  4700 35  27805MPa
Inersia penampang utuh kolom
bh3 400.4003
Ig    21,3.108 mm4
12 12
Inersia tulangan

21
 h h h
I s  ( As 6 (d 6  ) 2  As 5 (d5  ) 2  As 4 (d 4  ) 2 ).2
2 2 2
I s  (1206(350  200)  402(290  200)  402(230  200) 2 ).2  61493760mm 4
2 2

Inersia penampang utuh balok

bh 3 350.600 3
Ig    63,0.10 8 mm4
12 12

1,2 D 1,2.500
d    0,6
1,2 D  1,6 L 1,2.500  1,6.250

0,7 E c I g
0,7.27805.21,3.10 8
(kolom tepi) EI    2,59.1013 Nmm 2
(1   d ) 1  0,6

0,35E c I g 0,7.27805.63,0.10 8
(balok) EI    3,83.1013
(1   d ) 1  0,6

 EI / Ln(column) (2,59.1013 / 3500)  (2,59.1013 / 4000)

(kolom tepi) A  =  2,898
 EI / Ln( Beam) 3,83.1013 / 8000

 B  1(ujung . jepit )

2,898  1
 m  ( A   B ) / 2   1,949
2

20  2,898
m  2k  1  2,898  1,69
20
bh3 / 12
r  0,2887h  0,2887.400  115,48
bh

K .Ln 1,69.4000
 22 =>  58,53  22 factor kelangsingan harus diperhatikan
r 115,48

22
  EI / Ln(column) (2,59.1013 / 3500)  (2,59.1013 / 4000)
(kolom tengah) A  =  1,57
 EI / Ln( Beam) (3,83.1013 / 8000)  (3,83.1013 / 9500)
1,57  1
 m  ( A   B ) / 2   1,285
2
20  1,285
m  2 k  1  1,285  1,41
20
K .Ln 1,41.4000
 22 =>  48,83  22 factor kelangsingan harus diperhatikan
r 115,48

3.Perhitungan faktor pembesaran momen s

0,2.E c I g  E s I s 0,2.(27806.21,3.10 8 )  200000.61493760

(kolom tepi) EI  => EI   1,5.1013
(1   d ) (1  0,6)

0,4.E c I g 0,4.(27806.21,3.10 8 )
EI  => EI   1.48.1013
(1   d ) (1  0,6)

 2 EI  2 1,5.1013
Pc    3236362 N (untuk kolom tepi)
( K .Ln) 2 (1,69.4000) 2

 2 EI  2 1,5.1013
Pc    4649351N (kolom tengah)
( K .Ln) 2 (1,41.4000) 2

Cm 1
s    1,86
1   Pu /  Pc 1  2(1000  1375) /( 2.0,65(3236  4649))

M 2  M 2 ns   s .M 2 s =68 + 1,86 .(175) = 393,5KNm

e  M 2 / Pu  393,5 / 1000  0,3935m  emin  (15  0,03.400)  27mm  OK

4. Analisa kapasitas kolom

a. garis netral ditentukan c=131,41mm

b. hitung regangan dan tegangan yg terjadi pada tulangan baja untuk setiap lapisan tulangan.
0,003(c  di )
 si   fsi=si.Es
c
n
c. Hitung Pn  0,85 fc'.a.b   fsi. Asi =884,68KN
i 1
n
h a h
d. Hitung M n  0,85 fc'.a.b(  )   fsi. Asi.(  di ) =348,156 KNm
2 2 i 1 2
e. Trial and adjustment dihentikan pada saat konvergensi nilai e =0,3935m sama dengan yg telah
ditentukan.
23
Kesimpulan : dari hasil analisa, dibuktikan bahwa kolom tersebut tidak mampu menahan beban2
rencana seperti yg telah ditentukan.
M 392,5
Mn=348,156KNm < c   603,84 KNm
 0,65
P 1000
Pn=884,68 KN < u   1538,46 KNm
 0,65
e=0,3935m
FLOW CHART FOR DESIGNING SHEAR & TORSION REINFORCEMENT

24
 START

Data: fc’ , fy, bw, d, Mu, Vu, Nu, As

yes Vu   0,83 f c ' .bw .d No

  0,75

No DETAILED yes
CALCULATION

For members subjected to For members subjected to shear and flexural

shear and flexural  Vd Vd
Vc  0,16( f c  17 w u )bw d  0,29 f c bw d Dimana u  1
Vc  0,17 f c ' bw d Mu Mu
For members subject to For members subject to axial compression and flexural
axial compression and  Vd 0,29 N u
flexural Vc  0,16( f c  17 w u )bw d  0,29 f c bw d 1 
Mm Ag
 N 
Vc  0,17 1  u  f c ' bw d 4h  d
M m  M u  Nu ( )
 14 Ag  8

yes Vu  Vc No No
Vc
  0.75 Vu  
2

Av Vs yes

S 2 . f y .d
Av Vs
 AV 0,062 f c ' .bw 0,35.bw Shear
S 2 . f y .d .(sin   cos )   reinforcement
S fy fy
where Vs=Vu Vc Can be
neglected

1  Acp 2

Tcr   . . f c '  
3  Pcp 
 
Acp  bw .h
Pcp  2.(bw .h)

25
 yes No
T
TU  cr
4

Torsion At TU
reinforcement 
Are not S 2. . Ao . f y. cot( / 2)
required
Ao  0,85. Aoh
Aoh  (h  35).(bw  35)

Avt
S vt  Avt
( Av / S ) S vt 
( Av / S )  ( At / S )

Vs  0,33 f c ' .bw .d

d d
SV max   600mm SV max   300mm
2 4

ph
S t max   300mm
8
Chose  S vt max  minSV max , S t max 

S vt  S vt max

Check for crushing of the concrete compression struts.

2 2
 V ucr   T u P h   V f c' 
 b d         c  0.66  MPa 
 w   1.7 A 2    b w d MPa  
 oh 

Calculate longitudinal torsion reinforcement

 fyt    
Al  A tS Ph     cot  4 
   
fy

Check minimum total area of longitudinal reiforcement

fc'
0.42  MPa  A cp fyt
MPa
Almin   A tS Ph 
fy fy
26
 d'
Cy    cu  garis  netral  saat  tul  tekan  leleh
 cu   y'

600
Cy  d'
600  f y

T  Cc  C s
As . f y  0,85 f c . .c y .b  As ' . f y
600
As . f y  0,85 f c . . .d '.b  As ' . f y
600  f y
600
 As  As '  f y  0,85 f c . . .d '.b
600  f y
As  As ' 0,85 f c 600 d '.b
 . . .
b.d fy 600  f y b.d
0,85 f c 600 d'
  ' . . .  syarat  tul  tekan  leleh
fy 600  f y d

c  d'
 s'    cu
c
f s '   s ' .E s
 c  d'
f s '  200000.0,003 
 c 
 d'
f s '  6001  
 c

27
  cu
Cb  .d
 cu   y
600
Cb  .d  garis  netral  pada  keadaan  balance
600  f y
T  Cc  C s
As . f y  0,85 f c . .cb .b  As ' . f y
600
As . f y  0,85 f c . . .d '.b  As ' . f y
600  f y
600
 As  As '  f y  0,85 f c . . .d '.b
600  f y
As  As ' 0,85 f c 600
 . .
b.d ' fy 600  f y
0,85 f c 600
  ' . .
fy 600  f y
0,85. f c 600
b  . .  ratio  tul  tunggal  saat  keadaan  balance
fy 600  f y

T  Cc  C s
As . f y  0,85 f c . .c y .b  As ' . f s '
c  d'
As . f y  0,85 f c . .c.b  As ' .600
c
As . f y .c  0,85 f c . .b.c  As ' .600(c  d ' )
2

0,85 f c . .b.c 2  As ' .600.c  As . f y .c  As ' .600.d '  0

(0,85 f c ' . .b).c 2  ( As ' .600  As . f y ).c  As ' .600.d '  0

28
Cc  T
0,85 f c .a.b  As . f y
As . f y
a
0.85 f c .b
As . f y
M n  As . f y (d  )
0.85. f c .b.2
As2 . f y2
M n  As . f y .d 
0.85. f c .b.2
As2 . f y2
 As . f y .d  M n  0
0.85. f c .b.2
4. f y2 .M n .d 2
f y .d  f .d 
2 2

2.0,85. f c .b.d 2
y

As 
2. f y2
2.0,85. f c .b

2.M n
f y .d  f y2 .d 2 (1  )
0,85. f c .b.d 2
As 
f y2
0,85. f c .b

2.M n
0,85. f c .b. f y .d  0,85. f c .b. f y .d 1 
0,85. f c .b.d 2
As 
f y2

2.M n
0,85. f c .b.d  0,85. f c .b.d 1 
0,85. f c .b.d 2
As 
fy

0,85 f c ' bd 2M n
As  (1  1  )
fy 0,85 f c ' bd 2

29
30