NS

001:
Biological
Science

Prepared by: Ms. Coleen Angela Pagkaliwangan, LPT

Let Us Start!!!!
CELL
“
Smallest and the basic unit of life which
comes from the Latin word “Cella” which
means “small room”. The term cell was coined
by Robert Hooke after he observed a small,
thin slice of cork.

”
• Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things.
Some living things are unicellular organisms and
some are multicellular organisms.
• There are two kinds of organism according to its cell
structure:

• Prokaryotes are single celled organism that lack

nucleus, mitochondria and other organelles.
• Eukaryotes are organisms with cell that contain
nucleus and other organelles.
TWO TYPES
 PLANT CELL AND ANIMAL CELL
• Plant cell is the basic unit of life of the Kingdom
Plantae while Animal cell is the basic unit of life
in organism of the kingdom of Animalia.
• Plant cell and animal cell are both EUKARYOTIC
CELL.
• Plant cell is larger than Animal Cell
• Plant cells have fixed, rectangular shaped while
animal cells are mostly round and irregular in
shape
PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL
- invented the lens or first
microscope.
- an English scientist who
examined a thin-sliced cork
under microscope and
observed tiny compartments
which resembled little rooms.

- He called it “Cell”.

- created “Micrographia”, a
compilation of all of his
observation on cells
- A Dutch inventor who
developed the microscope.
In 1673, he had his
observation on pond
water organisms that he
called “animalcule” which
means little animal.

- “Father of Microbiology”
- discovered the nucleus and
theorized that this structure
is fundamental component
of the cell.
• All living things are composed of
one or more cells.
• Living cells come from pre-existing
cells.
• Cells are the basic units of structure
and function in organisms.
STRUCTURE
OF CELL
- Where the
photosynthesis
happen
- Green structure
that contain
chlorophyll
a pigment that gives plants
their green color, and it helps
plants create their own food
through photosynthesis.
 CELL WALL
- Is the external
boundary outer the
plasma membrane
which is only found in
plants.
 PLASMA MEMBRANE OR
CELL MEMBRANE

• A ‘selective ly p e r me ab le ’
membrane that regulates the
entry and exit of substances
on the cell and found in all
cell.
• It is found in all types of cell
and gives the cell a shape
• It adheres to neighboring cells
to form tissue and helps the
cell to communicate with the
environment
 PROTOPLASM

 A g e l - l i ke m a te r i a l wh i c h i s
enclosed by the cell membrane
that holds the organelles.
Two major types of protoplasm
 Cytoplasm
– the protoplasm lying outside
the nucleus
Cytosol - liquid portion of
Cytoplasm
• Karyoplasm(Nucleoplasm)
– the protoplasm inside the
nucleus
 MITOCHONDRIA
qRod-shaped organelle that is the
site of aerobic respiration where
energy from organic compounds is
transferred to ATP.
qPowerhouse of the cell.
qATP or Adenosine Triphosphate is
the main energy currency of cell.

GOLGI APPARATUS
q“Packaging counters of the cell”
qProcessing, packaging and secreting
organelle of the cell.
qIt receives and modify proteins for
export by the cell.
 ENDOPLASTIC
RETICULUM
q an internal transport system of
the cell that carry proteins and
other cell materials from one
part of cell to another.

2 TYPES OF ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM

a. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

(with ribosomes) – site of protein
synthesis.

b. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

(without ribosomes) – site of lipid
synthesis and is associated with
Golgi Apparatus.
 RIBOSOME
q Small, grain-like bodies that
known as protein builders or
the protein synthesizers of
the cell.

LYSOSOME
q “Suicidal bag of the cell”
q A small spherical organelle
that contains enzyme and site
of protein digestion.
 NUCLEUS
• It is normally the largest
organelle in Eukaryotic cell.
• Control center of the cell.
• It contains the cell
chromosomes.
• It is surrounded by double
membrane called nuclear
envelope and contain atleast
one nucleolus where the
ribosomes are synthesized.
 CENTRIOLES
q Centrioles are cylindrical
organelles that contain nine
microtubules. It produce spindle
fibers and help separate
chromosomes and move them
during cell division.

CENTROSOME

q "microtubule organizing center"

q A small body located near the
nucleus that contain the
centrioles, which are responsible
for the initiation of cell division.
 VACUOLES
q The storage structure

29
of the cell
q It can store food, water
and waste.
Thank you for
participating!

If you have any questions

/clarification feel free to
contact your teacher on her
designated consultation time..