SECTION A

QUESTION 7 KZNM16

7.1 If 4 tan α – 3 = 0 and 90o ≤ α ≤ 360o, determine without the use of a calculator
the value of cos2 α – sin α . (5)

7.2 Simplify, without using a calculator:

7.2.1
(
sin 61o . sin 90 o − θ ) (4)
(
cos 29 o . sin 180 o − θ )
7.2.2 sin 15o cos 15o (3)

7.3 Prove the following identity:

sin A − cos A sin A + cos A −2

+ = (6)
sin A + cos A sin A − cos A cos 2A
[18]
QUESTION 3 KZNJ16
D(b;4) y

In the diagram alongside, P

(6;a)
D Oˆ P = 90. The angle which OP
makes with the x – axis is θ .
Given D (b;4) ; P (6;a) and
0 x
5 cosθ − 2 = 0

3.1 Determine, without the use of a calculator,

the numerical value of:

3.1.1 a (3)

3.1.2 b (4)

3.2 Simplify without the use of the calculator.

3.2.1 sin 2 20  + sin 2 70  (3)

cos 330 .sin 140

3.2.2 (10)
sin (−160 ) . tan 405 .sin 290

2
QUESTION 4 KZNJ16

4.1 Prove the identity:

cos x 1
+ tan x = (4)
1+ sin x cos x

4.2 Solve for A:

sin 2A = cos 48  ; O  ≤ A ≤ 90 (3)

4.3 Determine the general solution of:

− 3
cos3 θ . cos θ + sin 3 θ . sin θ = (6)
2
[13]
ECS16

QUESTION 6 FSS16
2
6.1 If 900 < A < 3600 and tan A = , determine without the use of a calculator.
3
6.1.1 sin A (3)

6.1.2 cos 2A – sin 2A (4)

6.2 Given that sin x = t, express the following in terms of t, without the use of calculator.
6.2.1 cos (x – 900) (2)
6.2.2 sin 2x (3)
[12]

3
QUESTION 7 FSS16

cos 2 208°
7.1 Calculate without the use of a calculator:
tan 118°. sin 124° (6)

7.2 Calculate the general solution of 𝜃𝜃 where sin 𝜃𝜃 ≠ 0 and

1 − cos 2𝜃𝜃 = 8 sin 𝜃𝜃. sin 2𝜃𝜃 (6)
[12]
GPS16

4
QUESTION 6 LPS16

THIS QUESTION HAS TO BE ANSWERED WITHOUT THE USE OF A CALCULATOR:

sin140°.tan(−315°)
6.1 Simplify fully: 6.1.1 (5)
cos230°.sin420°

sin15°.cos15°
6.1.2 (5)
cos(45°−𝑥𝑥)cos𝑥𝑥−sin(45°−𝑥𝑥)sin𝑥𝑥

6.2.1 Express cos2 𝐴𝐴 in terms of cos2A (2)

�√3+2
6.2.2 Hence show that cos15° = (4)
2

6.3 Calculate 𝑥𝑥 when sin2𝑥𝑥 = cos(−3𝑥𝑥) for 𝑥𝑥 ∈ [−90°; 90°] (6)

MPS16

5
 NWS16

QUESTION 5 WCS16

5.1 If sin 34° = 𝑝𝑝, determine the value of each of the following in terms of 𝑝𝑝,
WITHOUT USING A CALCULATOR.

5.1.1 sin 214° (2)

5.1.2 cos 34° . cos(− 22°) + cos56°. sin 338° (4)

5.1.3 cos 68° (2)

5.2 Determine the value of each of the following expressions:

cos(90° − 2θ ). sin θ
5.2.1 2 (6)
sin (180° + θ ). cos(720° + θ )

1 1
5.2.2 − (4)
sin 2 2 x tan 2 2 x
[18]

6
QUESTION 5 NM16

5.1 P (− 7 ; 3) and S(a ; b) are points on the Cartesian plane, as shown in the diagram
below. PÔR = PÔS = θ and OS = 6.

y
P(– ; 3)

θ
• x
θ O R

S(a ; b)

Determine, WITHOUT using a calculator, the value of:

5.1.1 tan θ (1)

5.1.2 sin(–θ) (3)

5.1.3 a (4)

4 sin x cos x
5.2 5.2.1 Simplify to a single trigonometric ratio. (3)
2 sin 2 x − 1

4 sin 15° cos15°

5.2.2 Hence, calculate the value of WITHOUT using a
2 sin 2 15° − 1
calculator. (Leave your answer in simplest surd form.) (2)
[13]

7
 NJ16

QUESTION 6 KZNM17
y

In the diagram alongside,

( )
R − p ; p − 3 is a point
in a Cartesian plane, RÔX = θ
.
R(– p ; p −3 )

θ
O
x

6.1 Express cos 2θ in terms of p. (5)

6.2 Hence, for which real values of p is cos 2θ defined? (2)

1
6.3 Determine in terms of p if α and θ are supplementary. (2)
cos α
[9]

8
QUESTION 7 KZNM17

7.1 Simplify WITHOUT the use of a calculator

( )
cos 225 o . sin − 135 o − sin 330 o
(6)
tan 225 o

7.2 Prove the identity:

tan x − sin x 1
= (5)
3
sin x cos x (1 + cos x )

7.3 Determine the general solution of cos 2x + cos x – 2 = 0 (5)

[16]

QUESTION 3 KZNJ17

3.1 If sin 161o = t, express the following in terms of t:

3.1.1 cos 19o (3)

3.1.2 tan 71o (3)

1
3.1.3 (2)
(
cos − 341o )
3.2 If A + B = 90o and tan A = 0,2 then determine without the use of the calculator:

3.2.1 sin A (2)

3.2.2 cos (–180o – B) (3)

3.3 Determine the maximum value of:

8 – 10 sin x cos x (3)

[16]

QUESTION 4 KZNJ17

4.1 Simplify without using a calculator:

− 2sin 225 o . cos 315 o

3
sin 120 o . tan 570 o . cos 300 o

9
QUESTION 5 KZNS17
5.1 Show, without using a calculator, that
2+ 3
( )
2 cos − 45o + cos 210o − tan 840o =
2
. (5)

2n 1+ sin θ n +1
5.2 If sin θ = 2
, n > 1 and 0o < θ < 90o, prove that = . (7)
n +1 cos θ n −1
5.3 Prove the identity:
sin 2 x
= sin x (5)
 1 
cos x (1 − cos 2 x ) 1 + 2

 tan x 
5.4 In the figure below, semi-circle with centre O has radius x. Points A and B are on the
circumference of circle. Calculate in terms of x the maximum area of ΔAOB.

A B

x O (3)

ECS17 [20]

10
FSS17

11
GPS17
QUESTION 5

In the diagram below, P (6 ; k) is a point in the first quadrant. 𝑃𝑃0� 𝑇𝑇 = 𝜃𝜃 and OT = 2 . It is

further given that 5 cos θ − 2 = 0

● P (6; k)

●
O 2 T

5.1 Determine, without the use of a calculator:

5.1.1 tan θ in terms of k. (1)

5.1.2 The value of 𝑘𝑘. (4)

5.2 Simplify, without the use of a calculator, the following expression to a single
trigonometric ratio:

sin (90° − x ). tan (180° − x )

cos(− x ).sin (180° + x ) (6)

8cosA cos 2A
5.3 Determine the value of:
2cos 3 A − sin 2A.sinA (4)

5.4 Determine the general solution of 6 cos 2 x + sin x − 5 = 0 (7)

[22]

12
LPS17

MPS17

13
NWS17

14
WCS17

NM17

15
QUESTION 5 NJ17

5.1 Given: sin A = 2 p and cos A = p

5.1.1 Determine the value of tan A. (2)

5.1.2 Without using a calculator, determine the value of p, if

A ∈ [180° ; 270°]. (3)

5.2 Determine the general solution of 2 sin 2 x − 5 sin x + 2 = 0 (6)

5.3 5.3.1 Expand sin( x + 300°) using an appropriate compound angle formula. (1)

5.3.2 Without using a calculator, determine the value of

sin( x + 300°) − cos( x − 150°) . (5)

tan x + 1
5.4 Prove the identity: = sin x + cos x. (5)
sin x tan x + cos x

5.5 Consider: sin x + cos x = 1 + k

5.5.1 Determine k as a single trigonometric ratio. (3)

5.5.2 Hence, determine the maximum value of sin x + cos x . (2)

[27]

16
NN17

17
KZNJ18

KZNS18

18
ECS18

19
QUESTION 5 FSS18

5.1 In the diagram below, P is the point (𝑐𝑐; −√21) such that OP = 5 units.
Reflex BO � P = 𝜃𝜃 as indicated.
y

𝜃𝜃
O x
B

P�𝑐𝑐; −√21 �

5.1.1 Calculate the numerical value of 𝑐𝑐. (2)

5.1.2 Determine without the use of calculator, the numerical value of the following:

cos 𝜃𝜃 (1)

tan 𝜃𝜃 + 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠2 𝜃𝜃 (2)

sin 2𝜃𝜃 (2)

5.2 Simplify, without the calculator, to a single trigonometric ratio of 𝑥𝑥:

sin( x − 180°). tan x. cos 690°

cos 2 ( x − 90°) (5)
[12]

QUESTION 6 FSS18

2 sin 2 x cos x
6.1 Prove the identity: = (5)
2 tan x − sin 2 x sin x
6.2 Determine the general solution of 2 + 2 cos 2𝑥𝑥 = 0 (4)
[9]

20
GPS18

21
MPS18

22
NWS18

23
WCS18

24
NM18

NJ18

25
NN18

26
KZNM19

27
KZNJ19

28
KZNS19
QUESTION 5

5.1 Use the diagram below to calculate, without the use of a calculator, the following

(
A 1; − 3 )

5.1.1 tan θ (1)

5.1.2 sin(−𝜃𝜃) (3)

5.1.3 sin(𝜃𝜃 − 60°) (4)

5.2 Determine the value of the following trigonometric expression:

tan(180° − θ ) sin(90° + θ )
(6)
cos 300° sin(θ − 360°)

cos 2 x − 1
5.3 Consider: = − tan x
sin 2 x

5.3.1 Prove the identity (3)

5.3.2 For which value(s) of x , 0° < x < 360°, is this identity undefined? (3)

sin 4 x
5.3.3 Hence or otherwise, find the general solution of = 4. (4)
cos 4 x − 1
[24]

29
ECS19

30
FSS19
QUESTION 5

5.1 ( )
In the Cartesian plane below, the point B 3 ; - 3 3 and the reflex angle, α , are shown.

Determine (without using a calculator) the value of:

5.1.1 OB (2)

5.1.2 (
cos α + 30o ) (4)

5.2 Simplify:

( ) (
sin 2 90o − x . tan 360o − x ) (4)
sin (− x )

5.3 Prove that:

( ) ( )
cos 60o + θ − cos 60o − θ = − 3 sin θ (3)

1 − sin 2A
5.4 Consider the identity: = sin A − cos A
sin A − cos A

5.4.1 Prove the identity. (4)

5.4.2 For which values of A in the interval 0o < A < 180o will the identity be
undefined? (2)
[19]

31
GPS19

32
LPS19

33
NWS19
QUESTION 5

5.1 Simplify each of the following without the use of a calculator. Show
ALL calculations.

sin110°.tan 60°
5.1.1 (7)
cos 540°.tan 250°.sin 380°

5.1.2 (1 − 2 sin 22,5°)( 2 sin 22,5° + 1) (4)

cos 2 x. tan x
5.2 Given the expression:
sin 2 x

5.2.1 For which value(s) ofx, in the interval x ∈ [0° ; 180°] , will this
expression be undefined? (3)

cos 2 x. tan x cos x

5.2.2 Prove that = − tan x (5)
sin 2 x sin x
[19]

NJ19
QUESTION 5

5.1 Without using a calculator, write the following expressions in terms of sin 11° :

5.1.1 sin 191° (1)

5.1.2 cos 22° (1)

5.2 Simplify cos( x − 180°) + 2 sin( x + 45°) to a single trigonometric ratio. (5)

7
5.3 Given: sin P + sin Q = and P̂ + Q̂ = 90°
5
Without using a calculator, determine the value of sin 2P . (5)
[12]
NN19
QUESTION 5

5.1 Simplify the following expression to ONE trigonometric term:

sin x
+ sin(180° + x) cos(90° − x) (5)
cos x . tan x

sin 2 35° − cos 2 35°

5.2 Without using a calculator, determine the value of: (4)
4 sin 10° cos10°

34
5.3 Given: cos 26° = m
Without using a calculator, determine 2 sin 2 77° in terms of m . (4)
5.4 Consider: f ( x) = sin( x + 25°) cos15° − cos( x + 25°) sin 15°
5.4.1 Determine the general solution of f (x) = tan 165° (6)
5.4.2 Determine the value(s) of x in the interval x ∈ [0° ; 360°] for which
f (x) will have a minimum value. (3)
[22]
KZNM20

35
KZNJ20

KZNS20

36
ECS20

FSS20

37
GPS20

38
LPS20

39
WCS20

40
NN20

41
 SECTION B
QUESTION 8 KZNM16

8.1 Determine the general solution of cos 2x + cos x – 2 = 0 (5)

8.2 The sketch below, shows the graphs of :

f = {(x ; y / y = sin px} and

[
g = {(x ; y) / y = cos (x + q) ; x ∈ − 180 o ; 180 o ]
 1
A (45o ; 1) and B 165 o ; −  are two points of intersection of f and g.
 2
y

8.2.1 Determine the value(s) of p and q. (4)

8.2.2 What is the period of g? (1)

8.2.3 Write down the co-ordinates of C, the turning point of the curve g (1)

8.2.4 Write down the co-ordinates of D, a point of intersection of f and g. (1)

[12]
ECS16

42
QUESTION 8 FSS16

The graph of ℎ(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑎𝑎 tan 𝑥𝑥 ; for 𝑥𝑥 ∈ [−180°; 180°], 𝑥𝑥 ≠ −90°, is sketched below.

8.1 Determine the value of a. (2)

8.2 If 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = cos(𝑥𝑥 + 45°), sketch the graph of f for 𝑥𝑥 ∈ [−180°; 180°], on the diagram
provided in your ANSWER BOOK. (4)

8.3 How many solutions does the equation ℎ(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) have in the domain [−180°; 180°]?
(1)
[7]

43
GPS16

44
QUESTION 5 LPS16

The graphs below represent the functions of f and g.

f(x) = sin2x and 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑐𝑐sin𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑, 𝑥𝑥 ∈ [0°; 180°]

5.1 Determine the value(s) of x, for 𝑥𝑥 ∈ [0°; 180°] where:

5.1.1 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) – 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 2 (1)

5.1.2 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) ≤ 0 (2)

5.1.3 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥). 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) ≥ 0 (3)

5.2 𝑓𝑓 in the graph drawn above undergoes transformations to result in 𝑔𝑔 and h as given below. Determine
the values of 𝑎𝑎, 𝑏𝑏, 𝑐𝑐 and 𝑑𝑑 if

5.2.1 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑐𝑐sin𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 (2)

5.2.2 ℎ(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑎𝑎cos(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑏𝑏) (2)

[10]

45
MPS16

46
NWS16

47
QUESTION 6 WCS16

In the diagram, the graph of 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = −sin 2𝑥𝑥 is drawn for the interval 𝑥𝑥 𝜖𝜖 [−90°; 180°].

y
1

x
-90° -60° -30° 0 30° 60° 90° 120° 150° 180°

-1

6.1 Draw the graph of 𝑔𝑔, where 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = cos(𝑥𝑥 − 60°), on the same system of axes for
the interval 𝑥𝑥 𝜖𝜖 [−90°; 180°] in the ANSWER BOOK. (3)

6.2 Determine the general solution of 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥). (5)

6.3 Use your graphs to solve 𝑥𝑥 if 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) ≤ 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) for 𝑥𝑥 𝜖𝜖 [−90°; 180°] (3)

6.4 If the graph of f is shifted 30° left, give the equation of the new graph which is
formed. (2)

6.5 What transformation must the graph of g undergo to form the graph of h, where
h(x) = sin x? (2)
[15]

48
QUESTION 6 NM16

Given the equation: sin(x + 60°) + 2cos x = 0

6.1 Show that the equation can be rewritten as tan x = − 4 − 3 . (4)

6.2 Determine the solutions of the equation sin(x + 60°) + 2cos x = 0 in the interval
–180° ≤ x ≤ 180°. (3)

6.3 In the diagram below, the graph of f (x) = –2 cos x is drawn for –120° ≤ x ≤ 240°.

6.3.1 Draw the graph of g(x) = sin(x + 60°) for –120° ≤ x ≤ 240° on the grid
provided in the ANSWER BOOK. (3)

6.3.2 Determine the values of x in the interval –120° ≤ x ≤ 240° for which
sin(x + 60°) + 2cos x > 0. (3)
[13]

49
NJ16

50
QUESTION 4 KZNJ17

4.2 The figure below, shows sketches of the functions f = {(x ; y) / y = a sin x} and
g = {(x ; y) / y = tan bx}

4.2.1 Determine the values of a and b. (2)

4.2.2 What is the period of f? (1)

4.2.3 What is period of g? (1)

4.2.4 [ ]
If xε − 180 o ;180 o , show that the values of x for which asin x = tan bx
are [–120o; 00; 1200]. (8)

QUESTION 6 KZNS17

6.1 6.1.1 Write down an expansion for sin (x + 30o). Leave your answer in surd form. (3)

6.1.2 Hence, solve the equation:

2 cos x = sin (x + 30o) for x ∈ [− 180° ; 270°] (7)

6.2 On the axes provided, in your answer book sketch the graphs of f(x) = 2 cos x
and g(x) = sin (x + 30o) for the interval x ∈ [− 180° ; 270°] . (6)

51
ECS17

FSS17

52
QUESTION 6 GPS17

In the diagram below, the graph of g ( x ) = cos 2 x, for x ∈ [−90  ;120  ] is drawn.

-60° -30° 0 30° 60° 90° 120° x

-1

6.1 Draw the graph of f ( x ) = sin ( x + 30°) for x ∈ [−90°; 120°] on the set of axes provided
in the ANSWER BOOK. (3)
6.2 Determine the value(s) of x , x ∈ [− 90°; 120°] for which both graphs are decreasing.
(2)
6.3. Consider h( x ) = f ( x + 60°) .
6.3.1 Describe the transformation the graph of f has to undergo to form the graph (2)
of h:

6.3.2 Determine the equation of h in its simplest form. (2)

[9]

53
LPS17

54
WCS17

55
NM17

56
 QUESTION 6 NJ17

In the diagram are the graphs of f ( x) = sin 2 x and h( x) = cos( x − 45°) for the interval
x ∈ [−180° ; 180°] . A(–135° ; –1) is a minimum point on graph h and C(45° ; 1) is a maximum
 1
point on both graphs. The two graphs intersect at B, C and D 165° ; −  .
 2

f
h

180o x
–180 o
–90 o
0° 90°

B
D

6.1 Write down the period of f. (1)

6.2 Determine the x-coordinate of B. (1)

1
6.3 Use the graphs to solve 2 sin x. cos x ≤ (cos x + sin x) for the interval
2
x ∈ [−180° ; 180°] . Show ALL working. (4)
[6]

57
NN17

58
KZNS18

ECS18

59
QUESTION 8 FSS18

The diagram below shows the graphs of 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = a cos 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 and 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑐𝑐 sin 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 in the
interval 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥[0°; 180°]. The graphs f and g intersect at points P and Q. M(90°; 2) is the turning point of
g and N(180°; 1) is an end point of f.

g
N

1800

𝑓𝑓

8.1 Write down the numerical value of 𝑎𝑎, 𝑏𝑏, 𝑐𝑐 and 𝑑𝑑. (4)

8.2 If (158,56°; 0,73) are the coordinates of Q, write down the co-ordinates of P. (2)

8.3 If 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥(0°; 180°), determine the value(s) of 𝑥𝑥 for which:

8.3.1 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) − 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 3 (1)

8.3.2 f ( x ).g ( x ) ≤ 0 (2)

[9]

60
GPS18

61
MPS18

62
NWS18

63
WCS18

64
NM18

NJ18

65
NN18

KZNM19

66
KZNJ19

67
QUESTION 6 KZNS19

In the diagram below, the graph of f ( x) = 2 sin x is drawn for the interval x ∈ [ −120° ; 180°] .

2 f

x
300o
o
–120o –90o – 60o –30o 60o 90o 120o 150o 180o

–1

–2

6.1 Draw on the same system of axes the graph of g ( x ) = cos( x + 30°) , for the interval
x ∈ [ −120° ; 180°] . Show all intercepts with the axes as well as the turning and end
Points of the graph. (4)

6.2 Write down the period of f. (1)

6.3 For which values of x in the interval x ∈ [ −120° ; 180°] is:

6.3.1 The graph of g decreasing? (2)

6.3.2 f (x). g(x) > 0? (2)

6.4 If the graph of g is moved 60° to the left, determine the equation of the new
graph which is formed, in its simplest form. (2)

[11]

68
ECS19

69
QUESTION 6 FSS19

6.1 ( o
Determine the general solution for sin 2 x = cos x − 30 . ) (5)

6.2 (
The diagram below shows the graph of g ( x ) = cos x − 30
o
) for the interval x ∈ [− 180 ;180 ].
o o

6.2.1 Write down the period of g . (1)

6.2.2 Determine the values of x for which the graph of g increasing. (2)

6.2.3 On the same system of axes draw the graph of f ( x ) = sin 2 x for
[ ]
x ∈ − 180o ;180o in your ANSWER BOOK. (3)

6.2.4 Hence or otherwise, determine the values of x in the interval − 180 ≤ x ≤ 180
o o

for which f ( x ). g ( x ) < 0 . (3)

[14]

70
GPS19

71
LPS19

72
NWS19
QUESTION 6

In the diagram below, the graphs of f (x) =acosxand g(x) = sinbx are drawn for the interval
x∈ [0° ; 180°]. The point P(180° ; –3) is on the graph of f.

x
0° 90° 180°
g

P(180° ; –3)

6.1 Write down the values of a and b. (2)

6.2 Write down the period of f. (1)

6.3 Write down the range of g(x) + 3 (2)

6.4 For which values of x, in the given interval, is f ( x).g ′( x) > 0 (3)

6.5 When the graph of g is shifted q° to the left, it coincides with the function
y − cos 2 x =
− sin 2 x. Determine the value of q. (3)
[11]

73
NJ19
QUESTION 6

6.1 Determine the general solution of cos( x − 30°) = 2 sin x . (6)

6.2 In the diagram, the graphs of f ( x) = cos( x − 30°) and g ( x) = 2 sin x are drawn for
the interval x ∈ [−180° ;180°] . A and B are the x–intercepts of f. The two graphs
intersect at C and D, the minimum and maximum turning points respectively of f.
y

D g

–180° B 0° A 180° x

f
C

6.2.1 Write down the coordinates of:

(a) A (1)

(b) C (2)

6.2.2 Determine the values of x in the interval x ∈ [−180° ; 180°] , for which:

(a) Both graphs are increasing (2)

(b) f ( x + 10°) > g ( x + 10°) (2)

6.2.3 Determine the range of y = 22sin x + 3 (5)

[18]

74
NN19
QUESTION 6

In the diagram, the graphs of f ( x ) = sin x − 1 and g ( x ) = cos 2 x are drawn for the interval
x ∈ [− 90° ; 360°] . Graphs f and g intersect at A. B(360° ; –1) is a point on f.

x
0° 90° 180° 270° 360°
A
B

6.1 Write down the range of f. (2)

6.2 Write down the values of x in the interval x ∈[− 90° ; 360°] for which graph f is
decreasing. (2)

6.3 P and Q are points on graphs g and f respectively such that PQ is parallel to the
y-axis. If PQ lies between A and B, determine the value(s) of x for which PQ
will be a maximum. (6)
[10]

75
KZNJ20

76
KZNS20

77
ECS20

78
79
GPS20

80
LPS20

81
WCS20

82
NN20

83
 SECTION C – 2D AND 3D APPLICATIONS
QUESTION 5 KZNJ16

In the diagram below, PQ is a vertical mast. R and S are two points in the
same horizontal plane as Q, such that :

QRˆ S = α ; QSˆR = β , SR = 8 − 2 x , QS = x
P

θ
Q R
α

(8– 2x) units

x units
β
S

x sin β tan θ
5.1 Show that: PQ = (5)
sin α

5.2
3 2
5.2.1 If β = 60 , show that the area of ΔQSR = 2 3 x – x (3)
2
5.2.2 Determine the value of x for which the area of ΔQSR will maximum. (3)

5.2.3 Calculate the length of QR if the area of Δ QSR is maximum. (3)

[14]

84
ECS16

85
 QUESTION 9 FSS16

Triangle PQS represents a certain area of a park. R is a point on line PS such that
QR divides the area of the park into two triangular parts, as shown below.
3𝑥𝑥
PQ = PR = 𝑥𝑥 units, RS = units and RQ = √3x units.
2

S Q
1 2
√3 𝑥𝑥
3𝑥𝑥
2 1 𝑥𝑥
2
R
𝑥𝑥

9.1 �.
Calculate the size of P (4)

9.2 Determine the area of triangle QRS in terms of x. (5)

[9]
QUESTION 7 LPS16

� D = 74,47°.
Quadrilateral ABCD is drawn with AB = BC = 10cm, AC = 10√3 cm , CD = 19,27 cm and CA

7.1 Calculate the size of ABˆ C . (3)

7.2 Determine whether ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. Justify your answer with the necessary calculations
and reasons. (5)
[8]

86
ECS16

87
MPS16

NWS16

88
QUESTION 7 WCS16

In the diagram below, D, B and C are points in the same horizontal plane. AC is a vertical pole
� C= θ ;
and the length of the cable from D to the top of the pole, A, is 𝑝𝑝 meters. AC ⊥ CD. AD
� �
DCB = (90° − 𝜃𝜃) and CBD = 2𝜃𝜃.

7.1 Prove that:

p cos θ
BD =
2 sin θ (5)

7.2 Calculate the height of the flagpole AC if θ = 30° and 𝑝𝑝 = 3 meters. (2)

7.3 � B = 70°
Calculate the length of the cable AB if it is further given that AD (5)
[12]

89
QUESTION 7 NM16

7.1 In the diagram below, ∆PQR is drawn with PQ = 20 – 4x, RQ = x and Q̂ = 60°.

P
20 – 4x
Q
60°

7.1.1 Show that the area of ∆PQR = 5 3 x − 3 x 2 . (2)

7.1.2 Determine the value of x for which the area of ∆PQR will be a
maximum. (3)

7.1.3 Calculate the length of PR if the area of ∆PQR is a maximum. (3)

7.2 In the diagram below, BC is a pole anchored by two cables at A and D. A, D and
C are in the same horizontal plane. The height of the pole is h and the angle of
elevation from A to the top of the pole, B, is β. AB̂D = 2 β and BA = BD.
B

2β

β
A C

Determine the distance AD between the two anchors in terms of h. (7)

[15]

90
NJ16

91
QUESTION 8 KZNM17

8.1 Given Δ KMN, with N̂ obtuse, as shown in the diagram below:

K

N
M

sin M sin N
Prove that = (4)
m n

8.2 In the diagram below, S,Q and R are points in the same plane. PS is a vertical
telephone mast. The angle of elevation of P from Q is θ . SQ̂R = x,
SR̂Q = y, QR = 10m.

θ
y
x R
Q

8.2.1 Express PS in terms of QS and θ (2)

10 sin y
8.2.2 Show that QS = (4)
sin ( x + y )
[10]

92
QUESTION 4 KZN J17

4.3 In the figure alongside, A, B and C are three points in the same horizontal plane.
D is vertically above B and E is vertically above C. The angle of elevation of E
from D is θ0. F is a point on EC such that FD // CB. BÂC = α , AĈB = β
and AC = b metres.

F D

… …………. … …………. B
C
…………. … ………………. …… ……
… β… …
…… … …………………..
………….
… ………
……
…
………….
…………. ……………..
………….
… …… …………. … ……
………….
…………………..
…… … …
………………..
b ………….
………….
α…
A

4.3.1 Express DE in terms of DF and θ (2)

b sin α
sin (α + β ) cos θ
4.3.2 Hence show that DE = (5)

93
QUESTION 6 KZNS17

6.3 TK is a pole with K in the same horizontal plane as L and M. The angle of elevation
of T from M is β . LK̂M = x and KL̂M = y .

K L
x y

KL sin y . tan β
Show that KT = (5)
sin ( x + y )

94
ECS17

95
FSS17

96
QUESTION 7 GPS17

In the diagram below, PR is a diameter of the circle, passing through P, Q and R. S is a point outside
of the circle. RS and PS are drawn. PS = x. PR̂S = θ , RP̂S = β and PR̂Q = α

1
2

S
Q ●

2 1

Prove that: P

x. sin (θ + β )
7.1 PR =
sin θ (2)

x cos α . sin (θ + β )
7.2 QR =
sin θ (3)

[5]

97
LPS17

98
MPS17

99
NWS17

100
WCS17

101
NM17

102
QUESTION 7 NJ17

A rectangular box with lid ABCD is given in FIGURE (i) below. The lid is opened through 60°
to position HKCD, as shown in the FIGURE (ii) below. EF = 12 cm, FG = 6 cm and BG
= 8 cm.

A B

8 cm
D C

6 cm
12 cm
E F
FIGURE (I)

H K

A
B

60° 8 cm

D C
G

L
12 cm
E F
FIGURE (II)

7.1 Write down the length of KC. (1)

7.2 Determine KL, the perpendicular height of K, above the base of the box. (3)

sinKD̂L
7.3 Hence, determine the value of . (4)
sinDL̂K
[8]

103
NN17

104
KZNJ18

KZNS18

105
ECS18

106
QUESTION 7 FSS18

In the given diagram, DG is a diameter of the circle having radius r.

DE and EF are chords so that DE= EF = 𝑟𝑟.
FD and FG are joined.

r
r

O
r

F
θ
G

7.1 � in terms of 𝜃𝜃.

Write down the size of E (1)

7.2 Prove that DF = 𝑟𝑟√2 + 2 cos 𝜃𝜃 (2)

7.3 Prove that 2 sin2 𝜃𝜃 = 1 + cos 𝜃𝜃 (3)

7.4 Hence, calculate the size of 𝜃𝜃. (5)

[11]

107
GPS18

108
MPS18

109
NWS18

110
WCS18

111
NM18

112
NJ18

113
NN18

114
KZNJ19

ECS19

115
QUESTION 7 FSS19

In the diagram below, B, C and D are three points on the same horizontal plane such that
BD = DC = y . CB̂D = α and AB̂D = θ . Line BC = x .

B C

x [7]
Prove that AB =
2 cos α cos θ

116
GPS19

117
LPS19

118
QUESTION 7 NWS19

7.1 In the diagram below, ∆ ABC is drawn having A at the origin, B on the x-axis and the
vertex C has the coordinates(bcosA ; bsinA).

y
C (bcosA ; bsinA)

x
A B

Use the above diagram to prove that a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2bc cos A (4)

7.2 In the diagram below, ∆ TPR is equilateral with PR = 60 units. Q is a point on RT such
that RQ:QT = 5:1.

60

T P

7.2.1 Show, by calculations, that PQ = 55,68 units. (4)

7.2.2 It is given that S is any point on the straight line PQ. Calculate the distance
QS when S is the nearest to R. (4)
[12]

119
NJ19
QUESTION 7

In the diagram below, CGFB and CGHD are fixed walls that are rectangular in shape and vertical
to the horizontal plane FGH. Steel poles erected along FB and HD extend to A and E
respectively. ∆ACE forms the roof of an entertainment centre.
BC = x, CD = x + 2, BÂC = θ , AĈE = 2θ and EĈD = 60°

θ
D

B 2θ
60° x+2
x
C
H
F

7.1 Calculate the length of:

7.1.1 AC in terms of x and θ (2)

7.1.2 CE in terms of x (2)

7.2 Show that the area of the roof ∆ACE is given by 2 x ( x + 2) cos θ . (3)

7.3 If θ = 55° and BC = 12 metres, calculate the length of AE. (4)

[11]

120
QUESTION 7 NN19

The diagram below shows a solar panel, ABCD, which is fixed to a flat piece of concrete slab
EFCD. ABCD and EFCD are two identical rhombuses. K is a point on DC such that
DK = KC and AK ⊥ DC. AF and KF are drawn. AD̂C = CD̂E = 60° and AD = x units.

A B

60°
D C
K
60°

E F

7.1 Determine AK in terms of x. (2)

7.2 Write down the size of KĈF . (1)

7.3 It is further given that AK̂F , the angle between the solar panel and the concrete slab,
is y. Determine the area of ∆ AKF in terms of x and y. (7)
[10]

121
KZNJ20

122
KZNS20

123
ECS20

124
FSS20

125
GPS20

LPS20

[6]

126
WCS20

127
NN20

128