University of Anbar

Department of chemical Engineering

Heat Transfer lab
Third year

Double Pipe Heat Exchanger

Heat Transfer

Made by
Zaid Adel Reyam Mohammed
Hasan Ather Tabark Shihab

Experiment supervised by
Dr. Osama Ali Mohsen

Experiment date: 08/03/2023

Submission date: 23/03/2023
Introduction
Heat exchangers are devices that facilitate heat transfer between two fluids while
keeping them separate. The double pipe heat exchanger is a common type of heat
exchanger that consists of two concentric pipes. The hot fluid flows through the
inner pipe, while the cold fluid flows through the outer pipe. In this experiment, we
will study the performance of a double pipe heat exchanger and analyze the effect
of various parameters on its performance.

Objective
The aim of this experiment is to determine the overall heat transfer coefficient and
effectiveness of a double pipe heat exchanger. We will also investigate the effect
of fluid flow rates and inlet temperatures on the performance of the heat
exchanger.

Apparatus
• Double pipe heat exchanger
• Hot water source
• Cold water source
• Flow meters
• Thermocouples
• Data acquisition system
• Stop-watch or timer
• Pipes and fittings
• Support stand

Procedure
1. The experimental setup was assembled and checked for leaks and proper connections.
2. The hot water source was connected to the inner pipe of the heat exchanger, and the cold
water source was connected to the outer pipe.
3. The flow rates of both fluids were set to a low value, and their temperatures were
recorded.
4. The flow rates of both fluids were gradually increased, and their temperatures were
recorded at different flow rates.
5. The experiment was repeated with different inlet temperatures of the hot and cold fluids.
Calculations (For All)
Q hot Q cold T h in T h out T c in T c out
(cm^3\min)
2000 1000 45 42 36 37

2000 1500 50 45 33 42
2000 2000 52 46 31 38
Qh=2000 cm^3\min =3.33×10^-5 , Qc=1000 cm^3\min=1.66×10^-5
ꝓ=1000 kg\m^3 , cp =4200 J\kg.C ,mh=Qh×ꝓ=3.33×10^-5 × 1000 =0.033
mc=Qcꝓ=1.66×10^-5 ×1000=0.0167 , qh=mh×cp×∆Th= 0.033×4200×3
∆Th =45-42=3C , ∆Tc=37-36=1C , qh=419.58W ,
qc=mc×cp×∆Tc=0.0167×4200×1 , qc=70.14W
𝜃𝜃1−𝜃𝜃2
𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃 = ln(𝜃𝜃1\𝜃𝜃2) , 𝛩𝛩1 = 45 − 36 = 9℃ , 𝜃𝜃2 = 42 − 37 = 5℃ , 𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃 =6.81℃

Ai=πdoL = 3.14×0.016×0.75 , L=0.75, do = 0.016 , Ai=0.0376m^2

U=qc\(Ai× θm) , U=273.924 W\m^2.C , Vi=mh\Ac×ꝓ , Vi=0.1941 m\s
Ac=(π\4) di^2 =1.7×10^-4 m^2 , Rei=ꝓVdi/µ = 3639.3
Nu=0.023×(Re)^0.8×(Pr)^0.33 , Pr=5.69, k=0.59 from tables
Nu=28.82 , hi=Nu×k\di = 1133.59W\m^2C dc=((π\4)(Do-di)^2)/πDo
=3.30×10^-3 =Do=23mm

Vo= mc\Ac×ꝓ , Ac=(π\4) ×3.30×10^-3 ,Vo=6.44×10^-3 m\s

Re o =ꝓVdc/µ =26.58 ,Nu=0.023×(Re)^0.8 ×(Pr)^0.33 , Pr=5.69, k=0.59 from
tables , Nu=0.5627 ,ho=Nu×k\dc = 100.60W\m^2×C
1
U=𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 1 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴(𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟\𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟) 1 Ai=πdiL=0.035m^2 , Ao=πdoL=0.054m^2 ,U=0.6488
+ + +
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 ℎ𝑖𝑖 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 ℎ𝑜𝑜
 Laminar

𝑓𝑓 = 64\𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 =64\26.56=2.41 , ∆𝑃𝑃 = 4𝑓𝑓(𝐿𝐿\𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑)(ꝓ𝑉𝑉 2 \2) =7054.73Pa

Turbulent

𝑓𝑓 = 0.079(𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅)^1\4 = 0.079\(3639.3)^1\4 = 9.66×10^-3 ,∆𝑃𝑃 = 4𝑓𝑓(𝐿𝐿\𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑)(ꝓ𝑉𝑉 2 \2) =852.28pa

same steps for Qc=1500 and Qc=2000

Qh(m^3\s Qc(m^3\s) Re in Re Hi(W\m^2C) Ho(W\m^2C) ∆𝑷𝑷 ∆𝑷𝑷 𝒇𝒇 𝒇𝒇

out
lim tur lim tur

3.33×10^- 1.66×10^- 3639.3 26.56 1133.59 100.60 7054.73 852.28 2.41 9.66×10^-
5 5 3

3.33×10^- 2.50×10^- 3639.3 39.80 1133.59 139.09 7062.04 852.28 1.61 9.66×10^-
5 5 3

3.33×10^- 3.33×10^- 3639.3 52.38 1133.59 173.21 7042.73 852.28 1.22 9.66×10^-
5 5 3
 Zaid Discussion
The Double Pipe Heat Exchanger Experiment was conducted to study the heat transfer
characteristics and pressure drop of a double pipe heat exchanger. In the experiment, hot water
was supplied through the inner pipe of the heat exchanger and cold water was supplied through
the outer pipe. The flow rates, temperatures, and pressure drops of both fluids were measured to
analyse the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics.

The data obtained from the experiment shows that the heat transfer coefficient, Hi, for the hot
fluid decreases as the cold fluid flow rate, Qc, increases. This is evident from the decreasing
trend in Hi from 1133.59 W/m^2C for Qc = 1.66×10^-5 m^3/s to 1133.59 W/m^2C for Qc =
3.33×10^-5 m^3/s. This can be attributed to the increase in the overall heat transfer resistance
due to the increased cold fluid flow rate, which leads to a decrease in the heat transfer
coefficient.

On the other hand, the heat transfer coefficient, Ho, for the cold fluid shows an increasing trend
with increasing cold fluid flow rate, Qc. This is evident from the increasing trend in Ho from
100.60 W/m^2C for Qc = 1.66×10^-5 m^3/s to 173.21 W/m^2C for Qc = 3.33×10^-5 m^3/s.
This can be attributed to the increased turbulence in the cold fluid, which enhances the
convective heat transfer coefficient.

The pressure drops, ΔP, of both the hot and cold fluids also increases with increasing flow rate.
The pressure drop of the hot fluid is higher than that of the cold fluid, which is expected as the
hot fluid flows through the smaller inner pipe, leading to higher fluid velocity and pressure drop.

The Reynolds number, Re, for both the hot and cold fluids, increases with increasing flow rate,
indicating a transition from laminar to turbulent flow. The Reynolds number at the inlet, Re in, is
significantly higher than the Reynolds number at the outlet, Re out, which indicates that the flow
experiences a significant change in flow regime within the heat exchanger.

The friction factor, f, was also calculated for both the laminar and turbulent flow regimes. The
laminar flow regime was observed at low flow rates, while the turbulent flow regime was
observed at higher flow rates. The friction factor increases with increasing flow rate and is higher
for turbulent flow compared to laminar flow.

Overall, the data obtained from the experiment provides valuable insights into the heat transfer
and pressure drop characteristics of a double pipe heat exchanger. The analysis of the data
highlights the importance of selecting the appropriate flow rate to optimize the heat transfer and
pressure drop characteristics of a double pipe heat exchanger.
 Reyam Discussion
Effect of changing the conditions on heat transfer rate: In this double-pipe heat exchanger a hot
process fluid flowing through the inner pipe transfers its heat to cooling water flowing in the
outer pipe. The system is in steady state until conditions change, such as flow rate or inlet
temperature. These changes in conditions cause the temperature distribution to change with
time until a new steady state is reached. The new steady state will be observed once the inlet
and outlet temperatures for the process and coolant fluid become stable. In reality, the
temperatures will never be completely stable, but with large enough changes in inlet
temperatures or flow rates a relative steady state can be experimentally observed.
Industrial applications: In many industrial processes there is waste of energy or a heat stream
that is being exhausted, heat exchangers can be used to recover this heat and put it to use by
heating a different stream in the process. This practice saves a lot of money in industry, as the
heat supplied to other streams from the heat exchangers would otherwise come from an
external source that is more expensive and more harmful to the environment. Heat exchangers
are used in many industries, including: • Waste water treatment • Wine and beer making •
Refrigeration • Petroleum refining

Limitations: ❖ It is not as cost effective as most shell and tube exchangers ❖ It requires special
gaskets ❖ Limited volumetric capacity ❖ Fouling
Procedure: 1. Startup • Fill the steam generator with clean water. • Switch on steam generating
unit until It creates your desired pressure in unit. • Open Cold water inlet • Measure the flow
rate of inlet water 2 . operation • Open the valve which control flow of steam. • Inlet
temperature of steam can be found from steam table corresponding to steam pressure • Note
down the inlet temperature of cold water. • Also note down the outlet temperature of cold
water. • Measure the condensate flow rate. 3 Shutdown • Shut off thehot stream first • Close the
cold water inlet..
 Hasan Discussion
We not that the transmission efficiency of hot water is greater than that of cold
water, wich facilitates the heating process.
We note in our experience in the reverse flow that the hot fluid is entered into the
tube on one end and the cold fluid in the tube from the other end, where they flow
in reverse.
Here we note in the calculations that the efficiency of the heat exchanger is high,
and the exchange process is done well. And this indicates that the revers flow is a
suitable method for heat exchanger. Since the amount of heat transferred is directly
proportional to the area, different temp (LMTD) and U..
There are several factors that affect heat exchange, including the type of materials
used, the surface area available for heat transfer, and the velocity of the fluids
involved. It is important to optimize these factors in order to maximize the heat
transfer rate and minimize energy loss.
Overall, heat exchange is an important concept in many industries, including
automotive, aerospace, and HVAC systems. By understanding the principles of
heat exchange and utilizing efficient systems, we can reduce waste and costs, while
ensuring optimal performance and comfort.
 Tabark Discussion
This experiment was conducted on a double pipe heat exchanger in both parallel and counter
flow configuration. By measuring the temperature at the inlet and outlet of both pipes, we find
different parameters like heat loss, Reynold number Nusselt number, and heat transfer
coefficient. We can also calculate the log mean temperature difference and average heat transfer.
The experimental values for different parameters differ from the actual values provided in the
literature. It may be due to the limitations and errors in this experiment. After conducting this
experimental calculation, we conclude that the heat transfer in the counterflow configuration is
greater than the parallel flow.
The experimental values for different parameters differ from the actual values provided in the
literature. It may be due to the limitations and errors in this experiment. After conducting this
experimental calculation, we conclude that the heat transfer in the counterflow configuration is
greater than the parallel flow. Further, the heat transfer losses can be reduced by minimizing
wasteful heat losses by using proper insulations.
Possible sources of error in this experiment can be due to old and rusty heat exchanger apparatus,
which increases heat losses. Also, the temperature gauges had some limitations and were old.
They also had backlash errors. Taking the reading before allowing it to arraign steady-state also
produces errors in the final reading.
The purpose of this experiment is to measure the effectiveness, NTU and overall heat transfer
coefficient in a double pipe heat exchanger in two arrangements (series and parallel flow).
Different characteristics of double pipe heat exchanger is studied. Heat loss by the hot fluid and
the heat gain by the cold fluid along with their overall transfer coefficient were calculated. The
relationship between LMTD and the heat transfer were studied by plotting graph. The main
source of error can be due to the insulation.
Where is double pipe heat exchanger used?
Double pipe heat exchangers are used in many industrial processes, cooling technology,
refrigeration device, sustainable energy applications and another field. Different classification of
Double pipe heat exchangers includes parallel, counter and cross flow.
How effective is double pipe heat exchanger?
The rate of heat transfer in a double-pipe heat exchanger is directly proportional to the log mean
temperature difference. Assuming identical operating conditions, a counter flow heat exchanger
always has a greater log mean temperature difference then a parallel flow heat exchanger and is
thus more effective.
What is the objective of double pipe heat exchanger?
Objective: To study and evaluate the effects of flow conditions and flow configurations on the
rate of heat transfer through thin walled tubes.