Professional Documents
Culture Documents
雙埠
V1 網路 V2
¾ V1及I1為輸入埠之電壓及電流; V2及I2為輸出埠之電壓
及電流,。
V1
Z 12 = =開路反向阻抗(Open-circuit Reverse Impedance)
I2 I1 = 0
V2
Z 21 = =開路順向阻抗(Open-circuit Forward Impedance)
I1 I 2 =0
V2
Z 22 = =開路輸出阻抗(Open-circuit Output Impedance)
I 2 I =0
1
Microwave & Communication Lab. 4
雙埠網路的參數
雙埠網路的Y參數
I 1 Y11 Y12 V1 I 1 = Y11V1 + Y12V2
I = Y ⇒
I 2 = Y21V1 + Y22V2
2 21 Y22 V2
I1
Y11 = =短路輸入導納(Short-circuit Input Admittance)
V1 V2 = 0
I1
Y12 = =短路反向導納(Short-circuit Reverse Admittance)
V2 V1 = 0
I2
Y21 = =短路順向導納(Short-circuit Forward Admittance)
V1 V2 = 0
I2
Y22 = =短路輸出導納(Short-circuit Output Admittance)
V2 V = 0
1
Microwave & Communication Lab. 5
雙埠網路的參數
雙埠網路的S參數
a1 a2
雙埠
網路
b1 b2
¾ ai及bi為雙埠網路之入射及反射行波(Traveling Wave)。
b1
S12 = =反向穿透係數(Reverse Transmission Coefficient)
a2 a1 = 0
b2
S 21 = =順向穿透係數(Forward Transmission Coefficient)
a1 a2 = 0
b2
S 22 = =輸出反射係數(Output Reflection Coefficient)
a 2 a =0
1
Microwave & Communication Lab. 7
雙埠網路的參數
ABCD矩陣
I1 I2
雙埠
V1 網路 V2
V1 V1
A= B=
V1 A B V2 V2 I 2 =0
I2 V2 = 0
I = C D I ⇒
1 2 C = I1 D=
I1
V2 I 2 =0
I2 V2 = 0
總ABCD矩陣為
A B A1 B1 A2 B2 An Bn
= ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅
C D
total C1 D1 C 2
D2 C n Dn
入射方向的功率通量(Power Flow)為
2 2
2 2 V fi Vri 2 2
ai − bi = − = I fi Z 0 − I ri Z 0
Z0 Z0
Microwave & Communication Lab. 10
雙埠網路的參數
Remark:(續)
¾ 若ai與bi為電壓與電流波的加成,並且實數Z0為其正規
化阻抗,則
Vi = V fi + Vri = ai Z 0 + bi Z 0
Vi + Z 0 I i Vi − Z 0 I i
ai bi ⇒ ai = , bi =
I i = I fi − I ri = − 2 Z0 2 Z0
Z0 Z0
¾ 若Z0為複數阻抗,則ai與bi必須修正為
Vi + Z 0* I i Vi − Z 0* I i
ai = , bi =
2 Re(Z 0 ) 2 Re(Z 0 )
此時,入射方向的功率通量為 Re(V I ) = ai − bi * 2 2
i i
I
率。 12
Microwave & Communication Lab.
雙埠網路的參數
Remark:(續)
¾ 選擇正規化阻抗Z0: (續)
其它阻抗值⇒ ai和bi可視為在無限短傳輸線上傳播之行波
l →0
a
ZS
VS aS Z
L
b
ΓS ⋅ b
eS Z0 Z − Z0
圖中 a S = 而 e S = VS ,又 ΓS = S ,
Z0 ZS + Z0 ZS + Z0
Microwave & Communication Lab. 13
雙埠網路的參數 aS is forward wave
2
aS
Pmax = ZL The same
1 − ΓL
2 a + b = Vs
Z +Z L S
b = ΓL a 14
Microwave & Communication Lab.
量測S參數之基準面轉換
I II II I
a1′ a1 a2 a2′
l1 雙埠 l2
網路
b1′ b1 b2 b2′
¾ 若基準面I量測到的S參數為[S ′],則基準面II量測到的S
參數為 [S ]
e jβl1 0 e jβl1 0
∴ [S ] = jβl2
[S ′]
0 e 0 e jβl2
Microwave & Communication Lab. 16
量測S參數之基準面轉換
λ λ
例題1 4 8
如圖,試求S參數矩陣。
Z0 Z0 Z0
[解]先考慮中間電阻Z0,即
a1 a2 Z0
− Z0
Z L − Z0 1 b
Γin = = 2 = − = 1 = S11
Z0 Z L + Z0 Z0 3 a1
+ Z0
2
b1 b2 1
同理 S 22 = −
3
b2 1 2
V = a1 + b1 = a 2 + b2 ⇒ S 21 = ∴ a1 + b1 = b2 = a1 + − a1 = a1
a1 a =0 3 3
2
則
1 2
− 3 3
[S ] = 2 1
−
3 3
1 2 − j 4π
3
−
π 1 2 π
−j2 −j − e − jπ e
⇒ [S ′] = e 0 3 3 e 2 0 = 3 3
π π π
−j 2 1 −j 2
3
1 −j2
e 4 e 4
−j π
0 e 4 − 0 − e
3 3 3 3
Microwave & Communication Lab. 18
同時共軛匹配
Γin ΓL
a1 a2 雙埠
M1 M2
網路
RS
Γin [S ]Z 0
ΓL RL
b1 b2
DS = S11 S 22 − S12 S 21 B ± B − 4C
2 2
Γ =
C = S 22 − DS S11* ⇒反射係數 L 2C
2 2 2
B = 1 + S 22 − S11 − DS ∠ΓL = −∠C
若B>0則取負(“-”)﹔若B<0則取正(“+”)。
*
S12 S 21ΓL
⇒ ΓS = S11 +
1 − Γ S
L 22
Microwave & Communication Lab. 20