Q. 1 Explain various factors responsible for migration of people.

Ans: Following are the factors which are responsible for Migration of
People:
1) Push Factors :
i. Unemployment & Under Employment
ii. Economic Underdevelopment
iii. Low wage & salary
iv. Political instability, wars etc.
v. Disputes & Conflicts
vi. Lack of Freedom
vii. Discrimination based on religion and politics
viii. Lack of medical care

2) Pull Factors :
i. Better economic prospects
ii. Higher salary & income
iii. Better standard of living
iv. Good Governance
v. Safety & Stability
vi. Intellectual Freedom
vii. No Discrimination
viii. Better medical care facilities
 Q.2 What is Global Warming? What you can do to reduce it?
Ans: The gradual increase in the Temperature of the Earth atmosphere is
referred to as Global Warming.
1. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Reduce waste by choosing reusable products instead of disposables. Buy products with
minimal packaging. Recycle paper, plastic, newspaper, glass and aluminum cans. Use Less
Heat and Air Conditioning
Add insulation to your walls and attic, it can lower your heating costs more than 25%, by
reducing the amount of energy you need to heat and cool your home.
2.Change your lightbulbs
Replace regular light bulbs with compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs. CFLs last 10 times
longer than incandescent bulbs, use two-thirds less energy, and give off 70 percent less
heat.
3.Drive less and drive smarter
Go surfing with friends, Walk and ride your bike more and check out options for carpooling
to work or school. When you do drive, make sure your car is running efficiently. For
example, keeping your tires properly inflated can improve your petrol mileage by more than
3 percent.
4.Buy Energy-Efficient Products
When it's time to buy a new car, choose one that offers good mileage. Home appliances
now come in a range of energy-efficient models, and compact florescent bulbs are
designed to provide more natural-looking light while using far less energy than standard
light bulbs.
5.Use Less Hot Water
Set your water heater at a lower tempreture to save energy and buy low-flow showerheads
to save hot water and about 350 pounds of carbon dioxide yearly. Wash your clothes in
warm or cold water to reduce your use of hot water and the energy required to produce it.
6.Plant a Tree or two
7. Keep an eye on your local beach
8.Encourage Others to Conserve
Q.3 What is difference between Development & sustainable Development?
Ans. A development is something that gets created or grows over a period of time.
And, as the saying goes, what goes up must come down.

In the case of a sustainable development, the part of coming down, at least theoretically, is
pushed indefinitely. After all, sustainability comes from ´sustaining´, staying up.

In practical terms, a sustainable development is generally able to mitigate to a greater

extent the conditions, forces, etc. that threaten its continuation in time, as well as benefit
from the opportunities that protect or foster that same continuation.

In the case of developments that are undertaken by human beings (an ant colony can also
be considered a development), people have the opportunity of acquiring a great level of
knowledge that will equip them in a better manner to respond favorably over time to the
many challenges and opportunities that their development will be facing.

And so, in a nutshell, the main difference between a sustainable and a regular development
is that: Those that participate in a sustainable development are more aware of the external
and internal ´forces´ that can hurt/benefit them in the short, medium and long term,
and they decide to consciously and purposefully chose the combination of options that will
likely offer the best net long term results, even if many of those decisions are unpleasant in
the short/medium term.
Q.4 Explain the Advantages of consumer education.

Ans. Consumer education helps the consumer in many ways in protecting himself from the
malpractices of the seller and in making judicious purchases. Let us see what the

advantages of consumer education are

1. Consumer education helps a person in making proper purchase. It enables the

consumer in making right selection.

2. Consumer education familiarizes the consumer with the problems which he faces while

making purchases. This education inculcates the logical viewpoint in him.

3. Consumer education provides the consumer full information of marketing conditions like

various sources of purchasing a particular commodity, from where to get cheap and best

goods, the shops providing additional facilities, and to latest products. All these information

enables him in taking right decision regarding shopping.

4. Consumer education familiarizes the consumer with various standards of standardization

and their markings.

5. One of the most important uses of consumer education is that it familiarizes the

consumer about the various acts enacted by the Government from time to time. Consumer

education helps the consumer in getting maximum satisfaction by proper utilization of his

money and leads a better living standard.

Q.5 Explain Water Scarcity in India.
Ans. India faces “worst water crisis” in history Groundwater Scarcity,
Pollution Threaten India’s Health, Economy, Environment, and Food Supply.

The country that pumps more groundwater than any other has reached a water
supply and food safety reckoning that threatens to upend political and economic
stability, and long-term public health.
In this special report, building on years of on-the-ground coverage, Circle of
Blue reveals how a nation of 1.3 billion people, by failing to protect its water, is
courting disease and economic hardship as well as social upheaval.
Hand in hand with the groundwater depletion and contamination, is a food
supply “toxic time bomb” of global implications. When irrigation wells go dry,
farmers turn to untreated wastewater that is laced with industrial chemicals and
human sewage.
Delhi is running short — maybe even out — of groundwater.
A harrowing report in June from NITI Aayog, a government-chartered think tank,
warned that Delhi, along with 20 other Indian cities, could reach “zero
groundwater levels” by 2020.
It was a stunning claim that drew attention to an urgent sustainability question in
a country that pumps more groundwater than any other.
It’s also a hard claim to prove. Veena Srinivasan, leader of the Water, Land,
and Society Program at Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the
Environment, told Circle of Blue that she doesn’t believe this claim can be
substantiated. But groundwater decline is still a key challenge in underserved,
fast-growing suburbs of the city, she said.
Whether its leaders can guide Delhi, poised to become the largest metropolitan
area in the world within the next decade, through a period of rapid population
growth while maintaining an adequate water supply is one of the most critical
questions in the city today.