Semi Detailed Lesson Plan in

Grade 8 Mathematics

Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to;
1. identify the properties of inequalities, theorems for segments and angles, Exterior Angle Inequality
Theorem, Triangle Inequality Theorem, Hinge Theorem;
2. perform the applications involving the different theorems; and
3.
Subject Matter:
Topic: ILLUSTRATING THEOREMS ON TRIANGLE INEQUALITIES
Reference: WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET Mathematics 8, Quarter 4, Week 1

Lesson Proper

Day 1

Activity

Direction: Students must participate to the activity entitled “ARRANGE ME”.

Students must ARRANGE the rumbled letters in the given set of words.

Analysis

Did you enjoy our activity class?

Based on our activity, what do you think will be our lesson for today?

Abstraction

PROPERTY DEFINITION ILLUSTRATIONS

Only one of the following
is true: It makes sense, right? a
Comparison 𝒂 < 𝒃, 𝒂 = 𝒃, 𝒐𝒓 𝒂 > 𝒃 must be either less than
Property b or equal to b or greater
(Law of than b. It must be one of
Trichotomy) those, and only one of
those.

For any numbers a, b,

and c When we link up
1. 𝐼𝑓 𝑎 < 𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 < 𝑐,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 inequalities in order, we
𝑎<𝑐 can "jump over" the
2. 𝐼𝑓 𝑎 > 𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 > 𝑐,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 middle inequality.
𝑎>𝑐 𝑰𝒇 𝒂 < 𝒃 < 𝒄
Transitive
Property
𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒂 < 𝒃

Likewise: 𝑰𝒇 𝒂 > 𝒃 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒃 > 𝒄,

𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒂 > 𝒄
 For any numbers a, b We can swap a and b
Reversal 1. If a > b then b < a over, if we make sure the
Property 2. If a < b then b > a symbol still "points at" the
smaller value

For any numbers a, b,

and c Adding or Subtracting c to
1. 𝐼𝑓 𝑎 < 𝑏,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎 + 𝑐 < 𝑏 both sides of an inequality
+𝑐 just shifts everything
Addition and 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 − 𝑐 < 𝑏 − 𝑐 along, and the inequality
Subtraction 2. 𝐼𝑓 𝑎 > 𝑏,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎 + 𝑐 > 𝑏 stays the same.
Property +𝑐 Which means adding or
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 − 𝑐 > 𝑏 − 𝑐 subtracting the same
value to both a and b will
not change the inequality

For any numbers a, b,

and c This means Multiplying or
1. 𝐼𝑓 𝑎 < 𝑏,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑐 < 𝑏𝑐 Dividing the same value to
Multiplication 𝑎 𝑏
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 < 𝑐 both a and b will not change
and Division the inequality
Property
2. 𝐼𝑓 𝑎 > 𝑏,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑐 > 𝑏𝑐
𝑎 𝑏
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 > 𝑐

Here are theorems for comparing segments and angles.

Theorem Example

If point B is between A and C, and Using the illustration at the left, If

A,B, and C are collinear, point B is between A and C and
points A, B, and C are collinear, then
then 𝑨𝑪̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ > 𝑨𝑩̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑨𝑪̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ > 𝑩𝑪̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ 𝑨𝑩̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩𝑪̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ are parts of 𝑨𝑪̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ . ( by
Segment Addition Postulate)
Illustration: This means that the measure of
𝑨𝑪̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ 𝒊𝒔 𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝑨𝑩̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩𝑪̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅

In ∠𝐸𝐷𝐺, if 𝐷𝐹̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅is
̅̅̅̅ between 𝐷𝐸̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷𝐺̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅,̅̅̅̅ Using the illustration at the left, if
then 𝑚∠𝐸𝐷𝐺 > 𝑚∠𝐸𝐷𝐹 and 𝑚∠𝐸𝐷𝐺 > 𝑫𝑭̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ is between 𝑫
̅̅̅̅ 𝑬̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑫𝑮̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅,
𝑚∠𝐹𝐷𝐺. then ∠𝑬𝑫𝑭 and ∠𝑭𝑫𝑮 are parts of
∠𝑬𝑫𝑮.
Illustration: (by Angle Addition Postulate)
This means that the measure of
∠𝑬𝑫𝑮 𝒊𝒔 𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 ∠𝑬𝑫𝑭 and
∠𝑭𝑫𝑮

(note: The whole is equal to the sum of all its parts.)

Application

Draw or illustrate the following:

1. 𝑨𝑪̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ <𝑨𝑩̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑨𝑪̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ <𝑩𝑪̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅

2. 𝑚∠ABC > 𝑚∠ABD and 𝑚∠ABC > 𝑚∠DAC

Day 2

Activity

Direction: Student will participate in the class activity called “Measure Me”.
The class will be divided into 10 groups and will be given each a triangle that they will measure.

Analysis

1. What have you observed during the activity?

2. What is the connection of the activity for today’s lesson?

Abstraction

Inequalities on One Triangle

Triangle Inequality Theorem 1 (Ss→ Aa) (Side to Angle Relationship)

- If one side of a triangle is longer than a second side, then the angle
opposite the first side is larger than the angle opposite the second side.
Illustration:
Using the illustration at the left,
In ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝑚𝐵𝐶̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ = 3, 𝑚𝐴𝐵̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ = 4, 𝑚 𝐴𝐶̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ = 5,
this means that ∠𝑩 is larger than
∠𝑪 ( since ∠𝑩 is opposite to 𝑨𝑪̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ = 𝟓, and
∠𝑪 is opposite to 𝑨𝑩̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ = 𝟒 ) and ∠𝑪 is
larger than ∠𝑨 (𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆 ∠𝑪 is opposite to
𝑨𝑩̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ = 𝟒 and ∠𝑨 is opposite to 𝑩𝑪̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ = 𝟑 ).

Thus, 𝒎∠𝑩 > 𝒎∠𝑪 > 𝒎∠𝑨

Triangle Inequality Theorem 2 (Aa→Ss) (Angle to Side Relationship)

- If one angle of a triangle is larger than a second angle, then the side
opposite the first angle is longer than the side opposite the second angle.

Illustration: Using the illustration at the left, In ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅, 𝑚∠𝑅

= 32°, 𝑚∠𝑃 = 67° ,𝑚 ∠𝑄 = 81°
, this means that 𝑷𝑹̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ is longer than 𝑸𝑹̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ ( since
𝑷𝑹̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ is opposite to ∠𝑸 = 𝟖𝟏°, and 𝑸𝑹̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅is
 opposite to ∠𝑷 = 𝟔𝟕°,) and 𝑸𝑹̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ is longer than
𝑷𝑸̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ (since 𝑸𝑹̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ is opposite to ∠𝑷 = 𝟔𝟕°, and
𝑷𝑸̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅is opposite to ∠𝑹 = 𝟑𝟐°,)

Thus, 𝒎𝑷𝑹̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ > 𝒎𝑸𝑹̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ > 𝒎𝑷𝑸̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅

(Note: In a triangle, the longer the side the larger the opposite angle, and
the larger the angle the longer its opposite side.)

(Refer to the example 1 and 2 at Guide Practice.)

Triangle Inequality Theorem 3 (𝑺𝟏 +𝑺𝟐 > 𝑺𝟑 ) (Relationship among Sides)

- The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is greater than
the length of the third side.
Illustration:
Not every group of segments can be
used to form a triangle.
Using the illustration at the left,
the length of the sides (segments) of
a triangle must have the following
relationship:
Thus, in ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶
𝐵𝐶̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ + 𝐴𝐵̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ > 𝐴𝐶̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ or 𝑎 + 𝑐 > 𝑏
𝐴𝐶̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ + 𝐴𝐵̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ > 𝐵𝐶̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ or 𝑏 + 𝑐 > 𝑎
𝐵𝐶̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ + 𝐴𝐶̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ > 𝐴𝐵̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ or 𝑎 + 𝑏 > 𝑐

(Refer to the example 3 at Guide Practice.)

Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem

- The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than the
measure of either remote interior angle.
Illustration: The Exterior Angle Theorem states
that the measure of an exterior angle
of a triangle is equal to the sum of
the measures of its remote interior
angles.
Using the illustration at the left, In
∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, the 𝑚∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 (Exterior Angle) is
equal to the sum of
𝑚∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 (Remote Interior
Angles)
In symbol:
𝑚∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 = 𝑚∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 + 𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐶
This means that 𝑚∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 is greater
than either the 𝑚∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚∠𝐴𝐵𝐶

(Note: Exterior Angle of a triangle is an angle that forms a linear pair

with one of the angles of a triangle.)
Application

Answer the following figures.

1. In ∆GCF, what angle contains the largest measure?

18cm 12cm

C 16cm F

2. In ∆HIJ, what line contain the longest measure?

H

90°

30° 60°

I J

Day 3

Activity

Direction: Students must participate to the activity entitled “CHARADES“.

In every row they will select a representative that will act the given set of words to be guess by
his/her teammates. Who guesses the word with a shorter time wins the game.

Words to be act:
Equal
Opposite
Angle
Long
Side

Analysis

1. What have you observed during the activity?

2. What is the connection of the activity for today’s lesson?
Abstraction

Inequalities in Two Triangles:

Hinge Theorem or SAS Inequality Theorem

Illustration: - This theorem is called the

"Hinge Theorem" because it
acts on the principle of the two
sides described in the triangle
as being "hinged" at their
common vertex.
Consider the triangles formed
(∆𝐀𝐁𝐂 𝐚𝐧𝐝 ∆𝐃𝐄𝐅) of the
alligator jaws at the right

- The sides described in this theorem are the jaw lengths of the alligator
(̅̅̅̅𝐴𝐵̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐶̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ 𝑖𝑛 ∆𝐀𝐁𝐂 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷𝐸̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷𝐹̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ 𝑖𝑛 ∆𝐃𝐄𝐅) with the "hinge" being at the corner of
the alligator's mouth (point A or D). While the jaw lengths of the alligator will not change,
the jaw "hinge" does allow the alligator to open, or close, its mouth with varying angular
degrees (at point A or D).

Note: The key fact in applying this theorem is that the two sides forming the angle will be of
the same length in both triangles.

Example. Given: 𝐴𝐶̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐵𝐶̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅, B

𝑚∠𝐴𝐶R = 18° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚∠𝐵𝐶R = 32°

𝐴R 𝐵R 18°
32°

A
D
C
Converse of Hinge Theorem or SSS Inequality Theorem
- If two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of another triangle, but the third
side of the first triangle is longer than the third side of the second, then the included angle
of the first triangle is larger than the included angle of the second.

- If we return to the alligator analogy, the converse of the Hinge Theorem would tell us that
the wider the alligator opens his mouth (EF > BC), the larger the angle
he creates at the hinge of his jaw (m D > m∠A).

Thus, If EF > BC, then m D > m∠A.

C F
 Example. Given: BC ≅ EF
then BD ≅ EG
where CD > FG 8 12 8 11
therefore, m ∠B > m ∠E

B D E G
9 9

Application

Solve the given figures using Hinge Theorem and Converse of Hinge Theorem.

1. M

N 8 4 O

2. B

105 ° C D

A 120 °

E F

Prepared by:

CLENT BRIAN O. RALLOS

Student-Teacher Intern

Submitted to:
GENERIEL R. ABREGANA
Cooperating Teacher