LEARNING AREA: COMBINED SCIENCE

CODE: 4003

LEVEL: ‘O’ LEVEL

CALA COMPONENT: D

SYLLABUS TOPIC: SEPARATION TECHNIQUES

SUB TOPIC: FILTRATION AND EVAPORATION

CALA TITLE: RESEARCH PEN AND PAPER

DUE DATE

BACKGROUND

Separation in chemistry is a very important technique used in business,

educational institutions, industry and communities in which people stay.
Knowledge of different separation techniques used to separate different
mixtures. Some methods are used to separate solids from other solids, some
separating solids from liquids and others used to separate immiscible liquids.

In this CALA, you are required to focus mainly on method(s) used to dissolve
substances to form solution and use of evaporation to separate liquids and/or

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solids that are in solution and simple distillation that keeps all components of
the mixture. Such separation can either be done at home using homebased
experiments or at school using laboratory tools, apparatus, equipment and
material.

THE ACTIVITIY

1 a) Define the following terms related to separation in chemistry studies.

(i) Pure substance

(ii) Mixture
(iii) Purification
(iv) Residue
(v) Solvent
(vi) Solute
(vii) Solution
(viii) Solubility
(ix) Filtrate
(x) Distillate [10]

b) List down other ten (10) methods of separation of mixtures and

solution / solids apart from filtration and evaporation. [10]

c) Choose any five (5) named methods in (b) above and briefly define or
describe these methods. [5]

2 a) In this part of the CALA, you can either use typical laboratory
environment (The Lab) or home based experimental approaches to solve

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 problems. You have been asked to help solve the following problems; your
mother at home, whilst she was working in the kitchen or your teacher
whilst he/she was working in the laboratory mixed sand and water by
mistake in a container.

(i) Describe main steps you can use to separate sand from water using
filtration method. [5]

b) When cooking food in the kitchen, your mother also wants you to
separate water from foods.

(i) State the method she can use to separate water from food.
[2]
(ii) Draw a flow diagram to show knowledge of process identified
in b (i).
[3]

c) Briefly describe and explain (using diagram) how either your mother
at home or your teacher in the laboratory at school separates
common salt

form salt solution. [5]

d) Briefly describe how a mixture of two solids salt mixed with sand can
be separated at school (in the laboratory) or at home in the kitchen.
[5]

e) Describe and explain fractional distillation, an experiment used to

separate two liquids that are miscible (they mix together easily) such
as a mixture of ethanol and water. Assume this experiment is being
done in

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 the laboratory at your school. [5]

CALA TIPS

More marks will be awarded for:

• Creativity, researching skills from internet, teachers prepared notes, and

usage of problem solving skills.

• Neatness of your presented work.

• The ability to apply skills and knowledge acquired to solve problems at

school or at home.

• Completeness of work done, submission of CALA answers and CALA

question.

CSC/4003/CALA 4/2023