CHEMISTRY PROJECT

TOPIC: A STUDY ABOUT THE FOAMING

CAPACITY OF SOAP

SUBMITTED BY: SWARNAVO SARKAR

CLASS: XII-R

Roll No: 35

AISSCE
CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL
EXAMINATION 2022-23
BOARD ROLL NUMBER:
DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, RUBY PARK
KOLKATA
 INDEX

CERTIFICATE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

OBJECTIVE

THEORY

MATERIALS REQUIRED

PROCEDURE

OBSERVATION

CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that SWARNAVO SARKAR, a student

of Delhi Public school, Ruby Park, Kolkata, class 12 R has
successfully completed his chemistry project "A STUDY ABOUT THE
FOAMING CAPACITY OF SOAP" during the year 2023-24 as per
CBSE guidelines for the AlSSCE Practical Examination 2024.

__________________________ __________________________

External Examiner Internal Examiner

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincere gratitude towards my chemistry
teacher who had given us the opportunity and space to explore new
avenues for the chemistry project; Chemistry laboratory assistant,
for standing with us throughout our endeavours; CBSE for
providing us with a platform to illustrate our creativities; my friends
for their unconditional support and cooperation. The book and
websites need special mention here as they laid the foundation to
our projects. And of course, my parents, without whose guide and
perseverance, the project would never have been possible.

OBJECTIVE
A study about the foaming capacity of soap.

THEORY
Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of higher fatty acids like
stearic, palmitic and oleic acids can be either saturated or
unsaturated. They contain a long hydrocarbon chain of about 10-20
carbon with one carboxylic acid group as the functional group.
When sodium or potassium soaps are put into water containing
calcium and magnesium ions (Hard water), it results in the
formation of scum which applies a grey appearance on the cloth. To
achieve the same washing or cleaning action, more soap must be
added.
2(C17H35COO)Na + Ca2+  (C17H35COO)2Ca +2Na+
(Water soluble) (ppt.)
Hard water is water that has high mineral content (mainly calcium
and magnesium ions) (in contrast with soft water). Hard water
minerals primarily consist of calcium (Ca2*), and magnesium
(Mg2+) metal cations, and sometimes other dissolved compounds
such as bicarbonates and sulphates. Calcium usually enters the
water as calcium carbonate (CaC03), in form of limestone and
chalk, or calcium sulphate (Cas04), in the form of mineral deposits.
When Na2c03 is added to tap water the calcium (Ca2+) and
magnesium (Mg2+) ions precipitate in the form of their carbonates
and the foaming capacity of soap increases.

MATERIALS REQUIRED
3 test tubes, Test tube stand, Bunsen burner, Stopwatch, Soap
sample, water, Na2CO3 solution.
 PROCEDURE
I. Dissolve 0.5g of soap in 50 ml of distilled water.
II. Take three test tubes and add distilled water in first, tap water in
second and third test tube.
Ill. Add 5 ml of M/10 sodium carbonate to third test tube.
IV. To above test tubes add soap solutions separately.
V. Now shake first test tubes for formation of foam.
VI. Now start the stop watch to calculate time taken for
disappearance of foam.
VII. Similarly, perform the experiment with other soap solutions.
VIII. Record the observations

OBSERVATION
I. Amount of soap sample taken=0.5g
II. Volume of soap solution taken=50mL
III. Amount of distilled water taken=1mL
IV. Volume of distilled water added=10mL
V. Time taken for disappearance of 2mm of distilled water=15’10’’
VI. Time taken for disappearance of 2mm of tap water=8’47’’
VII. Time taken for disappearance of 2mm of tap water+
Na2CO3=13’26’’

CONCLUSION
The foaming capacity of soap is maximum in distilled water.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. https://www.wikipedia.org/
2. https://www.google.co.in/
3. Book-Comprehensive practical chemistry